Act ii. sc. 4 (1593).

=Ter´il= (_Sir Walter_). The king exacts an oath from Sir Walter to send his bride, Cælestina, to court on her wedding night. Her father, to save her honor, gives her a mixture supposed to be poison, but in reality only a sleeping draught, from which she awakes in due time, to the amusement of the king and delight of her husband.--Thomas Dekker, _Satiromastix_ (1602).

=Termagant=, an imaginary being, supposed by the crusaders to be a Mohammedan deity. In the _Old Moralities_ the degree of rant was the measure of the wickedness of the character portrayed; so Pontius Pilate, Herod, Judas Iscariot, Termagant, the tyrant, Sin, and so on, were all ranting parts.

I would have such a fellow whipped for o’er-doing Termagant; it out-Herods Herod, pray you, avoid it.--Shakespeare, _Hamlet_, act iii. sc. 2 (1596).

_Termagant_, the maid of Harriet Quidnunc. She uses most wonderful words, as _paradropsical_ for “rhapsodical,” _perjured_ for “assured,” _phisology_ for “philology,” _curacy_ for “accuracy,” _fignification_ for “signification,” importation for “import,” _anecdote_ for “antidote,” _infirmaries_ for “infirmities,” _intimidate_ for “intimate.”--Murphy, _The Upholsterer_ (1758).

=Ter´meros=, a robber of Peloponnesos, who killed his victims by cracking their skulls against his own.

=Termosi´ris=, a priest of Apollo, in Egypt; wise, prudent, cheerful, and courteous.--Fénelon, _Télémaque_, ii. (1700).

=Ternotte=, one of the domestics of Lady Eveline Berenger, “the betrothed.”--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).

=Terpin= (_Sir_), a king who fell into the power of Radigund, queen of the Amăzons. Refusing to dress in female attire, as she commanded, and to sew, card wool, spin, and do house work, he was doomed to be gibbeted by her women. Sir Artegal undertook his cause, and a fight ensued, which lasted all day. When daylight closed, Radigund proposed to defer the contest till the following day, to which Sir Artegal acceeded. Next day the knight was victorious; but when he saw the brave queen bleeding to death, he took pity on her, and, throwing his sword aside, ran to succor her. Up started Radigund as he approached, attacked him like a fury, and, as he had no sword, he was, of course, obliged to yield. So the contest was decided against him, and Sir Terpin was hung by women, as Radigund had commanded.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. 5 (1596).

=Terpischore= [_Terp.sic´o.re._], the Muse of dancing.--_Greek Fable._

=Terrible= (_The_), Ivan IV. or II. of Russia (1529, 1533-1584).

=Terror of France= (_The_), John Talbot, first earl of Shrewsbury (1373-1453).

Is this the Talbot, so much feared abroad, That with his name the mothers still their babes? Shakespeare, _1 Henry VI._ act ii. sc. 3 (1589).

=Terror of the World= (_The_), Attĭla, king of the Huns (*-453).

=Terry Alts=, a lawless body of rebels, who sprang up in Clare (Ireland) after the union.

The “Thrashers” of Connaught, the “Carders,” the followers of “Captain Right,” in the eighteenth century, those of “Captain Rock,” who appeared in 1822, and the “Fenians,” in 1865, were similar disturbers of the peace.

=Tesoretto= (“The Little Treasure,”) an Italian poem by Brunetto Latini, preceptor of Dantê (1285). The poem is one of the landmarks in the development of the Italian language. The poet says he was returning from an embassy to the king of Spain, and met a scholar who told him of the overthrow of the Guelfi. Struck with grief, he lost his road, and wandered into a wood, where Dame Nature accosted him, and disclosed to him the secrets of her works. On he wandered till he came to a vast plain, inhabited by Virtue and her four daughters, together with Courtesy, Bounty, Loyalty, and Prowess. Leaving this, he came to a fertile valley, which was for ever shifting its appearance, from round to square, from light to darkness. This was the valley of Queen Pleasure, who was attended by Love, Hope, Fear, and Desire. Ovid comes to the poet at length and tells him how to effect his escape. Dantê meets Brunetto Latini in Hell, and praises his poem.

=Tes´sira=, one of the leaders of the Moorish host.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).

=Tests of Chastity.= Alasnam’s mirror; the brawn or boar’s head; drinking-horns (see ARTHUR’S DRINKING-HORN; SIR CRADOCK AND THE DRINKING-HORN); Florimel’s girdle; grotto of Ephesus; the test mantle; oath on St. Antony’s arm was held in supreme reverence because it was believed that whoever took the oath falsely would be consumed by “St. Antony’s fire” within the current year; the trial of the sieve.

=Tests of Fidelity.= Canacê’s mirror; Gondibert’s emerald ring. The corsned or “cursed mouthful,” a piece of bread consecrated by exorcism, and given to the “suspect” to swallow as a test. “May this morsel choke me if I am guilty,” said the defendant, “but turn to wholesome nourishment if I am innocent.” Ordeals, combats between plaintiff and defendant, or their representatives.

=Tête Bottée=, Philippe de Commines [_Cum.min_], politician and historian (1445-1509).

You, Sir Philippe des Comines [_sic_] were at a hunting-match with the duke, your master; and when he alighted, after the chase, he required your services in drawing off his boots. Reading in your looks some natural resentment, ... he ordered you to sit down in turn, and rendered you the same office ... but ... no sooner had he plucked one of your boots off than he brutally beat it about your head ... and his privileged fool, Le Gloirieux, ... gave you the name of _Tête Bottée_.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_, xxx. (time, Edward IV.).

=Te´thys=, daughter of Heaven and Earth, the wife of Ocean and mother of the river-gods. In poetry it means the sea generally.

The golden sun above the watery bed Of hoary Têthys raised his beamy head. Hoole’s _Ariosto_, viii.

By the earth-shaking Neptune’s mace [_trident_], And Têthy’s grave majestic pace. Milton, _Comus_, 870 (1634).

=Tetrachor´don=, the title of one of Milton’s books about marriage and divorce. The word means “the four strings;” and refers to the four chief places in Scripture which bear on the subject of marriage.

A book was writ of late called _Tetrachordon_. Milton, _Sonnet_, x.

=Teucer=, son of Telămon of Salămis, and brother of Telamon Ajax. He was the best archer of all the Greeks at the siege of Troy.

I may, like a second Teucer, discharge my shafts from behind the shield of my ally.--Sir W. Scott.

=Teufelsdroeckh= (_Herr_), pronounce _Toi.felz.drurk_; an eccentric German professor and philosopher. The object of this satire is to expose all sorts of shams, social as well as intellectual.--Carlyle, _Sartor Resartus_ (1849).

=Teutonic Knights= (_The_), an order organized by Frederick, duke of Suabia, in Palestine (1190). St. Louis gave them permission to quarter on their arms the _fleur de lis_ (1250). The order was abolished, in 1809, by Napoleon I.

=Tewksburys= (_The_), “Society” couple, always bickering, and always making up, inveighing against the boredom of society duties, yet bent upon complying with every by-law, and sacrificing time and happiness to their idol.--Philip Henry Welch, _The Tailor-Made Girl_ (1888).

=Texartis=, a Scythian soldier, killed by the Countess Brenhilda.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).

=Tezoz´omoc=, chief of the priests of the Az´tecas. He fasted ten months to know how to appease the national gods, and then declared that the only way was to offer “the White Strangers” on their altars. Tezozomoc was killed by burning lava from a volcanic mountain.

Tezozomoc Beholds the judgment ... and sees The lava floods beneath him. His hour Is come. The fiery shower, descending, heaps Red ashes round. They fall like drifted snows, And bury and consume the accursed priest. Southey, _Madoc_, ii. 26 (1805).

=Thaddeus of Warsaw=, the hero and title of a novel by Jane Porter (1803.)

=Thaddu=, the father of Morna, who became the wife of Comhal and the mother of Fingal.--Ossian.

=Tha´is= (2 _syl._), an Athenian courtezan, who induced Alexander, in his cups, to set fire to the palace of the Persian kings at Persepŏlis.

The king seized a flambeau with zeal to destroy; Thaïs led the way to light him to his prey, And, like another Helen, fired another Troy. Dryden, _Alexanders Feast_ (1697).

=Thaïs´a=, daughter of Simon´idês, king of Pentap´olis. She married Periclês, prince of Tyre. In her voyage to Tyre Thaïsa gave birth to a daughter, and dying, as it was supposed, in childbirth, was cast into the sea. The chest in which she was placed drifted to Ephesus, and fell into the hands of Cer´imon, a physician, who soon discovered that she was not dead. Under proper care, she entirely recovered, and became a priestess in the temple of Diana. Periclês, with his daughter and her betrothed husband, visiting the shrine of Diana, became known to each other, and the whole mystery was cleared up.--Shakespeare, _Pericles, Prince of Tyre_ (1608).

=Thal´aba ebn Hateb=, a poor man, who came to Mahomet, requesting him to beg God to bestow on him wealth, and promising to employ it in works of godliness. The “prophet” made the petition, and Thalaba rapidly grew rich. One day Mahomet sent to the rich man for alms, but Thalaba told the messengers their demand savored more of tribute than of charity, and refused to give anything; but afterwards repenting, he took to the “prophet” a good round sum. Mahomet now refused to accept it, and, throwing dust on the ungrateful churl, exclaimed, “Thus shall thy wealth be scattered!” and the man became poor again as fast as he had grown rich.--_Al Korân_, ix. (Sale’s notes).

=Thal´aba, the Destroyer=--that is, the destroyer of the evil spirits of Dom-Daniel. He was the only surviving child of Hodei´rah (3 _syl._), and his wife, Zeinab (2 _syl._); their other eight children had been cut off by the Dom-Danielists, because it had been decreed by fate that “one of the race would be their destruction.” When a mere stripling, Thalăba was left motherless and fatherless (bk. i.); he then found a home in the tent of a Bedouin named Mo´ath, who had a daughter, Onei´za (3 _syl._). Here he was found by Abdaldar, an evil spirit, sent from Dom-Daniel to kill him; but the spirit was killed by a simoom, just as he was about to stab the boy, and Thalaba was saved (bk. ii.). He now drew from the finger of Abdaldar, the magic ring, which gave him power over all spirits; and, thus armed, he set out to avenge the death of his father (bk. iii.). On his way to Babylon he was encountered by a merchant, who was in reality the sorcerer, Loba´ba, in disguise. This sorcerer led Thalaba astray into the wilderness, and then raised up a whirlwind to destroy him; but the whirlwind was the death of Lobaba himself, and again Thalaba escaped (bk. iv.). He reached Babylon at length, and met there Mohāreb, another evil spirit, disguised as a warrior, who conducted him to the “mouth of hell.” Thalaba detected the villainy, and hurled the false one into the abyss (bk. v.). The young “Destroyer” was next conveyed to “the paradise of pleasure,” but he resisted every temptation, and took to flight just in time to save Oneiza, who had been brought there by violence (bk. vi.). He then killed Aloa´din, the presiding spirit of the garden, with a club, was made vizier, and married Oneiza, but she died on the bridal night (bk. vii.). Distracted at this calamity, he wandered towards Kâf, and entered the house of an old woman, who was spinning thread. Thalaba expressed surprise at its extreme fineness, but Maimu´na (the old woman) told him, fine as it was, he could not break it. Thalaba felt incredulous, and wound it round his wrists, when, lo! he became utterly powerless; and Maimuna, calling up her sister, Khwala, conveyed him helpless to the island of Moha´reb (bk. viii.). Here he remained for a time, and was at length liberated by Maimuna, who repented of her sins, and turned to Allah (bk. ix.). Being liberated from the island of Mohāreb, our hero wandered, cold and hungry, into a dwelling, where he saw Laila, the daughter of Okba, the sorcerer. Okba rushed forward with intent to kill him, but Laila interposed, and fell dead by the hand of her own father (bk. x.). Her spirit, in the form of a green bird, now became the guardian angel of “The Destroyer,” and conducted him to the simorg, who directed him the road to Dom-Daniel (bk. xi.), which he reached in time, slew the surviving sorcerers, and was received into heaven (bk. xii.).--Southey, _Thalaba, the Destroyer_ (1797).

=Thales´tris=, queen of the Amazons. Any bold, heroic woman.

As stout Armi´da [_q.v._], bold Thalestris, And she [_Rhodalind q.v._] that would have been the mistress Of Gondibert. S. Butler, _Hudibras_, i. 2 (1663).

=Tha´lia=, the Muse of pastoral song. She is often represented with a crook in her hand.

Turn to the gentler melodies which suit Thalia’s harp, or Pan’s Arcadian lute. Campbell, _Pleasures of Hope_, ii. (1790).

=Thaliard=, a lord of Antioch.--Shakespeare, _Pericles, Prince of Tyre_ (1608).

=Tham´muz=, God of the Syrians, and fifth in order of the hierarchy of hell: (1) Satan, (2) Beëlzebub, (3) Moloch, (4) Chemos, (5) Thammuz (the same as Ado´nis). Thammuz was slain by a wild boar in Mount Lebanon, from whence the river Adonis descends, the water of which, at a certain season of the year, becomes reddened. Addison saw it, and ascribes the redness to a minium washed into the river by the violence of the rain.

Thammuz came next behind, Whose annual wound in Lebanon allured The Syrian damsels to lament his fate In amorous ditties all a summer’s day; While smooth Adonis from his native rock Ran purple to the sea, supposed with blood Of Thammuz yearly wounded. Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 446, etc. (1665).

=Thamu´dites= (3 _syl._), people of the tribe of Thamûd. They refused to believe in Mahomet without seeing a miracle. On a grand festival, Jonda, prince of the Thamûdites, told Sâleh, the prophet, that the god which answered by miracle should be acknowledged God by both. Jonda and the Thamûdites first called upon their idols, but received no answer. “Now,” said the prince to Sâleh, “if God will bring a camel big with young from that rock, we will believe.” Scarcely had he spoken, when the rock groaned and shook and opened; and forthwith there came a camel, which there and then cast its young one. Jonda became at once a convert, but the Thamûdites held back. To add to the miracle, the camel went up and down among the people crying, “Ho! every one that thirsteth, let him come, and I will give him milk!” (compare _Isaiah_ lv. 1.).

Unto the tribe of Thamûd we sent their brother, Sâleh. He said, “O, my people, worship God; ye have no god besides him. Now hath a manifest proof come unto you from the Lord. This she-camel of God is a sign unto you; therefore dismiss her freely ... and do her no hurt, lest a painful punishment seize upon you.”--_Al Korân_, vii.

⁂ There is a slight resemblance between this story and that of the contest between Elijah and the priests of Baal, so graphically described in _1 Kings_ xviii.

=Tham´yris= (_Blind_), a Thracian poet, who challenged the Muses to a contest of song, and was deprived of sight, voice, and musical skill for his presumption (Pliny, _Natural History_, iii. 33, and vii. 57). Plutarch says he had the finest voice of any one, and that he wrote a poem on the _War of the Titans with the Gods_. Suidas tells us that he composed a poem on creation. And Plato, in his _Republic_ (last book), feigns that the spirit of the blind old bard passed into a nightingale at death. Milton speaks of:

Blind Thamyris and blind Mæon´idês [_Homer_]. _Paradise Lost_, iii. 35 (1665).

=Thanatopsis.= “View of, or meditation upon death.”

W. C. Bryant’s poem bearing this name was written when he was but nineteen years old (1818). It is the best of his poems.

=Thancmar=, châtelain of Bourbourg, the great enemy of Bertulphe, the provost of Bruges. Charles “the Good,” earl of Flanders, made a law in 1127, that a serf was always a serf till manumitted, and whoever married a serf became a serf. By these absurd laws, the provost of Bruges became a serf, because his father was Thancmar’s serf. By the same laws, Bouchard, though a knight of long descent became Thancmar’s serf, because he married Constance, the provost’s daughter. The result of these laws was that Bertulphe slew the earl and then himself, Constance went mad and died, Bouchard and Thancmar slew each other in fight, and all Bruges was thrown into confusion.--S. Knowles, _The Provost of Bruges_ (1836).

=Thaumast=, an English pundit, who went to Paris, attracted by the rumor of the great wisdom of Pantag´ruel. He arranged a disputation with that prince, to be carried on solely by pantomime, without the utterance of a single word. Panurge undertook the disputation for the prince, and Pantagruel was appointed arbiter. Many a knotty point in magic, alchemy, the cabala, geomancy, astrology, and philosophy were argued out by signs alone, and the Englishman freely confessed himself fully satisfied, for “Panurge had told him even more than he had asked.”--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. 19, 20 (1533).

=Thaumaturga.= Filumēna is called _La Thaumaturge du Dixneuvième Siecle_. In 1802, a grave was discovered with this inscription: LUMENA PAXTE CVMFI, which has no meaning, but being re-arranged makes PAX TE-CUM, FI-LUMENA. So Filumena was at once accepted as a proper name and canonized. And because as many miracles were performed at her tomb as at that of the famous Abbé de Paris, mentioned in Paley’s _Evidences_, she was called “The Nineteenth-Century Miracle-Worker.” But who Filumena was, or if indeed she ever existed, is one of those secrets which no one, perhaps, will ever know. (See ST. FILOMENA.)

=Thaumatur´gus.= Gregory, bishop of Neo-Cæsarēa, in Cappadocia, was so called on account of his numerous miracles (212-270).

ALEXANDER OF HOHENLOHE, was a worker of miracles.

APOLLONIUS OF TYA´NA, “raised the dead, healed the sick, cast out devils, freed a young man from a lamia or vampire of which he was enamored, uttered prophecies, saw at Ephesus the assassination of Domitian at Rome, and filled the world with the fame of his sanctity” (A.D. 3-98).--Philostrătos, _Life of Apollonius of Tyana_, in eight books.

FRANCIS D’ASSISI (_St._), founder of the Franciscan order (1182-1226).

J. J. GASSNER, of Bratz, in the Tyrol, exorcised the sick and cured their diseases “miraculously” (1727-1779).

ISIDORE (_St._) of Alexandria (370-440).--Damascius, _Life of St. Isidore_ (sixth century).

JAMBLICHUS, when he prayed, was raised ten cubits from the ground, and his body and dress assumed the appearance of gold. At Gadăra he drew from two fountains the guardian spirits, and showed them to his disciples.--Eunapius, _Jamblichus_ (fourth century).

MAHOMET, “the prophet.” (1) When he ascended to heaven on Al Borak, the stone on which he stepped to mount rose in the air as the prophet rose, but Mahomet forbade it to follow any further, and it remained suspended in mid-air. (2) He took a scroll of the _Korân_ out of a bull’s horn. (3) He brought the moon from heaven, made it pass through one sleeve and out of the other, and then allowed it to return to its place in heaven.

PASCAL (_Blaise_) was a miracle-worker (1623-1662).

PLOTI´NUS, the Neo-platonic philosopher (205-270).--Porphyrius, _Vita Plotini_ (A.D. 301).

PROCLUS, a Neo-platonic philosopher (410-485).--Marinus, _Vita Procli_ (fifth century).

SOSPITRA possessed the power of seeing all that was done in every part of the whole world.--Eunapius, _Œdeseus_ (fourth century).

VESPASIAN, the Roman emperor, cured a blind man and a cripple by his touch during his stay at Alexandria.

VINCENT DE PAUL, founder of the “Sisters of Charity” (1576-1660).

=Thaumaturgus Physicus,= a treatise on natural magic, by Gaspar Schott (1657-9).

=Thaumaturgus of the West,= St. Bernard of Clairvaux (1091-1153).

=Theag´enes and Chariclei´a= (_The Loves of_), a love story, in Greek, by Heliodorus, bishop of Trikka (fourth century). A charming fiction, largely borrowed from by subsequent novelists, and especially by Mdlle. de Scudéri, Tasso, Guarini and D’Urfé. The tale is this: Some Egyptian brigands met one morning on a hill near the mouth of the Nile, and saw a vessel, laden with stores, lying at anchor. They also observed that the banks of the Nile were strewn with dead bodies and the fragments of food. On further examination they beheld Charicleia sitting on a rock, tending Theagĕnês, who lay beside her severely wounded. Some pirates had done it, and to them the vessel belonged. We are then carried to the house of Nausĭclês, and there Calasīris tells the early history of Charicleia, her love for Theagenês, and their capture by the pirates.

=Thea´na= (_3 syl._) is Anne, countess of Warwick.

No less praiseworthy I Theana read ... She is the well of bounty and brave mind, Excelling most in glory and great light, The ornament is she of womankind, And court’s chief garland with all virtues dight. Spenser, _Colin Clout’s Come Home Again_ (1595).

=Thebaid= (_The_), a Latin epic poem in twelve books, by Statius (about a century after Virgil). Laïos, king of Thebes, was told by an oracle that he would have a son, but that his son would be his murderer. To prevent this, when the son was born he was hung on a tree by his feet, to be devoured by wild beasts. The child, however, was rescued by some of the royal servants, who brought him up, and called his name Œdĭpos or Club-foot, because his feet and ankles were swollen by the thongs. One day, going to Thebes, the chariot of Laïos nearly drove over the young Œdipos; a quarrel ensued, and Laïos was killed. Œdipos, not knowing whom he had slain, went on to Thebes, and ere long married the widowed queen, Jocasta, not knowing that she was his mother, and by her he had two sons and two daughters. The names of the sons were Et´eoclês and Polynīcês. These sons in time dethroned their father, and agreed to reign alternate years. Etĕŏclês reigned first, but at the close of the year refused to resign the crown to his brother, and Polynicês made war upon him. This war, which occurred some forty-two years before the siege of Troy, and about the time that Debŏrah was fighting with Sisĕra (_Judges_ iv.), is the subject of the _Thebaid_.

The first book recapitulates the history given above, and then goes on to say that Polynicês went straight to Argos, and laid his grievance before King Adrastos (bk. i.). While at Argos he married one of the king’s daughters, and Tydeus the other. The festivities being over, Tydeus was sent to Thebes to claim the throne for his brother-in-law, and, being insolently dismissed, denounced war against Eteoclês. The villainous usurper sent fifty ruffians to fall on the ambassador on his way to Argos, but they were all slain, except one, who was left to carry back the news (bk. ii). When Tydeus reached Argos he wanted his father-in-law to march at once against Thebes, but Adrastos, less impetuous, made answer that a great war required time for its organization. How ever, Kapăneus (3 _syl._), siding with Tydeus [_Ti´.duce_], roused the mob (bk. iii.), and Adrastos at once set about preparations for war. He placed his army under six chieftains, viz., Polynicês, Tydeus, Amphiarāos, Kapaneus, Parthenopæos and Hippomĕdon, he himself acting as commander-in-chief (bk. iv.). Bks. v., vi. describe the march from Argos to Thebes. On the arrival of the allied army before Thebes, Jocasta tried to reconcile her two sons, but, not succeeding in this, hostilities commenced, and one of the chiefs, named Amphiaraos, was swallowed up by an earthquake (bk. vii.). Next day Tydeus greatly distinguished himself, but fell (bk. viii.). Hippomedon and Parthenopæos were both slain the day following (bk. ix.). Then came the turn of Kapaneus, bold as a tiger, strong as a giant, and a regular dare-devil in war. He actually scaled the wall, he thought himself sure of victory, he defied even Jove to stop him, and was instantly killed by a flash of lightning (bk. x.). Polynicês was now the only one of the six remaining, and he sent to Eteoclês to meet him in single combat. The two brothers met, they fought like lions, they gave no quarter, they took no rest. At length Eteoclês fell, and Polynicês, running up to strip him of his arms, was thrust through the bowels, and fell dead on the dead body of his brother. Adrastos now decamped, and returned to Argos (bk. xi.). Creon, having usurped the Theban crown, forbade any one, on pain of death, to bury the dead; but when Theseus, king of Athens, heard of this profanity, he marched at once to Thebes, Creon died, and the crown was given to Theseus (bk. xii.).

=Theban Bard= (_The_), THEBAN EAGLE or THEBAN LYRE, Pindar, born at Thebes (B.C. 522-442).

Ye that in fancied vision can admire The sword of Brutus and the Theban lyre. Campbell, _Pleasures of Hope_, i. (1799).

=Thecla= (_St._) said to be of noble family, in Ico´nium, and to have been converted by the Apostle Paul. She is styled in Greek martyrologies the _protomartyress_, but the book called _The Acts of Paul and Thecla_ is considered to be apocryphal.

On the selfsame shelf With the writings of St. Thecla herself. Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_ (1851).

=Thekla=, daughter of Wallenstein.--Schiller, _Wallenstein_ (1799).

=Thélème= (_Abbey of_) the abbey given by Grangousier to Friar John for the aid he rendered in the battle against Picrochole, king of Lerné. The abbey was stored with everything that could contribute to sensual indulgence and enjoyment. It was the very reverse of a convent or monastery. No religious hypocrites, no pettifogging attorneys, no usurers were admitted within it, but it was filled with gallant ladies and gentlemen, faithful expounders of the Scriptures, and every one who could contribute to its elegant recreations and general festivity. The motto over the door was: “FAY CE QUE VOULDRAS.”--Rabelais, _Gargantua_, i. 52-7 (1533).

_Thélème_, the Will personified. Voltaire, _Thélème and Macare_.

=The´lu=, the female or woman.

And divers colored trees and fresh array [_hair_] Much grace the town [_head_], but most the Thelu gay; But all in winter [_old age_] turn to snow and soon decay. Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, v. (1633).

=Thenot=, an old shepherd bent with age, who tells Cuddy, the herdsman’s boy, the fable of the oak and the briar. An aged oak, once a most royal tree, was wasted by age of its foliage, and stood with bare head and sear branches. A pert bramble grew hard by, and snubbed the oak, calling it a cumberer of the ground. It even complained to the lord of the field, and prayed him to cut it down. The request was obeyed, and the oak was felled; but now the bramble suffered from the storm and cold, for it had no shelter, and the snow bent it to the ground, where it was draggled and defiled. The application is very personal. Cuddy is the pert, flippant bramble, and Thenot the hoary oak; but Cuddy told the old man his tale was long and trashy, and bad him hie home, for the sun was set.--Spenser, _Shepheardes Calendar_, ii. (1579).

(Thenot is introduced also in ecl. iv., and again in ecl. xi., where he begs Colin to sing something, but Colin declines because his mind is sorrowing for the death of the shepherdess Dido.)

_Thenot_, a shepherd who loved Clorin chiefly for her “fidelity” to her deceased lover. When the “faithful shepherdess” knew this, in order to cure him of his passion, she pretended to return his love. Thenot was so shocked to see his charm broken that he lost even his respect for Clorin, and forsook her.--John Fletcher, _The Faithful Shepherdess_ (1610).

=Theocritus,= of Syracuse, in Sicily (fl. B.C. 280), celebrated for his idylls in Doric Greek. Meli is the person referred to below.

Behold once more, The pitying gods to earth restore Theocritus of Syracuse. Longfellow, The _Wayside Inn_ (prelude 1863).

_Theocritus_ (_The Scotch_), Allan Ramsay, author of _The Gentle Shepherd_ (1685-1758).

_Theocritus_ (_The Sicilian_), Giovanni Meli, of Palermo, immortalized by his eclogues and idylls (1740-1815).

=Theod´ofred=, heir to the Spanish throne, but incapacitated from reigning, because he had been blinded by Witiza. Theodofred was the son of Chindasuintho, and father of King Roderick. As Witiza, the usurper, had blinded Theodofred, so Roderick dethroned and blinded Witiza.--Southey, _Roderick, etc._ (1814).

⁂ In mediæval times no one with any personal defect was allowed to reign and one of the most ordinary means of disqualifying a prince for succeeding to a throne was to put out his eyes. Of course, the reader will call to mind the case of Prince Arthur, the nephew of King John; and scores of other instances in Italian, French, Spanish, German, Russian, and Scandinavian history.

=Theod´omas=, a famous trumpeter at the siege of Thebes.

At every court ther cam loud menstralcye That never trompêd Joab for to heere, Ne he Theodomas yit half so cleere At Thebês, when the citê was in doute. Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_, 9592, etc. (1338).

=Theodo´ra=, sister of Constantine, the Greek emperor. She entertained most bitter hatred against Rogēro for slaying her son, and vowed vengeance. Rogero, being entrapped in sleep, was confined by her in a dungeon, and fed on the bread and water of affliction, but was ultimately released by Prince Leon.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).

=The´odore= (3 _syl._), son of General Archas, “the loyal subject” of the great-duke of Muscovia. A colonel, valorous, but impatient.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Loyal Subject_ (1618).

_Theodore_ (3 _syl._), of Ravenna, brave, rich, honored, and chivalrous. He loved Honōria “to madness,” but “found small favor in the lady’s eyes.” At length, however, the lady relented and married him. (See HONORIA.)--Dryden, _Theodore and Honoria_ (from Boccaccio).

_Theodore_, son of the lord of Clarinsal, and grandson of Alphonso. His father thought him dead, renounced the world, and became a monk of St. Nicholas, assuming the name of Austin. By chance Theodore was sent home in a Spanish bark, and found his way into some secret passage of the count’s castle, where he was seized and taken before the count. Here he met the monk, Austin, and was made known to him. He informed his father of his love for Adelaide, the count’s daughter, and was then told that if he married her, he must renounce his estates and title. The case stood thus: If he claimed his estates, he must challenge the count to mortal combat, and renounce the daughter; but if he married Adelaide, he must forego his rights, for he could not marry the daughter and slay his father-in-law. The perplexity is solved by the death of Adelaide, killed by her father by mistake, and the death of the count by his own hand.--Robert Jephson, _Count of Narbonne_ (1782).

_Theod´orick_, king of the Goths, called by the German minnesingers, Diderick of Bern (Verōna).

_Theodorick_, or “Alberick of Mortemar,” an exiled nobleman, hermit of Engaddi, and an enthusiast.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).

=Theodorus= (_Master_), a learned physician, employed by Ponocratês to cure Gargantua of his vicious habits. The doctor accordingly “purged him canonically with Anticyrian hellebore, cleansed from his brain all perverse habits, and made him forget everything he had learned of his other preceptors.”--Rabelais, _Gargantua_, i. 23.

Hellebore was made use of to purge the brain, in order to fit it the better for serious study.--Pliny, _Natural History_, xxv. 25; Aulus Gellius, _Attic Nights_, xvii. 15.

=Theodo´sius=, the hermit of Cappadocia. He wrote the four gospels in letters of gold (423-529).

Theodosius, who of old. Wrote the gospels in letters of gold. Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_ (1851).

=Theophilus= (_St._), of Adana, in Cilicia (sixth century). He was driven by slander to sell his soul to the devil, on condition that his character was cleared. The slander was removed, and no tongue wagged against the thin-skinned saint. Theophilus now repented of his bargain, and after a fast of forty days and forty nights, was visited by the Virgin, who bade him confess to the bishop. This he did, received absolution, and died within three days of brain fever.--Jacques de Voragine, _The Golden Legends_ (thirteenth century).

This is a very stale trick, told of many a saint. Southey has poetized one of them in his ballad of _St. Basil_, or _The Sinner Saved_ (1829). Elĕēmon sold his soul to the devil on condition of his procuring him Cyra for wife. The devil performed his part of the bargain, but Eleemon called off, and St. Basil gave him absolution. (See SINNER SAVED.)

=Theophras´tus of France= (_The_), Jean de la Bruyère, author of _Caractères_ (1646-1696).

=Theresa=, the miller’s wife, who adopted and brought up Amīna, the orphan, called “the somnambulist.”--Bellini, _La Sonnambula_ (libretto by Scribe, 1831).

_Therēsa_, wife of the count palatine of Padōlia, beloved by Mazeppa. Her father, indignant that a mere page should presume to his daughter’s hand, had Mazeppa bound to a wild horse, and set adrift. The future history of Theresa is not related.--Byron, _Mazeppa_ (1819).

Medora [_wife of the Corsair_], Neuha [in _The Island_], Leila [in _The Giaour_], Francesca [in _The Siege of Corinth_], and Theresa, it has been alleged, are but children of one family, with differences resulting only from climate and circumstances.--Finden, _Byron Beauties_.

_Theresa_ (_Sister_), with Flora M’Ivor at Carlisle.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Theringe= (_Mde. de_), the mother of Louise de Lascours, and grandmother of Diana de Lascours and Martha, _alias_ Orgari´ta, “the orphan of the Frozen Sea.”--E. Stirling, _The Orphan of the Frozen Sea_ (1856).

=Thermopylæ.= When Xerxes invaded Greece, Leonĭdas was sent with 300 Spartans, as a forlorn hope, to defend the pass leading from Thessaly into Locris, by which it was thought the Persian host would penetrate into Southern Greece. The Persians, however, having discovered a path over the mountains, fell on Leonidas in the rear, and the “brave defenders of the hot-gates” were cut to pieces.

=Theron=, the favorite dog of Roderick, the last Gothic king of Spain. When the discrowned king, dressed as a monk, assumed the name of “Father Maccabee,” although his tutor, mother, and even Florinda failed to recognize him, Theron knew him at once, fawned on him with fondest love, and would never again leave him till the faithful creature died. When Roderick saw his favorite,

He threw his arms around the dog, and cried, While tears streamed down, “Thou, Theron, thou hast known Thy poor lost master; Theron, none but thou!” Southey, _Roderick, etc._, xv. (1814).

=Thersi´tes= (3 _syl._), a scurrilous Grecian chief, “loquacious, loud, and coarse.” His chief delight was to inveigh against the kings of Greece. He squinted, halted, was gibbous behind and pinched before, and on his tapering head grew a few white patches of starveling down (_Iliad_, ii.).

His brag, as Thersītês, with elbows abroad. T. Tusser, _Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry_, liv. (1557).

=The´seus= (2 _syl._), the Attic hero. He induced the several towns of Attica to give up their separate governments and submit to a common jurisdiction, whereby the several petty chiefdoms were consolidated into one state, of which Athens was the capital.

⁂ Similarly, the several kingdoms of the Saxon heptarchy were consolidated into one kingdom by Egbert; but in this latter case, the might of arms, and not the power of conviction, was the instrument employed.

_Theseus_ (_Duke_) of Athens. On his return home, after marrying Hypolĭta, a crowd of female suppliants complained to him of Creon, king of Thebes. The duke therefore set out for Thebes, slew Creon, and took the city by assault. Among the captives taken in this siege were two knights, named Palămon and Arcite, who saw the duke’s sister from their dungeon window, and fell in love with her. When set at liberty, they told their loves to the duke, and Theseus (2 _syl._) promised to give the lady to the best man in a single combat. Arcite overthrew Palamon, but as he was about to claim the lady his horse threw him, and he died; so Palamon lost the contest, but won the bride.--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ (“The Knight’s Tale,” 1388).

⁂ In classic story, Theseus is called “king;” but Chaucer styles him “duke,” that is, dux, “leader or emperor” (_imperātor_).

=Thespian Maids= (_The_), the nine Muses. So called from Thespia, in Bœotia, near Mount Helĭcon, often called _Thespia Rupes_.

Those modest Thespian maids thus to their Isis sung. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xv. (1613).

=Thespi´o=, a Muse. The Muses were called Thespi´adês, from Thespīa, in Bœo´tia, at the foot of mount Helĭcon.

Tell me, oh, tell me then, thou holy Muse, Sacred Thespīo. Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, vii. (1633).

=Thespis=, the father of the Greek drama.

Thespis, the first professor of our art, At country wakes sang ballads from a cart. Dryden, Prologue to _Sophonisba_ (1729).

=Thes´tylis=, a female slave; any rustic maiden.--Theocritos, _Idylls_.

With Thestylis to bind the sheaves. Milton, _L’Allegro_ (1638).

=Thet´is=, mother of Achillês. She was a sea-nymph, daughter of Nereus, the sea-god.--_Grecian Story._

=Theuerdank=, a sobriquet of Kaiser Maximilian I. of Germany (1459, 1493-1519).

=Thiebalt=, a Provençal, one of Arthur’s escorts to Aix.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Thieves= (_The Two_). The penitent thief crucified with Jesus, has been called by sundry names, as Demas, Dismas, Titus, Matha, and Vicimus.

The impenitent thief, has been called Gestas, Dumachas, Joca, and Justīnus.

In the Aprocryphal _Gospel of Nicodemus_, the former is called Dysmas and the latter Gestas. In the _Story of Joseph of Arimathea_, the former is called Demas and the latter Gestas. Longfellow’s _Golden Legend_, calls them Titus and Dumachus. A legend says that they attacked Joseph in his flight into Egypt. Titus said, “Let the good people go;” but Dumachus refused to do so till he “paid a ransom for himself and family.” Upon this, Titus gave his fellow forty groats; and the infant Jesus said, “In thirty years I shall die, and you two with Me. We shall be crucified together; but in that day, Titus, this deed shall be remembered.”

_Thieves_ (_His ancestors proved_). It is Sir Walter Scott who wrote and proved his “ancestors were thieves,” in the _Lay of the Last Minstrel_, iv. 9.

A modern author spends a hundred leaves To prove his ancestors notorious thieves. _The Town Ecolgue._

=Thieves Screened.= It is said of Edward the Confessor, that one day, while lying on his bed for his afternoon’s nap, a courtier stole into his chamber and seeing the king’s casket, helped himself freely from it. He returned a second time, and on his third entrance, Edward said, “Be quick, or Hugoline (the chamberlain) will see you.” The courtier was scarcely gone, when the chamberlain entered and instantly detected the theft. The king said, “Never mind, Hugoline; the fellow who has taken it no doubt has greater need of it than either you or I.” (Reigned 1042-1066).

Several similar anecdotes are told of Robert the Pious, of France. One time he saw a man steal a silver candle-stick off the altar, and said, “Friend Ogger, run for your life, or you will be found out.” At another time, one of the twelve poor men in his train cut off a rich gold pendant from the royal robe, and Robert, turning to the man, said to him, “Hide it quickly, friend, before any one sees it.” (Reigned 996-1031.)

The following is told of two or three kings, amongst others of Ludwig the Pious, who had a very overbearing wife. A beggar under the table, picking up the crumbs which the king let down, cut off the gold fringe of the royal robe, and the king whispered to him, “Take care the queen doesn’t see you.”

=Thieves of Historic Note.=

AUTOL´YCOS, son of Hermês; a very prince of thieves. He had the power of changing the color and shape of stolen goods so as to prevent their being recognized.--_Greek Fable._

BARLOW (_Jimmy_), immortalized by the ballad-song:

My name it is Jimmy Barlow; I was born in the town of Carlow; And here I lie in Maryboro’ jail, All for the robbing of the Dublin mail.

CARTOUCHE, the Dick Turpin of France (eighteenth century).

COTTINGTON (_John_), in the time of the Commonwealth, who emptied the pockets of Oliver Cromwell, when lord protector, stripped Charles II. of £1500, and stole a watch and chain from Lady Fairfax.

DUVAL (_Claude_), a French highwayman, noted for his gallantry and daring (*-1670). (See “James Whitney,” who was a very similar character.)

⁂ Alexander Dumas has a novel entitled _Claude Duval_, and Miss Robinson introduces him in _White Friars_.

FRITH (_Mary_), usually called “Moll Cutpurse.” She had the honor of robbing General Fairfax, on Hounslow Heath. Mary Frith lived in the reign of Charles I., and died at the age of 75 years.

⁂ Nathaniel Field has introduced Mary Frith, and made merry with some of her pranks, in his comedy, _Amends for Ladies_ (1618).

GALLOPING DICK, executed in Aylesbury, in 1800.

GRANT (_Captain_), the Irish highwayman, executed at Maryborough in 1816.

GREENWOOD (_Samuel_), executed at Old Bailey in 1822.

HASSAN, the “Old Man of the Mountain,” once the terror of Europe. He was chief of the Assassins (1056-1124).

HOOD (_Robin_) and his “merry men all,” of Sherwood Forest. Famed in song, drama and romance. Probably he lived in the reign of Richard Cœur de Lion.

⁂ Sir W. Scott has introduced him both in _The Talisman_ and in _Ivanhoe_. Stow has recorded the chief incidents of his life (see under the year 1213). Ritson has compiled a volume of ballads respecting him. Drayton has given a sketch of him in the _Polyolbion_, xxvi. The following are dramas on the same outlaw, viz.:--_The Playe of Robyn Hode, very proper to be played in Maye games_ (fifteenth century); Skelton, at the command of Henry VIII., wrote a drama called _The Downfall of Robert, Earl of Huntington_ (about 1520); _The Downfall of Robert, Earl of Huntington_, by Munday (1597); _The Death of Robert, Earle of Huntington, otherwise called Robin Hood of Merrie Sherwodde_, by H. Chettle (1598). Chettle’s drama is in reality a continuation of Munday’s, like the two parts of Shakespeare’s plays, _Henry IV._ and _Henry V._ _Robin Hood’s Penn´orths_, a play by William Haughton (1600); _Robin Hood and His Pastoral May Games_ (1624), _Robin Hood and His Crew of Soldiers_ (1627), both anonymous; _The Sad Shepherd, or a Tale of Robin Hood_ (unfinished), B. Jonson (1637); _Robin Hood_, an opera (1730); _Robin Hood_, an opera by Dr. Arne and Burney (1741); _Robin Hood_, a musical farce (1751); _Robin Hood_, a comic opera (1784); Robin Hood, an opera by O’Keefe, music by Shield (1787); _Robin Hood_, by Macnally (before 1820). Sheridan began a drama on the same subject, which he called _The Foresters_; _The Foresters_, Tennyson (1892).

PERIPHE´TES (4 _syl._) of Argŏlis, surnamed “The Club-Bearer,” because he used to kill his victims with an iron club.--_Grecian Story._

PROCRUSTES (3 _syl._), a famous robber of Attica. His real name was Polypēmon or Damastês, but he received the sobriquet of _Procrustês_, or “The Stretcher,” from his practice of placing all victims that fell into his hands on a certain bedstead. If the victim was too short to fit it he stretched the limbs to the right length; if too long he lopped off the redundant part.--_Grecian Story._

REA (_William_), executed at Old Bailey in 1828.

SHEPPARD (_Jack_), an ardent, reckless, generous youth, wholly unrivalled as a thief and burglar. His father was a carpenter in Spitalfields. Sentence of death was passed on him in August, 1724; but when the warders came to take him to execution, they found he had escaped. He was apprehended in the following October, and again made his escape. A third time he was caught, and in November suffered death. Certainly the most popular burglar that ever lived (1701-1724).

⁂ Daniel Defoe made _Jack Sheppard_ the hero of a romance in 1724, and H. Ainsworth in 1839.

SINIS, a Corinthian highwayman, surnamed “The Pine-Bender,” from his custom of attaching the limbs of his victims to two opposite pines forcibly bent down. Immediately the trees were released they bounded back, tearing the victim limb from limb.--_Grecian Story._

TER´MEROS, a robber of Peloponnesos, who killed his victims by cracking their skulls against his own.

TURPIN (_Dick_), a noted highwayman (1711-1739). His ride to York is described by H. Ainsworth in his _Rookwood_ (1834).

WHITNEY (_James_), the last of the “gentlemanly” highwaymen. He prided himself on being “the glass of fashion and the mould of form.” Executed at Porter’s Block, near Smithfield (1660-1694).

WILD (_Jonathan_), a cool, calculating, heartless villain, with the voice of a Stentor. He was born at Wolverhampton, in Staffordshire, and, like Sheppard, was the son of a carpenter. Unlike Sheppard, this cold-blooded villain was universally execrated. He was hanged at Tyburn (1682-1725).

⁂ Defoe made _Jonathan Wild_ the hero of a romance in 1725; Fielding in 1744.

=Thirlmore= (_Rev. and Col._), ambitious, able man, first a popular, sensational preacher, then, as the bubble breaks, a farmer and stock-raiser, lastly an officer in the U. S. Army, during the Civil War. In the varied experiences of the latter career, the selfishness which has marred his character sloughs off, and the _man_ appears.--William M. Baker, _His Majesty, Myself_ (1879) and _The Making of a Man_ (1881).

=Third Founder of Rome= (_The_), Caius Marius. He was so called, because he overthrew the multitudinous hordes of Cambrians and Teutons, who came to lick up the Romans as the oxen of the field lick up grass (B.C. 102).

⁂ The first founder was Romulus, and the second Camillus.

=Thirsil and Thelgon=, two gentle swains who were kinsmen. Thelgon exhorts Thirsil to wake his “too long sleeping Muse;” and Thirsil, having collected the nymphs and shepherds around him, sang to them the song of _The Purple Island_.--Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, i., ii. (1633).

=Thirsty= (_The_), Colman Itadach, surnamed “The Thirsty,” was a monk of the rule of St. Patrick. Itadach, in strict observance of the Patrician rule, refused to quench his thirst even in the harvest-field, and died in consequence.

=Thirteen Precious Things of Britain.=

1. DYRNWYN (the sword of Rhydderch Hael). If any man except Hael drew this blade, it burst into a flame from point to hilt.

2. THE BASKET OF GWYDDNO GARANHIR. If food for one man were put therein, it multiplied till it sufficed for a hundred.

3. THE HORN OF BRAN GALED, in which was always found the very beverage that each drinker most desired.

4. THE PLATTER OF RHEGYNYDD YSGOLHAIG, which always contained the very food that the eater most liked.

5. THE CHARIOT OF MORGAN MWYNVAWR. Whoever sat therein was transported instantaneously to the place he wished to go to.

9. THE HALTER OF CLYDNO EIDDYN. Whatever horse he wished for was always found therein. It hung on a staple at the foot of his bed.

7. THE KNIFE OF LLAWFRODDED FARCHAWG, which would serve twenty-four men simultaneously at any meal.

8. THE CALDRON OF TYRNOG. If meat were put in for a brave man, it was cooked instantaneously, but meat for a coward would never get boiled therein.

9. THE WHETSTONE OF TUDWAL TUDCLUD. If the sword of a brave man were sharpened thereon, its cut was certain death; but if of a coward, the cut was harmless.

10. THE ROBE OF PADARN BEISRUDD, which fitted every one of gentle birth, but no churl could wear it.

11. THE MANTLE OF TEGAU EURVRON, which only fitted ladies whose conduct was irreproachable.

12. THE MANTLE OF KING ARTHUR, which could be worn or used as a carpet, and whoever wore it or stood on it was invisible. This mantle or carpet was called Gwenn.

⁂ The ring of Luned rendered the wearer invisible so long as the stone of it was concealed.

13. THE CHESSBOARD OF GWENDDOLEN. When the men were placed upon it, they played of themselves. The board was of gold, and the men silver.--_Welsh Romance._

=Thirteen Unlucky.= It is said that it is unlucky for thirteen persons to sit down to dinner at the same table, because one of the number will die before the year is out. This silly superstition is based on the “Last Supper,” when Christ and His twelve disciples sat at meat together. Jesus was crucified; and Judas Iscariot hanged himself.

=Thirty= (_The_). So the Spartan senate established by Lycurgos was called.

Similarly, the Venetian senate was called “The Forty.”

=Thirty Tyrants= (_The_). So the governors, appointed by Lysander, the Spartan, over Athens, were called (B.C. 404). They continued in power only eight months, when Thrasybūlos deposed them and restored the republic.

“The Thirty” put more people to death in eight months of peace, than the enemy had done in a war of thirty years.--Xenophon.

=Thirty Tyrants of Rome= (_The_), a fanciful name, applied by Trebellius Pollio, to a set of adventurers who tried to make themselves masters of Rome at sundry times between A.D. 260 and 267.

The number was not thirty, and the analogy between them and “The Thirty Tyrants of Athens” is scarcely perceptible.

=Thirty Years’ War= (_The_), a series of wars between the Protestants and Catholics of Germany, terminated by the “Peace of Westphalia.” The war arose thus: The emperor of Austria interfered in the struggle between the Protestants and Catholics, by depriving the Protestants of Bohemia of their religious privileges; in consequence of which the Protestants flew to arms. After the contest had been going on for some years, Richelieu joined the Protestants (1635), not from any love of their cause, but solely to humiliate Austria and Spain (1618-1648).

The Peloponnesian war between Athens and Sparta is called “The Thirty Years’ War”.

=Thisbe= (2 _syl._), a beautiful Babylonian maid, beloved by Pyrămus, her next-door neighbor. As their parents forbade their marriage, they contrived to hold intercourse with each other through a chink in the garden wall. Once they agreed to meet at the tomb of Ninus. Thisbê was first at the trysting-place, but, being scared by a lion, took to flight, and accidentally dropped her robe, which the lion tore and stained with blood. Pyramus, seeing the blood-stained robe, thought that the lion had eaten Thisbê, and so killed himself. When Thisbê returned and saw her lover dead, she killed herself also. Shakespeare has burlesqued this pretty tale in his _Midsummer Night’s Dream_ (1592).

=Thom´alin=, a shepherd who laughed to scorn the notion of love, but was ultimately entangled in its wiles. He tells Willy that one day, hearing a rustling in a bush, he discharged an arrow, when up flew Cupid into a tree. A battle ensued between them, and when the shepherd, having spent all his arrows, ran away, Cupid shot him in the heel. Thomalin did not much heed the wound at first, but soon it festered inwardly and rankled daily more and more.--Spenser, _Shepheardes Calendar_, iii. (1579).

Thomalin is again introduced in Ecl. vii., when he inveighs against the Catholic priests in general, and the shepherd Palinode (3 _syl._) in particular. This eclogue could not have been written before 1578, as it refers to the sequestration of Grindal, archbishop of Canterbury in that year.

=Thomas= (_Monsieur_), the fellow-traveller of Val´entine. Valentine’s niece, Mary, is in love with him.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Mons. Thomas_ (1619).

_Thomas_ (_Sir_), a dogmatical, prating, self-sufficient squire, whose judgments are but “justices’ justice.”--Crabbe, _Borough_, x. (1810).

=Thomas à Kempis=, the pseudonym of Jean Charlier de Gerson (1363-1429). Some say, of Thomas Hämmerlein Maleŏlus (1380-1471).

=Thomas the Rhymer= or “Thomas of Erceldoun,” an ancient Scottish bard. His name was Thomas Learmont, and he lived in the days of Wallace (thirteenth century).

⁂ Thomas the Rhymer, and Thomas Rymer were totally different persons. The latter was an historiographer, who compiled _The Fœdera_ (1638-1713).

=Thomas= (_Winifred_), beautiful coquette, who wins Henry Vane’s heart only to trifle with it, in Frederic Jesup Stimson’s novel, _The Crime of Henry Vane_ (1884).

=Thopas= (_Sir_), a native of Poperyng, in Flanders; a capital sportsman, archer, wrestler, and runner. Sir Thopas resolved to marry no one but an “elf queen,” and accordingly started for Faëryland. On his way he met the three-headed giant, Olifaunt, who challenged him to single combat. Sir Thopas asked permission to go for his armor, and promised to meet the giant next day. Here mine host broke in with the exclamation, “Intolerable stuff!” and the story was left unfinished.--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ (“The Rime of Sir Thopas,” 1388).

=Thor=, eldest son of Odin and Frigga; strongest and bravest of the gods. He launched the thunder, presided over the air and the seasons, and protected man from lightning and evil spirits.

His wife was Sif (“love”).

His chariot was drawn by two he-goats.

His mace or hammer was called Mjolner.

His belt was Megingjard. Whenever he put it on his strength was doubled.

His palace was Thrudvangr. It contained 540 halls.

Thursday is Thor’s day.--_Scandinavian Mythology._

The word means “Refuge from terror.”

=Thoresby= (_Broad_), one of the troopers under Fitzurse.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).

=Thorn´berry= (_Job_), a brazier in Penzance. He was a blunt but kind man, strictly honest, most charitable, and doting on his daughter, Mary. Job Thornberry is called “John Bull,” and is meant to be a type of a genuine English tradesman, unsophisticated by cant and foreign manners. He failed in business “through the treachery of a friend;” but Peregrine, to whom he had lent ten guineas, returning from Calcutta after the absence of thirty years, gave him £10,000, which he said his loan had grown to by honest trade.

_Mary Thornberry_, his daughter, in love with Frank Rochdale, son and heir of Sir Simon Rochdale, whom ultimately she married.--G. Colman, Jr., _John Bull_ (1805).

=Thorne= (_Esmerald_), physician who is killed instantly by a runaway horse, and, without suspecting that his spirit has left his body, seeks first one friend, then another, remaining viewless to all. Condemned to work his way from a lower to a higher plane, he rebels against the natural law of sowing and reaping, until led by the spirit of his own little child to repentance and sanctification.

_Thorne_ (_Helen_), patient wife and sorrowing widow of Esmerald.--Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward, _The Gates Between_ (1887).

=Thornhaugh= (_Colonel_), an officer in Cromwell’s army.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).

=Thornhill= (_Sir William_), _alias_ Mr. Burchell, about 30 years of age. Most generous and most whimsical, most benevolent and most sensitive. Sir William was the landlord of Dr. Primrose, the vicar of Wakefield. After travelling through Europe on foot, he had returned and lived _incognito_. In the garb and aspect of a pauper, Mr. Burchell is introduced to the vicar of Wakefield. Twice he rescued his daughter, Sophia--once when she was thrown from her horse into a deep stream, and once when she was abducted by Squire Thornhill. Ultimately he married her.--Goldsmith, _The Vicar of Wakefield_ (1766).

_Thornhill_ (_Squire_), nephew of Sir William Thornhill. He enjoyed a large fortune, but was entirely dependent on his uncle. He was a sad libertine, who abducted both the daughters of Dr. Primrose, and cast the old vicar into jail for rent after the entire loss of his house, money, furniture, and books by fire. Squire Thornhill tried to impose upon Olivia Primrose by a false marriage, but was caught in his own trap, for the marriage proved to be legal in every respect.--Goldsmith, _The Vicar of Wakefield_ (1766).

This worthy citizen abused the aristocracy much on the same principle as the fair Olivia depreciated Squire Thornhill:--he had a sneaking affection for what he abused.--Lord Lytton.

=Thornton= (_Captain_), an English officer.--Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time George I.).

_Thornton_ (_Cyril_), the hero and title of a novel of military adventure, by Captain Thomas Hamilton (1827).

=Thorough Doctor= (_The_). William Varro was called _Doctor Fundātus_ (thirteenth century).

=Thoughtful= (_Father_), Nicholas Cat´inet, a marshal of France. So called by his soldiers for his cautious and thoughtful policy (1637-1712).

=Thoughtless= (_Miss Betty_), a virtuous, sensible, and amiable young lady, utterly regardless of the conventionalities of society, and wholly ignorant of etiquette. She is consequently forever involved in petty scrapes most mortifying to her sensitive mind. Even her lover is alarmed at her _gaucherie_, and deliberates whether such a partner for life is desirable.--Mrs. Heywood, _Miss Betty Thoughtless_ (1687-1758).

(Mrs. Heywood’s novel evidently suggested the _Evelina_ of Miss Burney, 1778.)

=Thoulouse= (_Raymond, count of_), one of the crusading princes.--Sir W. Scott _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).

=Thrame= (_Janet_), fiend-possessed serving maid, who, when she went abroad led by her possessor and master, left her body hung upon a nail in her room.--R. L. Stevenson, _Thrame Janet_.

=Thraso=, a bragging, swaggering captain, the Roman Bobadil (_q.v._).--Terence, _The Eunuch_.

_Thraso_, duke of Mar, one of the allies of Charlemagne.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).

=Three a Divine Number.= Pythagoras calls three the perfect number, expressive of “beginning, middle, and end,” and he makes it a symbol of deity.

AMERICAN INDIANS: Otkon (_creator_), Messou (_providence_) Atahuata (_the Logos_).

(Called _Otkon_ by the Iroquois, and _Otkee_ by the Virginians).

ARMORICA. The korrigans or fays of Armorica are three times three.

BRAHMINS: Brahma, Vishnu, Siva.

BUDDHISTS: Buddha, Annan Sonsja, Rosia Sonsja.

(These are the three idols seen in Buddhist temples; Buddha stands in the middle.)

CHRISTIANS: The Father, the Son (_the Logos_), the Holy Ghost.

When, in creation, the earth was without form and void, “the Spirit moved over the face,” and put it into order.

EGYPTIANS (_Ancient_). Almost every district had its own triad, but the most general were Osiris, Isis, Horus; Eicton, Cneph (_creator_), Phtha.

ETRUSCANS. Their college consisted of three times three gods.

Lars Porsĕna of Clusium, By the nine gods he swore That the great house of Tarquin Should suffer wrong no more. Lord Macaulay, _Lays of Ancient Rome_ (“Horatius,” 1842).

KAMTSCHADALES: Koutkhou (_creator of heaven_), Kouhttigith, his sister (_creator of earth_), Outleigin (_creator of ocean_).

PARSEES: Ahura (_the creator_), Vohu Mano (“entity”), Akem Mano (“nonentity”).

PERSIANS: Oromasdês or Oromāzês (_the good principle_), Arimanês (_the evil principle_), Mithras (_fecundity_).

Others give Zervanê (_god the father_), and omit Mithras from the trinity.

PERUVIANS (_Ancient_): Pachama (_goddess mother_), Virakotcha (= _Jupiter_), Mamakotcha (=_Neptune_). They called their Trinity “Tangatanga” (_i.e._, “three in one”).

PHŒNICIANS: Kolpia (_the Logos_), Baaut (“darkness”), Mot (“matter”).

ROMANS (_Ancient_): Jupiter (_god of heaven_), Neptune (_god of earth and sea_), Pluto (_god of Hades, the under-world_).

(Their whole college of gods consisted of four times three deities.)

SCANDINAVIANS: Odin (“life”), Hænir (“motion”), Loda (“matter”).

TAHITIANS: Taroataihetoomoo (_chief deity_), Tepapa (_the fecund principle_), Tettoomatataya (_their offspring_).

Lao-Tseu, the Chinese philosopher, says the divine trinity is: Ki, Hi, Ouei.

Orpheus says it is: Phanês (_light_), Urănos (_heaven_), Kronos (_time_).

Plato says it is: Tô Agăthon (_goodness_), Nous (_intelligence_), Psuchê (_the mundane soul_).

Pythagoras says it is: Monad (_the unit_ or _oneness_), Nous, Psuchê.

Vossius says it is: Jupiter (_divine power_), Minerva (_the Logos_), Juno (_divine progenitiveness_).

_Subordinate._ The orders of ANGELS are three times three, viz.: (1) Seraphim, (2) Cherubim, (3) Thrones, (4) Dominions, (5) Virtues, (6) Powers, (7) Principalities, (8) Archangels, (9) Angels.--Dionysius, the Areopăgite.

In heaven above The effulgent bands in triple circles move. Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_, xi. 13 (1575).

The CITIES OF REFUGE were three on each side the Jordan.

The FATES are three: Clotho (with her distaff, presides at birth), Lachĕsis (spins the thread of life), Atrŏpos (cuts the thread).

The FURIES are three: Tisiponê, Alecto, Megæra.

The GRACES are three: Euphros´ynê (_cheerfulness of mind_), Aglaia (_mirth_), Thalīa (_good-tempered jest_).

The JUDGES OF HADES are three: Minos (_the chief baron_), Æacus (_the judge of Europeans_), Rhadamanthus (_the judge of Asiatics and Africans_).

The MUSES are three times three.

Jupiter’s thunder is three-forked (_trifĭdun_); Neptune’s trident has three prongs; Pluto’s dog, Cerbĕrus, has three heads. The rivers of hell are three times three, and Styx flows round it thrice three times.

In Scandinavian mythology there are three times three earths; three times three worlds in Niflheim; three times three regions under the dominion of Hel.

According to a mediæval tradition, the heavens are three times three., viz., the Moon, Venus, Mercury, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, the fixed stars and the primum mobĭlê.

SYMBOLIC. (1) In the tabernacle and Jewish Temple.

The _Temple_ consisted of three parts: the porch, the Temple proper and the holy of holies. It had three courts: the court of the priests, the court of the people and the court of foreigners. The innermost court had three rows, and three windows in each row (_1 Kings_ vi. 36; vii. 4).

Similarly, Ezekiel’s city had three gates on each side (_Ezek._ xlviii. 31). Cyrus left direction for the rebuilding of the Temple; it was to be three score cubits in height, and three score cubits wide, and three rows of great stones were to be set up (_Ezra_ vi. 3, 4). In like manner, the “New Jerusalem” is to have four times three foundations: (1) jasper, (2) sapphire, (3) chalcedony, (4) emerald, (5) sardonyx, (6) sardius, (7) chrysolyte, (8) beryl, (9) topaz, (10) chrysoprase, (11) jacinth, (12) amethyst. It is to have three gates fronting each cardinal quarter (_Rev._ xxi. 13-20).

(2) In the _Temple Furniture_: The golden candlestick had three branches on each side (_Exod._ xxv. 32); there were three bowls (ver. 33); the height of the altar was three cubits (_Exod._ xxvii. 1); there were three pillars for the hangings (ver. 14); Solomon’s molten sea was supported on oxen, three facing each cardinal point (_1 Kings_ vii. 25).

(3) _Sacrifices and Offerings_: A meat offering consisted of three-tenth deals of fine flour (_Lev._ xiv. 10); Hannah offered up three bullocks when Samuel was devoted to the temple (_1 Sam._ i. 24); three sorts of beasts--bullocks, rams, and lambs--were appointed for offerings (_Numb._ xxix.); the Jews were commanded to keep three national feasts yearly (_Exod._. xxiii. 14-17); in all criminal charges three witnesses were required (_Deut._ xvii. 6).

MISCELLANEOUS THREES. Joshua sent three men from each tribe to survey the land of Canaan (_Josh._ xvii. 4). Moses had done the same at the express command of God (_Numb._ xiii.). Job had three friends (_Job_ ii. 11). Abraham was accosted by three men (angels), with whom he pleaded to spare the cities of the plain (_Gen._ xviii. 2). Nebuchadnezzar cast three men into the fiery furnace (_Dan._ iii. 24). David had three mighty men of valor, and one of them slew 300 of the Philistines with his spear (_2 Sam._ xxiii. 9, 18). Nebuchadnezzar’s image was three score cubits high (_Dan._ iii. 1). Moses was hidden three months from the Egyptian police (_Exod._ ii. 2). The ark of the covenant was three months in the house of Obededom (_2 Sam._ vi. 11). Balaam smote his ass three times before the beast upbraided him (_Numb._ xxii. 28). Samson mocked Delilah three times (_Judges_ xvi. 15). Elijah stretched himself three times on the child which he restored to life (_1 Kings_ xvii. 21). The little horn plucked up three horns by the roots (_Dan._ vii. 8). The bear seen by Daniel in his vision, had three ribs in its mouth (ver. 5). Joab slew Absalom with three darts (_2 Sam._ xviii. 14). God gave David the choice of three chastisements (_2 Sam._ xxiv. 12). The great famine in David’s reign lasted three years (_2 Sam._ xxi. 1); so did the great drought in Ahab’s reign (_Luke_ iv. 25). There were three men transfigured on the mount, and three spectators (_Matt._ xvii. 1-4). The sheet was let down to Peter three times (_Acts_ x. 16). There are three Christian graces: Faith, hope, and charity (_1 Cor._ xiii. 13). There are three that bear record in heaven, and three that bear witness on earth (_1 John_ v. 7, 8). There were three unclean spirits that came out of the mouth of the dragon (_Rev._ xvi. 13).

So again. Every ninth wave is said to be the largest.

[_They_] watched the great sea fall, Wave after wave, each mightier than the last; Till last, a ninth one, gathering half the deep And full of voices, slowly rose and plunged, Roaring, and all the wave was in a flame. Tennyson, _The Holy Grail_ (1858-59).

A wonder is said to last three times three days. The scourge used for criminals is a “cat o’ nine tails.” Possession is nine points of the law, being equal to (1) money to make good a claim, (2) patience to carry a suit through, (3) a good cause, (4) a good lawyer, (5) a good counsel, (6) good witnesses, (7) a good jury, (8) a good judge, (9) good luck. Leases used to be granted for 999 years. Ordeals by fire consisted of three times three red-hot ploughshares.

There are three times three crowns recognized in heraldry, and three times three marks of cadency.

We show honor by a three times three in drinking a health.

The worthies are three Jews, three pagans, and three Christians: viz., Joshua, David, and Judas Maccabæus; Hector, Alexander, and Julius Cæsar; Arthur, Charlemagne, and Godfrey of Bouillon. The worthies of London are three times three also: (1) Sir William Walworth, (2) Sir Henry Pritchard, (3) Sir William Sevenoke, (4) Sir Thomas White, (5) Sir John Bonham, (6) Christopher Croker, (7) Sir John Hawkwood, (8) Sir Hugh Caverley, (9) Sir Henry Maleverer (Richard Johnson, _The Nine Worthies of London_).

⁂ Those who take any interest in this subject can easily multiply the examples here set down to a much greater number. (See below, the _Welsh Triads_.)

=Three Ardent Lovers of Britain= (_The_): (1) Caswallawn, son of Beli, the ardent lover of Flur, daughter of Mugnach Gorr; (2) Tristan or Tristram, son of Talluch, the ardent lover of Yseult, wife of March Meirchawn, his uncle, generally called King Mark of Cornwall; (3) Kynon, son of Clydno Eiddin, the ardent lover of Morvyth, daughter of Urien of Rheged.--_Welsh Triads._

=Three Battle Knights= (_The_), in the court of King Arthur: (1) Cadwr, earl of Cornwall; (2) Launcelot du Lac; (3) Owain, son of Urien, prince of Rheged, _i.e._, Cumberland and some of the adjacent lands. These three would never retreat from battle, neither for spear, nor sword, nor arrow; and Arthur knew no shame in fight when they were present.--_Welsh Triads_.

=Three Beautiful Women= (_The_), of the court of King Arthur: (1) Gwenhwyvar or Guenever, wife of King Arthur; (2) Enid, who dressed in “azure robes,” wife of Geraint; (3) Tegau or Tegau Euron.--_Welsh Triads._

=Three Blessed Rulers= (_The_) of the island of Britain: (1) Bran or Vran, son of Llyr, and father of Caradawc (_Caractacus_). He was called “The Blessed,” because he introduced Christianity into the nation of the Cymry from Rome; he learnt it during his seven years’ detention in that city with his son. (2) Lleurig ab Coel ab Cyllyn Sant, surnamed “The Great Light.” He built the cathedral of Llandaff, the first sanctuary in Britain. (3) Cadwaladyr, who gave refuge to all believers driven out by the Saxons from England.--_Welsh Triads_, xxxv.

=Three Calenders= (_The_), three sons of three kings, who assumed the disguise of begging dervises. They had each lost one eye. The three met in the house of Zobeidê, and told their respective tales in the presence of Haroun-al-Raschid, also in disguise. (See CALENDERS.)--_Arabian Nights_ (“The Three Calenders”).

=Three Chief Ladies= (_The_) of the island of Britain: (1) Branwen, daughter of King Llyr, “the fairest damsel in the world;” (2) Gwenhwyvar or Guenever, wife of King Arthur; (3) Æthelflæd, the wife of Ethelred.

=Three Closures= (_The_) of the island of Britain: (1) The head of Vran, son of Llyr, surnamed “The Blessed,” which was buried under the White Tower of London, and so long as it remained there, no invader would enter the island. (2) The bones of Vortimer, surnamed “The Blessed,” buried in the chief harbor of the island; so long as they remained there, no hostile ship would approach the coast. (3) The dragons buried by Lludd, son of Beli, in the city of Pharaon, in the Snowdon rocks. (See THREE FATAL DISCLOSURES.)--_Welsh Triads_, liii.

=Three Counselling Knights= (_The_) of the court of King Arthur: (1) Kynon or Cynon, son of Clydno Eiddin; (2) Aron, son of Kynfarch ab Meirchion Gul; (3) Llywarch Hên, son of Elidir Lydanwyn. So long as Arthur followed the advice of these three, his success was invariable, but when he neglected to follow their counsel, his defeat was sure.--_Welsh Triads._

=Three Diademed Chiefs= (_The_) of the island of Britain: (1) Kai, son of Kyner, the steward of King Arthur. He could transform himself into any shape he pleased. Always ready to fight, and always worsted. Half knight and half buffoon. (2) Trystan mab Tallwch, one of Arthur’s three heralds, and one whom nothing could divert from his purpose; he is generally called Sir Tristram. (3) Gwevyl mab Gwestad, the melancholy. “When sad, he would let one of his lips drop below his waist, while the other turned up like a cap upon his head.”--_The Mabinogion_, 227.

=Three Disloyal Tribes= (_The_) of the island of Britain: (1) The tribe of Goronwy Pebyr, which refused to stand substitute for their lord, Llew Llaw Gyffes, when a poisoned dart was shot at him by Llech Goronwy; (2) the tribe of Gwrgi, which deserted their lord in Caer Greu, when he met Eda Glinmawr in battle (both were slain); (3) the tribe of Alan Vyrgan, which slunk away from their lord on his journey to Camlan, where he was slain.--_Welsh Triads_, xxxv.

=Three Estates of the Realm=: the nobility, the clergy, and the commonalty.

N.B.--The sovereign is not one of the three estates.

=Three Fatal Disclosures= (_The_) of the island of Britain: (1) That of the buried head of Vran “The Blessed,” by King Arthur, because he refused to hold the sovereignty of the land except by his own strength; (2) that of the bones of Vortimer by Vortigern, out of love for Ronwen (_Rowena_), daughter of Hengist, the Saxon; (3) that of the dragons in Snowdon by Vortigern, in revenge of the Cymryan displeasure against him; having this done, he invited over the Saxons in his defence. (See THREE CLOSURES.)--_Welsh Triads_, liii.

=Three-Fingered Jack=, the nickname of a famous negro robber, who was the terror of Jamaica in 1780. He was at length hunted down and killed in 1781.

=Three Golden-Tongued Knights= (_The_) in the court of King Arthur; (1) Gwalchmai, called in French Gawain, son of Gwyar; (2) Drudwas, son of Tryffin; (3) Eliwlod, son of Madog ab Uthur. They never made a request which was not at once granted.--_Welsh Triads._

=Three Great Astronomers= (_The_), of the island of Britain: (1) Grwydion, son of Don. From him the Milky Way is called “Caer Gwydion.” He called the constellation Cassiopeia “The Court of Don,” or Llys Don, after his father; and the Corona Borealis, he called “Caer Arianrod,” after his daughter. (2) Gwynn, son of Nudd. (3) Idris.--_Welsh Triads_, ii. 325.

=Three Holy Tribes= (_The_), of the island of Britain: (1) That of Bran or Vran, who introduced Christianity into Wales; (2) that of Cunedda Wledig; and (3) that of Brychan Brycheiniog.--_Welsh Triads_, xxxv.

=Three Guardsmen=, trio of French gentlemen, who enter the army of Louis XIII., assuming the pseudonyms of Athos, Porthos and Aramis. Their adventures are traced through three books of Dumas, _Les Trois Mousquetaires_, _Vingt Ans Après_ and _Le Vicomte de Bragelonne_.

=Three Kings’ Day=, Twelfth Day or Epiphany, designed to commemorate the visit of the “three kings,” or “Wise Men of the East,” to the infant Jesus.

=Three Kings of Cologne= (_The_), the three “Wise Men” who followed the guiding star “from the East” to Jerusalem, and offered gifts to the babe Jesus. Their names were Jaspar or Gaspar, Melchior, and Balthazar; or Apellius, Ameĕrus, and Damascus; or Magalath, Galgalath, and Sarasin; or Ator, Sator and Peratŏras. Klopstock, in his _Messiah_, says the Wise Men were six in number, and gives their names as Hadad, Selĭma, Zimri, Mirja, Beled, and Sunith.

⁂ The toys shown in Cologne Cathedral as the “three kings” are called Gaspar, Melchior, and Balthazar.

=Three Learned Knights= (_The_), of the island of Britain: (1) Gwalchmai ab Gwyar, called in French romances Gawain; (2) Llecheu ab Arthur; (3) Rhiwallon with the broom-bush hair. There was nothing that man knew they did not know.--_Welsh Triads._

=Three-Leg Alley= (_London_), now called Pemberton Row, Fetter Lane.

=Three Letters= (_A Man of_), a thief. A Roman phrase, from _fur_, “a thief.”

Tun’ trium literarum homo Me vituperas? Fur! Plautus, _Aulularia_, ii. 4.

=Three Makers of Golden Shoes= (_The_), of the island of Britain; (1) Caswallawn, son of Beli, when he went to Gascony to obtain Flur. She had been abducted for Julius Cæsar, but was brought back by the prince. (2) Manawyddan, son of Llyr, when he sojourned in Lloegyr (_England_). (3) Llew Llaw Gyffes, when seeking arms from his mother.--_Welsh Triads_, cxxiv.

“What craft shall we take?” said Manawyddan.... “Let us take to making shoes.”... So he bought the best cordwal ... and got the best goldsmith to make clasps ... and he was called one of the three makers of gold shoes.--_The Mabinogion_ (“Manawyddan,” twelfth century).

=Three Robbers= (_The_). The three stars in Orion’s belt are said to be “three robbers climbing up to rob the Ranee’s silver bedstead.”--Miss Frere, _Old Deccan Days_, 28.

=Three Stayers of Slaughter= (_The_): (1) Gwgawn Gleddyvrud; the name of his horse was Buchestom. (2) Morvran eil Tegid. (3) Gilbert mab Cadgyffro.--_Welsh Triads_, xxix.

=Three Tailors of Tooley Street= (_The_), three worthies who held a meeting in Tooley Street, for the redress of popular grievances, and addressed a petition to the House of Commons, while Canning was prime minister, beginning, “We, the people of England.”

=Three Tribe Herdsmen of Britain= (_The_): (1) Llawnrodded Varvawe, who tended the milch cows of Nudd Hael, son of Senyllt; (2) Bennren, who kept the herd of Caradawc, son of Brân, Glamorganshire; (3) Grwdion, son of Don, the enchanter, who kept the kine of Gwynedd, above the Conway. All these herds consisted of 21,000 milch cows.--_Welsh Triads_, lxxxv.

=Three Tyrants of Athens= (_The_); Pisistrătos (B.C. 560-490), Hippias and Hipparchos (B.C. 527-490).

(The two brothers reigned conjointly from 527-514, when the latter was murdered.)

=Three Unprofessional Bards= (_The_), of the island of Britain: (1) Rhyawd, son of Morgant; (2) King Arthur; (3) Cadwallawn, son of Cadvan.--_Welsh Triads_, lxxxix, 113.

=Three Weeks after Marriage=, a comedy by A. Murphy (1776). Sir Charles Racket has married the daughter of a rich London tradesman, and, three weeks of the honeymoon having expired, he comes on a visit to the lady’s father, Mr. Drugget. Old Drugget plumes himself on his aristocratic son-in-law, so far removed from the vulgar brawls of meaner folk. On the night of their arrival the bride and bridegroom quarrel about a game of whist; the lady maintained that Sir Charles ought to have played a diamond instead of a club. So angry is Sir Charles that he resolves to have a divorce; and, although the quarrel is patched up, Mr. Drugget has seen enough of the _beau monde_ to decline the alliance of Lovelace for his second daughter, whom he gives to a Mr. Woodley.

=Three Writers= (_The_). The _Scriptores Tres_ are Richardus Corinensis, Gildas Badonĭcus and Nennius Banchorensis; three who wrote on _The Ancient History of the British Nation_, edited, etc., by Julius Bertram (1757).

⁂ The Five Writers, or _Scriptores Quinque_, are five English chronicles on the early history of England, edited by Thomas Gale (1691). The names of these chroniclers are: William of Malmesbury, Henry of Huntingdon, Roger Hoveden, Ethelwerd, and Ingulphus of Croyland.

The Ten Writers, or _Scriptores Decem_, are the authors of ten ancient chronicles on English history, compiled and edited by Roger Twysden and John Selden (1652). The collection contains the chronicles of Simeon of Durham, John of Hexham, Richard of Hexham, Ailred of Rieval, Ralph de Diceto, John Brompton, Gervase of Canterbury, Thomas Stubbs, William Thorn and Henry Knighton. (See SIX CHRONICLES.)

=Thresher= (_Captain_), the feigned leader of a body of lawless Irishmen, who attacked, in 1806, the collectors of tithes and their subordinates.

Captain Right was a leader of the rebellious peasantry in the south of Ireland in the eighteenth century.

Captain Rock was the assumed name of a leader of Irish insurgents in 1822.

=Thrummy-Cap=, a sprite which figures in the fairy tales of Northumberland. He was a “queer-looking little auld man,” whose scene of exploits generally lay in the vaults and cellars of old castles. John Skelton, in his _Colyn Clout_, calls him Tom-a-Thrum, and says that the clergy could neither write nor read, and were no wiser than this cellar sprite.

=Thrush= (_Song of the_). Marvellous, rippling music, like the sweet babble of a brook over stones; like the gentle sighing of the wind in pine trees ... a rhapsody impossible to describe, but constantly reminding one of running streams and gentle waterfalls, and coming nearer to “put my woods in song” than any other bird-notes whatever.--Olive Thorne Miller, _In Nesting Time_ (1888).

_Thrush_ (_Golden-crowned_). Commencing in a very low key ... he grows louder and louder, till his body quakes, and his chant runs into a shriek, ringing in my ear with a peculiar sharpness. This lay may be represented thus: “Teacher! _teacher!_ Teacher! TEACHER! TEACHER!” the accent on the first syllable, and each word uttered with increasing force and shrillness.--John Burroughs, _Wake Robin_ (1871).

=Thu´le= (2 _syl._), the most remote northern portion of the world known to the ancient Greeks and Romans; but whether an island or part of a continent nobody knows. It is first mentioned by Pythĕas, the Greek navigator, who says it is “six days’ sail from Britain,” and that its climate is a “mixture of earth, air and sea.” Ptolemy, with more exactitude, tells us that the 63° of north latitude runs through the middle of Thulê, and adds that “the days there are at the equinoxes [_sic_] twenty-four hours long.” This, of course, is a blunder, but the latitude would do roughly for Iceland.

(No place has a day of twenty-four hours long at either equinox; but anywhere beyond either polar circle the day is twenty-four hours long at one of the solstices.)

_Thule_ (2 _syl._). Antonius Diogenês, a Greek, wrote a romance on “The Incredible Things beyond Thulê” (_Ta huper Thoulen Apista_), which has furnished the basis of many subsequent tales. The work is not extant, but Photius gives an outline of its contents in his _Bibliotheca_.

=Thumb= (_Tom_), a dwarf no bigger than a man’s thumb. He lived in the reign of King Arthur, by whom he was knighted. He was the son of a common ploughman, and was killed by the poisonous breath of a spider in the reign of Thunstone, the successor of King Arthur.

Amongst his adventures may be mentioned the following:--He was lying one day asleep in a meadow, when a cow swallowed him as she cropped the grass. At another time he rode in the ear of a horse. He crept up the sleeve of a giant, and so tickled him that he shook his sleeve, and Tom, falling into the sea, was swallowed by a fish. The fish being caught and carried to the palace gave the little man his introduction to the king.

⁂ The oldest version extant of this nursery tale is in rhyme, and bears the following title:--_Tom Thumb, His Life and Death; wherein is declared many marvailous acts of manhood, full of wonder and strange merriments. Which little knight lived in King Arthur’s time, and was famous in the court of Great Brittaine. London: printed for John Wright, 1630_ (Bodleian Library). It begins thus:

In Arthur’s court Tom Thumbe did liue-- A man of mickle might, The best of all the Table Round, And eke a doughty knight. His stature but an inch in height, Or quarter of a span; Then thinke you not this little knight Was prov’d a valiant man?

N.B.--“Great Britain” was not a recognized term till 1701 (Queen Anne), when the two parliaments of Scotland and England were united. Before that time, England was called “South Britain,” Scotland “North Britain,” and Brittany “Little Britain.” The date, 1630, would carry us back to the reign of Charles I.

Fielding, in 1730, wrote a burlesque opera called _Tom Thumb_, which was altered in 1778, by Kane O’Hara. Dr. Arne wrote the music to it, and his “daughter (afterwards Mrs. Cibber), then only 14, acted the part of ‘Tom Thumb’ at the Haymarket Theatre.”--T. Davies, _Life of Garrick_.

⁂ Here again the dates do not correctly fit in. Mrs. Cibber was born in 1710, and must have been 20 when Fielding produced his opera of _Tom Thumb_.

_Thumb_ (_General Tom_), a dwarf exhibited in London in 1846. His real name was Charles S. Stratton. At the age of 25, his height was 25 inches, and his weight 25 lbs. He was born at Bridgeport, Connecticut, in 1832, and died in January, 1879.

They rush by thousands to see Tom Thumb. They push, they fight, they scream, they faint, they cry, “Help!” and “Murder!” They see my bills and caravan, but do not read them. Their eyes are on them, but their sense is gone.... In one week 12,000 persons paid to see Tom Thumb, while only 133½ paid to see my “Aristidês.”--Haydon, the artist, _MS. Diary_.

=Thunder= (_The Giant_), a giant who fell into a river and was killed, because Jack cut the ropes which suspended a bridge which the giant was about to cross.--_Jack the Giant Killer_.

_Thunder_ (_The Sons of_). James and John, the sons of Zebedee, were called “Boaner´gês.”--_Luke_ ix. 54; _Mark_ iii. 17.

=Thunder and Lightning=, Stephen II. of Hungary, was surnamed _Tonnant_ (1100, 1114-1131).

=Thunderbolt= (_The_). Ptolemy, king of Macedon, eldest son of Ptolemy Sotêr I., was so called from his great impetuosity (B.C. *, 285-279).

Handel was called by Mozart “The Thunderbolt” (1684-1759).

=Thunderbolt of Italy= (_The_), Gaston de Foix, nephew of Louis XII. (1489-1512).

=Thunderbolt of War= (_The_). Roland is so called in Spanish ballads.

Tisaphernês is so called in Tasso’s _Jerusalem Delivered_, xx. (1575).

=Thunderer= (_The_), the _Times_ newspaper. This popular name was first given to the journal in allusion to a paragraph in one of the articles contributed by Captain Edward Sterling, while Thomas Barnes was editor.

We thundered forth the other day an article on the subject of social and political reform.

Some of the contemporaries caught up the expression, and called the _Times_ “The Thunderer.” Captain Sterling used to sign himself “Vetus” before he was placed on the staff of the paper.

=Thundering Legion= (_The_), the twelfth legion of the Roman army under Marcus Aurēlius acting against the Quadi, A.D. 174. It was shut up in a defile, and reduced to great straits for want of water, when a body of Christians, enrolled in the legion, prayed for relief. Not only was rain sent, but the thunder and lightning so terrified the foe that a complete victory was obtained, and the legion was ever after called “The Thundering Legion.”--Dion Cassius, _Roman History_, lxxi. 8; Eusebius, _Ecclesiastical History_, v. 5.

The Theban legion, _i.e._, the legion raised in the Thebaïs of Egypt, and composed of Christian soldiers led by St. Maurice, was likewise called “The Thundering Legion.”

The term “Thundering Legion” existed before either of these two was so called.

=Thunstone= (2 _syl._), the successor of King Arthur, in whose reign Tom Thumb was killed by a spider.--_Tom Thumb._

=Thu´rio=, a foolish rival of Valentine for the love of Silvia, daughter of the duke of Milan.--Shakespeare, _The Two Gentlemen of Verona_ (1595).

=Thwacker= (_Quartermaster_), in the dragoons.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

=Thwackum=, in Fielding’s novel, _The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling_ (1749).

=Thyamis=, an Egyptian thief, native of Memphis. Theagĕnês and Chariclēa being taken by him prisoners, he fell in love with the lady, and shut her up in a cave for fear of losing her. Being closely beset by another gang stronger than his own, he ran his sword into the heart of Chariclea, that she might go with him into the land of shadows, and be his companion in the future life.--Heliodorus, _Æthiopica_.

Like to the Egyptian thief, at point of death, Kill what I love. Shakespeare, _Twelfth Night_, act v. sc. 1 (1614).

=Thyeste´an Banquet= (in Latin _cæna Thyestæ_), a cannibal feast. Thyestês was given his own two sons to eat in a banquet served up to him by his brother, Atreus [_At.truce_].

Procnê and Philomēla served up to Tereus (2 _syl._) his own son Itys.

⁂ Milton accents the word on the second syllable in _Paradise Lost_, x. 688, but then he calls Chalybe´an (_Samson Agonistes_, 133) “Chalyb´ean,” Æge´an (_Paradise Lost_, i. 745) “Æ´gean,” and Cambuscan´ he calls “Cambus´can.”

=Thyeste´an Revenge=, blood for blood, tit for tat of bloody vengeance.

1. Thyestês seduced the wife of his brother, Atreus (2 _syl._), for which he was banished. In his banishment he carried off his brother’s son, Plisthĕnês, whom he brought up as his own child. When the boy was grown to manhood, he sent him to assassinate Atreus, but Atreus slew Plisthenês, not knowing him to be his son. The corresponding vengeance was this: Thyestês had a son named. Ægisthos, who was brought up by King Atreus as his own child. When Ægisthos was grown to manhood, the king sent him to assassinate Thyestês, but the young man slew Atreus instead.

2. Atreus slew his own son, Plisthenês, thinking him to be his brother’s child. When he found out his mistake, he pretended to be reconciled to his brother, and asked him to a banquet. Thyestês went to the feast, and ate part of his own two sons, which had been cooked, and were set before him by his brother.

3. Thyestês defiled the wife of his brother, Atreus, and Atreus married Pelopia, the unwedded wife of his brother, Thyestês. It was the son of this woman by Thyestês who murdered Atreus (his uncle and father-in-law).

⁂ The tale of Atreus and that of Œdĭpus are the two most lamentable stories of historic fiction, and in some points resemble each other: Thus Œdipus married his mother, not knowing who she was; Thyestês seduced his daughter, not knowing who she was. Œdipus slew his father, not knowing who he was; Atreus slew his son, not knowing who he was. Œdipus was driven from his throne by the sons born to him by his own mother; Atreus [_At´.ruce_] was killed by the natural son of his own wife.

=Thymbræ´an God= (_The_), Apollo; so called from a celebrated temple raised to his honor on a hill near the river Thymbrĭus.

The Thymbræan god With Mars I saw and Pallas. Dantê, _Purgatory_, xii. (1308).

=Thymert=, priest and guardian of Guenn. Beloved by the fisherfolk, and secretly in love with his beautiful ward. He finds her drowned on the shore of his island home.--Blanche Willis Howard, _Guenn_ (1883).

=Thyrsis=, a herdsman introduced in the _Idylls_ of Theocrĭtos, and in Virgil’s _Eclogue_, vii. Any shepherd or rustic is so called.

Hard by, a cottage chimney smokes From betwixt two agêd oaks, Where Corydon and Thyrsis met, Are at their savory dinner set. Milton, _L’Allegro_ (1638).

=Thyrsus=, a long pole with an ornamental head of ivy, vine leaves, or a fir cone, carried by Bacchus and by his votaries at the celebration of his rites. It was emblematic of revelry and drunkenness.

[_I will_] abash the frantic thyrsus with my song. Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_ (1767).

=Tibbs= (_Beau_), a poor, clever, dashing young spark, who had the happy art of fancying he knew all the _haut monde_, and that all the _monde_ knew him; that his garret was the choicest spot in London, for its commanding view of the Thames; that his wife was a lady of distinguished airs; and that his infant daughter would marry a peer. He took off his hat to every man and woman of fashion, and made out that dukes, lords, duchesses, and ladies addressed him simply as Ned. His hat was pinched up with peculiar smartness; his looks were pale, thin, and sharp, round his neck he wore a broad black ribbon, and in his bosom a glass pin; his coat was trimmed with tarnished lace; and his stockings were silk. Beau Tibbs interlarded his rapid talk with fashionable oaths, such as, “Upon my soul! egad!”

“I was asked to dine yesterday,” he says, “at the Duchess of Piccadilly’s. My Lord Mudler was there. ‘Ned,’ said he, ‘I’ll hold gold to silver I can tell you where you were poaching last night ... I hope Ned, it will improve your fortune,’ ‘Fortune, my lord? five hundred a year at least--great secret--let it go no further.’ My lord took me down in his chariot to his country seat yesterday, and we had a _tête-à-tête_ dinner in the country.” “I fancy you told us just now you dined yesterday at the duchess’s, in town.” “Did I so?” replied he, coolly. “To be sure, egad! now I do remember--yes, I had two dinners yesterday.”--Letter liv.

_Mrs. Tibbs_, wife of the beau, a slattern and a coquette, much emaciated, but with the remains of a good-looking woman. She made twenty apologies for being in _dishabille_; but had been out all night with the countess. Then, turning to her husband, she added, “And his lordship, my dear, drank your health in a bumper.” Ned then asked his wife if she had given orders for dinner. “You need make no great preparation--only we three. My lord cannot join us to-day--something small and elegant will do, such as a turbot, an ortolan, a----”

“Or,” said Mrs. Tibbs, “what do you think, my dear, of a nice bit of ox-cheek, dressed with a little of my own sauce?” “The very thing,” he replies; “it will eat well with a little beer. His grace was very fond of it, and I hate the vulgarity of a great load of dishes.” The citizen of the world now thought it time to decamp, and took his leave, Mrs. Tibbs assuring him that dinner would certainly be quite ready in two or three hours.--Letter lv.

_Mrs. Tibbs’s lady’s-maid_, a vulgar, brawny Scotchwoman. “Where’s my lady?” said Tibbs, when he brought to his garret his excellency the ambassador of China. “She’s a-washing your twa shirts at the next door, because they won’t lend us the tub any longer.”--Goldsmith, _A Citizen of the World_ (1759).

=Tibert= (_Sir_), the name of the cat in the beast-epic of _Reynard the Fox_ (1498).

=Tibet Talkapace=, a prating hand-maid of Custance, the gay and rich widow, vainly sought by Ralph Roister Doister.--Nicholas Udall, _Ralph Roister Doister_ (first English comedy, 1534).

The metre runs thus:

I hearde our nourse speake of an husbande to-day Ready for our mistresse, a rich man and gay; And we shall go in our French hoodes every day ... Then shall ye see Tibet, sires, treade the mosse so trig ... Not lumperdee, clumperdee, like our Spaniel Rig.

=Tibs= (_Mr._), a most “useful hand.” He will write you a receipt for the bite of a mad dog, tell you an Eastern tale to perfection, and understands the business part of an author so well that no publisher can humbug him. You may know him by his peculiar clumsiness of figure, and the coarseness of his coat; but he never forgets to inform you that his clothes are all paid for. (See TIBBS.)--Goldsmith, _A Citizen of The World_, xxix. (1759).

=Tibullus= (_The French_), the chevalier Evariste de Parny (1742-1814).

=Tiburce= (2 or 3 _syl._), brother of Valerian, converted by St. Cecile, his sister-in-law, and baptized by Pope Urban. Being brought before the Prefect Almachius, and commanded to worship the image of Jupiter, he refused to do so, and was decapitated.--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ (“Second Nun’s Tale,” 1388).

⁂ When Tiburce is followed by a vowel it is made 2 _syl._, when by a consonant it is 3 _syl._, as:

And after this, Tiburce in good entente (2 _syl._), With Valerīan to Pope Urban went, And this thing sche unto Tiburce tolde (3 _syl._). Chaucer.

=Tibur´zio=, commander of the Pisans, in their attack upon Florence, in the fifteenth century. The Pisans were thoroughly beaten by the Florentines, led by Lu´ria, a Moor, and Tiburzio was taken captive. Tiburzio tells Luria that the men of Florence will cast him off after peace is established, and advises him to join Pisa. This Luria is far too noble to do, but he grants Tiburzio his liberty. Tiburzio, being examined by the council of Florence, under the hope of finding some cause of censure against the Moor, to lessen or cancel their obligations to him, “testifies to his unflinching probity,” and the council could find no cause of blame, but Luria, by poison, relieves the ungrateful state of its obligation to him.--Robert Browning, _Luria_.

=Tichborne Dole= (_The_). When Lady Mabella was dying, she requested her husband to grant her the means of leaving a charitable bequest. It was to be a dole of bread, to be distributed annually on the Feast of the Annunciation, to any who chose to apply for it. Sir Roger, her husband, said he would give her as much land as she could walk over while a billet of wood remained burning. The old lady was taken into the park, and managed to crawl over twenty-three acres of land, which was accordingly set apart, and is called “The Crawls” to this hour. When the Lady Mabella was taken back to her chamber, she said, “So long as this dole is continued, the family of Tichborne shall prosper; but immediately it is discontinued, the house shall fall, from the failure of an heir male. This,” she added, “will be when a family of seven sons is succeeded by one of seven daughters.” The custom began in the reign of Henry II., and continued till 1796, when, singularly enough, the baron had seven sons and his successor seven daughters, and Mr. Edward Tichborne, who inherited the Doughty estates, dropping the original name, called himself Sir Edward Doughty.

=Tickell= (_Mark_), a useful friend, especially to Elsie Lovell.--Wybert Reeve, _Parted_.

=Tickler= (_Timothy_), an ideal portrait of Robert Sym, a lawyer of Edinburgh (1750-1844).--Wilson, _Noctes Ambrosianæ_ (1822-36).

=Tiddler.= (See TOM TIDDLER’S GROUND.)

=Tiddy-Doll=, a nickname given to Richard Grenville, Lord Temple (1711-1770).

=Tide-Waiters= (_Ecclesiastical_). So the Rev. Lord Osborne (S. G. O.) calls the clergy in convocation whose votes do not correspond with their real opinions.

=Tider= (_Robin_), one of the servants of the earl of Leicester.--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Tiffany=, Miss Alscrip’s lady’s-maid; pert, silly, bold, and a coquette.--General Burgoyne, _The Heiress_ (1781).

=Tigg= (_Montague_), a clever impostor, who lives by his wits. He starts a bubble insurance office--“the Anglo-Bengalee Company”--and makes considerable gain thereby. Having discovered the attempt of Jonas Chuzzlewit to murder his father, he compels him to put his money in the “new company,” but Jonas finds means to murder him.--C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).

=Tiglath-Pile´ser=, son of Pul, second of the sixth dynasty of the new Assyrian empire. The word is _Tiglath Pul Assur_: “the great tiger of Assyria.”

=Tigra´nes= (3 _syl._), one of the heroes slain by the impetuous Dudon soon after the arrival of the Christian army before Jerusalem.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_, iii. (1575).

_Tigranes_ (3 _syl._), king of Arme´nia.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _A King or No King_ (1619).

=Tigress Nurse= (_A_). Tasso says that Clorinda was suckled by a tigress.--_Jerusalem Delivered_, xii.

Roman story says Romulus and Remus were suckled by a she-wolf.

Orson, the brother of Valentine, was suckled by a she-bear, and was brought up by an eagle.--_Valentine and Orson._

=Tilburi´na=, the daughter of the governor of Tilbury Fort; in love with Whiskerandos. Her love-ravings are the crest unto the crest of burlesque tragedy (see act ii. 1).--Sheridan, _The Critic_ (1779).

“An oyster may be crossed in love,” says the gentle Tilburina.--Sir W. Scott.

=Tilbury Fort= (_The governor of_), father of Tilburīna; a plain, matter-of-fact man, with a gushing, romantic and love-struck daughter. In Mr. Puff’s tragedy, _The Spanish Armada_.--Sheridan, _The Critic_ (1779).

=Tim Syllabub=, a droll creature, equally good at a rebus, a riddle, a bawdy song or a tabernacle hymn. You may easily recognize him by his shabby finery, his frizzled hair, his dirty shirt and his half-genteel, but more than half-shabby dress.--Goldsmith, _A Citizen of the World_, xxix. (1759).

=Times= (_The_), a newspaper founded by John Walter in 1785. It was first called _The London Daily Universal Register_; in 1788 the words _The Times or ..._ were added. This long title was never tolerated by the public, which always spoke of the journal as _The Register_, till the original title was suppressed, and the present title, _The Times_, remained. In 1803, John Walter, son of the founder, became manager, and greatly improved the character of the paper, and in 1814 introduced a steam press. He died in 1847, and was succeeded by his son, John Walter III. In the editorial department, John (afterwards “Sir John”) Stoddart (nicknamed “Dr. Slop”), who began to write political articles in _The Times_ in 1810, was appointed editor in 1812, but, in 1816, was dismissed for his rabid hatred of Napoleon. He tried to establish an opposition journal, _The New Times_, which proved an utter failure. Sir John Stoddart was succeeded by John Stebbing; then followed Thomas Barnes (“Mr. T. Bounce”), who remained editor till his death, in 1841. W. F. A. Delane came next, and continued till 1858, when his son, John Thaddeus Delane, succeeded him. The following gentlemen were connected with this paper between 1870 and 1880:--

AN EAST END INCUMBENT, Mr. Rowsell, a volunteer correspondent.

ANGLICANUS, Arthur P. Stanley, dean of Westminster, a volunteer correspondent.

C., Dr. Cumming, who often dates from Dunrobin.

C. E. T., Sir Charles E. Trevelyan, a volunteer correspondent.

CHURCH MATTERS, the Rev. Henry Wace, preacher at Lincoln’s Inn.

CITY ARTICLE, M. B. Sampson.

COLLEAGUES TO CORRESPONDENTS, Dr. Charles Austin, with Messrs. Dallas, Broome, and Kelly.

CORRESPONDENTS in every chief town of the United Kingdom, and in all the most important foreign countries.

CRITIC. _Fine Arts_, Tom Taylor; _Dramatic_, John Oxenford (died 1876); _Musical_, T. J. Davidson.

EDITOR, John Thaddeus Delane, who succeeded his father; Assistant, Mr. Stebbings, who succeeded G. W. Dasent (“The Hardy Norseman”).

H., Vernon Harcourt, M. P., a volunteer correspondent.

HERTFORDSHIRE INCUMBENT, Canon Blakesley, dean of Lincoln.

HISTORICUS, Vernon Harcourt, M. P., who also wrote slashing articles in the _Saturday Review_.

IRISH CORRESPONDENT, Dr. G. V. Patten, editor and proprietor of the _Dublin Daily Express_.

IRISH MATTERS, O’Conor Morris.

J. C., Dr. Cumming (see C.), a volunteer correspondent.

LEADERS, Leonard H. Courteney, Dr. Gallenga, Mr. Knox, Robert Lowe, Canon Moseley, Lawrence Oliphant.

MANAGER OF OFFICE, Mowbray Morris.

MANAGER OF PRINTING AND MACHINERY, Mr. Macdonald.

MERCATOR, Lord Overstone, a volunteer correspondent.

MILITARY AFFAIRS, Captain Hozier.

RELIGIOUS MATTERS, the Rev. Henry Wace, preacher at Lincoln’s Inn.

REPORTERS, about sixteen.

RUNNYMEDE, Benjamin Disraeli, afterwards earl of Beaconsfield, a volunteer correspondent.

SENEX, Grote (died in 1871), a volunteer correspondent.

S. G. O., the Rev. Lord Sidney Godolphin Osborne, a volunteer correspondent.

SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT, Dr. W. Howard Russell, famous for his letters from the Crimēa, in 1854; from India, in 1857; from America, in 1861; from Bohemia, in 1866; from France, on the Franco-Prussian war, in 1870-71; etc. Occasionally, Captain Hozier has acted as “Our Own Correspondent.”

VETUS, Capt. Edw. Sterling, a volunteer correspondent.

VIATOR, John Alexander Kinglake, a volunteer correspondent.

⁂ Paper is supplied from the Taverham Mills; _ink_ by Messrs. Fleming and Co., Leith, and by Messrs. Blackwell and Co., London; _Daily Issue_, between 70,000 and 80,000, which can be thrown from the press in two hours; _Working Staff_, 350 hands.

Called “The Thunderer” from an article contributed by Captain E. Sterling, beginning: “We thundered forth the other day an article on the subject of social and political reform;” and “The Turnabout,” because its politics jump with the times, and are not fossilized whig or tory.

=Tim´ias=, King Arthur’s squire. He went after the “wicked foster,” from whom Florimel fled, and the “foster,” with his two brothers, falling on him, were all slain. Timias, overcome by fatigue, now fell from his horse in a swoon, and Belphœbê, the huntress, happening to see him fall, ran to his succor, applied an ointment to his wounds, and bound them with her scarf. The squire, opening his eyes, exclaimed, “Angel or goddess; do I call thee right?” “Neither,” replied the maid, “but only a wood-nymph.” Then was he set upon his horse and taken to Belphœbê’s pavilion, where he soon “recovered from his wounds, but lost his heart” (bk. iii. 6). In bk. iv. 7 Belphœbê subsequently found Timias in dalliance with Amoret, and said to him, “Is this thy faith?” She said no more, “but turned her face and fled.” This is an allusion to Sir Walter Raleigh’s amour with Elizabeth Throgmorton (_Amoret_), one of the queen’s maids of honor, which drew upon Sir Walter (_Timias_) the passionate displeasure of his royal mistress, Queen Elizabeth, (_Belphœbê_).--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iii. (1590).

=Timms= (_Corporal_), a non-commissioned officer in Waverley’s regiment.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Timo´leon=, the Corinthian. He hated tyranny, and slew his own brother, whom he dearly loved, because he tried to make himself absolute in Corinth. “Timophănês he loved, but freedom more.”

The fair Corinthian boast Timoleon, happy temper, mild and firm, Who wept the brother while the tyrant bled. Thomson, _The Seasons_ (“Winter,” 1726).

=Timon=, the Man-hater, an Athenian, who lived in the time of the Peloponnesian war. Shakespeare has a drama so called (1609). The drama begins with the joyous life of Timon, and his hospitable extravagance; then launches into his pecuniary embarrassment, and the discovery that his “professed friends” will not help him; and ends with his flight into the woods, his misanthropy, and his death.

When he [_Horace Walpole_] talked misanthropy, he out-Timoned Timon.--Macaulay.

⁂ On one occasion, Timon said, “I have a fig tree in my garden, which I once intended to cut down; but I shall let it stand, that any one who likes may go and hang himself on it.”

=Timon’s Banquet=, nothing but cover and warm water. Being shunned by his friends in adversity, he pretended to have recovered his money, and invited his false friends to a banquet. The table was laden with covers, but when the contents were exposed, nothing was provided but lukewarm water. (See SCHACABAC.)--Shakespeare, _Timon of Athens_, act iii. sc. 6 (1609).

=Timoth´eos=, a musician, who charged double fees to all pupils who had learned music before.--Quintilian, _De Institutione Oratoria_, ii. 3.

Ponocrates made him forget all that he [_Gargantua_] had learned under other masters, as Timŏthĕus did to his disciples who had been taught music by others.--Rabelais, _Gargantua_, i. 23 (1533).

Timotheus placed on high Amid the tuneful quire, With flying fingers touched the lyre. Dryden, _Alexander’s Feast_ (1697).

=Timothy= (_Old_), ostler at John Menge’s inn, at Kirchoff.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Timothy Quaint=, the whimsical, but faithful steward of Governor Heartall; blunt, self-willed, but loving his master above all things, and true to his interests.--Cherry, _The Soldier’s Daughter_ (1804).

=Ti´murkan=, the Tartar, and conqueror of China. After a usurpation of twenty years, he was slain in a rising of the people, by Zaphimri, “the orphan of China.”

My mind’s employed on other arts: To sling the well-stored quiver Over this arm, and wing the darts At the first reindeer sweeping down the vale, Or up the mountain, straining every nerve; To vault the neighing steed, and urge his course, Swifter than whirlwinds, through the ranks of war;-- These are my passions, this my only science. Raised from a soldier to imperial sway, I still will reign in terror. Murphy, _The Orphan of China_, iv. 1.

=Tinacrio=, “the Sage,” father of Micomico´na, queen of Micom´icon, and husband of Queen Zaramilla. He foretold that after his death his daughter would be dethroned by the giant, Pandafilando, but that in Spain, she would find a champion in Don Quixote, who would restore her to the throne. This adventure comes to nothing, as Don Quixote is taken home in a cage, without entering upon it.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iv. 3 (1605).

=Tinclarian Doctor= (_The Great_), William Mitchell, a whitesmith and tin-plate worker, of Edinburgh, who published _Tinkler’s Testament_, dedicated to Queen Anne, and other similar works.

The reason why I call myself the Tinclarian doctor, is because I am a tinklar, and cures old pans and lantruns.--_Introduction to Tinkler’s Testament._

⁂ Uniformity of spelling must not be looked for in the “doctor’s” book. We have “Tinklar,” “Tinkler,” and “Tinclarian.”

=Tinderbox= (_Miss Jenny_), a lady with a moderate fortune, who once had some pretensions to beauty. Her elder sister happened to marry a man of quality, and Jenny ever after resolved not to disgrace herself by marrying a tradesman. Having rejected many of her equals, she became at last the governess of her sister’s children, and had to undergo the drudgery of three servants, without receiving the wages of one.--Goldsmith, _A Citizen of the World_, xxviii. (1759).

=Tinker= (_The Immortal_ or _The Inspired_), John Bunyan (1638-1688).

=Tinsel= (_Lord_), a type of that worst specimen of aristocracy, which ignores all merit but blue blood, and would rather patronize a horse-jockey than a curate, scholar, or poor gentleman. He would subscribe six guineas to the concerts of Signor Cantata, because Lady Dangle patronized him, but not one penny to “languages, arts, and sciences,” as such.--S. Knowles, _The Hunchback_ (1831).

=Tintag´el= or TINTAGIL, a strong and magnificent castle on the coast of Cornwall, said to have been the work of two giants. It was the birthplace of King Arthur, and subsequently the royal residence of King Mark. Dunlop asserts that vestiges of the castle still exist.

They found a naked child upon the sands Of dark Tintagil, by the Cornish sea, And that was Arthur. Tennyson, _Guinevere_ (1858).

=Tinto= (_Dick_), a poor artist, son of a tailor in the village of Langdirdum. He is introduced as a lad in the _Bride of Lammermoor_, i. This was in the reign of William III. He is again introduced in _St. Ronan’s Well_, i., as touching up the sign-board of Meg Dods, in the reign of George III. As William III. died in 1702, and George III. began to reign in 1760, Master Dick must have been a patriarch when he worked for Mrs. Dods.--Sir W. Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (1819); _St. Ronan’s Well_ (1823).

Meg Dods agreed with the celebrated Dick Tinto to repaint her father’s sign, which had become rather undecipherable. Dick accordingly gilded the bishop’s crook, and augmented the horrors of the devil’s aspect, until it became a terror to all the younger fry of the school-house.--_St. Ronan’s Well_, i.

=Tintoretto=, the historical painter, whose real name was Jacopo Robusti. He was called _Il Furioso_ from the extreme rapidity with which he painted (1512-1594).

=Tintoretto of England= (_The_), W. Dobson was called “The Tintoret of England” by Charles I. (1610-1646).

=Tintoretto of Switzerland= (_The_), John Huber (eighteenth century).

=Tiphany=, the mother of the three kings of Cologne. The word is manifestly a corruption of St. Epiphany, as Tibs is of St. Ubes, Taudry of St. Audry, Tooley [Street] of St. Olaf, Telder of St. Ethelred, and so on.

Scores of the saints have similarly manufactured names.

=Ti´phys=, pilot of the Argonauts; hence any pilot.

Many a Tiphys ocean’s depths explore, To open wondrous ways, untried before. Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_, viii. (Hoole).

⁂ Another name for a pilot or guiding power is Palinūrus; so called from the steersman of Ænēas.

E’en Palinurus nodded at the helm. Pope, _The Dunciad_, iv. 614 (1742).

=Tippins= (_Lady_), an old lady “with an immense, obtuse, drab, oblong face, like a face in a tablespoon; and a dyed ’long walk’ up the top of her head, as a convenient public approach to the bunch of false hair behind.” She delights “to patronize Mrs. Veneering,” and Mrs. Veneering is delighted to be patronized by her ladyship.

Lady Tippins is always attended by a lover or two, and she keeps a little list of her lovers, and is always booking a new lover, or striking out an old lover, or putting a lover in her black list, or promoting a lover to her blue list, or adding up her lovers, or otherwise posting her book, which she calls her Cupĭdon.--C. Dickens, _Our Mutual Friend_, ii. (1864).

=Tipple=, in Dudley’s _Flitch of Bacon_, first introduced John Edwin into notice (1750-1790).

Edwin’s “Tipple,” in the _Flitch of Bacon_, was an exquisite treat.--Boaden.

=Tippoo Saib= (_Prince_), son of Hyder Ali, nawaub of Mysore.--Sir W. Scott, _The Surgeon’s Daughter_ (time, George II.).

=Tips= or “Examination Crams.” Recognized stock pieces of what is called “book work” in university examinations are: Fermat’s theorem, the “Ludus Trojanus” in Virgil’s _Æneid_ (bk. vi.), Agnesi’s “Witch,” the “Cissoid” of Diocles and the famous fragment of Solon, generally said to be by Euripidês.

In law examinations the stock pieces are the _Justinian_ of Sandars; the _Digest of Evidence_ of Sir James Stephen; and the _Ancient Law_ of Sir Henry Maine.

The following are recognized primers:--Hill’s Logic; Spencer’s _First Principles_; Maine’s _Ancient Law_; Lessing’s _Laocoon_; Ritter and Preller’s _Fragmenta_; Wheaton’s _International Law_.

=Tip-tilted.= Tennyson says that Lynette had “her slender nose tip-tilted like the petal of a flower.”--Tennyson, _Gareth and Lynette_ (1858).

=Tiptoe=, footman to Random and Scruple. He had seen better days, but, being found out in certain dishonest transactions, had lost grade, and “Tiptoe, who once stood above the world,” came into a position in which “all the world stood on Tiptoe.” He was a shrewd, lazy, knowing rascal, better adapted to dubious adventure, but always sighing for a snug berth in some wealthy, sober, old-fashioned, homely, county family, with good wages, liberal diet, and little work to do.--G. Colman, _Ways and Means_ (1788).

=Tiran´te the White=, the hero and title of a romance of chivalry.

“Let me see that book,” said the curé; “we shall find in it a fund of amusement. Here we shall find that famous knight, Don Kyrie Elyson, of Montalban, and Thomas, his brother, with the Knight Fonseca, the battle which Detriantê fought with Alano, the stratagems of the Widow Tranquil, the amour of the empress with her squire, and the witticisms of Lady Brillianta. This is one of the most amusing books ever written.”--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. i. 6 (1605).

=Tiresias=, a Theban soothsayer, blind from boyhood. It is said that Athêna deprived him of sight, but gave him the power of understanding the language of birds, and a staff as good as eyesight to direct his way. Ovid says that Tiresias met two huge serpents in the wood and struck them with his staff, when he found himself turned into a woman, in which shape he remained for seven years. In the eighth year, meeting them again, he again struck them, and was changed back to a man. Dante places Tiresias in the Eighth Chasm of the Fourth Circle of the Lower Hell among the sorcerers, and other dealers in magic arts.

Behold Tiresias, who changed his aspect When of male he was made female, Altogether transforming his members. And afterward he had again to strike The two involved serpents with his rod Before he could resume his manly plumes. Dante, _Inferno_, xx. 40.

Meeting two mighty serpents in the green wood he struck their intertwined bodies with his staff, and, oh, wonderful! he found himself changed into a woman, and so remained for seven years. Again he sees them, in the eighth year. “And if,” he cried, “so powerful was the effect of my former blow, once more will I strike you!” And, the serpents struck with the same blows, his former shape returned, and his original nature.--Ovid, _Metamorphoses_, iii.

⁂ Milton, regretting his own blindness, compares himself to Tiresias, among others.

Blind Thamyris and blind Mæonidês [_Homer_], And Tiresias and Phineus prophets old. _Paradise Lost_, iii. 36 (1665).

=Tirlsneck= (_Jonnie_), beadle of old St. Ronan’s.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan’s Well_ (time, George III.).

=Tirso de Moli´na=, the pseudonym of Gabriel Tellez, a Spanish monk and dramatist. His comedy called _Convivando de Piedra_ (1626) was imitated by Molière in his _Festin de Pierre_ (1665), and has given birth to the whole host of comedies and operas on the subject of “Don Juan” (1570-1648).

=Tiryn´thian Swain= (_The_), Her´culês, called in Latin _Tirynthius Heros_, because he generally resided at Tiryns, a town of Ar´golis, in Greece.

Upon his shield lay that Tirynthian swain Swelt’ring in fiery gore and poisonous flame, His wife’s sad gift venomed with bloody stain. [See NESSUS.] Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, vii. (1633).

=Tisapher´nes= (4 _syl._), “the thunderbolt of war.” He was in the army of Egypt, and was slain by Rinaldo.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_, xx. (1575).

⁂ This son of Mars must not be mistaken for Tissaphernês, the Persian satrap, who sided with the Spartans, in the Peloponnesian war, and who treacherously volunteered to guide “the ten thousand” back to Greece.

=Tisbi´na=, wife of Iroldo. Prasildo, a Babylonish nobleman, fell in love with her, and threatened to kill himself. Tisbina, to divert him, tells him if he will perform certain exploits which she deemed impossible, she will return his love. These exploits he accomplishes, and Tisbina, with Iroldo, takes poison to avoid dishonor. Prasildo discovers that the draught they have taken is harmless, and tells them so; whereupon Iroldo quits the country, and Tisbina marries Prasildo. Bojardo, _Orlando Innamorato_ (1495). (See DIANORA, and DORIGEN.)

=Tisellin=, the raven, in the beast-epic of _Reynard the Fox_ (1498).

=Tisiph´one= (4 _syl._), one of the three Furies. Covered with a bloody robe, she sits day and night at hell-gate, armed with a whip. Tibullus says her head was coifed with serpents in lieu of hair.

The Desert Fairy, with her head covered with snakes, like Tisiphonê, mounted on a winged griffin.--Comtesse D’Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ (“The Yellow Dwarf,” 1682).

=Ti´tan=, the son of Hēlĭos, the child of Hyperi´on and Basil´ea, and grandson of Cœlum, or heaven. Virgil calls the sun “Titan,” and so does Ovid.

... primos crastĭnus ortus Extulerit Titan, radiisque retexerit orbem. _Æneid_, iv. 118, 119.

A maiden queen that shone at Titan’s ray. Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, i. 4 (1590).

=Titans=, giants, sons of Heaven and Earth. Their names were Ocēănos, Kœos, Krios, Hyperīon, Iapĕtos, and Kronos.

The _Titanĭdês_ were Theia [_Thi-a_], Rhea, Themis, Mnemosynê, Phœbê, and Tethys.

=Titan´ia=, queen of the fairies, and wife of Obĕron. Oberon wanted her to give him for a page a little changeling, but Titania refused to part with him, and this led to a fairy quarrel. Oberon, in revenge, anointed the eyes of Titania, during sleep, with an extract of “Love in Idleness,” the effect of which was to make her fall in love with the first object she saw on waking. The first object Titania set eyes on happened to be a country bumpkin, whom Puck had dressed up with an ass’s head. While Titania was fondling this unamiable creature, Oberon came upon her, sprinkled on her an antidote, and Titania, thoroughly ashamed of herself, gave up the boy to her spouse; after which a reconciliation took place between the willful fairies.--Shakespeare, _Midsummer Night’s Dream_ (1592).

=Tite Barnacle= (_Mr._), head of the Circumlocution Office, and a very great man in his own opinion. The family had intermarried with the Stiltstalkings, and the Barnacles and Stiltstalkings found berths pretty readily in the national workshop, where brains and conceit were in inverse ratio. The young gents in the office usually spoke with an eye-glass in the eye, in this sort of style: “Oh, I say; look here! Can’t attend to you to-day, you know. But look here! I say; can’t you call to-morrow?” “No.” “Well, but I say; look here! Is this public business?--anything about--tonnage--or that sort of thing?” Having made his case understood, Mr. Clennam received the following instructions in these words;--

You must find out all about it. Then you’ll memorialize the department, according to the regular forms for leave to memorialize. If you get it, the memorial must be entered in that department, sent to be registered in this department, then sent back to that department, then sent to this department to be countersigned, and then it will be brought regularly before that department. You’ll find out when the business passes through each of these stages by inquiring at both departments till they tell you.--C. Dickens, _Little Dorrit_, x (1857).

=Tite Poulette=, daughter (supposed) of a quadroon mother. “She lives a lonely, innocent life, in the midst of corruption, like the lilies in the marshes.... If she were in Holland to-day, not one of a hundred suitors would detect the hidden blemish of mixed blood.” When the young man, who thus describes her loves her, Lalli, her putative mother confesses: “I have robbed GOD long enough. Here are the sworn papers. Take her--she is as white as snow--so!... I never had a child. She is the Spaniard’s daughter.”--G. W. Cable, _Old Creole Days_ (1879).

=Titho´nus=, a son of Laomedon, king of Troy. He was so handsome that Auro´ra became enamored of him, and persuaded Jupiter to make him immortal; but as she forgot to ask for eternal youth also, he became decrepit and ugly, and Aurora changed him into a cicada, or grasshopper. His name is a synonym for a very old man.

Weary of aged Tithon’s saffron-bed. Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, I. ii. 7 (1500).

... thinner than Tithōnus was Before he faded into air. Lord Lytton, _Tales of Milētus_, ii.

_Tithonus_ (_The Consort of_), the dawn.

Now the fair consort of Tithonus old, Arisen from her mate’s beloved arms, Looked palely o’er the eastern cliff. Dantê, _Purgatory_, ix. (1308).

=Tithor´ea=, one of the two chief summits of Parnassus. It was dedicated to Bacchus, the other (_Lycorēa_), being dedicated to the Muses and Apollo.

=Titian= (_Tiziano Vecellio_), an Italian landscape painter, especially famous for his flesh-tints and female figures (1477-1576).

_Titian_ (_The French_), Jacques Blanchard (1600-1638).

_Titian_ (_The Portuguese_), Alonzo Sanchez Coello (1515-1590).

=Titmarsh= (_Michael Angelo_), a pseudonym used by Thackeray, in a number of his earlier writings. Like Michael Angelo, Thackeray had a broken nose.

=Titmouse= (_Mr. Tittlebat_), a vulgar, ignorant coxcomb, suddenly raised from the degree of a linen-draper’s shopman, to a man of fortune, with an income of £10,000 a year.--Warren, _Ten Thousand a Year_.

=Tito Mele´ma=, a Greek, who marries Romola.--George Eliot, _Romola_.

=Titurel=, the first king of Graal-burg. He has brought into subjection all his passions, has resisted all the seductions of the world, and is modest, chaste, pious, and devout. His daughter, Sigunê, is in love with Tschionatulander, who is slain.--Wolfram von Eschenbach, _Titurel_ (thirteenth century).

⁂ Wolfram’s _Titurel_ is a tedious expansion of a lay already in existence, and Albert of Scharfenberg produced a _Young Titurel_, at one time thought the best romance of chivalry in existence, but it is pompous, stilted, erudite, and wearisome.

=Titus=, the son of Lucius Junius Brutus. He joined the faction of Tarquin, and was condemned to death by his father, who, having been the chief instrument in banishing the king and all his race, was created the first consul. The subject has been often dramatized. In English, by N. Lee (1678) and John Howard Payne (1820). In French, by Arnault, in 1792; and by Ponsard, in 1843. In Italian, by Alfieri, _Bruto_, etc. It was in Payne’s tragedy that Charles Kean made his _début_ in Glasgow, as “Titus,” his father playing “Brutus.”

_Titus_, “the delight of man,” the Roman emperor, son of Vespasian (40, 79-81).

_Titus_, the penitent thief, according to the legend. Dumăchus and Titus were two of a band of robbers, who attacked Joseph in his flight into Egypt. Titus said, “Let these good people go in peace;” but Dumachus replied, “First let them pay their ransom.” Whereupon Titus handed to his companion forty groats; and the infant Jesus said to him:

When thirty years shall have gone by I at Jerusalem shall die ... On the accursêd tree. Then on My right and My left side, These thieves shall both be crucified, And Titus thenceforth shall abide In paradise with Me. Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_ (1851).

=Tityre Tus= (long _u_), the name assumed in the seventeenth century by a clique of young blades of the better class, whose delight was to break windows, upset sedan-chairs, molest quiet citizens, and rudely caress pretty women in the streets at night-time. These brawlers took successively many titular names, as Muns, Hectors, Scourers, afterwards Nickers, later still Hawcubites, and lastly Mohawks or Mohocks.

“Tityre tu-s” is meant for the plural of “Tityre tu,” in the first line of Virgil’s first _Eclogue_: “Tityre, tu patulæ recubans sub tegmine fagi,” and meant to imply that these blades were men of leisure and fortune, who “lay at ease under their patrimonial beech trees.”

=Tit´yrus=, in the _Shepheardes Calendar_, by Spenser (ecl. ii. and vi.), is meant for Chaucer.

The gentle shepherd sate beside a spring ... That Colin hight, which well could pipe and sing, For he of Tityrus his song did learn. Spenser, _The Shepheardes Calendar_, xii. (1579).

=Tityus=, a giant, whose body covered nine acres of ground. In Tartărus, two vultures or serpents feed forever on his liver, which grows as fast as it is gnawed away.

Promētheus (3 _syl._) is said to have been fastened to Mount Caucasus, where two eagles fed on his liver, which never wasted.

Nor unobserved lay stretched upon the marle Tityus, earth-born, whose body, long and large, Covered nine acres. There two vultures sat, Of appetite insatiate, and with beaks For ravine bent, unintermitting gored His liver. Powerless he to put to flight The fierce devourers. To this penance judged For rape intended on Latona fair. Fenton’s _Homer’s Odyssey_, xi. (1716).

=Tizo´na=, the Cid’s sword. It was buried with him, as Joyeuse (Charlemagne’s sword) was buried with Charlemagne, and Durindāna with Orlando.

=Tlal´ala=, surnamed “The Tiger,” one of the Aztĕcas. On one occasion, being taken captive, Madoc released him, but he continued the unrelenting foe of Madoc and his new colony, and was always foremost in working them evil. When at length the Aztecas, being overcome, migrated to Mexico, Tlalala refused to quit the spot of his father’s tomb, and threw himself on his own javelin.--Southey, _Madoc_ (1805).

=Toad-Eater= (_Pulteney’s_). Henry Vane was so called in 1742, by Sir Robert Walpole. Two years later, Sarah Fielding, in _David Simple_, speaks of “toad-eater” as “quite a new word,” and she suggests that it is “a metaphor taken from a mountebank’s boy eating toads in order to show his master’s skill in expelling poison,” and “built on a supposition that people who are in a state of dependence are forced to do the most nauseous things to please and humor their patrons.”

=Tobo´so= (_Dulcinĕa del_), the lady chosen by Don Quixote for his particular paragon. Sancho Panza says she was “a stout-built, sturdy wench, who could pitch the bar as well as any young fellow in the parish.” The knight had been in love with her before he took to errantry. She was Aldonza Lorenzo, the daughter of Lorenzo Corchuelo and Aldonza Nogalês; but when Signior Quixāda assumed the dignity of knighthood, he changed the name and style of his lady into Dulcinea del Tobōso, which was more befitting his rank.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. i. 1 (1605).

=Toby=, waiter of the Spa hotel, St. Ronan’s, kept by Sandie Lawson.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan’s Well_ (time, George III.).

_Toby_, a brown Rockingham-ware beer jug, with the likeness of Toby Filpot embossed on its sides, “a goodly jug of well-browned clay, fashioned into the form of an old gentleman, atop of whose bald head was a fine froth answering to his wig” (ch. iv.).

Gabriel lifted Toby to his mouth, and took a hearty draught.--C. Dickens, _Master Humphrey’s Clock_ (“Barnaby Rudge,” xli., 1841).

_Toby_, Punch’s dog, in the puppet-show exhibition of _Punch and Judy_.

In some versions of the great drama of _Punch_, there is a small dog (a modern innovation), supposed to be the private property of that gentleman, and of the name of Toby--always Toby. This dog has been stolen in youth from another gentleman, and fraudulently sold to the confiding hero who, having no guile himself, has no suspicion that it lurks in others; but Toby, entertaining a grateful recollection of his old master, and scorning to attach himself to any new patron, not only refuses to smoke a pipe at the bidding of Punch but (to mark his old fidelity more strongly) seizes him by the nose, and wrings the same with violence, at which instance of canine attachment the spectators are always deeply affected.--C. Dickens.

_Toby_, in the periodical called _Punch_, is represented as a grave, consequential, sullen, unsocial pug, perched on back volumes of the national Menippus, which he guards so stolidly that it would need a very bold heart to attempt to filch one. There is no reminiscence in this Toby, like that of his peep-show namesake, of any previous master, and no aversion to his present one. Punch himself is the very beau-ideal of good-natured satire and far-sighted shrewdness, while his dog (the very Diogĕnês of his tribe) would scorn his nature if he could be made to smile at anything.

⁂ The first cover of immortal _Punch_ was designed by A. S. Henning; the present one by Richard Doyle.

_Toby_ (_Uncle_), a captain, who was wounded at the siege of Namur, and was obliged to retire from the service. He is the impersonation of kindness, benevolence, and simple-heartedness; his courage is undoubted, his gallantry delightful for its innocence and modesty. Nothing can exceed the grace of Uncle Toby’s love-passages with the Widow Wadman. It is said that Lieutenant Sterne (father of the novelist), was the prototype of Uncle Toby.--Sterne, _Tristram Shandy_ (1759).

My Uncle Toby is one of the finest compliments ever paid to human nature. He is the most unoffending of God’s creatures, or, as the French would express it, _un tel petit bonhomme_. Of his bowling-green, his sieges, and his amours, who would say or think anything amiss?--Hazlitt.

=Toby Veck=, ticket-porter and jobman, nicknamed “Trotty” from his trotting pace. He was “a weak, small, spare man,” who loved to earn his money, and heard the chimes ring words in accordance with his fancy, hopes, and fears. After a dinner of tripe, he lived for a time in a sort of dream, and woke up on New Year’s day to dance at his daughter’s wedding.--C. Dickens, _The Chimes_ (1844).

=Todd= (_Laurie_), a poor Scotch nailmaker, who emigrates to America, and, after some reverses of fortune, begins life again as a backwoodsman, and greatly prospers.--Galt, _Laurie Todd_.

=Tod´gers= (_Mrs._), proprietress of a “commercial boarding-house;” weighed down with the overwhelming cares of sauces, gravy, and the wherewithal of providing for her lodgers. Mrs. Todgers had a soft heart for Mr. Pecksniff, widower, and being really kind-hearted, befriended poor Mercy Pecksniff in her miserable married life with her brutal husband, Jonas Chuzzlewit.--C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).

=Tofa´na=, of Palermo, a noted poisoner, who sold a tasteless, colorless poison, called the _Manna of St. Nicola of Bara_, but better known as _Aqua Tofana_. Above 600 persons fell victims to this fatal drug. She was discovered in 1659, and died 1730.

La Spara or Hieronyma Spara, about a century previously, sold an “elixir” equally fatal. The secret was ultimately revealed to her father confessor.

=Tofts= (_Mistress_), a famous singer towards the close of the eighteenth century. She was very fond of cats, and left a legacy to twenty of the tabby tribe.

Not Niobê mourned more for fourteen brats, Nor Mistress Tofts, to leave her twenty cats. Peter Pindar [Dr. Wolcot], _Old Simon_ (1809).

=Toinette=, a confidential female servant of Argan, the _malade imaginaire_. “Adroite, soigneuse, diligente, et surtout fidèle,” but contractious, and always calling into action her master’s irritable temper. In order to cure him, she pretends to be a travelling physician of about 90 years of age, although she has not seen twenty-six summers; and in the capacity of a Galen, declares M. Argan is suffering from lungs, recommends that one arm should be cut off, and one eye taken out to strengthen the remaining one. She enters into a plot to open the eyes of Argan to the real affection of Angelique (his daughter), the false love of her stepmother, and to marry the former to Cléante, the man of her choice, in all which schemes she is fully successful.--Molière, _Le Malade Imaginaire_ (1673).

=Toison d’Or=, chief herald of Burgundy.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_, and _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Toki=, the Danish William Tell. Saxo Grammaticus, a Danish writer of the twelfth century, tells us that Toki once boasted, in the hearing of Harald Bluetooth, that he could hit an apple with his arrow off a pole; and the Danish Gessler set him to try his skill by placing an apple on the head of the archer’s son (twelfth century).

=Tolande of Anjou=, a daughter of old King Réné of Provence, and sister of Margaret of Anjou (wife of Henry VI. of England).--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Tolbooth= (_The_), the principal prison of Edinburgh.

The Tolbooth felt defrauded of his charms If Jeffrey died, except within her arms. Byron, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_ (1809).

Lord Byron refers to the “duel” between Francis Jeffrey, editor of the _Edinburgh Review_, and Thomas Moore, the poet, at Chalk Farm, in 1806. The duel was interrupted, and it was then found that neither of the pistols contained a bullet.

Can none remember the eventful day, That ever-glorious, almost fatal fray, When Little’s [_Thomas Moore_] leadless pistol met his eye, And Bow Street myrmidons stood laughing by? Ditto.

=Tolme´tes= (3 _syl._), Foolhardiness personified in _The Purple Island_, fully described in canto viii. His companions were Arrogance, Brag, Carelessness, and Fear. (Greek, _tolmêtês_, “a foolhardy man.”)

Thus ran the rash Tolmetes, never viewing The fearful fiends that duly him attended ... Much would he boldly do, but much more boldly vaunt. P. Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, viii. (1633).

=Tom=, “the Portugal dustman,” who joined the allied army against France in the war of the Spanish Succession.--Dr. Arbuthnot, _History of John Bull_ (1712).

_Tom_, one of the servants of Mr. Peregrine Lovel, “with a good deal of surly honesty about him.” Tom is no sneak, and no tell-tale, but he refuses to abet Philip, the butler, in sponging on his master, and wasting his property in riotous living. When Lovel discovers the state of affairs, and clears out his household, he retains Tom, to whom he entrusts the cellar and the plate.--Rev. J. Townley, _High Life Below Stairs_ (1750).

=Tom Folio=, Thomas Rawlinson, the bibliopolist (1681-1725).

=Tom Jones= (1 _syl._), a model of generosity, openness, and manly spirit, mixed with dissipation. Lord Byron calls him “an accomplished blackguard” (_Don Juan_, xiii. 110, 1824).--Fielding, _Tom Jones_ (1749).

A hero with a flawed reputation, a hero sponging for a guinea, a hero who cannot pay his landlady, and is obliged to let his honor out to hire, is absurd, and the claim of Tom Jones to heroic rank is quite untenable.--Thackeray.

=Tom Long=, the hero of an old tale, entitled _The Merry Conceits of Tom Long, the Carrier, being many Pleasant Passages and Mad Pranks which he observed in his Travels_. This tale was at one time amazingly popular.

=Tom Scott=, Daniel Quilp’s boy, Tower Hill. Although Quilp was a demon incarnate, yet “between the boy and the dwarf there existed a strange kind of mutual liking.” Tom was very fond of standing on his head, and on one occasion Quilp said to him, “Stand on your head again, and I’ll cut one of your feet off.”

The boy made no answer, but directly Quilp had shut himself in, stood on his head before the door, then walked on his hands to the back, and stood on his head there, then to the opposite side and repeated the performance.... Quilp, knowing his disposition, was lying in wait at a little distance, armed with a large piece of wood, which, being rough and jagged, and studded with broken nails, might possibly have hurt him, if it had been thrown at him.--C. Dickens, _The Old Curiosity Shop_, v. (1840).

=Tom Thumb=, the name of a very diminutive little man in the court of King Arthur, killed by the poisonous breath of a spider, in the reign of King Thunstone, the successor of Arthur. In the Bodleian Library there is a ballad about Tom Thumb, which was printed in 1630. Richard Johnson wrote in prose, _The History of Tom Thumbe_, which was printed in 1621. In 1630, Charles Perrault published his tale called _Le Petit Poucet_. Tom Thumb is introduced by Drayton in his _Nymphidia_ (1563-1631).

“Tom” in this connection is the Swedish _tomt_ (“a nix or dwarf”), as in _Tomptgubbe_ (“a brownie or kobold”); the final t is silent, and the tale is of Scandinavian origin.

_Tom Thumb_, a burlesque opera, altered by Kane O’Hara (author of _Midas_), in 1778, from a dramatic piece by Fielding, the novelist (1730). Tom Thumb, having killed the giants, falls in love with Huncamunca, daughter of King Arthur. Lord Grizzle wishes to marry the princess, and when he hears that the “pygmy giant-queller” is preferred before him, his lordship turns traitor, invests the palace “at the head of his rebellious rout,” and is slain by Tom. Then follows the bitter end: A red cow swallows Tom, the queen, Dollallolla, kills Noodle, Frizaletta kills the queen, Huncamunca kills Frizaletta, Doodle kills Huncamunca, Plumantê kills Doodle, and the king, being left alone, stabs himself. Merlin now enters, commands the red cow to “return our England’s Hannibal,” after which the wise wizard restores all the slain ones to life again, and thus “jar ending,” each resolves to go home “and make a night on’t.”

=Tom Tiddler’s Ground=, a nook in a rustic by-road, where Mr. Mopes, the hermit, lived, and had succeeded in laying it waste. In the middle of the plot was a ruined hovel, without one patch of glass in the windows, and with no plank or beam that had not rotted or fallen away. There was a slough of water, a leafless tree or two, and plenty of filth. Rumor said that Tom Mopes had murdered his beautiful wife from jealousy, and had abandoned the world. Mr. Traveller tried to reason with him, and bring him back to social life, but the tinker replied, “When iron is thoroughly rotten you cannot botch it, do what you may.”--C. Dickens, _A Christmas Number_ (1861).

=Tom Tiler and His Wife=, a transition play between a morality and a tragedy (1578).

=Tom Tipple=, a highwayman in Captain Macheath’s gang. Peachum calls him “a guzzling, soaking sot, always too drunk to stand himself or to make others stand. A cart,” he says, “is absolutely necessary for him.”--Gray, _The Beggar’s Opera_, i. (1727).

=Tom Tram=, the hero of a novel entitled _The Mad Pranks of Tom Tram, Son-in-Law to Mother Winter, whereunto is added His Merry Jests, Odd Conceits and Pleasant Tales_ (seventeenth century).

All your wits that fleer and sham, Down from Don Quixote to Tom Tram. Prior.

=Tom-a-Thrum=, a sprite which figures in the fairy tales of the Middle Ages; a “queer-looking little auld man,” whose chief exploits were in the vaults and cellars of old castles. John Skelton, speaking of the clergy, says:

Alas! for very shame, some cannot declyne their name; Some cannot scarsly rede, And yet will not drede For to kepe a cure.... As wyse as Tom-a-Thrum. _Colyn Clout_ (time, Henry VIII.).

=Tom o’ Bedlam=, a ticket-of-leave madman from Bethlehem Hospital, or one discharged as incurable.

=Tom of Ten Thousand=, Thomas Thynne; so called from his great wealth. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, but why, the then dean has not thought fit to leave on record.

=Tom the Piper=, one of the characters in the ancient morris-dance, represented with a tabor, tabor-stick and pipe. He carried a sword and shield, to denote his rank as a “squire minstrel.” His shoes were brown; his hose red and “gimp-thighed;” his hat or cap, red, turned up with yellow, and adorned with a feather; his doublet blue, the sleeves being turned up with yellow; and he wore a yellow cape over his shoulders. (See MORRIS-DANCE.)

=Tom Turner= (_Mrs._), unsophisticated country dame, whose head is turned by the feigned devotion of a man to whom “flirting is a part of daily existence.” “Mrs. Tom” dresses flashily, in imitation of the butterflies of fashion whom she meets in her new career as a woman of the world, affects airs and graces foreign to her nature, and plays the fool generally until shocked into her senses by a letter from her quiet, commonplace husband, telling her that he “has gone away and that she will not see him again.” She follows him, entreats forgiveness, returns to home and plain living, and, as a characteristic penance, wears her gaudy costumes out as everyday gowns. There were thirty of them at first. “I’ve worn them all almost out. When I get to the end of them I’ll have my own things again.”--H. C. Bunner, _Mrs. Tom’s Spree_ (1891).

=Tomahourich= (_Muhme Janet of_), an old sibyl, aunt of Robin Oig M’Combich, the Highland drover.--Sir W. Scott, _The Two Drovers_ (time, George III.).

=Tom´alin=, a valiant fairy knight, kinsman of King Obĕron. Tomălin is not the same as “Tom Thumb,” as we are generally but erroneously told, for in the “mighty combat” Tomalin backed Pigwiggen, while Tom Thum or Thumb, seconded King Oberon. This fairy battle was brought about by the jealousy of Oberon, who considered the attentions of Pigwiggen to Queen Mab were “far too nice.”--M. Drayton, _Nymphidia_ (1563-1631).

=Tomb= (_Knight of the_), James, earl of Douglas in disguise.

His armor was ingeniously painted so as to represent a skeleton; the ribs being constituted by the corselet and its back-piece. The shield represented an owl with its wings spread--a device which was repeated upon the helmet, which appeared to be completely covered by an image of the same bird of ill omen. But that which was particularly calculated to excite surprise in the spectator was the great height and thinness of the figure.--Sir W. Scott, _Castle Dangerous_, xiv. (time, Henry I.).

=Tomboy= (_Priscilla_), a self-willed, hoydenish, ill-educated romp, of strong animal spirits, and wholly unconventional. She is a West Indian, left under the guardianship of Barnacle, and sent to London for her education. Miss Priscilla Tomboy lives with Barnacle’s brother, old [Nicholas] Cockney, a grocer, where she plays boy-and-girl love with young Walter Cockney, which consists chiefly in pettish quarrels and personal insolence. Subsequently she runs off with Captain Sightly, but the captain behaves well by presenting himself next day to the guardian, and obtaining his consent to marriage.--_The Romp_ (altered from Bickerstaff’s _Love in the City_).

=Tomès= [_Tō-may_], one of the five physicians called in by Sganarelle to consult on the malady of his daughter, Lucinde (2 _syl._). Being told that a coachman he was attending was dead and buried, the doctor asserted it to be quite impossible, as the coachman had been ill only six days, and Hippocrătês had positively stated that the disorder would not come to its height till the fourteenth day. The five doctors meet in consultation, talk of the town gossip, their medical experience, their visits, anything, in short, except the patient. At length the father enters to inquire what decision they had come to. One says Lucinde must have an emetic, M. Tomès says she must be blooded; one says an emetic will be her death, the other that bleeding will infallibly kill her.

_M. Tomès_, Si vous ne faites saigner tout à l’heure votre fille, c’est une personne morte.

_M. Desfonandrès_, Si vous la faites saigner, elle ne sera pas en vie dans un quart-d’-heure.

And they quit the house in great anger (act. ii. 4).--Molière, _L’Amour Médecin_ (1665).

=Tomkins= (_Joseph_), secret emissary of Cromwell. He was formerly Philip Hazeldine, _alias_ Master Fibbet, secretary to Colonel Desborough (one of the parliamentary commissioners).--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).

=Tom´yris=, queen of the Massagētæ. She defeated Cyrus, who had invaded her kingdom, and, having slain him, threw his head into a vessel filled with human blood, saying, “It was blood you thirsted for; now take your fill!”

Great bronze valves embossed with Tomyris. Tennyson, _The Princess_, v.

[_I_] was shown the seath and cruel mangling made By Tomyris on Cyrus, when she cried, “Blood thou didst thirst for; take thy fill of blood!” Dantê, _Purgatory_, xii (1308).

=Ton-Iosal= was so heavy and unwieldy that when he sat down it took the whole force of a hundred men to set him upright on his feet again.--_The Fiona_.

If Fion was remarkable for his stature, ... in weight all yielded to the celebrated Ton-Iosal.--J. Macpherson, _Dissertation on Ossian_.

=Ton-Thena= (“_fire of the wave_”), a remarkable star which guided Larthon to Ireland, as mentioned in Ossian’s _Tem´ora_, vii., and called in _Cathlin of Clutha_, “the red traveller of the clouds.”

=Tonio=, a young Tyrolese, who saved Maria, the sutler-girl, when on the point of falling down a precipice. The two, of course, fall in love with each other, and the regiment, which had adopted the sutler-girl, consents to their marriage, provided Tonio will enlist under its flag. No sooner is this done than the marchioness of Berkenfield lays claim to Maria as her daughter, and removes her to the castle. In time, the castle is besieged and taken by the very regiment into which Tonio had enlisted, and, as Tonio had risen to the rank of a French officer, the marchioness consents to his marriage with her daughter.--Donizetti, _La Figlia del Reggimento_ (1840).

=Tonna= (_Mrs._), Charlotte Elizabeth (1792-1846).

=Tonto= (_Don Cherubin_), canon of Tole´do, the weakest mortal in the world, though, by his smirking air, you would fancy him a wit. When he hears a delicate performance read, he listens with such attention as seems full of intelligence, but all the while he understands nothing of the matter.--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, v. 12 (1724).

=Tonton=, the smallest dog that ever existed. When the three princes of a certain king were sent to procure the tiniest dog they could find, as a present to their aged father, the White Cat gave the youngest of them a dog, so small that it was packed in wadding in a common acorn shell.

As soon as the acorn was opened, they all saw a little dog laid in cotton, and so small it might jump through a finger-ring without touching it.... It was a mixture of several colors; its ears and long hair reached to the ground. The prince set it on the ground, and forthwith the tiny creature began to dance a saraband with castanets.--Comtesse D’Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ (“The White Cat,” 1682)

=Tony Lumpkin=, a young booby, fond of practical jokes, and low company. He was the son of Mrs. Hardcastle by her first husband.--Goldsmith, _She Stoops to Conquer_ (1773).

=Tony Tyler=, on the editorial staff of the _Tecumseh Chronicle_. “He knows about eighteen hundred times as much as Samboye (managing editor) does, only somehow, he hasn’t the faculty of putting it on paper. Too much whiskey!”--Harold Frederic, Seth’s Brother’s Wife (1886).

=Toodle=, engine-fireman, an honest fellow, very proud of his wife, Polly, and her family.

_Polly Toodle_, known by the name of Richards, wife of the stoker. Polly was an apple-faced woman, and was mother of a large, apple-faced family. This jolly, homely, kind-hearted matron was selected as the nurse of Paul Dombey, and soon became devotedly attached to Paul and his sister, Florence.

_Robin Toodle_, known as “The Biler,” or “Rob the Grinder,” eldest son of Mrs. Toodle, wet-nurse of Paul Dombey. Mr. Dombey gets Robin into an institution called “The Charitable Grinders,” where the worst part of the boy’s character is freely developed. Robin becomes a sneak, and enters the service of James Carker, manager of the firm of Dombey and Son. On the death of Carker, Robin enters the service of Miss Lucretia Tox.--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).

=Toom Tabard= (“_empty jacket_”), a nickname given to John Balliol, because his appointment to the sovereignty of Scotland was an empty name. He had the royal robe or jacket, but nothing else (1259, 1292-1314).

=Tooth Worshipped= (_A_). The people of Ceylon worship the tooth of an elephant; those of Malabar, the tooth of a monkey. The Siamese once offered a Portuguese 700,000 ducats for the redemption of a monkey’s tooth.

=Tooth-picks.= The Romans used tooth-picks made of mastic wood, in preference to quills; hence, Rabelais says that Prince Gargantua “picked his teeth with mastic tooth-pickers” (s’escuroit les dents avecques ung trou de lentisce), bk. i. 23.

Lentiscum melius; sed si tibi frondea cuspis Defuerit, dentes, penna, levare potes. Martial, _Epigrams_, xx. 24.

=Toots= (_Mr._), an innocent, warm-hearted young man, just burst from the bonds of Dr. Blimber’s school, and deeply in love with Florence Dombey. He is famous for blushing, refusing what he longs to accept, and for saying, “Oh, it is of no consequence.” Being very nervous, he never appears to advantage, but in the main, “there were few better fellows in the world.”

“I assure you,” said Mr. Toots, “really I am dreadfully sorry, but it’s of no consequence.”--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_, xxviii. (1846).

=Topas= (_Sir_), a native of Poperyng, in Flanders; a capital sportsman, archer, wrestler, and runner. Chaucer calls him “Sir Thopas” (_q.v._).

_Topas_ (_Sir_). Sir Charles Dilke was so called by the _Army and Navy Gazette_, November 25, 1871 (1810-1869).

=Topham= (_Master Charles_), usher of the black rod.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).

=Topsy=, a young slave-girl, who never knew whether she had either father or mother, and being asked by Miss Ophelia St. Clare, how she supposed she came into the world, replied, “I ’spects I growed.”--Harriet Beecher Stowe, _Uncle Tom’s Cabin_ (1852).

=Tor= (_Sir_), the natural son of King Pellinore, and the wife of Aries, the cowherd. He was the first of the knights of the Round Table.--Sir. T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 24 (1470).

=Toralva= (_The licentiate_), mounted on a cane, was conveyed through the air with his eyes shut; in twelve hours he arrived at Rome, and the following morning returned to Madrid. During his flight he opened his eyes once, and found himself so near the moon that he could have touched it with his finger.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II. iii. 5 (1615). (See TORRALBA.)

=Tordenskiol= [_Tor´.den.skole_], or the “Thunder-Shield.” So Peder Wessel, vice-admiral of Denmark (in the reign of Christian V.), was called. He was brought up as a tailor, and died in a duel.

From Denmark thunders Tordenskiol; Let each to heaven commend his soul, And fly. Longfellow, _King Christian_ [_V._].

=Torfe= (_Mr. George_), provost of Orkney.--Sir W. Scott, _The Pirate_ (time, William III.).

=Tormes= (_Lazarillo de_), by Diego Hurtado de Mendoza (sixteenth century); a kind of Gil Blas, whose adventures and roguish tricks are the first of a very popular sort of novel called the _Gusto Picaresco_. Lesage has imitated it in his _Gil Blas_, and we have numberless imitations in our own language. (See TYLL OWLYGLASS.)

The ideal Yankee, in whom European prejudice has combined the attractive traits of a Gines de Passamonte, a Joseph Surface, a Lazarillo de Tormes, a Scapin, a Thersitês, and an Autolycus.--W. H. Hurlburt.

⁂ “Gines de Passamonte,” in _Don Quixote_, by Cervantes; “Joseph Surface,” in _The School for Scandal_, by Sheridan; “Scapin,” in _Les Fourberies de Scapin_, by Molière; “Thersitês,” in Homer’s Iliad, i.; “Autolycus,” in the _Winter’s Tale_, by Shakespeare.

=Tormot=, youngest son of Torquil, of the Oak (foster-father of Eachin M’Ian).--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

=Torquato=, that is, Torquato Tasso, the Italian poet, author of _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1544-1595). After the publication of his great epic, Tasso lived in the court of Ferrara, and conceived a violent passion for Leonora, one of the duke’s sisters, but fled, in 1577, to Naples.

Torquato’s tongue Was tuned for slavish pæans at the throne Of tinsel pomp. Akenside, _Pleasures of Imagination_, ii. (1744).

=Torquil of the Oak=, foster-father of Eachin M’Ian. He was chief of the clan Quhele, and had eight sons, the finest men in the clan. Torquil was a seer, who was supposed to have communication with the invisible world, and he declared a demon had told him that Eachin or Hector M’Ian, was the only man in the two hostile clans of Chattan and Quhele who would come off scathless in the approaching combat (ch xxvi.).--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

A parallel combat is described in _The Cid_. When Sancho of Castile was stabbed by Bellĭdo of Zamora, Diego Ordoñez, of the house of Lara, challenged five of the knights of Zamora to a single combat. Don Arias Gonzalo and his four sons accepted the challenge. Pedro Arias was first slain, then his brother, Diego. Next came Herman, who received a mortal wound, but struck the charger of Diego Ordoñez. The charger, furious with pain, carried its rider beyond the lists, and the combat was declared to be drawn.

=Torralba= (_Dr._), carried by the spirit Cequiel from Valladŏlid to Rome and back again in an hour and a half. He was tried by the Inquisition for sorcery (time, Charles V.).--Joseph de Ossau Pellicer (seventeenth century). (See TORALVA.)

=Torre= (_Sir_), son of Sir Bernard, baron of Astolat. His brother was Sir Lavaine, and his sister Elaine “the lily maid of Astolat.” He was blunt-mannered, but not without kindness of heart.--Tennyson, _Idylls of the King_ (“Elaine”).

The word “Torre” is a blunder for Tirre. Sir Torre or Tor, according to Arthurian legend, was the natural son of Pellinore, king of Wales, “begotten of Aries’ wife, the cowherd” (pt. ii. 108). It was Sir Tirre who was the brother of Elaine (pt. iii. 122).--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_ (1470).

=Tor´rismond=, general of the forces of Aragon. He falls in love with Leonora, the usurping queen, promised in marriage to Bertran, prince of the blood-royal, but she falls in love with Torrismond, who turns out to be the son of Sancho, the deposed king. Ultimately Sancho is restored, and Leonora is married to Torrismond.--Dryden, _The Spanish Fryar_ (1680),

=Torso Farne´se= (3 _syl._), Dircê and her sons, the work of Apollonius and Tauriscus of Rhodes.

=Toshach Beg=, the “second” of M’Gillie Chattanach, chief of the clan Chattan, in the great combat.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

=Tottenham in Boots=, a popular toast in Ireland in 1734. Mr. Tottenham gave the casting vote which threw out a Government bill very obnoxious to the Irish, on the subject of the Irish parliament. He had come from the country, and rushed into the House, without changing his boots just in time to give his vote, which prevented the bill from passing by a majority of one.

=Totterly= (_Lord_), an Adonis of 60, and a _ci-devant Jeune Homme_.--C. Selby, _The Unfinished Gentleman_.

=Touchet= [_Too-shay_]. When Charles IX. introduced Henri of Navarre to Marie Touchet, the witty Navarrese made this anagram of her name, _Je charme tout_.

=Touchetts= (_The_). _Mrs. Touchett_, “plain-faced old woman, without coquetry, and without any great elegance, but with an extreme respect for her own motives. Mrs. Touchett might do a great deal of good, but she never pleases.” She lives in Florence, her husband in London.

_Mr. Touchett_, “a gentle, refined, fastidious old man, combining consummate shrewdness with a sort of fraternizing good humor.” His feeling about his own position in the world is of the democratic sort.

_Ralph Touchett_, philosophical invalid, whose interest in his cousin Isabel is believed by most people to be brotherly. In order that she may not feel obliged to marry for a support, he persuades his father to divide his (Ralph’s) inheritance into two equal parts and give one-half, unconditionally, to Isabel. She is married for this fortune, and, a miserable woman, comes against her husband’s will, to see her cousin die happy because she is with him.--Henry James, Jr., _Portrait of a Lady_ (1881).

=Touchfaucet= (_Captain_), in Picrochole’s army, taken captive by Friar John. Being presented to Grangousier and asked the cause of his king’s invasion, he replied, “To avenge the injury done to the cake-bakers of Lernê” (ch. 25, 26). Grangousier commanded his treasurer to give the friar 62,000 saluts (£15,500) in reward, and to Touchfaucet he gave “an excellent sword of a Vienne blade, with a gold scabbard, and a collar of gold weighing 702,000 merks (576,000 ounces), garnished with precious stones, and valued at £16,000 sterling, by way of present.” Returning to King Picrochole, he advised him to capitulate, whereupon Rashcalf cried aloud, “Unhappy the prince who has traitors for his counsellors!” and Touchfaucet, drawing “his new sword,” ran him through the body. The king demanded who gave him the sword, and being told the truth, ordered his guards “to hew him in pieces.”--Rabelais, _Gargantua_, i. 45-47 (1533).

=Touching for the King’s Evil.= It is said that scrofulous diseases were at one time very prevalent in the island, and that Edward the Confessor, in answer to earnest prayer, was told it would be cured by the royal touch. Edward, being gifted with this miraculous power, transmitted it as an heir-loom to his successors. Henry VII. presented each person touched with a small coin, called a touch-piece or touch-penny.

Charles II. of England, during his reign, touched as many as 92,107 persons; the smallest number (2983) being in the year 1669, and the largest number in 1684, when many were trampled to death (see Macaulay’s _History of England_, xiv.). In these “touchings,” John Brown, a royal surgeon, superintended the ceremony. (See _Macbeth_,