Charlotte Brontë and Her Circle
Chapter 22
unintentionally. I think those married women who indiscriminately urge their acquaintance to marry, much to blame. For my part, I can only say with deeper sincerity and fuller significance what I always said in theory, "Wait God's will." Indeed, indeed, Nell, it is a solemn and strange and perilous thing for a woman to become a wife. Man's lot is far, far different. Tell me when you think you can come. Papa is better, but not well. How is your mother? give my love to her.--Yours faithfully,
'C. B. NICHOLLS.
'Have I told you how much better Mr. Nicholls is? He looks quite strong and hale; he gained 12 lbs. during the four weeks we were in Ireland. To see this improvement in him has been a main source of happiness to me, and to speak truth, a subject of wonder too.'
TO MISS ELLEN NUSSEY
'HAWORTH, _August_ 29_th_.
'DEAR ELLEN,--Can you come here on Wednesday week (Sept. 6th)? Try to arrange matters to do so if possible, for it will be better than to delay your visit till the days grow cold and short. I want to see you again, dear Nell, and my husband too will receive you with pleasure; and he is not diffuse of his courtesies or partialities, I can assure you. One friendly word from him means as much as twenty from most people.
'We have been busy lately giving a supper and tea-drinking to the singers, ringers, Sunday-school teachers, and all the scholars of the Sunday and National Schools, amounting in all to some 500 souls. It gave satisfaction and went off well.
'Papa, I am thankful to say, is much better; he preached last Sunday. How does your mother bear this hot weather? Write soon, dear Nell, and say you will come.--Yours faithfully,
'C. B. N.'
TO MISS ELLEN NUSSEY
'HAWORTH, _September_ 7_th_, 1854.
'DEAR ELLEN,--I send a French paper to-day. You would almost think I had given them up, it is so long since one was despatched. The fact is, they had accumulated to quite a pile during my absence. I wished to look them over before sending them off, and as yet I have scarcely found time. That same Time is an article of which I once had a large stock always on hand; where it is all gone now it would be difficult to say, but my moments are very fully occupied. Take warning, Ellen, the married woman can call but a very small portion of each day her own. Not that I complain of this sort of monopoly as yet, and I hope I never shall incline to regard it as a misfortune, but it certainly exists. We were both disappointed that you could not come on the day I mentioned. I have grudged this splendid weather very much. The moors are in glory, I never saw them fuller of purple bloom. I wanted you to see them at their best; they are just turning now, and in another week, I fear, will be faded and sere. As soon as ever you can leave home, be sure to write and let me know.
'Papa continues greatly better. My husband flourishes; he begins indeed to express some slight alarm at the growing improvement in his condition. I think I am decent, better certainly than I was two months ago, but people don't compliment me as they do Arthur--excuse the name, it has grown natural to use it now. I trust, dear Nell, that you are all well at Brookroyd, and that your visiting stirs are pretty nearly over. I compassionate you from my heart for all the trouble to which you must be put, and I am rather ashamed of people coming sponging in that fashion one after another; get away from them and come here.--Yours faithfully,
'C. B. NICHOLLS.'
TO MISS ELLEN NUSSEY
'HAWORTH, _November_ 7_th_, 1854.
'DEAR ELLEN,--Arthur wishes you would burn my letters. He was out when I commenced this letter, but he has just come in. It is not "old friends" he mistrusts, he says, but the chances of war--the accidental passing of letters into hands and under eyes for which they were never written.
'All this seems mighty amusing to me; it is a man's mode of viewing correspondence. Men's letters are proverbially uninteresting and uncommunicative. I never quite knew before why they made them so. They may be right in a sense: strange chances do fall out certainly. As to my own notes, I never thought of attaching importance to them or considering their fate, till Arthur seemed to reflect on both so seriously.
'I will write again next week if all be well to name a day for coming to see you. I am sure you want, or at least ought to have, a little rest before you are bothered with more company; but whenever I come, I suppose, dear Nell, under present circumstances, it will be a quiet visit, and that I shall not need to bring more than a plain dress or two. Tell me this when you write.--Believe me faithfully yours,
'C. B. NICHOLLS.'
TO MISS ELLEN NUSSEY
'HAWORTH, _November_ 14_th_, 1854.
'DEAR ELLEN,--I am only just at liberty to write to you; guests have kept me very busy during the last two or three days. Sir J. Kay-Shuttleworth and a friend of his came here on Saturday afternoon and stayed till after dinner on Monday.
'When I go to Brookroyd, Arthur will take me there and stay one night, but I cannot yet fix the time of my visit. Good-bye for the present, dear Nell.--Yours faithfully,
'C. B. NICHOLLS.'
TO MISS ELLEN NUSSEY
'HAWORTH, _November_ 21_st_, 1854,
'DEAR ELLEN,--You ask about Mr. Sowden's matter. He walked over here on a wild rainy day. We talked it over. He is quite disposed to entertain the proposal, but of course there must be close inquiry and ripe consideration before either he or the patron decide. Meantime Mr. Sowden {495} is most anxious that the affairs be kept absolutely quiet; in the event of disappointment it would be both painful and injurious to him if it should be rumoured at Hebden Bridge that he has had thoughts of leaving. Arthur says if a whisper gets out these things fly from parson to parson like wildfire. I cannot help somehow wishing that the matter should be arranged, if all on examination is found tolerably satisfactory.
'Papa continues pretty well, I am thankful to say; his deafness is wonderfully relieved. Winter seems to suit him better than summer; besides, he is settled and content, as I perceive with gratitude to God.
'Dear Ellen, I wish you well through every trouble. Arthur is not in just now or he would send a kind message.--Believe me, yours faithfully,
'C. B. NICHOLLS.'
TO MISS ELLEN NUSSEY
'HAWORTH, _November_ 29_th_, 1854.
'DEAR ELLEN,--Arthur somewhat demurs about my going to Brookroyd as yet; fever, you know, is a formidable word. I cannot say I entertain any apprehensions myself further than this, that I should be terribly bothered at the idea of being taken ill from home and causing trouble; and strangers are sometimes more liable to infection than persons living in the house.
'Mr. Sowden has seen Sir J. K. Shuttleworth, but I fancy the matter is very uncertain as yet. It seems the Bishop of Manchester stipulates that the clergyman chosen should, if possible, be from his own diocese, and this, Arthur says, is quite right and just. An exception would have been made in Arthur's favour, but the case is not so clear with Mr. Sowden. However, no harm will have been done if the matter does not take wind, as I trust it will not. Write very soon, dear Nell, and,--Believe me, yours faithfully,
'C. B. NICHOLLS.'
TO MISS ELLEN NUSSEY
'HAWORTH, _December_ 7_th_, 1854.
'DEAR ELLEN,--I shall not get leave to go to Brookroyd before Christmas now, so do not expect me. For my own part I really should have no fear, and if it just depended on me I should come. But these matters are not quite in my power now: another must be consulted; and where his wish and judgment have a decided bias to a particular course, I make no stir, but just adopt it. Arthur is sorry to disappoint both you and me, but it is his fixed wish that a few weeks should be allowed yet to elapse before we meet. Probably he is confirmed in this desire by my having a cold at present. I did not achieve the walk to the waterfall with impunity. Though I changed my wet things immediately on returning home, yet I felt a chill afterwards, and the same night had sore throat and cold; however, I am better now, but not quite well.
'Did I tell you that our poor little Flossy is dead? He drooped for a single day, and died quietly in the night without pain. The loss even of a dog was very saddening, yet perhaps no dog ever had a happier life or an easier death.
'Papa continues pretty well, I am happy to say, and my dear boy flourishes. I do not mean that he continues to grow stouter, which one would not desire, but he keeps in excellent condition.
'You would wonder, I dare say, at the long disappearance of the French paper. I had got such an accumulation of them unread that I thought I would not wait to send the old ones; now you will receive them regularly. I am writing in haste. It is almost inexplicable to me that I seem so often hurried now; but the fact is, whenever Arthur is in I must have occupations in which he can share, or which will not at least divert my attention from him--thus a multitude of little matters get put off till he goes out, and then I am quite busy. Goodbye, dear Ellen, I hope we shall meet soon.--Yours faithfully,
'C. B. NICHOLLS.'
TO MISS ELLEN NUSSEY
'HAWORTH, _December_ 26_th_, 1854.
'DEAR ELLEN,--I return the letter. It is, as you say, very genuine, truthful, affectionate, maternal--without a taint of sham or exaggeration. Mary will love her child without spoiling it, I think. She does not make an uproar about her happiness either. The longer I live the more I suspect exaggerations. I fancy it is sometimes a sort of fashion for each to vie with the other in protestations about their wonderful felicity, and sometimes they--FIB. I am truly glad to hear you are all better at Brookroyd. In the course of three or four weeks more I expect to get leave to come to you. I certainly long to see you again. One circumstance reconciles me to this delay--the weather. I do not know whether it has been as bad with you as with us, but here for three weeks we have had little else than a succession of hurricanes.
'In your last you asked about Mr. Sowden and Sir James. I fear Mr. Sowden has little chance of the living; he had heard nothing more of it the last time he wrote to Arthur, and in a note he had from Sir James yesterday the subject is not mentioned.
'You inquire too after Mrs. Gaskell. She has not been here, and I think I should not like her to come now till summer. She is very busy with her story of _North and South_.
'I must make this note short that it may not be overweight. Arthur joins me in sincere good wishes for a happy Christmas, and many of them to you and yours. He is well, thank God, and so am I, and he is "my dear boy," certainly dearer now than he was six months ago. In three days we shall actually have been married that length of time! Good-bye, dear Nell.--Yours faithfully,
'C. B. NICHOLLS.'
At the beginning of 1855 Mr. and Mrs. Nicholls visited Sir James Kay-Shuttleworth at Gawthorpe. I know of only four letters by her, written in this year.
TO MISS ELLEN NUSSEY
'HAWORTH, _January_ 19_th_, 1855.
'DEAR ELLEN,--Since our return from Gawthorpe we have had a Mr. Bell, one of Arthur's cousins, staying with us. It was a great pleasure. I wish you could have seen him and made his acquaintance; a true gentleman by nature and cultivation is not after all an everyday thing.
'As to the living of Habergham or Padiham, it appears the chance is doubtful at present for anybody. The present incumbent wishes to retract his resignation, and declares his intention of appointing a curate for two years. I fear Mr. Sowden hardly produced a favourable impression; a strong wish was expressed that Arthur could come, but that is out of the question.
'I very much wish to come to Brookroyd, and I hope to be able to write with certainty and fix Wednesday, the 31st January, as the day; but the fact is I am not sure whether I shall be well enough to leave home. At present I should be a most tedious visitor. My health has been really very good since my return from Ireland till about ten days ago, when the stomach seemed quite suddenly to lose its tone; indigestion and continual faint sickness have been my portion ever since. Don't conjecture, dear Nell, for it is too soon yet, though I certainly never before felt as I have done lately. But keep the matter wholly to yourself, for I can come to no decided opinion at present. I am rather mortified to lose my good looks and grow thin as I am doing just when I thought of going to Brookroyd. Dear Ellen, I want to see you, and I hope I shall see you well. My love to all.--Yours faithfully,
'C. B. NICHOLLS.'
There were three more letters, but they were written in pencil from her deathbed. Two of them are printed by Mrs. Gaskell--one to Miss Nussey, the other to Miss Wheelwright. Here is the third and last of all.
TO MISS ELLEN NUSSEY
'MY DEAR ELLEN,--Thank you very much for Mrs. Hewitt's sensible clear letter. Thank her too. In much her case was wonderfully like mine, but I am reduced to greater weakness; the skeleton emaciation is the same. I cannot talk. Even to my dear, patient, constant Arthur I can say but few words at once.
'These last two days I have been somewhat better, and have taken some beef-tea, a spoonful of wine and water, a mouthful of light pudding at different times.
'Dear Ellen, I realise full well what you have gone through and will have to go through with poor Mercy. Oh, may you continue to be supported and not sink. Sickness here has been terribly rife. Kindest regards to Mr. and Mrs. Clapham, your mother, Mercy. Write when you can.--Yours,
'C. B. NICHOLLS.'
Little remains to be said. This is not a biography but a bundle of correspondence, and I have only to state that Mrs. Nicholls died of an illness incidental to childbirth on March 31st 1855, and was buried in the Bronte tomb in Haworth church. Her will runs as follows:--
Extracted from the District Probate Registry at York attached to Her Majesty's High Court of Justice.
_In the name of God_. _Amen_. _I_, CHARLOTTE NICHOLLS, _of Haworth in the parish of Bradford and county of York_, _being of sound and disposing mind_, _memory_, _and understanding_, _but mindful of my own mortality_, _do this seventeenth day of February_, _in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-five_, _make this my last Will and Testament in manner and form following_, _that is to say_: _In case I die without issue I give and bequeath to my husband all my property to be his absolutely and entirely_, _but_, _In case I leave issue I bequeath to my husband the interest of my property during his lifetime_, _and at his death I desire that the principal should go to my surviving child or children_; _should there be more than one child_, _share and share alike_. _And I do hereby make and appoint my said husband_, _Arthur Bell Nicholls_, _clerk_, _sole executor of this my last Will and Testament_; _In witness whereof I have to this my last Will and Testament subscribed my hand_, _the day and year first above written_--CHARLOTTE NICHOLLS. _Signed and acknowledged by the said testatrix_ CHARLOTTE NICHOLLS, _as and for her last Will and Testament in the presence of us_, _who_, _at her request_, _in her presence and in presence of each other_, _have at the same time hereunto_ _subscribed our names as witnesses thereto_: _Patrick Bronte_, B.A. _Incumbent of Haworth_, _Yorkshire_; _Martha Brown_.
_The eighteenth day of April_ 1855, _the Will of_ CHARLOTTE NICHOLLS, _late of Haworth in the parish of Bradford in the county of York_ (_wife of the Reverend Arthur Bell Nicholls_, _Clerk in Holy Orders_) (_having bona notabilia within the province of York_). _Deceased was proved in the prerogative court of York by the oath of the said Arthur Bell Nicholls_ (_the husband_), _the sole executor to whom administration was granted_, _he having been first sworn duly to administer_.
Testatrix died 31st March 1855.
It is easy as fruitless to mourn over 'unfulfilled renown,' but it is not easy to believe that the future had any great things in store. Miss Bronte's four novels will remain for all time imperishable monuments of her power. She had touched with effect in two of them all that she knew of her home surroundings, and in two others all that was revealed to her of a wider life. More she could not have done with equal effect had she lived to be eighty. Hers was, it is true, a sad life, but such gifts as these rarely bring happiness with them. It was surely something to have tasted the sweets of fame, and a fame so indisputably lasting.
Mr. Nicholls stayed on at Haworth for the six years that followed his wife's death. When Mr. Bronte died he returned to Ireland. Some years later he married again--a cousin, Miss Bell by name. That second marriage has been one of unmixed blessedness. I found him in a home of supreme simplicity and charm, esteemed by all who knew him and idolised in his own household. It was not difficult to understand that Charlotte Bronte had loved him and had fought down parental opposition in his behalf. The qualities of gentleness, sincerity, unaffected piety, and delicacy of mind are his; and he is beautifully jealous, not only for the fair fame of Currer Bell, but--what she would equally have loved--for her father, who also has had much undue detraction in the years that are past. That Mr. Nicholls may long continue to enjoy the kindly calm of his Irish home will be the wish of all who have read of his own continuous devotion to a wife who must ever rank among the greatest of her sex.
FOOTNOTES
{8} Although so stated by Professor A. W. Ward in the _Dictionary of National Biography_, vol. xxi.
{14} 'Mama's last days,' it runs, 'had been full of loving thought and tender help for others. She was so sweet and dear and noble beyond words.'
{17} 'Some of the West Ridingers are very angry, and declare they are half-a-century in civilisation before some of the Lancashire folk, and that this neighbourhood is a paradise compared with some districts not far from Manchester.'--Ellen Nussey to Mrs. Gaskell, April 16th, 1859.
{19} 'To this bold statement (i.e. that love-letters were found in Branwell's pockets) Martha Brown gave to me a flat contradiction, declaring that she was employed in the sick room at the time, and had personal knowledge that not one letter, nor a vestige of one, from the lady in question, was so found.'--Leyland. _The Bronte Family_, vol. ii. p. 284.
{22} Mrs. Gaskell had described Charlotte Bronte's features as 'plain, large, and ill-set,' and had written of her 'crooked mouth and large nose'--while acknowledging the beauty of hair and eyes.
{25} Mrs. Lawry of Muswell Hill, to whose courtesy in placing these and other papers at my disposal I am greatly indebted.
{28} 'Patrick Branty' is written in another handwriting in the list of admissions at St. John's College, Cambridge. Dr. J. A. Erskine Stuart, who has a valuable note on the subject in an article on 'The Bronte Nomenclature' (Bronte Society's Publications, Pt. III.), has found the name as Brunty, Bruntee, Bronty, and Branty--but never in Patrick Bronte's handwriting. There is, however, no signature of Mr. Bronte's extant prior to 1799.
{29} 'I translated this' (_i.e._ an Irish romance) 'from a manuscript in my possession made by one Patrick O'Prunty, an ancestor probably of Charlotte Bronte, in 1763.' _The Story of Early Gaelic Literature_, p. 49. By Douglas Hyde, LL.D. T. Fisher Uwin, 1895.
{33} Mrs. Gaskell says 'Dec. 29th'; but Miss Charlotte Branwell of Penzance writes to me as follows:--'My Aunt Maria Branwell, after the death of her parents, went to Yorkshire on a visit to her relatives, where she met the Rev. Patrick Bronte. They soon became engaged to be married. Jane Fennell was previously engaged to the Rev. William Morgan. And when the time arrived for their marriage, Mr. Fennell said he should have to give his daughter and niece away, and if so, he could not marry them; so it was arranged that Mr. Morgan should marry Mr. Bronte and Maria Branwell, and afterwards Mr. Bronte should perform the same kindly office towards Mr. Morgan and Jane Fennell. So the bridegrooms married each other and the brides acted as bridesmaids to each other. My father and mother, Joseph and Charlotte Branwell, were married at Madron, which was then the parish church of Penzance, on the same day and hour. Perhaps a similar case never happened before or since: two sisters and four first cousins being united in holy matrimony at one and the same time. And they were all happy marriages. Mr. Bronte was perhaps peculiar, but I have always heard my own dear mother say that he was devotedly fond of his wife, and she of him. These marriages were solemnised on the 18th of December 1812.'
{39} The passage in brackets is quoted by Mrs. Gaskell.
{49} The passage in brackets is quoted, not quite accurately, by Mrs. Gaskell.
{53} The following letter indicates Mr. Bronte's independence of spirit. It was written after Charlotte's death:
'HAWORTH, NR. KEIGHLEY, _January_ 16_th_, 1858.
'SIR,--Your letter which I have received this morning gives both to Mr. Nicholls and me great uneasiness. It would seem that application has been made to the Duke of Devonshire for money to aid the subscription in reference to the expense of apparatus for heating our church and schools. This has been done without our knowledge, and most assuredly, had we known it, would have met with our strongest opposition. We have no claim on the Duke. His Grace honour'd us with a visit, in token of his respect for the memory of the dead, and his liberality and munificence are well and widely known; and the mercenary, taking an unfair advantage of these circumstances, have taken a step which both Mr. Nicholls and I utterly regret and condemn. In answer to your query, I may state that the whole expense for both the schools and church is about one hundred pounds; and that after what has been and may be subscribed, there may fifty pounds remain as a debt. But this may, and ought, to be raised by the inhabitants, in the next year after the depression of trade shall, it is hoped, have passed away. I have written to His Grace on the subject--I remain, sir, your obedient servant,
'P. BRONTE.
'SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, BART., 'Hardwick Hall, 'Chesterfield.'
{56a} The vicar, the Rev. J. Jolly, assures me, as these pages are passing through the press, that he is now moving it into the new church.
{56b} _Baptisms solomnised in the Parish of Bradford and Chapelry of Thornton in the County of York_. _When _Child's _Parent's _Parent's _Abode_. _Quality_, _By whom the Baptized_. Christian Name_ Name_ _Trade or Ceremony was Name_. (_Christian_). (_Surname_). Profession_. Performed_. 1816 _Charlotte _The Rev. _Bronte_ _Thornton_ _Minister of _Wm. Morgan 29_th_ _June_ daughter of_ Patrick and Thornton_ Minster of Christ Maria_. Church Bradford_. 1817 _Patrick _Patrick and _Bronte_ _Thornton_ _Minister_ _Jno. Fennell _July_ 23 Branwell son Maria_. officiating of_ Minister_. 1818 _Emily Jane _The Rev. _Bronte_ A.B. _Thornton _Minister of _Wm. Morgan 20_th_ daughter of_ Patrick and Parsonage_ Thornton_ Minster of Christ _August_ Maria_. Church Bradford_. 1820 _Anne daughter _The Rev. _Bronte_ _Minister of _Wm. Morgan _March_ 25_th_ of_ Patrick and Haworth_ Minster of Christ Maria_. Church Bradford_.
{74} At the same time it is worth while quoting from a letter by 'A. H.' in August 1855. A. H. was a teacher who was at Cowan Bridge during the time of the residence of the little Brontes there.
'In July 1824 the Rev. Mr. Bronte arrived at Cowan Bridge with two of his daughters, Maria and Elizabeth, 12 and 10 years of age. The children were delicate; both had but recently recovered from the measles and whooping-cough--so recently, indeed, that doubts were entertained whether they could be admitted with safety to the other pupils. They were received, however, and went on so well that in September their father returned, bringing with him two more of his children--Charlotte, 9 [she was really but 8] and Emily, 6 years of age. During both these visits Mr. Bronte lodged at the school, sat at the same table with the children, saw the whole routine of the establishment, and, so far as I have ever known, was satisfied with everything that came under his observation.
'"The two younger children enjoyed uniformly good health." Charlotte was a general favourite. To the best of my recollection she was never under disgrace, however slight; punishment she certainly did _not _experience while she was at Cowan Bridge.
'In size, Charlotte was remarkably diminutive; and if, as has been recently asserted, she never grew an inch after leaving the Clergy Daughters' School, she must have been a _literal dwarf_, and could not have obtained a situation as teacher in a school at Brussels, or anywhere else; the idea is absurd. In respect of the treatment of the pupils at Cowan Bridge, I will say that neither Mr. Bronte's daughters nor any other of the children were denied a sufficient quantity of food. Any statement to the contrary is entirely false. The daily dinner consisted of meat, vegetables, and pudding, in abundance; the children were permitted, and expected, to ask for whatever they desired, and were never limited.
'It has been remarked that the food of the school was such that none but starving children could eat it; and in support of this statement reference is made to a certain occasion when the medical attendant was consulted about it. In reply to this, let me say that during the spring of 1825 a low fever, although not an alarming one, prevailed in the school, and the managers, naturally anxious to ascertain whether any local cause occasioned the epidemic, took an opportunity to ask the physician's opinion of the food that happened to be then on the table. I recollect that he spoke rather scornfully of a baked rice pudding; but as the ingredients of this dish were chiefly, rice, sugar, and milk, its effects could hardly have been so serious as have been affirmed. I thus furnish you with the simple fact from which those statements have been manufactured.
'I have not the least hesitation in saying that, upon the whole, the comforts were as many and the privations as few at Cowan Bridge as can well be found in so large an establishment. How far young or delicate children are able to contend with the necessary evils of a public school is, in my opinion, a very grave question, and does not enter into the present discussion.
'The younger children in all larger institutions are liable to be oppressed; but the exposure to this evil at Cowan Bridge was not more than in other schools, but, as I believe, far less. Then, again, thoughtless servants will occasionally spoil food, even in private families; and in public schools they are likely to be still less particular, unless they are well looked after.
'But in this respect the institution in question compares very favourably with other and more expensive schools, as from personal experience I have reason to know.--A.H., August 1855.'--From _A Vindication of the Clergy Daughters' School and the Rev. W. Carus Wilson from the Remarks in_ '_The Life of Charlotte Bronte_,' _by the Rev. H. Shepheard_, _M.A. London_: _Seeley_, _Jackson_, _and Halliday_, 1857.
{92} The Rev. William Weightman.
{95} It is interesting to note that Charlotte sent one of her little pupils a gift-book during the holidays. The book is lost, but the fly-leaf of it, inscribed 'Sarah Louisa White, from her friend C. Bronte, July 20, 1841,' is in the possession of Mr. W. Lowe Fleeming, of Wolverhampton.
{96} 'UPPERWOOD HOUSE, RAWDON, _September _29_th_, 1841.
'DEAR AUNT,--I have heard nothing of Miss Wooler yet since I wrote to her intimating that I would accept her offer. I cannot conjecture the reason of this long silence, unless some unforeseen impediment has occurred in concluding the bargain. Meantime, a plan has been suggested and approved by Mr. and Mrs. White, and others, which I wish now to impart to you. My friends recommend me, if I desire to secure permanent success, to delay commencing the school for six months longer, and by all means to contrive, by hook or by crook, to spend the intervening time in some school on the continent. They say schools in England are so numerous, competition so great, that without some such step towards attaining superiority we shall probably have a very hard struggle, and may fail in the end. They say, moreover, that the loan of 100 pounds, which you have been so kind as to offer us, will, perhaps, not be all required now, as Miss Wooler will lend us the furniture; and that, if the speculation is intended to be a good and successful one, half the sum, at least, ought to be laid out in the manner I have mentioned, thereby insuring a more speedy repayment both of interest and principal.
'I would not go to France or to Paris. I would go to Brussels, in Belgium. The cost of the journey there, at the dearest rate of travelling, would be 5 pounds; living is there little more than half as dear as it is in England, and the facilities for education are equal or superior to any other place in Europe. In half a year, I could acquire a thorough familiarity with French. I could improve greatly in Italian, and even get a dash of German, _i.e._, providing my health continued as good as it is now. Martha Taylor is now staying in Brussels, at a first-rate establishment there. I should not think of going to the Chateau de Kockleberg, where she is resident, as the terms are much too high; but if I wrote to her, she, with the assistance of Mrs. Jenkins, the wife of the British Consul, would be able to secure me a cheap and decent residence and respectable protection. I should have the opportunity of seeing her frequently, she would make me acquainted with the city; and, with the assistance of her cousins, I should probably in time be introduced to connections far more improving, polished, and cultivated, than any I have yet known.
'These are advantages which would turn to vast account, when we actually commenced a school--and, if Emily could share them with me, only for a single half-year, we could take a footing in the world afterwards which we can never do now. I say Emily instead of Anne; for Anne might take her turn at some future period, if our school answered. I feel certain, while I am writing, that you will see the propriety of what I say; you always like to use your money to the best advantage; you are not fond of making shabby purchases; when you do confer a favour, it is often done in style; and depend upon it 50, or 100 pounds, thus laid out, would be well employed. Of course, I know no other friend in the world to whom I could apply on this subject except yourself. I feel an absolute conviction that, if this advantage were allowed us, it would be the making of us for life. Papa will perhaps think it a wild and ambitious scheme; but who ever rose in the world without ambition? When he left Ireland to go to Cambridge University, he was as ambitious as I am now. I want us all to go on. I know we have talents, and I want them to be turned to account. I look to you, aunt, to help us. I think you will not refuse. I know, if you consent, it shall not be my fault if you ever repent your kindness. With love to all, and the hope that you are all well,--Believe me, dear aunt, your affectionate niece,
'MISS BRANWELL. C. BRONTE.'
_Mrs. Gaskell's_ '_Life_.' _Corrected and completed from original letter in the possession of Mr. A. B. Nicholls_.
{107} Miss Mary Dixon, the sister of Mr. George Dixon, M.P., is still alive, but she has unfortunately not preserved her letters from Charlotte Bronte.
{109a} 'The Brontes at Brussels,' by Frederika Macdonald.--_The Woman at Home_, July 1894.
{109b} This statement has received the separate endorsement of the Rev. A. B. Nicholls and of Miss Ellen Nussey.
{110} M. and Mme. Heger celebrated their golden wedding in 1888, but Mme. Heger died the next year. M. Constantin Heger lived to be eighty-seven years of age, dying at 72 Rue Nettoyer, Brussels, on the 6th of May 1896. He was born in Brussels in 1809, took part in the Belgian revolution of 1830, and fought in the war of independence against the Dutch. He was twice married, and it was his second wife who was associated with Charlotte Bronte. She started the school in the Rue d'Isabelle, and M. Heger took charge of the upper French classes. In an obituary article written by M. Colin of _L'Etoile Belge_ in _The Sketch_ (June 5, 1896), which was revised by Dr. Heger, the only son of M. Heger, it is stated that Charlotte Bronte was piqued at being refused permission to return to the Pensionnat a third time, and that _Villette_ was her revenge. We know that this was not the case. The Pensionnat Heger was removed in 1894 to the Avenue Louise. The building in the Rue d'Isabelle will shortly be pulled down.
{121} _Pictures of the Past_, by Francis H. Grundy, C.E: Griffith & Farran, 1879; _Emily Bronte_, by A. Mary F. Robinson: W. H. Allen, 1883; _The Bronte Family_, _with Special Reference to Patrick Branwell Bronte_, by Francis A. Leyland: Hurst & Blackett, 2 vols. 1886.
{123} After Mr. Bronte's death Mr. Nicholls removed it to Ireland. Being of opinion that the only accurate portrait was that of Emily, he cut this out and destroyed the remainder. The portrait of Emily was given to Martha Brown, the servant, on one of her visits to Mr. Nicholls, and I have not been able to trace it. There are three or four so-called portraits of Emily in existence, but they are all repudiated by Mr. Nicholls as absolutely unlike her. The supposed portrait which appeared in _The Woman at Home_ for July 1894 is now known to have been merely an illustration from a 'Book of Beauty,' and entirely spurious.
{138} There are two portraits of Branwell in existence, both of them in the possession of Mr. Nicholls. One of them is a medallion by his friend Leyland, the other the silhouette which accompanies this chapter. They both suggest, mainly on account of the clothing, a man of more mature years than Branwell actually attained to.
{142} In the _Mirror_, 1872, Mr. Phillips, under the pseudonym of 'January Searle,' wrote a readable biography of Wordsworth.
{145a} Charlotte writes from Dewsbury Moor (October 2, 1836):--'My sister Emily is gone into a situation as teacher in a large school of near forty pupils, near Halifax. I have had one letter from her since her departure--it gives an appalling account of her duties. Hard labour from six in the morning until near eleven at night, with only one half-hour of exercise between. This is slavery. I fear she will never stand it.'--Mrs. Gaskell's _Life_.
{145b} _Haworth Churchyard_, _April_ 1855, by Matthew Arnold. Macmillan & Co.
{158} See chap. xiii., page 346.
{159} A dog, referred to elsewhere as Flossie, junior.
{161} It was sent to Mr. Williams on six half-sheets of note-paper and was preserved by him.
{163} Although _Jane Eyre_ has been dramatised by several hands, the play has never been as popular as one might suppose from a story of such thrilling incident. I can find no trace of the particular version which is referred to in this letter, but in the next year the novel was dramatised by John Brougham, the actor and dramatist, and produced in New York on March 26, 1849. Brougham is rather an interesting figure. An Irishman by birth, he had a chequered experience of every phase of theatrical life both in London and New York. It was he who adapted 'The Queen's Motto' and 'Lady Audley's Secret,' and he collaborated with Dion Boucicault in 'London Assurance.' In 1849 he seems to have been managing Niblo's Garden in New York, and in the following year the Lyceum Theatre in Broadway. Miss Wemyss took the title role in _Jane Eyre_, J. Gilbert was Rochester, and Mrs. J. Gilbert was Lady Ingram; and though the play proved only moderately successful, it was revived in 1856 at Laura Keene's Varieties at New York, with Laura Keene as Jane Eyre. This version has been published by Samuel French, and is also in Dick's _Penny Plays_. Divided into five Acts and twelve scenes, Brougham starts the story at Lowood Academy. The second Act introduces us to Rochester's house, and the curtain descends in the fourth as Jane announces that the house is in flames. At the end of the fifth, Brougham reproduced _verbatim_ much of the conversation of the dialogue between Rochester and Jane. Perhaps the best-known dramatisation of the novel was that by the late W. G. Wills, who divided the story into four Acts. His play was produced on Saturday, December 23, 1882, at the Globe Theatre, by Mrs. Bernard-Beere, with the following cast:--
_Jane Eyre_ Mrs. Bernard-Beere _Lady Ingram_ Miss Carlotta Leclercq _Blanche Ingram_ Miss Kate Bishop _Mary Ingram_ Miss Maggie Hunt _Miss Beechey_ Miss Nellie Jordan _Mrs. Fairfax_ Miss Alexes Leighton _Grace Poole_ Miss Masson _Bertha_ Miss D'Almaine _Adele_ Mdlle. Clemente Colle _Mr. Rochester_ Mr. Charles Kelly _Lord Desmond_ Mr. A. M. Denison _Rev. Mr. Price_ Mr. H. E. Russel _Nat Lee_ Mr. H. H. Cameron _James_ Mr. C. Stevens
Mr. Wills confined the story to Thornfield Hall. One critic described the drama at the time as 'not so much a play as a long conversation.' A few years ago James Willing made a melodrama of _Jane Eyre_ under the title of _Poor Relations_. This piece was performed at the Standard, Surrey, and Park Theatres. A version of the story, dramatised by Charlotte Birch-Pfeiffer, called _Die Waise von Lowood_, has been rather popular in Germany.
{168a} Alexander Harris wrote _A Converted Atheist's Testimony to the Truth of Christianity_, and other now forgotten works.
{168b} Julia Kavanagh (1824-1877). Her father, M. P. Kavanagh, wrote _The Wanderings of Lucan and Dinah_, a poetical romance, and other works. Miss Kavanagh was born at Thurles and died at Nice. Her first book, _The Three Paths_, a tale for children, was published in 1847. _Madeline_, a story founded on the life of a peasant girl of Auvergne, in 1848. _Women in France during the Eighteenth Century_ appeared in 1850, _Nathalie_ the same year. In the succeeding years she wrote innumerable stories and biographical sketches.
{173} It runs thus:--
'_December_ 9_th_, 1848.
'The patient, respecting whose case Dr. Epps is consulted, and for whom his opinion and advice are requested, is a female in her 29th year. A peculiar reserve of character renders it difficult to draw from her all the symptoms of her malady, but as far as they can be ascertained they are as follows:--
Her appetite failed; she evinced a continual thirst, with a craving for acids, and required a constant change of beverage. In appearance she grew rapidly emaciated; her pulse--the only time she allowed it to be felt--was found to be 115 per minute. The patient usually appeared worse in the forenoon, she was then frequently exhausted and drowsy; toward evening she often seemed better.
'Expectoration accompanies the cough. The shortness of breath is aggravated by the slightest exertion. The patient's sleep is supposed to be tolerably good at intervals, but disturbed by paroxysms of coughing. Her resolution to contend against illness being very fixed, she has never consented to lie in bed for a single day--she sits up from 7 in the morning till 10 at night. All medical aid she has rejected, insisting that Nature should be left to take her own course. She has taken no medicine, but occasionally, a mild aperient and Locock's cough wafers, of which she has used about 3 per diem, and considers their effect rather beneficial. Her diet, which she regulates herself, is very simple and light.
'The patient has hitherto enjoyed pretty good health, though she has never looked strong, and the family constitution is not supposed to be robust. Her temperament is highly nervous. She has been accustomed to a sedentary and studious life.
'If Dr. Epps can, from what has here been stated, give an opinion on the case and prescribe a course of treatment, he will greatly oblige the patient's friends.
'Address--Miss Bronte, Parsonage, Haworth, Bradford, Yorks.'
{183a} The original of this letter is lost, so that it is not possible to fill in the hiatus.
{183b} Emily--who was called the Major, because on one occasion she guarded Miss Nussey from the attentions of Mr. Weightman during an evening walk.
{190} In his next letter Mr. Williams informed her that Miss Rigby was the writer of the _Quarterly_ article.
{221} In Hathersage Church is the altar tomb of Robert Eyre who fought at Agincourt and died on the 21st of May 1459, also of his wife Joan Eyre who died on the 9th of May 1464. This Joan Eyre was heiress of the house of Padley, and brought the Padley estates into the Eyre family. There is a Sanctus bell of the fifteenth century with a Latin inscription, 'Pray for the souls of Robert Eyre and Joan his wife.'--Rev. Thomas Keyworth on 'Morton Village and _Jane Eyre_'--a paper read before the Bronte Society at Keighley, 1895.
{259a} _Miss Miles_, _or A Tale of Yorkshire Life Sixty Years Ago_, by Mary Taylor. Rivingtons, 1890.
{259b} _The First Duty of Women_. A Series of Articles reprinted from the _Victorian Magazine_, 1865 to 1870, by Mary Taylor. 1870.
{262} See letter to Ellen Nussey, page 78.
{275} Miss Bronte was paid 1500 pounds in all for her three novels, and Mr. Nicholls received an additional 250 pounds for the copyright of _The Professor_.
{280} A Mr. Hodgson is spoken of earlier, but he would seem to have been only a temporary help.
{282} Referring to a present of birds which the curate had sent to Miss Nussey.
{287} A Funeral Sermon for the late Rev. William Weightman, M.A., preached in the Church at Haworth on Sunday the 2nd of October 1842 by the Rev. Patrick Bronte, A.B., Incumbent. The profits, if any, to go in aid of the Sunday School. Halifax--Printed by J. U. Walker, George Street, 1842. Price sixpence.
{288} A little dog, called in the next letter 'Flossie, junr.,' which indicates its parentage. Flossy was the little dog given by the Robinsons to Anne.
{325} The originals are in the possession of Mr. Alfred Morrison of Carlton House Terrace, London.
{330} _De Quincey Memorials_, by Alexander H. Japp. 2 vols. 1891. William Heinemann.
{332a} _Agnes Grey_, a novel, by Acton Bell. Vol. III. London, Thomas Cautley Newby, publisher, 72 Mortimer Street, Cavendish Square.
{332b} And yet the error not infrequently occurs, and was recently made by Professor Saintsbury (_Nineteenth Century Literature_), of assuming that it was _Jane Eyre_ which met with many refusals.
{332c} Mr. Nicholls assures me that the manuscript was not rewritten after his marriage, although I had thought it possible, not only on account of its intrinsic merits, which have not been sufficiently acknowledged, but on account of the singular fact that Mlle. Henri, the charming heroine, is married in a white muslin dress, and that her going-away dress was of lilac silk. These were the actual wedding dresses of Mrs. Nicholls.
{333} Anne Marsh (1791-1874), a daughter of James Caldwell, J.P., of Linley Wood, Staffordshire, married a son of the senior partner in the London banking firm of Marsh, Stacey, & Graham. Her first volume appeared in 1834, and contained, under the title of _Two Old Men's Tales_, two stories, _The Admiral's Daughter_ and _The Deformed_, which won considerable popularity. _Emilia Wyndham_, _Time_, _the Avenger_, _Mount Sorel_, and _Castle Avon_, are perhaps the best of her many subsequent novels.
{335} _The Professor_ was published, with a brief note by Mr. Nicholls, two years after the death of its author. _The Professor_, a Tale, by Currer Bell, in two volumes. Smith, Elder & Co., 65 Cornhill, 1857.
{348} Lady Eastlake died in 1893.
{349} _Letters and Journals_ of Lady Eastlake, edited by her nephew, Charles Eastlake Smith, vol. i. pp. 221, 222 (John Murray).
{350} _Life of J. G. Lockhart_, by Andrew Lang. Published by John Nimmo. Mr. Lang has courteously permitted me to copy this letter from his proof-sheets.
{361} Name of place is erased in original.
{373} Thus in original letter.
{398} That Thackeray had written a certain unfavourable critique of _Shirley_.
{402} This article was by John Skelton (_Shirley_).
{403} Now in the possession of Mr. A. B. Nicholls.
{408} Thackeray writes to Mr. Brookfield, in October 1848, as follows:--'Old Dilke of the _Athenaeum_ vows that Procter and his wife, between them, wrote _Jane Eyre_; and when I protest ignorance, says, "Pooh! you know who wrote it--you are the deepest rogue in England, etc." I wonder whether it can be true? It is just possible. And then what a singular circumstance is the + fire of the two dedications' [_Jane Eyre_ to Thackeray, _Vanity Fair_ to Barry Cornwall].--_A Collection of Letters to W. M. Thackeray_, 1847-1855. Smith and Elder.
{423} _Chapters from Some Memories_, by Anne Thackeray Ritchie. Macmillan and Co. Mrs. Ritchie and her publishers kindly permit me to incorporate her interesting reminiscence in this chapter.
{432} George Henry Lewes (1817-1878). Published _Biographical History of Philosophy_, 1845-46; _Ranthorpe_, 1847; _Rose_, _Blanche_, _and Violet_, 1848; _Life of Goethe_, 1855. Editor of the _Fortnightly Review_, 1865-66. _Problems of Life and Mind_, 1873-79; and many other works.
{434} Richard Hengist Horne (1803-1884). Published _Cosmo de Medici_, 1837; _Orion_, an epic poem in ten books, passed through six editions in 1843, the first three editions being issued at a farthing; _A New Spirit of the Age_, 1844; _Letters of E. B. Browning to R. H. Horne_, 1877.
{444} Printed by the kind permission of the Rev. C. W. Heald, of Chale, I.W.
{446} Sir James Kay-Shuttleworth (1804-1877). A doctor of medicine, who was made a baronet in 1849, on resigning the secretaryship of the Committee of Council on Education; assumed the name of Shuttleworth on his marriage, in 1842, to Janet, the only child and heiress of Robert Shuttleworth of Gawthorpe Hall, Burnley (died 1872). His son, the present baronet, is the Right Hon. Sir Ughtred James Kay-Shuttleworth.
{457a} Some experiments on a farm of two acres.
{457b} Letters of Matthew Arnold, collected and arranged by George W. E. Russell.
{468} Mr. Nicholls is the Mr. Macarthey of _Shirley_. Here is the reference which not unnaturally gratified him:--'Perhaps I ought to remark that, on the premature and sudden vanishing of Mr. Malone from the stage of Briarfield parish . . . there came as his successor, another Irish curate, Mr. Macarthey. I am happy to be able to inform you, _with truth_, that this gentleman did as much credit to his country as Malone had done it discredit; he proved himself as decent, decorous, and conscientious, as Peter was rampant, boisterous, and--(this last epithet I choose to suppress, because it would let the cat out of the bag). He laboured faithfully in the parish; the schools, both Sunday and day-schools, flourished under his sway like green bay-trees. Being human, of course he had his faults; these, however, were proper, steady-going, clerical faults: the circumstance of finding himself invited to tea with a dissenter would unhinge him for a week; the spectacle of a Quaker wearing his hat in the church, the thought of an unbaptized fellow-creature being interred with Christian rites--these things could make strange havoc in Mr. Macarthey's physical and mental economy; otherwise he was sane and rational, diligent and charitable.'--_Shirley_, chap. xxxvii.
{469} John Stuart Mill, who, however, attributed the authorship of this article to his wife.
{491} The Nusseys.
{495} The Rev. George Sowden, vicar of Hebden Bridge, Halifax, and honorary canon of Wakefield, is still alive.
INDEX
ABBOTSFORD, 453-4.
Academy of Arts Royal, 14, 15, 124.
_Agnes Grey_--its publication, 161, 184, 331, 332; reprint, 364, 365; Charlotte on, 162, 336, 337, 388; value of, 181.
Ahaderg, County Down, 28.
Alexander, Miss, 468.
Ambleside, 126, 205, 442, 454, 457.
_Amy Herbert_, 260.
Antwerp, 102.
Appleby, 285, 287.
Arnold, Matthew, 145, 457, 458, 459.
Arnold, Dr., 263, 400, 442, 454, 456, 457, 458, 459.
Arnold, Mrs. Thomas, 456, 458.
_Athanaeum_, 178, 334, 340, 404, 408, 431, 459.
Atkinson, Mr., 211, 312, 313.
_Atlas_, 414, 415.
Austen, Jane, 399, 445.
Aylott & Jones, 325-9, 331.
BANGOR, 491.
'Beck, Madame.' _See_ Heger, Madame.
Bedford, Mr., 40, 47.
Bell, Rev. Alan, 465.
Bell Chapel, Thornton, 56.
_Bengal Hurkaru_, 362.
Bennoch, Francis, 491.
Bernard-Beere, Mrs., 164.
_Berwick Warder_, 165.
Bierly, 47.
Birch-Pfeiffer, Charlotte, 164.
Birrell, Augustine, 29, 30.
Birstall, 3, 107, 116, 210, 214, 224, 239, 261, 312, 457.
'Black Bull,' Haworth, 143, 361.
_Blackwood's Magazine_, 121, 139, 141, 147.
Blake Hall, 84, 149, 182, 296.
Blanche, Mdlle., 114, 117.
Bolitho, Sons, & Co, 103.
_Bombay Gazette_, 323.
Borrow's _Bible in Spain_, 189.
Bowling Green Inn, Bradford, 106.
Bradford, 41, 42, 46, 51, 58, 124, 150, 206, 211, 284, 292.
_Bradford Observer_, 168, 407.
_Bradford Review_, 54.
Bradley, Rev. Richard, 291.
Branwells of Cornwall, 30.
Branwell, Anne, 34.
Branwell, Charlotte, 33, 34.
Branwell, Eliza, 217.
Branwell, Elizabeth, 34, 51, 52, 61, 92, 96, 102, 103-4, 105, 112, 147.
Branwell, John, 217.
Branwell, Joseph, 34, 491.
Branwell, Margaret, 34.
Branwell, Maria. _See_ Bronte, Mrs.
Branwell, Thomas, 33.
Branty, 28.
Braxborne, 395.
Bremer, Frederika, 187.
'Bretton Mrs.' _See_ Smith, Mrs.
Brewster, Sir David, 268, 463.
Briery, Windermere, 5.
Britannia, 358.
'Brocklehurst Mr.' _See_ Wilson, Carus.
Bromsgrove, 134.
Bronte, Anne Chapter VII., 181-203 birth, 51; baptism, 56, 57; at Haworth, 60; as governess, 19, 88, 90, 97, 112, 128, 150, 296; at Brussels, 128; at Scarborough, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201; in Miss Branwell's will, 103; and Charlotte, 113, 159, 352; as Emily's chum, 120, 144, 145, 147, 148; and Miss Nussey, 160, 182-4, 208, 209, 219, 307; and the Misses Robinson, 137, 182, 288; and Mr. Weightman, 286; her dog (_see_ Flossie); her drawings, 67; her letters, 144; her unpublished MSS, 25, 61, 62, 71-2, 144; her novels (see _Agnes Grey_ and _The Tenant of Wildfell Hall_) her poems, 325-331; her portrait, 123; her illness and death, 175, 176, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 262, 281, 393, 439, 440, 467; her grave, 203.
Bronte, Branwell Chapter V., 120-143; birth, 51, 123; baptism, 57; at school, 123, 290, 291; at the Royal Academy of Arts, 14, 15, 124; at Luddenden Foot, 127, 147, 148, 150, 152; in his aunt's will, 103, 104, 105; and Anne, 154; and Charlotte, 25, 81, 92, 93, 119, 120, 121, 122, 131, 140, 141; Charlotte's letters to, 112-14, 115, 120, 239; and Emily, 142; and his father, 137, 138, 139, 142, 465; and Hartley Coleridge, 125-7; and F. H. Grundy, 128; Jane Eyre, 14, 143; and Miss Nussey, 106, 219; and the Robinsons, 18, 19, 112, 128, 129-31, 136, 137, 182; his sketches, 14, 67, 123; his writings, 72, 73, 123, 125-7; his translation of Horace, 126; his portrait, 138; his character, 124; his idleness, 133, 134, 135, 137; his death, 61, 138-41, 165, 191.
Bronte, Charlotte birth, 51; baptism, 57; her place at the Haworth dinner-table, 60; childhood, 56-73; her father (_see_ Bronte, Patrick) her mother (_see_ Bronte, Mrs. Patrick) her sisters (_see_ Bronte, Anne; Bronte, Emily; _Agnes Grey_; _Tenant of Wildfell Hall_; _Wuthering Heights_) her brother (_see_ Bronte, Branwell) her school life (_see_ Wooler, Margaret; Cowan Bridge; and Roe Head) her school friends (_see_ Nussey, Ellen; Taylor, Mary) at the Sidgwicks' (_q.v._), 79-84; at the Whites' (_q.v._), 85-94; at Brussels (_see_ Heger M. and Madame; Jenkins, Rev. Mr.; The _Professor_; _Villette_; Wheelwright, Laetitia); in London, 14, 107, 214, 268, 270, 416, 417-28; her father's curates, 280-92 (_see also_ De Renzi, Rev. Mr.; Nicholls, Rev. A. B.; Smith, Rev. Peter Augustus; Weightman, Rev. W.; and _Shirley_) her lovers, 293-324 (_see also_ Nicholls, Rev. A. B.; Nussey, Rev. Henry; Taylor, James) her literary ambitions, 325-369; her unpublished literary work, 61-7, 68; her published work (see _Jane Eyre_, _The Professor_, _Shirley_, _Villette_, _Poems_); her publishers (_see_ Aylott & Jones, Newby, and Smith Elder & Co); her literary friendships, 429-463 (_see also_ Gaskell, Mrs.; Martineau, Harriet; Smith, George; Thackeray, W. M.; Williams, W. S.); her critics (_see_ Eastlake, Lady; Kingsley, Charles; Lewes, G. H.; and various periodicals); her marriage, 8, 261, 464, 491 (_see_ Nicholls, Rev. A. B.); her appearance, 22, 74, 293, 457; her death, 500; her grave, 54, 500; her will, 24, 500; her biography, 1-26 (_see also_ Gaskell, Mrs.; Grundy, F. H.; Leyland, F. A.; Nussey, Ellen; Reid, Sir Wemyss); her portrait, 123, 294; on affection for her family, 88; on children, 376-8, 381; on female friendships, 205; on governessing, 84, 228, 382; on ladies' college, 277; on women in the professions, 378, 382, 395, 396; on marriage, 261, 295-6, 298, 303, 304-6, 307, 310, 383, 394, 493, 494; on spinsters, 134; on men, 199, 490; on authors and bookmakers, 165; on her critics, 176, 269; on lionising, 266, 270; on literary coteries, 270, 353, 389, 399; on money rewards of literature, 275; on the art of biography, 385; on her heroes, 345; on the French, 411; on French politics, 343, 373; on war, 264; on Shakespeare-acting, 270; on dancing, 211; on the Bible, 213, 216; on religion, 140, 166, 193, 211; on the value of work, 203, 396.
Bronte, Elizabeth, 51, 56, 74, 358.
Bronte, Emily Chapter VI, 144-180; birth, 51; baptism, 57; at Haworth, 59, 60; her childhood, 74; her school days, 145; as a teacher, 15, 145; at Brussels, 97, 100, 102, 111, 133, 145; as Anne's chum, 120, 144; in Miss Branwell's will, 103; and the French newspapers, 241; Charlotte's letters to, 25, 91, 114, 116, 117, 119; her religion, 14, 100, 145; her portrait, 123-4; her likeness to G. H. Lewes, 432; her messages to Miss Nussey, 160-1, 208, 209; her dog (_see_ Keeper); her sketches, 67, 154, 157; her unpublished writings, 61, 62, 70, 146, 148, 150-2; her novel (see _Wuthering Heights_); her poetry, 144, 154, 325-31; her illness and death, 165, 166-75, 186, 345; her character, 60, 111, 112, 144, 146, 167, 177; Matthew Arnold on, 145; Charlotte on, 4, 165, 337; Sydney Dobell on, 145; A. Mary F. Robinson on, 121, 122; Swinburne on, 146; Dr. Wright on, 157, 158;
Bronte, Hugh, 55, 158.
Bronte, Maria, 51, 56, 57, 74, 404.
Bronte, Museum, 23.
Bronte, name, 29.
Bronte, Rev. Patrick Chapter 1, 27-55 his pedigree, 28-9, 157, 158; at Cambridge, 28, 97; at Weatherfield, 29-30; at Hartshead, 30-51, 56; at Thornton, 51; goes to Haworth, 51; his courtship, 25, 30-51; his marriage, 30, 51; his wife (_see_ Bronte, Mrs. Patrick); his church, 56 (_see also_ Haworth) his curates, 280-292; his home, 56; his study, 60, 61; his children at home, 60-2; takes his children to school, 74; his view of his daughters' literary successes, 52; and Miss Branwell, 51, 104; and his son, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142; and Charlotte, 31, 161, 209, 222, 229, 264, 267, 271; Charlotte's letters to, 5, 419, 423, 451-2, 454, 461, 463, 471; and Charlotte's biography, 2, 3, 9-12, 16, 17, 31, 67; and Charlotte's wedding, 261 (_see also_ Nicholls Rev. A. B.); and Emily, 147, 175, 193; and Mary Burder, 29, 30; and Rev. A. B. Nicholls, 28, 54, 55, 292, 474, 475-6, 477, 481, 485, 487; and Miss Nussey, 11, 12, 159, 183, 211, 237; and Flossy's death, 230; and James Taylor, 309; and Miss Wooler, 269, 274, 369; his gun, 28; his illnesses, 176, 184, 231, 232, 241, 272, 307, 315, 451, 470, 482, 484; his poems, 32; his character, 52, 53; his recluse habits, 186, 308; Mrs. Gaskell's view of, 16, 27; his death, 54, 501; his will, 55.
Bronte, Mrs. Patrick--her pedigree, 33; her love letters, 25, 31-51; her marriage, 30; her life at Haworth, 59-61; her portrait, 34.
Bronte, pedigree, 28, 358.
Brook, Mrs., 284, 296.
Brookfield, Mrs., 421, 422.
Brookroyd, 10, 15, 85, 93, 94, 105, 106, 119, 131, 174, 206, 211, 213, 214, 219, 222, 224, 225, 242, 275, 291, 297, 477, 491, 493, 494, 499.
Brougham, John, 163.
Broughton-in-Furness, 124, 125.
Brown, John, 152, 468, 476, 479.
Brown, Martha, 18, 19, 52, 54, 55, 60, 124, 149, 151, 153, 202, 271, 319, 361, 424, 425, 426, 452, 455, 461, 462, 463, 471, 472, 474, 476, 478.
Brown, Tabby, 54, 55, 60, 149, 151, 152, 153, 202, 239, 271, 463.
Brown, William, 104.
Browning, Mrs., 270, 434.
Bruntee, 29.
Brunty, 29.
Brussels, 3, 14, 21, 25, 26, 52, 84, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96-119, 120, 128, 133, 150, 159, 160, 218, 287, 290, 307, 440.
Bunsen, Chevalier, 456.
Burder, Miss Mary, 29, 30.
Burnet, Rev. Dr., Vicar of Bradford, 54.
'Burns, Helen.' _See_ Bronte Maria.
Burns, Robert, 127, 392.
Butterfield, R, 491.
CALDWELL, JAMES, 333.
Carlisle, Earl of, 425.
Carlyle, Mrs., 421.
Carlyle, Thomas, 20, 195, 374, 380, 384, 421.
Carter family, 81.
Cartman, Rev. Dr., 54, 425.
Cartwright's mill, 22.
Catholics, Charlotte and, 116, 117, 459.
_Caxtons_, _The_, 177, 359, 444.
_Chambers' Journal_, 244, 329, 411.
Chapham, Mrs., 262.
Chappelle, M., 111.
Chesterfield, Lady, 427.
Chorley, Mr., 416.
_Christian Remembrancer_, 341, 368, 393.
_Church of England Journal_, 407.
Clanricarde, Lady, 427.
Clapham, Mr., 500.
Clapham, Mrs., 37, 182, 500.
Clergy Daughters' School, 74, 262, 356.
Colburn, Mr., 7.
Coleridge, Hartley, 125, 126.
Coleridge, S. T., 371.
Colin, M. of _L'Etoile Belge_, 111.
Collins, Mrs., 81.
_Cornhill Magazine_, 25.
_Cottage Poems_, 32.
_Cottage in the Wood_, 32, 33.
_Courier_, 339.
Coverley Church, 37.
Cowan Bridge, 3, 18, 63, 74, 75, 145, 263, 358.
Crackenthorp, 285.
_Cranford_, 1.
'Crimsworth', 100.
_Critic_, 178, 191, 329, 334, 434.
Crosstone Parsonage, 67, 104, 217.
Crowe, Mrs., 421.
Crystal Palace, 268, 425, 461, 463.
Curates at Haworth, 118, 280-292.
Curie's Homoeopathy, 171.
'DAILY NEWS', 18, 356, 357, 431.
Davenport, Mrs., 463.
_David Copperfield_, 397.
De Quincey, Thomas, 330.
Derby, 441.
De Renzi, Rev. Mr., 291, 292, 483.
Devonshire, Duke of, 53.
Dewsbury, 30.
Dewsbury Moor, 75, 77, 78, 79, 91, 92, 145, 215, 260, 262.
Dickens, Charles, 199, 270, 397, 410.
Dickenson, Lowes, 372.
_Die Waise von Lowood_, 164.
Dilke, C. W., 338, 408.
Dixon, George, 107, 219, 240, 251.
Dixon Miss Mary, 107, 119, 219.
Dobell, Sydney, 145, 366.
Dobsons of Bradford, 41.
'Donne, Mr.' _See_ Grant Rev. Mr.
Donnington, 294, 295.
Douro, Marquis of, 62, 66, 67, 68, 70.
Drury, Rev. Mr., 111.
_Dublin Review_, 361.
_Dublin University Magazine_, 329, 334, 438.
Dury, Caroline, 285.
Dury, Rev. Theodore, 104.
Dyson, Harriet, 449.
EARNLEY RECTORY, 87, 281, 297.
Eastlake, Lady, 158, 190, 347, 348, 349, 350, 397.
Easton, 299.
Eckermann's _Goethe_, 397, 431.
_Economist_, 178, 346, 358.
Edinburgh, Charlotte in, 452, 453, 454.
_Edinburgh Guardian_, 402.
_Edinburgh Review_, 361, 407, 418.
_Edward Orland_, 251.
Ellesmere, Earl of, 463.
Elliott, Mrs., 422.
Elliotson, Dr., 172.
Ellis, Mrs., 418.
'Emanuel Paul.' _See_ Heger, M.
Emerson, 176, 189, 391.
_Emma_, 24, 399.
Epps, Dr., 173.
_Esmond_, 275, 276, 403.
Euston Square, 107.
_Examiner_, 357, 358, 375, 388, 414, 415, 441, 459.
Exeter Hall, 355.
_Experience of Life_, 275.
Eyre, Joan, 221.
Eyre, Robert (died 1459), 221.
'FAIR CAREW, THE', 402.
_Fanny Hervey_, 177.
'Fanshawe, Ginevra.' _See_ Miller, Maria.
Fawcets of Bradford, 41.
Fennell, Rev. John, 30, 34, 36, 37, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, 56, 57, 67, 104, 217.
Fennell, Jane (Mrs. Morgan), 34, 37, 49, 50.
Fielding, Henry, 407.
Filey, 471.
_First Performance_, _The_, 445.
Fitzwilliam, Earl, 206.
Fleeming, W. Lowe, 95.
Flossie, jun., 159, 288, 289.
Flossy, the dog, 135, 151, 152, 153, 154, 179, 184, 202, 230, 288, 428, 452, 471, 478, 497.
Forbes, Dr., 172, 187, 192, 398, 425.
Forcade, Eugene, 344, 359.
Forster, John, 357, 416.
Fonblanque, Mr., 357, 406.
_Fraser's Magazine_, 16, 121, 329, 339, 405, 433, 435.
GARRS, NANCY, 17, 52.
Garrs, Sarah, 17.
Gaskell Mrs--the biography of Charlotte Bronte, 1-26; its hiatuses and blunders, 31, 34, 39, 49, 61, 97, 103, 104, 120, 294, 325; on Branwell, 18, 103, 104, 123; Charlotte on, 4, 277; visited by Charlotte, 7, 367, 369, 458, 461, 462, 463, 488; visits Charlotte, 6, 8; and Charlotte's wedding, 491; on Emily, 14, 145; and Patrick, 2, 3, 9, 10, 12, 16, 17, 27, 31, 67; and M. Heger, 14, 108; and Kingsley, 16; and Lewes, 432; and Rev. A. B. Nicholls, 2, 9, 12, 17, 18, 465; and Miss Nussey, 9, 15, 24, 204; and the Robinsons, 18-20, 129, 130; and Mary Taylor, 21, 257, 259; and Thackeray, 428; and Frank Williams, 322; and Rev. Carus Wilson, 18; Miss Wooler on, 278; _Cranford_, 1; _Mary Barton_, 4, 188; _North and South_, 498.
Gaskell, Miss Meta, 8, 14.
Gaskell, Rev. W, 8, 19, 130.
Gawthorpe Hall, 446, 447, 448.
George Lovel, 445.
Gibson, Mrs., 278.
_Gleneden's Dream_, 154-7.
Glenelg, Lord, 463.
_Globe_, 358.
Godwin, William, 195.
Goethe, 353, 397, 420, 431, 432.
Gomersall, 238, 239, 260.
_Gondaland Chronicles_, 146, 147, 150, 153, 154.
Gorham, Mary, 244.
Grant, Rev. Mr., 118, 119, 290, 291, 468, 478, 481, 484, 492.
Greenwood, J, 82, 362, 363.
Growler, dog, 154.
Grundy's _Pictures of the Past_, 121, 127, 128, 142, 293.
Guizot, 373, 374.
HABERGHAM, 498.
Halifax, 15, 145, 159, 206, 277, 287.
Hardy, Mr., 42.
Hare's _Guesses at Truth_, 397, 431.
Harris, Miss, 91.
Harris, Alexander, 168, 188, 195, 199, 440.
Harrison, Thomas, 324.
Hartshead, 30, 34, 36, 38, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 56.
Hathersage, 152, 160, 183, 220, 222, 223, 297.
Hausse, Mdlle., 114, 442.
Haworth--church, 28, 54, 56, 58; curates, 280-92; library, 243; museum, 23; parsonage, 51, 59, 201, 396, 415, 433; 'Lodge of the Three Graces', 124; village in 1828, 58; villagers, 17, 18, 355; Mrs. Gaskell and, 3, 8, 10; _see also_ Nicholls, Nussey, Taylor, Williams.
Haxby, 291.
Hazlitt, William, 371.
Heald, Canon, 443.
Heald, Mary, 167, 215, 444.
Heald, Harriet, 444.
Heap, Mrs., 284.
'Heathcliffe', 414.
Heaton, Robert, 58.
Hebden Bridge, 54, 58, 495.
Heckmondwike, v, 260.
Heger, Dr., 26.
Heger, M., 14, 108, 96-219.
Heger, Madame, 14, 99, 101, 102, 107, 108, 109, 111, 113, 114, 115.
Heger's Pensionnat, 96-119, 239, 243, 279.
Helps's _Friends in Council_, 354, 431.
Hero, the hawk, 147, 151.
Herschel, Sir John, 360, 374, 406.
Hervey, Fanny, 177, 346.
Hewitt, Mrs., 499.
Hexham, 90.
Hoby, Miss, 81.
Hodgson Rev. Mr., 280, 302.
Homoeopathy, 169, 171, 172, 194.
Horne, R. H., 400, 405, 434, 435.
Hornsea, 274.
Hotel Clusyenaar, 101.
Houghton. _See_ Milnes, Monckton.
Howitt, Mary, 393.
Howitt, William, 359.
Hunsworth, 219, 220, 223, 224, 243.
Hunt, Leigh, 195, 338, 371, 406.
Hunt, Thornton, 449.
Hyde, Dr. Douglas, 29.
Hydropathy, 194, 401.
ILKLEY, 13, 277.
_Illustrated London News_, 441.
_Imitation_ of Thomas a Kempis, 30, 31.
Ingham, Mrs., 84, 182.
'Ingram, Miss', 350.
Ireland, 28, 89, 90, 157, 183, 290, 465, 493.
'Ireland, An adventure in', 64-6.
'JANE EYRE,' authorship, 170, 349, 379, 404, 408; inception, 33, 74, 190, 221, 372; where written, 61; manuscript of, 333; publication, 332; preface, 161, 350, 353; dedication, 403, 408; reprint, 198; proposed illustration of, 342-3; in French, 373, 374; reception, 2, 141, 158, 178, 338-42, 344, 346, 350, 356, 362, 363, 376, 404, 405, 410, 433, 435, 446; dramatised, 162-4; Cowan Bridge controversy, 18; 'Brocklehurst', 18, 245, 339; 'Helen Burns', 56, 404; 'Miss Ingram', 350; 'Mrs. Read', 52; 'Rochester', 162, 405, 409, 410, 414; 'Mrs. Rochester', 339, 408; Charlotte on, 189, 335, 336; Branwell on, 143; Hugh Bronte on, 158; Kingsley on, 16; Mary Taylor on, 245, 252.
Jannoy, Hortense, 115.
Japp's _De Quincey Memorials_, 330.
_Jar of Honey_, 161.
Jenkins, Rev. Mr., 92, 93, 97, 98, 99, 111, 116.
Jerrold, Douglas, 374.
_John Bull_, 386.
'John, Dr.' _See_ Smith, George.
Johnson, Dr., 395.
Jolly, Rev. J, 56.
_Journal from Cornhill_ etc, 188, 320.
'Jupiter', 311-12.
KAVANAGH, JULIA, 7, 168, 170, 189, 199, 203, 338, 340, 363, 400, 411, 432.
Kavanagh, M.P., 168.
Keats, 371.
Keene, Laura, 163.
Keeper, the dog, 61, 91, 147, 149, 152, 153, 154, 179, 180, 202, 428.
Keighley, 58, 106, 281, 291, 429, 431.
_Kenilworth_, 200.
Keyworth, Rev. Thomas, 221.
Kingsley, Charles, 16, 18.
Kingston, Anne, 104.
Kingston, Elizabeth Jane, 103, 105.
Kirk-Smeaton, 483, 490.
Kirkstall Abbey, 39, 45.
Knowles, Sheridan, 445.
LAMARTINE, 402.
Lamb, Charles, 263.
Lamb, Mary, 263.
Lang's _Lockhart_, 350.
Lawry, Mrs., of Muswell Hill, 25.
_Leader_, 459, 460.
Leeds, 49, 107, 127, 206, 359.
_Leeds Mercury_, 31.
Lewes, George Henry, 338, 339, 345, 355, 356, 358, 361, 400, 406, 407, 410, 418, 432, 433, 435, 445, 450, 468.
Leyland's _Bronte Family_, 19, 23, 121, 122, 138, 143.
Liege, 240.
Lille, 97, 98.
Lind, Jenny, 400, 416.
Lockhart, J. G., 1, 348, 350.
London. _See_ Bronte, Charlotte, in London.
London Bridge Wharf, 107.
Londonderry, Marchioness of, 427.
Louis Philippe, 373, 374.
'Lowood School', 190, 339.
Luddenden Foot, 127, 147, 150, 152.
Luddite Riots, 206.
Lynn, Eliza, 170, 172.
Lyttleton's _Advice to a Lady_, 51.
Lytton Bulwer, 170, 177, 359, 392, 414, 426.
'MACARTHEY, MR.' _See_ Nicholls.
Macaulay's _History_, 187, 229.
Macdonald, Frederika, 109.
_Macmillan's Magazine_, 25.
Macready, the actor, 270, 416, 423.
_Madeline_, 168, 170, 189.
_Maid of Killarney_, 32, 33.
'Malone, Mr.' _See_ Smith Rev. Peter A.
Manchester, 17, 241, 349, 369, 462, 463, 491.
Marsh, Mrs., 333, 404.
Martineau, Harriet, 4, 5, 6, 17, 25, 205, 251, 255, 278, 312, 313, 366, 368, 416, 442, 445, 454, 455, 456, 457, 459, 460, 469, 473.
Martineau, Rev. James, 128.
_Mary Barton_, 4, 188.
Marzials, Madame, 98.
Mayers, H. S., 203.
Meredith, George, 370.
Merrall, E, 491.
Merrall, H, 491.
Miles, Rev. Oddy, 58.
Mill, John Stuart, 469.
Miller, Maria (Mrs. Robertson), 101.
Mills, Mrs., 91.
Milnes, Monckton, 422, 425, 491.
Mirabeau, 384-85.
Mirfield, 81, 261.
_Mirror_, 142, 407, 410, 435.
Miry Shay, near Bradford, 38.
_Miss Miles_, 259.
_Mrs. Leicester's School_, 263.
_Modern Painters_, 195, 387.
Moore's _Life_, 402.
_Moorland Cottage_, 5.
More, Dr., 261.
Morgan, Lady, 270.
Morgan, Mrs., 277.
Morgan, Rev. William, 34, 38, 44, 49, 56, 57, 478, 491.
Morley, 58.
Morley, John, 370.
_Morning Chronicle_, 205, 375, 380.
_Morning Herald_, 167, 168, 177, 340.
_Morning Post_, 434.
Morrison, Alfred, 325.
Morton Village, 221.
Mossman, Miss, 243.
Muhl, Mdlle., 114.
NAPOLEON, 375.
National Gallery, 387, 423.
Near and Far Oxenhope, 58.
Nelson, Lord, 29, 73, 127, 358.
Newby, Thomas Cautley, 162, 171, 172, 244, 331, 336, 337, 354, 364, 365, 388, 415.
_Newcastle Guardian_, 407.
Newman, Cardinal, 363.
Newton & Robinson, 130.
Nicholls, Rev. A. B. Chapter XVII, 464-502; birth, 465; character, 501; Charlotte refers to, 426, 428, 466, 467, 469, 470, 475, 476, 480, 489, 499; Mrs. Gaskell's view of, 464; and Rev. Patrick Bronte, 28, 54, 55, 292, 474, 475, 476, 477, 481, 485, 487; wooing of Charlotte, 472, 473, 475, 476, 480; marriage with Charlotte, 490-1; marriage with Miss Bell, 501; his study at Haworth, 61; in Ireland, 183, 465, 467, 501; on Charlotte's letters, 494; and Mrs. Gaskell's biography, 2, 9, 10-12, 13, 17; and _Charlotte Bronte and her Circle_, v, 24, 97, 160, 332; and Cowan Bridge controversy, 18; his relics of the Brontes, 123-4, 138, 154, 181, 403.
Nicholls, Mrs. A. B. (_secunda_), 501.
Nicoll, Dr. Robertson, v.
Noel, Baptist, 218.
Norfolk, Duchess of, 427.
_North American Review_, 169.
_North British Review_, 313, 346.
Nussey, Ellen Chapter VIII, 204-233; her pedigree, 206; at school, 76, 234, 261, 264; at Haworth, 59, 60, 61, 158, 273, 274, 276, 299; in Sussex, 271, 272; visited by Charlotte, 239, 301; help to Mrs. Gaskell, 9-15, 24, 145; _The Story of Charlotte Bronte's Life_, 23, 25; recollections of Anne, 203; recollections of Emily, 178-180; recollections of Miss Wooler, 261; Charlotte's admiration for, 300; Mary Taylor on, 249, 250; letters from Anne, 182-4; letters from Charlotte, v, 76-86, 89-95, 98, 102, 105-7, 116, 119, 131-2, 134-8, 166, 173, 191, 196, 206-32, 237-8, 240-4, 254, 281-91, 295-7, 302-7, 310-2, 314-9, 321, 322, 360, 367, 401, 417, 419, 429, 430, 432, 443, 446, 448-50, 452, 457, 462, 465-9, 472-500; letter from Emily, 160; letter from Canon Heald, 443; letter from Martha Taylor, 240; letter from Mary Taylor, 256, 258.
Nussey, George, 85, 86, 89.
Nussey, Rev. Henry, 87, 119, 160, 221, 294-301.
Nussey, Mrs. Henry, 220, 222, 223.
Nussey, John, 206.
Nussey, Mrs., 208, 222, 275.
Nussey, Mercy, 89, 94, 141, 222, 226.
Nussey, Richard, 89.
Nussey, Sarah, 89.
OAKWORTH, 291.
_Observer_, 335, 431.
O'Callaghan Castle, 64-6.
O'Prunty, Patrick, 29.
_Orion_, 434, 435.
Orleans, Duchess of, 427.
Outhwaite, Miss, 181, 197.
_Oxford Chronicle_, 339.
PADIHAM, 498.
'Pag.' _See_ Taylor, Mary.
_Palladium_, 310, 364, 366, 367.
Paris, Charlotte and, 96, 153.
Pascal's _Thoughts_, 397.
Patchet, Miss, 145, 149.
Paxton, Sir Joseph, 54.
Payn, James, 370.
_Pendennis_, 172.
Penzance, 30, 33, 34, 51, 103, 105, 217.
Perry, Miss, 422.
Phillips, George Searle, 142.
Pickles, J, 491.
Poems by the sisters--in manuscript, 68-72; Aylott & Jones's edition, 325-331, 334, 348.
_Poor Relations_, 164.
Port Nicholson, N.Z., 239.
Portraits--of Anne, 181; of Branwell, 138; of Charlotte, 123, 294; of Emily, 123.
Postlethwaite, Mr., 124.
_Prelude_, Wordsworth's, 7.
Price, Rev. Mr., 302-3.
Procter, Mrs., 408, 422.
_Professor_, _The_--its inception, 99, 100, 101; where written, 61; the manuscript, 332; seeking a publisher, 331, 332, 372; its publication, 275, 335; Charlotte on, 336; Mrs. Gaskell's proposed recasting of, 465.
Prunty, 157.
Puseyite struggle, 368, 400.
'QUARTERLY REVIEW', 158, 176, 190, 195, 347, 348, 350, 351, 352, 393, 397, 408, 410, 412.
RAILWAY PANIC, 133.
Rands of Bradford, 41.
_Ranthorpe_, 411, 432.
Rawson, Mr., 42.
Read, Mrs. _See_ Branwell, Elizabeth.
Redhead, Rev. Mr., 17.
Redman, Joseph, 55, 479.
Reform Bill, 121.
Reid, Sir Wemyss, vi, 23, 24.
'Reuter, Mdlle. Zoraide.' _See_ Heger, Madame.
Revue des deux Mondes, 344, 345, 361.
Richmond's portrait of Charlotte, 294.
Rigby, Miss. _See_ Eastlake, Lady.
Ringrose, Miss, 135, 225, 227.
Ritchie, Mrs. Richmond, 420-23.
'Rivers, St John', 245.
Robertson, Mr. ('Helstone'), 430, 443.
Robinson, Rev. Edmund, 18, 129, 136, 146, 148.
Robinson, Mrs. Edmund, 18, 19, 128, 129, 130, 136, 137, 182.
Robinson, Edmund jun., 112, 129.
Robinson, Misses, 137, 154, 182, 288.
Robinson, William, of Leeds, 123.
Robinson's _Emily Bronte_, 121, 122.
'Rochester', 162, 405, 409, 410, 414.
'Rochester, Mrs.', 339, 408.
Roe Head, 14, 15, 62, 63, 75, 76, 113, 120, 145, 182, 204, 206, 209, 213, 260, 261, 269, 293.
Rogers, Samuel, 463.
Rouse Mill, 215.
Ruddock, Dr., 231, 232.
'Rue Fossette.' _See_ Rue d'Isabelle.
Rue d'Isabelle, 99, 100, 107, 108, 111, 117.
_Rural Minstrel_, 32.
Ruskin, John, 195, 371, 387, 429.
Ruskin John James, 371.
Russell, Lord John, 400.
Rydings, 206, 212.
S. GUDULE, 117.
St. John's College, Cambridge, 28, 97.
Samplers worked by the Branwells, 34; by the Brontes, 56, 57, 181.
Saunders, Rev. Moses, 58.
Scarborough, 147, 148, 197, 198, 200, 203, 219, 221, 233, 271, 272.
_Scotsman_, 337.
Scott, Sir Walter, 1, 199, 208, 429.
Sewell, Elizabeth, 260.
Shaen, William, 130.
_Sharpe's Magazine_, 10, 452.
_Sheffield Iris_, 407.
_Shirley_, the curates of, 190, 280, 288, 291, 443, 468; other characters in, 234, 236, 238, 346; authorship of, 351, 431, 442; French in, 353; Charlotte on, 345, 351, 396, 456; Charles Kingsley on, 16; Harriet Martineau on, 4, 456; Rev. A. B. Nicholls on, 468; Mary Taylor on, 248, 251; general reception of, 178, 354, 355, 358, 360, 418, 443, 446.
Shuttleworth, Lady, 6, 446, 448, 450, 462, 463.
Shuttleworth, Sir James Kay, 3, 6, 15, 230, 255, 266, 419, 446, 447, 450, 454, 457, 458, 462, 463, 468, 473, 495, 496, 498.
Shuttleworth, Sir U. J. Kay, 446.
Sidgwicks of Stonegappe, 79-84, 112, 113, 149.
Skelton, John, 402.
_Sketch_, _The_, 111.
Skipton, 54, 58.
Smith Elder & Co, 5, 7, 9, 163, 176, 204, 271, 307, 311, 314, 331, 335, 336, 340, 370, 371, 372, 407, 408, 410.
Smith, George; and Anne, 415; and Emily, 388; and _Jane Eyre_, 198, 362, 363, 372; and _Shirley_, 178, 188, 189, 190, 351, 352, 356; and _Villette_, 366, 429; and _Wuthering Heights_, 365; sends books to Charlotte, 161, 188, 334, 384, 387, 398; meets Charlotte, 187, 419, 430-3, 441, 462; writes Charlotte, 449; and James Taylor, 315, 317, 321; and Thackeray, 403, 420-1, 427, 428; Charlotte's opinion of, 318, 364, 386, 417, 430, 445; and Charlotte's marriage, 491.
Smith, Mrs. (mother of George Smith), 417, 419, 429, 430, 450, 452, 453, 462.
Smith, Rev. Peter Augustus, 28, 118, 119, 288, 302, 465.
'Snowe, Lucy', 108, 367.
Sophia, Mdlle., 114.
Southey, 399.
Sowden, Rev. George, 54, 478, 493, 494, 495, 496, 498, 499.
Sowerby Bridge, 127.
_Spectator_, 178, 338, 344, 441.
Stanbury, 58, 59.
_Standard of Freedom_, 167, 358, 359.
Stephen, Sir James, 19.
Stephen, Leslie, 19.
Stephenson, Mr., 128.
Stonegappe, 79, 80, 82.
Stuart, Dr. J. A. Erskine, 28.
_Sun_, 177.
_Sunday Times_, 407, 435.
Sutherland, Duchess of, 424.
Swain, Mrs. John, 159.
Swarcliffe, 81-3.
'Sweeting, Rev. Mr.' _See_ Bradley.
Swinburne, A. C., on Emily, 146.
'TABLET', 405.
Talfourd's _Lamb_, 263.
Tatham, Mr., 37.
Taylor, Ellen, 132, 136, 243, 244, 252, 254.
Taylor, George, 104, 491.
Taylor, Henry, 245, 254.
Taylor, James appearance, 309; history, 307, 323-24; illness, 177, 360; at Haworth, 308, 314; Charlotte on, 310-11, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 321, 322, 392, 430, 462; Charlotte's letters to, 309, 313, 319, 345, 354, 442, 456, 458; his opinion of _Shirley_, 355, 393; and Mrs. Gaskell's biography, 9; his marriage, 324; his death, 324.
Taylor, Mrs. James, 324.
Taylor, Jessie, 236.
Taylor, Joe, 243.
Taylor, John, 243.
Taylor, Joshua, 25.
Taylor, Louisa, 394, 395.
Taylor, Martha, 87, 96, 97, 98, 102, 235, 240, 433.
Taylor, Mr., father of Mary Taylor, 236, 238, 251.
Taylor, Mary Chapter IX, 234-259; at school, 9, 261; in Brussels, 91, 92, 96, 98, 239; in New Zealand, 85, 132, 220, 238, 241-59, 290; illness of, 78, 84; letters to Charlotte, 210, 244-52, 254-56, 419; description of Charlotte, 293; Charlotte and, 77, 90, 131, 196, 207, 212, 223, 232, 306; and Mrs. Gaskells biography, 9, 21-3, 259; Miss Nussey's description of, 234-37.
Taylor, Rose, 236.
Taylor & Hessey, 371.
Taylor Waring, 239, 240, 252, 253.
Taylor Yorke, 236.
Teale, Mr., 187, 194.
'Temple, Miss', 339.
_Tenant of Wildfell Hall_, writing of, 364; publication, 184; reception of, 387, 412; its value, 181.
Tennyson's _Poems_, 189.
Thackeray, William Chapter XV, 403-428; on Charlotte, 25, 403, 428; on _Jane Eyre_, 404, 406, 408; _Jane Eyre_ dedicated to, 403, 408; compared to Charlotte, 348-49, 408; visited by Charlotte, 416, 418, 420-3, 441; sends _Vanity Fair_ to Charlotte, 1, 403; his illness, 356; his illustrations, 342; his lectures, 403, 427; Charlotte on, 172, 177, 188, 199, 270, 275, 276, 319, 320, 333, 340, 343, 362, 374, 391, 404, 406, 411, 412, 419, 423; Lady Eastlake on, 348; Charles Kingsley on, 16; his friendship with W. S. Williams, 371.
Thackeray, Mrs., 408.
Thiers, 373, 374, 375.
Thomas, R, 491.
Thornton, 3, 51, 56, 123, 181.
Thorp Green, 112, 128, 146, 148, 150, 152, 182.
_Three Paths_, 168.
Tiger, 151, 152.
Tighe, Rev. Mr., 28.
_Times_, 18, 129, 130, 362, 441.
Tootill, John, 104.
Trollope, Mrs., 270, 407, 409.
Truelock, Miss, 422.
Turner, J. M. W., 270, 371, 387, 423.
UPPERWOOD HOUSE, RAWDON, 85-94, 96, 238.
'VANITY FAIR', 1, 172, 349, 403, 411, 412, 413.
'Verdopolis', 123.
Vernon, Solala, 149.
_Victorian Magazine_, 259.
Victoria, Queen, 426, 427.
_Villette_--its inception, 96, 99, 100, 101, 111, 116, 420; publication, 277; its reception, 279, 366, 367; George Smith and, 204, 429; in Brussels, 109; confession, incident in, 116.
Vincent, Mr., 304.
Voltaire's _Henriade_, 76.
WAINWRIGHT, Mrs., 54.
Walker, Reuben, 206.
Walton, Miss Agnes, 282, 283, 285.
Watman, Rev. Mr., 37.
Watt's _Improvement of the Mind_, 182.
Weatherfield, Essex, 29, 30.
_Weekly Chronicle_, 358, 404.
Weightman, Rev. William, 86, 92, 102, 128, 179, 183, 284-7, 289, 306, 467.
Wellesley, Lord Charles, 62, 69.
Wellington, Duke of, 62, 63, 455.
Wellington, N. Z., 21, 245, 247, 249, 250, 258.
Wells's _Joseph and his Brethren_, 371.
Wesley, John, 30, 31.
Westerman, Mrs., 444.
Westminster, Marquis of, 463.
_Westminster Review_, 205, 433, 469.
Whately's _English Social Life_, 397.
Wheelwright, Dr., 100, 111, 294, 430, 469, 470, 491.
Wheelwright, Laetitia, 25, 26, 100, 101, 109, 293, 294, 440, 441, 449, 453, 460, 469, 482.
Wheelwright, Mrs., 470.
White, Sarah Louisa, 95.
Whites of Rawdon, 84-94, 96, 112, 147, 149, 152, 239.
Williams, Anna, 372.
Williams, E. Thornton, vi, 25.
Williams, Ellen, 394.
Williams, Fanny, 344, 372, 383, 384, 393, 394, 415.
Williams, Frank, 322, 402.
Williams, Louisa, 394, 395.
Williams, W. S. Chapter XIV, 370-402; discovery of Charlotte, 9; sends books to Charlotte, 429; and _The Professor_, 332; on _Wuthering Heights_, 161; Charlotte's letters to, vi, 3-7, 25, 138-141, 161-177, 185-191, 194-9, 200-3, 205, 232, 308, 321, 322, 333-67, 371-402, 404-17, 418, 420, 433-40, 444-8, 455; meets Charlotte, 318; Charlotte's description of, 430; and Charlotte's wedding, 491.
Williams, Mrs., 4, 7, 359, 362, 376, 383, 386, 390, 393, 396, 398, 415, 440, 447.
Willing, James, 164.
Wills, W. G., 164.
Wilson, Rev. Carus, 18, 75, 245, 339.
Windermere, 230, 266.
Wise, Thomas J., vi.
Wiseman, Cardinal, 461.
Wood, Mr. Butler, vi.
Wood House Grove, 34, 36, 38, 39, 41, 43, 47, 49.
Woodward, Mr., of Wellington N. Z., 249.
Wooler, Miss C., 264.
Wooler, Mr., 215.
Wooler, Mrs., 77.
Wooler, Margaret Chapter x, 260-79; her history, 260-1; her school, 75, 77, 78, 91, 92, 96, 145, 181, 214, 215, 234, 235, 284; Charlotte's letters to, 8, 132-4, 193, 199, 262-78, 367-9; Charlotte and, 87, 207, 212, 249, 262, 492; Miss Nussey on, 261-2; at the Nusseys', 477; and Mary Taylor, 234, 249, 258; and Charlotte's wedding, 487, 491; and Mrs. Gaskell, 12, 13, 14, 278.
Wordsworth, William, 7, 142, 312.
Wright's _Brontes in Ireland_, 157, 158.
_Wuthering Heights_--its inception, 157, 158, 159, 246, 414; authorship of, 122, 142, 143, 340, 342; publication of, 161, 331; reception of, 255, 350, 459; reprint of, 364, 365; its light on Emily, 144; Charlotte on, 162, 336, 337; sent to Mrs. Gaskell, 5.
YARMOUTH, 369.
Yates, W. W., vi.
York, 130, 200.
'Yorke, Rose.' _See_ Taylor Mary.
'--- of Briarmains.' _See_ Taylor, Mr., banker.
_Young Men's Magazine_, 66, 68.
ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS, 451.