Part 25

Financial Reconstruction, through public faith and specie payments, XVI. 259; XVII. 234. Depends on political, XVI. 264-266, 294, 355. Means of, XVI. 278-281; XVII. 237-241, 279-281. Propositions of Secretary of Treasury for, considered, XVII. 241-244. Consideration of Mr. Sumner’s bill for, XVII. 245-253, 279 _et seq._; and of bill from Committee of Finance for, XVII. 255-260, 264, 266-270. Substitute for latter explained, XVII. 260 _et seq._, 264-266, 273-277. Substitute of Finance Committee for Mr. Sumner’s bill considered, XVII. 281-298.

Fish, Hamilton, Secretary of State, personal relations of Mr. Sumner with, XIX. 99, 106-124. His interest in annexation of San Domingo, XIX. 107. His removal of Mr. Motley, XIX. 109; his paper on same, XIX. 109-112; quotation from above paper, XIX. 110; inconsistencies in same, XIX. 115-117.

Fisheries, Canadian, XII. 48. Of Russian America, XV. 141-161. Influence of, XV. 161-165. Growth of, in United States, XV. 162, 165. R. Izard on, XV. 163.

Five-Twenties (bonds), payment of, XVII. 245-247.

Flag, the national, the emblem of union for freedom, III. 238; XVI. 43,--history of same, XVI. 43-45.

Florida, memorial of, for admission into the Union, quoted, V. 220.

Florida, the, case of, XII. 9.

Fontenelle, on progress, II. 260.

Foot, Solomon, Senator from Vermont, speech on death of, XIV. 33.

Foreign Relations, prudence in our, IX. 257. Speech on, in New York, in 1863, IX. 327. Principles to be observed in, XVII. 117; XVIII. 253. See _Com. on Foreign Relations_.

Foreigners, in ancient and modern times, V. 77. In United States, V. 77. Our duty to welcome, V. 78; XVII. 183. Services of, in United States and Europe, V. 78-80. Indifference of Mr. Sumner to, denied, XVI. 315-317. Rights of naturalized, in their native countries, to be determined by international law, XVI. 317.

Forney, John W., remarks at a dinner to, XVIII. 310.

Forts, no surrender of the Northern, VII. 200.

Foster, Lafayette S., Senator from Connecticut, remarks of, on testimony of colored persons, answered, IX. 157-161.

Fourteenth Amendment, withdrawal of assent to, by Ohio, XVI. 69.

Fourth of July, oration on true grandeur of nations, I. 1. Letters for celebration of, at Boston in 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, and 1865, III. 165, 238; IV. 32, 228; XII. 297.

Fox, Charles James, on the American War, I. 343 _et seq._, 348. On weakness of temporizing, VII. 332. On war with America, XV. 407.

Fox, George, intercedes for Quaker slaves in Algiers, II. 35.

France, army of, in 1845, I. 75; and in 1870, XVIII. 195. Navy of, in 1837, I. 76; and in 1870, XVIII. 195. Fortifications and militia of, I. 77. Relative expenditure of, for war-preparations, I. 78. Efforts of, to free white slaves in Algiers, II. 31. Favors separate system in prisons, II. 133-135, 146. Equality developed and proclaimed in, by its literature and constitutions, III. 58-63; XI. 218-221; XIII. 198-202. Abrogation of its treaties with United States in 1798, V. 104; debate in Congress on same, quoted, V. 105. Alliance of, with American colonies, VII. 118. Revolution of 1789 in, VII. 131; same brought about by few persons, VII. 336. Testimony of government of, to rights of neutral ships, VIII. 63, 70. Paper money in, VIII. 194, 204; XVI. 359. Confiscation in, IX. 55-58. Unfriendly actions of, to United States during our Civil War, X. 41-47; X. 256. Recognition of United States by, X. 89; XI. 97. Claims on, for spoliations of American commerce before July 31, 1801, XI. 70. Origin and history of counter-claims of, XI. 96-113; adjustment of same with United States, XI. 113-123. Mints in, XI. 264. Slavery condemned by law and literature of, XII. 162-169. Testimony of, to republican government, XIII. 198-202. Its growth into a nation, XVI. 17. Instance of barbarous manners in, XVII. 168. And Germany, the duel between, XVIII. 175. Resources of, in 1870, XVIII. 194. Had no right to interfere with Spain, XVIII. 198. Foolish causes of certain wars of, XVIII. 202. Instances of capture of sovereigns of, XVIII. 206-208. Retribution upon, XVIII. 213. Dismemberment of, XVIII. 219; reasons against same, XVIII. 220-222; authorities against same, XVIII. 221 _et seq._ Advantages of disarmament of, XVIII. 223-229. Charity to, XVIII. 319. Obligations of United States to, XVIII. 319. Annexation of Nice and Savoy to, XIX. 30. Peace and the republic for, XIX. 159. Numerical size of its Assembly, XX. 2. Sale of arms to, by U. S. in Franco-Prussian war, XX. 5; testimony showing need of inquiry into same, XX. 25-40.

Franco-German War, a duel, XVIII. 177. Proper adjustment of, XVIII. 183. Origin and pretexts of, XVIII. 183-191. Debates in French Chamber previous to, XVIII. 184 _et seq._, 187-190. Declared, XVIII. 192 _et seq._ Folly of, XVIII. 196. True reason of, XVIII. 200. Progress and character of, XVIII. 203-206. Should have ended at Sedan, XVIII. 216. Three essential conditions of peace after, XVIII. 216, 217. Publicity of, XVIII. 243. Testimony to horrors of, XVIII. 245.

Frankfort, Penitentiary Congress at, II. 245, 402.

Franking, abolition of, XVIII. 57. In England, XVIII. 57, 61. In United States, XVIII. 58. Substitute for, XVIII. 59. Origin of, in England, XVIII. 64-66; abolition of, in same, XVIII. 76.

Franklin, Benjamin, industry of, I. 188. Worldly wisdom of, I. 189. Petitions for abolition of slavery, I. 312; II. 68, 231, 294; III. 17, 293; VI. 203. Letter of, to Mr. Strahan, quoted, I. 382. His apologue on Algerine slavery, II. 68; VI. 203. On war, II. 398; XX. 80,--his labors against same, II. 398. On duels, VI. 183. On compensation to loyalists, IX. 66. And John Slidell at Paris, X. 221. Origin and history of the Latin verse applied to, X. 222-225, 233-237, 242, 248-252. Portraits of, in France, with Latin motto, X. 242-246. Translations of Latin verse on, X. 252-255; letter of, on same, X. 253. On republican government, XIII. 176, 299. His friendship with Bishop Shipley, XV. 332. On the colonial post-office, XVIII. 67.

Frederick II., of Prussia, on invoking God in war, I. 56. On effect of his standing army, II. 370; XVIII. 226; testimony of Lafayette to same, XVIII. 227.

Free Banking, objections to, XVII. 259 _et seq._

Free-Soil Conventions, speeches at, III. 4; IV. 3. Address adopted by, in 1849, III. 6. Letter to, in 1852, III. 240.

Free-Soil Party, importance of its organization, II. 299. Principles of, II. 307; III. 26-29, 138, 153. Appeal for, II. 316. Explained and vindicated, III. 6. A national party, III. 8-10. Does not interfere with slavery in the States, III. 27, 48, 139, 141. Necessary, III. 32. Objections to, refuted, III. 34-41, 141. Demands of, III. 139.

Freedmen, special committee on slavery and, X. 271. Necessity of caring for, XI. 302-327; XVIII. 301. Testimony to their desire for work, XI. 303-305. Classes of, XI. 311. Dangers of, XI. 315; XII. 321; XVII. 102,--testimony to same, XI. 344 _et seq._; XII. 323; XIII. 66-96; XVI. 350 _et seq._ Guaranties for, XII. 305, 325-329. Colonization for, XII. 334. Enfranchisement and protection of, XIII. 55. Kidnapping of, XIII. 101. Home-steads for, XIV. 307-309; XV. 188.

Freedmen’s Bureau, creation of the, XI. 301. Location of, XI. 307, 315, 321-323, 341 _et seq._; authorities on same, XI. 312-314. Despoiled by President Johnson, XVI. 169.

Freedom, the party of, II. 228, 291; IV. 3. Whigs and Democrats must unite to defend, II. 234, 238. Principles of party of, II. 297; IV. 8. A last rally for, II. 320. Our country on the side of, without belligerent intervention, III. 180. Is national, III. 237, 242, 274; VI. 361. National, slavery sectional: speech, III. 257. Whig and Democratic parties opposed to, IV. 5. Prospects of party of, IV. 9. Necessity of union to uphold, IV. 15. The landmark of, IV. 81. Hope for, in United States, IV. 148. The demands of, IV. 333. Unity for, IX. 316.

Friends, Society of, in New England, petitions for repeal of Fugitive Slave Bill, III. 234. See _Quakers_.

Fugitive Clause in the Constitution, III. 303, 356; X. 341. False assumptions as to origin of, III. 303-306; X. 352-354. True origin of, III. 306-309; X. 354-360. Neglected at first, III. 309 _et seq._ Merely a compact between States, III. 356-358; X. 366-368. Interpretation of, III. 358-361; IV. 182; VI. 229; X. 342-352; XI. 234-238. Granville Sharp on, IV. 319 _et seq._ Ambiguity of, X. 346. Applicable to indented servants, X. 348. Authorities denying power of Congress under, X. 368-372.

Fugitive Slave Acts, wrong and unconstitutionality of, X. 338. Relation of, to slavery, X. 339-341. Final repeal of all, XI. 229.

Fugitive Slave Bill, denounced, III. 127, 312; IV. 162, 342; V. 44; VII. 3; X. 394; XI. 239. Unconstitutional, III. 128, 312 _et seq._; IV. 162, 342; X. 360, 384. Mr. Sumner’s relation to, III. 132. Appeal against its execution, III. 134-137. Presentation of a memorial against, III. 234. Attempt to discuss, III. 243. Speeches for repeal of, III. 257; IV. 333; XI. 229. Difficulties of discussing, III. 267. A usurpation by Congress and a breach of State rights, III. 326; IV. 163, 214, 337; X. 364-372. Its denial of trial by Jury unconstitutional, III. 328-338; IV. 162; X. 372-380. Compared to Stamp Act, III. 339; IV. 165. Public sentiment of free States opposed to, III. 346; IV. 348. Consequences of, III. 349-351; X. 385-390. Favored by Mercantile interest, III. 351. Substitute for, III. 356-361. Must be disobeyed, III. 364; IV. 282; V. 46; VII. 3. Speeches on Boston petition for repeal of, IV. 159, 172. Authors of, IV. 213; X. 390-393. Peaceful opposition to, IV. 228. No pension for service in support of, IV. 230. Struggle for repeal of, IV. 239. Compared to Massachusetts law against witchcraft, IV. 276. Legislation of States in regard to, defended, IV. 243-245. No recognition of, VIII. 238-240. Origin of, X. 363. Webster on, X. 370. Not necessary, X. 391. Humboldt on, XI. 240.

Fugitive Slaves, entitled to trial by jury, III. 328; IV. 215; X. 373,--authorities proving same, according to the Constitution and common law, III. 330-338; X. 374-377. Defended by Granville Sharp, IV. 297-313; VIII. 279; XI. 237,--opinion of same on laws for surrender of, IV. 319. Instructions of Secretary of War in favor of, VII. 348. Conduct of our generals towards, in the Civil War, VII. 359; VIII. 8 _et seq._, 351. The national armies and, VIII. 7. No surrender of, in Washington, IX. 78. Objections to trial by jury for, X. 377-380. Commissioners for trial of, X. 381-384. Heroism of, XVII. 172.

Fugitives from service, Act of 1793 for surrender of, III. 310, 315; X. 361,--opposition to same, III. 311; X. 361-363,--Judge Story’s decision on same, III. 315 _et seq._; XI. 233. See _Fugitive Clause_ and _Fugitive Slaves_.

Funding Bills, speeches on, XVI. 259; XVII. 234. Described, XVI. 281-284; XVII. 245-249.

G.

Galiani, Ferdinando, Abbé, prophecies of, concerning America, X. 234; XV. 361 _et seq._ Character and works of, XV. 359-361.

Garrison, William Lloyd, reward offered by Georgia for arrest of, VI. 191 _et seq._ Letter to, VI. 343.

Genoa, siege of, in 1800, I. 26-29.

Georgia, admission of, to representation in Congress, XVIII. 23; condition of, in 1870, XVIII. 25. Bingham amendment to Act for, XVIII. 26. Powers of Congress over, XVIII. 27-32. Different modes of treatment for, XVIII. 32 _et seq._ Forfeits its title to recognition, XVIII. 35.

German Emigrant, the, must be against slavery, IV. 19.

German Fellow-citizens, our, and a true Reconstruction, VIII. 238.

Germany, plans of universal peace developed in, II. 392-397; XVIII. 233-236. Pretensions of State sovereignty in, XVI. 18-20. Protection of American citizens in, XVI. 312. The duel between France and, XVIII. 175. Resources of, in 1870, XVIII. 194. Indemnity to, XVIII. 217. Guaranty claimed by, XVIII. 219. Proper guaranty for, XVIII. 223; advantages of same, XVIII. 223-229. Sufferings of, from war, XVIII. 232. Charity to France or, XVIII. 319. Obligations of United States to, XVIII. 320. See _Franco-German War_ and _Prussia_.

Gettysburg, battle of, XII. 271. Lincoln’s speech at, XII. 271, 272; XIX. 226.

Gibbon, Edward, autobiography of, I. 190. On praise, II. 180.

Giddings, Joshua R., treatment of, by slave-masters in Congress, VI. 206-208.

Gifts, acceptance of, by office-holders, XX. 118, 215. Instances of refusal of, XX. 119-122, 215 _et seq._

Gladstone, William E., XX. 274.

Glory, defined, II. 162. In antiquity, II. 163-165, 169. Cicero’s opinions on, II. 165, 170-174. In Middle Ages, II. 166. Among savages, II. 167. Sir W. Jones on, II. 175. Influence of, II. 175, 194. Pascal on, II. 177. Love of, a low motive, II. 178 _et seq._ Desire for, dangerous, II. 180. Burke on, II. 181. False, II. 182. True, defined, II. 184, 194. Waller on true, II. 185. Wolfe’s idea of, II. 186. Nature of military, II. 187, 424-428. Examples of false and true, II. 197-200. Lincoln on military, XII. 262.

God, not the God of armies, I. 57.

Gold, coined, is merchandise, XI. 270; authorities stating same, XI. 271. Necessity of inspection for, XI. 272.

Government, improvement of, XVII. 136-138. The science of justice, XVII. 138. Reform and purity in, XX. 5. Personal, unrepublican, XX. 93 _et seq._ See _Military Government_, _Republican Government_, and _Self-Government_.

Grant, Ulysses S., President of United States, labors to popularize annexion of San Domingo, XVIII. 270; XIX. 91; XX. 148. His usurpation in threatening Hayti and San Domingo by ships of war, XVIII. 282; XIX. 31, 78, 81, 90; XX. 88, 147, 151, 178 _et seq._, 217 _et seq._ On rejection of treaty for annexion of San Domingo, XVIII. 284; XIX. 92; XX. 148. Threatens independence of Hayti, in annual message, XVIII. 284-288; XIX. 91. His endeavor to change the committee on foreign relations, XVIII. 289. Interview of, with Mr. Sumner on San Domingo treaties, XVIII. 293 _et seq._ No precedent for his assumption of war-powers in Dominican treaty, XIX. 82,--his usurpation continued after rejection of same, XIX. 85; XX. 148,--testimony to same, XIX. 87 _et seq._ Personal relations of Mr. Sumner with, XIX. 99, 104-106; XX. 155, 200. His pretensions, as President, XX. 90-92, 124-153. As a civilian, XX. 97 _et seq._ E. M. Stanton’s opinion of, XX. 98-100. Duty of exposing, XX. 100. His nepotism, XX. 101 _et seq._, 128. Takes gifts and repays with office, XX. 117, 122-124, 216. His selection of his Cabinet, XX. 122 _et seq._, 125 _et seq._ His inaugural address, XX. 125. His appropriation of offices, XX. 128 _et seq._, 166. His assault on a safeguard of the Treasury, XX. 129-131. Appoints army officers as secretaries, XX. 131 _et seq._; illegality of same, XX. 133-137. His interference in local politics, XX. 142 _et seq._ The great Presidential quarreller, XX. 153-156. Duty of Republican party as to his reëlection, XX. 156. Favors originally one term for President, XX. 157, 222; necessity of same shown by his example, XX. 159 _et seq._ Unfit to be President, XX. 162, 254. Apologies for, considered, XX. 162-165. Indifferent to colored people, XX. 165, 181 _et seq._ As a candidate for reëlection, XX. 165-169. His antecedents, XX. 177-182. His nomination for reëlection, XX. 182 _et seq._ His supporters, XX. 184. Frederick Douglass and, XX. 205. Greeley or, XX. 209. His reëlection secured by office-holders, XX. 223-225.

Grantism, Republicanism _vs._, XX. 83.

Great Britain, war of, with United States in 1812, I. 17, 31 _et seq._; VIII. 50-52. Public debt and annual taxation of, in 1842, I. 73. Army of, in 1845, I. 75. Navy of, I. 76. Fortifications and militia of, I. 77. Relative expenditure of, for war-preparations, I. 78. Emancipation of slaves in West Indies by, I. 127; V. 28-30; VI. 343. Treaties of, with Barbary States, II. 30,--abolishes white slavery in same, II. 78, 80; VIII. 297; X. 72. Great institutions of liberty originated by, IV. 38; VIII. 41. Mode of abrogation of treaty of, with United States, concerning Oregon, V. 106. Early support of slave-trade by, V. 149; X. 71; XIII. 313. Ground of her complaint in Trent case, VIII. 35-37. Pretensions of, in maritime questions, VIII. 41. Testimony to policy of, in regard to neutral rights, VIII. 42-56, 63, 64, 67; XII. 16-32, 38-41. Prohibits paper money in America, VIII. 190. Paper money in history of, VIII. 203. Treaties of, with United States, to suppress slave-trade, VIII. 337-341. Efforts of, against slave-trade, VIII. 339, 343; X. 74-77. History of intervention of, against slavery, X. 71-84. Relations with: the St. Albans raid, XII. 42. Slavery condemned by law and literature of, XII. 156-162. Attitude of justice towards, XIV. 96. Reported designs of, against Russian America, XV. 43-48. Action of, concerning surplus of indemnity paid by France in 1815 and 1818, XVIII. 129. See _England_.

Greeley, Horace, antecedents of, XX. 177 _et seq._ His nomination to the Presidency, XX. 182 _et seq._, 242 _et seq._ His supporters, XX. 184 _et seq._ His election the triumph of Republican principles, XX. 185-187, 198 _et seq._ Reasons for his nomination, XX. 191. Or Grant? speech, XX. 209. Reasons for voting for, XX. 213, 241, 248. On reconciliation between North and South, XX. 227. His fidelity to Republican principles, XX. 249-252. Letter of, quoted, XX. 250. Tribute to, XX. 256. His devotion to Henry Clay, XX. 261.

Greene, Nathanael, Gen., on weakness of South Carolina in Revolutionary War, IV. 203-206. Speech on presentation of statue of, XVII. 299.

Greener, Richard T., article by, on necessity of supplementary civil-rights bill, quoted, XIX. 271.

Grégoire, Henri, Abbé, career of, XV. 408-410. His prophecies concerning America, XV. 410 _et seq._

Grimes, James W., Senator from Iowa, reply to his criticism on bill for creation of Freedmen’s Bureau, XI. 323-339, 343-349.

Griswold, Rufus W., letter to, III. 213.

Grotius, on substitutes for war, II. 385. His definition of war, IX. 21. On recognition of States, X. 107. On reprisals, XVI. 303, 305. On alienation of territory, XVIII. 221.

Guaranties, against slavery, X. 295. Irreversible, XI. 351. For the national freedman and the national creditor, XII. 305, 325-329; XVII. 101-116,--modes of obtaining same, XII. 333-341; XVII. 115.

Guaranty of Republican Government to State, must be fulfilled by Congress, X. 211; XI. 370; XII. 197, 331; XIII. 62, 136, 211, 327; XV. 231; XVI. 245; XVII. 43; XVIII. 4, 28. Upheld by Madison, X. 212; XIII. 139. Part execution of, XIII. 14, 113, 323. Origin and purpose of, XIII. 139-143. Webster on, XIII. 143. Authorities declaring duty of Congress to fulfil, XIII. 212; arguments against same, refuted, XIII. 213-215; XVII. 44.

Guizot, on increase of toleration in old age, XX. 264.

Gurowski, Adam, Count, his work on slavery, VI. 347. Letter to, VII. 184.

H.

Habeas Corpus, suspension of, in United States and Ireland, X. 16 _et seq._

Hale, John P., Free-Soil candidate for President in 1852, IV. 10. His remarks on testimony of colored persons in United States courts answered, IX. 154-156.

Hale, Sir Matthew, on arrangement of time, I. 201.

Halleck, Henry W., Gen., orders of, for surrender of fugitive slaves, VII. 359 _et seq._, VIII. 356 _et seq._ His work on international law, VIII. 330. On consuls, VIII. 330. On privateering, IX. 287. On seizures in neutral waters, XII. 13. On retaliation, XII. 78. On reprisals, XVI. 303, 305, 306. On equality of nations, XIX. 70. On belligerent intervention, XIX. 74 _et seq._

Hamilton, Alexander, views of, on slavery, III. 287. On republican government, XIII. 147, 182 _et seq._ On right of negroes to representation, XIII. 183 _et seq._, 329; XVI. 251; XVII. 45. His plan of representation, XIII. 329. On sovereignty of the Union, XVI. 29, 33. On State rights, XVI. 253. On cessation of obligation of treaties, XVIII. 35. On the treaty-making power, XIX. 79 _et seq._

Hamlin, Hannibal, Republican candidate for Vice-Presidency in 1860, VI. 337.

Harper’s Ferry Investigation, speeches on imprisonment of Thaddeus Hyatt for refusing to testify in, VI. 80.

Harrison, William H., on one term for the President, XIX. 170; XX. 158, 221.

Hartley, David, XV. 347. John Adams on, XV. 348. His speeches and letter concerning America, XV. 349-359. The first abolitionist in Parliament, XV. 352.

Harvard University in 1845, I. 80. Expenditures of, I. 82. Law School of, I. 142, 262; III. 101. And Dr. Channing, I. 286. Mottoes of, I. 302. Judge Story’s benefactions to, III. 112. See _Law School of Harvard University_.

Hatch, Davis, on annexion of San Domingo, XVIII. 290. Imprisonment of, XIX. 45; XX. 147, 179,--evidence as to same, XIX. 46-48.

Hawley, Joseph R., Gen., XVIII. 172.

Hayti, and Liberia, independence of, VIII. 307. Entitled to recognition, VIII. 311. Described, VIII. 312-314. Commercial relations of, with United States in 1860, VIII. 315-319. Advantages of recognizing, VIII. 319-322, 324 _et seq._ Consuls not sufficient for, VIII. 325-327, 330-332. Recognition of, early commended, VIII. 327. Merits of citizens of, VIII. 329. Threatened by United States ships of war, XVIII. 277, 303; XIX. 49; XX. 151, 179. Relations of, with Dominica, XVIII. 278-280. President of, on annexion of Dominica, XVIII. 283. Independence of, threatened by President Grant, XVIII. 284-288; XIX. 91; XX. 151, 178 _et seq._ Testimony to threats of United States ships of war against, XIX. 48-51, 57, 64-66. Value of its example, XIX. 49, 155. Treatment of, by United States, a violation of international law, XIX. 71, 75; XX. 88, 147. The equal of other nations, XIX. 72. Presentation of medal from, XIX. 154. Letter to President of, XX. 270.

Henry IV., of France, proposes congress of nations, II. 384; XVIII. 233.

Henry, Patrick, on slavery, II. 231; III. 288; XII. 150. His opposition to the Constitution, X. 182; XII. 125; XIII. 305; XVI. 41. On power of Congress over slavery, XI. 191.

Herder, on progress, II. 257.

Hill, Benjamin H., Senator from Georgia, colloquy of, with Mr. Sumner, on need of civil-rights bill, XIX. 206-212 (_Introduction_).