Part 1
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COMPANION VOLUME BY THE SAME AUTHOR
CHATS ON ENGLISH EARTHENWARE
_With Coloured Frontispiece and 150 Illustrations and Tables of over 200 Illustrated Marks._
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I. HOW TO COLLECT: A CHAPTER FOR BEGINNERS
II. EARLY WARE
III. ENGLISH DELFT
IV. STONEWARE
V. EARLY STAFFORDSHIRE WARE—THOMAS WHIELDON: HIS CONTEMPORARIES AND SUCCESSORS
VI. SALT-GLAZED WARE, STAFFORDSHIRE
VII. JOSIAH WEDGWOOD
VIII. THE SCHOOL OF WEDGWOOD
IX. LEEDS AND OTHER FACTORIES
X. TRANSFER-PRINTED WARE
XI. STAFFORDSHIRE FIGURES
XII. SWANSEA AND OTHER FACTORIES
XIII. LUSTRE WARE
XIV. LATE STAFFORDSHIRE WARE
INDEX
CHATS ON ENGLISH CHINA
BOOKS FOR COLLECTORS
_With Frontispieces and many Illustrations._
CHATS ON ENGLISH CHINA. By ARTHUR HAYDEN.
CHATS ON OLD FURNITURE. By ARTHUR HAYDEN.
CHATS ON OLD PRINTS. (How to collect and value Old Engravings.) By ARTHUR HAYDEN.
CHATS ON COSTUME. By G. WOOLLISCROFT RHEAD.
CHATS ON OLD LACE AND NEEDLEWORK. By E. L. LOWES.
CHATS ON ORIENTAL CHINA. By J. F. BLACKER.
CHATS ON OLD MINIATURES. By J. J. FOSTER, F.S.A.
CHATS ON ENGLISH EARTHENWARE. (Companion volume to “Chats on English China.”) By ARTHUR HAYDEN.
CHATS ON AUTOGRAPHS. By A. M. BROADLEY.
CHATS ON PEWTER. By H. J. L. J. MASSÉ, M.A.
CHATS ON POSTAGE STAMPS. By FRED. J. MELVILLE.
CHATS ON OLD JEWELLERY AND TRINKETS By MACIVER PERCIVAL.
CHATS ON COTTAGE AND FARMHOUSE FURNITURE. (Companion volume to “Chats on Old Furniture.”) By ARTHUR HAYDEN.
CHATS ON OLD COINS By FRED. W. BURGESS.
CHATS ON OLD COPPER AND BRASS. By FRED. W. BURGESS.
CHATS ON HOUSEHOLD CURIOS. By FRED. W. BURGESS.
CHATS ON OLD SILVER. By ARTHUR HAYDEN.
CHATS ON JAPANESE PRINTS. By ARTHUR DAVISON FICKE.
CHATS ON MILITARY CURIOS. By STANLEY C. JOHNSON.
CHATS ON OLD CLOCKS AND WATCHES. By ARTHUR HAYDEN.
CHATS ON ROYAL COPENHAGEN PORCELAIN. By ARTHUR HAYDEN.
CHATS ON OLD SHEFFIELD PLATE. (Companion volume to “Chats on Old Silver.”) By ARTHUR HAYDEN.
* * * * *
BYE PATHS OF CURIO COLLECTING. By ARTHUR HAYDEN. With Frontispiece and 72 Full page Illustrations. 21s. net.
LONDON: T. FISHER UNWIN, LTD. NEW YORK: F. A. STOKES COMPANY.
* * * * *
CHATS ON ENGLISH CHINA
BY
ARTHUR HAYDEN
AUTHOR OF “CHATS ON ENGLISH EARTHENWARE,” “CHATS ON OLD SILVER,” ETC.
WITH 150 ILLUSTRATIONS
T. FISHER UNWIN LTD LONDON: ADELPHI TERRACE
_First Edition_ 1904 _Second Edition_ 1906 _Third Impression_ 1907 _Third Edition_ 1909 _Fifth Impression_ 1910 _Sixth Impression_ 1912 _Seventh Impression_ 1917 _Eighth Impression_ 1919 _Fourth Edition_ 1920
(_All rights reserved_)
TO
JOSEPHINE HAMILTON
PREFACE TO FOURTH EDITION
A certain amount of necessary revision has been given to the volume.
The prices obtained at public auction for representative examples have been brought up to date, and ten new illustrations have been added.
ARTHUR HAYDEN. _September, 1920._
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION
This edition has been slightly revised and corrected. Throughout the volume many new illustrations appear in place of those in the first edition, and their selection has been made in order to show more clearly the characteristics of the china as dealt with in the letterpress.
In addition to these, twenty new illustrations have been added, and I have to acknowledge my indebtedness to Messrs. Wedgwood & Sons, by whose courtesy I am enabled to reproduce examples from their museum at Etruria, and fine examples after Flaxman, including specimens of dinner-ware which are now being manufactured by the firm from the old designs by that artist.
I have similarly to acknowledge my obligation to Messrs. W. T. Copeland & Sons, of Stoke-upon-Trent (the successors of Spode), for several illustrations of the ware from their factory, and to Messrs. Minton for some fine specimens of their productions.
It is my hope that this improvement will make the volume more useful as a practical working handbook for the collector.
To the great number of enthusiasts who have written to me in connection with this volume and with the _Dilettante_ pages in the _Lady’s Pictorial_, I tender a grateful and appreciative acknowledgment.
ARTHUR HAYDEN. _March, 1906._
AUTHOR’S NOTE
In regard to English Earthenware, which appeals to a wide circle of collectors, I have, in response to many readers who have written to me on the subject, prepared a companion volume to this, entitled “Chats on English Earthenware.” The subject is treated from a collecting point of view, and a large number of carefully selected photographic reproductions of typical examples illustrate the letterpress.
Those who are interested in the outline sketch of English Earthenware given in the concluding chapters of this volume, and desire greater detail, will find a completer record in the companion volume.
A. H. _January, 1909._
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PREFACE
This little volume has been primarily written with a view to enable the possessors of old china to determine the factories at which their ware was produced. A modest attempt has been made to show that the china-shelf is a record of men’s triumphs and failures, and the fantastic shepherds and shepherdesses, lustrous bowls, queer printed dishes, and bizarre decorated jugs, may be regarded by a reflective mind as so many symbols representing something less perishable than the clay of the potter.
These “Chats” originally appeared in the pages of _Our Home_. In collecting them in volume form I trust that they will appeal to a wider circle of readers.
Never was a greater interest taken in Art, and the growth of popular literature has developed a taste for objects of art in the home. The china-shelf is now regarded as worthy of keen and discriminating study. Its treasures, often heirlooms, have been brought into the light of day, and amateur collectors can now be numbered by thousands.
I am enabled to include a useful feature in the list of prices obtained at recent sales, by kind permission of the proprietors of the _Connoisseur_, whose “Sale Prices,” published monthly, is most valuable to the collector.
It is hoped that the Bibliography of works on china and pottery may be of use to those who wish to study the subject more deeply, and a copious Index will prove useful for ready reference.
The “Chats” relating to Lustre Ware, Old English Mugs, and Wedgwood are not upon English china, but deal with earthenware; they are included in the volume in order to increase its scope and usefulness.
My thanks are due to Mr. W. G. Honey, of Cork, for kindly allowing me to reproduce specimens from his collection which was exhibited at the Cork Exhibition. I am indebted to Mr. A. Merrington Smith, Fine Art Dealer, of Lowestoft, for information concerning the recent unearthing of moulds and fragments of china on the site of the old factory at Lowestoft, a discovery of very great value. By permission of the Coalport Company I am giving specimens of their modern productions and some of their marks not published before.
ARTHUR HAYDEN.
CONTENTS
PAGE
PREFACE xi
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xv
BIBLIOGRAPHY xxi
GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED xxiii
CHAT
I. OLD DERBY 1
II. CHELSEA CHINA 27
III. THE BOW CHINA FACTORY 49
IV. OLD WORCESTER 67
V. PLYMOUTH AND BRISTOL CHINA 91
VI. THE LOWESTOFT FACTORY 111
VII. COALPORT 133
VIII. SPODE AND HIS SUCCESSORS 149
IX. NANTGARW AND SWANSEA 163
X. MINTON 179
XI. OLD ENGLISH EARTHENWARE 191
XII. LUSTRE WARE 219
XIII. LIVERPOOL WARE 235
XIV. WEDGWOOD 247
INDEX 279
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FRONTISPIECE.
Worcester Vase. From the Collection of the late Lady Charlotte Schreiber in the Victoria and Albert Museum.
CHAT I.—OLD DERBY.
PAGE
Bloor Derby Teapot v Early Crown Derby Cup and Saucer 3 Old Derby Marks 7 Derby Figure Group 9 Crown Derby Pastille-burner 11 Crown Derby Mug and Saucer 13 Bloor Derby Marks 16 Crown Derby Vase and Bloor Derby Pastille-burner 17 Later Derby Marks 20
CHAT II.—CHELSEA CHINA.
Chelsea Figure 27 Figure of Carpenter 29 Chelsea Vase in British Museum 31 Chelsea Marks 34 Chelsea Marks 35 “Foundling” Vase 38 Derby-Chelsea Marks 39
CHAT III.—THE BOW CHINA FACTORY.
Bow Vase, with Cover _Facing page_ 48 Bow Inkstand 49 Bow Figure 50 Bow Marks 53, 54 Bow Plate and Teapot 56 Bow Cups 57 Bow Marks 60
CHAT IV.—OLD WORCESTER.
Early Blue and White Worcester Plate _Facing page_ 66 Old Worcester Transfer-printed Group 67 Old Worcester Marks 70 Old Worcester, King of Prussia Mug 73 Worcester Dish 77 Flight and Barr Marks 78 Chamberlain Marks 78 Kerr and Binns Marks 79 Grainger, Lee and Co. Marks 79 Scent-bottle (Chamberlain) 80 Grainger, Lee and Co. Vases 81
CHAT V.—PLYMOUTH AND BRISTOL CHINA.
White Porcelain Goat _Facing page_ 90 Salt-cellar, Plymouth 91 White Porcelain Dish, Plymouth 94 Vase, Plymouth 95 Plymouth Marks 96 Bristol Porcelain 97 Bristol Vase and Cover _Facing page_ 98 Bristol Marks 100 Bristol Cup and Saucer from Edmund Burke’s Service 102 Bristol Vase 103
CHAT VI.—THE LOWESTOFT FACTORY.
Lowestoft, Panels of Dish (detail) 111 Lowestoft Sauce-boats, with Fragment of Mould 113 Blue and White Delft Marriage Plate 114 Old Lowestoft Cups and Saucers 117 Dated Lowestoft Mug 118 Interior of Old Lowestoft Factory (Digging for Moulds) 122 Toy Teapot and Cream Jug 123 Dated Lowestoft Mugs and Jug 125 Lowestoft Blue and White Jug 128 Inkstand 129
CHAT VII.—COALPORT.
Two-handled Cup, richly gilded 133 Old Coalport—Covered Cup and Saucer 135 Caughley, Old Blue Mug 137 Early Marks 139 Coalport Vase 141 Coalport Marks 142 Latest ditto 143 Old Coalport Vase 145
CHAT VIII.—SPODE AND HIS SUCCESSORS.
Copeland Vases 149 Spode Plates 151 Spode Pastille-burner 152 Spode Marks 154 Spode Plate 155 Copeland Marks 156 Copeland Plates 157
CHAT IX.—NANTGARW AND SWANSEA.
Swansea Vase 163 Nantgarw Plates 165 Nantgarw Dish 167 Fine Swansea Vase and Cover _Facing page_ 170 Swansea Marks 171 Swansea Plate 172 Swansea Vase (Dillwyn’s Etruscan Ware) 173
CHAT X.—MINTON.
Minton Vase _Facing page_ 178 Minton Dish 181 Minton Marks 182 Minton Vase 183 Later Minton Marks 184 Lion Ewer (Henri II. Ware) 185 Minton Candelabrum 186 Majolica Plaque 189
CHAT XI.—OLD ENGLISH EARTHENWARE.
Bust of Prince Rupert 191 Sunderland Jug 193 Old Jug—John Bull 198 The Vicar and Moses 199 Sunderland Frog Mug 203 Old Delft Mug (dated 1631) 206 Group of Old English dated Ware 209 Old Puzzle Jug 212 Marks on Mason’s Ware 216 Group of Mason’s Jugs 217
CHAT XII.—LUSTRE WARE.
Silver Lustre Jug 219 Copper Lustre Jugs 221 Group of Copper Lustre Ware 222 Copper Lustre Bust 223 Copper Lustre Jugs 225 Copper Lustre Jug 226 Silver Lustre Sugar-bowl 227 Silver Lustre Jugs 228 Silver Lustre Teapot 229 Silver Lustre Jug (White Decoration) 231 Gold Lustre Jug 232
CHAT XIII.—LIVERPOOL WARE.
Liverpool Delft Punch Bowl 235 Old Liverpool Tiles 237 Early Liverpool Marks 240 Liverpool Marks 241 Old Liverpool Mug 243 Old Liverpool Jug (two positions) 244 Liverpool Mug 245
CHAT XIV.—WEDGWOOD.
Wedgwood Dinner Plates 247 Wedgwood. Jasper Cup and Saucer 249 Whieldon Tortoiseshell Ware 251 Wedgwood Terra-cotta Vases 256 Wedgwood. Jasper Vase 258 Blue Jasper Vase and Pedestal 259 Plaque designed by Flaxman. Mercury uniting the hands of England and France 260 Portland Vase 261 Wedgwood and Bentley Mark 269 Old Wedgwood Teapot 271 Wedgwood Plaque. Designed by Lady Diana Beauclerk _Facing page_ 278
ADDITIONAL PLATES IN THIRD EDITION.
Bow Teapot _page_ xi Derby Figure of Peacock _Facing page_ 20 Chelsea Figures of Birds ” ” 34 Chelsea Figure and Candlestick _Facing page_ 40 Pair of Bow Figures ” ” 54 Bow Cups ” ” 60 Worcester Plate ” ” 68 Pair of Worcester Vases ” ” 70 Rare Lowestoft Coffee-Pot ” ” 120
ADDITIONAL PLATES IN FOURTH EDITION. 1920.
Derby Cups and Saucers _Facing page_ 22 Chelsea Dishes ” ” 36 Chelsea. Pair of Groups, Dancing Figures ” ” 42 Bow. Figure of Britannia ” ” 52 Bow Teapot, Chinese Style, and Plate _page_ 56 Worcester Teapot _Facing page_ 68 Worcester Mug, Transfer printed ” ” 76 Lowestoft Jug (1772), Mug (1792) _page_ 125
BIBLIOGRAPHY
GENERAL.—Catalogue of Specimens of British Pottery and Porcelain in the Museum of Practical Geology. 1876. (Out of print.)
(This Collection is now at the Bethnal Green Museum.)
Marks and Monograms on Pottery and Porcelain. William Chaffers.
(The last edition, 1901, contains over 3,500 Potters’ marks of all the well-known European and Oriental factories.)
Ceramic Art of Great Britain. 2 vols. Llewellyn Jewitt. 1878.
The China Collector’s Pocket Companion. Mrs. Bury Palliser.
(Containing marks only—arranged in order.)
Old English Pottery. Mr. and Mrs. Frank Freeth. (Morgan, Thompson, & Jamison.)
English Porcelain. A. H. Church. 1904.
English Earthenware. A. H. Church. 1884.
Art of the Old English Potter. By M. L. Solon.
History of Old English Porcelain. By M. L. Solon. 1903.
History and Description of English Porcelain. By Wm. Burton. Cassell & Co. 1902.
History and Description of English Pottery. By Wm. Burton. 1906.
Examples of Early English Pottery. John Eliot Hodgkin, F.S.A., and Edith Hodgkin. 1891.
Pre-Wedgwood English Pottery (Solon Collection). _Connoisseur_, December, 1901; February, 1902.
Pottery and Porcelain, A Guide to Collectors. F. Litchfield. 1900.
Catalogue of English Porcelain at British Museum. R. L. Hobson. 1905.
Guide to English Pottery and Porcelain at British Museum. R. L. Hobson. 1910.
Catalogue of Schreiber Collection at Victoria and Albert Museum. B. Rackham. 1915.
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PARTICULAR. Bow, Chelsea, and Derby Porcelain. William Bemrose. 1898.
Bristol, Two Centuries of Ceramic Art in. Hugh Owen. 1873.
Chelsea China. _Connoisseur_, March, 1903.
Bow Porcelain. _Burlington Magazine_, vol. xxv., 1914.
Bristol Porcelain. _Burlington Magazine_, vol. xx., 1912.
Old Derby China Factory. John Haslem. 1876.
Liverpool, The Art of Pottery in. Joseph Mayer. 1855.
Liverpool Catalogue of Pottery and Porcelain. P. Entwistle. 1907.
The Liverpool Potters. C. T. Gatty. 1882.
Lowestoft. _Connoisseur_, April, 1903; October, 1903. _Queen_, Christmas number, 1903. _Lady’s Pictorial_, Dec. 30, 1905.
Lowestoft China. By W. W. R. Spelman. (Jarrold, Norwich.) 1906.
Lustre Ware. _Connoisseur_, November, 1902.
Saltglaze Teapots, Old English. _Connoisseur_, February, 1903.
Staffordshire Potteries, History of the. S. Shaw. 1829.
Swansea and Nantgarw, The Ceramics of. William Turner. 1897.
Toby Jugs and their Near Relatives. _Lady’s Pictorial_, Jan., 1906.
Transfer Printing on Pottery. _Burlington Magazine_, vol. vi., 1904-5.
Wedgwood, Life of Josiah. Miss Meteyard. 1865.
—— Memorials of Miss Meteyard. 1874.
—— _Connoisseur_, May, 1903.
—— A. H. Church. (Portfolio Monograph.)
Worcester China. A Century of Potting in the City of Worcester. R. W. Binns. 1877.
Worcester China. A Record of the Work of Forty-five Years (1852-1897). R. W. Binns. 1898.
Old Worcester. _Connoisseur_, October, 1902.
Worcester Porcelain. R. L. Hobson. 1910.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED
_Biscuit._—The first stage of china after being fired. It is white and porous, and ready for decoration. Its surface resembles that of an ordinary clay pipe.
_China._—A term used to include all porcelains.
_Earthenware._—All ware that, in contradistinction to porcelain, is not translucent.
_Glaze._—The glassy substance applied to the surface of pottery and porcelain.