Part 29

Senate of the United States, secrecy in its proceedings, IV. 16; XVIII. 9. Functions of, IV. 16; XIII. 347. Origination of appropriation bills by, a usurpation, V. 84. Cannot abrogate treaties, V. 101, 109. Usurpation of, in imprisoning a citizen, VI. 80; XIX. 133. Its powers of enforcing testimony, VI. 82 _et seq._, 89 _et seq._; XIX. 132. Cannot enforce testimony in Harper’s Ferry investigation, VI. 84-87,--in order to aid legislation, VI. 86, 91; XIX. 141. Attempt to kidnap a citizen under order of, VI. 99. Has discretionary power to expel members, VIII. 116. Limitation of debate in, VIII. 155. Order in its business, VIII. 161. Loyalty in the, VIII. 208; X. 273; XVI. 73. Should examine loyalty before administering oath, VIII. 215; XVI. 76. Sacredness of its required oath, VIII. 221. Proper despatch of business in, IX. 110. Constitutional quorum of, IX. 169; XII. 358. Representation of Virginia in, XII. 134. Limitation of its business, XV. 189. Obligations of caucuses of, XV. 189, 207-215. Privileges of debate in, on officers liable to impeachment, XV. 241, 249. Right of President of, _pro tem._, to vote on impeachment of the President, XVI. 88; authorities denying same, XVI. 90. Powers of, in trying impeachments, not judicial, XVI. 137, 228. Testimony to early want of eloquence in, XVII. 191. Consideration of treaties in open, XVIII. 9. Eligibility to: the question of inhabitancy, XVIII. 11. Cannot continue imprisonment of witnesses after end of the session, XIX. 134, 153; English and American authorities proving same, XIX. 134-140. Does not possess the prerogatives of the House of Lords, XIX. 136. Arguments and authorities against its power of arresting witnesses for violation of its privileges, XIX. 140-149. Power of, to break into telegraph-offices, XIX. 149. Parliamentary law on appointment of special committees of, XX. 45; authorities stating same, XX. 49-54, 56-59.

Senate Chamber, the: its ventilation and size, XIV. 119.

Senator of the United States, letters written during election of a, in Massachusetts, in 1851, III. 152. Acceptance of office of, III. 161; VI. 46,--incompatibility of same with other office, VIII. 105. Position of a, VIII. 118, 147. Loyalty a qualification required in a, VIII. 208; X. 276; XVI. 74 _et seq._ Is a civil officer, X. 281; authorities proving same, X. 281-289. Cannot vote for himself, XIV. 15; same proved by natural law, XIV. 16-19,--and by parliamentary law, XIV. 20. Inquiry into title of a, to his seat, XIV. 126. The first colored, XVIII. 6. Limitations on examination of a, by Senate committees, XX. 46; authorities stating same, XX. 47.

Senators, conditions precedent to reception of, from a rebel State, XII. 208. Majority or plurality in election of, XIV. 1. Mode of electing, XIV. 3 _et seq._; Chancellor Kent on same, XIV. 5. Powers of State Legislature in electing, XIV. 6-13. Open voting in election of, XIV. 105. Monuments to deceased, XIV. 299. Colored, predicted, XV. 220, 223. Constitutional responsibility of, for their votes in cases of impeachment, XVI. 227. Importance of colored, XVI. 257; XVIII. 7.

Seneca, his prophecy of a new world, XV. 256.

Separate Schools for colored children, argument against, III. 51. A violation of equality, III. 70; XIX. 241. Introduce principle of caste, III. 74. Not equivalent to common schools, III. 86-88; XIX. 3, 158, 165, 241, 261. Origin of, in Boston, III. 91-93. Evils of, III. 93-96; XIX. 241-244.

Separate System of prison discipline. See _Pennsylvania System_.

Serenade, address at a, Aug. 9, 1872, XX. 202.

Servants, indented, in America, X. 348-350; XIX. 14.

Service, substituted for “servitude” in the Constitution, III. 309; VI. 228; X. 358. See _Fugitives from service_.

Settlement, a final, union of good citizens for, IX. 187.

Sewall, Samuel, Judge, IV. 277; XV. 281. His prophecy concerning America, XV. 282-286.

Seward, William H., views of, on pensions for support of Fugitive-Slave Bill, IV. 230. His bill for admission of Kansas, V. 216. His influence on President Johnson, XIV. 198. Letter of, on surplus of Chinese indemnity fund, XVIII. 138 (_Appendix_).

Sharp, Granville, life of, as illustration of a merchant’s duties, IV. 293-323.

Shaw, Robert G., Colonel, equestrian statue of, XII. 361. Burial of, XIX. 246.

Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, on the American War, I. 326, 349. On Slavery, XII. 161. On America, XV. 406.

Sherman, John, Senator from Ohio, criticisms of, answered, IX. 99-104; X. 263-266. Reply to his criticisms in Reconstruction debate, XIV. 292-296, 313-316. Answer to his defence of appointment of San Domingo commission, XVIII. 262-264.

Shipley, Jonathan, Bishop of St. Asaph, XV. 332. His predictions concerning America, XV. 334-338.

Shipping, decay of, in United States, XVI. 289. Effect of taxation on, XVII. 243.

Ships of War, fitted out in England against United States during Rebellion, X. 27-29, 132; XVII. 65-71,--same defended in England, but condemned by United States Supreme Court, X. 29-31. Policy of United States on fitting out, as a neutral, X. 32-35; liability of England for same, X. 37-39; XVII. 89, 124,--authority proving above liability, X. 38.

Sidney, Algernon, author of motto on seal of Massachusetts, I. 94 (and _note_). On government, XIII. 155.

Slave, origin of word, II. 13. Webster’s Dictionary on original meaning of, II. 14. Deed of manumission of a, in 1776, III. 13; VII. 14. Tintoretto’s Miracle of the, III. 134 (see _note_).

Slave-Masters, number of, III. 36; V. 42; VI. 326; VII. 334. Cannot carry slaves into Territories, IV. 128 _et seq._; VI. 217-235. Refuse to work, VI. 142. Character of, VI. 162, 321 _et seq._; IX. 103,--testimony to same, VI. 163-168. Their virtues exceptional, VI. 167-323. In their relations with slaves, VI. 168-173. Their agents, VI. 173, 175. Their relations with each other, society, and government, VI. 176-196,--testimony to same, VI. 180-182, 186. Conduct of, in Congress, VI. 196-211. Unconscious of barbarism of slavery, VI. 211-214. Tourgueneff on, VI. 215. Livingstone on, VI. 216. Their success in organizing rebellion explained, VII. 335. Tax on, IX. 93. Testimony to untrustworthiness of, to legislate for freedmen, IX. 225; XIV. 211-213. Their pretension to chivalry refuted, XI. 449-460. Untrustworthiness of, proved by reason, XIV. 213. Pretensions of, in regard to slavery, XVI. 234.

Slave Power, necessity of political action against the, II. 207. Influence of, II. 211, 232, 292; III. 20, 140; V. 42; VI. 312, 325; VII. 248. Union among men of all parties against, II. 226; IV. 157. Defined, II. 229. Constitution of United States opposed to, II. 230. Its test for office, II. 232; VI. 330. Usurpations of, III. 20-22; V. 43, 66-71; VI. 328 _et seq._ Must be overthrown, IV. 262; V. 45, 71; VI. 339. Its madness, V. 57. Its aims in Kansas, V. 70, 140. Attempts to introduce slavery into free States, V. 71. Author of crime against Kansas, V. 142. Its influence over President Pierce, V. 189. Denounced, VI. 331-335. Emancipation of national government from, VII. 248.

Slave States, compared to Barbary States, II. 7; VI. 159-161,--and to free States, VI. 142-159, 328. Their ignorance, VI. 157; XIV. 336. Testimony to violence in, VI. 180-182. Freedom of press restricted in, VI. 184-187. Outrages on Northern men in, VI. 187-189, 191-196. Threat of disunion by, VII. 25, 319-321. Disunion no remedy for grievances of, VII. 33. Not unanimous in desiring disunion, VII. 34; IX. 228,--effects of same upon, VII. 35-37. Passion for slavery in, VII. 321. Webster on admission of new, IX. 124 _et seq._ Laws of, on exclusion of colored testimony, XI. 4-16; eccentric judicial decisions in, on same, XI. 17-23. See _Rebel States_.

Slave-Trade, originally a mark of progress in Africa, II. 18. In England, II. 18; XVII. 166. Sanctioned in West Indies by Charles V., II. 24. Opposition to early English efforts against, II. 285; IV. 133; V. 37; VI. 190. Resolutions against, in Danbury, Conn., in 1774, III. 14. Abolished in District of Columbia, III. 125. Compromise on, in Constitution, III. 304; VII. 318. Granville Sharp on, IV. 301. In the North in early times, no example for us, V. 148. Early support of, by England, V. 149; X. 71; XIII. 313. Final suppression of the, VIII. 336. Treaties between Great Britain and United States against, VIII. 337, 341. Efforts of United States and Europe against, VIII. 338-341,--especially of Great Britain, VIII. 339, 343; X. 74-77. Means for suppression of, defended, VIII. 344-347. Abolition of, in French, Dutch, and Spanish colonies, X. 75. Authorities on illegality of, X. 108. Abolition of the coast-wise, XII. 380. Paley’s exertions against, XV. 403. See _Right of Search_.

Slavery, the wrong of, I. 149. Decision of Chief-Justice Shaw on, I. 290, 308; XII. 146. Channing’s labors against, I. 290-293. Influence of, universal, I. 307. Cause of Mexican War, I. 307, 322, 335, 377. Exertions of Massachusetts against, I. 308; VII. 13-16, 264. Declarations of authors of Constitution against, I. 312; II. 230; III. 17, 277-280; VI. 227, 313; X. 356. Should be constitutionally repealed, I. 309. And the Mexican War, I. 333. Whigs pledged to overthrow, I. 336. R. C. Winthrop’s actions in regard to, I. 337. White, in Barbary States, II. 1. In antiquity, II. 14. A result of war, II. 16, 19. In modern times, II. 18. White, in Algiers, compared by different authorities to American, II. 63-69. The Koran on, II. 93. Milton on, II. 100; XI. 204. Black, in Barbary States, II. 101. Necessity of political action against extension of, II. 207. Condemned in East, II. 209. Lafayette’s opinions and plans concerning, II. 210; VII. 124, 126, 129, 146, 149, 157; XII. 169. No compromise with, II. 211, 234; IV. 266; VII. 204, 331; IX. 271. Union among men of all parties against extension of, II. 226. Patrick Henry on, II. 230; III. 288; XII. 150. The only important American question, II. 237; III. 12, 142, 270; V. 35, 63. Appeal to all parties against, II. 238; III. 143; IV. 5, 158. Opposition to its extension, principle of Free-Soil Party, II. 307; III. 26; but not of Whig Party, II. 307. Discussion of, cannot be silenced, III. 12, 142, 270; IV. 132; VI. 317. Illustrations of opposition to, at the time of the Revolution, III. 13-16. Not authorized by the Constitution, III. 16, 276, 296; IV. 346; VI. 314; VII. 1; XI. 186-189, 196. Evils of, III. 23; IV. 95; V. 11; VI. 126, 321; XI. 475,--Jefferson on same, III. 23; IV. 175. Extension of, threatened, III. 24. Is sectional, III. 237, 242, 267, 273; IV. 128; VI. 361. Union against sectionalism of, III. 240. Cannot exist unless specially legalized, III. 275; VI. 223; VIII. 274; X. 343; XI. 187, 236. Did not exist under national jurisdiction in 1789, III. 285; VI. 314. Opposed by government at that time, III. 286; IV. 122,--by the country, III. 288; IV. 122; VI. 314,--by the Church, III. 289; VI. 313; XII. 151-154,--and by colleges and literature, III. 291; VI. 313; XII. 149. Actions of 1st Congress in regard to, III. 293; IV. 121. Unconstitutional under national jurisdiction, III. 297, 299; V. 156; VI. 230; VIII. 265, 274-278; X. 214; XI. 195. Influence of, on national government, III. 300; IV. 122; VI. 312, 325. In England, III. 301; VIII. 278,--declared illegal in same, III. 302; IV. 313; VIII. 279. Sympathy with escapes from, III. 353. German emigrants should oppose, IV. 19. Defined, IV. 95; VI. 129. Prohibition of, in Territories, all-important, IV. 99; VI. 378,--legality of same, IV. 125; VI. 233; VII. 1. Influence of, on Northern men, IV. 131. Duke of Clarence on, IV. 134. Agitation against, not dangerous to the Union, IV. 134. Mr. Sumner’s final protest against, in Nebraska and Kansas, for himself and N. E. clergy, IV. 140. History of, in Mass., IV. 187-190; VII. 11-15; XI. 448; XII. 145. Labors of Granville Sharp against, IV. 300, 316; VIII. 279; XI. 237; XII. 161. Brougham on, IV. 315; VIII. 262. Brought before Congress by Southern members, IV. 346; VI. 375. Not sanctioned by Christianity, V. 19. Duties of the North in regard to, V. 38-48; VI. 317. A new outrage for, V. 52. Growth of opposition to, V. 81. Example of Washington against, V. 95. Macaulay on, VI. 71. Presentation of petitions against, VI. 106. The barbarism of, VI. 113, 346; VII. 1; XII. 290. Defended by Southern Senators, VI. 122. Incompatible with civilization, VI. 127. Barbarism of, shown in its laws, VI. 129, 170, 319. Five elements of, VI. 131-136, 319, 360; VIII. 263. Motive of, VI. 137, 320, 360; VIII. 263. Rousseau on, VI. 137. Origin of law of, VI. 139-142; VIII. 263. Practical results of, in slave States, VI. 142-161. Its influence on emigration and value of border lands, VI. 158. Outrages for, VI. 187-196. Conduct of slave-masters in Congressional debates on, VI. 202-211. Opinions of Calhoun and Adams on, VI. 306. Favoring influences of, in United States, VI. 314; VII. 322. Gurowski’s book on, VI. 347. Motive for extension of, VI. 354. Letter on unconstitutionality of, VII. 1. Example of Massachusetts against, VII. 5. No popular sovereignty in Territories can establish, VII. 41. Prohibited in Territories by United States Government from the first, VII. 58. The cause of the Civil War, VII. 250, 338; IX. 230, 323; X. 103; XI. 444. Must be overthrown by that war, VII. 252, 351; X. 140, 296; XI. 417, 464. Ceases legally and constitutionally on lapse of rebel States, VIII. 165; X. 215; XI. 473; XII. 266. Founded on force, VIII. 263; judicial decisions declaring same, VIII. 264. History of British intervention against, X. 71-84. Recognition of, by nations, forbidden by morality and prudence, X. 109, 110. Guaranties against, X. 295. Sources of power over, in the Constitution, XI. 190-196. Mode of overthrowing, XI. 206. Prohibition of, in foreign constitutions, XI. 226. And the Rebellion: speech, XI. 433. In American history, XI. 462. Objections to recognizing in the Union, XI. 472-476. Results of overthrowing, XI. 482. Testimony against, by American States and European countries before 1789, XII. 144-177. Lincoln on, XII. 282. Precaution against revival of, XIV. 234; XVI. 350. See _Abolition of Slavery_, _Algerine Slavery_, _Barbary States_, _Emancipation_, _Slaves_, and _Slave-Trade_.

Slavery and Freedmen, appointment of committee on, X. 271.

Slaves, sufferings of, when transferred from Northern to Southern slave States, I. 156. First brought to English colonies of North America, II. 26; VII. 8; X. 261; XI. 445. White, in Barbary States, II. 8-12, 21-101; VIII. 283-298; petitions of American, in same, quoted, II. 59, 60; VIII. 291; black, in same, II. 101. Laws of Maryland on stealing and transporting, III. 220. Proceedings against Drayton and Sayres for liberation of, III. 221-223. Definition of, in laws of slave States, V. 12; VI. 129, 319. Compensation for emancipation of, V. 26; VII. 268; VIII. 259, 280; XI. 199, 204. Not dangerous to masters, if released, V. 28. Testimony to relations of masters with, VI. 168-175. Burning of, alive, VI. 322. Are persons, not property, according to the Constitution, VI. 361; VII. 315, 370. Number of, in United States, fit for military service, VII. 266. Dread of, in ancient wars, VII. 266. Danger of insurrection by, VII. 267. Involuntary assistance of, to Rebellion, VII. 339; testimony to same, VII. 339. Ransom of, at national capital, VIII. 251. Liberation of, included in rights of war, IX. 43, 71, 131, 146. Information in regard to freeing, by our armies, IX. 82. Help from, and protection of, IX. 83, 214. Debates in Federal Convention on taxing, IX. 94. Aid of, necessary against Rebellion, IX. 212, 227; appeal to, for same, defended, IX. 215-227. Testimony to employment of, in war, especially in the Revolution, IX. 217-220. Exclusion of testimony of, especially in slave States of America, XI. 5-34; reasons for same considered, XI. 34-41. Judicial testimony to propriety of examining, under oath, XI. 35 _et seq._ At first represented by their masters, XIII. 188, 196. See _Algerine Slavery_, _Barbary States_, _Emancipation_, _Freedmen_, _Fugitive Slaves_, _Slave-Masters_, _Slave-Trade_, and _Slavery_.

Sleep, amount of, required, I. 202-204.

Slidell, John, VIII. 32. Seizure of, on the Trent, VIII. 33. Benjamin Franklin and, at Paris, X. 221.

Smith, Adam, on slave-masters, VI. 165; XII. 159. On value of metals, XI. 271. His prophecy concerning America, XV. 363; same anticipated by John Adams, XV. 364.

Smith Brothers, protest and opinion on case of the, XII. 209. Testimony of Hon. S. Hooper on case of, XII. 216; and of witnesses for the prosecution, XII. 217-219, 220, 222.

Snelling, George H., letter to, VI. 96.

Soldiers, modern, generally unsuccessful as statesmen, XX. 95; same stated by Buckle, XX. 96.

Somerset Case, the, III. 302; IV. 304-313; VIII. 279; XI. 236; XII. 158.

South Carolina, disobedience to law in, IV. 185. Expulsion of Hon. Samuel Hoar from, IV. 186; VI. 193-196. Tribute to, IV. 195. Testimony to her weakness in Revolutionary War, IV. 198, 200-211; IX. 222. Compared to Kansas, V. 241 _et seq._ Reluctant at first to enter the Union, VII. 28, 317. Testimony to character of early settlers of, XI. 450, 459. Prohibition of colored suffrage in, XIII. 193. Honor to a constant Union man of, XIV. 103.

Sovereignty, rights of, and rights of war, IX. 1; X. 296. Constitutional limitations on rights of, against criminals, IX. 25-30. See _Popular Sovereignty_ and _Squatter Sovereignty_.

Spain, testimony of, against slavery, quoted by Prescott and Mackintosh, XII. 170-173. Her growth into a nation, XVI. 17. Duty of, towards Cuba, XVII. 118-120. Revolt of American colonies of, XVII. 197. Reannexion of San Domingo by, XIX. 23-26; result of same, XIX. 29. Numerical size of its Cortes, XX. 3.

Sparks, Jared, letter to, VII. 89.

Specie Payments, necessity of, XVI. 284-289, 355, 361; XVII. 113, 298; XVIII. 302. Means of arriving at, XVI. 289-294. Ease of transition to, XVII, 252. Hindrances to, XVII. 271. First steps towards, XVII. 273-276.

Squatter Sovereignty, defined, V. 68; VII. 45. Gen. Cass, the author of the artifice of, VI. 365. In Nebraska Bill, a trick, VI. 366. Results of, in New Mexico, VI. 372.

Stackpole, Joseph Lewis, obituary notice of, II. 151.

Stage-coaches, denounced by an old English writer, II. 282.

Stamp Act, John Adams on the, III. 130, 344. Compared to Fugitive-Slave Bill, III. 339; IV. 165. Opposition to, in America, III. 339-345; IV. 165-170; XIII. 165-168. Chatham on, III. 345; IV. 169.

Stanly, Edward, closes colored schools in North Carolina, IX. 113. Not upheld by Lincoln, IX. 116. Illegal actions of, IX. 119.

Stanton, Edwin M., Secretary of War, suspension and removal of, by President Johnson, XVI. 172, 190-195. Application of Tenure-of-Office Act to, XVI. 177-187. Substitution of Adj.-Gen. Thomas for, contrary to Acts of Congress, XVI. 187-190,--and unconstitutional, XVI. 195. Services of, XVI. 224. His opinion of General Grant, XX. 98-100.

Stark, Benjamin, of Oregon, speeches on admission of, to Senate, VIII. 208.

State Banks, XI. 255, 257. Circulation of, in 1862 and 1863, XI. 256.

State Department, its confession of support of Baez in San Domingo by United States navy, XIX. 42-45; and of intervention in Hayti by same, XIX. 48-51.

State Rebellion, State suicide: Emancipation and Reconstruction, VIII. 163, 243.

State Rights, defined, III. 325; X. 182; XVI. 13, 60; XVII. 38,--XVIII. 2. Jefferson on, III. 325. Infringed by Fugitive-Slave Bill, III. 326; IV. 337, 341. Pretended cause of the war, IX. 323; X. 191; XII. 263. Proper, to be respected, X. 176; XVI. 236. Pretension of, in American history, X. 176-179, 190-193; XVI. 14, 57 _et seq._ Same denied by Washington, X. 179; XII. 126; XVI. 35,--by the Constitution, X. 181; XII. 126; XIII. 304,--by the National Convention of 1787, X. 183 _et seq._; XII. 125; XIII. 305; XVI. 37 _et seq._,--and by Nathan Dane, X. 185; XII. 125. Opposed to Congressional governments of rebel States, X. 194. Establishment of national banks hindered by, XI. 246. Pretension of, denounced, XVI. 13, 354; XVIII. 1, 31,--examples of same in European history, XVI. 15-20. Limitations on, XVI. 236, 354; XVII. 38, 217; XVIII. 2, 38, 46; XIX. 128. Alexander Hamilton on, XVI. 253.

States, disarmed by the Constitution, II. 380. National parties must interfere in elections of, III. 39-41. Subordinate to national government, X. 182, 185-190; XIII. 304; XVI. 21. Definition of, X. 197. May cease to exist, X. 198. Burke on extinction of, X. 199. Intercourse between, by railway, XII. 105; XIV. 93. Webster on monopolies in, XII. 127. Early laws of, on colored suffrage, XIII. 190-194. Pretensions of, to exclude colored citizens from the franchise, XIII. 213; XVI. 246; XVII. 40,--refutation of same, XIII. 214; XVI. 246-252; XVII. 40-49. Validity and necessity of fundamental conditions on admission of, XVI. 230; XVII. 218; XVIII. 4,--pretensions opposed to same, XVI. 236, 246; XVIII. 2. Equality of, according to the Constitution, XVI. 237, 243; debates on same, in National Convention of 1787, XVI. 238-240; Story on same, XVI. 241. Equality of, according to Ordinance of 1787, XVI. 241, 242. Nature of conditions to be imposed on, XVI. 244. Powers of, limited by Declaration of Independence, XVII. 218. See _Land States_, _Rebel States_, _Slave States_, and _State Rights_.

Statutes, revision and consolidation of the national, VIII. 1. Declaratory, X. 331 _et seq._ Decision of Supreme Court on interpretation of, XVI. 177.

Stephens, Alexander H., on character of the Confederacy, VII. 315; X. 100 _et seq._; XIX. 225.

Stevens, Thaddeus, Representative from Pennsylvania, remarks on death of, XVII. 2.

Stewart, William M., Senator from Nevada, answer to his denial of Mr. Sumner’s authorship of provision for colored suffrage in rebel States, XVII. 308-330.

Stockton, John P., Senator from New Jersey, case of, XIV. 1, 15; XVI. 96.

Stone, Charles P., Gen., surrenders fugitive slaves, VIII. 8. Arrest of, VIII. 10.