Part 23

Burke, Edmund, on the American War, I. 346. On glory, II. 181. On recognition of the French Republic, X. 111 _et seq._, 119. On extinction of States, X. 199. On untrustworthiness of slave-masters in regard to freedmen, XII. 293; XIII. 56; XIV. 212. On impeachment, XVI. 106 _et seq._, 144, 151, 153, 156, 158, 160, 214.

Burlingame, Anson, duty to vote for, VI. 20; VII. 73. Congratulation on his reëlection in 1856, VI. 41. Regret for his defeat in 1860, VII. 80. Tribute to, XVI. 319. On disposition of surplus of Chinese indemnity fund, XVIII. 122-123.

Burns, Anthony, surrender of, IV. 261; V. 189.

Burns, Robert, prediction by, concerning America, XV. 404.

Butler, Andrew P., Senator from South Carolina, attacks of, answered, IV. 175-212; V. 145-149. Compared to Don Quixote, V. 144. His hostility to Kansas denounced, V. 239-242. On the fugitive clause in the Constitution, X. 371.

Butler, Benj. F., Gen., care of, for fugitive slaves, VII. 256.

Buxton, Thomas F., course of, in moving emancipation, XVIII. 149 _et seq._

Bynkershoek, his definition of war, I. 15. On confiscation of property in war, IX. 36; XVII. 13. On seizures in neutral waters, XII. 13. On reprisals, XVI. 301.

C.

Cabinet, the President’s, character of the, in United States, XX. 127.

Cabral, José Maria, policy of, in San Domingo, XVIII. 275. Career of, XIX. 33, 35 _et seq._

Calhoun, John C., on equality, as proclaimed in Declaration of Independence, III. 55; XIII. 234; XIX. 300. Opposes irregular admission of Michigan, V. 228. Influence of, VI. 305. His opinions on slavery, VI. 306. Opposes a single national name, XVI. 47; and a national government, XVI. 58. His opinion on powers of Vice-President, as President of Senate, XVI. 122-124.

California, extension of slavery into, threatened, III. 24. Testimony to transportation of slaves to, III. 25. Admission of, III. 124. Safety of passengers in steam-ships for, VI. 109.

Campbell, Lewis D., letter to, VI. 11.

Canaan, curse of, not applicable to Africans, V. 17; VI. 221-223; XVII. 146.

Canada, termination of reciprocity treaty with, XII. 46. Trade of, with United States, XII. 50-52. Cobden on annexation of, to United States, XV. 423 _et seq._; XVII. 129. Invited by Continental Congress to join United Colonies, XVII. 128. Future union of, with the United States predicted, XVII. 129.

Canal, ship-, at Niagara, XIV. 99. Through the Isthmus of Darien, XIV. 124.

Canning, George, on fitting out of privateers by neutrals, X. 31. On recognition of new governments, X. 87. On belligerency, X. 127. On untrustworthiness of slave-masters to legislate for slaves, XIV. 212. Author of Monroe doctrine, XV. 415. On Spanish America, XV. 417.

Cape Cod Association of Massachusetts, letter to, IV. 237.

Capital punishment, Rantoul’s efforts for abolition of, III. 249. Letter against, IV. 331.

Capitol, the national, no picture at, of victory over fellow-citizens, XII. 201. Art in the, XIV. 164.

Caroline, case of the, XII. 26; XVII. 75.

Carpenter, Matthew H., Senator from Wisconsin, reply to his criticisms on the supplementary civil-rights bill, XIX. 288-309. On the declaration of Independence, XIX. 303. Reply to his imputations on Mr. Sumner’s fidelity to the Constitution, XIX. 309-313.

Carpet-baggers, XVI. 353.

Cars, street, opening of, to colored persons, X. 323; XV. 222.

Caste, and prejudice of color, I. 161; XI. 228; XIX. 246. In United States, III. 73, 80; XI. 29; XIII. 210; XVII. 37, 133, 145; XIX. 230, 297. Defined, III. 73; XIII. 211; XVII. 140; XIX. 297. Negroes described as a, by foreign writers, III. 75; XI. 29; XIX. 230. Testimony to, in India, III. 76-80; XI. 29; XVII. 144 _et seq._; XIX. 297 _et seq._ Powers of Congress to prohibit, XVII. 34. The successor of slavery, XVII. 37, 133. The question of, XVII. 131. Faith in its disappearance, XVII. 135. In Europe and the East, XVII. 140, 141. In India, XVII. 141-145. Apology for, in United States, XVII. 146. Forbidden by a common humanity, XVII. 162. Importance of question of, XVII. 181.

Cato the Censor, on disposal of slaves, II. 17.

Cattle-plague, power of Congress to counteract the, XIV. 49.

Centralism, true, distinguished from false, XIV. 217; XVI. 60; XIX. 129.

Cérisier, Antoine Marie, XV. 386. John Adams on, XV. 387. His writings and predictions concerning America, XV. 387-391.

Cervantes, a slave in Algiers, II. 9, 34, 38, 39, 94. Efforts of, against slavery, II. 9. On slavery, II. 39. His “Life in Algiers” quoted, II. 88-90.

Chambrun, Marquis de, defended, XX. 9-11.

Champagne, Philippe de, engraved portrait of, XIX. 192; authorities on same, XIX. 192.

Channing, William Ellery, tribute to, as philanthropist, in Phi Beta Kappa oration, I. 284-298. His labors for liberty compared to Milton’s, I. 292. On the true object of life, II. 181. On Whig and Democratic parties, II. 312.

Chaplains, military, II. 361.

Charity, in slave and free States, VI. 150.

Charles V., sends expedition against Tunis, II. 22. Sanctions slave-trade in West Indies, II. 24.

Chatham, Lord, on the American war, I. 346 _et seq._ On withdrawing British troops from Boston, I. 375. On the Stamp Act, III. 345; IV. 169. On authority of judicial decisions, XI. 208. His instructions on violation of Portuguese territory, XII. 28-30.

Chesapeake, case of the, XII. 22; XVII. 74.

Cheyenne Indians, massacre of, XII. 66.

Chicago, the great fire at, and our duty, XIX. 161.

Chief-Justice, the, reasons for requiring him to preside at impeachment of the President, XVI. 89-95. Presiding in the Senate, cannot rule or vote, XVI. 98.

Child, Sir Josiah, XV. 270. Disraeli on his prediction concerning America, XV. 271. On New England, XV. 272 _et seq._

China, our relations with, XVI. 318. Return of Marco Polo from, XVI. 321-323. Results of his travels in, XVI. 323 _et seq._ Convention of 1858 with, and payment of claims on, XVIII. 115-120. Religion of, XVIII. 157.

Chinese, advantages of their immigration to United States, XVII. 183. Naturalization of, defended, XVIII. 152-159.

Chinese Embassy, the, XVI. 318.

Chinese Indemnity Fund, XVIII. 115. Propositions with regard to surplus of, XVIII. 120-127; same not declined by China, XVIII. 127-129; duty of United States as to same, XVIII. 130-133.

Chivalry, pretension of slave-masters to, refuted, XI. 449-460. Defined by Kenelm Digby, XI. 460.

Choate, Rufus, on Whig views of slavery, II. 311. On the Declaration of Independence, XIX. 301.

Choiseul, Claude, Duc de, career of, XV. 321-326. His predictions concerning America, XV. 323-325.

Cholera from abroad, power of Congress to provide against, XIV. 59.

Christianity, opposed to war, I. 54, 58. The religion of progress, II. 251; and of equality, III. 57. Does not sanction slavery, V. 19.

Church, the, its attitude in relation to war, I. 54, 58. Its early testimony against war, I. 59. Doctrine of millennium in the, II. 250. Condemns trial by battle, II. 346. In America, early opposed to slavery, III. 289-291; VI. 313; XII. 151-154. Testimony of, against slavery, XI. 202; XII. 176.

Cicero, on war, I. 56 (see _note_). On patriotism, I. 68 (see _note_). His opinions on glory, II. 165, 170-174. On unjust laws, III. 362; XI. 207. On a commonwealth, X. 106 _et seq._ His definition of law, X. 109. On government, XIII. 145.

Cities, evil influence of commercial spirit in, IV. 51.

Civil Rights, protection of, XIII. 271. Johnson’s veto of bill for, XIII. 276-279. The same as political rights, XIV. 215. Sufferings from denial of equality in, XIX. 222. Sources of Congressional power to grant, XIX. 232-234, 272-284, 286.

Civil-Rights Bill, supplementary, speeches on, XIX. 203. Necessity of, XIX. 231, 235, 266; XX. 203, 267, 305. Immediate action on, urged, XX. 286, 304-307. Not declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court, XX. 287, 289. Last appeal for, XX. 301. History of, XX. 301-304. Jury provision of, discussed, XX. 307-310.

Civil Service, reform in the, XI. 278; XX. 8. No exclusion of retired army officers from, XVIII. 51. The initial point of reform in, XIX. 168, 174; XX. 161, 220.

Civil War, Livy on, I. 9. Roman opinions of, II. 190 (see _illustrations_, 203-206), 427. Uninvited mediation in, not allowable, X. 49, 85.

Claflin, William, letter to, VII. 182. Candidate for Governor of Massachusetts in 1870, XVIII. 170.

Claims, on France for spoliations of American commerce, XI. 70; objections to same answered, XI. 73-79, 132-158; origin and history of same, XI. 81-96; compensation for same, XI. 158; value of same, XI. 162-166. Authorities on compensation for, XI. 167. Of citizens in rebel States, XVII. 10. For losses by war, instances of payment of, XVII. 19-22, 25-28. Of loyalists after Revolution, XVII. 23; motives of Parliament in allowing same in part, XVII. 24. On England, XVII. 53, 124; XX. 12. On China, convention for, and payment of, XVIII. 115-120.

Clarkson, Thos., beginning of his career, II. 200. His account of Lafayette’s opinions of slavery, II. 210.

Classical Studies, I. 253.

Classics, the, I. 253-255.

Clay, Henry, on claims for French spoliations, XI. 130. On one term for the President, XIX. 171; XX. 158, 221.

Clemency, to political offenders, III. 181. And common-sense, XII. 371. To Rebels, limitations on, XII. 405-412.

Clergy, of New England, protest of, against Nebraska Bill, IV. 140. Their early influence for liberty, IV. 144. Defence of their right to protest, IV. 151. Exemption of, from conscription, IX. 303.

Coal, cheap, XIV. 271. Tax on, oppressive to New England, XIV. 272.

Cobbett, William, sketch of, I. 190-194. On Thos. Paine, I. 195. Industry of, described by himself, I. 195-198. Compared to Scott, I. 198. On amount of sleep required, I. 202.

Cobden, Richard, advocates arbitration, II. 409. Letter on, XII. 366. His character and labors, XV. 422. His prediction concerning America, XV. 423 _et seq._; XVII. 129. On American losses in Rebellion, caused by England, XVII. 77, 78, 80. On penny postage, XVIII. 73.

Coke, Lord, on arrangement of time, I. 200. On surrender of fugitives, X. 365. On the laws of Parliament, XVI. 102.

Coleridge, on Christianity and slavery, V. 20.

Coles, Edward, letter to, III. 253.

Collamer, Jacob, Senator from Vermont, speech on death of, XIII. 38.

Colonies, British, of North America, elements of nationality in, XVI. 22 _et seq._; efforts for union among same, XVI. 23-27. Tend toward independence, XVII. 119. Of North America, postal service in, XVIII. 66-68.

Colonization for freedom, XII. 334.

Color, caste and prejudice of, I. 161; XI. 228; XIX. 246. Prejudice of, peculiar to America, I. 161; III. 99. Removal of disqualification of, in carrying mails, VIII. 247. Exclusion of witnesses on account of, XI. 1. Not a qualification for the franchise, XIII. 214, 307-309; XVI. 246-249; XVII. 40. Distinction of, not recognized by the Constitution, XVI. 247; XVII. 42, 489; XIX. 249,--or by Declaration of Independence, XVI. 247; XVII. 43, 152, 159; XIX. 249; same must be expressly authorized in order to exist, XIX. 250. No distinction of, recognized by common law, as declared by Chief-Justice Holt, XIX. 250. Prejudice of, illustrated by judicial decisions in Ohio, XIX. 252. See _Caste_.

Colorado, objections to admission of, as a State, XIII. 346-373. Requirement of enabling Act for, XIII. 348, 358. Constitution of, quoted, XIII. 349; evidence of its denial of rights to colored persons, XIII. 364 _et seq._

Colored Citizens, passports for, VII. 229. Right and duty of, in organization of government, XII. 231, 298. Hope and encouragement for, XII. 234; XIV. 222. Advice to, XII. 298; XX. 68, 203 _et seq._ Eligibility of, to Congress, XVI. 255. Other rights and duties of, XIX. 164. Letter to, on Presidential election of 1872, XX. 173. Equal rights of, in normal schools, XX. 268.

Colored Persons, refusal to, of right of petition, VI. 288. Free, are citizens of United States, VI. 291; precedents and illustrations proving same, VI. 291-293. Services of, in American wars, VI. 295; IX. 213 _et seq._; X. 141; XIII. 287. Petitions from, formerly presented, VI. 298. Testimony of, in District of Columbia, VIII. 304; in proceedings for confiscation and emancipation, VIII. 364,--and in U. S. courts, IX. 152; XI. 1, 389. Should enlist, IX. 325. Reënslavement of, threatened, X. 217-219. Opening of street-cars to, X. 323; XV. 222. Testimony of American States and European countries to rights of, before 1789, XII. 144-177. Impartial jurors for, XIII. 10. Equal rights of, to be protected by national courts, XIII. 16. Madison on rights of, XIII. 181 _et seq._ Their rights as freemen not violated by fathers of the Republic, XIII. 196 _et seq._, 328. Opinion of Attorney-General declaring them citizens of United States, XIII. 278, 368. Should be chosen on boards of registration in rebel States, XV. 220. Opening of offices to, in District of Columbia, XV. 234. Entitled to all the rights of American citizenship, XIX. 255. Testimony of, to necessity of national legislation for equal civil rights, XIX. 262, 265-272, 279-283, 284-286. Their rights sacrificed, XIX. 319. Retrospect and promise for, XX. 202. See _Civil Rights_, _Colored Citizens_, _Equal Rights_, _Freedmen_, and _Slaves_.

Colored Race, justice to the, XII. 300. Self-sacrifice for, XII. 361.

Colored Schools, closing of, in North Carolina, IX. 112. In Washington, XIX. 1. See _Separate Schools_.

Colored Senators, predicted, XV. 220, 223. Importance of, in settling question of equal rights, XVI. 257; XVIII. 7. The first one, XVIII. 6.

Colored Suffrage, at adoption of the Constitution, VI. 291-293; XII. 147. Judicial decision on, in North Carolina, VI. 292; XI. 287; XII. 147; XIII. 191. In Montana, XI. 62. In Washington, XI. 284. No reconstruction without, XII. 179. Necessity of, in rebel States, XII. 292-296, 298, 325, 327 _et seq._, 340; XIII. 129-136, 219-227; XIV. 210, 230; XVI. 347 _et seq._ In District of Columbia, XIII. 5; XIV. 229. Sources of Congressional power to grant, XIII. 124, 211-213, 215-219, 324-335; XIV. 215 _et seq._; XV. 178-180, 230 _et seq._; XVII. 43-49, 101; XVIII. 3. Alexander Hamilton on, XIII. 183 _et seq._, 329; XVI. 251; XVII. 45. Early public acts of United States on, XIII. 188-190; and of individual States, XIII. 190-194. Testimony to need of, in rebel States, XIII. 344; requirement of, in same, XIV. 289. Should be prescribed throughout U. S. by Act of Congress, XV. 176, 229; XVI. 1; XVII. 51, 101. A constitutional amendment not proper to secure, XV. 177; XVII. 49-51. Mr. Sumner’s personal record on, XVII. 303.

Colored Troops, employment of, IX. 262; XI. 211. Equal pay of, X. 304. Gov. Andrew on pay and enlistment of, X. 316 _et seq._ Opinion of Attorney-General on enlistment of, X. 321 _et seq._ Freedom of wives and children of, XII. 61.

Colors, regimental, no names of victories over fellow-citizens on, VIII. 361; XX. 255.

Combe, George, opinions of, on Pennsylvania system of prison discipline, II. 126-128.

Commerce, in slave and free States, VI. 148 _et seq._

Commercial Relations, suspension of, an act of war, XVI. 299.

Committee on Foreign Relations, reports of, on San Juan boundary question, VII. 216; on draught of convention with Mexico, VIII. 227; on claims on France for spoliations of commerce, XI. 70; and on Chinese indemnity fund, XVIII. 115. President Grant’s endeavor to change the, XVIII. 289.

Common Law, I. 270. Its relation to enlistments by minors in United States, I. 371. On the pardoning power, III. 224. Favors liberty, III. 282, 358 (_see note_); VI. 225; X. 343 _et seq._ In America, III. 332. May be employed to interpret the Constitution, III. 332; IX. 171; XIV. 7; XVI. 100. Requires trial by jury for recovery of escaped villeins, III. 333; X. 375,--authorities proving same, III. 333-337; X. 376. Recognizes no distinction of color, according to Chief-Justice Holt, XIX. 250.

Common Schools, equal rights in, III. 51; XIX. 3, 158, 165, 166, 241-244, 261; XX. 275. Rights of colored children in, under Massachusetts laws, III. 66. Must be open to all, III. 68, 95; XIX. 241, 261. Establishment of, in Massachusetts, VII. 9; XII. 207; XIV. 337. Early opposed in Virginia, VII. 11; XIV. 337. Contributions of, for statue of Horace Mann, VII. 20. Should be established in rebel States, XII. 328; XIV. 334-339; XV. 220-227. A system of, irrespective of color, XX. 275.

Condorcet, his treatise on progress, II. 264. On a slave-master, VI. 166. On Franklin’s mission to Paris, X. 230. On slavery, XII. 168. On republican government, XIII. 199.

Confederation of the United States, formation and weakness of, X. 177-179; XVI. 29 _et seq._

Confiscation of property in war, IX. 35; XVII. 13-15. Authorities respecting, IX. 36 _et seq._; XVII. 13-15. Within national jurisdiction, IX. 38-40; XVII. 19-21, 25-27,--beyond same, IX. 40-44. History of, IX. 53-69; especially in France, IX. 55-58; and in Revolutionary War, IX. 59-69. And emancipation, should be employed against Rebels, IX. 71, 74-77, 128.

Congregate System of prison discipline. See _Auburn System_.

Congress, Mr. Sumner’s refusal to be a candidate for, I. 330. Its power over armies, I. 354; and over the militia, I. 354; IV. 21, 26-30. Mr. Sumner accepts Free-Soil nomination for, II. 301. Modes of preventing war discussed in, II. 406, 407. Has no power to establish slavery, III. 276, 296, 299; VIII. 274,--or to legislate concerning fugitives from service, III. 276, 297, 299, 318; XII. 12. Actions of 1st, in regard to slavery, III. 293; IV. 121. Provisions of Convention of 1787 for powers of, III. 319-324. Cannot interfere with slavery in States, III. 326; IV. 121; VI. 376; VII. 1; IX. 26. Can prohibit slavery in Territories, IV. 125; VI. 233, 376; VII. 1. Has sole power to abrogate treaties, V. 102, 112. Can admit Kansas at once, V. 217. Should overthrow usurpation in Kansas, V. 245. Conduct of slave-masters in, VI. 196-211. War-powers of, against slavery, VII. 258; IX. 45, 128; XI. 191. Power of, over rebel States, VIII. 164-167, 245; IX. 120; X. 167; XI. 361; XII. 329; XIV. 209, 225; XV. 218; XVIII. 31,--sources of above power, VIII. 164-167, 245; X. 208-213; XI. 367, 372; XII. 330-332; XIII. 124-127, 325 _et seq._; XIV. 341; XVI. 344-347. Can make Treasury notes a legal tender, VIII. 183-192. Can abolish slavery in District of Columbia, VIII. 258, 281; is responsible for same, VIII. 265, 280. Can appropriate money to ransom slaves, VIII. 281. Testimony to intervention of, for ransom of Algerine slaves, VIII. 286-291, 293-296. Usage of, in enrolling bills, VIII. 372. Should confiscate property and liberate slaves of Rebels, IX. 71, 146. Achievements of 37th, IX. 144, 205. Protests against final adjournments of, IX. 176; XI. 405; XIV. 348; XV. 172, 240. Chancellor Kent on executive power of, X. 174; XI. 372. Supremacy of, over States, X. 185-190. Exclusion of colored testimony recognized by, XI. 3. Its powers over slavery, XI. 190-195, 209; XII. 62-65. Must determine readmission of rebel States, XI. 296, 361, 366-372. Summer sessions of, XI. 405 _et seq._ Can ratify executive acts, XII. 71; judicial decision proving same, XII. 71. Judicial decisions on its power to regulate commerce between States, XII. 113-117; XIV. 69. Story on its power to establish post-roads, XII. 117, 120. Power and duty of, to grant equal rights to colored persons, XIII. 124-127, 211-219, 324-337; XIV. 210, 215-218; XVI. 1, 61, 252; XVII. 34; XIX. 126-130, 232-234, 266, 272-284, 286. Authorities respecting powers of, under the Constitution, XIII. 216, 273, 278; XVIII. 29; XIX. 277. Power of, to counteract the cattle-plague, XIV. 49; to provide against cholera from abroad, XIV. 59; and to make a ship-canal at Niagara, XIV. 99. The one-man power _vs._, XIV. 181. Power of, to require free schools in rebel States, XIV. 340. Powers of the two Houses of, in absence of a quorum, XV. 185. President Johnson’s defiance of, XVI. 171. Power of, to require conditions for admission of States, XVI. 235, 244; XVIII. 3-5,--objections to same refuted, XVI. 236-252. Eligibility of colored citizens to, XVI. 255. Judicial decisions on political powers of, XVI. 346. Its treatment of claims for losses by Revolutionary War and War of 1812, XVII. 25-28. Powers of, to prohibit inequality, caste, and oligarchy of the skin, XVII. 34. Admission of Virginia to representation in, XVII. 204. Power and duty of, to protect Reconstruction, XVII. 208; XVIII. 26-32. Not pledged by Reconstruction Acts to admit rebel States, XVII. 208-210, 224-226. Power of, over national banks, XVII. 293-296. Admission of Mississippi to representation in, XVIII. 1; and of Georgia, XVIII. 23.

Congress, Continental, on object of the Revolution, III. 281; VI. 226; XIII. 174; XVI. 31. New governments arranged by, X. 204. Testimony of, to rights of colored persons, XII. 148; XIII. 189. Resolutions and addresses of, quoted, XIII. 170. Debate in, on fisheries, XV. 162 _et seq._ Meeting of the, XVI. 26.

Congress of Nations, a substitute for war, I. 51; II. 414; III. 117. Suggested by Henry IV. of France, II. 385; XVIII. 233. Advocated by Grotius and others, II. 385,--by William Penn, II. 387,--by the Abbé Saint-Pierre, II. 388; XVIII. 233,--by Rousseau, II. 391; XVIII. 233,--by German writers, especially Kant, II. 393-397; XVIII. 233-236,--by Bentham, II. 397,--by the Peace Congress at Brussels, II. 403,--by the legislature of Massachusetts and in Congress, II. 407,--and by M. Bouvet in France and Arnold Ruge in Germany, II. 408.

Conkling, Roscoe, Senator from New York, letter of, indorsing Remington and Sons, XX. 28.

Connecticut, valley of the, IX. 249.

Conscription, Mr. Monroe on, I. 355. Exemption of clergymen from, IX. 303.

Conservatism, true, defined, II. 278, 289; III. 249. False, II. 278.

Consols, should not be established in United States, XVII. 287.