Part 27

Merchant, position and duties of the, illustrated by the life of Granville Sharp, IV. 283.

Merchants, American, in Paris, letter to, VI. 56. Unjust arrest and prosecution of two Boston, XII. 209.

Metric System of weights and measures, XIV. 148. Invention of, XIV. 156. Explained, XIV. 158-160. Advantages of, XIV. 160-163.

Mexican War, injustice of, I. 307, 319, 322, 335, 377. Caused by slavery, I. 307, 322, 335, 377. Beginning of, I. 318. Bill and amendment to raise supplies for, I. 319 _et seq._; arguments against same, I. 321. Slavery and the: speech, I. 333. Denounced by Whig Convention, I. 336. Mr. Winthrop’s actions in regard to, I. 338. Whigs should oppose, I. 339. United States should abandon, I. 340. Invalidity of enlistments in Massachusetts regiment of volunteers for the, I. 352. A war of aggression, I. 379. Expenses of, I. 379. Compared to Revolutionary War, I. 382.

Mexico, wrongful declaration of war against, I. 317. Withdrawal of American troops from, I. 374. Help for, against foreign intervention, VIII. 227. Debt of, to allied powers, VIII. 232. Securities for loan to, VIII. 234. Remarks on resolutions against French interference in, IX. 257. French expedition to, X. 42. Mediation between contending parties in, XV. 174. Alaman’s prophecy concerning, XV. 426-428. See _Mexican War_.

Michigan, account of irregular admission of, into the Union, V. 222-232; debates in Congress on same quoted, V. 223-225, 227-229.

Military Government of rebel States, IX. 119; X. 168-175; XI. 365; XIV. 326. Subordinate to civil, in the United States, X. 170, 194; XIV. 326; XVIII. 51. Jefferson on, X. 170; XIV. 342; XVII. 151. Under Cromwell, X. 171 _et seq._ Congressional government preferable to, for rebel States, X. 173-175, 194; XIV. 326 _et seq._

Militia, of United States, not needed for defence or as police, I. 91; II. 363,--not volunteers, I. 357,--cost of, II. 367,--power of Congress over, I. 354; IV. 21, 26-30,--distinguished from army, I. 355. Of England, I. 357; IV. 29. C. Turner on, I. 358. Laws of Massachusetts on, I. 359 _et seq._, 368. Testimony to unpopularity of, in Massachusetts, II. 364. Substitute for, II. 365; Sir W. Jones’s suggestion for same, II. 366. Powers of the State over, IV. 20, 25. Exemptions from service in, for conscientious scruples, IV. 23. Colored companies in, IV. 25. Volunteer, are not national, IV. 31.

Mills, John, Free-Soil candidate for Lieut.-Governor of Massachusetts in 1848 and 1849, II. 318; III. 44.

Milton, on early rising, I. 204. His labors for liberty compared to Channing’s, I. 292. On virtue in individuals and States, I. 380. On slavery, II. 100; XI. 204. On war, II. 185. On true glory, II. 199. On settlement of America, XV. 265.

Mints, branch, and coinage, XI. 263. In France, XI. 264. Dumas’ report on French, XI. 265 _et seq._ In United States, XI. 267-269. Cost of, XI. 274 _et seq._

Misprision of treason, definitions of, XVI. 80. Penalty for, in United States, XVI. 81.

Mississippi, origin of repudiation in, XVI. 275; XVII. 105,--Judge Curtis on same, XVII. 105 _et seq._ Admission of, to representation in Congress, XVIII. 1.

Mississippi, the, union of, with the lakes by canal, IX. 320. Reconstruction of levees of, XIV. 358.

Missouri, protests against admission of, into Union in 1819, I. 152-154; IV. 106. History of its admission, IV. 102-115. Invasions of Kansas from, V. 162-167; VI. 368. Speech on aid to emancipation in, IX. 266. Enfranchisement in, XVI. 331.

Missouri Compromise, no repeal of the, IV. 81. Adoption of, IV. 91, 111-115; VII. 29 _et seq._; XVI. 231. Not repealed by Slavery Acts of 1850, IV. 93. Origin of, and debates on, in Congress, IV. 101-118. Carried by the South, IV. 113, 116-118; V. 67, 152; VII. 29,--but repudiated by same, IV. 118; V. 67, 153; VI. 332. Repeal of, by Nebraska Bill, V. 157; VI. 366.

Monopolies, unlawful, XII. 127; Webster on, XII. 127, 128.

Montana, colored suffrage in, XI. 62.

Montcalm, Louis, Marquis de, reputed predictions by, concerning America, XV. 318-321.

Montesquieu, on trial by battle, I. 37; II. 349. On honor, I. 62. On Africans, VI. 166; XII. 168. On international law, XII. 86. His definition of a republic, XIII. 149, 198; XVII. 114. On America, XV. 296. On armies, XVIII. 247.

Moral and Political Sciences, national academy of, XI. 401.

Morrill, Lot M., Senator from Maine, reply to his criticisms on the supplementary civil-rights bill, XIX. 265-287.

Morse, Samuel F. B., letter to, VI. 64.

Morton, Oliver P., Senator from Indiana, answer to his remarks on annexion of San Domingo, XVIII. 273-275.

Motley, John Lothrop, XIX. 106. His removal from the English mission, XIX. 109. Mr. Sumner’s influence on his nomination, XIX. 117 _et seq._ His memoir on the Alabama claims, XIX. 120, 122. Testimony of English press to, XIX. 123.

Motto, of Massachusetts, I. 94 (see _note_). Of United States, XVI. 45; history of same, XVI. 46.

N.

Naboth’s Vineyard: a speech, XVIII. 257.

Napier, Sir William, on war, I. 12, 34. On storming of Badajoz, I. 23.

Napoleon I., horrors of his wars, I. 22-26. On war, I. 33, 34; II. 353. On value of time, I. 188. Channing’s essay on, I. 295. On inability of brute force to create anything durable, II. 376; IX. 231. His plans for peace, II. 419. Restrains confiscation in France, IX. 56. Mediation of, in Switzerland, X. 63. On claims for French spoliations, XI. 131. On equality, XIII. 200. His seizure of English travellers, XVI. 307; Alison’s account of same, XVI. 307; same condemned by Napoleon himself and Junot, XVI. 308.

Nasby Letters, quotation from, XIX. 296. Introduction to, XX. 65.

Nation, are we a? XVI. 3. Meaning of, XVI. 9 _et seq._; authorities on same, XVI. 11-13. Supremacy of the, XVI. 60.

National Banks, the, and the currency, XI. 245. Exemption of, from State taxation, XI. 246-254, 260-262; judgment of Chief-Justice Marshall on same, XI. 249. Purpose of, XI. 257. Extension of, XVII. 113, 249; remarks on introducing bill for same, XVII. 184. Advantages of, XVII. 249. Propositions concerning, XVII. 249-251, 261, 295-298. Power of Congress over, XVII. 293-296.

National Debt, obligation of the, XII. 318, 326; XIII. 99; XVI. 268-277, 355. Denounced by Rebels, XII. 324; XIII. 68 _et seq._ Diminution of interest on, XVI. 279; XVII. 238, 262, 288 _et seq._ Time of its payment, XVI. 280; XVII. 111, 238-241, 291 _et seq._ Amount of, in 1868 and 1869, XVI. 282; XVII. 108. Posterity should bear the burden of, XVII. 239. Interest on, where payable, XVII. 243.

Nations, equality of, X. 48; XIX. 67, 156,--authorities stating same, XIX. 68-71. Bound to good faith, as neutrals, XX. 14. Neutral, cannot furnish arms to belligerents directly, XX. 15; or indirectly, XX. 16,--authorities declaring same, XX. 18-20, 41-44 (_Appendix_).

Naturalization, without distinction of race or color, XV. 238; XVIII. 144; conformity of same with Declaration of Independence, XVIII. 151 _et seq._, 160; and with the Constitution, XVIII. 160.

Naval Academy, appointments to the, IX. 301.

Navies of Europe, before 1845, I. 76.

Navy, cost of vessels in United States, I. 81 _et seq._, 88. Not needed except as police, I. 89; II. 374. Names of ships in British, II. 360. Flogging abolished in United States, III. 126. British criticism on United States, in our Civil War, IX. 347. Of United States, supports Baez in San Domingo, XVIII. 271, 303; XX. 148,--and menaces Hayti, XVIII. 277, 303; XIX. 49; XX. 151; testimony to same, XIX. 27, 42, 45, 48-66, 88.

Navy Department, testimony of, to intervention of United States ships at San Domingo and Hayti, XIX. 51-66.

Nebraska, objections to admission of, as a State, XIV. 128-146.

Nebraska and Kansas Bill denounced, IV. 86, 94, 147. Importance of question of, IV. 90. Object of, IV. 92. Arguments in support of, refuted, IV. 97-99; V. 153 _et seq._ A breach of public faith, IV. 100; and a departure from original policy of the country, IV. 121. Not demanded by northern sentiment, IV. 131-146. Mr. Sumner’s final protest against, for himself and the clergy of N. E., IV. 140. May cause war, IV. 146. Passage of the, IV. 260; V. 154. A swindle, V. 155. Despoils people of Kansas of sovereignty, V. 155; VI. 367. Its repeal of Missouri Compromise, V. 157; VI. 366. Squatter Sovereignty in, a trick, VI. 366.

Negotiation, substitute for war, I. 51.

Nepotism, origin and history of, XX. 103-110. American authorities on, XX. 111-114. Presidential apologies for, XX. 115-117. Improper in a republic, XX. 214.

Neutral Duties, XX. 5. Authorities declaring, XX. 15, 18-20, 41-44 (_Appendix_). Testimony to observance of, by United States, XX. 22-24.

Neutral Rights, testimony to British policy in regard to, VIII. 42-56, 63, 64, 67; XII. 16-32, 38-41,--and to American policy on, VIII. 45-54, 57-62, 64 _et seq._, 68-71; XII. 13. Testimony of Continental Europe to, VIII. 63, 65,--especially of France, VIII. 63-70. French violations of, XI. 82, 110. The Abbé Galiani’s work on, XV. 360. See _Right of Search_.

Neutral Waters, British seizures in, XII. 12, 16-32, 38-41. Authorities respecting seizures in, XII. 13 _et seq._; policy of United States as to same, XII. 14.

New England Society at New York, letter to, X. 260. Speech at dinner of, XX. 291.

New Jersey, railroad usurpation in, XII. 105; testimony to same, XII. 108-111.

New Year’s Day, 1871, XVIII. 300.

New York City, letters to Republicans of, in 1860, VI. 302, 346. Reform of abuses in its government, XX. 6.

New York Tribune, the, XX. 251 _et seq._

Niagara, a ship-canal at, XIV. 99.

Noel, John W., Representative from Missouri, remarks on death of, X. 293.

Norfolk Agricultural Society, letter to, IV. 280.

Normal Schools, equal rights of colored fellow-citizens in, XX. 268.

North, the, when will it be aroused? IV. 137. Duties of, concerning slavery, V. 38-48; VI. 317. Must unite against Slave Power, V. 50. Outrages on citizens of, in slave States, VI. 187-189, 191-196. Must stand firm against all compromise, VII. 205.

North and South, hope of their union, IV. 136. Their respective contributions to the Revolutionary War, IV. 196-211. Desire for reconciliation between, XX. 192-194, 197, 227-229, 253 _et seq._

North Carolina, colored suffrage in, VI. 292; XI. 287-289; XIII. 191. Closing of colored schools in, IX. 112. Laws of, on slavery, quoted, IX. 162-164.

Nullification, Jackson’s letter on object of, VII. 166, 320. Described, XVI. 58.

O.

Oath to support the Constitution, requirements of, IV. 177-183, 269-271; VIII. 221; XIX. 312,--authorities on same, IV. 177-181, 269 _et seq._ See _Custom-house Oaths_ and _Iron-clad Oath_.

Ocean Telegraph, the, between Europe and America, XIV. 220, 301.

Offices, protection for incumbents of, XIV. 241, 254-258. Locality in appointment to, XVII. 94. Presidential prerogative as to, XX. 115 _et seq._ See _Tenure-of-Office Act_.

One-cent Postage, XVIII. 57. Reasons for, XVIII. 85, 98-107, 113 _et seq._

One-man Power, the, _vs._ Congress, XIV. 181.

Ordinance of Freedom in the Northwest Territory, authorship of, III. 253. Adoption of, VII. 58; XVI. 230. Validity of, defended by Webster and Chase, XVI. 231-234. Opposition to, XVI. 234. Does not authorize unlimited equality of States, XVI. 242.

Oregon, establishment of a branch mint in, XI. 263.

Otis, James, an example to Massachusetts, IV. 237. On slavery, XII. 150; XIII. 164. His exertions against taxation without representation, XIII. 158-165, 295-298. Asserts equality of all men, XIII. 295.

Overstone, Lord, on paper money, VIII. 200-202. On need of postal reform, XVIII. 73, 99-101.

P.

Pacific Coast, advantages to, of cession of Russian America, XV. 36-39. Jefferson and Webster on future government of, XV. 52, 412 _et seq._ See _California_.

Pacific Railroad, IV. 32; IX. 318.

Paley, William, on right of revolution, II. 336. On law of nations, II. 340, 341. His works, XV. 402. His prediction concerning America, XV. 402. His exertions against the slave-trade, XV. 403.

Palfrey, John G., liberation of slaves by, I. 151, 292; II. 75.

Palmerston, Lord, on armed intervention in Italy, X. 69. Exertions of, against slavery, X. 77-83.

Paper Money, debates in National Convention on empowering Congress to issue, VIII. 185. In American history, VIII. 187-190. Policy of issuing, VIII. 192, 205-207; XVI. 288; XVII. 110. Evils of, in United States, VIII. 193; XVI. 285, 289, 359,--and in France, VIII. 194; XVI. 359. Testimony of English Parliamentary Report of 1857 on, VIII. 197-202. In English history, VIII. 203 _et seq._; and in French, VIII. 204. See _Treasury Notes_.

Parchment, use of, in legislative proceedings, VIII. 372. Proceedings for discontinuing use of, in Parliament, VIII. 376-379.

Pardoning Power, of the President, III. 219. In common law, III. 224. Under Maryland statutes, III. 225. Under the Constitution, III. 226-230. Story on, III. 227. Judicial decisions on, III. 227-229.

Paris, Peace Congress at, III. 117. Letter to American merchants in, VI. 56.

Parker, Theodore, reminiscence of, VII. 22. On appointment of relations to office, XX. 114.

Parliament, English authorities on privileges of, VI. 93 _et seq._ Quorum of, IX. 169-171. Powers of presiding officers of, XVI. 103-120, 125-127. Usage of, in impeachments, XVI. 149-155, 158-160. Authorities on its powers over its prisoners, XVI. 102-105. Judicial decisions denying applicability of its laws to colonial assemblies, XVI. 110-112. Number of members of, XX. 2. Cases in its history, illustrating rule for appointment of committees, XX. 49-53.

Parties, and importance of a Free-Soil organization, II. 299. Object of, II. 304; IV. 6; VI. 308. Changes in, necessary, II. 304; IV. 6. Webster on, II. 304. Instances of changes in, in France, England, and United States, II. 305; IV. 7. Evils of, II. 306; XI. 438. Channing and Wayland on need of new, II. 312. Political, and our foreign-born population, V. 62. Strife of, during war, unpatriotic, IX. 198.

Pascal, on glory, II. 177. On progress, II. 258.

Patents, in slave and free States, VI. 157. Denial of, to colored inventors, VIII. 6.

Patriotism, heathen, exaggerated, I. 68. Cicero on, I. 68. Andrew Fletcher on, I. 69, 326; XII. 64; XIII. 123. Natural, I. 70. Higher, defined, I. 71. Josiah Quincy on, I. 325.

Paul, St., his epistle to Philemon not an argument for slavery, V. 21-23.

Peabody, George, speech on resolution giving thanks of Congress to, XIV. 317.

Peace, enjoyed by weak nations, I. 99. Illustrations of, produced by gentleness, I. 102-107. Victories of, I. 127. Cause of, II. 330; sneers at same, II. 331 _et seq._ Individual efforts for, II. 384-400; XVIII. 233-236. Blessings of universal, II. 417; XVIII. 249. Napoleon’s plans for, II. 419. Plea for, II. 420. Auguries of, II. 422. A victory of, XIV. 301. Inscription in Thibet declaring, XVIII. 250 _et seq._

Peace Congress, at Brussels, II. 402; resolutions of same, II. 403. At Paris, III. 117; resolutions of same, III. 118.

Peace Society, American, address before, II. 323. Object of, II. 331, 338. Its aims not visionary, II. 333, 411. Right of self-defence and revolution not denied by, II. 337. Founded by W. Ladd, II. 400.

Pen, the, better than the sword, V. 58.

Penn, William, conduct of, to the Indians, I. 117. His labors for peace, II. 387.

Pennsylvania System of prison discipline, established in Pa., I. 169; II. 121. Present, not solitary, I. 169. Explained, I. 170; II. 117, 122. Best promotes reformation, I. 173. Objections to, refuted, I. 174-176; II. 144. Foreign opinions on, I. 176; II. 132. Adopted extensively in Europe, I. 177; II. 133-137, 146. Advocated by E. Livingston and Miss Dix, I. 178; and by Suringar, I. 180. Unjustly treated by Boston Prison-Discipline Society, I. 179; II. 108, 124 _et seq._ Modes of applying, II. 123. G. Combe on, II. 126-128. Roscoe quoted on, II. 128. Lafayette quoted on, II. 130. Compared to Auburn system, II. 144-146.

Pensions, not granted for civil services in United States, IV. 233.

Peonage, prohibition of, XIV. 232.

Person, in the Constitution, includes slaves and Indians, III. 298; VIII. 277; XI. 194.

Petition, refusal of right of, to colored persons, VI. 288. Right of, personal, VI. 289; and secured by the Constitution to the people, VI. 294. Interruption of right of, XIV. 86.

Pettigru, James L., of South Carolina, remarks on a resolution for purchase of his law library, XIV. 103.

Phi Beta Kappa Oration, at Harvard University in 1846, I. 241. At Union College, II. 240.

Phillips, Stephen C., Free-Soil candidate for Governor of Massachusetts in 1848 and 1849, II. 317; III. 43.

Philology, comparative, value of, I. 257.

Physicians, colored, XVII. 186.

Pickering, John, biographical sketch of, I. 214. Letters of Dr. Clarke to, quoted, I. 215. Compared to Sir W. Jones, I. 237. Tribute to, as scholar, in Phi Beta Kappa oration, I. 249-258.

Pierce, Franklin, President of United States, his usurpation in abrogating treaty with Denmark, V. 101. Admits illegal actions in Kansas, V. 162. Has power to interfere in Kansas, V. 187, 191 _et seq._ Enforces surrender of Anthony Burns, V. 189 _et seq._ Compared to George III., V. 209 _et seq._, 238.

Pilgrim Forefathers, our, IV. 74-79; XX. 291.

Pinkney, William, on slavery, III. 289; VIII. 262; XII. 155. Suggests Missouri Compromise in Senate, IV. 110, 117.

Plato, on honor, I. 64. On true goodness, I. 123. On atoning for slaughter by prayer, II. 362.

Plymouth, speech at festival of Aug. 1, 1853, IV. 73.

Plymouth Rock, finger-point from, IV. 73.

Politics, our, seen from a distance VI. 60.

Polk, Trusten, of Missouri, expulsion of, from the Senate, VIII. 12.

Polygamy, in Territories, may be suppressed by Congress, IV. 129; VII. 1. In Utah, VII. 63.

Poor, Rear-Admiral, orders of, respecting San Domingo and Hayti, XIX. 57. Interview of, with President of Hayti, XIX. 64-66.

Popular Sovereignty, not infringed by prohibition of slavery in Territories, IV. 127. Cannot establish slavery in same, V. 156; VI. 230, 364; VII. 41. The pretended principle of Douglas party in 1860, VI. 362. Proclaimed by Declaration of Independence, VI. 363; VII. 50; XVII. 217,--but limited by same, VI. 364; VII. 52; XVII. 218. Origin and development of perversion of, VI. 365 _et seq._ True, defined, VII. 53. Disturbing influence of pretension of, VII. 62. See _Squatter Sovereignty_.

Population, amount required for admission of new States, V. 218-221. Of slave and free States, VI. 144 _et seq._, 328. Predicted increase of, in United States, VII. 47; XVI. 280; XVII. 239.

Portraits, the best, in engraving, XIX. 175. Collections of, XIX. 177-179.

Portugal, British violation of territory of, XII. 27-32. Testimony of, against slavery, XII. 173-175.

Post-Office, the, originally a source of revenue in England, XVIII. 62-64. In the Colonies, XVIII. 66-68. Need of reform in, in England, XVIII. 68; testimony to same, XVIII. 72-75; accomplishment of same, XVIII. 76. Unjust burdens on United States, XVIII. 90-95. Expense to, not caused by distance, XVIII. 95-97; authorities proving same, XVIII. 95 _et seq._ Not a taxing machine, but a beneficent agency, XVIII. 107-109. Need not support itself, XVIII. 109-112.

Postage, cheap ocean, III. 215; XVII. 1. Amount collected in slave and free States, VI. 149. In Continental Europe and England, XVIII. 61. Penny, established in England, XVIII. 76; results of same, XVIII. 77-80, 87, 104. Need of cheap, in United States, XVIII. 81, 112. Various rates of United States, XVIII. 82-85. Results of reduction of, in England and United States, XVIII. 87-90. See _One-cent Postage_.

Pownall, Thomas, XV. 371. His writings and predictions concerning America, XV. 372-385. Predictions opposed to his, XV. 385 _et seq._

President of the United States, pardoning power of the, III. 219. Cannot abrogate treaties, V. 101 _et seq._ Had power to interfere in Kansas, V. 187, 191 _et seq._ Does not possess all war-powers, IX. 138-140. Power of, over letters of marque, IX. 296-298. His power of instituting State governments, XI. 365; XIV. 190,--Senator Collamer on same, XIII. 43. Protection against, XIV. 239. A single term for and choice by direct vote of the people, XIV. 278. Right of President of Senate _pro tem._ to vote on impeachment of the, XVI. 88. His powers of removal under the Constitution, XVI. 190-196. Cannot, by his prerogative, refuse to execute the laws, XVI. 204-208. Authorities on his treaty-making power, XIX. 79-81. One term for, XIX. 168; XX. 157-161, 220,--testimony in favor of same, XIX. 169-173; XX. 158, 221-223. Obligations of, XX. 90. His prerogative in regard to bestowing offices, XX. 115 _et seq._; and in appointing his Cabinet, XX. 127 _et seq._ Influence of, should be diminished, XX. 161.

Presidential Election of 1856, our Bunker Hill, VI. 43.

Presidential Election of 1860, letters on, VI. 111, 287, 342; VII. 80. Anticipated effects of Republican victory in, VI. 337-341, 377; VII. 78, 83 _et seq._ Candidates and issues of, VI. 352. Real question of, VII. 39. Evening before the, VII. 70. Evening after the, VII. 76. Ultimatum of the South in, VII. 333. Result of, XII. 260.

Presidential Election of 1864, issues of, XI. 419, 433. Parties of, XI. 420. Congratulations on, XII. 1.

Presidential Election of 1868, issues at the, XVI. 326, 332.

Presidential Election of 1872, letter to colored citizens on, XX. 173. Antecedents of candidates in, XX. 177-182; nominations of same, XX. 182 _et seq._ Platforms in, XX. 183. Watchword for, XX. 194. Letter to Speaker Blaine on, XX. 196. Speech on, XX. 209.

Presiding Officers, powers of, XVI. 99; same must be decided by Parliamentary law, XVI. 102 _et seq._ Authorities respecting powers of, in House of Lords, XVI. 104-110. Instances of, not members of House of Lords, XVI. 108, 110-119. Authorities respecting powers of, in House of Commons and House of Representatives, XVI. 126-129.

Press, the, in slave and free States, VI. 155. Freedom of, restricted in slave States, VI. 184-186.

Prévost-Paradol, M., XVIII. 184.

Price, reduction of, increases consumption, XVIII. 86.

Price, Richard, on government, XIII. 203. Labors of, XV. 366. His predictions concerning America, XV. 367-370.