VOLUME III.

PHOTOGRAVURES AND ETCHINGS.

_Illustration_ _Artist_

DEATH OF MINNEHAHA (_colored_) W. L. DODGE MADAME CHRYSANTHÈME MEPHISTOPHELES AND FAUST A. JACOMIN MILLER (THE), HIS SON AND THE ASS EUGÈNE LEJEUNE NEWCOME (COLONEL) FREDERICK BARNARD OPHELIA MADELEINE LEMAIRE ORPHEUS G. MOREAU PECKSNIFF (MR.) FREDERICK BARNARD PENDENNIS (MAJOR) FREDERICK BARNARD

WOOD ENGRAVINGS AND TYPOGRAVURES.

MACARTHY (LAWRENCE) AND HIS SISTER ELLEN SCANLAN MACHEATH WITH LUCY AND POLLY STUART NEWTON MAIDEN (THE) AND LOVER BENCZUR-GYULA MANFRED AND ASTARTE K. LISKA MANON LESCAUT (THE BURIAL OF) P. A. J. DAGNAN-BOUVERET MANRICO AND LEONORA FERD. KELLER MANUEL (DON) DISCOVERS BEATRICE C. JAEGER MARGARET BEFORE THE MATER DOLOROSA MARIE ANTOINETTE ON HER WAY TO THE GUILLOTINE F. FLAMING MARIE MICHON (THE ADVENTURE OF) G. BOULANGER MARY (HIGHLAND) B. E. SPENCE MASANIELLO EDOUARD HAMMAN MASCARILLE (COQUELIN AS) MATHIAS (THE MESMERIST AND) ADRIEN MARIE MATTHEW (FATHER) AND SIR ROLFE W. B. DAVIS MAUPRAT (BERNARD) AND JEAN MAUPRAT MAZEPPA A. WAGNER MEDEA N. SICHEL MERMAIDENS (THE) ARNOLD BÖCKLIN METAMORA (FORREST AS) MICAWBER (MR. WILKINS) FREDERICK BARNARD MIGNON G. HOM MIRANDA AND FERDINAND R. E. PINE M'LISS EDWARD LONG MOOR (FRANZ) FR. PECHT MORLAND (CATHARINE) R. W. BUSS MOSES (PREPARING) FOR THE FAIR D. MACLISE MOYA (THE POET PEDRO DE) AND THE PLAYERS D. MACLISE MULLER (MAUD) NIOBE WITH HER CHILDREN SOLOMON J. SOLOMON NORMA AND POLLIONE ALBERT BAUER OLDBUCK (MR.) AND JENNY ROB. HERDMAN OLIVIA OLIVIA (THE RETURN OF) G. S. NEWTON ORPHEUS AND EURYDICE L. THIERSCH OTTILIA AND THE CHILD OTTOCAR (PRINCE) AND MAX EUGEN KLIMSCH PALISSY THE POTTER MRS. E. M. WARD PANGLOSS (JEFFERSON AS DOCTOR) PEGGY (MISS) AND HER FRIENDS DUDLEY HARDY PENELOPE R. VON DEUTSCH PENSEROSO (IL) J. C. HORSLEY PENTHESILEA, QUEEN OF THE AMAZONS PERI AT HEAVEN'S GATE (THE) FR. HEYSER PHARAOH AND THE BEARERS OF EVIL TIDINGS LECOMTE-DU-NOUY PHEDRA AND HIPPOLYTUS PIERRE GUÉRIN PHOEBUS DE CHATEAUPERS G. BRION PICCIOLA (CHARNEY EXAMINING) BARRIAS PIED PIPER OF HAMELIN (THE) H. KAULBACH PIZARRO BEFORE CHARLES V. PORTIA AND THE CASKETS ALEX. CABANEL PORTIA AT THE GRAVE OF THE MESSIAH H. FÜGER POSA (DON CARLOS, THE KING AND THE MARQUIS OF) FERDINAND RITTER PRISCILLA DAVIDSON KNOWLES PROMETHEUS AND THE OCEAN NYMPHS EDUARD MÜLLER PRYNNE (HESTER) H. G. BOUGHTON PSYCHE (CUPID AND) PAUL BAUDRY PSYCHE AND CHARON A. ZICK PUCK AND THE FAIRIES ARTHUR HUGHES PUSS-IN-BOOTS GUSTAVE DORÉ PYGMALION AND GALATEA JEAN RAOUX QUIXOTE (DON) IN HIS STUDY GUSTAVE DORÉ REBECCA (THE ABDUCTION OF) LÉON COGNIET RED RIDINGHOOD (LITTLE) EUGÈNE LEJEUNE REINIKE FOX BEFORE KING LION W. VON KAULBACH REINIKE FOX TO BE HUNG W. VON KAULBACH RHODOPE, THE EGYPTIAN PRINCESS FERD. KELLER RICHLAND (MISS) VISITS MR. HONEYWOOD W. P. FRITH ROB ROY PARTING RASHLEIGH AND FRANCIS OSBALDISTONE J. B. MCDONALD ROBSART (AMY) ROLAND (MADAME) ALBERT LYNCH ROLAND AT THE BATTLE OF RONCESVALLES LOUIS GUESNET ROMEO AND JULIET IN FRIAR LAWRENCE'S CELL CARL BECKER ROSE AND BLANCHE (DAGOBERT WITH) EDWARD H. CORBOULD ROUMESTAN (NUMA) EMILE BAYARD RUGGIERO ON THE HIPPOGRIFF GUSTAVE DORÉ

CHARACTER SKETCHES OF ROMANCE, FICTION, AND THE DRAMA.

=Mark Tapley=, a serving companion of Martin Chuzzlewit, who goes out with him to Eden, in North America. Mark Tapley thinks there is no credit in being jolly in easy circumstances; but when in Eden he found every discomfort, lost all his money, was swindled by every one, and was almost killed by fevers, then indeed he felt it would be a real credit “to be jolly under the circumstances.”--C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1843).

=Markham=, a gentleman in the train of the earl of Sussex.--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).

_Markham_ (_Mrs._), pseudonym of Mrs. Elizabeth Perrose[TN-1] (born Elizabeth Cartwright), authoress of _History of England_, etc.

=Markleham= (_Mrs._), the mother of Annie. Devoted to pleasure, she always maintained that she indulged in it for “Annie’s sake.” Mrs. Markleham is generally referred to as “the old soldier.”--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_ (1849).

=Marksman=, one of Fortunio’s seven attendants. He saw so clearly and to such a distance, that he generally bandaged his eyes in order to temper the great keenness of his sight.--Comtesse D’Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ (“Fortunio,” 1682).

=Marlborough= (_The duke of_), John Churchill. He was called by Marshal Turenne _Le Bel Anglais_ (1650-1722).

=Marlow= (_Sir Charles_), the kind-hearted old friend of Squire Hardcastle.

_Young Marlow_, son of Sir Charles. “Among women of reputation and virtue he is the modestest man alive; but his acquaintances give him a very different character among women of another stamp” (act i. 1). Having mistaken Hardcastle’s house for an inn, and Miss Hardcastle for the barmaid, he is quite at his ease, and makes love freely. When fairly caught, he discovers that the supposed “inn” is a private house, and the supposed barmaid is the squire’s daughter; but the ice of his shyness being broken, he has no longer any difficulty in loving according to his station.--Goldsmith, _She Stoops to Conquer_ (1773).

When Goldsmith was between 16 and 17 he set out for Edgworthstown, and finding night coming on, asked a man which was the “best house” in the town--meaning the best inn. The man pointed to the house of Sir Ralph Fetherstone (or _Mr. Fetherstone_), and Oliver, entering the parlor, found the master of the mansion sitting at a good fire. Oliver told him he desired to pass the night there, and ordered him to bring in supper. “Sir Ralph” knowing his customer, humored the joke, which Oliver did not discover till next day, when he called for his bill. (We are told in _Notes and Queries_ that Ralph Fetherstone was only _Mr._, but his grandson was _Sir Thomas_).

=Marmaduke Wharne.= Eccentric old Englishman long resident in America. Benevolent and beneficent, but gruff in manner and speech.--A. D. T. Whitney, _Leslie Goldthwaite’s Summer_ (1866).

=Marmaduke= (_Sir_). A man who has lost all earth can give--wealth, love, fame and friends, but thus comforts himself:

“I account it worth All pangs of fair hopes crossed,-- All loves and honors lost,-- To gain the heavens, at cost Of losing earth.”

Theodore Tilton, _Sir Marmaduke’s Musings_ (1867).

=Marmion.= Lord Marmion was betrothed to Constance de Beverley, but he jilted her for Lady Clare, an heiress, who was in love with Ralph de Wilton. The Lady Clare rejected Lord Marmion’s suit, and took refuge from him in the convent of St. Hilda, in Whitby. Constance took the veil in the convent of St. Cuthbert, in Holy Isle, but after a time left the convent clandestinely, was captured, taken back, and buried alive in the walls of a deep cell. In the mean time, Lord Marmion, being sent by Henry VIII. on an embassy to James IV. of Scotland, stopped at the hall of Sir Hugh de Heron, who sent a palmer as his guide. On his return, Lord Marmion commanded the abbess of St. Hilda to release the Lady Clare, and place her under the charge of her kinsman, Fitzclare of Tantallon Hall. Here she met the palmer, who was Ralph de Wilton, and as Lord Marmion was slain in the battle of Flodden Field, she was free to marry the man she loved.--Sir W. Scott, _Marmion_ (1808).

_Marmion_ (_Lord_), a descendant of Robert de Marmion, who obtained from William the Conqueror, the manor of Scrivelby, in Lincolnshire. This Robert de Marmion was the first royal champion of England, and the office remained in the family till the reign of Edward I., when in default of male issue it passed to John Dymoke, son-in-law of Philip Marmion, in whose family it remains still.

=Marnally= (_Bernard_). Good-looking Irish tutor at “Happy-go-Lucky,” a country house. He is accused of murdering the infant children of a young widow with whom he is in love, but is acquitted and goes back to Ireland. Some years later, he revisits America, meets his old love and marries her.--Miriam Coles Harris, _Happy-go-Lucky_ (1881).

=Marner= (_Silas_). Miser and misogynist in humble life, who finds a baby-girl in his cottage one night, and in bringing her up, learns to have patience with life and charity with his kind.--George Eliot, _Silas Marner_.

=Ma´ro=, Virgil, whose full name was Publius Virgilius Maro (B.C. 70-19).

Oh, were it mine with the sacred Maro’s art To wake to sympathy the feeling heart, Like him the smooth and mournful verse to dress In all the pomp of exquisite distress ... Then might I ...

Falconer, _The Shipwreck_, iii. 5 (1756).

=Mar´onites= (3 _syl._), a religious semi-Catholic sect of Syria, constantly at war with their near neighbors, the Druses, a semi-Mohammedan sect. Both are now tributaries of the sultan, but enjoy their own laws. The Maronites number about 400,000, and the Druses about half that number. The Maronites owe their name to J. Maron, their founder; the Druses to Durzi, who led them out of Egypt into Syria. The patriarch of the Maronites resides at Kanobin; the hakem of the Druses at Deir-el-kamar. The Maronites, or “Catholics of Lebanon,” differ from the Roman Catholics in several points, and have a pope or patriarch of their own. In 1860 the Druses made on them a horrible onslaught, which called forth the intervention of Europe.

=Marotte= (2 _syl._), a footman of Gorgibus; a plain bourgeois, who hates affectation. When the fine ladies of the house try to convert him into a fashionable flunky, and teach him a little grandiloquence, he bluntly tells them he does not understand Latin.

_Marotte._ Voilà un laquais qui demande si vous êtes au logis, et dit que son maître, vous venir voir.

_Madelon._ Apprenez, sotte, à vous énoncer moins vulgaiment. Dites: Voilà un nécessaire que demande si vous êtes en commodité d’etre visibles.

_Marotte._ Je n’entends point le Latin.--Molière, _Les Précieuses Ridicules_, vii. (1659).

=Marphi´sa=, sister of Roge´ro, and a female knight of amazing prowess. She was brought up by a magician, but being stolen at the age of seven, was sold to the king of Persia. When she was 18, her royal master assailed her honor; but she slew him, and usurped the crown. Marphisa went to Gaul to join the army of Agramant, but subsequently entered the camp of Charlemagne, and was baptized.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).

=Marphu´rius=, a doctor of the Pyrrhonian school. Sganarelle consults him about his marriage; but the philosopher replies, “Perhaps; it is possible; it may be so; everything is doubtful;” till at last Sganarelle beats him, and Marphurius says he shall bring an action against him for battery. “Perhaps,” replies Sganarelle; “it is possible; it may be so,” etc., using the very words of the philosopher (sc. ix.).--Molière, _Le Mariage Forcé_ (1664).

=Marplot=, “the busy body.” A blundering, good-natured, meddlesome young man, very inquisitive, too officious by half, and always bungling whatever he interferes in. Marplot is introduced by Mrs. Centlivre in two comedies, _The Busy Body_ and _Marplot in Lisbon_.

That unlucky dog Marplot ... is ever doing mischief, and yet (to give him his due) he never designs it. This is some blundering adventure, wherein he thought to show his friendship, as he calls it.--Mrs. Centlivre, _The Busy Body_, iii. 5 (1709).

⁂ This was Henry Woodward’s great part (1717-1777). His unappeasable curiosity, his slow comprehension, his annihilation under the sense of his dilemmas, were so diverting, that even Garrick confessed him the decided “Marplot” of the stage.--Boaden, _Life of Siddons_.

N. B.--William Cavendish, duke of Newcastle, brought out a free tranlation[TN-2] of Molière’s _L’Etourdi_, which he entitled _Marplot_.

=Marquis de Basqueville=, being one night at the opera, was told by a messenger that his mansion was on fire. “Eh bien,” he said to the messenger, “adressez-vous à Mme. la marquise qui est en face dans cette loge; car c’est affaire de ménage.”--Chapus, _Dieppe et ses Environs_ (1853).

=Marrall= (_Jack_), a mean-spirited, revengeful time-server. He is the clerk and tool of Sir Giles Overreach. When Marrall thinks Wellborn penniless, he treats him like a dog; but as soon as he fancies he is about to marry the wealthy dowager, Lady Allworth, he is most servile, and offers to lend him money. Marrall now plays the traitor to his master, Sir Giles, and reveals to Wellborn the scurvy tricks by which he has been cheated of his estates. When, however, he asks Wellborn to take him into his service, Wellborn replies, “He who is false to one master will betray another;” and will have nothing to say to him.--Massinger, _A New Way to Pay Old Debts_ (1628).

=Married Men of Genius.= The number of men of genius unhappy in their wives is very large. The following are notorious examples:--Socratês and Xantippê; Saadi, the Persian poet; Dantê and Gemma Donati; Milton, with Mary Powell; Marlborough and Sarah Jennings; Gustavus Adolphus and his flighty queen; Byron and Miss Milbanke; Dickens and Miss Hogarth; etc. Every reader will be able to add to the list.

=Mars=, divine Fortitude personified. Bacchus is the tutelary demon of the Mahommedans, and Mars the guardian potentate of the Christians.--Camoens, _The Lusiad_ (1569).

_That Young Mars of Men_, Edward the Black prince, who with 8,000 men defeated, at Poitiers, the French king, John, whose army amounted to 60,000--some say even more (A. D. 1356).[TN-3]

_The Mars of Men_, Henry Plantagenet, earl of Derby, third son of Henry, earl of Lancaster, and near kinsman of Edward III. (See DERBY.)

=Marse’ Chan.= Brave Virginian soldier whose lady-love enacts “My Lady Disdain” until news is brought her that he has fallen in battle. Then she grieves for him as a widow for her husband, and when she dies, she is buried by him.--Thomas Nelson Page, _In Ole Virginia_ (1887).

=Mars of Portugal= (_The_), Alfonso de Albuquerque, viceroy of India (1452-1515).

=Mars Wounded.= A very remarkable parallel to the encounter of Diŏmed and Mars in the _Iliad_, v., occurs in Ossian. Homer says that Diomed hurled his spear against Mars, which, piercing the belt, wounded the war-god in the bowels; “Loud bellowed Mars, nine thousand men, ten thousand, scarce so loud, joining fierce battle.” Then Mars ascending, wrapped in clouds, was borne upwards to Olympus.

Ossian, in _Carrick-Thura_, says that Loda, the god of his foes, came like a “blast from the mountain. He came in his terror and shook his dusky spear. His eyes were flames, and his voice like distant thunder. ‘Son of night,’ said Fingal, ‘retire. Do I fear thy gloomy form, spirit of dismal Loda? Weak is thy shield of cloud, feeble thy meteor sword.’”[TN-4] Then cleft he the gloomy shadow with his sword. It fell like a column of smoke. It shrieked. Then rolling itself up, the wounded spirit rose on the wind, and the island shook to its foundation.”

=Marseilles’ Good Bishop=, Henri François Xavier de Belsunce (1671-1775). Immortalized by his philanthropic diligence in the plague at Marseilles (1720-1722).

Charles Borromēo, archbishop of Milan a century previously (1576), was equally diligent and self-sacrificing in the plague of Milan (1538-1584).

Sir John Lawrence, lord mayor of London during the great plague, supported 40,000 dismissed servants, and deserves immortal honor.

Darwin refers to Belsunce and Lawrence in his _Loves of the Plants_, ii. 433.

=Marshal Forwards=, Blücher; so called for his dash in battle, and the rapidity of his movements, in the campaign of 1813 (1742-1819).

=Marsi=, a part of the Sabellian race, noted for Magic, and said to have been descended from Circê.

Marsis vi quadam genitali datum, ut serpentium virulentorum domitores sint, et incantationibus herbarumque succis faciant medelarum mira.--_Gellius_, xvi. 11.

=Marsig´lio=, a Saracen king, who plotted the attack upon Roland, “under the tree on which Judas hanged himself.” With a force of 600,000 men, divided into three companies, Marsiglio attacked the paladin in Roncesvallês and overthrew him; but Charlemagne, coming up, routed the Saracen, and hanged him on the very tree under which he planned the attack.--Turpin, _Chronicle_ (1122).

=Marsilia=, “who bears up great Cynthia’s train,” is the marchioness of Northampton, to whom Spenser dedicated his _Daphnaida_. This lady was Helena, daughter of Wolfgangus Swavenburgh, a Swede.

No less praiseworthy is Marsilia, Best known by bearing up great Cynthia’s train. She is the pattern of true womanhead.... Worthy next after Cynthia [_queen Elizabeth_] to tread, As she is next her in nobility.

Spenser, _Colin Clout’s Come Home Again_ (1595).

=Mar´syas=, the Phrygian flute-player. He challenged Apollo to a contest of skill, but being beaten by the god, was flayed alive for his presumption.

=Mar´tafax and Ler´mites= (3 _syl._), two famous rats brought up before the White Cat for treason, but acquitted.--Comtesse D’Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ (“The White Cat,” 1682).

=Marta´no=, a great coward, who stole the armor of Gryphon, and presented himself in it before King Norandi´no. Having received the honors due to the owner, Martano quitted Damascus with Origilla; but Aquilant unmasked the villain, and he was hanged (bks. viii., ix.).--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).

=Marteau des Heretiques=, Pierre d’Ailly; also called _L’Aigle de la France_ (1350-1420).

=Martel= (_Charles_), Charles, natural son of Pépin d’Héristal.

M. Collin de Plancy says that this “palace mayor” of France was not called “Martel” because he _martelé_ (“hammered”) the Saracens under Abd-el-Rahman in 732, but because his patron saint was _Martellus_ (or _St. Martin_).--_Bibliothèque des Légendes._

Thomas Delf, in his translation of Chevreuil’s _Principles of Harmony, etc., of Colors_ (1847), signs himself “Charles Martel.”

=Martext= (_Sir Oliver_), a vicar in Shakespeare’s comedy of _As You Like It_ (1600).

=Martha:=

“Yea, Lord! Yet man must earn And woman bake the bread; And some must watch and wake Early for other’s sake Who pray instead.”

Julia C. R. Dorr, _Afternoon Songs_ (1885).

_Martha_, sister to “The Scornful Lady” (no name given).--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Scornful Lady_ (1616).

_Martha_, the servant-girl at Shaw’s Castle.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan’s Well_ (time, George III.).

_Martha_, the old housekeeper at Osbaldistone Hall.--Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).

_Martha_, daughter of Ralph and Louise de Lascours, and sister of Diana de Lascours. When the crew of the _Urania_ rebelled, Martha, with Ralph de Lascours (the captain), Louise de Lascours, and Barabas, were put adrift in a boat, and cast on an iceberg in “the Frozen Sea.” The iceberg broke, Ralph and Louise were drowned, Barabas was picked up by a vessel, and Martha fell into the hands of an Indian tribe, who gave her the name of Orgari´ta (“withered corn”). She married Carlos, but as he married under a false name, the marriage was illegal, and when Carlos was given up to the hands of justice, Orgarita was placed under the charge of her grandmother, Mde. de Théringe, and [probably] espoused Horace de Brienne.--E. Stirling, _The Orphan of the Frozen Sea_ (1856).

_Martha_, a friend of Margaret. She makes love to Mephistophelês, with great worldly shrewdness.--Goethe, _Faust_ (1798).

_Martha, alias_ ULRICA, mother of Bertha, who is betrothed to Hereward and marries him.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).

_Martha_ (_The Abbess_), abbess of Elcho Nunnery. She is a kinswoman of the Glover family.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

_Martha_ (_Dame_), housekeeper to major Bridgenorth.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).

=Martha Hilton=, serving-maid in the household of the widowed Governor Wentworth, until, on his sixtieth birthday, he surprised the guests assembled to do him honor by wedding her in their sight.--Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, _Lady Wentworth_.

=Marthé=, a young orphan, in love with Frédéric Auvray, a young artist who loves her in return, but leaves her, goes to Rome, and falls in love with another lady, Elena, sister of the Duke Strozzi. Marthé leaves the Swiss pastor, who is her guardian, and travels in midwinter to Rome, dressed as a boy, and under the name of Piccolino. She tells her tale to Elena, who abandons the fickle, false one, and Frédéric forbids the Swiss wanderer ever again to approach him. Marthé, in despair, throws herself into the Tiber, but is rescued. Frédéric repents, is reconciled, and marries the forlorn maiden.--Mons. Guiraud, _Piccolino_ (an opera, 1875).

=Marthon=, an old cook at Arnheim Castle.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

_Marthon, alias_ RIZPAH, a Bohemian woman, attendant on the Countess Hameline of Croye.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Martian Laws= (not _Mercian_ as Wharton gives it in his _Law Dictionary_) are the laws collected by Martia, the wife of Guithelin, great grand-son of Mulmutius, who established in Britain the “Mulmutian Laws” (_q.v._). Alfred translated both these codes into Saxon-English, and called the Martian code _Pa Marchitle Lage_. These laws have no connection with the kingdom of Mercia.--Geoffrey, _British History_, iii. 13 (1142).

Guynteline, ... whose queen, ... to show her upright mind, To wise Mulmutius’ laws her Martian first did frame.

Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612).

=Martigny= (_Marie le comptesse de_), wife of the earl of Etherington.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan’s Well_ (time, George III.).

=Martin=, in Swift’s _Tale of the Tub_, is Martin Luther; “John” is Calvin; and “Peter” the pope of Rome (1704).

In Dryden’s _Hind and Panther_, “Martin” means the Lutheran party (1687).

_Martin_, the old verdurer near Sir Henry Lee’s lodge.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).

_Martin_, the old shepherd in the service of the lady of Avenel.--Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).

_Martin_, the ape in the beast-epic of _Reynard the Fox_ (1498).

_Martin_ (_Dame_), partner of Darsie Latimer at the fishers’ dance.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

_Martin_ (_Sarah_), the prison reformer of Great Yarmouth. This young woman, though but a poor dressmaker, conceived a device for the reformation of prisoners in her native town, and continued for twenty-four years her earnest and useful labor of love, acting as schoolmistress, chaplain and industrial superintendent. In 1835, Captain Williams, inspector of prisons, brought her plans before the Government, under the conviction that the nation at large might be benefitted by their practical good sense (1791-1843).

=Martin Weldeck=, the miner. His story is read by Lovel to a picnic party at St. Ruth’s ruins.--Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, George III.).

=Martine= (3 _syl._), wife of Sganarelle. She has a furious quarrel with her husband, who beats her, and she screams. M. Robert, a neighbor, interferes, says to Sganarelle, “Quelle infamie! Peste soit le coquin, de battre ainsi sa femme.” The woman snubs him for his impertinence, and says, “Je veux qu’il me battre, moi;” and Sganarelle beats him soundly for meddling with what does not concern him.--Molière, _Le Médecin Malgré Lui_ (1666).

=Martival= (_Stephen de_), a steward of the field at the tournament.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).

=Martivalle= (_Martius Galeotti_), astrologer to Louis XI. of France.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Martyr King= (_The_), Henry VI., buried at Windsor beside Edward IV.

Here o’er the Martyr King [_Henry VI._] the marble weeps. And fast beside him once-feared Edward [_IV._] sleeps; The grave unites where e’en the grave finds rest, And mingled lie the oppressor and th’opprest.

Pope.

_Martyr King_ (_The_), Charles I. of England (1600, 1625-1649).

Louis XVI. of France is also called Louis “the Martyr” (1754, 1774-1793).

=Martyrs to Science.=

Claude Louis, Count Berthollet, who tested on himself the effects of carbonic acid on the human frame, and died under the experiment (1748-1822).

Giordano Bruno, who was burnt alive for maintaining that matter is the mother of all things (1550-1600).

Galileo, who was imprisoned twice by the Inquisition for maintaining that the earth moved round the sun, and not the sun round the earth (1564-1642).

And scores of others.

=Marvellous Boy= (_The_), Thomas Chatterton (1752-1770).

I thought of Chatterton, the marvellous boy, The sleepless soul that perished in his pride.

Wordsworth.

=Marwood= (_Alice_), daughter of an old woman who called herself Mrs. Brown. When a mere girl she was concerned in a burglary and was transported. Carker, manager in the firm of Dombey and Son, seduced her, and both she and her mother determined on revenge. Alice bore a striking resemblance to Edith (Mr. Dombey’s second wife), and in fact they were cousins, for Mrs. Brown was “wife” of the brother-in-law of the Hon. Mrs. Skewton (Edith’s mother).--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).

_Marwood_ (_Mistress_), jilted by Fainall, and soured against the whole male sex. She says, “I have done hating those vipers--men, and am now come to despise them;” but she thinks of marrying to keep her husband “on the rack of fear and jealousy.”--W. Congreve, _The Way of the World_ (1700).

=Mary=, the pretty housemaid of the worshipful, the mayor of Ipswich (_Nupkins_). When Arabella Allen marries Mr. Winkle, Mary enters her service; but eventually marries Sam Weller, and lives at Dulwich, as Mr. Pickwick’s housekeeper.--C. Dickens, _The Pickwick Papers_ (1836).

_Mary_, niece of Valentine, and his sister Alice. In love with Mons. Thomas.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Mons. Thomas_ (1619).

_Mary. The queen’s Marys_, four young ladies of quality, of the same age as Mary, afterwards “queen of Scots.” They embarked with her in 1548, on board the French galleys, and were destined to be her playmates in childhood, and her companions when she grew up. Their names were Mary Beaton (or _Bethune_), Mary Livingston (or _Leuison_), Mary Fleming (or _Flemyng_), and Mary Seaton (_Seton_ or _Seyton_).

⁂ Mary Carmichael has no place in authentic history, although an old ballad says:

Yestrien the queen had four Marys; This night she’ll hae but three: There was Mary Beaton, and Mary Seaton, And Mary Carmichael, and me.

⁂ One of Whyte Melville’s novels is called _The Queen’s Marys_.

=Mary Anne=, a slang name for the guillotine; also called _L’abbaye de monte-à-regret_ (“the mountain of mournful ascent”). (See MARIANNE.)

_Mary Anne_, a generic name for a secret republican society in France. [TN-5]See MARIANNE.)--B. Disraeli, _Lothair_.

Mary Anne was the red-name for the republic years ago, and there always was a sort of myth that these secret societies had been founded by a woman.

The Mary-Anne associations, which are essentially republic, are scattered about all the provinces of France.--_Lothair._

=Mary Graham=, an orphan adopted by old Martin Chuzzlewit. She eventually married Martin Chuzzlewit, the grandson, and hero of the tale.

=Mary Scudder.= Blue-eyed daughter of a “capable” New England housewife. From childhood she has loved her cousin. Her mother objects on the ground that James is “unregenerate,” and brings Mary to accept Dr. Hopkins, her pastor. The doctor, upon discovering the truth, resigns his betrothed to the younger lover.--Harriet Beecher Stowe, _The Minister’s Wooing_ (1862).

=Mary Stuart=, an historical tragedy by J. Haynes (1840). The subject is the death of David Rizzio.

⁂ Schiller has taken Mary Stuart for the subject of a tragedy. P. Lebrun turned the German drama into a French play. Sir W. Scott, in _The Abbot_, has taken for his subject the flight of Mary to England.

=Mary Tudor.= Victor Hugo has a tragedy so called (1833), and Tennyson, in 1878, issued a play entitled _Queen Mary_, an epitome of the reign of the Tudor Mary.

=Mary and Byron.= The “Mary” of Lord Byron was Miss Chaworth. Both were under the guardianship of Mr. White. Miss Chaworth married John Musters, and Lord Byron married Miss Milbanke; both equally unfortunate. Lord Byron, in _The Dream_, refers to his love-affair with Mary Chaworth.

=Mary in Heaven= (_To_) and _Highland Mary_, lyrics addressed by Robert Burns to Mary Campbell, between whom and the poet there existed a strong attachment previous to the latter’s departure from Ayrshire to Nithsdale. _Mary Morison_, a youthful effusion, was written to the object of a prior passion. The lines in the latter

Those smiles and glances let me see, That make the miser’s treasure poor,

resembles those in _Highland Mary_--

Still o’er those scenes my mem’ry wakes, And fondly broods with miser care.

=Mary of Mode´na=, the second wife of James II. of England, and mother of “The Pretender.”

Mamma was to assume the character and stately way of the royal “Mary of Modena.”--Percy Fitzgerald, _The Parvenu Family_, iii. 239.

=Mary Queen of Scots= was confined first at Carlisle; she was removed in 1568 to Bolton; in 1569 she was confined at Tutbury, Wingfield, Tutbury, Ashby-de-la-Zouche, and Coventry; in 1570 she was removed to Tutbury, Chatsworth, and Sheffield; in 1577 to Chatsworth; in 1578 to Sheffield; in 1584 to Wingfield; in 1585 to Tutbury, Chartley, Tixhall, and Chartley; in 1586 (September 25) to Fotheringay.

⁂ She is introduced by Sir W. Scott, in his novel entitled _The Abbot_.

Schiller has taken Mary Stuart for the subject of his best tragedy, and P. Lebrun brought out in France a French version thereof (1729-1807).

_Mary queen of Scots._ The most elegant and poetical compliment ever paid to woman was paid to Mary queen of Scots, by Shakespeare, in _Midsummer Night’s Dream_. Remember, the _mermaid_ is “Queen Mary;” the _dolphin_ means the “dauphin of France,” whom Mary married; the _rude sea_ means the “Scotch rebels;” and the _stars that shot from their spheres_ means “the princes who sprang from their allegiance to Queen Elizabeth.”

Thou remember’st Since once I sat upon a promontory, And heard a _mermaid_, on a _dolphin’s_ back, Uttering such dulcet and harmonious breath, That the _rude sea_ grew civil at her song; And certain _stars shot madly from their spheres_, To hear the sea-maid’s music.