Part 28

Prison Discipline, I. 166. Separate system of, adopted by Pope Clement XI. and Howard, I. 167; II. 122; and by Pennsylvania, I. 169; II. 121. Horrors of solitary system of, I. 170; II. 119. Objects of, I. 172. Subject of, universally interesting, I. 181. Rival systems of, II. 104. Labors of Roscoe and Lafayette in, II. 120. Letter of De Tocqueville on, II. 148 (_note_). See _Auburn System_, _Boston Prison-Discipline Society_, _Pennsylvania System_, and _Prisons_.

Prisoners of War, treatment of, XII. 74; Washington’s letter on same, XII. 76 _et seq._ Instructions of Secretary of War on exchange of, XII. 90.

Prisons, and prison discipline, article on, I. 163. Miss Dix’s book on, I. 163. In 18th century, II. 118. King of Sweden’s book on, II. 136.

Private Wars in Dark Ages, I. 35; II. 343, 345; XVIII. 180. Forbidden by John and Louis XI. of France, II. 344,--and by Maximilian, Emperor of Germany, II. 345; XVIII. 181, 242. Renounced by German Confederation, XVIII. 181, 242.

Privateering, proposition of Congress of Paris for abolishing, VIII. 76. Mode of effectively abolishing, VIII. 76. Abolition of, proposed by United States, VIII. 77. J. Q. Adams on, VIII. 77; IX. 290. Dangerous to United States, IX. 287. Authorities on, IX. 287-289. Early denounced by United States, IX. 289-291.

Privateers, substitute for, IX. 279, 292 _et seq._, 298 _et seq._, 315. Useless against Rebellion, IX. 281, 314. Evils of, IX. 282-284, 314. Jefferson on, X. 136.

Prize Courts, IX. 49. Example of their exclusive jurisdiction, IX. 50-52. Authorities declaring necessity of, X. 129-131; British precedent showing same, X. 135.

Prize Money, policy of, IX. 148.

Proclamation of Emancipation, speech on the, IX. 191. Letters on, IX. 247; X. 259; XII. 60. Lord Russell on, X. 20. Adoption of, by Act of Congress, XI. 397. Cannot be withdrawn, XI. 429-431, 474-476. Lincoln’s issue of, XII. 265. Its constitutionality defended, XII. 265, 266. Influence of, XII. 285 _et seq._

Progress, the law of human, II. 241. Defined, II. 267. Same long unrecognized, II. 252,--but disclosed in part by Vico, II. 254. Universal, II. 244, 275. Not recognized in antiquity, II. 247. Christianity the religion of, II. 251. Announced by Leibnitz, II. 255,--by Lessing and Herder, II. 256,--by Descartes, II. 257,--by Pascal, II. 258,--by Perrault and Fontenelle, II. 260, and by Turgot, II. 262. Condorcet’s Work on, II. 264. Bacon’s ideas on, II. 265. History of Greece and Rome not inconsistent with, II. 268-270. Relation of China to, II. 270. Indefinite duration of mankind favors, II. 274. Proved by statistics of life, II. 274. Gradual, II. 278; XVII. 179. Resisted by prejudice, II. 279. Examples of resistance to, II. 279-285. Certainty of, II. 286-288; XVII. 177. Faith in, encouraging, II. 286. Agents of, XVII. 177.

Property, man can have none in man, VI. 131, 218, 319; VIII. 261; XI. 200 _et seq._ Value of, in slave and free States, VI. 146. Confiscation of, in war, IX. 35; XVII. 13-15. As a qualification for the franchise, XIII. 220, 297, 327. See _Confiscation_.

Provisional governments and Reconstruction, IX. 162. See _Military Government_.

Prussia, army of, in 1845, I. 75. Relative expenditure of, for war-preparations, I. 78. Military system of, in 1870, XVIII. 246. Numerical size of its Parliament, XX. 2. See _Franco-German War_ and _Germany_.

Publishers, letter to committee of, V. 58.

Pulci, his prediction of a new world, XV. 258.

Puritans, the, IV. 75 _et seq._

Q.

Quakers, escape of, from pirates, II. 46. Opposed to slavery, III. 289; XII. 151-153. Lincoln on, XII. 263. See _Friends_.

Qualification, defined, XIII. 308; XVI. 248; XVII. 40.

Quincy, Josiah, on patriotism, I. 325. Tribute to, VI. 37.

Quincy, Josiah, Jr., his report of Chatham’s speech quoted, I. 375.

Quorum, of the Senate, IX. 169; XII. 358. In Parliament, IX. 169-171. Fixed in United States by Constitution, IX. 171. Authorities on rule for, IX. 172. Of States, requisite for adoption of a constitutional amendment, XII. 357. Powers of the two Houses of Congress in absence of a, XV. 185.

R.

Races, all alike entitled to human rights, V. 18; XVII. 134. Number and distinctions of, XVII. 148-151. Origin of, XVII. 152. Arguments for a common origin of, XVII. 153-157; authorities favoring same, XVII. 155-157. Common destiny of all, XVII. 162 _et seq._, 168, 178.

Railroad, Pacific, IV. 32; IX. 318. Air-line, from Washington to New York, IX. 121. Usurpation in New Jersey, XII. 105.

Railways, opposed at first by Quarterly Review, II. 283.

Rantoul, Robert, Jr., tribute to, III. 246.

Raynal, Guillaume, Abbé, his famous work, XV. 326 _et seq._ His predictions concerning America, XV. 329-331.

Ream, Vinnie, speech on contract with, for statue of Lincoln, XIV. 164.

Rebel Debt, repudiation of the, XII. 137, 327; XIII. 99.

Rebel Party, the, XVI. 326.

Rebel States, secession of, VII. 184; VIII. 119; X. 191. A. H. Stephens on character of government of, VII. 315; X. 100 _et seq._; XIX. 225. Power of Congress over, VIII. 164-167, 245; IX. 120; X. 167; XI. 361; XII. 329; XIV. 209, 225; XV. 218; XVIII. 31,--sources of above power, VIII. 164-167, 245; X. 208-215; XI. 367-372; XII. 330-333; XIII. 124-127, 325 _et seq._; XIV. 341; XVI. 344-347. Military government of, IX. 119; X. 168-175; XI. 365; XIV. 326. Concession of ocean belligerence to, by England, X. 12-15, 124; XII. 267 _et seq._; XVII. 59-65; XIX. 121,--and by France, X. 41. Not entitled to recognition by foreign powers, X. 97-124. Constitution of, quoted, X. 100. Other testimony to character of government of, X. 102. Results of recognizing, X. 116-122; apology for same, X. 122. Not entitled to ocean belligerence, X. 125-139; XVII. 59 _et seq._ Theories for extinction of, X. 196, 200 _et seq._ Non-existence of governments in, X. 202; XIII. 126. Readmission of, must be determined by Congress, XI. 296, 361, 366-372. Lincoln’s plan for reorganizing, XI. 363 _et seq._; XIV. 196, 294. Objections to recognition of, by U. S., XI. 466-471. Participation of, not necessary in ratifying constitutional amendments, XII. 101, 211, 341, 359; XIII. 31, 62; XVI. 71. Guaranty of republican governments in, XII. 197. Conditions precedent to reception of Senators from, XII. 208. Lincoln on recognition of, XII. 269 _et seq._ Consent of the governed necessary in forming new governments of, XII. 298. Actual condition of, during Reconstruction period, XII. 320-322; XIII. 55; XIV. 87; XVI. 168,--testimony to same, XII. 323 _et seq._; XIII. 64-96. Need of public schools for all in, XII. 328; XIV. 334-339; XV. 220-227. Oath to maintain a republican form of government in, XIII. 12, 22; XIV. 330. Senator Collamer on readmission of, XIII. 44. Not republican in form, XIII. 204-211, 332. Population of, in 1860, XIII. 204. Illegality of existing governments in, in 1866, XIV. 190, 224. Proper foundation of government in, XIV. 324. Conditions of assistance to, XIV. 358. Outrages on loyalists in, XVI. 168, 352; XVII. 103; XVIII. 301. Legislation of, concerning freedmen, after Rebellion, XVI. 350 _et seq._ Claims of citizens in, XVII. 10. Necessity of requiring test oath for legislatures of, XVII. 226-230. Robberies of, after the war, XX. 247. See _Slave States_.

Rebellion, emancipation our best weapon against the, VII. 241, 347; IX. 76, 229; XI. 198. Its origin and main-spring, VII. 250, 305; IX. 230, 323; X. 103; XI. 444; XIII. 234. Its audacity, VII. 250. Its beginning, VII. 315, 325; VIII. 119-123; XI. 441-443; XII. 258. Object of, VII. 315. Preparations for, VII. 322-324; VIII. 119-122. Numbers of its armed forces, VII. 338. Necessity of crushing at once, VII. 345; IX. 207, 272. A fact, IX. 13 _et seq._ Must be comprehended and vigorously treated, IX. 210-212. Must fail, X. 142, 168. Rejoicing in its decline, XI. 414. Slavery and the: speech in New York, XI. 433. Official history of, XIV. 88. Consequences of, XVI. 262 _et seq._ See _War of the Rebellion_.

Rebels, barbarities of, VIII. 301. Are criminals and enemies, IX. 17, 141. Sources of power against, IX. 18-24, 47 _et seq._, 134, 143; XVII. 16,--judicial decisions and other authorities on same, IX. 18-22; XVII. 17 _et seq._ Proceedings for confiscating property of, allowable, IX. 31-33. Must be subdued, not conciliated, IX. 210. Disqualified from national office by Congress, X. 219; XII. 337. Lincoln’s policy towards, XII. 284. Should be disfranchised for a time, XII. 337-339, 408; XIII. 283; XIV. 185, 291; XV. 219, 228; XVII. 115 _et seq._ Mr. Sumner’s sentiments towards, XII. 339; XIV. 313; XV. 228; XVII. 115; XIX. 258, 318; XX. 192-194, 213, 229-240. Submission of, after the war, XIV. 187; testimony to same, XIV. 187, 188. Time for reconciliation with, XX. 253 _et seq._

Reciprocity Treaty, termination of the Canadian, XII. 46. Its operation, XII. 48-54.

Recognition, intervention by, X. 87; instances of same, X. 87-94. Armed, X. 95. Unarmed, X. 95. Proper time for, X. 95-97. Of a _de facto_ power, not required by international law, X. 105. Authorities on refusal of, X. 106-108, 111-114, 119. Practice of nations as to, X. 110 _et seq._

Reconstruction of rebel States, resolutions on, VIII. 163; X. 295. Letter on, VIII. 243. Provisional governments and, IX. 162. And adoption of Emancipation Proclamation by Act of Congress, XI. 397. Mr. Ashley and, XII. 7. None, without votes of the blacks, XII. 179. Conditions of, XII. 325-329; XIII. 33, 283; XIV. 92. Equal rights _vs._ the Presidential policy in, XII. 368. Andrew Johnson on, XII. 369, 408; XIV. 197, 294; XVII. 231,--and his policy in, XII. 369; XIV. 188-197, 203, 250-253; XVI. 165-171. Scheme of, on basis of equal rights, XIII. 21. Time and, XIII. 428. True principles of, XIV. 224. At last, with colored suffrage and protection against rebel influence, XIV. 282. Speeches on bills for, XIV. 282, 321; XV. 217. Further guaranties in, XIV. 304; XV. 219-221. Measures of, not a burden or penalty, XIV. 312. Military government unsuited for, XIV. 326, 342. Mr. Sumner’s bill for, XIV. 328-334. Incomplete, XV. 226; XVI. 342; XVII. 307; XVIII. 302. A political question, XVI. 346. Power and duty of Congress to protect and regulate, XVII. 208; XVIII. 26-32. With colored suffrage, Mr. Sumner’s personal record on, XVII. 303.

Reconstruction Acts, defended, XVI. 342-349. Opposition to, in rebel States, XVI. 352. Do not bind Congress to admit rebel States, XVII. 208-210, 224-226.

Redemption, Society of Fathers of, II. 36.

Redpath, James, letters to, VI. 44, 54.

Reform, true, defined, II. 289; III. 248. And purity in government, XX. 5.

Reform League of New York, letter to, XIX. 131.

Representation, according to voters, IV. 46, 53; XII. 104; XIII. 19, 315-321. Authorities on right of, XIII. 301; XVII. 44-46. Jefferson and Madison on, XIII. 320. Hamilton on, XIII. 329. See _Blaine Amendment_ and _Representative System_.

Representative System, necessary improvements in, in Massachusetts, III. 43; IV. 35, 58-60. And its proper basis, IV. 33. Origin and nature of, IV. 36-53; XIII. 318. Founded on equality in America, IV. 38. Its history in Massachusetts, IV. 39; evils of, in same, IV. 40. Essex County documents on, quoted, IV. 40-43. Jefferson’s plan for, IV. 44; XIII. 320. Under the Constitution, IV. 45. In France, IV. 45. Vindication of Rule of Three in, IV. 47-53; opposition to same in Massachusetts, IV. 53-56. Amendment to, in Massachusetts, XIII. 317.

Reprisals, none, on innocent persons, XVI. 297. Condemned, XVI. 301. Authorities on, XVI. 301-306. Modern rule for, XVI. 304; reasons for same, XVI. 305. Instance of, in modern history, XVI. 307. See _Retaliation_.

Republic, slave-holding, a mockery, I. 308; III. 3; IX. 235. Rejected definitions of, XI. 192; XIII. 144-153. Machiavelli on regeneration of a, XI. 213. See _Republican Government_.

Republican Conventions, speeches at, IV. 255; VI. 352; VII. 241; XII. 305; XVII. 98.

Republican Government, American definition of, XI. 193; XII. 295, 297; XIII. 196 _et seq._, 327; XVI. 245; XVII. 43. Our first duty, XIII. 1. Oath to maintain, in rebel States, XIII. 12, 22; XIV. 330. Must be defined by Congress, XIII. 63, 137 _et seq._, 211, 327; XVI. 245; XVII. 43, 334, 358. Disfranchisement inconsistent with, XIII. 109. Principles of, asserted by fathers of the Republic, XIII. 153-198. Webster on, XIII. 187 _et seq._ Testimony of France to, XIII. 198-202. Other definitions of, XIII. 202 _et seq._, 330; XV. 294. Object of, XX. 94. See _Guaranty of Republican Government_.

Republican Party, formation of the, IV. 255. Its duties and aims, IV. 263-265; V. 81 _et seq._; VI. 312; XI. 421; XIX. 129. Origin and necessity of, IV. 266; V. 80; VI. 303; XX. 86 _et seq._ Its hopes of success, IV. 278; VI. 341. In New York, V. 60. Letter on the, V. 61. National, not sectional, V. 146. Appeal for its candidates in 1856, VI. 2. Its declaration of principles in same year, VI. 4. Appeal for its cause, VI. 15, 354; VII. 17. Letters on its candidates in 1860, VI. 111, 342. Platform of, in 1860, VI. 234 _et seq._ Speech on, in New York, VI. 303. Permanence of, VI. 336; XVIII. 172. Parties opposed to, in 1860, VI. 356; VII. 17, 26. The only Union party, VII. 37. The only Constitutional party and party of freedom, VII. 38. Not aggressive, but conservative, VII. 86. Should be moderate after victory, VII. 87. And Democratic Party in 1864, XI. 418. Its past and future work, XI. 422; XVIII. 169. Its platform in 1864, XI. 426, 477. Unity and strength of, XII. 4. Mr. Sumner’s devotion to, XX. 85. Change for the worse in, XX. 89, 170. Duty of, as to reëlection of Grant, XX. 156.

Republicanism _vs._ Grantism, XX. 83.

Repudiation, XVI. 275; XVII. 105 _et seq._ Adopted by Rebel party in 1868, XVI. 329; XVII. 104. Two forms of, XVI. 356; XVII. 107 _et seq._ Is confiscation, XVII. 106. Cost of, XVII. 108 _et seq._ Impossible, XVII. 111.

Retaliation, and treatment of prisoners of war, XII. 74. Authorities respecting, XII. 78-82, 86-89. Recognized, but limited, by laws of war, XII. 80, 92. See _Prisoners of War_ and _Reprisals_.

Revels, Hiram R., speech on admission of, as Senator from Mississippi, XVIII. 6.

Revolution, right of, II. 336; Paley on same, II. 336; O’Connell on same, II. 337.

Revolutionary War, opposed by English Whigs in Parliamentary debates, I. 340-349. Compared to Mexican War, I. 382. Contributions of Northern and Southern States to, IV. 197 _et seq._; American and foreign testimony to same, IV. 199-211. Lafayette’s enthusiasm for, VII. 111. List of statutes for confiscation of property in, IX. 59-64; same defended by American diplomatists and courts, IX. 65-69. Testimony to employment of slaves in, IX. 217-220. Contrasted with our Civil War, X. 24, 256-258; XII. 238; XVII. 301. Object of, XIII. 154, 172; XVI. 55. Official history of, XIV. 88.

Rhode Island, appeal to Republicans of, in 1856, VI. 9.

Richard, Henry, M.P., letter to, XX. 273.

Right of Search, employed by Great Britain to impress American seamen, VIII. 42; testimony to same, VIII. 42-45, 51 _et seq._,--and to opposition of United States Government to same, VIII. 45-54. Should not exist, except for suppression of slave-trade, VIII. 78; proposed by Great Britain for same, VIII. 339, 343,--but refused by United States, VIII. 341. Not objectionable against slave-trade, VIII. 344. Exercise of, by privateers, IX. 282. Should be employed only by national ships, IX. 299. See _Neutral Rights_.

Rights. See _Civil Rights_, _Equal Rights_, _Human Rights_, _Neutral Rights_, _Rights of War_, and _State Rights_.

Rights of War, IX. 1, 34; X. 210; XIII. 325,--especially against enemy property, IX. 35-44. Authorities respecting, IX. 36 _et seq._; XIII. 326. Include liberation of slaves, IX. 43, 71, 131, 146. Have no constitutional limitations, IX. 45, 71, 131-138, 183-185, 216. To be exercised only in war, IX. 48 _et seq._ Policy of exercising, against Rebels, IX. 70-72. Not to be exercised by the President alone, IX. 138-140.

Roads, policy of, III. 182.

Roberts, Joseph, Rev., his work on caste quoted, III. 76-80; XVII. 144.

Roscoe, William, labors of, for reform of prisons, II. 120. Incorrectly quoted on Pennsylvania system, II. 128.

Rousseau, treatise of, on peace, II. 391; XVIII. 233. His opinions on equality, III. 60, 91; XIX. 235. On slavery, VI. 137.

Russell, Earl, on Trent case, VIII. 35. On the Emancipation Proclamation, X. 20. His unfriendliness to United States during Rebellion, X. 39. On necessity of prize courts, X. 130 _et seq._ On escape of the Alabama, XVII. 66.

Russia, army of, in 1845, I. 75. Navy of, in 1837, I. 76. Serfdom in, restricted to original country, IV. 96. Emancipation of serfs in, VII. 267; XII. 312-314; XIII. 57-60; XIV. 57, 315. The Emperor of, and emancipation, XIV. 56. Cession of Russian America to United States by, XV. 1; reasons for same, XV. 20-23. Friendship of, for United States, XV. 48-50.

Russian America, cession of, to United States, XV. 1. Boundaries and configuration of, XV. 6-8. Russia’s title to, XV. 8-17. Discovery of, by Behring, XV. 8-14. French claim to, XV. 17. Spanish claim to, XV. 18-20. Reasons for cession of, XV. 20-23. Humboldt on, XV. 22, 47. Origin and completion of cession of, XV. 23-30. Documents respecting, quoted, XV. 25-29. Treaty for cession of, XV. 30-32; questions under same, XV. 32-35; advantages of same, XV. 36-50. Sources of information upon, XV. 54-64. Blodget’s description of, XV. 65. Government of, XV. 65-80. Population of, XV. 81-94. Climate of, XV. 94-105. Vegetable products of, XV. 105-116. Mineral products of, XV. 116-124. Furs of, XV. 125-141. Fisheries of, XV. 141-161. New name for, XV. 167. Other requirements of, XV. 168 _et seq._ Necessity of legislation to carry out treaty for cession of, XV. 196-199.

S.

St. Albans Raid, the, XII. 42.

Saint-Pierre, Charles de, Abbé, labors of, for peace, II. 387-390; XVIII. 233. Leibnitz on his “Project of Perpetual Peace,” II. 389; XVIII. 233. D’Argenson on, XV. 287.

San Domingo, speech on proposed annexion of, to United States, XVIII. 257. Character and object of joint resolution appointing a commission to, XVIII. 262-267. Negotiation for annexion of, XVIII. 267-271; XIX. 37 _et seq._, 54-57; XX. 144-146, 217 _et seq._ Belligerent intervention of United States navy in, XVIII. 271, 303; XIX. 27, 60-64, 75. Sentiments of people of, on annexion, XVIII. 276. Relations of, with Hayti, XVIII. 278-280. President Grant’s message on annexion of, XVIII. 284-288. Arguments against annexion of, XVIII. 290-292, 303; XIX. 96; testimony against same, XVIII. 304. Speech on resolutions concerning, XIX. 16. Reason for interest in annexion of, XIX. 20-22. Reannexion of, by Spain, XIX. 23; Spanish documents on same, quoted, XIX. 24-26; result of same, XIX. 29. Treaty for annexion of, an infraction of its constitution, XIX. 38 _et seq._ Duty of United States towards, XIX. 93, 97, 131.

San Juan Boundary Question, report of Committee on Foreign Relations on settlement of, VII. 216.

Sanborn, Frank B., speeches on case of, VI. 99.

Sandwich Islands, mail service between United States and, XIV. 110. Relations of, with United States, XIV. 111.

Scholar, jurist, artist, and philanthropist, the, oration on, I. 241. Defined, I. 249.

Schools. See _Colored Schools_, _Common Schools_, _Normal Schools_, and _Separate Schools_.

Schurz, Carl, Senator from Missouri, on Secretary Fish’s attack on Mr. Sumner, XIX. 110.

Schwartz, John, Representative from Pennsylvania, speech on death of, VI. 300.

Scott, Sir Walter, compared to Cobbett, I. 198. On morning work, I. 204.

Scylla and Charybdis, origin and history of Latin verse on, XII. 371-380; application of same, XII. 409-412.

Seamen, wages of, in case of wreck, IV. 324; rule for determining same, IV. 325; abolition of above rule by England, IV. 326.

Secession, pretended right of, VII. 326; IX. 323. Proposed concessions to prevent, VII. 327-333. Acts of, impotent against United States, VIII. 164; X. 196.

Secretary of State, assistant, office of, and Mr. Hunter, XIV. 82.

Security, the national, and the national faith, XII. 305.

Selden, John, on trial by battle (or duel), I. 38 (_note_), 42; XVIII. 179.

Self-defence, right of, I. 294, 378. Restrictions on, II. 334. Dymond, the Quaker, on, II. 335.

Self-government, local, advantages of, XVI. 59.