Chapter 2

of a couplet in _Lachrymæ Musarum_, 1649, the volume to which Dryden contributed his school-boy verses 'Upon the Death of the Lord Hastings':

It is decreed, we must be drain'd (I see) Down to the dregs of a _Democracie_.

This is the opening couplet of the English poem preceding Dryden's, and signed 'M.N.' i.e. Marchamont Needham (p. 81).

70.

Burnet's History of His Own Time. Vol. i. (p. 100.)

'The portrait of this Duke has been drawn by four masterly hands: Burnet has hewn it out with his rough chissel; Count Hamilton touched it with that slight delicacy, that finishes while it seems but to sketch; Dryden catched the living likeness; Pope compleated the historical resemblance.'--Horace Walpole, _Royal and Noble Authors_, ed. 1759, vol. ii, p. 78.

There is also Butler's prose character of 'A Duke of Bucks', first printed in Thyer's edition of the _Genuine Remains of Butler_, 1759, vol. ii, pp. 72-5, but written apparently about 1667-9. And there is a verse character in Duke's _Review_.

Page 235, l. 11. _a great liveliness of wit_. In the first sketch Burnet wrote 'he has a flame in his wit that is inimitable'. It lives in _The Rehearsal_. His 'Miscellaneous Works' were collected in two volumes by Tom Brown, 1704-5.

Page 236, l. 12. Compare Butler: 'one that has studied the whole Body of Vice.'

l. 14. Sir Henry Percy, created Baron Percy of Alnwick in 1643. He was then general of the ordinance of the king's army. He joined the Queen's party in France in 1645.

l. 15. _Hobbs_. For Burnet's view of Hobbes, see p. 246, ll. 21 ff.

71.

Absalom and Achitophel. Second Edition. 1681. (ll. 543-68.)

Dryden is his own best critic: 'The Character of _Zimri_ in my _Absalom_, is, in my Opinion, worth the whole Poem: 'Tis not bloody, but 'tis ridiculous enough. And he for whom it was intended, was too witty to resent it as an injury. If I had rail'd, I might have suffer'd for it justly: But I manag'd my own Work more happily, perhaps more dextrously. I avoided the mention of great Crimes and apply'd my self to the representing of Blind-sides, and little Extravagancies: To which, the wittier a Man is, he is generally the more obnoxious. It succeeded as I wish'd.' ('Discourse concerning Satire' prefixed to Dryden's Juvenal, 1693, p. xlii.)

Burnet's prose character again furnishes the best commentary.

Page 236, ll. 28 ff. Compare Butler: 'He is as inconstant as the Moon, which he lives under ... His Mind entertains all Things very freely, that come and go; but, like Guests and Strangers they are not welcome, if they stay long ... His Ears are perpetually drilled with a Fiddlestick. He endures Pleasures with less Patience, than other Men do their Pains.'

72.

Burnet's History of His Own Time. Vol. i. (pp. 267-8.)

This is not one of Burnet's best characters. He did not see the political wisdom that lay behind the ready wit. Halifax was too subtle for Burnet's heavy-handed grasp. To recognize the inadequacy of this short-sighted estimate, it is sufficient to have read the 'Character of King Charles II' (No. 62).

Burnet suffered from Halifax's wit: 'In the House of Lords,' says the first Earl of Dartmouth, 'he affected to conclude all his discourses with a jest, though the subject were never so serious, and if it did not meet with the applause he expected, would be extremely out of countenance and silent, till an opportunity offered to retrieve the approbation he thought he had lost; but was never better pleased than when he was turning Bishop Burnet and his politics into ridicule' (Burnet, ed. Airy, vol. i, p. 485).

Dryden understood Halifax, the Jotham of his _Absalom and Achitophel_:

_Jotham_ of piercing Wit and pregnant Thought: Endew'd by Nature, and by Learning taught To move Assemblies, who but onely tri'd The worse awhile, then chose the better side; Nor chose alone, but turn'd the Balance too; So much the weight of one brave man can do.

See also Dryden's dedication to Halifax of his _King Arthur_.

73.

The Life of the Right Honourable Francis North, Baron of Guilford, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, under King Charles II. and King James II.... By the Honourable Roger North, Esq; London, MDCCXLII. (pp. 223-6.)

Roger North's lives of his three brothers, Lord Keeper Guilford, Sir Dudley North, and Dr. John North, Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, were begun about 1710 but were not published till 1742-4, eight years after his death. The edition of the 'Lives of the Norths' by Augustus Jessopp, 3 vols., 1890, contains also his autobiography.

The Life of Lord Keeper Guilford is invaluable as a picture of the bench and bar under Charles II and James II.

Page 240, l. 6. Sir Francis Pemberton (1625-97), Lord Chief Justice, 1681, removed from the King's Bench, 1683, 'near the time that the great cause of the _quo warranto_ against the city of London was to be brought to judgment in that court.' North had just described him as a judge.

Page 241, l. 1. Compare Scott's _Monastery_, ch. xiv: '"By my troggs," replied Christie, "I would have thrust my lance down his throat."' 'Troggs' is an altered form of 'Troth'. It appears to be Scottish in origin; no Southern instance is quoted in Wright's _Dialect Dictionary_. Saunders may have learned it from a London Scot.

l. 22. Sir John Maynard (1602-90), 'the king's eldest serjeant, but advanced no farther'. Described by North, ed. 1890, p. 149; also p. 26: 'Serjeant Maynard, the best old book-lawyer of his time, used to say that the law was _ars bablativa_'.

l. 30. Sir Matthew Hale (1609-76), Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, described by North, pp. 79 ff. Burnet wrote _The Life and Death of Sir Matthew Hale_, 1682.

Page 243, l. 5. The action taken by the Crown in 1682 contesting the charter of the city of London. Judgement was given for the Crown. See _State Trials_, ed. 1810, vol. viii, 1039 ff., and Burnet, ed. Airy, vol. ii, pp. 343 ff., and compare Hallam, _Constitutional History_, ch. xii, ed. 1863, pp. 453-4.

74.

Burnet's History of His Own Time. Vol. i. (pp. 186-91).

This passage brings together ten of the great divines of the century. It would be easy, as critics have shown, to name as many others, such as Jeremy Taylor, Sanderson, Sheldon, Cosin, Pearson, and South. But Burnet is mainly concerned with the men who in his opinion had the greatest influence during the time of which he is writing, and who were known to him personally. By way of introduction he speaks of the Cambridge Platonists under whom his great contemporaries had been formed. Incidentally he expresses his views on Hobbes's _Leviathan_, and he concludes with a valuable account of the reform in preaching. The passage as a whole is an excellent specimen of Burnet's method and style.

Page 246, ll. 6, 7. John Owen (1616-83), made Dean of Christ Church by Cromwell in 1651, Vice-Chancellor of the University, 1652-8, deprived of the Deanery, 1659. Thomas Goodwin (1600-80), President of Magdalen College, 1650-60, likewise one of the Commission of Visitors to the University appointed by the Parliament. Both were Independents. See H.L. Thompson, _Christ Church_ (College Histories), 1900, pp. 69, 70; and H.A. Wilson, _Magdalen College_, 1899, pp. 172-4.

Page 248, l. 5. Simon Episcopius, or Bischop (1583-1643), Dutch theologian and follower of Arminius: see p. 101, l. 3, note.

Page 249, l. 12. _Irenicum_. _A Weapon-Salve for the Churches Wounds_, published 1661.

Page 252, l. 10. The following sentence is in the original manuscript (folio 98) before 'But I owed': 'and if I have arrived at any faculty of writing clear and correctly, I owe that entirely to them: for as they joined with Wilkins in that Noble tho despised attempt at an Universall Character, and a Philosophicall Language, they took great pains to observe all the common errours of language in generall, and of ours in particular: and in the drawing the tables for that work, which was Lloyds province, he had looked further into a naturall purity and simplicity of stile, than any man I ever knew: into all which he led me, and so helpt me to any measure of exactnes of writing, which may be thought to belong to me.' The sentence is deleted in the transcript that was sent to the printer; but whether it was deleted by Burnet himself, or by the editor, is uncertain. There are other minor alterations in the same page of the transcript (p. 140).

The book referred to in the omitted passage is Wilkins's _Essay Towards a Real Character And a Philosophical Language_, presented to the Royal Society and published in 1668. Lloyd's 'continual assistance' is acknowledged in the 'Epistle to the Reader'.

75.

Burnet's History of His Own Time. Vol. i. (pp. 168-70.)

Page 253, l. 23. He served under Turenne in four campaigns, 1652-5, latterly as Lieutenant-General. His own account of these campaigns has fortunately been preserved. It is a portion of the journal to which Burnet refers. See _The Life of James the Second King of England, etc., collected out of memoirs writ of his own hand.... Published from the original Stuart manuscripts in Carlton-House_, edited by James Stanier Clarke, 2 vols, 1816.

Page 254, l. 20. After the surrender at Oxford on June 24, 1646, James was given into the charge of the Earl of Northumberland and confined at St. James's. See _Life_, ed. J.S. Clarke, vol. i, pp. 30-1, and Clarendon, vol. iv, pp. 237, and 326-8.

Page 255, l. 3. Richard Stuart (1594-1651), 'the dean of the King's chapel, whom his majesty had recommended to his son to instruct him in all matters relating to the Church' (Clarendon, vol. iv, p. 341). See Wood's _Athenæ Oxonienses_, ed. Bliss, vol. iii, cols. 295-8, and John Walker's _Sufferings of the Clergy_, Pt. II, p. 48.

ll. 6-8. The autograph reads (fol. 87): 'He said that a Nun had advised him to pray every day, that if he was not in the right way that God would set him right, did make a great impression on him.' The transcript (p. 127) agrees with the print.

ll. 27-9. James definitely joined the Roman church at the beginning of 1669: see _Life_, ed. J.S. Clarke, vol. i, p. 440.

Page 256, l. 3. As High Admiral he defeated the Dutch at Lowestoft, 1665, and Southwold Bay, 1672. Compare Dryden's _Annus Mirabilis_, ll. 73-4:

Victorious _York_ did first, with fam'd success, To his known valour make the _Dutch_ give place;

also his _Verses to the Duchess_ on the Duke's victory of June 3, 1665. He ceased to be High Admiral on the passing of the Test Act, 1673.

Page 256, l. 6. Sir William Coventry (1628-86), secretary to James, 1660-7. 'He was the man of the finest parts and the best temper that belonged to the court:' see his character by Burnet, ed. Airy, vol. i, pp. 478-9.

ll. 13 ff. Compare Pepys's _Diary_, November 20, 1661, June 27 and July 2, 1662, June 2, 1663, July 21, 1666, &c.

76.

Burnet's History of His Own Time. Vol. ii. (p. 292-3.)

INDEX.

Abbott, George, Archbishop of Canterbury Achitophel. See Shaftesbury. Aires, or Ayres, Captain. Anglesey, Arthur Annesley, first Earl of. Argyle, Archibald Campbell, Marquis of. Arminius. Army, The New Model. Arundel, Thomas Howard, Earl of: character by Clarendon; by Sir Edward Walker; his art collections. Ascham, Roger. Ashley, Lord. See Shaftesbury. Aubrey, John: description of Hobbes; of Milton; his manuscripts; quoted. _Aulicus Coquinariæ_.

Bacon, Sir Francis, Baron Verulam, Viscount St. Albans: character by Jonson; by Arthur Wilson; by Fuller; by Rawley; his relations with Hobbes; Essays quoted by Baxter; _Advancement of Learning_; _Henry VII_; _Apophthegms_. Baker, Sir Richard. Balfour, Sir William. Bankes, Anne, wife of Edmund Waller. Bate, or Bates, George: _Elenchus Motuum_. Baxter, Richard: character of Cromwell; _Reliquiæ Baxterianæ_; letter to Lauderdale. Bedford, Francis Russell, fourth Earl of. Bee, Cornelius, bookseller. Bendish, Bridget. Bendish, Henry. Bentivoglio, Cardinal Guido. Berry, James. Bible. Boileau. Bolton, Edmund: _Hypercritica_. Bradshaw, John: Milton's praise of. Brentford, Patrick Ruthven, Earl of: character by Clarendon. Bristol, John Digby, first Earl of. Bristol, second Earl of. See Digby, George. Brooke, Sir Fulke Greville, first Baron. Brooke, Robert Greville, second Baron. Buckingham, George Villiers, first Duke of: character by Clarendon; by Sir Henry Wotton; Clarendon's early account. Buckingham, George Villiers, second Duke of: character by Burnet; by Dryden (Zimri); other characters. Buckingham, or Buckinghamshire, John Sheffield, Duke of: 'Character of Charles II'. Burleigh, William Cecil, Baron. Burnet, Gilbert, Bishop of Salisbury: characters of Charles II; Clarendon; Lauderdale; Shaftesbury; Buckingham; Halifax; seventeenth-century divines; James II; account of Vane; Waller; Sir Philip Warwick; his characters; revision of his characters; _History of His Own Time_; _Memoirs of Dukes of Hamilton_; _Life of Hale_; _Life of Rochester_; relations with Lauderdale; with English divines. Burton, John. Bushell, Thomas. Butler, Samuel: character of Shaftesbury; of Buckingham. Byron, John, first Baron Byron.

Cæsar. Calamy, Edward. Calvert, Sir George, Baron Baltimore. Camden, William. Cambridge Platonists. Canterbury College. Capel, Arthur, Baron Capel: character by Clarendon, Cromwell's character of him. Carew, Thomas. Carleton, Sir Dudley, Baron Carleton, Viscount Dorchester. Carlisle, James Hay, Earl of. Carlyle, Thomas. Carnarvon, Robert Dormer, Earl of: character by Clarendon. Cavendish, George. Cecil, Robert. _See_ Salisbury. Chamberlayne, Edward: _Angliæ Nolitia_. Charles I: character by Clarendon; by Sir Philip Warwick; Prince. Charles II: his character by Halifax; by Burnet; other characters; his taste in sermons. Cheynell, Francis. Chillingworth, William: character by Clarendon; his siege engine. Christ Church, Oxford. Christie, W.D. Cicero. Clarendon, Edward Hyde, Earl of: character by Burnet; other characters of him; characters written by him, _see_ Contents; his long study of Digby; his merits as a character writer; his conception of history; his manuscripts; the _History_; its authenticity; editorial alterations; the _Life_; _View of Hobbes's Leviathan_; _Essays_ quoted; _Letters_ quoted; other writings; his picture gallery. Clarendon, Henry Hyde, second Earl of. Clarke, Abraham. _Clélie_. Coke, Sir Edward. Coke, Roger: _Detection of the Court and State of England_. Coleridge, S.T. Cominges, Le Comte de, French ambassador. Con, Signior, papal nuncio. _Connoisseur, The_. Conway, Sir Edward, Viscount Conway. Cottington, Sir Francis, Baron Cottington. Cotton, Sir Robert. Cousin, Victor. Coventry, Sir Thomas, Baron Coventry: character by Clarendon. Coventry, Sir William, character by Burnet. Cowley, Abraham: 'Of My self', character by Sprat, note by Aubrey, his _Essays_, verses on Falkland, Latin verses. Crofts, William, Baron Crofts. Cromwell, Oliver, Lord Protector: character by Clarendon, by Sir Philip Warwick, by John Maidston, by Baxter. Cudworth, Ralph: character by Burnet. Culpeper, or Colepeper, Sir John. Cumberland, Henry Clifford, Earl of. _Cyrus, Le Grand_.

Davenant, Sir William. Davila, Enrico Caterino. Desborough, John. Digby, George, Baron Digby, second Earl of Bristol: character by Clarendon; others by Clarendon; description by Shaftesbury. Diogenes Laertius. _Divers portraits_. Dominico, Signior. Dorchester, Viscount. See Carleton. Dort, Synod of. Dryden, John: character of Shaftesbury, of Buckingham; of Halifax; _Absalom and Achitophel_; _Annus Mirabilis_; _Of Dramatick Poesie_; _Verses to Duchess of York_; dedication of _King Arthur_. Duke, Richard, _The Review_. Dunton, John, _Life and Errors_.

Earle, or Earles, John, Bishop of Worcester: character by Clarendon; described by Walton; letters from Clarendon; _Micro-cosmographie_. _Eikon Basilike_. Elizabeth, daughter of James I. _England's Black Tribunall_. Episcopius. _Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ_. Essex, Robert Devereux, second Earl of: Clarendon's early study. Essex, Robert Devereux, third Earl of: character by Clarendon, by Arthur Wilson. Evanson, William. Evelyn, John: _Diary_; letter quoted.

Fairfax, Ferdinando, second Baron. Fairfax, Sir Thomas, third Baron: character by Baxter, Milton's sonnet; and Latin character; Clarendon's estimate, Warwick's estimate. Falkland, Henry Cary, first Viscount. Falkland, Lattice, second Viscountess. Falkland, Lucius Gary, second Viscount: character by Clarendon (1647); later character (1668); his marriage; his death; his speech concerning episcopacy; his writings; quoted by Fuller. See also Tew. Finch, Sir John, Baron Finch. Firth, C.H. Fouquet, Nicholas. Fuller, Thomas: his character (anonymous); described by Aubrey; his _Life_; his character of Bacon; of Laud; his characters; _Church-History_; _Holy State_; _Worthies of England_.

_Galerie des Peintures, La_. Gardiner, S.R. Gauden, John. _Gentleman's Magazine_. Gildon, Charles. Glencairn, William Cunningham, Earl of. Godolphin, Sidney: character by Clarendon. Gondomar, Spanish ambassador. Goodwin, Thomas, President of Magdalen College, Oxford. Goring, George, Baron Goring: character by Clarendon. Greville, Fulke. See Brooke. Grotius, Hugo. Guilford, Francis North, Baron of, Lord Keeper.

Hacket, John: _Scrinia Reserata_. Hale, Sir Matthew, Lord Chief Justice. Hales, John, of Eton: character by Clarendon; letters on Synod of Dort; _Tract concerning Schisme_; _Golden Remains_; praise of Shakespeare. Halifax, George Savile, Marquis of: character by Burnet; by Dryden; his character of Charles II. Hall, Joseph, Bishop. Hamilton, Antoine. Hamilton, James, third Marquis and first Duke of Hamilton. Hamilton, William, second Duke of Hamilton. Hammond, Henry, chaplain to Charles I. Hampden, John: character by Clarendon; Clarendon's reference to it; its authenticity; character by Sir Philip Warwick. Hastings, Henry: character by Shaftesbury. Hawkins, Sir Thomas. Hayward, Sir John. Henry, Prince. Herbert, Sir Thomas. Hertford, William Seymour, Marquis of: character by Clarendon. Hobbes, Edmund. Hobbes, Thomas: described by Clarendon; by Aubrey; assists Bacon; Burnet's opinions. Holinshed, Raphael. Holland, Philemon. Holles, Denzil, first Baron Holles. Hopton, Ralph, first Baron Hopton. Horace. Howard, Charles, Baron Howard of Effingham, Earl of Nottingham. Howard, Leonard: _Collection of Letters_. Howell, James: character of Ben Jonson. _Hudibras_. Huntingdon, Earls of. Hutchinson, John, Colonel: character by his widow; her _Memoirs_. Hyde, Edward. See Clarendon.

Irenæus. _Irenicum_, Stillingfleet's. Islip, Simon, Archbishop of Canterbury.

James I: character by Arthur Wilson; by Sir Anthony Weldon; 'the wisest foole in Christendome'. James II: characters by Burnet; his journal; High Admiral. Jermyn, Henry, Baron Jermyn, Earl of St. Albans. Johnson, Samuel: quoted; _Lives of the Poets_. Jonson, Ben: character by Clarendon; by James Howell; his character of Bacon, and description. Jotham. See Halifax. Juxon, William, Archbishop of Canterbury: character by Sir Philip Warwick.

Killigrew, Henry. Killigrew, Thomas, the elder. Kimbolton, Baron. See Manchester, Earl of. King, James, General. Knolles, Richard: _History of The Turkes_. Knott, Edward: 'the learned Jesuit'.

La Bruyère. _Lachrymæ Musarum_. Lake, Sir Thomas. Laud, William, Archbishop of Canterbury: character by Clarendon; by Fuller; by Sir Philip Warwick; speech on scaffold. Lauderdale, John Maitland, Earl of: character by Clarendon; character by Burnet; his library. Lawes, Henry, musician. Leicester, Robert Sidney, Earl of. Levett, Mr., Page of Bedchamber to Charles I. Lewgar, John. Lilburne, John. Lincoln, Bishop of. _See_ Williams, John. Livy. Lloyd, William, Bishop of Worcester: character by Burnet. Lucan. Lugar. See Lewgar.

Macaulay, Lord, Machiavelli, Maidston, John: character of Cromwell, Manchester, Edward Montagu, second Earl of, Baron Montagu of Kimbolton, Viscount Mandeville: character by Clarendon, by Warwick, by Burnet, Manchester, Henry Montagu, first Earl of, Mandeville, Viscount. See Manchester, Earl of. Mansell, Sir Robert, Marlborough, James Ley, Earl of, _Martyrdom of King Charles_, Maurice, Prince. Maynard, Sir John, _Mercurius Academicus_, Middlesex, Lionel Cranfield, Earl of, Middleton, John, Earl of Middleton, Millington, Edward, bookseller and auctioneer, Milton, John: described by Aubrey, note by Edward Phillips, notes by Jonathan Richardson, his sonnet to Fairfax, to Vane, to Henry Lawes, his Latin character of Fairfax, _Eikonoklastes_, _Defensio Secunda_, his daughters, ignored by Clarendon, Milward, Richard, Molière, Montaigne, Montgomery, Earl of. See Pembroke, fourth Earl of. Montpensier, Mlle de, More, Henry, the Cambridge Platonist: character by Burnet, More, Sir Thomas, Morley, George, Bishop of Worcester, 'My part lies therein-a',

Naunton, Sir Robert, Needham, Marchamont, Newcastle, William Cavendish, Marquis of, afterwards Duke of: character by Clarendon, character by Warwick, Life by the Duchess, his books on horsemanship, Clarendon's opinion of his military capacity, Nicholas, Sir Edward, North, Francis. See Guilford, Lord Keeper. North, Roger: character of Sir Edmund Saunders, his _Lives of the Norths_, North, Sir Thomas, Northampton, Spencer Compton, second Earl of: character by Clarendon, Northumberland, Algernon Percy, tenth Earl of, Nott. See Knott.

Oldmixon, John, Olivian, Dr., 'a German', Orrery, Roger Boyle, first Earl of, Osborne, Francis: _Traditionall Memoyres on the Raigne of King James_, Overbury, Sir Thomas, Ovid, Owen, John, Dean of Christ Church,

Patrick, Simon, Bishop of Chichester: character by Burnet, 'Peace begot Plenty', 'Peace with honour', Pearson, John, Bishop of Chester, Peck, Francis: _Desiderata Curiosa_, Pemberton, Sir Francis, Lord Chief Justice, Pembroke, Philip Herbert, Earl of Montgomery, fourth Earl of, Pembroke, William Herbert, third Earl of: character by Clarendon, Pepys, Samuel: _Diary_, Percy, Sir Henry, Baron Percy of Alnwick, Persius, Peyton, Sir Edward: _Divine Catastrophe of the House of Stuarts_, Philips, Ambrose, Phillips, Edward: note on Milton, his uncle, _Life of Milton_, _Theatrum Poetarum_, _Phoenix Britannicus_, Plato, Plutarch, _Poems on State Affairs_, Polybius, Portland, Earl of. See Weston, Sir Richard. Preaching, reform in, Prynne, William, Pym, John: character by Clarendon,

Raleigh, Sir Walter, Rawley, William: character of Bacon, _Life_, _Reliquiæ Wottonianæ_, _Retrospective Review_, Rich, Robert, Earl of Warwick's grandson, Richardson, Jonathan: notes on Milton, _Explanatory Notes on Paradise Lost_, Robinson, Sir Tancred, Rochester, first Earl of. See Wilmot, Henry. Rochester, John Wilmot, second Earl of, Rochester, Laurence Hyde, first Earl of the Hyde family, Rothes, John Leslie, Earl and Duke of, Rowe, Nicholas, Rupert, Prince: character by Clarendon, Rushworth: _Historical Collections_, Russell, Sir William, Treasurer of the Navy, Ruthven, Patrick. See Brentford, Earl of. Rutland, Francis Manners, sixth Earl of,

St. John, Oliver, St. John's College, Oxford, St. Martin's, 'the greatest cure in England', St. Paul's Cathedral, St. Peters in Cornhill, Salisbury, Robert Cecil, first Earl of, Salisbury, William Cecil, third Earl of: character by Clarendon, Sallust, Sanderson, Robert, Bishop of Lincoln, Saunders, Sir Edmund, Lord Chief Justice: character by Roger North, Savile, Sir Henry, Savile, George. See Halifax, Marquis of. Savile, Thomas, Viscount Savile, Savoy Hospital, Say and Sele, William Fiennes, Viscount: character by Clarendon, by Arthur Wilson, Scott, Sir Walter, Scudéry, Madeleine de Selden, John: character by Clarendon Seneca, Lucius Annæus Seneca, Marcus Annæus _Session of the Poets_ (Restoration poem) _Sessions of the Poets_, Suckling's Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, Baron Ashley, Earl of: character by Burnet; by Dryden (Achitophel); by Butler; by Duke; his character of Henry Hastings; description of Digby; his _Autobiography_ Shakespeare Sheldon, Gilbert, Archbishop of Canterbury Shrewsbury, Gilbert Talbot, Earl of Smith, Edmund Somaize, Antoine Bandeau, sieur de Somerset, Robert Ker _or_ Carr, Earl of Sorel, Charles Spelman, Sir Henry Spenser, Edmund Sprat, Thomas, Bishop of Rochester: character of Cowley; _Life of Cowley_ Stillingfleet, Edward, Bishop of Worcester: character by Burnet Stow, John Strada, Famiano Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of: character by Clarendon; by Warwick; Stuart, Richard, dean of the King's Chapel Suckling, Sir John Suetonius Suffolk, Thomas Howard, Earl of Sully, Duc de: _Mémoires_ Swift, Jonathan

Tacitus Tanfield, Sir Lawrence Tate, Nahum Temple, Sir William Tenison, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury: character by Burnet Tew, seat of Lord Falkland Theophrastus Thuanus (Jacques de Thou) Thucydides Thurloe, John, Secretary of State; _State Papers_ Tiberius, James I compared to; Charles II compared to Tillotson, John, Archbishop of Canterbury: character by Burnet Triplet, Dr. Thomas Tuesday Sermons of James I Turenne, Marshal

Vane, Sir Henry, the elder Vane, Sir Henry, the younger: characters by Clarendon; character by Baxter; Milton's sonnet; other accounts Velleius Paterculus

Walker, Sir Edward: _Historical Discourses_ Walker, John: _Sufferings of the Clergy_ Walker, Mr., of the Temple, 'a Relation of Milton's' Waller, Edmund: his character by Clarendon, described by Burnet, by Aubrey, Walpole, Horace: _Royal and Noble Authors_, Walton, Izaak, Warwick, Mary, Countess of, Warwick, Sir Philip: character of Charles I, Strafford, Laud, Juxon, Cromwell, Hampden, Fairfax, Clarendon, his characters, his _Mémoires_, a Straffordian, imprisoned, described by Burnet, Warwick, Robert Rich, second Earl of: character by Clarendon, by Arthur Wilson, pillar of the Presbyterian party, Wayte, Mr., Weldon, Sir Anthony: character of James I, _Court and Character of King James_, Welwood, James: _Memoirs_, Weston, Sir Richard, Earl of Portland: character by Clarendon, by Wotton, Whitchcot, or Whichcote, Benjamin: character by Burnet, Whitelocke: _Memorials_, 'White Staff', Wilkins, John: character by Burnet, his _Essay Towards a Real Character_, William of Wickham, Williams, John, Bishop of Lincoln, Lord Keeper, Wilmot, Henry, Baron Wilmot, Earl of Rochester: character by Clarendon, Wilson, Arthur: character of James I, of Bacon, of Essex, Warwick, and Say, _Reign of King James_, Wolsey, Cardinal, Wood: _Athenæ Oxonienses_, Worthington, John: character by Burnet, Wotton, Sir Henry, Wright, Dr., 'an ancient clergyman in Dorsetshire',

Xenophon,

Young, Sir Peter, Young, Patrick,

Zimri. See Buckingham.