Charles Darwin: His Life Told in an Autobiographical Chapter, and in a Selected Series of His Published Letters

CHAPTER XVIII.

Chapter 208,805 wordsPublic domain

CONCLUSION.

Some idea of the general course of my father's health may have been gathered from the letters given in the preceding pages. The subject of health appears more prominently than is often necessary in a Biography, because it was, unfortunately, so real an element in determining the outward form of his life.

My father was at one time in the hands of Dr. Bence Jones, from whose treatment he certainly derived benefit. In later years he became a patient of Sir Andrew Clark, under whose care he improved greatly in general health. It was not only for his generously rendered service that my father felt a debt of gratitude towards Sir Andrew Clark. He owed to his cheering personal influence an often-repeated encouragement, which latterly added something real to his happiness, and he found sincere pleasure in Sir Andrew's friendship and kindness towards himself and his children. During the last ten years of his life the state of his health was a cause of satisfaction and hope to his family. His condition showed signs of amendment in several particulars. He suffered less distress and discomfort, and was able to work more steadily.

Scattered through his letters are one or two references to pain or uneasiness felt in the region of the heart. How far these indicate that the heart was affected early in life, I cannot pretend to say; in any case it is certain that he had no serious or permanent trouble of this nature until shortly before his death. In spite of the general improvement in his health, which has been above alluded to, there was a certain loss of physical vigour occasionally apparent during the last few years of his life. This is illustrated by a sentence in a letter to his old friend Sir James Sulivan, written on January 10, 1879: "My scientific work tires me more than it used to do, but I have nothing else to do, and whether one is worn out a year or two sooner or later signifies but little."

A similar feeling is shown in a letter to Sir J. D. Hooker of June 15, 1881. My father was staying at Patterdale, and wrote: "I am rather despondent about myself.... I have not the heart or strength to begin any investigation lasting years, which is the only thing I enjoy, and I have no little jobs which I can do."

In July, 1881, he wrote to Mr. Wallace: "We have just returned home after spending five weeks on Ullswater; the scenery is quite charming, but I cannot walk, and everything tires me, even seeing scenery.... What I shall do with my few remaining years of life I can hardly tell. I have everything to make me happy and contented, but life has become very wearisome to me." He was, however, able to do a good deal of work, and that of a trying sort,[300] during the autumn of 1881, but towards the end of the year, he was clearly in need of rest: and during the winter was in a lower condition than was usual with him.

On December 13, he went for a week to his daughter's house in Bryanston Street. During his stay in London he went to call on Mr. Romanes, and was seized when on the door-step with an attack apparently of the same kind as those which afterwards became so frequent. The rest of the incident, which I give in Mr. Romanes' words, is interesting too from a different point of view, as giving one more illustration of my father's scrupulous consideration for others:--

"I happened to be out, but my butler, observing that Mr. Darwin was ill, asked him to come in. He said he would prefer going home, and although the butler urged him to wait at least until a cab could be fetched, he said he would rather not give so much trouble. For the same reason he refused to allow the butler to accompany him. Accordingly he watched him walking with difficulty towards the direction in which cabs were to be met with, and saw that, when he had got about three hundred yards from the house, he staggered and caught hold of the park-railings as if to prevent himself from falling. The butler therefore hastened to his assistance, but after a few seconds saw him turn round with the evident purpose of retracing his steps to my house. However, after he had returned part of the way he seems to have felt better, for he again changed his mind, and proceeded to find a cab."

During the last week of February and in the beginning of March, attacks of pain in the region of the heart, with irregularity of the pulse, became frequent, coming on indeed nearly every afternoon. A seizure of this sort occurred about March 7, when he was walking alone at a short distance from the house; he got home with difficulty, and this was the last time that he was able to reach his favourite 'Sand-walk.' Shortly after this, his illness became obviously more serious and alarming, and he was seen by Sir Andrew Clark, whose treatment was continued by Dr. Norman Moore, of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and Dr. Allfrey, at that time in practice at St. Mary Cray. He suffered from distressing sensations of exhaustion and faintness, and seemed to recognise with deep depression the fact that his working days were over. He gradually recovered from this condition, and became more cheerful and hopeful, as is shown in the following letter to Mr. Huxley, who was anxious that my father should have closer medical supervision than the existing arrangements allowed:--

"Down, March 27, 1882.

"MY DEAR HUXLEY,--Your most kind letter has been a real cordial to me. I have felt better to-day than for three weeks, and have felt as yet no pain. Your plan seems an excellent one, and I will probably act upon it, unless I get very much better. Dr. Clark's kindness is unbounded to me, but he is too busy to come here. Once again, accept my cordial thanks, my dear old friend. I wish to God there were more automata[301] in the world like you.

"Ever yours, "CH. DARWIN."

The allusion to Sir Andrew Clark requires a word of explanation. Sir Andrew himself was ever ready to devote himself to my father, who however, could not endure the thought of sending for him, knowing how severely his great practice taxed his strength.

No especial change occurred during the beginning of April, but on Saturday 15th he was seized with giddiness while sitting at dinner in the evening, and fainted in an attempt to reach his sofa. On the 17th he was again better, and in my temporary absence recorded for me the progress of an experiment in which I was engaged. During the night of April 18th, about a quarter to twelve, he had a severe attack and passed into a faint, from which he was brought back to consciousness with great difficulty. He seemed to recognise the approach of death, and said, "I am not the least afraid to die." All the next morning he suffered from terrible nausea and faintness, and hardly rallied before the end came.

He died at about four o'clock on Wednesday, April 19th, 1882, in the 74th year of his age.

I close the record of my father's life with a few words of retrospect added to the manuscript of his _Autobiography_ in 1879:--

"As for myself, I believe that I have acted rightly in steadily following and devoting my life to Science. I feel no remorse from having committed any great sin, but have often and often regretted that I have not done more direct good to my fellow creatures."

FOOTNOTES:

[300] On the action of carbonate of ammonia on roots and leaves.

[301] The allusion is to Mr. Huxley's address, "On the hypothesis that animals are automata, and its history," given at the Belfast Meeting of the British Association, 1874, and republished in _Science and Culture_.

APPENDIX I.

THE FUNERAL IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY.

On the Friday succeeding my father's death, the following letter, signed by twenty Members of Parliament, was addressed to Dr. Bradley, Dean of Westminster:--

HOUSE OF COMMONS, April 21, 1882.

VERY REV. SIR,--We hope you will not think we are taking a liberty if we venture to suggest that it would be acceptable to a very large number of our fellow-countrymen of all classes and opinions that our illustrious countryman, Mr. Darwin, should be buried in Westminster Abbey.

We remain, your obedient servants,

JOHN LUBBOCK, NEVIL STOREY MASKELYNE, A. J. MUNDELLA, G. O. TREVELYAN, LYON PLAYFAIR, CHARLES W. DILKE, DAVID WEDDERBURN, ARTHUR RUSSELL, HORACE DAVEY, BENJAMIN ARMITAGE, RICHARD B. MARTIN, FRANCIS W. BUXTON, E. L. STANLEY, HENRY BROADHURST, JOHN BARRAN, J. F. CHEETHAM, H. S. HOLLAND, H. CAMPBELL-BANNERMAN, CHARLES BRUCE, RICHARD FORT.

The Dean was abroad at the time, and telegraphed his cordial acquiescence.

The family had desired that my father should be buried at Down: with regard to their wishes, Sir John Lubbock wrote:--

HOUSE OF COMMONS, April 25, 1882.

MY DEAR DARWIN,--I quite sympathise with your feeling, and personally I should greatly have preferred that your father should have rested in Down amongst us all. It is, I am sure, quite understood that the initiative was not taken by you. Still, from a national point of view, it is clearly right that he should be buried in the Abbey. I esteem it a great privilege to be allowed to accompany my dear master to the grave.

Believe me, yours most sincerely, JOHN LUBBOCK. W. E. DARWIN, ESQ.

The family gave up their first-formed plans, and the funeral took place in Westminster Abbey on April 26th. The pall-bearers were:--

SIR JOHN LUBBOCK, MR. HUXLEY, MR. JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL (American Minister), MR. A. R. WALLACE, THE DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE, CANON FARRAR, SIR JOSEPH HOOKER, MR. WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE (President of the Royal Society), THE EARL OF DERBY, THE DUKE OF ARGYLL.

The funeral was attended by the representatives of France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Russia, and by those of the Universities and learned Societies, as well as by large numbers of personal friends and distinguished men.

The grave is in the north aisle of the Nave, close to the angle of the choir-screen, and a few feet from the grave of Sir Isaac Newton. The stone bears the inscription--

CHARLES ROBERT DARWIN. Born 12 February, 1809. Died 19 April, 1882.

APPENDIX II.

PORTRAITS.

CHIEF PORTRAITS AND MEMORIALS NOT TAKEN FROM LIFE.

CHIEF ENGRAVINGS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS.

*1854? By Messrs. Maull and Fox, engraved on wood for _Harper's Magazine_ (Oct. 1884). Frontispiece, _Life and Letters_, vol. i.

1868 By the late Mrs. Cameron, reproduced in heliogravure by the Cambridge Engraving Company for the present work.

*1870? By O. J. Rejlander, engraved on Steel by C. H. Jeens for _Nature_ (June 4, 1874).

*1874? By Major Darwin, engraved on wood for the _Century Magazine_ (Jan. 1883). Frontispiece, _Life and Letters_, vol. ii.

1881 By Messrs. Elliot and Fry, engraved on wood by G. Kruells, for vol. iii. of the _Life and Letters_.

*The dates of these photographs must, from various causes, remain uncertain. Owing to a loss of books by fire, Messrs. Maull and Fox can give only an approximate date. Mr. Rejlander died some years ago, and his business was broken up. My brother, Major Darwin, has no record of the date at which his photograph was taken.

FOOTNOTES:

[302] Probably a sketch made at one of the sittings for the last-mentioned.

[303] A _replica_ by the artist is in the possession of Christ's College, Cambridge.

[304] A _replica_ by the artist is in the possession of W. E. Darwin, Esq., Southampton.

[305] A cast from this work is now placed in the New Museums at Cambridge.

INDEX.

Abbott, F. E., letters to, on religious opinions, 55.

Aberdeen, British Association Meeting at, 1859.. 202.

Abstract ('Origin of Species'), 192, 193, 195, 196.

Agassiz, Louis, Professor, letter to, sending him the 'Origin of Species,' 208; note on, and extract from letter to, 208; opinion of the book, 225; opposition to Darwin's views, 235; Asa Gray on the opinions of, 243.

Agassiz, Alexander, Professor, letter to:--on coral reefs, 282.

Agnosticism, 55.

Ainsworth, William, 12.

Albums of photographs received from Germany and Holland, 293.

Algebra, distaste for the study of, 17.

Allfrey, Dr., treatment by, 327.

American edition of the 'Origin,' 226.

---- Civil War, the, 249.

Ammonia, salts of, behaviour of the leaves of _Drosera_, towards, 320.

Andes, excursion across the, 136; Lyell on the slow rise of the, 153.

Animals, crossing of, 148.

'Annals and Magazine of Natural History,' review of the 'Origin' in the, 227.

Anti-Jacobin, 242, _note_, 243.

Ants, slave-making, 191.

Apocyneæ, twisting of shoots of, 313.

Apparatus, 92-94; purchase of, for the Zoological Station at Naples, 293.

Appletons' American reprints of the 'Origin,' 235.

Ascension, 30.

'Athenæum,' letter to the, 258; article in the, 257; reply to the article, 258.

---- review of the 'Origin' in the, 211, 212; reviews in the, of Lyell's 'Antiquity of Man,' and Huxley's 'Man's place in Nature,' 253, 257; review of the 'Variation of Animals and Plants,' in the, 268; review of the 'Fertilisation of Orchids,' in the, 308.

Athenæum Club, 147.

'Atlantic Monthly,' Asa Gray's articles in the, 248.

Atolls, formation of, 282.

Audubon, 14.

Autobiography, 5-54.

'Automata,' 327.

Aveling, Dr., on C. Darwin's religious views, 65, _note_.

Babbage and Carlyle, 36.

Bachelor of Arts, degree taken, 18.

Bär, Karl Ernest von, 213.

Bahia, forest scenery at, 131; letter to R. W. Darwin from, 128.

Barmouth, visit to, 106.

Bates, H. W., paper on mimetic butterflies, 251; Darwin's opinion of, 251 _note_; 'Naturalist on the Amazons,' opinion of, 251; letter to:--on his 'Insect-Fauna of the Amazons Valley,' 251.

_Beagle_, correspondence relating to the appointment to the, 115-123.

----, equipment of the, 125; accommodation on board the, 125; officers and crew of the, 126, 127, 130; manner of life on board the, 125.

_Beagle_, voyage of the, 25-30.

----, Zoology of the voyage of the, publication of the, 31.

Beans, stated to have grown on the wrong side of the pod, 52.

Bees, visits of, necessary for the impregnation of the Scarlet Bean, 301.

Bees' cells, Sedgwick on, 217.

---- combs, 195.

Beetles, collecting at, Cambridge, &c., 20, 23, 106, 109, 194.

Bell, Professor Thomas, 141.

'Bell-stone,' Shrewsbury, an erratic boulder, 14.

Beneficence, Evidence of, 236.

Bentham, G., approval of the work on the fertilisation of orchids, 308.

----, letter to, on orchids, 304, 310.

Berkeley, Rev. M. J., review of the 'Fertilisation of Orchids' by, 308.

'Bermuda Islands,' by Prof. A. Heilprin, 284.

'Bibliothèque Universelle de Genève,' review of the 'Origin' in the, 231.

Birds' nests, 195.

Blomefield, Rev. L., see JENYNS, REV. L.

"Bob," the retriever, 70.

Body-snatchers, arrest of, in Cambridge, 22.

Books, treatment of, 96.

Boott, Dr. Francis, 230.

Botanical work, scope and influence of C. Darwin's, 297, 298.

Botofogo Bay, letter to W. D. Fox from, 132, _note_.

Boulders, erratic, of South America, paper on the, 32, 149.

Bournemouth, residence at, 320.

Bowen, Prof. F., Asa Gray on the opinions of, 243.

Branch-climbers, 315.

Bressa Prize, award of the, by the Royal Academy of Turin, 293.

British Association, Sir C. Lyell's Presidential address to the, at Aberdeen, 1859.. 202; at Oxford, 236; action of, in connection with the question of vivisection, 288.

Broderip, W. J., 141.

Bronn, H. G., translator of the 'Origin' into German, 229.

Brown, Robert, acquaintance with, 34; recommendation of Sprengel's book, 300.

Buckle, Mr., meeting with, 35.

Bulwer's 'Professor Long,' 38.

Bunbury, Sir C., his opinion of the theory, 227.

Butler, Dr., schoolmaster at Shrewsbury, 8.

----, Rev. T., 106.

Caerdeon, holiday at, 273.

Cambridge, gun-practice at, 10; life at, 17-23, 30, 104-113, 142.

Cambridge, degree of LL.D. conferred by University of, 292; subscription portrait at, 292.

---- Philosophical Society, Sedgwick's attack before the, 234.

Camerarius on sexuality in plants, 299.

Canary Islands, projected excursion to, 114.

Cape Verd Islands, 129.

Carlyle, Thomas, acquaintance with, 36.

Carnarvon, Lord, proposed Act to amend the Law relating to cruelty to animals, 288.

Carnations, effects of cross- and self-fertilisation on, 311.

Carpenter, Dr. W. B., letters to:--on the 'Origin of Species,' 210; review in the 'Medico-Chirurgical Review,' 231; notice of the 'Foraminifera,' in the _Athenæum_, 257.

Carus, Prof. Victor, impressions of the Oxford discussion, 240.

----, his translations of the 'Origin' and other works, 262; letter to:--on earthworms, 285.

Case, Rev. G., schoolmaster at Shrewsbury, 6.

_Catasetum_, pollinia of, adhering to bees' backs, 305; sensitiveness of flowers of, 307.

Caterpillars, colouring of, 269, 270.

Cats and mice, 236.

Cattle, falsely described new breed of, 53.

Celebes, African character of productions of, 227.

Chambers, R., 179, 240.

Chemistry, study of, 11.

Chili, recent elevation of the coast of, 30.

Chimneys, employment of boys in sweeping, 161.

Christ's College, Cambridge, 104; bet as to height of combination-room of, 142.

Church, destination to the, 17, 108.

Cirripedia, work on the, 38, 155-158; confusion of nomenclature of, 159; completion of work on the, 163.

Clark, Sir Andrew, treatment by, 325, 327.

Classics, study of, at Dr. Butler's school, 9.

Climbing plants, 45, 313-315.

'Climbing Plants,' publication of the, 315.

Coal, supposed marine origin of, 158.

Coal-plants, letters to Sir Joseph Hooker on, 158, 159.

Cobbe, Miss, letter headed "Mr. Darwin and vivisection" in the _Times_, 290.

Coldstream, Dr., 12.

Collections made during the voyage of the 'Beagle,' destination of the, 141.

Collier, Hon. John, portrait of C. Darwin, by, 292.

Cooper, Miss, 'Journal of a Naturalist,' 249.

Copley medal, award of, to C. Darwin, 259.

Coral Reefs, work on, 32, 148; publication of, 149.

----, second edition of, 281; Semper's remarks on the, 281; Murray's criticisms, 282; third edition, 284.

---- and Islands, Prof. Geikie and Sir C. Lyell on the theory of, 152.

---- and Volcanoes, book on, 148.

'Corals and Coral Islands,' by Prof. J. D. Dana, 284.

Corrections on proofs, 201, 202, 205.

Correspondence, 74.

---- during life at Cambridge, 1828-31.. 104-113; relating to appointment on the 'Beagle,' 115-123; during the voyage of the _Beagle_, 125-139; during residence in London, 1836-42.. 140-49; on the subject of religion, 55-65; during residence at Down, 1842-1854.. 150-164; during the progress of the work on the 'Origin of Species,' 165-205; after the publication of the work, 206-265; on the 'Variation of Animals and Plants,' 265-268; on the work on 'Man,' 268-280; miscellaneous, 281-294; on botanical researches, 297-322.

Cotyledons, movements of, 316.

Crawford, John, review of the 'Origin,' 219.

Creation, objections to use of the term, 257.

Cross- and self-fertilisation in plants, 47.

Cross-fertilisation of hermaphrodite flowers, first ideas of the, 300.

Crossing of animals, 148.

_Cychnoches_, 306.

_Cypripedium_, pollen of, 305.

Dallas, W. S., translation of Fritz Müller's 'Für Darwin,' 262.

Dana, Professor J. D., defence of the theory of subsidence, 283; 'Corals and Coral Islands,' 284.

Darwin, Charles R., 1; Autobiography of, 5-54; birth, 5; loss of mother, 5; day-school at Shrewsbury, 6; natural history tastes, 6; hoaxing, 7; humanity, 7; egg-collecting, 7; angling, 7; dragoon's funeral, 8; boarding school at Shrewsbury, 8; fondness for dogs, 7; classics, 9; liking for geometry, 9; reading, 10; fondness for shooting, 10; science, 10; at Edinburgh, 11-15; early medical practice at Shrewsbury, 12; tours in North Wales, 15; shooting at Woodhouse and Maer, 15, 16; at Cambridge, 17-23, 30; visit to North Wales, with Sedgwick, 24, 25; on the voyage of the 'Beagle,' 25-30; residence in London, 31-37; marriage, 32; residence at Down, 37; publications, 38-49; manner of writing, 49; mental qualities, 50-54.

Darwin, Reminiscences of, 66-103; personal appearance, 67, 68; mode of walking, 67; dissecting, 67; laughing, 68; gestures, 68; dress, 69; early rising, 69; work, 69; fondness for dogs, 69; walks, 70; love of flowers, 72; riding, 73; diet, 73, 76; correspondence, 74; business habits, 75; smoking, 75; snuff-taking, 75; reading aloud, 77; backgammon, 76; music, 77; bed-time, 77; art-criticism, 78; German reading, 79; general interest in science, 79; idleness a sign of ill-health, 80; aversion to public appearances, 80; visits, 81; holidays, 81; love of scenery, 81; visits to hydropathic establishments, 82; family relations, 82-87; hospitality, 87; conversational powers, 88-90; friends, 90; local influence, 90; mode of work, 91; literary style, 99; ill-health, 102.

----, Dr. Erasmus, life of, by Ernst Krause, 48, 286.

----, Erasmus Alvey, 3; letter from, 215.

----, Miss Susan, letters to:--relating the 'Beagle,' appointment, 118, 120; from Valparaiso, 135.

----, Mrs., letter to, with regard to the publication of the essay of 1844.. 171; letter to, from Moor Park, 184.

----, Reginald, letters to, on Dr. Erasmus Darwin's common-place book and papers, 286.

Darwin, Dr. Robert Waring, 1; his family, 3; letter to, in answer to objections to accept the appointment on the 'Beagle,' 117; letter to, from Bahia, 128.

'Darwinismus,' 42.

Daubeny, Professor, 241; 'On the final causes of the sexuality of plants,' 237.

Davidson, Mr., letter to, 278.

Dawes, Mr., 23.

De Candolle, Professor A., sending him the 'Origin of Species,' 209.

'Descent of Man,' work on the, 269; publication of the, 46, 271.

----, Reviews of the, in the 'Edinburgh Review,' 272; in the _Nonconformist_, 273; in the _Times_, 273; in the _Saturday Review_, 273; in the 'Quarterly Review,' 276.

Design in Nature, 63, 249; argument from, as to existence of God, 58.

----, evidence of, 236.

_Dielytra_, 301.

'Different Forms of Flowers,' publication of the, 48, 311.

Digestion in _Drosera_, 320, 321.

Dimorphism and trimorphism in plants, papers on, 45.

Divergence, principle of, 40.

Dohrn, Dr. Anton, letter to, offering to present apparatus to the Zoological station at Naples, 293.

Domestication, variation under, 174.

Down, residence at, 37, 150; daily life at, 66; local influence at, 90; sequestered situation of, 151.

Dragoon, funeral of a, 8.

Draper, Dr., paper before the British Association on the "Intellectual development of Europe," 237.

_Drosera_, observations on, 47, 319; action of glands of, 320; action of ammoniacal salts on the leaves of, 320.

Dunns, Rev. J., the supposed author of a review in the 'North British Review,' 235.

Dutch translation of the 'Origin,' 247.

Dyer, W. Thiselton, on Mr. Darwin's botanical work, 298; on the 'Power of Movement in Plants,' 315; note to, on the life of Erasmus Darwin, 286.

----, letter to:--on movement in plants, 316.

Earthquakes, paper on, 32.

Earthworms, paper on the formation of mould by the agency of, 32, 49; first observations on work done by, 144; work on, 284; publication of, 285.

Edinburgh, Plinian Society, 13; Royal Medical Society, 14; Wernerian Society, 14; lectures on Geology and Zoology in, 14.

----, studies at, 11-15.

'Edinburgh Review,' review of the 'Origin' in the, 232, 233, 235; review of the 'Descent of Man' in the, 272.

'Effects of Cross- and Self-Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom,' publication of the, 47, 48, 310.

Elie de Beaumont's theory, 146.

England, spread of the Descent-theory in, 264.

_English Churchman_, review of the 'Origin' in the, 241.

Engravings, fondness for, 107.

Entomological Society, concurrence of the members of the, 264.

_Epidendrum_, 306.

Equator, ceremony at crossing the, 130.

Erratic blocks, at Glen Roy, 147.

---- boulders of South America, paper on the, 32, 149.

European opinions of Darwin's work, Dr. Falconer on, 247.

Evolution, progress of the theory of, 165, 253, 271, 273.

Experiment, love of, 94.

Expression in man, 224, 270.

---- in the Malays, 270.

---- of the Emotions, work on the, 268.

'Expression of the Emotions in Men and Animals,' publication of the, 47, 279.

Eye, structure of the, 208, 215, 227.

Falconer, Dr. Hugh, 247.

----, claim of priority against Lyell, 257; letter from, offering a live _Proteus_ and reporting on continental opinion, 247; letter to, 247; sending him the 'Origin of Species,' 209.

Family relations, 82-87.

Farrer, Sir Thomas, letter to, on earthworms, 285.

Fawcett, Henry, on Huxley's reply to the Bishop of Oxford, 239, _note_.

Fernando Noronha, visit to, 131.

'Fertilisation of Orchids,' publication of the, 44, 48, 308.

'---- of Orchids,' publication of second edition of the, 310.

'---- of Orchids,' reviews of the; in the 'Parthenon,' 308; in the _Athenæum_, 308; in the 'London Review,' 308; in _Gardeners' Chronicle_, 309.

----, cross- and self-, in the vegetable kingdom, 310-312.

----, of flowers, bibliography of the, 310.

Fish swallowing seeds, 180.

Fitz-Roy, Capt., 25; character of, 26; by Rev. G. Peacock, 115; Darwin's impression of, 119, 120; discipline on board the 'Beagle,' 127; letter to, from Shrewsbury, 140.

Fitzwilliam Gallery, Cambridge, 19.

Flourens, 'Examen du livre de M. Darwin,' 261.

Flowers, adaptation of, to visits of insects, 303; different forms of, on plants of the same species, 48, 310; fertilisation of, 297-312; hermaphrodite, first ideas of cross-fertilisation of, 300; irregular, all adapted for visits of insects, 303.

_Flustra_, paper on the larvæ of, 13.

Forbes, David, on the geology of Chile, 156.

Fordyce, J., extract from letter to, 55.

'Formation of Vegetable Mould, through the action of Worms,' publication of the, 49, 285; unexpected success of the, 285.

Fossil bones, given to the College of Surgeons, 142.

Fox, Rev. William Darwin, 21; letters to, 110-113, 114, 181; from Botofogo Bay, 132; in 1836-1842: 143, 148, 149; on the house at Down, 150; on their respective families, 160; on family matters, 194; on the progress of the work, 181, 183, 196; on the award of the Copley Medal, 259.

France and Germany, contrast of progress of theory in, 261.

Fremantle, Mr., on the Oxford meeting of the British Association, 238.

French, translation of the 'Origin,' 246; third edition of the, published, 275.

---- translation of the 'Origin' from the fifth English edition, arrangements for the, 275.

_Fumaria_, 301.

Funeral in Westminster Abbey, 329.

Galapagos, 29.

Galton, Francis, note to, on the life of Erasmus Darwin, 287.

_Gardeners' Chronicle_, review of the 'Origin' in the, 224; Mr. Patrick Matthew's claim of priority in the, 232; review of the 'Fertilisation of Orchids,' in the, 309.

Geikie, Prof. Archibald, notes on the work on Coral Reefs, 152, 182; notes on the work on Volcanic Islands, 153; on Darwin's theory of the parallel roads of Glen Roy, 145.

Geoffrey St. Hilaire, 207.

'Geological Observations on South America,' 38; publication of the, 156.

'Geological Observations on Volcanic Islands,' publication of the, 152; Prof. Geikie's notes on the, 153.

Geological Society, secretaryship of the, 31, 144.

Geological work in the Andes, 136.

'Geologist,' review of the 'Origin' in the, 250.

Geology, commencement of the study of, 24, 113; lectures on, in Edinburgh, 14; predilection for, 134, 135; study of, during the _Beagle's_ voyage, 27.

German translation of the 'Origin of Species,' 247.

Germany, Häckel's influence in the spread of Darwinism, 262.

----, photograph-album received from, 293.

----, reception of Darwinistic views in, 247.

---- and France, contrast of progress of theory in, 261.

Glacial period, influence of the, on distribution, 43.

Glacier action in North Wales, 32.

Glands, sticky, of the pollinia, 304.

Glen Roy, visit to, and paper on, 31; expedition to, 145.

_Glossotherium_, 142.

Glutton Club, 107.

Gorilla, brain of, compared with that of man, 237.

Gower Street, Upper, residence in, 32, 148.

Graham, W., letter to, 63.

Grant, Dr. R. E., 12; an evolutionist, 169.

Gravity, light, &c., acting as stimuli, 318.

Gray, Dr. Asa, comparison of rain drops and variations, 62; letter from, to J. D. Hooker, on the 'Origin of Species,' 224; articles in the 'Atlantic Monthly,' 248; 'Darwiniana,' 248; on the aphorism, "Nature abhors close fertilisation," 301; "Note on the coiling of the Tendrils of Plants," 313.

----, letters to: on Design in Nature, 63; with abstract of the theory of the 'Origin of Species,' 188; sending him the 'Origin of Species,' 209; suggesting an American edition, 225; on Sedgwick's and Pictet's reviews, 231; on notices in the 'North British' and 'Edinburgh' Reviews, and on the theological view, 235; on the position of Profs. Agassiz and Bowen, 243; on his article in the 'Atlantic Monthly,' 248; on change of species by descent, 246; on design, 249; on the American war, 249; on the 'Descent of Man,' 271; on the biographical notice in 'Nature,' 291; on their election to the French Institute, 292; on fertilisation of Papilionaceous flowers and _Lobelia_ by insects, 301, 302; on the structure of irregular flowers, 303; on Orchids, 304, 305, 309, 310; on movement of tendrils, 313; on climbing plants, 314; on _Drosera_, 320, 321.

Great Marlborough Street, residence in, 31, 142.

Gretton, Mr., his 'Memory's Harkback,' 8.

Grote, A., meeting with, 36.

Gully, Dr., 160.

Günther, Dr. A., letter to:--on sexual differences, 270.

Häckel, Professor Ernst, embryological researches of, 43; influence of, in the spread of Darwinism in Germany, 262.

----, letters to:--on the progress of Evolution in England, 263; on his works, 264; on the 'Descent of Man,' 272; on the 'Expression of the Emotions,' 279.

Häckel's 'Generelle Morphologie,' 'Radiolaria,' 'Schöpfungs-Geschichte,' and 'Ursprung des Menschen-Geschlechts,' 262, 263.

---- 'Natürliche Schöpfungs-Geschichte,' 263; Huxley's opinion of, 263.

Hague, James, on the reception of the 'Descent of Man,' 272.

Haliburton, Mrs., letter to, on the 'Expression of the Emotions,' 279; letter to, 317.

Hardie, Mr., 12.

Harris, William Snow, 122.

Haughton, Professor S., opinion on the new views of Wallace and Darwin, 41; criticism on the theory of the origin of species, 200.

Health, 68; improved during the last ten years of life, 325.

Heart, pain felt in the region of the, 28, 325, 326.

Heilprin, Professor A., 'The Bermuda Islands,' 284.

Heliotropism of seedlings, 318.

Henslow, Professor, lectures by, at Cambridge, 18; introduction to, 21; intimacy with, 107, 113; his opinion of Lyell's 'Principles,' 33; of the Darwinian theory, 227.

----, letter from, on the offer of the appointment to the 'Beagle,' 116.

----, letter to, from Rev. G. Peacock, 115.

----, letters to:--relating to the appointment to the 'Beagle,' 121, 122; from Rio de Janeiro, 134; from Sydney, 138; from Shrewsbury, 139; as to destination of specimens collected during the voyage of the 'Beagle,' 140.

----, letters to:--1836-1842, 144; sending him the 'Origin,' 209.

Herbert, John Maurice, 19; anecdotes from, 105, 106, 108; letters to, 109; on the 'South American Geology,' 154.

Hermaphrodite flowers, first idea of cross-fertilisation of, 300.

Herschel, Sir J., acquaintance with, 34; letter from Sir C. Lyell to, on the theory of coral-reefs, 153; his opinion of the 'Origin,' 220.

Heterostyled plants, 311; some forms of fertilisation of, analogous to hybridisation, 312.

'Historical Sketch of the Recent Progress of Opinion on the Origin of Species,' 246.

Hoaxes, 53.

Holidays, 81.

Holland, photograph-album received from, 293.

Holland, Sir H., his opinions of the theory, 215.

Holmgren, Frithiof, letter to, on vivisection, 289.

Hooker, Sir J. D., on the training obtained by the work on Cirripedes, 156; letters from, on the 'Origin of Species,' 188, 211, 220; speech at Oxford, in answer to Bishop Wilberforce, 239; review of the 'Fertilisation of Orchids' by, 309.

----, letters to, 158; on coal-plants, 158, 159; announcing death of R. W. Darwin, and an intention to try water-cure, 160; on the award of the Royal Society's Medal, 162; on the theory of the origin of species, 173, 177; cirripedial work, 177; on the Philosophical Club, 178; on the germination of soaked seeds, 179, 180; on the preparation of a sketch of the theory of species, 181; on the papers read before the Linnean Society, 187, 190; on the 'Abstract,' 192, 193, 194, 200; on thistle-seeds, 193; on Wallace's letter, 194; on the arrangement with Mr. Murray, 198; on Professor Haughton's remarks, 200; on style and variability, 201; on the completion of proof-sheets, 202; on the review of the 'Origin' in the _Athenæum_, 211, 212; on his review in the _Gardeners' Chronicle_, 224; on the progress of opinion, 230; on Mr. Matthew's claim of priority and the 'Edinburgh Review,' 232; on the Cambridge opposition, 234; on the British Association discussion, 241; on the review in the 'Quarterly,' 242; on the corrections in the new edition, 246; on Lyell's 'Antiquity of Man,' 253; on letters in the papers, 259; on the completion and publication of the book on 'Variation under Domestication,' 266, 267; on pangenesis, 266; on work, 269; on a visit to Wales, 273; on a new French translation of the 'Origin,' 275; on the life of Erasmus Darwin, 287; on Mr. Ouless' portrait, 292; on the earthworm, 285; on the fertilisation of Orchids, 297, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307; on establishing a hot-house, 307; on his review of the 'Fertilisation of Orchids,' 309; on climbing plants, 314: on the 'Insectivorous Plants,' 319, 321; on the movements of plants, 316; on health and work, 326.

Hooker, Sir J. D., 'Himalayan Journal,' 162.

Horner, Leonard, 14.

Horses, humanity to, 287.

Hot-house, building of, 307.

Humboldt, Baron A. von, meeting with, 34; his opinion of C. Darwin, 155.

Humboldt's 'Personal Narrative,' 23.

Huth, Mr., on 'Consanguineous Marriage,' 53.

Hutton, Prof. F. W., letter to, on his review of the 'Origin,' 250.

Huxley, Prof. T. H., on the value as training, of Darwin's work on the Cirripedes, 157; on the theory of evolution, 155-169; review of the 'Origin' in the 'Westminster Review,' 231; reply to Owen, on the Brain in Man and the Gorilla, 237; speech at Oxford, in answer to the Bishop, 238; lectures on 'Our Knowledge of the causes of Organic Nature,' 253, _note_; opinion of Häckel's work, 263; on the progress of the doctrine of evolution, 271; article in the 'Contemporary Review,' against Mivart, and the Quarterly reviewer of the 'Descent of Man,' 276; lecture on 'the Coming of Age of the Origin of Species,' 294; on teleology, 298.

----, letters from, on the 'Origin of Species,' 213; on the discussion at Oxford, 240.

----, letters to:--on his adoption of the theory, 214; on the review in the _Times_, 221; on the effect of reviews, 244; on his Edinburgh lectures, 250; on 'the coming of age of the Origin of Species,' 294; last letter to, 327.

Hybridisation, analogy of, with some forms of fertilisation of heterostyled plants, 312.

Hybridism, 183.

Hybrids, sterility of, 183.

Hydropathic establishments, visits to, 82.

Ichnuemonidæ, and their function, 236.

Ilkley, residence at, in 1859.. 206.

Ill-health, 32, 39, 102, 149, 158, 160, 268.

Immortality of the Soul, 61.

Innes, Rev. J. Brodie, 76, 91.

----, on Darwin's position with regard to theological views, 229; note on the review in the 'Quarterly' and Darwin's appreciation of it, 242, _note_.

'Insectivorous Plants,' work on the, 319-322; publication of, 47, 322.

Insects, 10; agency of, in cross-fertilisation, 300.

Institute of France, election as a corresponding member of the Botanical section of the, 292.

Isolation, effects of, 278.

Jackson, B. Daydon, preparation of the Kew-Index placed under the charge of, 323.

Jenkin, Fleeming, review of the 'Origin,' 274.

Jenyns, Rev. Leonard, acquaintance with, 22; his opinion of the theory, 228.

----, letters to:--on the 'Origin of Species,' 209; on checks to increase of species, 175; on his 'Observations in Natural History,' 175; on the immutability of species, 176.

Jones, Dr. Bence, treatment by, 325.

'Journal of Researches,' 38, 143; publication of the second edition of the, 154; differences in the two editions of the, with regard to the theory of species, 170.

Judd, Prof., on Coral Reefs, 281; on Mr. Darwin's intention to devote a certain sum to the advancement of scientific interests, 323.

Jukes, Prof. Joseph B., 230.

Kew-Index of plant names, 322; endowment of, by Mr. Darwin, 322.

Kidney-beans, fertilisation of, 301.

Kingsley, Rev. Charles, letter from, on the 'Origin of Species,' 228; on the progress of the theory of Evolution, 253.

Kossuth, character of, 184.

Krause, Ernst, 'Life of Erasmus Darwin,' 48; on Häckel's services to the cause of Evolution in Germany, 262; on the work of Dr. Erasmus Darwin, 286.

Lamarck's philosophy, 166.

---- views, references to, 174, 177, 207, 256.

Lankester, E. Ray, letter to, on the reception of the 'Descent of Man,' 272.

Last words, 327.

_Lathyrus grandiflorus_, fertilisation of, by bees, 301.

Laws, designed, 236.

Leibnitz, objections raised by, to Newton's law of Gravitation, 229.

_Leschenaultia_, fertilisation of, 303.

Lewes, G. H., review of the 'Variation of Animals and Plants,' in the _Pall Mall Gazette_, 268.

Life, origin of, 257.

Light, gravity, &c., acting as stimuli, 318.

Lightning, 236.

_Linaria vulgaris_, observations on cross- and self-fertilisation in, 311.

Lindley, John, 162.

Linnean Society, joint paper with A. R. Wallace, read before the, 187; portrait at the, 292.

_Linum flavum_, dimorphism of, 45.

List of naturalists who had adopted the theory in March, 1860.. 230.

Literature, taste in, 50.

Little-Go, passed, 111.

_Lobelia fulgens_, not self-fertilisable, 302.

London, residence in, 31-37; from 1836 to 1842.. 140-149.

'London Review,' review of the 'Fertilisation of Orchids' in the, 308.

Lonsdale, W., 141.

Lubbock, Sir John, letter from, to W. E. Darwin, on the funeral in Westminster Abbey, 329; letter to:--on beetle-collecting, 194.

Lyell, Sir Charles, acquaintance with, 31; character of, 33; influence of, on Geology, 33; geological views, 135; on Darwin's theory of coral islands, 153; extract of letter to, on the treatise on volcanic islands, 154; attitude towards the doctrine of Evolution, 167, 260; announcement of the forthcoming 'Origin of Species,' to the British Association at Aberdeen in 1859.. 202; letter from, criticising the 'Origin,' 206; Bishop Wilberforce's remarks upon, 242, _note_; inclination to accept the notion of design, 249; on Darwin's views, 256; on the 'Fertilisation of Orchids,' 309.

----, Sir Charles, letters to, 145, 148:-- on the second edition of the 'Journal of Researches,' 154; on the receipt of Wallace's paper, 185, 186; on the papers read before the Linnean Society, 191; on the mode of publication of the 'Origin,' 196, 198; with proof-sheets, 203; on the announcement of the work of the British Association, 203; on his adoption of the theory of descent, 212; on objectors to the theory of descent, 218, 219; on the second edition of the 'Origin,' 218, 223; on the review of the 'Origin' in the 'Annals,' 227; on objections, 229; on the review in the 'Edinburgh Review,' and on Matthew's anticipation of the theory of Natural Selection, 232; on design in variation, 234; on the 'Antiquity of Man,' 255, 256; on the progress of opinion, 260; on 'Pangenesis,' 266; on Drosera, 320.

Lyell, Sir Charles, 'Antiquity of Man,' 254, 255.

----, 'Elements of Geology,' 145.

----, 'Principles of Geology.' 168; tenth edition of, 260.

_Lythrum_, trimorphism of, 45.

Macaulay, meeting with, 35.

Macgillivray, William, 15.

Mackintosh, Sir James, meeting with, 16.

'Macmillan's Magazine,' review of the 'Origin' in, by H. Fawcett, 239, _note_.

_Macrauchenia_, 142.

Mad-house, attempt to free a patient from a, 287, _note_.

Maer, visits to, 15, 16.

Malay Archipelago, Wallace's 'Zoological Geography' of the, 227.

Malays, expression in the, 270.

Malthus on _Population_, 40, 189.

Malvern, Hydropathic treatment at, 39, 160.

Mammalia, fossil from South America, 142.

Man, descent of, 46; objections to discussing origin of, 183; brain of, and that of the gorilla, 237; influence of sexual selection upon the races of, 270; work on, 268.

Marriage, 32, 148.

Mathematics, difficulties with, 108; distaste for the study of, 17.

Matthew, Patrick, claim of priority in the theory of Natural Selection, 232.

'Medico-Chirurgical Review,' review of the 'Origin' in the, by W. B. Carpenter, 231.

Mellersh, Admiral, reminiscences of C. Darwin, 126.

Mendoza, 136.

Mental peculiarities, 49-54.

Microscopes, 92; compound, 158.

Mimicry, H. W. Bates on, 251.

Minerals, collecting, 10.

Miracles, 58.

Mivart's 'Genesis of Species,' 275.

Moor Park, Hydropathic establishment at, 41.

----, water-cure at, 184.

Moore, Dr. Norman, treatment by, 327.

_Mormodes_, 306.

Moths, white, Mr. Weir's observations on, 270.

Motley, meeting with, 36.

Mould, formation of, by the agency of Earthworms, paper on the, 32, 49; publication of book on the, 285.

'Mount,' the Shrewsbury, Charles Darwin's birthplace, 2.

Müller, Fritz, embryological researches of, 43.

----, 'Für Darwin,' 262; 'Facts and arguments for Darwin,' 262.

----, Fritz, observations on branch-tendrils, 315.

----, Hermann, 262; on self-fertilisation of plants, 48; on Sprengel's views as to cross-fertilisation, 300.

Murray, John, criticisms on the Darwinian theory of coral formation, 282.

Murray, John, letters to:--relating to the publication of the 'Origin of Species,' 199, 201, 204; on the reception of the 'Origin' in the United States, 226 _note_; on the third edition of the 'Origin,' 245; on critiques of the 'Descent of Man,' 273; on the publication of the 'Fertilisation of Orchids,' 297, 308; on the publication of 'Climbing Plants,' 315.

Music, effects of, 50; fondness for, 77, 107; taste for, at Cambridge, 19.

_Mylodon_, 142.

Names of garden plants, difficulty of obtaining, 308.

Naples, Zoological Station, donation of £100 to the, for apparatus, 293.

Nash, Mrs., reminiscences of Mr. Darwin, 87.

Natural History, early taste for, 6.

---- selection, 165, 190.

---- belief in, founded on general considerations, 258; H. C. Watson on, 168; priority in the theory of, claimed by Mr. Patrick Matthew, 232; Sedgwick on, 216.

Naturalists, list of, who had adopted the theory in March, 1860.. 230.

_Naturalist's Voyage_, 170.

'Nature,' review in, 315.

"Nervous system of" _Drosera_, 321.

Newton, Prof. A., letter to, 268.

Newton's 'Law of Gravitation,' objections raised by Leibnitz to, 229.

Nicknames on board the _Beagle_, 126.

Nitrogenous compounds, detection of, by the leaves of _Drosera_, 320.

'Nomenclator,' 322; endowment by Mr. Darwin, 322; plan of the, 323.

Nomenclature, need of reform in, 159.

_Nonconformist_, review of the 'Descent of Man' in the, 273.

'North British Review,' review of the 'Origin' in the, 235, 274.

North Wales, tours through, 15; tour in, 32; visit to, with Sedgwick, 24; visit to, in 1869.. 273.

Nose, objection to shape of, 26.

Novels, liking for, 50, 77.

Nuptial dress of animals, 270.

Observation, methods of, 94, 95.

----, power of, 52.

Old Testament, Darwinian theory contained in the, 42.

Oliver, Prof., approval of the work on the 'Fertilisation of Orchids,' 308.

Orchids, fertilisation of, bearing of the, on the theory of Natural Selection, 297; fertilisation of, work on the, 245; homologies of, 304; study of, 303, 304; pleasure of investigating, 310.

_Orchis pyramidalis_, adaptation in, 303.

Orders, thoughts of taking, 108.

Organs, rudimentary, comparison of, with unsounded letters in words, 208.

Origin of Species, first notes on the, 31; investigations upon the, 39-41; progress of the theory of the, 165; differences in the two editions of the 'Journal' with regard to the, 170; extracts from note-books on the, 169; first sketch of work on the, 170; essay of 1844 on the, 171.

'Origin of Species,' publication of the first edition of the, 41, 206; success of the, 42; reviews of the, in the _Athenæum_, 211, 212; in 'Macmillan's Magazine,' 219; in the _Times_, 221; in the _Gardeners' Chronicle_, 224; in the 'Annals and Magazine of Natural History,' 227; in the _Spectator_, 231; in the 'Bibliothèque Universelle de Genève,' 231; in the Medico-Chirurgical Review,' 231; in the 'Westminster Review,' 231; in the 'Edinburgh Review,' 232, 233, 235; in the 'North British Review,' 235; in the _Saturday Review_, 236; in the 'Quarterly Review,' 242; in the 'Geologist,' 250.

----, publication of the second edition of the, 223.

----, third edition, commencement of work upon the, 245.

----, publication of the fifth edition of the, 274, 275.

----, sixth edition, publication of the, 275.

----, the 'Coming of Age' of the, 294.

Ouless, W., portrait of Mr. Darwin by, 292.

Owen, Sir R., on the differences between the brains of man and the Gorilla, 237; reply to Lyell, on the difference between the human and simian brains, 253; claim of priority, 275.

Oxford, British Association Meeting, discussion at, 236-239.

Paley's writings, study of, 18.

_Pall Mall Gazette_, review of the Variation of Animals and Plants,' in the, 267.

Pangenesis, 266.

Papilionaceæ, papers on cross-fertilisation of, 301.

Parallel roads of Glen Roy, paper on the, 145.

Parasitic worms, experiments on, 290.

Parslow, Joseph, 150, _note_.

'Parthenon,' review of the 'Fertilisation of Orchids,' in the, 308.

Pasteur's results upon the germs of diseases, 290.

Patagonia, 29.

Peacock, Rev. George, letter from, to Professor Henslow, 115.

Philosophical Club, 178.

---- Magazine, 25.

Photograph-albums received from Germany and Holland, 293.

Pictet, Professor F. J., review of the 'Origin' in the 'Bibliothèque Universelle,' 231.

Pictures, taste for, acquired at Cambridge, 19.

Pigeons, nasal bones of, 249.

Plants, climbing, 45, 313-315; insectivorous, 47, 319-322; power of movement in, 48, 315-319; garden, difficulty of naming, 308; heterostyled, polygamous, dioecious and gynodioecious, 311.

Pleasurable sensations, influence of, in Natural Selection, 60.

Plinian Society, 13.

Poetry, taste for, 9; failure of taste for, 50.

Pollen, conveyance of, by the wings of butterflies and moths, 302.

----, differences in the two forms of Primrose, 312.

"Polly," the fox-terrier, 70.

_Pontobdella_, egg-cases of, 13.

Portraits, list of, 331.

"Pour le Mérite," the order, 291, _note_.

Pouter Pigeons, 234.

Powell, Prof. Baden, his opinion on the structure of the eye, 228.

'Power of Movement in Plants,' 48, 315-319; publication of the, 316.

Preyer, Prof. W., letter to, 265.

Primrose, heterostyled flowers of the, 311; differences of the pollen in the two forms of the, 312.

_Primula_, dimorphism of, paper on the, 45.

_Primulæ_, said to have produced seed without access of insects, 53.

_Proteus_, 247.

Publication of the 'Origin of Species,' arrangements connected with the, 196-200.

Publications, account of, 38-49.

_Public Opinion_, squib in, 259.

Quarterly Journal of Science, review of the 'Expression of the Emotions,' in the, 279.

'Quarterly Review,' review of the 'Origin' in the, 242; Darwin's appreciation of it, 242, _note_; review of the 'Descent of Man' in the, 276.

Rabbits, asserted close interbreeding of, 53.

Ramsay, Sir Andrew, 230.

----, Mr., 23.

Reade, T. Mellard, note to, on the earthworms, 285.

Rein, Dr. J. J., account of the Bermudas, 281.

Reinwald, M., French translation of the 'Origin' by, 275.

Religious views, 55-65; general statement of, 57-62.

Reverence, development of the bump of, 17.

Reversion, 201.

Reviewers, 43.

Rich, Anthony, letter to, on the book on 'Earthworms,' 285; bequest from, 293.

Richmond, W., portrait of C. Darwin by, 292.

Rio de Janeiro, letter to J. S. Henslow, from, 134.

Rogers, Prof. H. D., 230.

Romanes, G. J., account of a sudden attack of illness, 326.

----, letter to, on vivisection, 290.

Roots, sensitiveness of tips of, to contact, 318.

Royal Commission on Vivisection, 288.

Royal Medical Society, Edinburgh, 14.

---- Society, award of the Royal Medal to C. Darwin, 162; award of the Copley Medal to C. Darwin, 259.

Royer, Mdlle. Clémence, French translation of the 'Origin' by, 246; publication of third French edition of the 'Origin,' and criticism of pangenesis by, 275.

Rudimentary organs, 207; comparison of, with unsounded letters in words, 208.

Sabine, Sir E., 162; reference to Darwin's work in his Presidential Address to the Royal Society, 260.

Sachs on the establishment of the idea of sexuality in plants, 299.

St. Helena, 29.

St. Jago, Cape Verd Islands, 129; geology of, 29.

St. John's College, Cambridge, strict discipline at, 104.

St. Paul's Island, visit to, 130.

Salisbury Craigs, trap-dyke in, 15.

"Sand walk," last visit to the, 327.

San Salvador, letter to R. W. Darwin from, 128.

Saporta, Marquis de, his opinion in 1863.. 261.

_Saturday Review_, article in the, 235; review of the 'Descent of Man' in the, 273.

_Scelidotherium_, 142.

Scepticism, effects of, in science, 52.

Science, early attention to, 10; general interest in, 79.

Scott, Sir Walter, 14.

Sea-sickness, 127, 128.

Sedgwick, Professor Adam, introduction to, 113; visit to North Wales with, 24; opinion of C. Darwin, 137; letter from, on the 'Origin of Species,' 216; review of the 'Origin' in the _Spectator_, 231; attack before the 'Cambridge Philosophical Society,' 234.

Seedlings, heliotropism of, 318.

Seeds, experiments on the germination of, after immersion, 179, 180.

Selection, natural, 165, 190; influence of, 40.

----, sexual, in insects, 270; influence of, upon races of man, 270.

Semper, Professor Karl, on coral reefs, 281.

Sex in plants, establishment of the idea of, 299.

Sexual selection, 270; influence of, upon races of man, 270.

Sexuality, origin of, 310.

Shanklin, 193.

Shooting, fondness for, 10, 15.

Shrewsbury, schools at, 6, 8; return to, 140; early medical practice at, 12.

_Sigillaria_, 158.

Silliman's Journal, reviews in, 225, 235, 244, 314.

Slavery, 137.

Slaves, sympathy with, 287.

Sleep-movements of plants, 316.

Smith, Rev. Sydney, meeting with, 35.

Snipe, first, 10.

Snowdon, ascent of, 15.

Son, eldest, birth of, 149; observations on, 149.

South America, publication of the geological observations on, 156.

Species, accumulation of facts relating to, 39-41, 148; checks to the increase of, 175; mutability of, 176; progress of the theory of the, 165; differences with regard to the, in the two editions of the 'Journal,' 170; extracts from Note-books on, 169; first sketch of the, 170; Essay of 1884 on the, 171.

_Spectator_, review of the 'Origin' in the, 231.

Spencer, Herbert, an evolutionist, 169.

Sprengel, C. K., on cross-fertilisation of hermaphrodite flowers, 300.

----, 'Das entdeckte Geheimniss der Natur,' 44.

Stanhope, Lord, 36.

Sterility, in heterostyled plants, 312.

Steudel's 'Nomenclator,' 322.

Stokes, Admiral Lort, 126.

Strickland, H. E., letter to, on nomenclature, 159.

'Struggle for Existence,' 40, 189.

Style, 99; defects of, 201.

Suarez, T. H. Huxley's study of, 277.

Subsidence, theory of, 281.

Suffering, evidence from, as to the existence of God, 57, 59, 60.

Sulivan, Sir B. J., letter to, 325.

----, reminiscences of C. Darwin, 126.

Sundew, 47, _see_ Drosera.

Sydney, letter to J. S. Henslow from, 138.

Teleology, revival of, 297.

---- and morphology, reconciliation of, by Darwinism, 291, _note_.

Tendrils of plants, irritability of the, 313.

Teneriffe, 23; desire to visit, 129; projected excursion to, 114.

Theological views, 236.

Theology and Natural History, 229.

Thistle-seeds, conveyance of, by wind, 193.

Thompson, Professor D'Arcy, literature of the fertilisation of flowers, 310.

Thwaites, G. H. K., 230.

Tierra del Fuego, 29.

_Times_, review of the 'Origin' in the, 221, 222; review of the 'Descent of Man' in the, 273; letter to, on vivisection, 290; article on Mr. Darwin in the, 316.

Title-page, proposed, of the 'Origin of Species,' 197.

Torquay, visit to (1861), 245.

_Toxodon_, 142.

Translations of the 'Origin' into French, Dutch and German, 247.

Transmutation of species, investigations on the, 39; first note-book on the, 142.

Trimorphism and dimorphism in plants, papers on, 45.

Tropical forest, first sight of, 134.

Turin, Royal Academy of, award of the Bressa prize by the, 293.

Twining plants, 314.

'Unfinished Book,' 180.

Unitarianism, Erasmus Darwin's definition of, 201.

Unorthodoxy, 197.

Valparaiso, letter to Miss S. Darwin from, 139.

_Vanilla_, 305.

Variability, 201.

'Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication,' publication of, 46, 265.

'----,' reviews of the, in the _Pall Mall Gazette_, 267; in the _Athenæum_, 268.

Vegetable Kingdom, cross- and self-fertilisation in the, 47.

'Vestiges of Creation,' 167.

Victoria Institute, analysis of the 'Origin,' read before the, 264, _note_.

Vivisection, 287-291; opinion of, 288; commencement of agitation against, and Royal Commission on, 288; legislation on, 288.

Vogt, Prof. Carl, on the origin of species, 271.

Volcanic islands, Geological observations on, publication of the, 152; Prof. Geikie's notes on the, 152.

Volcanoes and Coral-reefs, book on, 148.

Wagner, Moritz, letter to, on the influence of isolation, 278.

Wallace, A. R., first essay on variability of species, 41, 188; article in the 'Quarterly Review,' April, 1869.. 260; opinion of Pangenesis, 266; review of the 'Expression of the Emotions,' 279.

----, letters to,--on a paper by Wallace, 182; on the 'Origin of Species,' 195, 209; on 'Warrington's paper at the Victoria Institute,' 264, _note_; on man, 268; on sexual selection, 269, 270; on Mr. Wright's pamphlet in answer to Mivart, 275; on Mivart's remarks and an article in the 'Quarterly Review,' 276; on his criticism of Mivart's 'Lessons from Nature,' 277; last letter to, 326.

Wallace, A. R., letter from, to Prof. A. Newton, 189.

Warrington, Mr., Analysis of the 'Origin' read by, to the Victoria Institute, 264, _note_.

Water-cure, at Ilkley, 206; at Malvern, 160; Moor Park, 82, 184.

Watkins, Archdeacon, 106.

Watson, H. C., charge of egotism against C. Darwin, 246; on Natural Selection, 168.

Wedgwood, Emma, married to C. Darwin, 148.

----, Josiah, character of, 16.

----, Miss Julia, letter to, 62.

----, Susannah, married to R. W. Darwin, 1.

Weir, J., Jenner, observations on white moths, 270.

Westminster Abbey, funeral in, 329.

'Westminster Review,' review of the 'Origin,' in the, by T. H. Huxley, 231.

Whale, secondary, 218.

Whewell, Dr., acquaintance with, 22.

Whitley, Rev. C., 19.

Wiesner, Prof. Julius, criticisms of the 'Power of Movement in Plants,' 317; letter to, on Movement in Plants, 317.

Wilberforce, Bishop, his opinion of the 'Origin,' 227; speech at Oxford against the Darwinian theory, 237; review of the 'Origin' in the 'Quarterly Review,' 238.

Wollaston, T. V., review of the 'Origin' in the 'Annals,' 227.

'Wonders of the World,' 10.

Wood, Searles V., 230.

Woodhouse, shooting at, 15.

Work, 69; method of, 50, 91-99.

----, growing necessity of, 269.

Worms, formation of vegetable-mould by the action of, 32, 49, 285.

Wright, Chauncey, article against Mivart's 'Genesis of Species,' 275, 276.

Writing, manner of, 50, 97-99.

Zacharias, Dr., Otto, letter to, on the theory of evolution, 166.

Zoology, lectures on, in Edinburgh, 14.

'Zoology of the Voyage of the _Beagle_,' arrangements for publishing the, 143; Government grant obtained for the, 144; publication of the, 31, 32.

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