Act i. 5.

Louis degraded this ethereal spirit into a “soiled dove,” and when she fled to a convent to quiet remorse, he fetched her out and took her to Versailles. Wholly unable to appreciate such love as that of La Vallière, he discarded her for Mde. de Montespan, and bade La Vallière marry some one. She obeyed the selfish monarch in word, by taking the veil of a Carmelite nun.—Lord Lytton, _The Duchess de la Vallière_ (1836).

_Louis XIV. and his Coach_. It was Lord Stair and not the duke of Chesterfield whom the _Grand Monarque_ commended for his tact in entering the royal carriage before his majesty, when politely bidden by him so to do.

=Louis XVIII.=, nicknamed _Des-huî-tres_, because he was a great feeder, like all the Bourbons, and especially fond of oysters. Of course the pun is on _dixhuit_ (18).

As in the case of Louis IX.(_q.v._), the sum of the figures which designate the birth-date of Louis XVIII. give his titular number. Thus, he was born in 1755, which added together equal 18.

=Louis Philippe=, of France. It is somewhat curious that the year of his birth, or the year of the queen’s birth, or the year of his flight, added to the year of his coronation, will give the year 1848, the date of his abdication. He was born 1773, his queen was born 1782, his flight was in 1809; whence we get:

1830 1830 1830 year of coronation. 1 } 1 } 1 } 7 } birth. 7 } queen’s 8 } flight. 7 } 8 } birth. 0 } 3 } 2 } 9 } —— —— —— 1848 1848 1848 year of abdication.

(See NAPOLEON III. for a somewhat similar coincidence).

=Louisa=, daughter of Don Jerome, of Seville, in love with Don Antonio. Her father insists on her marrying Isaac Mendoza, a Portuguese Jew, and, as she refuses to obey him, he determines to lock her up in her chamber. In his blind rage, he makes a great mistake, for he locks up the duenna, and turns his daughter out of doors. Isaac arrives, is introduced to the locked-up lady, elopes with her, and marries her. Louisa takes refuge in St. Catherine’s Convent, and writes to her father for his consent to her marriage with the man of her choice. As Don Jerome takes it for granted she means Isaac, the Jew, he gives his consent freely. At breakfast-time it is discovered by the old man that Isaac has married the duenna, and Louisa, Don Antonio; but Don Jerome is well pleased and fully satisfied.—Sheridan, _The Duenna_ (1775).

Mrs. Mattocks (1745-1826) was the first “Louisa.”

_Louisa_, daughter of Russet, bailiff to the duchess. She was engaged to Henry, a private in the king’s army. Hearing a rumor of gallantry to the disadvantage of her lover, she consented to put his love to the test by pretending that she was about to marry Simkin. When Henry heard thereof, he gave himself up as a deserter, and was condemned to death. Louisa then went to the king to explain the whole matter, and returned with the young man’s pardon just as the muffled drums began the death march.—Dibdin, _The Deserter_ (1770).

=Louise=, (2 _syl._), the glee-maiden.—Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

=Louise= [=de Lascours=], wife of Ralph, captain of the _Uran´ia_, and mother of Martha (afterwards called Orgari´ta). Louise de Lascours sailed with her infant daughter and her husband in the _Urania_. Louise and the captain were drowned by the breaking up of an iceberg; but Martha was rescued by some wild Indians, who brought her up, and called her name Orgarita (“withered wheat”).—E. Stirling, _Orphan of the Frozen Sea_ (1856).

=Louisiana= (_Rogers_). Pretty, untrained daughter of a plain planter. A city woman takes a fancy to try an experiment upon her, invites her to visit her at the Springs, coaches her in etiquette and conceals her name and origin. Louisiana confides the result to the father of whom she has been ashamed:

“I was not bad quite enough to see them cast a slight on _you_.... I told them the truth—that you were my father, and that I loved you and was proud of you—that I might be ashamed of myself and all the rest, but not of you—never of you—for I wasn’t worthy to kiss your feet!”—Frances Hodgson Burnett, _Louisiana_ (1889).

=Loupgarou=, leader of the army of giants in alliance with the Dipsodes (2 _syl._). As he threatened to make mincemeat of Pantag´ruel, the prince gave him a kick which overthrew him, then, lifting him up by his ankles, he used him a quarter-staff. Having killed all the giants in the hostile army, Pantagruel flung the body of Loupgarou on the ground, and by so doing crushed a tom-cat, a tabby, a duck, and a brindled goose.—Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. 29 (1533).

=Louponheight= (_The young laird of_), at the ball at Middlemas.—Sir W. Scott, _The Surgeon’s Daughter_ (time, George II.).

=Lourdis=, an idiotic scholar of Sorbonne.

De la Sorbonne un Docteur amoureux Disoit ung jour à sa dame rebelle; “Je ne puis rien meriter de vous, belle” ... Arguo sic: “Si magister Lourdis De sa Catin meriter ne peut rien; Ergo ne peut meriter paradis, Car, pour le moins, paradis la vaut bien.” Marot, _Epigram_.

When Doctor Lourdis cried, in humble spirit, The hand of Kath’rine he could never merit, “Then heaven to thee,” said Kate, “can ne’er be given, For less my worth, you must allow, than heaven.”

=Lourie= (_Tam_), the innkeeper at Marchthorn.—Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan’s Well_ (time, George II.).

=Love=, patient, meek wife of Freedom Wheeler, who sinks—still meekly—into the grave, after disappointing him in his desire to have a son called by his and his father’s name.—Rose Terry Cooke, _Freedom Wheeler’s Controversy_.

_Love_, a drama by S. Knowles (1840). The Countess Catherine is taught by a serf named Huon, who is her secretary, and falls in love with him; but her pride struggles against such an unequal match. The duke, her father, hearing of his daughter’s love, commands Huon, on pain of death, to marry Catherine, a freed serf. He refuses; but the countess herself bids him obey. He plights his troth to Catherine, supposing it to be Catherine, the quondam serf, rushes to the wars, obtains great honors, becomes a prince, and then learns that the Catherine he has wed is the duke’s daughter.

_Love_, or rather affection, according to Plato, is disposed in the liver.

Within, some say, Love hath his habitation; Not Cupid’s self, but Cupid’s better brother; For Cupid’s self dwells with a lower nation, But this, more sure, much chaster than the other. Ph. Fletcher, _The Purple Island_ (1633).

_Love_. “_Man’s_ love is of man’s life a thing apart; ’tis _woman’s_ whole existence.”—Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 194 (1819).

_Love_.

’Tis better to have loved and lost, Than never to have loved at all. Tennyson, _In Memoriam_, xxvii.

Thomas Moore, in his _Irish Melodies_, expresses an opposite opinion:

Better far to be In endless darkness lying Than be in light and see That light forever flying. _All that’s Bright must Fade_.

_Love_. _All for Love or the World Well Lost_, a tragedy by Dryden, on the same subject as Shakespeare’s _Antony and Cleopatra_ (1679).

=Love á-la-Mode=, by C. Macklin (1779). The “love _à-la-mode_” is that of fortune-hunters. Charlotte Goodchild is courted by a Scotchman “of ponderous descent,” an Italian Jew broker of great fortune, and an Irishman in the Prussian army. It is given out that Charlotte has lost her money through the bankruptcy of Sir Theodore Goodchild, her guardian. Upon this, the _à-la-mode_ suitors withdraw, and leave Sir Callaghan O’Brallaghan, the true lover, master of the situation. The tale about the bankruptcy is, of course, a mere myth.

=Love-Chase= (_The_), a drama by S. Knowles (1837). Three lovers chased three beloved ones, with a view to marriage. (1) Waller loves Lydia, lady’s maid to Widow Green, but in reality the sister of Trueworth. She quitted home to avoid a hateful marriage, and took service for the nonce with Widow Green. (2) Wildrake loves Constance, daughter of Sir William Fondlove. (3) Sir William Fondlove, aged 60, loves Widow Green, aged 40. The difficulties to be overcome were these: The social position of Lydia galled the aristocratic pride of Waller, but love won the day. Wildrake and Constance sparred with each other, and hardly knew they loved till it dawned upon them that each might prefer some other, and then they felt that the loss would be irreparable. Widow Green set her heart on marrying Waller; but as Waller preferred Lydia, she accepted Sir William for better or worse.

=Love Doctor= (_The_), _L’Amour Médecin_, a comedy by Molière (1665). Lucinde, the daughter of Sganarelle, is in love, and the father calls in four doctors to consult upon the nature of her malady. They see the patient, and retire to consult together, but talk about Paris, about their visits, about the topics of the day; and when the father enters to know what opinion they have formed, they all prescribe different remedies, and pronounce different opinions. Lisette then calls in a “quack” doctor (Clitandre, the lover), who says that he must act on the imagination, and proposes a seeming marriage, to which Sganarelle assents, saying, “Voila un grand médecin.” The assistant, being a notary, Clitandre and Lucinde are formally married.

⁂ This comedy is the basis of the _Quack Doctor_, by Foote and Bickerstaff, only in the English version Mr. Ailwood is the patient.

=Love in a Village=, an opera by Isaac Bickerstaff. It contains two plots: the loves of Rosetta and young Meadows, and the loves of Lucinda and Jack Eustace. The entanglement is this: Rosetta’s father wanted her to marry young Meadows, and Sir William Meadows wanted his son to marry Rosetta; but as the young people had never seen each other, they turned restive and ran away. It so happened that both took service with Justice Woodcock—Rosetta as chamber-maid, and Meadows as gardener. Here they fell in love with each other, and ultimately married, to the delight of all concerned. The other part of the plot is this:

Lucinda was the daughter of Justice Woodcock, and fell in love with Jack Eustace while nursing her sick mother, who died. The justice had never seen the young man, but resolutely forbade the connection; whereupon Jack Eustace entered the house as a music-master, and, by the kind offices of friends, all came right at last.

=Love Makes a Man=, a comedy concocted by Colley Cibber, by welding together two of the comedies of Beaumont and Fletcher, viz., the _Elder Brother_ and the _Custom of the Country_. Carlos, a young student (son of Antonio), sees Angelina, the daughter of Charino, and falls in love with her. His character instantly changes, and the modest, diffident bookworm becomes energetic, manly, and resolute. Angelina is promised by her father to Clodio, a coxcomb, the younger brother of Carlos; but the student elopes with her. They are taken captives, but meet after several adventures, and become duly engaged. Clodio, who goes in search of the fugitives, meets with Elvira, to whom he engages himself, and thus leaves the field open to his brother Carlos.

=Love’s Labor’s Lost.= Ferdinand, king of Navarre, with three lords named Biron, Dumain, and Longaville, agreed to spend three years in study, during which time no woman was to approach the court. Scarcely had they signed the compact, when the princess of France, attended by Rosaline, Maria, and Katharine, besought an interview respecting certain debts said to be due from the king of France to the king of Navarre. The four gentlemen fell in love with the four ladies: the king with the princess, Biron with Rosaline, Longaville with Maria, and Dumain with Katharine. In order to carry their suits, the four gentlemen, disguised as Muscovites, presented themselves before the ladies; but the ladies, being warned of the masquerade, disguised themselves also, so that the gentlemen in every case addressed the wrong lady. However, it was at length arranged that the suits should be deferred for twelve months and a day; and if, at the expiration of that time, they remained of the same mind, the matter should be taken into serious consideration.—Shakespeare, _Love’s Labor’s Lost_ (1594).

=Loves of the Angels=, the stories of three angels, in verse, by T. Moore (1822). The stories are founded on the Eastern tale of _Harût and Marût_, and the rabbinical fictions of the loves of _Uzziel and Shamchazai._

1. The first angel fell in love with Lea, whom he saw bathing. She returned love for love, but his love was carnal, her’s heavenly. He loved the woman, she loved the angel. One day, the angel told her the spell-word which opens the gates of heaven. She pronounced it, and rose through the air into paradise, while the angel became imbruted, being no longer an angel of light, but “of the earth, earthy.”

2. The second angel was Rubi, one of the seraphs. He fell in love with Liris, who asked him to come in all his celestial glory. He did so; and she, rushing into his arms, was burnt to death; but the kiss she gave him became a brand on his face for ever.

3. The third angel was Zaraph, who loved Nama. It was Nama’s desire to love without control, and to love holily: but as she had fixed her love on a creature, and not on the Creator, both she and Zaraph were doomed to live among the things that perish, till this mortal is swallowed up of immortality, when Nama and Zaraph will be admitted into the realms of everlasting love.

=Lovegold=, the miser, an old man of 60, who wants to marry Mariana, his son’s sweetheart. In order to divert him from this folly, Mariana pretends to be very extravagant, and orders a necklace and ear-rings for £3000, a petticoat and gown from a fabric £12 a yard, and besets the house with duns. Lovegold gives £2000 to be let off the bargain, and Mariana marries the son.—A. Fielding, _The Miser_ a (_réchauffé_ of _L’Avare_, by Molière).

=Love´good= (_2 syl._), uncle to Valentine, the gallant who will not be persuaded to keep his estate.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _Wit without Money_ (1639).

=Lovel=, once the page of Lord Beaufort, in love with Lady Frances; but he concealed his love because young Beaufort “cast his affections first upon the lady.”—Murphy, _The Citizen_ (1757).

_Lovel_ (_Lord_), the bridegroom who lost his bride on the wedding day from playing hide-and-seek. The lady hid in an old oak chest, the lid of which fell on her and closed with a spring-lock. Many years afterwards the chest was sold, and the skeleton of the maiden revealed the mystery of her disappearance.—T. H. Bayley, _The Mistletoe Bough_.

Samuel Rogers has introduced this story in his _Italy_ (pt. i. 18, 1822). He says the bride was Ginevra, only child of Orsini, “an indulgent father;” and that the bridegroom was Francesco Doria, “her playmate from birth, and her first love.” The chest, he says, was an heirloom, “richly carved by Antony, of Trent, with Scripture stories from the life of Christ.” It came from Venice, and had “held the ducal robes of some old ancestors.” After the accident, Francesco, weary of life, flew to Venice, and “flung his life away in battle with the Turks;” Orsini went deranged, and spent the life-long day “wandering in quest of something he could not find.” It was fifty years afterwards that the skeleton was discovered in the chest.

Collet, in his _Relics of Literature_, gives a similar story.

In the _Causes Célèbres_ is another example.

A similar story is attached to Marwell Old Hall, once the residence of the Seymours, and subsequently of the Dacre family, and “the very chest is now the property of the Rev. J. Haygarth, rector of Upham.”—_Post-Office Directory_.

The same tale is told of a chest in Bramshall, Hampshire; and also of a chest in the great house at Malsanger, near Basingstoke.

_Lovel_ (_Lord_), in Clara Reeve’s tale called _The Old English Baron_, appears as a ghost in the obscurity of a dim religious light (1777).

_Lovel_ (_Peregrine_), a wealthy commoner, who suspects his servants of wasting his substance in riotous living; so, giving out that he is going down to his country seat in Devonshire, he returns in the disguise of an Essex bumpkin, and places himself under the care of Philip, the butler, to be taught the duties of a gentleman’s servant. Lovel finds that Philip has invited a large party to supper, that the servants assembled assume the titles and airs of their masters and mistresses, and that the best wines of the cellar are set before them. In the midst of the banquet, he appears before the party in his real character, breaks up the revel, and dismisses all the household, except Tom, whom he places in charge of the cellar and plate.—Rev. J. Townley, _High Life Below Stairs_ (1759).

_Lovel_ (_William_), the hero of a German novel so called, by Ludwig Tieck (1773-1853). (See LOVELL).

=Love´lace= (_2 syl._), the chief male character in Richardson’s novel of _Clarissa Harlowe_. He is rich, proud, and crafty; handsome, brave, and gay; the most unscrupulous but finished libertine; always self-possessed, insinuating and polished (1749).

“Lovelace” is as great an improvement on “Lothario,” from which it was drawn, as Rowe’s hero [in the _Fair Penitent_] had been on the vulgar rake of Massinger.—_Encyc. Brit._, Art. “Romance.”

_Lovelace_ (_2 syl._), a young aristocrat, who angles with flattery for the daughter of Mr. Drugget, a rich London tradesman. He fools the vulgar tradesman to the top of his bent, and stands well with him; but, being too confident of his influence, demurs to the suggestion of the old man to cut two fine yew trees at the head of the carriage drive into a Gog and Magog. Drugget is intensely angry, throws off the young man, and gives his daughter to a Mr. Woodley.—A. Murphy, _Three Weeks after Marriage_.

=Love´less= (_The Elder_), suitor to “The Scornful Lady” (no name given).

_The Younger Loveless_, a prodigal.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Scornful Lady_ (1616).

_Loveless_ (_Edward_), husband of Amanda. He pays undue attention to Berinthia, a handsome young widow, his wife’s cousin; but, seeing the folly of his conduct, he resolves in future to devote himself to his wife with more fidelity.—Sheridan, _A Trip to Scarborough_ (1777).

=Lovell= (_Benjamin_), a banker, proud of his ancestry, but with a weakness for gambling.

_Elsie Lovell_, his daughter, in love with Victor Orme, the poor gentleman.—Wybert Reeve, _Parted_.

_Lovell_ (_Lord_). Sir Giles Overreach fully expected that his lordship would marry his daughter Margaret; but he married Lady Allworth, and assisted Margaret in marrying Tom Allworth, the man of her choice. (See LOVEL).—Massinger, _A New Way to Pay Old Debts_ (1628).

=Lovely Obscure= (_The_), Am´adis of Gaul. Same as Belten´ebros.

The great Amădis, when he assumed the name of “The Lovely Obscure,” dwelt either eight years or eight months, I forget which, upon a naked rock, doing penance for some unkindness shown him by the Lady Oria´na. [_The rock is called_ “_The Poor Rock_.”]—Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iii. 1 (1605).

=Love´more= (_2 syl._), a man fond of gaiety and pleasure, who sincerely loves his wife; but, finding his home dull, and that his wife makes no effort to relieve its monotony, seeks pleasure abroad, and treats his wife with cold civility and formal politeness. He is driven to intrigue, but, being brought to see its folly acknowledges his faults, and his wife resolves “to try to keep him” by making his home more lively and agreeable.

_Mrs. Lovemore_ (_2 syl._), wife of Mr. Lovemore, who finds if “she would keep her husband” to herself, it is not enough to “be a prudent manager, careless of her own comforts, not much given to pleasure; grave, retired, and domestic; to govern her household, pay the tradesman’s bills, and love her husband;” but to these must be added some effort to please and amuse him, and to make his home bright and agreeable to him.—A. Murphy, _The Way to Keep Him_ (1760).

=Lovers= (_Romantic_). The favorites of distinguished men:

ARISTOTLE and Hepyllis.

BOCCACCIO and Fiammetta [_Maria_, daughter of Robert of Naples].

BURNS and Highland Mary [either _Mary Campbell_ or _Mary Robinson_].

BYRON and Teresa [Guiccioli].

CATULLUS and the Lady Clodia, called “Lesbia.”

CHARLES II. of England and Barbara Villiers [duchess of Cleveland]; Louise Renée de Kerouaille [duchess of Portsmouth]; and Nell Gwynne.

CHARLES VII. of France and Agnes Sorel.

CID (_The_) and the fair Ximēna, afterwards his wife.

DANTE and Beatrice [Portinari].

EPICURUS and Leontium.

FRANCOIS I. and la duchesse d’Etampes [_Mdlle. d’Heilly_].

GEORGE I. and the duchess of Kendal [_Erangard Melrose de Schulemberg_].

GEORGE II. and Mary Howard, duchess of Suffolk.

GEORGE III. and the fair quakeress [_Hannah Lightfoot_].

GEORGE IV. and Mrs. Mary Darby Robinson, called “Perdĭta” (1758-1800); Mrs. Fitzherbert, to whom he was privately married in 1785; and the countess of Jersey.

GOETHE and the frau von Stein.

HABINGTON, the poet, and Castāra [_Lucy Herbert_, daughter of Lord Powis], afterwards his wife.

HAZLITT and Sarah Walker.

HENRI II. and Diane de Poitiers.

HENRI IV. and La Belle Gabrielle [d’Estrées].

HENRY II. and the fair Rosamond [_Jane Clifford_].

HORACE and Lesbia.

HELOISE and Abelard.

LAMARTINE and Elvire, the Creole Girl.

LOUIS XIV. and Mdlle. de la Vallière; Mde. de Montespan; Mdlle. de Fontage.

LOVELACE and the divine Althēa, also called Lucasta [_Sacheverell_].

MIRABEAU and Mde. Nehra.

NELSON and Lady Hamilton.

PERICLES and Aspasia.

PETRARCH and Laura [_wife of Hugues de Sade_].

PLATO and Archianassa.

PRIOR and Chloe, or Cloe, the cobbler’s wife of Linden Grove.

RAPHAEL and La Fornarina, the baker’s daughter.

ROUSSEAU and Julie [_la comtesse d’Houdetot_].

SCARRON and Mde. Maintenon, afterwards his wife.

SIDNEY and Stella [_Penelope Devereux_].

SPENSER and Rosalind [_Rose Lynde_, of Kent].

STERNE (in his old age) and Eliza [_Mrs. Draper_].

STESECHOROS and Himĕra.

SURREY (_Henry Howard_, _earl of_) and Geraldine, who married the earl of Lincoln. (See GERALDINE).

SWIFT and (1) Stella [_Hester Johnson_]; (2) Vanessa [_Esther Van Vanhomrigh_].

TASSO and Leonora, or Eleanora [d’Este].

THEOCRITOS and Myrto.

WALLER and Sacharissa [_Lady Dorothea Sidney_].

WILLIAM IV., as duke of Clarence, and Mrs. Jordan [_Dora Bland_].

WOLSEY and Mistress Winter.

WYAT and Anna [_Anne Boleyn_], purely platonic.

=Lovers Struck by Lightning=, John Hewit and Sarah Drew of Stanton Harcourt, near Oxford (July 31, 1718). Gay gives a full description of the incident in one of his letters. On the morning that they obtained the consent of their parents to the match, they went together into a field to gather wild flowers, when a thunderstorm overtook them and both were killed. Pope wrote their epitaph.

⁂ Probably Thomson had this incident in view in his tale of Celadon and Amelia.—See _Seasons_ (“Summer,” 1727).

=Lovers’ Leap.= The leap from the Leuca´dian promontory into the sea. This promontory is in the island of Leucas or Leucadia, in the Ionian Sea. Sappho threw herself therefrom when she found her love for Phaon was not requited.

A precipice on the Guadalhorce (_4 syl._), from which Manuel and Laila cast themselves, is also called “The Lovers’ Leap.” (See LAILA).

=Lovers’ Vows=, altered from Kotzebue’s drama, by Mrs. Inchbald (1800). Baron Wildenhaim, in his youth, seduced Agatha Friburg, and then forsook her. She had a son, Frederick, who in due time became a soldier. While on furlough, he came to spend his time with his mother, and found her reduced to abject poverty, and almost starved to death. A poor cottager took her in, while Frederick, who had no money, went to beg charity. Count Wildenhaim was out with his gun, and Frederick asked alms of him. The count gave him a shilling; Frederick demanded more, and being refused, seized the baron by the throat. The keepers soon came up, collared him, and put him in the castle dungeon. Here he was visited by the chaplain, and it came out that the count was his father. The chaplain being appealed to, told the count the only reparation he could make would be to marry Agatha, and acknowledge the young soldier to be his son. The advice he followed, and Agatha Friburg, the beggar, became the Baroness Wildenhaim, of Wildenhaim Castle.

=Love´rule= (_Sir John_), a very pleasant gentleman, but wholly incapable of ruling his wife, who led him a miserable dance.

_Lady Loverule_, a violent termagant, who beat her servants, scolded her husband, and kept her house in constant hot water, but was reformed by Zakel Jobson, the cobbler. (See DEVIL TO PAY).—C. Coffey, _The Devil to Pay_ (died 1745).

=Love´well=, the husband of Fanny Sterling, to whom he has been clandestinely married for four months.—Colman and Garrick, _The Clandestine Marriage_ (1766).

=Loving-Land=, a place where Neptune held his “nymphall,” or feast given to the sea-nymphs.

[_He_] his Tritons made proclaim, a nymphall to be held In honor of himself in Loving-land, where he The most selected nymphs appointed had to be. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xx. (1622).

=Lovinski= (_Baron_), the friend of Prince Lupauski, under whose charge the Princess Lodois´ka (_4 syl._) is placed during a war between the Poles and the Tartars. Lovinski betrays his trust by keeping the princess a virtual prisoner, because she will not accept him as a lover. The Count Floreski makes his way into the castle, and the baron seeks to poison him, but at this crisis the Tartars invade the castle, the baron is slain, and Floreski marries the princess.—J.P. Kemble, _Lodoiska_ (a melodrama).

=Low-Heels and High-Heels=, two factions in Lilliput. The High-heels were opposed to the emperor, who wore low heels, and employed Low-heels in his cabinet. Of course the Low-heels are the whigs, and low-church party, and the High-heels, the tories and high-church party. (See BIG-ENDIANS).—Swift, _Gulliver’s Travels_ (“Voyage to Lilliput,” 1727).

=Lowestoffe= (_Reginald_), a young Templar.—Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).

=Lowrie= (_Dan_), thoroughly debased ruffian, who beats his noble daughter, plans again and again to murder or maim an honest man who has defended himself successfully when assailed, and is by mistake, set upon in the dark by the accomplices he has set in ambush for Fergus Derrick and wounded mortally. His last act is to strike blindly at Joan, his daughter.—Frances Hodgson Burnett, _That Lass o’ Lowrie’s_ (1877).

=Lowther= (_Jack_), a smuggler.—Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

=Loyal Subject= (_The_), Archas, general of the Muscovites, and the father of Colonel Theodore.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Loyal Subject_ (1618).

=Loyale Epée= (_La_), “the honest soldier,” Marshal de MacMahon (1808, president of France from 1873 to 1879).

=Loys de Dreux=, a young Breton nobleman who joined the Druses, and was appointed their prefect.

Loys (2 _syl._) the boy stood on the leading prow, Conspicuous in his gay attire. Robert Browning, _The Return of the Druses_, i.

=Luath= (2 _syl._), Cuthulin’s “swift-footed hound.”—Ossian, _Fingal_, ii.

Fingal had a dog called “Luath” and another called “Bran.”

In Robert Burns’ poem, called _The Twa Dogs_, the poor man’s dog, which represents the peasantry, is called “Luath” and the gentleman’s dog is “Cæsar.”

=Lucan= (_Sir_), sometimes called “Sir Lucas,” butler of King Arthur, and a knight of the Round Table.—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_ (“Lucan,” ii. 160; “Lucas,” ii. 78; 1470).

=Lucasta=, whom Richard Lovelace celebrates, was Lucy Sacheverell. (_Lucycasta_ or _Lux casta_, “chaste light.”)

=Lucentio=, son of Vicentio of Pisa. He marries Bianca, sister of Katharina, “the Shrew” of Padua.—Shakespeare, _Taming of the Shrew_ (1594).

=Lucetta=, waiting-woman of Julia, the lady-love of Proteus (one of the heroes of the play).—Shakespeare, _The Two Gentlemen of Verona_ (1594).

=Lu´cia=, daughter of Lucius (one of the friends of Cato at Utica, and a member of the mimic senate). Lucia was loved by both the sons of Cato, but she preferred the more temperate Porcius to the vehement Marcus. Marcus being slain, left the field open to the elder brother.—Addison, _Cato_ (1713).

_Lucia_, in _The Cheats of Scapin_, Otway’s version of _Les Fourberies de Scapin_, by Molière. Lucia, in Molière’s comedy, is called “Zerbinette;” her father, Thrifty, is called “Argante;” her brother, Octavian, is “Octave;” and her sweetheart, Leander, son of Gripe, is called by Molière, “Léandre, son of Géronte” (2 _syl._).

_Lucia_ (_St._) _Struck on St. Lucia’s thorn_, on the rack, in torment, much perplexed and annoyed. St. Lucia was a virgin martyr, put to death at Syracuse, in 304. Her _fête_-day is December 13. The “thorn” referred to is in reality, the point of a sword, shown in all paintings of the saint, protruding through the neck.

If I don’t recruit ... I shall be struck upon St. Lucia’s thorn.—Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II. i. 3 (1615).

=Lucia di Lammermoor=, called by Sir W. Scott, “Lucy Ashton,” sister of Lord Henry Ashton, of Lammermoor. In order to retrieve the broken fortune of the family, Lord Henry arranged a marriage between his sister and Lord Arthur Bucklaw, _alias_ Frank Hayston, laird of Bucklaw. Unknown to the brother, Edgardo (_Edgar_), master of Ravenswood, (whose family had long had a feud with the Lammermoors), was betrothed to Lucy. While Edgardo was absent in France, Lucia (_Lucy_) is made to believe he is unfaithful to her, and in her despair she consents to marry the laird of Bucklaw, but on the wedding night she stabs him, goes mad, and dies.—Donizetti, _Lucia di Lammermoor_ (an opera, 1835); Sir W. Scott, _The Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).

=Luci´ana=, sister of Adrian´a. She marries Antipholus, of Syracuse.—Shakespeare, _Comedy of Errors_ (1593).

=Lu´cida=, the lady-love of Sir Ferramont.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 5 (1596).

=Lucifer= is described by Dantê as a huge giant, with three faces: one red, indicative of anger; one yellow, indicative of envy; and one black, indicative of melancholy. Between his shoulders, the poet says, there shot forth two enormous wings, without plumage, “in texture like a bat’s.” With these “he flapped i’ the air,” and “Cocy´tus to its depth was frozen.” “At six eyes he wept,” and at every mouth he champed a sinner.—Dantê, _Hell_, xxxiv. (1301).

=Lucif´era= (_Pride_), daughter of Pluto and Proser´pĭna. Her usher was Vanity. Her chariot was drawn by six different beasts, on each of which was seated one of the queen’s counsellors. The foremost beast was an ass, ridden by Idleness, who resembled a monk; paired with the ass was a swine, on which rode Gluttony, clad in vine leaves. Next came a goat, ridden by Lechery, arrayed in green; paired with the goat was a camel, on which rode Avarice, in threadbare coat and cobbled shoes. The next beast was a wolf, bestrid by Envy, arrayed in a kirtle full of eyes; and paired with the wolf was a lion, bestrid by Wrath, in a robe all blood-stained. The coachman of the team was Satan.

Lo? underneath her scornful feet was lain A dreadful dragon, with a hideous train; And in her hand she held a mirror bright, Wherein her face she often viewëd fain. Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, i. 4 (1590).

=Lucille=. Brunette, in love with and beloved by _Lord Alfred_. They are separated by circumstances, and meet again when Alfred’s promise to another woman hinders a marriage between Lucille and her lover. She remains single and becomes a Sister of Mercy.—_Lucille_, poem, by Owen Meredith, (Robert, Lord Lytton).

=Lucinda=, the daughter of opulent parents, engaged in marriage to Cardenio, a young gentleman of similar rank and equal opulence. Lucinda was, however, promised by her father in marriage to Don Fernando, youngest son of the Duke Ricardo. When the wedding day arrived, the young lady fell into a swoon, and a letter informed Don Fernando that the bride was married already to Cardenio. Next day, she left the house privately, and took refuge in a convent, whence she was forcibly abducted by Don Fernando. Stopping at an inn, the party found there Dorothea, the wife of Don Fernando, and Cardenio, the husband of Lucinda, and all things arranged themselves satisfactorily to the parties concerned.—Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iv. (1605).

_Lucinda_, the bosom friend of Rosetta; merry, coquettish, and fit for any fun. She is the daughter of Justice Woodcock, and falls in love with Jack Eustace, against her father’s desire. Jack, who is unknown to the justice, introduces himself into the house, as a music-master; and Sir William Meadows induces the old man to consent to the marriage of the young people.—I. Bickerstaff, _Love in a Village_.

_Lucinda_, referred to by the poet Thomson in his _Spring_, was Lucy Fortescue, daughter of Hugh Fortescue, of Devonshire, and wife of Lord George Lyttelton.

O Lyttelton.... Courting the Muse, thro’ Hagely Park thou strayest.... Perhaps thy loved Lucinda shares thy walk, With soul to thine attuned. Thomson, _The Seasons_ (“Spring,” 1728).

=Lucinde= (2 _syl._), daughter of Sganarelle. As she has lost her spirit and appetite, her father sends for four physicians, who all differ as to the nature of the malady and the remedy to be applied. Lisette (her waiting-woman) sends in the meantime for Clitandre, the lover of Lucinde, who comes under the guise of a mock doctor. He tells Sganarelle the disease of the young lady must be reached through the imagination, and prescribes the semblance of a marriage. As his assistant is in reality a notary, the mock marriage turns out to be a real one.—Molière, _L’Amour Médecin_ (1665).

_Lucinde_ (2 _syl._), daughter of Géronte (2 _syl._). Her father wanted her to marry Horace; but as she was in love with Léandre, she pretended to have lost the power of articulate speech, to avoid a marriage which she abhorred. Sganarelle, the faggot-maker, was introduced as a famous dumb doctor, and soon saw the state of affairs; so he took with him Léandre as an apothecary, and the young lady received a perfect cure from “pills matrimoniac.”—Molière, _Le Médicin Malgré Lui_ (1666).

=Lu´cio=, a fantastic, not absolutely bad, but vicious and dissolute. He is unstable, “like a wave of the sea, driven by the wind and tossed,” and has no restraining principle.—Shakespeare, _Measure for Measure_ (1603).

=Lucip´pe= (3 _syl._), a woman attached to the suite of the princess Calis (sister of Astorax, king of Paphos).—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Mad Lover_ (1618).

=Lu´cius=, son of Coillus; a mythical king of Britain. Geoffrey says he sent a letter to Pope Eleutherius (177-193) desiring to be instructed in the Christian religion, whereupon the pope sent over Dr. Faganus and Dr. Duvanus for the purpose. Lucius was baptized, and “people from all countries” with him. The pagan temples in Britain were converted into churches, the archflamens into archbishops, and the flamens into bishops. So there were twenty-eight bishops and three archbishops.—_British History_, iv. 19, (1470).

He our flamens’ seats who turned to bishops’ sees, Great Lucius, that good king to whom we chiefly owe This happiness we have—Christ crucified to know. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612).

After baptism, St. Lucius abdicated, and became a missionary in Switzerland, where he died a martyr’s death.

_Lucius_ (_Caius_), general of the Roman forces in Britain, in the reign of king Cym´beline (3 _syl._).—Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_ (1605).

=Lucius Tiberius=, general of the Roman army, who wrote to King Arthur, commanding him to appear at Rome to make satisfaction for the conquests he had made, and to receive such punishment as the senate might think proper to pass on him. This letter induced Arthur to declare war with Rome. So, committing the care of government to his nephew Modred, he marched to Lyonaise (in Gaul), where he won a complete victory, and left Lucius dead on the field. He now started for Rome; but being told that Modred had usurped the crown, he hastened back to Britain, and fought the great battle of the West, where he received his death wound from the hand of Modred.—Geoffrey, _British History_, ix. 15-20; x (1142).

Great Arthur did advance To meet, with his allies, that puissant force in France By Lucius thither led. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, iv. (1612).

=Luck of Roaring Camp=. A baby born in a mining-camp, loses his mother in the first hour of his life, and is adopted by “the boys.” A run of success having followed mining operations since his birth, he is named “Luck.” His cabin is kept clean, a rosewood cradle brought fifty miles for his use, “the boys” take turns in holding him, and must be clean before they can do it. He is taken daily up the “gulch,” to be in the shade while they work, but “Kentuck” is his chief guardian. One night a freshet carries off Kentuck’s hut, the owner and “The Luck.” Man and baby are picked up below; the child is dead, the man dying, “He’s a takin’ me with him. Tell the boys I’ve got ‘The Luck’ with me now!” and the strong man clinging to the frail babe as a drowning man is said to cling to a straw, drifted away with the shadowy river that flows forever to the unknown sea.—Bret Harte, _The Luck of Roaring Camp_ (1870).

=Lucre´tia=, daughter of Spurius Lucretius, prefect of Rome, and wife of Tarquinius Collati´nus. She was dishonored by Sextus, the son of Tarquinius Superbus. Having avowed her dishonor in the presence of her father, her husband, Junius Brutus, and some others, she stabbed herself.

This subject has been dramatized in _French_ by Ant. Vincent Arnault, in a tragedy called _Lucrèce_ (1792); and by François Ponsard in 1843. In _English_, by Thomas Heywood, in a tragedy entitled _The Rape of Lucrece_ (1630); by Nathaniel Lee, entitled _Lucius Junius Brutus_ (seventeenth century); and by John H. Payne, entitled _Brutus_ or _the Fall of Tarquin_ (1820). Shakespeare selected the same subject for his poem entitled _The Rape of Lucrece_ (1594).

=Lucrezia di Borgia=, daughter of Pope Alexander VI. She was thrice married, her last husband being Alfonso, duke of Ferra´ra. Before this marriage, she had a natural son, named Genna´ro, who was brought up by a Neapolitan fisherman. When grown to manhood, Gennaro had a commission given him in the army, and in the battle of Rim´ini he saved the life of Orsini. In Venice he declaimed freely against the vices of Lucrezia di Borgia, and on one occasion he mutilated the escutcheon of the duke, by knocking off the B, thus converting Borgia into Orgia. Lucrezia insisted that the perpetrator of this insult should suffer death by poison; but when she discovered that the offender was her own son, she gave him an antidote, and released him from jail. Scarcely, however, was he liberated, than he was poisoned at a banquet given by the Princess Neg´roni. Lucrezia now told Gennaro that he was her own son, and died as her son expired.—Donizetti, _Lucrezia di Borgia_ (an opera, 1834).

⁂ Victor Hugo has a drama entitled _Lucrèce Borgia_.

=Lucullus=, a wealthy Roman, noted for his banquets and self-indulgence. On one occassion, when a superb supper had been prepared, being asked who were to be his guests, he replied, “Lucullus will sup to-night with Lucullus” (B.C. 110-57).

Ne’er Falernian threw a richer Light upon Lucullus’ tables. Longfellow, _Drinking Song_.

=Luc´umo=, a satrap, chieftain, or khedive among the ancient Etruscans. The over-king was called _lars_. Servius, the grammarian says: “Lŭcŭmo _rex_ sonat linguâ Etruscâ;” but it was such a king as that of Bavaria in the empire of Germany, where the king of Prussia is the _lars_.

And plainly and more plainly Now might the burghers know, By port and vest, by horse and crest, Each warlike lucumo. Lord Macaulay, _Lays of Ancient Rome_ (“Horatius,” xxiii., 1842).

=Lucy=, a dowerless girl, betrothed to Amidas. Being forsaken by him for the wealthy Philtra, she threw herself into the sea, but was saved by clinging to a chest. Both being drifted ashore, it was found that the chest contained great treasures, which Lucy gave to Bracidas, the brother of Amidas, who married her. In this marriage, Bracidas found “two goodly portions, and the better she.”—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. 4 (1596).

=Lucy Fountain=. The heroine of _Love Me Little, Love Me Long_. She has sundry suitors, each backed by her uncle or her aunt, and chooses for herself a stalwart, handsome sailor, David Dodd by name, who adores her. She figures as a devoted wife and mother in _Very Hard Cash_, Charles Reade.

_Lucy_, daughter of Mr. Richard Wealthy, a rich London merchant. Her father wanted her to marry a wealthy tradesman, and as she refused to do so, he turned her out of doors. Being introduced as a _fille de joie_ to Sir George Wealthy, “the minor,” he soon perceived her to be a modest girl, who had been entrapped, and he proposed marriage. When the facts of the case were known, Mr. Wealthy and the Sir William (the father of the young man) were delighted at the happy termination of what might have proved a most untoward affair.—S. Foote, _The Minor_ (1760).

_Lucy_ [GOODWILL], a girl of 16, and a child of nature, reared by her father, who was a widower. “She has seen nothing,” he says; “she knows nothing, and, therefore, has no will of her own.” Old Goodwill wished her to marry one of her relations, that his money might be kept in the family; but Lucy had “will” enough of her own to see that her relations were boobies, and selected for her husband a big, burly footman, named Thomas.—Fielding, _The Virgin Unmasked_.

_Lucy_ [LOCKIT], daughter of Lockit, the jailer, a foolish young woman, who, decoyed by Captain Macheath, under the specious promise of marriage, effected his escape from jail. The captain, however, was recaptured, and condemned to death; but, being reprieved, confessed himself married to Polly Peachum, and Lucy was left to seek another mate.

How happy could I be with either [_Lucy or Polly_], Were t’other dear charmer away! J. Gay, _The Beggars Opera_, ii. 2 (1727).

Miss Fenton (duchess of Bolton) was the original “Lucy Lockit” (1708-1760).

=Lucy and Colin.= Colin was betrothed to Lucy, but forsook her for a bride “thrice as rich as she.” Lucy drooped, but was present at the wedding; and when Colin saw her, “the damps of death bedewed his brow, and he died.” Both were buried in one tomb, and many a hind and plighted maid resorted thither, “to deck it with garlands and true love knots.”—T. Tickell, _Lucy and Colin_.

⁂ Vincent Bourne has translated this ballad into Latin verse.

Through all Tickell’s works there is a strain of ballad thinking.... In this ballad [_Lucy and Colin_], he seems to have surpassed himself. It is, perhaps, the best in our language.—Goldsmith, _Beauties of English Poetry_ (1767).

=Lucyl´ius= (B.C. 148-103), the father of Roman satire.

I have presumed, my lord, for to present With this poor Glasse, which is of trustie Steele [_satire_], And came to me by wil and testament Of one that was a Glassmaker [_satirist_] indeede: Lucylius, this worthy man was namde. G. Gascoigne, _The Steele Glas_ (died 1577).

=Lud=, son of Heli, who succeeded his father as king of Britain. “Lud rebuilt the walls of Trinovantum, and surrounded the city with innumerable towers ... for which reason it was called Kaer-lud, Anglicized into Ludton, and softened into London.... When dead, his body was buried by the gate ... Parthlud, called in Saxon Ludes-gate.”—Geoffrey, _British History_, iii. 20 (1142).

... that mighty Lud, in whose eternal name Great London still shall live (by him rebuilded). Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612).

(“Parth-lud,” in Latin _Porta-Lud_).

=Lud= (_General_), the leader of distressed and riotous artisans in the manufacturing districts of England, who, in 1811, endeavoured to prevent the use of power-looms.

=Luddites= (_2 syl._), the riotous artisans who followed the leader called General Lud.

Above thirty years before this time, an imbecile named Ned Lud, living in a village in Leicestershire, being tormented by some boys, ... pursued one of them into a house, and ... broke two stocking-frames. His name was taken by those who broke power-looms.—H. Martineau.

=Ludovico=, chief minister of Naples. He heads a conspiracy to murder the king and seize the crown. Ludovico is the craftiest of villains, but, being caught in his own guile, he is killed.—Sheil, _Evadne_, or _The Statue_ (1820).

=Ludwal= or =Idwal=, son of Roderick the Great, of North Wales. He refused to pay Edgar, king of England, the tribute which had been levied ever since the time of Æthelstan. William of Malmesbury tells us that Edgar commuted the tribute for 300 wolves’ heads yearly; the wolf-tribute was paid for three years, and then discontinued, because there were no more wolves to be found.

O, Edgar! who compelledst our Ludwal hence to pay Three hundred wolves a year for tribute unto thee. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ix. (1612).

=Lufra=, Douglas’s dog, “the fleetest hound in all the North.”—Sir W. Scott, _Lady of the Lake_ (1810).

Ellen, the while, with bursting heart, Remained in lordly bower apart ... While Lufra, crouching at her side, Her station claimed with jealous pride. Sir W. Scott, _Lady of the Lake_, vi. 23 (1810).

=Lu´gier=, the rough, confident tutor of Oriana, etc., and chief engine whereby “the wild goose” Mirabel is entrapped into marriage with her.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Wild-goose Chase_ (1652).

=Luke,= brother-in-law of “the city madam.” He was raised from a state of indigence into enormous wealth by a deed of gift of the estates of his brother, Sir John Frugal, a retired merchant. While dependent on his brother, Lady Frugal (“the city lady”) treated Luke with great scorn and rudeness; but, when she and her daughter became dependent on him, he cut down the superfluities of the fine lady to the measure of her original state—as daughter of Goodman Humble, farmer.—Massinger, _The City Madam_ (1639).

Massinger’s best characters are the hypocritical “Luke” and the heroic “Marullo.”—W. Spalding.

_Luke_, patriarch’s nuncio, and bishop of the Druses. He terms the Druses,

... the docile crew My bezants went to make me bishop of. Robert Browning, _The Return of the Druses_, v.

_Luke (Sir)_ or SIR LUKE LIMP, a tuft-hunter, a devotee to the bottle, and a hanger-on of great men for no other reason than mere snobbism. Sir Luke will “cling to Sir John till the baronet is superseded by my lord; quitting the puny peer for an earl, and sacrificing all three to a duke.”—S. Foote, _The Lame Lover_.

=Luke’s Bird= (_St._), the ox.

=Luke’s Iron Crown.= George and Luke Dosa headed an unsuccessful revolt against the Hungarian nobles in the sixteenth century. Luke was put to death by a red-hot iron crown, in mockery of his having been proclaimed king.

This was not an unusual punishment for those who sought regal honors in the Middle Ages. Thus, when Tancred usurped the crown of Sicily, Kaiser Heinrich VI. of Germany, set him on a red-hot iron throne, and crowned him with a red-hot iron crown (twelfth century).

⁂ The “iron crown of Lombardy” must not be mistaken for an iron crown of punishment. The former is one of the nails used in the Crucifixion, beaten out into a thin rim of iron, magnificently set in gold, and adorned with jewels. Charlemagne and Napoleon I. were both crowned with it.

=Lully= (_Raymond_), an alchemist who searched for the philosopher’s stone by distillation, and made some useful chemical discoveries. Lully was also a magician and a philosophic dreamer. He is generally called _Doctor Illuminātus_ (1235-1315).

He talks of Raymond Lully and the ghost of Lilly [_q.v._]. W. Congreve, _Love for Love_, iii. (1695).

=Lumbercourt= (_Lord_), a voluptuary, greatly in debt, who consented, for a good money consideration, to give his daughter to Egerton McSycophant. Egerton, however, had no fancy for the lady, but married Constantia, the girl of his choice. His lordship was in alarm lest this _contretemps_ should be his ruin; but Sir Pertinax told him the bargain should still remain good if Egerton’s younger brother, Sandy, were accepted by his lordship instead. To this his lordship readily agreed.

_Lady Rodolpha Lumbercourt_, daughter of Lord Lumbercourt, who, for a consideration, consented to marry Egerton McSycophant; but, as Egerton had no fancy for the lady, she agreed to marry Egerton’s brother, Sandy, on the same terms.

“As I ha’ nae reason to have the least affection till my Cousin Egerton, and as my intended marriage with him was entirely an act of obedience till my grandmother, provided my Cousin Sandy will be as agreeable till her ladyship as my Cousin Charles here would have been, I have nae the least objection till the change. Ay, ay, one brother is as good to Rodolpha as another.”—C. Macklin, _The Man of the World_, v. (1764).

=Lumbey= (_Dr._), a stout, bluff-looking gentleman, with no shirt-collar, and a beard that had been growing since yesterday morning; for the doctor was very popular, and the neighborhood prolific.—C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ (1838).

=Lumley= (_Captain_), in the royal army under the duke of Montrose.—Sir. W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).

=Lumon=, a hill in Inis-Huna, near the residence of Sulmalla. Sulmalla was the daughter of Conmor (king of Inis-Huna) and his wife, Clun´-galo.—Ossian, _Temora_.

Where art thou, beam of light? Hunters from the mossy rock, saw you the blue-eyed fair? Are her steps on grassy Lumon, near the bed of roses? Ah me! I beheld her bow in the hall. Where art thou, beam of light?

=Lumpkin= (_Tony_), the rough, good-natured booby son of Mrs. Hardcastle, by her first husband. Tony dearly loved a practical joke, and was fond of low society, spending most of his time at the tavern, where he could air his conceit and self-importance. He is described as “an awkward booby, reared up and spoiled at his mother’s apron-string;” and “if burning the footman’s shoes, frighting the maids, and worrying the kittens, be humorous,” then Tony was indeed a humorous fellow. By his blundering he first gets everybody into difficulties and then by fresh blunders brings everything right again.—Oliver Goldsmith, _She Stoops to Conquer_ (1773).

=Lun.= So John Rich called himself when he performed “harlequin.” It was John Rich who introduced pantomime (1681-1761).

On one side Folly sits, by some called Fun; And on the other his archpatron, Lun. Churchill.

=Luna= (_Il contê di_), uncle of Manri´co. He entertains a base passion for the Princess Leonōra, who is in love with Manrico; and, in order to rid himself of his rival, is about to put him to death, when Leonora promises to give herself to him if he will spare her lover. The count consents; but, while he goes to release his captive, Leonora poisons herself.—Verdi, _Il Trovato´rê_ (an opera, 1853).

=Lundin= (_Dr. Luke_), the chamberlain at Kinross.—Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).

_Lundin (The Rev. Sir Louis)_, town clerk of Perth.—Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

=Lunsford= (_Sir Thomas_), governor of the Tower. A man of such vindictive temper that the name was used as a terror to children.

Made children with your tones to run for’t, As bad as Bloody-bones or Lunsford. S. Butler, _Hudibras_, iii. 2, line 1112 (1678).

From Fielding and from Vavasour, Both ill-affected men; From Lunsford eke deliver us, That eateth childëren.

=Lupauski= (_Prince_), father of Princess Lodois´ka (4 _syl._).—J. P. Kemble, _Lodoiska_ (a melodrama).

=Lu´pin= (_Mrs._), hostess of the Blue Dragon. A buxom, kind-hearted woman, ever ready to help any one over a difficulty.—C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).

=Lu´ria,= a noble Moor, single-minded, warm-hearted, faithful and most generous; employed by the Florentines to lead their army against the Pisans (fifteenth century). Luria was entirely successful; but the Florentines, to lessen their obligation to the conqueror, hunted up every item of scandal they could find against him: and, while he was winning their battles, he was informed that he was to be brought to trial to answer these floating censures. Luria was so disgusted at this that he took poison to relieve the state, by his death, of a debt of gratitude which the republic felt too heavy to be borne.—Robert Browning, _Luria_.

=Lu´siad=, the adventures of the Lusians (_Portuguese_), under Vasquez da Gama, in their discovery of India. Bacchus was the guardian power of the Mohammedans, and Venus or Divine Love of the Lusians. The fleet first sailed to Mozambique, then to Quil´oa, then to Melinda (in Africa), where the adventurers were hospitably received and provided with a pilot to conduct them to India. In the Indian Ocean, Bacchus tried to destroy the fleet; but the “silver star of Divine Love” calmed the sea, and Gama arrived at India in safety. Having accomplished his object, he returned to Lisbon.—Camoens, _The Lusiad_, in ten books (1572).

⁂ Vasquez da Gama sailed thrice to India: (1) in 1497, with four vessels. This expedition lasted two years and two months. (2) In 1502, with twenty ships. In this expedition he was attacked by Zamorin, king of Calicut, whom he defeated, and returned to Lisbon the year following. (3) When John III. appointed him viceroy of India. He established his government at Cochin, where he died in 1525. The story of _The Lusiad_ is the first of these expeditions.

=Lusignan= [D’OUTREMER], king of Jerusalem, taken captive by the Saracens, and confined in a dungeon for twenty years. When 80 years old, he was set free by Osman, the sultan of the East, but died within a few days.—A. Hill, _Zara_ (adapted from Voltaire’s tragedy).

=Lusita´nia=, the ancient name of Portugal; so called from Lusus, the companion of Bacchus in his travels. This Lusus colonized the country, and called it “Lusitania,” and the colonists “Lusians.”—Pliny, _Historia Naturalis_, iii. 1.

=Luther= (_The Danish_), Hans Tausen. There is a stone in Viborg called “Tausensminde,” with this inscription: “Upon this stone, in 1528, Hans Tausen first preached Luther’s doctrine in Viborg.”

=Lutin=, the gypsy page of Lord Dalgarno.—Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).

=Lux Mundi=, Johann Wessel; also called _Magister Contradictionum_, for his opposition to the Scholastic philosophy. He was the predecessor of Luther (1419-1489).

=Luz=, a bone which the Jews affirm remains uncorrupted till the last day, when it will form the nucleus of the new body. This bone Mahomet called _Al Ajb_, or the rump bone.

Eben Ezra and Manasseh ben Israil say this bone is in the rump.

The learned rabbins of the Jews Write, there’s a bone, which they call luez (1 _syl._) I’ the rump of man. S. Butler, _Hudibras_, iii. 2 (1678).

=Lyæus= (“_spleen-melter_”), one of the names of Bacchus.

He perchance the gifts Of young Lyæus, and the dread exploits, May sing. Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_ (1767).

=Lyb´ius= (_Sir_), a very young knight who undertook to rescue the lady of Sinadone. After overcoming sundry knights, giants, and enchanters, he entered the palace, when the whole edifice fell to pieces, and a horrible serpent coiled about his neck and kissed him. The spell being broken, the serpent turned into the lady of Sinadone, who became Sir Lybius’s bride.—_Libeaux_ (a romance).

=Lyca´on=, king of Arcadia, instituted human sacrifices and was metamorphosed into a wolf. Some say all his sons were also changed into wolves, except one named Nictimus. Oh that

Of Arcady the beares Might plucke away thine ears; The wilde wolf, Licăon´, Bite asondre thy backe-bone. J. Skelton, _Philip Sparow_ (time, Henry VIII.).

For proof, when with Lycā´on’s tyranny Man durst not deal, then did Jove.... Him fitly to the greedy wolf transform. Lord Brooke, _Declination of Monarchy_ (1633).

=Lychor´ida=, nurse of Mari´na, who was born at sea. Marina was the daughter of Pericles, prince of Tyre, and his wife, Thais´a.—Shakespeare, _Pericles, Prince of Tyre_ (1608).

=Lyc´idas=, the name under which Milton celebrates the untimely death of Edward King, fellow of Christ’s College, Cambridge. Edward King was drowned in the passage from Chester to Ireland, August 10, 1637. He was the son of Sir John King, secretary for Ireland.

⁂ Lycĭdas is the name of a shepherd in Virgil’s _Eclogue_, iii.

=Lycome´des= (4 _syl._), king of Scyros, to whose court Achillês was sent, disguised as a maiden, by his mother Thetis, who was anxious to prevent his going to the Trojan war.

=Lydia=, daughter of the king of Lydia, was sought in marriage by Alcestês, a Thracian knight. His suit being rejected, he repaired to the king of Armenia, who gave him an army, with which he beseiged Lydia. He was persuaded to raise the siege, and the lady tested the sincerity of his love by a series of tasks, all of which he accomplished. Lastly, she set him to put to death his allies, and, being powerless, mocked him. Alcestês pined and died, and Lydia was doomed to endless torment in hell.—Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_, xvii. (1516).

_Lydia_, lady’s-maid to Widow Green. She was the sister of Trueworth, ran away from home to avoid a hateful marriage, took service for the nonce, and ultimately married Waller. She was “a miracle of virtue, as well as beauty,” warm-hearted, and wholly without artifice.—S. Knowles, _The Love-Chase_ (1837).

=Lydia Blood.= (See THE LADY OF THE AROOSTOOK.)

=Lydia Languish=, niece and ward of Mrs. Malaprop. She had a fortune of £30,000, but, if she married without her aunt’s consent, forfeited the larger part thereof. She was a great novel reader and was courted by two rival lovers—Bob Acres and Captain Absolute, whom she knew only as ensign Beverley. Her aunt insisted that she should throw over the ensign and marry the son of Sir Anthony Absolute, and great was her joy to find that the man of her own choice was that of her aunt—_nomine mutato_. Bob Acres resigned all claim on the lady to his rival.—Sheridan, _The Rivals_ (1775).

=Lydian Poet= (_The_), Alcman of Lydia (fl. B.C. 670).

=Lyddy Russell.= The last New England witch of whom we have authentic record. She followed a schooner out to sea and raised a terrible storm, she riding the highest waves, shrieking with laughter. The captain, Ezra Coffin, saw her, and charging his gun with a silver bullet, shot her dead. The storm subsided at once and old Lyddy was washed ashore, clutching a bit of sail cloth, and with the silver bullet in her breast.—Clara Florida Guernsey, _Old and New_ (1873).

=Lygo´nes=, father of Spaco´nia.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _A King or no King_ (1611).

=Lying Traveller= (_The_), Sir John Mandeville (1300-1372).

=Lying Valet= (_The_), Timothy Sharp, the lying valet of Charles Gayless. He is the Mercury between his master and Melissa, to whom Gayless is about to be married. The object of his lying is to make his master, who has not a sixpence in the world, pass for a man of fortune.—D. Garrick, _The Lying Valet_ (1741).

=Lyle= (_Annot_), daughter of Sir Duncan Campbell, the knight of Ardenvohr. She was brought up by the M’Aulays, and was beloved by Allan M’Aulay; but she married the earl of Menteith.—Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.)

=Lyn´ceus=, one of the Argonauts; so sharp-sighted that he could discern objects at a distance of 130 miles. Varro says he could “see through rocks and trees;” and Pliny, that he could see “the infernal regions through the earth.”

Strange tale to tel: all officers be blynde, And yet their one eye, sharpe as Lin´ceus sight. G. Gascoigne, _The Steele Glas_ (died 1577).

=Lynch= (_Governor_), was a great name in Galway, Ireland. It is said that he hanged his only son out of the window of his own house (1526). The very window from which the boy was hung is carefully preserved, and still pointed out to travellers.—_Annals of Galway_.

=Lynch Law=, law administered by a self-constituted judge. Webster says James Lynch, a farmer of Piedmont, in Virginia, was selected by his neighbors (in 1688) to try offences on the frontier summarily, because there were no law courts within seven miles of them.

=Lynchno´bians=, lantern-sellers, that is, booksellers and publishers. Rabelais says they inhabit a little hamlet near Lantern-land.—Rabelais, _Pantag´ruel_, v. 33 (1545).

=Lyndon= (_Barry_), an Irish sharper, whose adventures are told by Thackeray. The story is full of spirit, variety, and humor, reminding one of _Gil Blas_. It first came out in _Fraser’s Magazine_.

=Lynette=, sister of Lady Lyonors of Castle Perilous. She goes to King Arthur, and prays him to send Sir Lancelot to deliver her sister from certain knights. The king assigns the quest to Beaumains (the nickname given by Sir Kay to Gareth), who had served for a twelvemonth in Arthur’s kitchen. Lynette is exceedingly indignant, and treats her champion with the utmost contumely; but, after each victory, softens towards him, and at length marries him.—Tennyson, _Idylls of the King_ (“Gareth and Lynette”).

⁂ This version of the tale differs from that of the _History of Prince Arthur_ (Sir T. Malory, 1470) in many respects. (See LINET.)

=Lyon= (_Esther_), clergyman’s daughter, won to sympathy with the radicalism she had despised, by the young revolutionist, Felix Holt, whose wife she becomes.—George Elliot, _Felix Holt_.

=Lyonors=, daughter of Earl Sanam. She came to pay homage to King Arthur, and by him became the mother of Sir Borre (1 _syl._), one of the knights of the Round Table.—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 15 (1470).

⁂ Lionês, daughter of Sir Persaunt, and sister of Linet, of Castle Perilous, married Sir Gareth. Tennyson calls this Lady “Lyonors,” and makes Gareth marry her sister, who, we are told in the _History_, was married to Sir Gaheris (Gareth’s brother).

_Lyonors_, the lady of Castle Perilous, where she was held captive by several knights called Morning Star _or_ Phosphŏrus, Noonday Sun _or_ Merid´ies, Evening Star _or_ Hesperus, and Night _or_ Nox. Her sister, Lynette, went to King Arthur, to crave that Sir Lancelot might be sent to deliver Lyonors from her oppressor. The king gave the quest to Gareth, who was knighted, and accompanied Lynette, who used him very scornfully at first; but at every victory which he gained she abated somewhat of her contempt; and married him after he had succeeded in delivering Lyonors. The lot of Lyonors is not told. (See LIONES.)—Tennyson, _Idylls of the King_ (“Gareth and Lynette”).

⁂ According to the collection of tales edited by Sir T. Malory, the Lady Lyonors was quite another person. She was daughter of Earl Sanam, and mother of Sir Borre by King Arthur (pt. i. 15). It was Lionês who was the sister of Linet, and whose father was Sir Persaunt, of Castle Perilous (pt. i. 153). The _History_ says that Lionês married Gareth, and Linet married his brother, Sir Gaheris. (See GARETH.)

=Lyrists= (_Prince of_), Franz Schubert (1797-1828).

=Lysander=, a young Athenian, in love with Hermia, daughter of Egēus (3 _syl._). Egēus had promised her in marriage to Demētrius, and insisted that she should either marry him or suffer death “according to the Athenian law.” In this dilemma, Hermia fled from Athens with Lysander. Demetrius went in pursuit, and was followed by Helena, who doted on him. All four fell asleep, and “dreamed a dream” about the faries. When Demetrius awoke he become more reasonable, for seeing that Hermia disliked him and Helena loved him sincerely, he consented to forego the former and wed the latter. Egeus, being informed thereof, now readily agreed to give his daughter to Lysander, and all went merry as a marriage bell.—Shakespeare, _Midsummer Night’s Dream_ (1592).

=Lysim´achus=, governor of Medali´nê, who married Mari´na, the daughter of Per´iclês, prince of Tyre, and his wife, Thais´a.—Shakespeare, _Pericles, Prince of Tyre_ (1608).

_Lysimachus_, the artist, a citizen.—Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).

=Lyttel Boy= (_The_). A troublesome baby that always clung to his busy mother although she bade him “runne and play.”

“He wolde not goe, but tarrying soe Ben allwais in the way”—

until he was taken out of the way, to heaven.

* * * * * “And then a moder felt her heart How that it ben to-torne,— She kissed each day till she ben gray, The shoon he use to worn:

No bairn let hold untill her gown, Nor played upon the floore,— Goddes’ was the joy; a lyttel boy Ben in the way no more!” Eugene Field, _A Little Book of Western Verse_ (1890).

=Lyttelton,= addressed by Thompson in “Spring,” was Lord George Lyttelton, of Hagley Park, Worcestershire, who procured for the poet a pension of £100 a year. He was a poet and historian (1709-1773).

O Lyttelton ... from these distracted, oft You wander thro’ the philosophic world; ... And oft, conducted by historic truth, You tread the long extent of backward time; ... Or, turning thence thy view, these graver thoughts The Muses charm. Thompson, _The Seasons_ (“Spring,” 1728).

M

This letter is very curiously coupled with Napoleon I. and III.

NAPOLEON I.:

MACK _(General)_ capitulated at Elm (October 19, 1805).

MAITLAND _(Captain)_, of the _Bellerophon_, was the person to whom he surrendered (1814).

MALET conspired against him (1812).

MALLIEU was one of his ministers, with Maret and Montalivet.

MARBEUF was the first to recognize his genius at the military college (1779).

MARCHAND was his valet; accompanied him to St. Helena; and assisted Montholon in his _Mémoires_.

MARET, duke of Bassano, was his most trusty counsellor (1803-1841).

MARIE LOUISE was his wife, the mother of his son, and shared his highest fortunes. His son was born in March; so was the son of Napoleon III.

MARMONT was the second to desert him; Murat the first (both in 1814).

6 Marshals and 26 generals-of-division had M for their initial letter.

MASSÉNA was the general who gained the victory of Rivoli (1797), and Napoleon gave him the sobriquet of _L’Enfant Chéri de la Victoire_.

MELAS was the Austrian general conquered at Marengo, and forced back to the Mincio (June 14, 1800).

MENOU lost him Egypt (1801).

METTERNICH vanquished him in diplomacy.

MIOLLIS was employed by him to take Pius VII. prisoner (1809).

MONTALIVET was one of his ministers, with Maret and Mallieu.

MONTBEL wrote the life of his son, “the king of Rome” (1833).

MONTESQUIEU was his first chamberlain.

MONTHOLON was his companion at St. Helena, and, in conjunction with Marchand, wrote his _Mémoires_.

MOREAU betrayed him (1813).

MORTIER was one of his best generals.

MOURAD BEY was the general he vanquished in the battle of the Pyramids (July 23, 1798).

MURAT was his brother-in-law. He was the first martyr in his cause, and was the first to desert him; then Marmont.

Murat was made by him king of Naples (1808).

MADRID capitulated to him (December 4, 1808).

MAGLIANI was one of his famous victories (April 15, 1796).

MALMASION was his last halting-place in France. Here the empress Joséphine lived after her divorce, and here she died (1814).

MALTA taken (June 11, 1797), and while there he abolished the order called “The Knights of Malta” (1798).

MANTUA was surrendered to him by Wurmser, in 1797.

MARENGO was his first great victory (June 14, 1800).

MARSEILLES is the place he retired to when proscribed by Paoli (1792). Here, too, was his first exploit, when captain, in reducing the “Federalists” (1793).

MÉRY was a battle gained by him (February 22, 1814).

MILAN was the first enemy’s capital (1802), and Moscow the last, into which he walked victorious (1812).

It was at Milan he was crowned “king of Italy” (May 26, 1805).

MILLESIMO, a battle won by him (April 14, 1796).

MONDOVI, a battle won by him (April 22, 1796).

MONTENOTTE was his first battle (1796), and Mont St. Jean his last (1815).

MONTEREAU, a battle won by him (February 18, 1814).

MONTMARTRE was stormed by him (March 29, 1814).

MONTMIRAIL, a battle won by him (February 11, 1814).

MONT ST. JEAN (Waterloo), his last battle (June 18, 1815).

MONT THABOR was where he vanquished 20,000 Turks with an army not exceeding 2000 men (July 25, 1799).

MORAVIA was the site of a victory (July 11, 1809).

MOSCOW was his pitfall. (See “Milan”).

MAY. In this month he quitted Corsica, married Joséphine, took command of the army of Italy, crossed the Alps, assumed the title of emperor, and was crowned at Milan. In the same month he was defeated at Aspern, he arrived at Elba, and died at St. Helena.

MARCH. In this month he was proclaimed king of Italy, made his brother Joseph king of the Two Sicilies, married Marie Louise by proxy, his son was born, and he arrived at Paris after quitting Elba.

MAY 2, 1813, battle of Lützen. 3, 1793, he quits Corsica. 4, 1814, he arrives at Elba. 5, 1821, he dies at St. Helena. 6, 1800, he takes command of the army of Italy. 9, 1796, he marries Joséphine. 10, 1796, battle of Lodi. 13, 1809, he enters Vienna. 15, 1796, he enters Milan. 16, 1797, he defeats the Arch-duke Charles.

MAY 17, 1800, he begins his passage across the Alps. 17, 1809, he annexes the States of the Church. 18, 1804, he assumes the title of emperor. 19, 1798, he starts for Egypt. 20, 1800, he finishes his passage across the Alps. 21, 1813, battle of Bautzen. 22, 1803, he declares war against England. 22, 1809, he was defeated at Aspern. 26, 1805, he was crowned at Milan. 30, 1805, he annexes Lisbon. 31, 1803, he seizes Hanover.

MARCH 1, 1815, he lands on French soil, after quitting Elba. 3, 1806, he makes his brother Joseph king of the Two Sicilies. 4, 1799, he invests Jaffa. 6, 1799, he takes Jaffa. 11, 1810, he marries, by proxy, Marie Louise. 13, 1805, he is proclaimed king of Italy. 16, 1799, he invests Acre. 20, 1812, birth of his son. 20, 1815, he reaches Paris, after quitting Elba. 21, 1804, he shoots the duc d’Enghien. 25, 1802, peace of Amiens. 31, 1814, Paris entered by the allies.

NAPOLEON III.:

MACMAHON, duke of Magenta, his most distinguished marshal, and, after a few months, succeeded him as ruler of France (1873-1879). MALAKOFF (_duke of_), next to McMahon his most distinguished marshal. MARIA, of Portugal, was the lady his friends wanted him to marry, but he refused to do so. MAXIMILIAN and Mexico, his evil stars (1864-1867).

MENSCHIKOFF was the Russian general defeated at the battle of the Alma (September 20, 1854).

MICHAUD, MIGNET, MICHELET and MÉRIMÉE were distinguished writers in the reign of Napoleon III. MOLTKE was his destiny.

MONTHOLON was one of his companions in the escapade at Boulogne, and was condemned to imprisonment for twenty years.

MONTIJO (_countess of_), his wife. Her name is Marie Eugénie, and his son was born in March; so was the son of Napoleon I. MORNY, his greatest friend. MAGENTA, a victory won by him (June 4, 1859). MALAKOFF. Taking the Malakoff tower and the Mamelon-vert were the great exploits of the Crimean War (September 8, 1855). MAMELON-VERT. (See above). MANTUA. He turned back before the walls of Mantua after the battle of the Mincio. MARENGO. Here he planned his first battle of the Italian campaign, but it was not fought till after those of Montebello and Magenta. MARIGNANO. He drove the Austrians out of this place. METZ, the “maiden fortress,” was one of the most important sieges and losses to him in the Franco-Prussian war. MEXICO and Maximilian, his evil stars. MILAN. He made his entrance into Milan, and drove the Austrians out of Marignano. MINCIO (_The battle of_), called also Solfernio, a great victory. Having won this he turned back at the walls of Mantua (June 24, 1859). MONTEBELLO, a victory won by him (June, 1859). ⁂ The mitrailleuse was to win him Prussia, but it lost him France. MARCH. In this month his son was born, he was deposed by the National Assembly, and was set at liberty by the Prussians. The treaty of Paris was March 30, 1856. Savoy and Nice were annexed in March, 1860. MAY. In this month he made his escape from Ham. The great French Exhibition was opened in May, 1855. By far his best publication is his _Manual of Artillery_.

=Mab=, queen of the fairies, according to the mythology of the English poets of the fifteenth century. Shakespeare’s description is in _Romeo and Juliet_, act i. sc. 4 (1598).

_Queen Mab’s Maids of Honor._ They were Hop and Mop, Drap, Pip, Trip and Skip. Her train of waiting-maids were Fib and Tib, Pinck and Pin, Tick and Quick, Jill and Jin, Tit and Nit, Wap and Win.—M. Drayton, _Nymphidia_ (1563-1631).

_Queen Mab, the Fairies’ Midwife_, that is, the midwife of men’s dreams, employed by the fairies.

O, then I see Queen Mab hath been with you. She is the fairies’ midwife— _Romeo and Juliet_, act i. sc. 4.

=Mabel Dunham.= Modest, amiable, yet spirited girl, educated at the East, who goes to the shores of Lake Ontario to meet her father, a major in charge of an English garrison. The nickname of “Magnet,” given by her sailor uncle, aptly describes her influence upon her associates, especially Jasper Western and Pathfinder. She marries Western.—James Fenimore Cooper, _The Pathfinder_ (183-).

=Maca´ber= (_The Dance_) or the “Dance of Death” (Arabic, _makabir_, “a church-yard”). The dance of death was a favorite subject in the Middle Ages for wall-paintings in cemeteries and churches, especially in Germany. Death is represented as presiding over a round of dancers, consisting of rich and poor, old and young, male and female. A work descriptive of this dance, originally in German, has been translated into most European languages, and the wood-cuts after Holbein’s designs, published at Lyons in 1553, have a worldwide reputation. Others are at Minden, Lucerne, Lubeck, Dresden, and the north side of old St. Paul’s.

_Elsie._ What are these paintings on the walls around us? _Prince._ “The Dance of Macaber” ... “The Dance of Death.” Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_ (1851).

=Macaire= (_Le Chevalier Richard_), a French knight, who, aided by Lieutenant Landry, murdered Aubrey de Montdidier in the forest of Bondy, in 1371. Montdidier’s dog, named Dragon, showed such an aversion to Macaire, that suspicion was aroused, and the man and dog were pitted to single combat. The result was fatal to the man, who died confessing his guilt.

There are two French plays on the subject, one entitled _Le Chien de Montargis_, and the other _Le Chien d’Aubry_. The former of these has been adapted to the English stage. Dragon was called _Chien de Montargis_, because the assassination took place near this castle, and was depicted in the great hall over the chimney-piece.

In the English drama, the sash of the murdered man is found in the possession of Lieutenant Macaire, and is recognized by Ursula, who worked the sword-knot, and gave it to Captain Aubri, who was her sweetheart. Macaire then confessed the crime. His accomplice, Lieutenant Landry, trying to escape, was seized by the dog, Dragon, and bitten to death.

_Macaire_ (_Robert_), a cant name for a Frenchman.

=MacAlpine= (_Jeanie_), landlady of the Clachan of Aberfoyle.—Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).

=Macamut=, a sultan of Cambaya, who lived so much upon poison that his very breath and touch were fatal.—Purchas, _Pilgrimage_ (1613).

=MacAnaleister= (_Eachin_), a follower of Rob Roy.—Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).

=Macare= (_2 syl._), the impersonation of good temper.—Voltaire, _Thelème and Macare_ (an allegory).

=Macaulay= (_Angus_), a Highland chief in the army of the earl of Montrose.

_Allan Macaulay_, or “Allan of the Red Hand,” brother of Angus. Allan is “a seer,” and is in love with Annot Lyle. He stabs the earl of Menteith on the eve of his marriage, out of jealousy, but the earl recovers and marries Annot Lyle.—Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

=Macbeth=, son of Sinel, thane of Glamis, and grandson of Malcolm II., by his second daughter; the elder daughter married Crynin, father of Duncan, who succeded his grandfather on the throne. Hence, King Duncan and Macbeth were cousins. Duncan, staying as a guest with Macbeth, at the Castle of Inverness (1040), was murdered by his host, who then usurped the crown. The battle which Macbeth had just won was this: Sueno, king of Norway, had landed with an army in Fife for the purpose of invading Scotland; Macbeth and Banquo were sent against him, and defeated him with such loss that only ten men of all his army escaped alive. Macbeth was promised by the witches (1) that none of woman born should kill him, and (2) that he should not die till Burham Wood removed to Dunsinane. He was slain in battle by Macduff, who was “from his mother’s womb untimely ripped;” and as for the moving wood, the soldiers of Macduff, in their march to Dunsinane, were commanded to carry boughs of the forest before them to conceal their numbers.

_Lady Macbeth_, wife of Macbeth, a woman of great ambition and inexorable will. When her husband told her that the witches prophesied he should be king, she induced him to murder Duncan, who was at the time their guest. She would herself have done it, but he looked in sleep so like her father that she could not. However, when Macbeth had murdered the king, she felt no scruple in murdering the two grooms that slept with him, and throwing the guilt on them. After her husband was crowned, she was greatly troubled by dreams, and used to walk in her sleep, trying to rub from her hands imaginary stains of blood. She died, probably by her own hand.—Shakespeare, _Macbeth_ (1606).

“It is related of Mrs. Betterton,” says C. Dibdin, “that though ‘Lady Macbeth’ had been frequently well performed, no actress, not even Mrs. Barry, could in the smallest degree be compared to her.” Mrs. Siddons calls Mrs. Pritchard “the greatest of all the ‘Lady Macbeths;’” but Mrs. Siddons herself was so great in this character that, in the sleep-walking scene, in her farewell performance, the whole audience stood on the benches, and demanded that the performance should end with that scene.

⁂ Dr. Lardner says that the name of Lady Macbeth was Graoch, and that she was the daughter of Kenneth IV.

=MacBriar= (_Ephraim_), an enthusiast and a preacher.—Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).

=MacBride= (_Miss_), heroine of John G. Saxe’s _Proud Miss MacBride_, who was even “proud of her pride,” (1850).

=Mac´cabee= (_Father_), the name assumed by King Roderick, after his dethronement.—Southey, _Roderick, the Last of the Goths_ (1814).

=MacCallum= (_Dougal_), the auld butler of Sir Robert Redgauntlet, introduced in Wandering Willie’s story.—Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

=MacCandlish= (_Mrs._), landlady of the Gordon Arms inn at Kippletringan.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=MacCasquil= (_Mr._), of Drumquag, a relation of Mrs. Margaret Bertram.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=MacChoak´umchild=, schoolmaster at Coketown. A man crammed with facts. “He and some 140 other schoolmasters had been lately turned at the same time, in the same factory, on the same principles, like so many pianoforte legs.”—C. Dickens, _Hard Times_ (1854).

=MacCombich= (_Evan Dhu_), foster-brother of Fergus M’Ivor, both of whom were sentenced to death at Carlisle.—Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

_MacCombich_ (_Robin Oig_), or M’Gregor, a Highland drover, who stabs Harry Wakefield, and is found guilty at Carlisle.—Sir W. Scott, _The Two Drovers_ (time, George III.).

=MacCrosskie= (_Deacon_), of Creochstone, a neighbor of the laird of Ellangowan.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=MacDonald’s Breed= (_Lord_), vermin, or human parasites. Lord MacDonald, son of the “Lord of the Isles” once made a raid on the mainland. He and his followers dressed themselves in the clothes of the plundered party, but their own rags were so full of vermin that no one was poor enough to covet them.

=MacDougal of Lorn=, a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.—Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

=Macduff=, thane of Fife in the time of Edward the Confessor. One of the witches told Macbeth to “beware of the thane of Fife,” but another added that “none of woman born should have power to harm him.” Macduff was at this moment in England, raising an army to dethrone Macbeth, and place Malcolm (son of Duncan) on the throne. Macbeth did not know of his absence, but with a view of cutting him off, attacked his castle, and slew Lady Macduff with all her children. Having raised an army, Macduff led it to Dunsinane, where a furious battle ensued. Macduff encountered Macbeth, and being told by the king that “none of woman born could prevail against him,” replied that he (Macduff) was not _born_ of a woman, but—

——was from his mother’s womb Untimely ripp’d.

They fought and Macbeth was killed.—Shakespeare, _Macbeth_, act v. sc. 8.

=Macey.= Sturdy good man who refuses to give up a persecuted Quaker who has sought his house for refuge. Macey would keep off the posse with his gun, but the Friend yields himself up. When the attempt is made to arrest Macey, also, he and his wife escape by boat to the then desolate Island of Nautucket and make there a home.

“And yet that isle remaineth A refuge of the free, As when true-hearted Macey Beheld it from the sea. Free as the winds that winnow Her shrubless hills of sand, Free as the waves that batter Along her yielding land.” _Poems_, John Greenleaf Whittier.

=MacEagh= (_Ranald_), one of the “Children of the Mist,” and an outlaw. Ranald is the foe of Allan Macaulay.

_Kenneth M’Eagh_, grandson of Ranald M’Eagh.—Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

=Macedonicus=, Æmilius Paulus, conqueror of Perseus (b.c. 230-160).

=Macfie=, the laird of Gudgeonford, a neighbor of the laird of Ellangowan.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Macfin= (_Miles_), the cadie in the Canongate, Edinburgh.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=MacFittoch= (_Mr._), the dancing-master at Middlemas.—Sir W. Scott, _The Surgeon’s Daughter_ (time, George II.).

=MacFleck´noe=, in Dryden’s satire so called, is meant for Thomas Shadwell, who was promoted to the office of poet-laureate. The design of Dryden’s poem is to represent the inauguration of one dullard as successor of another in the monarchy of nonsense. R. Flecknoe was an Irish priest and hackney poet of no reputation, and _Mac_ in Celtic being _son_, “MacFlecknoe” means the son of the poetaster so named. Flecknoe, seeking for a successor to his own dulness, selects Shadwell to bear his mantle.

Shadwell alone my perfect image bears, Mature in dulness from his tender years;... The rest to some faint meaning make pretence, But Shadwell never deviates into sense. Dryden, _MacFlecknoe_ (a satire, 1682).

=McFlimsey= (_Miss Flora_). Fashion-mad heroine of William Allen Butler’s satire, _Nothing to Wear_. With a score of modish toilettes, she represented herself as unable to attend a ball, because she had nothing to wear (1857).

=MacGrainer= (_Master_), a dissenting minister at Kippletringan.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=MacGregor= (_Rob Roy_) or ROBERT CAMPBELL, the outlaw. He was a Highland freebooter.

_Helen M’Gregor_, Rob Roy’s wife.

_Hamish_ and _Robert Oig_, the sons of Rob Roy.—Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).

_MacGregor_, or Robin Oig M’Combich, a Highland drover, who stabbed Harry Wakefield at an ale-house. Being tried at Carlisle for the murder, he was found guilty and condemned.—Sir W. Scott, _The Two Drovers_ (time, George III.).

=MacGruther= (_Sandie_), a beggar imprisoned by Mr. Godfrey Bertram, laird of Ellangowan.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=MacGuffog= (_David_), keeper of Portanferry prison.

_Mrs. M’Guffog_, David’s wife.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Macham= (_Robert_), the discoverer of Madeira Island, to which he was driven while eloping with his lady-love (A.D. 1344). The lady soon died, and the mariners made off with the ship. Macham, after his mourning was over, made a rude boat out of a tree, and, with two or three men, putting forth to sea, landed on the shores of Africa. The Rev. W. L. Bowles has made the marvellous adventures of Robert Macham the subject of a poem; and Drayton, in his _Polyolbion_, xix, has devoted twenty-two lines to the same subject.

=Macheath= (_Captain_), captain of a gang of highwaymen; a fine, bold-faced ruffian, “game” to the very last. He is married to Polly Peachum, but finds himself dreadfully embarrassed between Polly, his wife, and Lucy, to whom he has promised marriage. Being betrayed by eight women at a drinking bout, the captain is lodged in Newgate, but Lucy effects his escape. He is recaptured, tried, and condemned to death; but, being reprieved, acknowledges Polly to be his wife, and promises to remain constant to her for the future.—J. Gay, _The Beggar’s Opera_ (1727).

=Machiavelli= (_Niccolo del_), of Florence, author of a book called _The Prince_, the object of which is to show that all is fair in diplomacy, as well as in “love and war” (1469-1527).

⁂ _Machiavellism_, political cunning and duplicity, the art of tricking and overreaching by diplomacy.

Tiberius, the Roman emperor, is called “The Imperial Machiavelli” (B.C. 42 to A.D. 37).

=MacIan= (_Gilchrist_), father of Ian Eachin M’Ian.

_Ian Eachin_ (or _Hector_) _M’Ian_, called Conachar, chief of the clan Quhele, son of Gilchrist M’Ian. Hector is old Glover’s Highland apprentice, and casts himself down a precipice, because Catharine Glover loves Henry Smith better than himself.—Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

=MacIlduy=, or Mhich Connel Dhu, a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.—Sir. W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

=MacIntyre= (_Maria_), niece of Mr. Jonathan Oldbuck, “the antiquary.”

_Captain Hector M’Intyre_, nephew of Mr. Jonathan Oldbuck, and brother of Maria M’Intyre.—Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, George III.).

=MacIvor= (_Fergus_), or “Vich Ian Vohr,” chief of Glennaquoich.

_Flora M’Ivor_, sister of Fergus, and the heroine of _Waverley_.—Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Mackitchinson=, landlord at the Queen’s Ferry Inn.—Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, George III.).

=Macklin.= The real name of this great actor was Charles MacLaughlin; but he dropped the middle syllable when he came to England (1690-1797).

_Macklin_ (_Sir_), a priest who preached to Tom and Bob and Billy, on the sinfulness of walking on Sundays. At his “sixthly” he said, “Ha, ha, I see you raise your hands in agony!” They certainly had raised their hands, for they were yawning. At his “twenty-firstly” he cried, “Ho, ho, I see you bow your heads in hear[t**]felt sorrow!” Truly they bowed their heads, for they were sleeping. Still on he preached and thumped his hat, when the bishop passing by, cried, “Bosh!” and walked him off.—W. S. Gilbert, _The Bab Ballads_ (“Sir Macklin”).

=Maclean= (_Sir Hector_), a Highland chief in the army of Montrose, Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

=Macleary= (_Widow_), landlady of the Tully Veolan village ale-house.—Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=MacLeish= (_Donald_), postilion to Mrs. Bethune Baliol.—Sir W. Scott, _Highland Widow_ (time, George II.).

=Macleod= (_Colin_ or _Cawdie_), a Scotchman, one of the house-servants of Lord Abberville, entrusted with the financial department of his lordship’s household. Most strictly honest and economical, Colin Macleod is hated by his fellow-servants, and, having been in the service of the family for many years, tries to check his young master in his road to ruin.

⁂ The object of the author in this character is “to weed out the unmanly prejudice of Englishmen against the Scotch,” as the object of _The Jew_ (another drama) was to weed out the prejudice of Christians against that much-maligned people.—Cumberland, _The Fashionable Lover_ (1780).

=Macleod of Dare.= Young Scotchman who visits London and loses his heart to a beautiful actress. She encourages him for a while, but in the end jilts him. In the insanity consequent upon the disappointment, he causes her death and his own.—William Black, _Macleod of Dare_.

=Macleuchar= (_Mrs._), bookkeeper at the coach-office in Edinburgh.—Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, George II.).

=MacLouis=, captain of the king’s guard.—Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

=Maclure= (_Elizabeth_), an old widow and a covenanter.—Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).

=MacMorlan= (_Mr._), deputy-sheriff, and guardian to Lucy Bertram.

_Mrs. M’Morlan_, his wife.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=MacMurrough=, “Nan Fonn,” the family bard at Glennaquoich to Fergus M’Ivor.—Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Ma´coma´=, a good and wise genius, who protects the prudent and pious against the wiles of all evil genii.—Sir C. Morell [J. Ridley], _Tales of the Genii_ (“The Enchanter’s Tale,” vi., 1751).

=MacPhadraick= (_Miles_), a Highland officer under Barcaldine, or Captain Campbell.—Sir W. Scott, _The Highland Widow_, (time, George II.).

=Macraw= (_Francis_), an old domestic at the earl of Glenallen’s.—Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, George III.).

=Macready= (_Pate_), a pedlar, the friend of Andrew Fairservice, gardener at Osbaldistone Hall.—Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).

=Mac´reons=, the British. Great Britain is the “Ireland of the Macreons.” The word is a Greek compound, meaning “long-lived,” “because no one is put to death there for his religious opinions.” Rabelais says the island “is full of antique ruins and relics of popery and ancient superstitions.”—Rabelais, _Pantag´ruel_ (1545).

⁂ Rabelais describes the persecutions which the Reformers met with as a storm at sea, in which Pantagruel and his fleet were tempest-tossed.

=Macro´bii= (“_the long-lived_”), an Ethiopian race, said to live to 120 years and upwards. They are the handsomest and tallest of all men, as well as the longest-lived.

=Macroth´umus=. long-suffering personified. (Greek, _makrothumia_=long suffering). Fully described in _The Purple Island_, (canto x.).—Phineas Fletcher (1633).

=MacSarcasm= (_Sir Archy_), in _Love à-la-mode,_ by C. Macklin (1779). Boaden says: “To Covent Garden, G. F. Cooke [1746-1812] was a great acquisition, as he was a ‘Shylock,’ an ‘Iago,’ a ‘Kitely,’ a ‘Sir Archy,’ and a ‘Sir Pertinax’ [_McSycophant_].” Leigh Hunt says that G. F. Cooke was a new kind of Macklin, and, like him, excelled in “Shylock” and “Sir Archy M’Sarcasm.”

⁂ “Shylock” in the _Merchant of Venice_ (Shakespeare); “Iago” in _Othello_ (Shakespeare); “Kitely” in _Every Man in His Humor_ (B. Jonson); “Sir Archy,” that is, “M’Sarcasm”; “Sir Pertinax McSycophant” in _The Man of the World_ (Macklin).

=MacSillergrip=, a Scotch pawnbroker, in search of Robin Scrawkey, his runaway apprentice, whom he pursues upstairs and assails with blows.

_Mrs. M’Sillergrip_, the pawnbroker’s wife, always in terror lest the manager should pay her indecorous attentions.—Charles Mathews (At home, in _Multiple_).

The skill with which Mathews [1775-1835] carried on a conversation between these three persons produced a most astonishing effect.—_Contemporary Paper_.

=MacStin´ger= (_Mrs._), a widow who kept lodgings at No. 9 Brig Place, on the brink of a canal near the India Docks. Captain Cuttle lodged there. Mrs. MacStinger was a termagant, and rendered the captain’s life miserable. He was afraid of her, and, although her lodger, was her slave. When her son, Alexander, was refractory, Mrs. MacStinger used to seat him on a cold paving-stone. She contrived to make Captain Bunsby her second husband.—C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).

=MacSyc´ophant= (_Sir Pertinax_), the hotheaded, ambitious father of Charles Egerton. His love for Scotland is very great, and he is continually quarrelling with his family because they do not hold his country in sufficient reverence.

I raised it [_my fortune_] by booing ... I never could stand straight in the presence of a great man, but always booed, and booed, and booed, as it were by instinct.—Act. iii. 1.

_Charles Egerton M’Sycophant_, son of Sir Pertinax. Egerton was the mother’s name. Charles Egerton marries Constantia.—C. Macklin, _The Man of the World_ (1764).

=Mactab= (_The Hon. Miss Lucretia_), sister of Lord Lofty, and sister-in-law of Lieutenant Worthington, “the poor gentleman.” Miss Lucretia was an old maid, “stiff as a ramrod.” Being very poor, she allowed the lieutenant “the honor of maintaining her,” for which “she handsomely gave him her countenance;” but when the lieutenant was obliged to discontinue his hospitality, she resolved to “countenance a tobacconist of Glasgow, who was her sixteenth cousin.”—G. Colman, _The Poor Gentleman_ (1802).

=MacTavish Mhor= or Hamish M’Tavish, a Highland outlaw.

_Elspat M’Tavish_, or “The Woman of the Tree,” widow of M’Tavish Mhor; “the Highland widow.” She prevents her son from joining his regiment, in consequence of which he is shot as a deserter, and Elspat goes mad.

_Hamish Beam M’Tavish_, son of Elspat M’Tavish. He joins a Highland regiment, and goes to visit his mother, who gives him a sleeping draught to detain him. As he does not join his regiment in time, he is arrested for desertion, tried, and shot at Dunbarton Castle.—Sir W. Scott, _Highland Widow_ (time, George II.).

=MacTurk= (_Captain Mungo_ or _Hector_), “the man of peace,” in the managing committee of the Spa Hotel.—Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan’s Well_ (time, George III.).

=MacVittie= (_Ephraim_), a Glasgow merchant, one of Osbaldistone’s creditors.—Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).

=MacWheeble= (_Duncan_), bailie at Tully Veolan, to the baron of Bradwardine.—Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Mad.= The Bedlam of Belgium is Gheel, where madmen reside in the houses of the inhabitants, generally one in each family.

Dymphna was a woman of rank, murdered by her father for resisting his incestuous passion, and became the tutelar saint of those stricken in spirit. A shrine in time rose in her honor, which for ten centuries has been consecrated to the relief of mental diseases. This was the origin of the insane colony of Gheel.

=Mad Cavalier= (_The_), Prince Rupert, of Bavaria, nephew of Charles I. He was noted for his rash courage and impetuosity (1619-1682).

=Mad Lover= (_The_), a drama by Beaumont and Fletcher (before 1618). The name of the “mad lover” is Memnon, who is general of Astorax, king of Paphos.

=Mad Poet= (_The_), Nathaniel Lee (1657-1690).

=Madasi´ma= (_Queen_), an important character in the old romance called _Am´adis de Gaul_; her constant attendant was Elis´abat, a famous surgeon, with whom she roamed in solitary retreats.

=Mad´elon=, cousin of Cathos, and daughter of Gor´gibus, a plain citizen of the middle rank of life. These two silly girls have had their heads turned by novels, and, thinking their names commonplace, Madelon calls herself Polixĕna, and Cathos calls herself Aminta. Two gentlemen wish to marry them, but the girls fancy their manners are too easy to be “stylish;” so the gentlemen send their valets to them, as the “marquis of Mascarille” and the “viscount of Jodelot.” The girls are delighted with these “real gentlemen;” but when the farce has been carried far enough, the masters enter and unmask the trick. The girls are thus taught a useful lesson, but are not subjected to any serious ill consequences.—Molière, _Les Précieuses Ridicules_ (1659).

=Mademoiselle.= What is understood by this word when it stands alone is Mdlle. de Montpensier, daughter of Gaston, duc d’Orléans, and cousin of Louis XIV.

Anne Marie Louis d’Orléans, duchesse de Montpensier, connue sous le nom de _mademoiselle_, née à Paris, 1627; m. 1693; était fille de Gaston d’Orléans frère de Louis XIII.—Bouillet.

_Mademoiselle_, the French lady’s-maid, waiting on Lady Fanciful; full of the grossest flattery, and advising her ladyship to the most unwarrantable intrigues. Lady Fanciful says, “The French are certainly the prettiest and most obliging people. They say the most acceptable, well-mannered things, and never flatter.” When induced to do what her conscience and education revolted at, she would playfully rebuke Mdlle. with, “Ah! la méchante Françoise!” to which Mdlle. would respond, “Ah! la belle Anglaise!”—Vanbrugh, _The Provoked Wife_ (1697).

=Madge Wildfire=, the insane daughter of old Meg Murdochson, the gypsy thief. Madge was a beautiful, but giddy girl, whose brain was crazed by seduction and the murder of her infant.—Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).

=Madman= (_Macedonia’s_), Alexander, the Great (B.C. 356, 336-323).

Heroes are much the same, the points agreed,

From Macedonia’s Madman, to the Swede [_Charles XII_.]. Pope, _Essay on Man_, iv. 219 (1733).

How vain, how worse than vain, at length appear The madman’s wish, the Macedonian tear! He wept for worlds to conquer; half the earth Knows not his name, or but his death and birth. Byron, _Age of Bronze_ (1819).

_Madman (The Brilliant)_, Charles XII., of Sweden (1682, 1697-1718).

=Madman of the North=, Charles XII., of Sweden (1682, 1697-1718).

=Madoc=, youngest son of Owain Gwynedd, king of North Wales (who died 1169). He is called “The Perfect Prince,” “The Lord of Ocean,” and is the very beau-ideal of a hero. Invincible, courageous, strong and daring, but amiable, merciful and tender-hearted; most pious, but without bigotry; most wise, but without dogmatism; most provident and far-seeing. He left his native country in 1170, and ventured on the ocean to discover a new world; his vessels reached America, and he founded a settlement near the Missouri. Having made an alliance with the Az´tecas, he returned to Wales for a fresh supply of colonists, and conducted six ships in safety to the new settlement, called Caer-Madoc. War soon broke out between the natives and the strangers; but the white men proving the conquerors, the Az´tecas migrated to Mexico. On one occasion, being set upon from ambush, Madoc was chained by one foot to “the stone of sacrifice,” and consigned to fight with six volunteers. His first opponent was Ocell´opan, whom he slew; his next was Tlalăla, “the tiger,” but during this contest Cadwallon came to the rescue.—Southey, _Madoc_ (1805).

... Madoc Put forth his well-rigged fleet to seek him foreign ground, And sailèd west so long, until that world he found ... Long ere Columbus lived. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ix. (1612).

=Mador= (_Sir_), a Scotch knight, who accused Queen Guinever of having poisoned his brother. Sir Launcelot du Lac challenged him to single combat and overthrew him; for which service King Arthur gave the queen’s champion La Joyeuse Garde as a residence.

=Mæce´nas= (_Caius Cilnius_), a wealthy Roman nobleman, a friend of Augustus, and liberal patron of Virgil, Horace, Propertius, and other men of genius. His name has become proverbial for a “munificent friend of literature” (died B.C. 8).

Are you not called a theatrical quidnunc and a mock Mæcēnas to second-hand authors?—Sheridan, _The Critic_, i. (1779).

=Mæ´nad=, a Bacchant, plu. =Mænads= or =Mæ´nades= (_3 syl._). So called from the Greek, _mainomai_ (“to be furious”), because they acted like mad women in their “religious” festivals.

Among the boughs did swelling Bacchus ride, Whom wild-grown Mænads bore. Phin. Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, vii. (1633).

=Mæon´ides= (_4 syl._). Homer is so called, either because he was son of Mæon, or because he was a native of Mæon´ia (_Lydia_). He is also called _Mæonius Senex_, and his poems _Mænonian Lays_.

When great Mæonides, in rapid song, The thundering tide of battle rolls along, Each ravished bosom feels the high alarms, And all the burning pulses beat to arms. Falconer, _The Shipwreck_, iii. 1 (1756).

=Mævius, any vile poet.= (See BAVIUS).

But if fond Bavius vent his clouted song, Or Mævius chant his thoughts in brothel charm, The witless vulgar, in a numerous throng, Like summer flies about the dunghill swarm ... Who hates not one may he the other love. Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, i. (1633).

=Magalo´na= (_The Fair_), daughter of the king of Naples. She is the heroine of an old romance of chivalry, originally written in French, but translated into Spanish in the fifteenth century. Cervantes alludes to this romance in _Don Quixote_. The main incident of the story turns on a flying horse made by Merlin, which came into the possession of Peter of Provence.—_The History of the Fair Magalona, and Peter, the son of the Count of Provence_.

⁂ Tieck has reproduced the history of Magalona in German (1773-1853).

=Mage Negro King=, Gaspar, king of Tarshish, a black Ethiop, and tallest of the three Magi. His offering was myrrh, indicative of death.

As the Mage negro king to Christ the babe. Robert Browning, _Luria_, i.

=Maggy=, the half-witted granddaughter of little Dorrit’s nurse. She had had a fever at the age of ten, from ill-treatment, and her mind and intellect never went beyond that period. Thus, if asked her age, she always replied, “Ten;” and she always repeated the last two or three words of what was said to her. She called Amy Dorritt “Little Mother.”

She was about eight and twenty, with large bones, large features, large feet and hands, large eyes, and no hair. Her large eyes were limpid and almost colorless; they seemed to be very little affected by light, and to stand unnaturally still. There was also that attentive listening expression in her face, which is seen in the faces of the blind; but she was not blind, having one tolerably serviceable eye. Her face was not exceedingly ugly, being redeemed by a smile.... A great white cap, with a quantity of opaque frilling ... apologized for Maggy’s baldness, and made it so difficult for her old black bonnet to retain its place on her head, that it held on round her neck like a gypsy’s baby.... The rest of her dress resembled sea-weed, with here and there a gigantic tea-leaf. Her shawl looked like a huge tea-leaf after long infusion.—C. Dickens, _Little Dorrit_, ix. (1857).

=Magi=, or _Three Kings of Cologne_, the “wise men from the East,” who followed the guiding-star to the manger in Bethlehem with offerings. Melchior, king of Nubia, the shortest of the three, offered gold, indicative of royalty; Balthazar, king of Chaldea, offered frankincense, indicative of divinity; and Gaspar, king of Tarshish, a black Ethiop, the tallest of the three, offered myrrh, symbolic of death.

Melchior means “king of light”; Balthazar “lord of treasures;” and Gaspar or Caspar, “the white one.”

⁂ Klopstock, in his _Messiah_, makes the Magi six in number, and gives the names as Hadad, Selima, Zimri, Mirja, Beled and Sunith—Bk. v. (1771).

=Magic Rings=, like that which Gyges, minister to King Candaules of Lydia, found in the flanks of a brazen horse. By means of this ring, which made its wearer invisible, Gyges first dishonored the queen, and then with her assistance, assassinated the king and usurped his throne.—_Plato’s Republic; Cicero’s Offices_.

=Magic Wands.= The hermit gave Charles the Dane and Ubaldo a wand, which, being shaken, infused terror into all who saw it.—Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).

The palmer who accompanied Sir Guyon had a wand of like virtue. It was made of the same wood as Mercury’s caduceus.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, ii. (1590).

=Magician of the North= (_The_), Sir W. Scott (1771-1832).

How beautifully has the Magician of the North described “The Field of Waterloo!”—Lord W.P. Lennox, _Celebrities, etc._, i. 16.

⁂ Johann Georg Hamann of Prussia, called himself “The Magician of the North” (1730-1788).

=Magliabechi=, the greatest book-worm that ever lived. He devoured books, and never forgot anything he read. He had also so exact a memory that he could tell the precise place and shelf of a book, as well as the volume and page of any passage required. He was the librarian of the Great-Duke Cosmo III. His usual dinner was three hard-boiled eggs and a draught of water (1633-1714).

=Magmu=, the coquette of Astracan.

Though naturally handsome, she used every art to set off her beauty. Not a word proceeded from her mouth that was not studied. To counterfeit a violent passion, to sigh _à propos_, to make an attractive gesture, to trifle agreeably, and collect the various graces of dumb eloquence into a smile, were the arts in which she excelled. She spent hours before her glass in deciding how a curl might be made to hang loose upon her neck to the greatest advantage; how to open and shut her lips so as best to show her teeth without affectation—to turn her face full or otherwise, as occasion might require. She looked on herself with ceaseless admiration, and always admired most the works of her own hand in improving on the beauty which nature had bestowed on her.—T. S. Gueulette, _Chinese Tales_ (“Magmu,” 1723).

=Magnanimous= (_The_), Alfonso of Aragon (1385, 1416-1458).

Khosru or Chosroës, the twenty-first of the Sassanĭdês, was surnamed _Noushirwan_ (“Magnanimous”) (*, 531-579).

=Magnano=, one of the leaders of the rabble that attacked Hudibras at a bear-baiting. The character is designed for Simeon Wait, a tinker, as famous an independent preacher as Burroughs. He used to style Cromwell “the archangel who did battle with the devil.”—S. Butler, _Hudibras_, i. 2 (1663).

=Magnificent= (_The_), Khosru or Chosroës I., of Persia (*, 531-579).

Lorenzo de Medici (1448-1492).

Robert, duc de Normandie; called _Le Diable_ also (*, 1028-1035).

Soliman I., greatest of the Turkish sultans (1493, 1520-1566).

=Magnus Troil=, honest, plain Zetlander, convivial in his habits, but frank and hospitable. He has two motherless daughters.—Walter Scott, _The Pirate_. (See MINNA and BRENDA.)

=Magog=, according to _Ezek._ xxxviii., xxxix., was a country or people over whom Gog was prince. Some say the Goths are meant, others the Persians, others the Scythians or the northern nations of Europe generally.

Sale says that Magog is the tribe called by Ptolemy “Gilân,” and by Strabo “Geli” or “Gelæ.”—_Al Korân_, xxviii. note. (See GOG).

_Magog_, one of the princes of Satan, whose ambition is to destroy hell.

=Magrico=, the champion of Isabella, of Portugal, who refused to pay truage to France. He vanquished the French champion, and thus liberated his country from tribute.

=Magua=, subtle and cruel Huron chief, whose unholy passion for Cora Munro is the cause of her death.—James Fenimore Cooper, _The Last of the Mohicans_ (1826).

=Magwitch= (_Abel_), a convict for life, the unknown father of Estella, who was adopted from infancy by Miss Havisham, the daughter of a rich banker. The convict, having made his escape to Australia, became a successful sheep farmer, and sent money secretly to Mr. Jaggers, a London lawyer, to educate Pip as a gentleman. When Pip was 23 years old Magwitch returned to England, under the assumed name of Provis, and made himself known to Pip. He was tracked by Orlick and Compeyson, arrested, condemned to death, and died in jail. All his money was confiscated.—C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860).

=Mahmut=, the “Turkish Spy,” who remained undiscovered in Paris for forty-five years, revealing to his Government all the intrigues of the Christian courts (1637-1682).

=Mahomet= or MOHAMMED, the titular name taken by Halaibi, founder of Islam (570-632.)

ADOPTED SON: Usma, son of Zaid, his freed-man. (See below, “Zainab.”)

ANGEL, who revealed the _Koran_ to Mahomet: Gabriel.

BANNER: Sanjak-sherif, kept in the Eyab mosque at Constantinople.

BIRTHPLACE: Mecca, A.D. 570.

BOW: Al Catûm (“the strong”), confiscated from the Jews. In his first battle he drew it with such force that it snapped in two.

CAMEL: Al Adha (“the slit-eared”) the swiftest of his camels. One of the ten dumb animals admitted into paradise.

CONCUBINES: Marīyeh, mother of Ibrahim, his son, was his favorite; but he had fourteen others.

COUSINS: Ali, his best friend: Abû Sofiân ebn al Hareth.

CUIRASS: Al Fadha. It was of silver, and was confiscated from the Jews.

DAUGHTERS BY KADIJAH; Zainab, Rukaijah, Umm Kulthûm, and Fâtima, his favorite (called one of the “three perfect women”).

DEFEAT: At Ohud, where it was reported that he was slain (A.D. 623).

DIED at Medīna, on the lap of Ayishah, his favorite wife, 11 Hedjrah (June 8, 632).

FATHER: Abdallah, of the family of Hâshim and tribe of Koreish. Abdallah was a small merchant, who died when his son was five years old. At the death of his father, his grandfather took charge of him; but he also died within two years. He then lived with his uncle Abu Taleb (from the age of 7 to 14). (See ZESBET).

FATHER-IN-LAW: Abû Bekr, father of his favorite wife, Ayishah.

FLIGHT: Hedjrah or Heg´ira, July 16, 622.

FOLLOWERS: called Moslem or Mussulmans.

GRANDSON: Abd-el-Motalleb.

HORSE: Al Borak (“the lightning”), brought to him by Gabriel, to carry him to the seventh heaven. It had the wings of an eagle, the face of a man, with the cheeks of a horse, and spoke Arabic.

JOURNEY TO HEAVEN (_The_), on Al Borak, is called Isra.

MOTHER: Amina or Aminta, of the family of Zuhra, and tribe of Koreish. (See ZESBET).

NICKNAME IN BOYHOOD: El Amin (“the safe man”).

PERSONAL APPEARANCE: Middle height, rather lean, broad shoulders, strongly built, abundance of black curly hair, coal-black eyes with thick lashes, nose large and slightly bent, beard long. He had between his shoulders a black mole, “the seal of prophecy.”

POISONED by Zainab, a Jewess, who placed before him poisoned meat, in 624. He tasted it, and ever after suffered from its effects, but survived eight years.

SCRIPTURE: _Al Korân_ (“the reading”). It is divided into 114 chapters.

SONS BY KADIJAH: Al Kâsim and Abd Manâf; both died in childhood. By Mariyeh (Mary) his concubine: Ibrahim, who died when 15 months old. Adopted son: Usma, the child of his freedman, Zaid. (See “ZAINAB”).

STANDARD: Bajura.

SUCCESSOR, Abû Bekr, his father-in-law (father of Ayishah).

SWORDS: Dhu´l Fakâr (“the trenchant”); Al Batter (“the striker”); Hatel (“the deadly”); Medham (“the keen”).

TRIBE: that of the Koraichites or Koraich or Koreish, on both sides.

UNCLES: Abu Taleb, a prince of Mecca, but poor; he took charge of the boy between the ages of 7 and 14, and was always his friend. Abû Laheb, who called him “a fool,” and was always his bitter enemy; in the _Korân_, exi., “the prophet” denounces him. Hamza, a third head of Islam.

VICTORIES: Bedr (624); Muta (629); Taïf (630); Honein (630 or 8 Hedjrah).

WHITE MULE: Fedda.

WIVES: Ten, and fifteen concubines.

(1) Kadijah, a rich widow of his own tribe. She had been twice married, and was 40 years of age (Mahomet being 15). Kadijah was his sole wife for twenty-five years, and brought him two sons and four daughters. (Fâtima was her youngest child).

(2) Souda, widow of Sokran, nurse of his daughter Fâtima. He married her in 621, soon after the death of his first wife. The following were simultaneous with Souda.

(3) Ayishah, daughter of Abû Bekr. She was only nine years old on her wedding day. This was his favorite wife, on whose lap he died. He called her one of the “three perfect women.”

(4) Hend, a widow, 28 years old. She had a son when she married. Her father was Omeya.

(5) Zainab, divorced wife of Zaid, his freed slave. Married 627 (5 Hedjrah).

(6) Barra, a captive, widow of a young Arab chief, slain in battle.

(7) Rehana, a Jewish captive. Her father was Simeon.

(8) Safīya, the espoused wife of Kenāna. This wife outlived the prophet for forty years. Mahomet put Kenana to death in order to marry her.

(9) Umm Habība (mother of Habiba), widow of Abû Sofian.

(10) Maimuna, who was 51 when he married her, and a widow. She survived all his ten wives.

⁂ It will be observed that most of Mahomet’s wives were widows.

_Mahomet._ Voltaire wrote a drama so entitled in 1738; and James Miller, in 1740, produced an English version of the same, called _Mahomet the Impostor_. The scheme of the play is this: Mahomet is laying siege to Mecca, and has in his camp Zaphna and Palmira, taken captives in childhood and brought up by him. They are really the children of Alcanor, the chief of Mecca, but know it not, and love each other. Mahomet is in love with Palmira, and sets Zaphna to murder Alcanor, pretending that it is God’s will. Zaphna obeys the behest, is told that Alcanor is his father, and is poisoned. Mahomet asks Palmira in marriage, and she stabs herself.

=Mahomet’s Coffin= is said to be suspended in mid-air. The wise ones affirm that the coffin is of iron, and is suspended by the means of loadstones. The faithful assert it is held up by four angels. Burckhardt says it is not suspended at all. A marabout told Labat:

Que le tombeau de Mahomet étoit porté en l’air par le moyen de certains Anges qui se relayent d’heure en heures pour soutenir ce fardeau.—Labat, _Afrique Occidentale_, ii. 143 (1728).

The balance always would hang even. Like Mah’met’s tomb ’twixt earth and heaven. Prior, _Alma_, ii. 199 (1717).

=Mahomet’s Dove=, a dove which. Mahomet taught to pick seed placed in his ear. The bird would perch on the prophet’s shoulder and thrust its bill into his ear to find its food; but Mahomet gave out that it was the Holy Ghost, in the form of a dove, sent to impart to him the counsels of God.—Dr. Prideaux, _Life of Mahomet_ (1697); Sir W. Raleigh, _History of the World_, I. i. 6 (1614).

Instance proud Mahomet ... The sacred dove whispering into his ear, That what his will imposed, the world must fear. Lord Brooke, _Declination of Monarchie_, etc. (1554-1628).

Was Mahomet inspirêd with a dove? Thou with an eagle art inspirêd [_Joan of Arc_]. Shakespeare, _I Henry VI._, act i. sc. 3 (1589).

=Mahomet’s Knowledge of Events.= Mahomet, in his coffin, is informed by an angel of every event which occurs respecting the faithful.

Il est vivant dans son tombeau. Il fait la prière dans ce tombeau à chaque fois que le crieur en fait la proclamation, et au même tems qu’on la recite. Il y a un ange posté sur son tombeau qui a le soin de lui donner avis des prières que les fidèles font pour lui.—Gagnier, _Vie de Mahomet_, vii. 18 (1723).

=Mahomet of the North=, Odin, both legislator and supreme deity.

=Mahoud=, son of a rich jeweller of Delhi, who ran through a large fortune in riotous living, and then bound himself in service to Bennaskar, who proved to be a magician. Mahoud impeached Bennaskar to the cadi, who sent officers to seize him; but, lo! Mahoud had been metamorphosed into the likeness of Bennaskar, and was condemned to be burnt alive. When the pile was set on fire, Mahoud became a toad, and in this form met the Sultan Misnar, his vizier, Horam, and the Princess Hemju´nah, of Cassimir, who had been changed into toads also.—Sir C. Morell [J. Ridley], _Tales of the Genii_ (“The Enchanter’s Tale,” vi., 1751).

=Mahound or Mahoun=, a name of contempt for Mahomet or any pagan god. Hence Ariosto makes Ferrau “blaspheme his Mahoun and Termagant” (_Orlando Furioso_, xii. 59).

Fitter for a turban for Mahound or Termagant, than the head-gear of a reasonable creature.—Sir W. Scott.

=Mahu=, the fiend-prince that urges to theft.

Five fiends have been in poor Tom at once; of lust, as Obidicut; Hobididance, prince of dumbness; Mahu, of stealing; Modo, of murder; and Flibbertigibbet, of mopping and mowing.—Shakespeare, _King Lear_, act iv. sc. 1 (1605).

=Maid Ma´rian=, a name assumed by Matilda, daughter of Robert, Lord Fitz-walter, while Robin Hood remained in a state of outlawry. She was poisoned with a poached egg at Dunmow Priory, by a messenger of King John sent for the purpose. This was because Marian was loved by the king, but rejected him. Drayton has written her legend.

He to his mistress dear, his lovëd Marian, Was ever constant known; which wheresoe’er she came, Was sovereign of the woods, chief lady of the game. Her clothes tucked to the knee, and dainty braided hair, With bow and quiver armed, she wandered here and there Amongst the forest wild. Diana never knew Such pleasures, nor such harts as Marian slew. _Polyolbion_, xxvi. (1622).

_Maid Marian_, introduced into the May-day morris-dance, was a boy dressed in girl’s clothes. She was queen of the May and used to wear a tinsel crown, and carry in her left hand a flower. Her coif was purple, her surcoat blue, her cuffs white, the skirts of her robe yellow, the sleeves carnation, and the stomacher red with yellow cross bars. (See MORRIS-DANCE.)

=Maid of Athens=, There´sa Macri, rendered famous by Byron’s song, “Maid of Athens, fare thee well!” Twenty-four years after this song was written, an Englishman sought out “the Athenian maid,” and found a beggar, without a single vestige of beauty. She was married and had a large family; but the struggle of her life was to find bread to keep herself and family from positive starvation. She lived to be over eighty years of age.

=Maid of Bath= (_The_), Miss Linley, who married R.B. Sheridan. Samuel Foote wrote a farce entitled _The Maid of Bath_, in which he gibbets Mr. Walter Long under the name of “Flint.”

=Maid of Honor= (_The_), by P. Massinger (1637). Cami´ola, a very wealthy, high-minded lady, was in love with Prince Bertoldo, brother of Roberto, king of the Two Sicilies; but Bertoldo, being a knight of Malta, could not marry without a dispensation from the pope. While matters were in this state Bertoldo led an army against Aurelia, duchess of Sienna, and was taken prisoner. Camiŏla paid his ransom, and Aurelia commanded the prisoner to be brought before her. Bertoldo came; the duchess fell in love with him and offered marriage, and Bertoldo, forgetful of Camiola, accepted the offer. The betrothed then presented themselves to the king, when Camiola exposed the conduct of Bertoldo. The king was indignant at the baseness, Aurelia rejected Bertoldo with scorn, and Camiola took the veil.

=Maid of Mariendorpt= (_The_), a drama by S. Knowles, based on Miss Porter’s novel of _The Village of Mariendorpt_ (1838). The “maid” is Meeta, daughter of Mahldenau, minister of Mariendorpt, and betrothed to Major Rupert Roselheim. The plot is this; Mahldenau starts for Prague in search of Meeta’s sister, who fell into some soldiers’ hands in infancy during the siege of Magdeburg. On entering Prague, he is seized as a spy, and condemned to death. Meeta, hearing of his capture, walks to Prague to plead for his life, and finds that the governor’s “daughter” is her lost sister. Rupert storms the prison and releases Mahldenau.

=Maid of Norway=, Margaret, daughter of Eric II. and Margaret of Norway. She was betrothed to Edward, son of Edward I., of England, but died on her passage (1290).

=Maid of Orleans=, Jeanne d’Arc, famous for having raised the siege of Orleans, held by the English. The general tradition is that she was burnt alive as a witch, but this is doubted (1412-1431).

=Maid of Perth= (_Fair_), Catharine Glover, daughter of Simon Glover, the old glover of Perth. She kisses Henry Smith while asleep on St. Valentine’s morning, and ultimately marries him.—Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

=Maid of Saragoza=, Augustina, noted for her heroism at the siege of Saragoza, 1808-9.—See Southey’s _History of the Peninsular War_.

Her lover sinks—she sheds no ill-timed tear; Her chief is slain—she fills his fatal post; Her fellows flee—she checks their base career; The foe retires—she heads the sallying host. ... the flying Gaul. Foiled by a woman’s hand, before a battered wall. Byron, _Childe Harold_, i. 56, (1809).

=Maid of the Mill= (_The_), an opera by Isaac Bickerstaff. Patty, the daughter of Fairfield, the miller, was brought up by Lord Aimworth’s mother. At the death of Lady Aimworth, Patty returned to the mill, and her father promised her in marriage to Farmer Giles; but Patty refused to marry him. Lord Aimworth about the same time betrothed himself to Theodosia, the daughter of Sir Harry Sycamore; but the young lady loved Mr. Mervin. When Lord Aimworth knew of this attachment, he readily yielded up his betrothed to the man of her choice, and selected for his bride, Patty, “the maid of the mill” (1765).

=Maid of the Oaks= (_The_), a two-act drama by J. Burgoyne. Maria, “the maid of the Oaks,” is brought up by Oldworth, of Oldworth Oaks, as his ward, but is informed on the eve of her marriage with Sir Harry Groveby that she is Oldworth’s daughter. The under-plot is between Sir Charles Dupely and Lady Bab Lardoon. Dupely professed to despise all women, and Lady Lardoon was “the princess of dissipation;” but after they fell in with each other, Dupely confessed that he would abjure his creed, and Lady Lardoon avowed that henceforth she renounced the world of fashion and its follies.

=Maid’s Tragedy= (_The_). The “maid” is Aspa´tia, the troth-plight wife of Amintor, who, at the king’s command, is made to marry Evad´ne (3 _syl._). Her death forms the tragical event which gives name to the drama.—Beaumont and Fletcher (1610).

(The scene between Antony and Ventidius, in Dryden’s tragedy of _All for Love_, is copied from _The Maid’s Tragedy_, where “Melantius” answers to Ventidius).

=Maiden= (_The_), a kind of guillotine, introduced into Scotland by the Regent Morton, who was afterwards beheaded by it. The “maiden” resembled in form a painter’s easel about ten feet high. The victim placed his head on a cross-bar some four feet from the bottom, kept in its place by another bar. In the inner edges of the frame were grooves, in which slid a sharp axe weighted with lead and supported by a long cord. When all was ready, the cord was cut, and down fell the axe with a thud.—Pennant, _Tour in Scotland_, iii. 365 (1771).

The unfortunate earl [_Argyll_] was appointed to be beheaded by the “maiden.”—Sir W. Scott. _Tales of a Grandfather_, ii. 53.

The Italian instrument of execution was called the _mannaïa._ The apparatus was erected on a scaffold; the axe was placed between two perpendiculars. ... In Scotland the instrument of execution was an inferior variety of the _mannaïa_.—_Memoirs of the Sansons_, i. 257.

It seems pretty clear that the “maiden” ... is merely a corruption of the Italian _mannaïa_.—A.G. Reid.

=Maiden King= (_The_), Malcolm IV., of Scotland (1141, 1153-1165).

Malcolm, ... son of the brave and generous Prince Henry, ... was so kind and gentle in his disposition that he was usually called Malcolm “the Maiden.”—Sir W. Scott, _Tales of a Grandfather_, iv.

=Maiden Queen= (_The_), Elizabeth of England (1583, 1558-1603).

=Maiden of the Mist= (_The_), Anne of Geierstein, daughter of Count Albert of Geierstein. She is the baroness of Arnheim.—Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Maidens’ Castle= (_The_), on the Severn. It was taken from a duke by seven knights, and held by them till Sir Galahad expelled them. It was called “The Maidens’ Castle,” because these knights made a vow that every maiden who passed it should be made a captive. This is an allegory.

=Mailsetter= (_Mrs._), keeper of the Fairport post-office.

_Davie Mailsetter_, her son.—Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, George III.).

=Maimou´ne= (_3 syl._), a fairy, daughter of Damriat, “king of a legion of genii.” When the Princess Badoura, in her sleep, was carried to the bed of Prince Camaral´zaman, to be shown to him, Maimounê changed herself into a flea, and bit the prince’s neck to wake him. Whereupon he sees the sleeping princess by his side, falls in love with her, and afterwards marries her.—_Arabian Nights_ (“Camaralzaman and Badoura”).

=Mai´muna= or =Maimu´na=, one of the sorceresses of Dom-Daniel, who repents and turns to Allah. Thal´aba first encounters her, disguised as an old woman spinning the finest thread. He greatly marvels at its extreme fineness, but she tells him he cannot snap it; whereupon he winds it round his two wrists, and becomes powerless. Maimuna, with her sister-sorceress, Khwala, then carry him to the island of Moha´reb, where he is held in durance; but Maimuna releases him, repents, and dies.—Southey, _Thalaba, the Destroyer_, ix. (1797).

=Mainote= (_2 syl._), a pirate who infests the coast of Attica.

... boat Of island-pirate of Mainote. Byron, _The Giaour_ (1813).

=Mainy= (_Richard_), out of whom the Jesuits cast the seven deadly sins, each in the form of some representative animal. As each devil came forth, Mainy indicated the special sin by some trick or gesture. Thus, for _pride_, he pretended to curl his hair, for _gluttony_, to vomit, for _sloth_, to gape, and so on.—Bishop Harsnett, _Declaration of Popish Impostures_, 279, 280.

=Maitland= (_Thomas_), the pseudonym of Robert Buchanan, in _The Contemporary Review_, when he attacked the “Fleshly school.”

=Maitre des Forges.= By Georges Ohnet. A wealthy ironmaster, Phillippe Derblay, who loves Clarie de Beaulieu. In pique at her desertion by her high-born love, Gaston de Bligny, Clarie accepts and marries Phillippe. She eventually learns to love him.

=Malachi=, the canting, preaching assistant of Thomas Turnbull, a smuggler and schoolmaster.—Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

=Malacoda=, the fiend sent as an envoy to Virgil, when he conducted Dantê through hell.—Dantè, _Hell_, xxi. (1300).

=Malade Imaginaire= (_Le_), Mons. Argan, who took seven mixtures and twelve lavements in one month instead of twelve mixtures with twenty lavements, as he had hitherto done. “No wonder,” he says, “he is not so well.” He fancies his wife loves him dearly, and that his daughter is undutiful, because she declines to marry a young medical prig instead of Cléante (_2 syl._) whom she loves. His brother persuades “the malade” to counterfeit death, in order to test the sincerity of his wife and daughter. The wife rejoices greatly at his death, and proceeds to filch his property, when Argan starts up and puts an end to her pillage. Next comes the daughter’s turn. When she hears of her father’s death, she bewails him with great grief, says she has lost her best friend, and that she will devote her whole life in prayer for the repose of his soul. Argan is delighted, starts up in a frenzy of joy, declares she is a darling, and shall marry the man of her choice freely, and receive a father’s blessing.—Molière, _Le Malade Imaginaire_ (1673).

=Malagi´gi=, son of Buovo, brother of Aldĭger and Vivian (of Clarmont’s race), one of Charlemagne’s paladins, and cousin of Rinaldo. Being brought up by the fairy Orianda, he became a great enchanter.—Oriosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).

=Malagri´da= (_Gabriel_), an Italian Jesuit and missionary to Brazil, who was accused of conspiring against the king of Portugal (1689-1761).

Lord Shelburne was nicknamed “Malagrida.” He was a zealous oppositionist during Lord North’s administration (1737-1805).

=Malagrowther= (_Sir Mungo_), a crabbed old courtier, soured by misfortune, and peevish from infirmities. He tries to make every one as sour and discontented as himself.—Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).

_Malagrowther (Malachi)_, Sir W. Scott, “On the proposed change of currency, etc.” (1826).

Lockhart says that these “diatribes produced in Scotland a sensation not inferior to that of the Drapier’s letters in Ireland.” They came out in the _Edinburgh Weekly Journal_.

=Malambru´no=, a giant, first cousin to Queen Maguncia, of Candaya. “Exclusive of his natural barbarity, Malambruno was also a wizard,” who enchanted Don Calvijo and the Princess Antonomasia—the former into a crocodile of some unknown metal, and the latter into a monkey of brass. The giant sent Don Quixote the wooden horse, and was appeased “by the simple attempt of the knight to disenchant the victims of his displeasure.”—Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II. iii. 4, 5, (1615).

=Malaprop= (_Mrs._), aunt and guardian to Lydia Languish, the heiress. Mrs. Malaprop sets her cap at Sir Lucius O’Trigger, “a tall Irish baronet,” and corresponds with him under the name of Delia. Sir Lucius fancies it is the niece, and, when he discovers his mistake, declines the honor of marriage with the aunt. Mrs. Malaprop is a synonym for those who misapply words without mispronouncing them. Thus Mrs. Malaprop talks of a _Darbyshire putrefaction_, an _allegory on the banks of the Nile_, a _barbarous Vandyke_, she requests that _no delusions to the past_ be made, and talks of flying with the _utmost felicity_.—Sheridan, _The Rivals_ (1775).

(Mrs. Malaprop’s name is itself a clever invention; by no means _mal à propos_.)

=Malbecco=, “a cankered, crabbed carl,” very wealthy and very miserly, husband of a young wife named Hel´inore (_3 syl._), of whom he is very jealous, and not without cause. Helinore, falling in love with Sir Paridel, her guest, sets fire to the closet where her husband keeps his treasures, and elopes with Paridel, while Malbecco stops to put out the flames. This done, Malbecco starts in pursuit, and finds that Paridel has tired of the dame, who has become the satyr’s dairy-maid. He soon finds her out, but she declines to return with him; and he, in desperation, throws himself from a rock, but receives no injury. Malbecco then creeps into a cave, feeds on toads and frogs, and lives in terror lest the rock should crush him or the sea overwhelm him. “Dying, he lives on, and can never die,” for he is no longer Malbecco, “but JEALOUSY is hight.”—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iii. 9, 10 (1590).

=Malbrough´=, corrupted in English into _Malbrook_, the hero of a popular French song. Generally thought to refer to John Churchill, duke of Marlborough, so famous for his victories over the French in the reign of Louis XIV.; but no incident of the one corresponds with the life of the other. The Malbrough of the song was evidently a crusader or ancient baron, who died in battle; and his lady, climbing the castle tower and looking out for her lord, reminds one of the mother of Sisera, who “looked out at a window, and cried through the lattice, ‘Why is his chariot so long in coming? Why tarry the wheels of his chariots? ... Have they not sped? Have they not divided the spoil?’” (_Judges_, v. 28-30). The following are the words of the song:—

“Malbrough is gone to the wars. Ah! when will he return?” “He will come back by Easter, lady, or at latest by Trinity.” “No, no! Easter is past, and Trinity is past; but Malbrough has not returned.” Then did she climb the castle tower, to look out for his coming. She saw his page, but he was clad in black. “My page, my bonnie page,” cried the lady, “what tidings bring you—what tidings of my lord?” “The news I bring,” said the page, “is very sad, and will make you weep. Lay aside your gay attire, lady, your ornaments of gold and silver, for my lord is dead. He is dead, lady, and laid in earth. I saw him borne to his last home by four officers; one carried his cuirass, one his shield, one his sword, and the fourth walked beside the bier, but bore nothing. They laid him in earth. I saw his spirit rise through the laurels. They planted his grave with rosemary. The nightingale sang his dirge. The mourners fell to the earth; and when they rose up again, they chanted his victories. Then retired they all to rest.”

This song used to be sung as a lullaby to the infant son of Louis XVI.; and Napoleon I. never mounted his charger for battle without humming the air of _Malbrough s’en va-t-en guerre_. Mon. de Las Casas says he heard him hum the same air a little before his death.

=Malbrouk=, of Basque legend, is a child brought up by his godfather of the same name. At the age of seven he is a tall, full-grown man, and, like Proteus, can assume any form by simply naming the form he wishes to assume. Thus, by saying “Jesus, ant,” he becomes an ant; and “Jesus, pigeon,” he becomes a pigeon. After performing most wonderful prodigies, and releasing the king’s three daughters who had been stolen by his godfather, he marries the youngest of the princesses, and succeeds the king on his throne.

⁂ The name Malbrouk occurs in the _Chanson de Gestes_, and in the Basque _Pastorales_. (See above MALBROUGH.)

=Malcolm=, surnamed “Can More” (“great head”), eldest son of Duncan, “the Meek,” king of Scotland. He, with his father and younger brother, was a guest of Macbeth at Inverness Castle, when Duncan was murdered. The two young princes fled—Malcolm to the English court, and his brother Donalbain to Ireland. When Macduff slew Macbeth in the battle of Dunsin´ane, the son of Duncan was set on the throne of Scotland, under the name and title of Malcolm III.—Shakespeare, _Macbeth_ (1606).

=Mal´ecasta=, the mistress of Castle Joyous, and the impersonation of lust. Britomart (the heroine of chastity) entered her bower, after overthrowing four of the six knights that guarded it; and Malecasta sought to win the stranger to wantonness, not knowing her sex. Of course, Britomart resisted all her wiles, and left the castle next morning.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iii. 1 (1590).

=Maledisaunt=, a damsel who threw discredit on her knightly lover to prevent his encountering the danger of the battlefield. Sir Launcelot condoned her offense, and gave her the name of Bienpensaunt.

The Cape of Good Hope was called the “Cape of Storms” (_Cabo Tormentoso_) by Bartholomew Diaz, when discovered in 1493; but the king of Portugal (John II.) changed the name to “Good Hope.”

So the Euxine (that is, “the hospitable”) Sea was originally called “The Axine” (or “the inhospitable”) Sea.

=Maleffort=, seneschal of Lady Bria´na; a man of “mickle might,” slain by Sir Calidore.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, vi. 1 (1596).

=Male´ger=, (_3 syl._), captain of the host which besieged Body Castle, of which Alma was queen. Prince Arthur found that his sword was powerless to wound him, so he took him up in his arms and tried to crush him, but without effect. At length the prince remembered that the earth was the carl’s mother, and supplied him with new strength and vigor as often as he went to her for it; so he carried the body, and flung it into a lake. (See ANTÆOS.)—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, ii. 11 (1590).

=Malen´gin=, Guile personified. When attacked by Talus, he changed himself into a fox, a bush, a bird, a hedgehog, and a snake; but Talus, with his iron flail, beat him to powder, and so “deceit did the deceiver fail.” On his back Malengin carried a net “to catch fools” with.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. 9 (1596).

=Malepardus=, the castle of Master Reynard, the fox, in the beast epic of _Reynard the Fox_ (1498).

=Males and Females.= The proportion in England is 104.5 males to 100 females; in Russia it is 108.9; and the Jews in Livonia give the ratio of 120 males born to every 100 females. The mortality of males in infancy exceeds that of females, and war greatly disturbs the balance.

=Mal-Fet= (_The chevalier_), the name assumed by Sir Launcelot in Joyous Isle, during his fit of madness, which lasted two years.—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, iii. (1470).

=Malfort= (_Mr._), a young man who has ruined himself by speculation.

_Mrs. Malfort_, the wife of the speculator, “houseless, friendless, defenceless, and forlorn.” The wants of Malfort are temporarily relieved by the bounty of Frank Heartall and the kindness of Mrs. Cheerly “the soldier’s daughter.” The return of Malfort, senior, from India, restores his son to ease and affluence.—Cherry, _The Soldier’s Daughter_ (1804).

=Malfy= (_Duchess of_), twin-sister of Ferdinand, duke of Calabria. She fell in love with Antonio, her steward, and gave thereby mortal offense to her twin-brother, Ferdinand, and to her brother, the cardinal, who employed Bosola to strangle her.—John Webster, _Duchess of Malfy_ (1618).

=Malgo,= a mythical king of Britain, noted for his beauty and his vices, his munificence and his strength. Malgo added Ireland, Iceland, Gothland, the Orkneys, Norway, and Dacia to his dominions. Geoffrey, _British History_, xi. 7 (1142).

Next Malgo ... first Orkney overran. Proud Denmark then subdued, and spacious Norway wan. Seized Iceland for his own, and Gothland to each shore. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xix. (1622).

=Malesherbes= (2 _syl._). If anyone asked Malesherbes his opinion about any French words, he always sent him to the street porters at the Port au Foin, saying that they were his “masters in language.”—Racan, _Vie de Malesherbes_ (1830).

It is said that Shakespeare read his plays to an oyster-woman when he wished to know if they would suit the popular taste.

=Mal´inal=, brother of Yuhid´thiton. When the Aztecas declared war against Madoc and his colony, Malinal cast in his lot with the white strangers. He was a noble youth, who received two arrow-wounds in his leg while defending the white women; and being unable to stand, fought in their defense on his knees. When Malinal was disabled, Amal´ahta caught up the princess, and ran off with her; but Mervyn the “young page” (in fact a girl) struck him on the hamstrings with a bill-hook, and Malinal, crawling to the spot, thrust his sword in the villain’s groin and killed him.—Southey, _Madoc_, ii. 16 (1805).

=Mal´iom.= Mahomet is so called in some of the old romances.

“Send five, send six against me! By Maliom! I swear I’ll take them all.”—_Fierabras_.

=Malkin.= The maid Marian of the morris-dance is so called by Beaumont and Fletcher:

Put on the shape of order and humanity, Or you must marry Malkin, the May-Lady. _Monsieur Thomas_ (1619).

=Mall Cutpurse=, Mary Frith, a thief and receiver of stolen goods. John Day, in 1610, wrote “a booke called _The Madde Prancks of Merry Mall of the Bankside, with her Walks in Man’s Apparel, and to what Purpose_.” It is said that she was an androgyne (1584-1659).

=Malluch=, merchant of Antioch, who befriends Ben-Hur when he most needs substantial aid.—Lew Wallace, _Ben-Hur; A Tale of the Christ_ (1880).

=Mal-Orchol=, king of Fuär´fed (an island of Scandinavia). Being asked by Ton-Thormod to give him his daughter in marriage, he refused, and the rejected suitor made war on him. Fingal sent his son Ossian to assist Mal-Orchol, and on the very day of his arrival he took Ton-Thormod prisoner. Mal-Orchol, in gratitude, now offered Ossian his daughter in marriage; but Ossian pleaded for Ton-Thormod, and the marriage of the lady with her original suitor was duly solemnized. (The daughter’s name was Oina-Moral).—Ossian, _Oina-Morul_.

=Malony= (_Kitty_), a much maltreated cook, to whom her mistress introduced a “hay-thun Chineser” as an assistant. His imitation, in good faith, of her practice of taking toll of groceries brought into the kitchen awakens her employer’s suspicions.

“She give me such sass as I cudn’t take from no lady, an’ I give her warnin’, an’ left that instant, an’ she a-pointin’ to the door.”—Mary Mapes Dodge, _Thophilus and Others_ (1876).

=Maltworm=, a tippler. Similarly, bookworm means a student.

=Mal´venu=, Lucif´ĕra’s porter.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, i. 4 (1590).

=Malvina=, daughter of Toscar. She was betrothed to Oscar, son of Ossian; but he was slain in Ulster by Cairbar, before the day of marriage arrived.—_Temora_, i.

I was a lovely tree in thy presence, Oscar, with all my branches round me; but thy death came like a blast from the desert, and laid my green head low. The spring returned with its showers; no leaf of mine arose.... The tear was on the cheek of Malvina.—Ossian, _Croma_.

=Malvoisin= (_Sir Albert de_), a preceptor of the Knights Templars.

_Sir Philip de Malvoisin_, one of the knights challengers at the tournament.—Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).

=Malvo´lio=, Olivia’s steward. When he reproves Sir Toby Belch for riotous living, the knight says to him, “Dost thou think, because thou art virtuous, there shall be no more cakes and ale?” Sir Toby and Sir Andrew Ague-cheek join Maria in a trick against the steward. Maria forges a letter in the handwriting of Olivia, leading Malvolio to suppose that his mistress is in love with him, telling him to dress in yellow stockings, and to smile on the lady. Malvolio falls into the trap; and when Olivia shows astonishment at his absurd conduct, he keeps quoting parts of the letter he has received, and is shut up in a dark room as a lunatic.—Shakespeare, _Twelfth Night_ (1614).

=Mamamouchi,= an imaginary order of knighthood. M. Jourdain, the _parvenu_, is persuaded that the grand seignior of the order has made him a member, and he submits to the ceremony of a mock installation.—Molière, _Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme_ (1670).

All the women most devoutly swear, Each would be rather a poor actress here Than to be made a Mamamouchi there. Dryden.

=Mambrino’s Helmet=, a helmet of pure gold, which rendered the wearer invisible. It was taken possession of by Rinaldo, and stolen by Scaripantê.

Cervantes tells us of a barber who was caught in a shower of rain, and who, to protect his hat, clapped his brazen basin on his head. Don Quixote insisted that this basin was the helmet of the Moorish king; and, taking possession of it, wore it as such.

⁂ When the knight set the galley-slaves free, the rascals “snatched the basin from his head, and _broke it to pieces_” (pt. I. iii. 8); but we find it sound and complete in the next book (ch. 15), when the gentlemen at the inn sit in judgment on it, to decide whether it is really a “helmet or a basin.” The judges, of course, humor the don, and declare the basin to be an undoubted helmet.—Cervantes, _Don Quixote_ (1605).

“I will lead the life I have mentioned, till, by the force and terror of my arm, I take a helmet from the head of some other knight.” ... The same thing happened about Mambrino’s helmet, which cost Scaripante so dear.—Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. ii. 2 (1605).

=Mamillius=, a young prince of Sicilia.—Shakespeare, _Winter’s Tale_ (1604).

=Mammon=, the personification of earthly ambition, be it wealth, honors, sensuality, or what not. “Ye cannot serve God and Mammon” (_Matt_. vi. 24). Milton makes Mammon one of the rebellious angels:

Mammon, the least-erected spirit that fell From heaven; for e’en in heaven his looks and thoughts Were always downward bent, admiring more The riches of heaven’s pavement, trodden gold, Than aught, divine or holy, else enjoyed. _Paradise Lost_, i. 679, etc. (1665).

_Mammon_ tells Sir Guyon, if he will serve him, he shall be the richest man in the world; but the knight replies that money has no charm in his sight. The god then takes him into his smithy, and tells him to give any order he likes; but Sir Gruyon declines the invitation. Mammon next offers to give the knight Philotine to wife; but Sir Gruyon still declines. Lastly, the knight is led to Proserpine’s bower, and told to pluck some of the golden fruit, and to rest him awhile on the silver stool; but Sir Gruyon resists the temptation. After three day’s sojourn in the infernal regions, the knight is led back to earth, and swoons.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, ii. 7 (1590).

_Mammon_ (_Sir Epicure_), the rich dupe who supplies Subtle, “the alchemist,” with money to carry on his artifices, under pretence of transmuting base metals into gold. Sir Epicure believes in the possibility, and glories in the mighty things he will do when the secret is discovered.—Ben Jonson, _The Alchemist_ (1610).

=Mammoth= (_The_), or big buffalo, is an emblem of terror and destruction among the American Indians. Hence, when Brandt, at the head of a party of Mohawks and other savages, was laying waste Pennsylvania, and approached Wyo´ming, Outalissi exclaims:

The mammoth comes—the foe—the monster Brandt, With all his howling, desolating band ... Red is the cup they drink, but not of wine! Campbell, _Gertrude of Wyoming_, iii. 16 (1809).

=Mammoun=, eldest of the four sons of Corcud. One day he showed kindness to a mutilated serpent, which proved to be the fairy Gialout, who gave him for his humanity the power of joining and mending whatever was broken. He mended a pie’s egg which was smashed into twenty pieces, and so perfectly that the egg was hatched. He also mended in a moment a ship which had been wrecked and broken in a violent storm.—T.S. Gueulette, _Chinese Tales_ (“Corcud and His four Sons,” 1723).

=Man.= His descent according to the Darwinian theory: (1) The larvæ of ascidians, a marine mollusc; (2) fish lowly organized, as the lancelet; (3) ganoids, lepidosiren, and other fish; (4) amphibians; (5) birds and reptiles; (6) from reptiles we get the monotremata, which connects reptiles with the mammalia; (7) the marsupials; (8) placental mammals; (9) lemurĭdæ; (10) simiădæ; (11) the New World monkeys called platyrhines, and the Old World monkeys called catarrhines; (12) between the catarrhines and the race of men the “missing link” is placed by some; but others think between the highest organized ape and the lowest organized man the gradation is simple and easy.

_Man_ (_Races of_). According to the Bible, the whole human race sprang from one individual, Adam. Virey affirms there were two original pairs. Jacquinot and Latham divide the race into three primordial stocks; Kent into four; Blumenbach into five; Buff on into six; Hunter into seven; Agassiz into eight; Pickering into eleven; Bory St. Vincent into fourteen; Desmoulins into sixteen; Morton into twenty-two; Crawfurd into sixty; and Burke into sixty-three.

=Man in Black= (_The_), said to be meant for Goldsmith’s father. A true oddity, with the tongue of a Timon and the heart of an Uncle Toby. He declaims against beggars, but relieves every one he meets; he ridicules generosity, but would share his last cloak with the needy.—Goldsmith, _Citizen of the World_ (1759).

⁂ Washington Irving has a tale called _The Man in Black_.

=Man in the Moon= _(The)_. Some say it is the man who picked up a bundle of sticks on the Sabbath day (_Numb._ xv. 32-36). Dantê says it is Cain, and that the “bush of thorns” is an emblem of the curse pronounced on the earth: “Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee” (_Gen._ iii. 18). Some say it is Endymion, taken there by Diana.

The _curse_ pronounced on the “man” was this: “As you regarded not ‘Sunday’ on earth, you shall keep a perpetual ‘Moon-day’ in heaven.” This, of course, is a Teutonic tradition.

The _bush of thorns_, in the Schaumburglippê version, is to indicate that the man strewed thorns in the church path, to hinder people from attending mass on Sundays.

Now doth Cain with fork of thorns confine On either hemisphere, touching the wave Beneath the towers of Seville. Yesternight The moon was round. Dantê, _Inferno_, xx (1300).

Her gite was gray and full of spottis black. And on her brest a chorle painted ful even, Bering a bush of thornis on his back, Which for his theft might clime so ner the heven. Chaucer.

A North Frisian version gives _cabbages_ instead of a faggot of wood.

⁂ There are other traditions, among which may be mentioned “The Story of the Hare and the Elephant.” In this story “the man in the moon” is a hare.—_Pantschatantra_ (a collection of Sanskrit fables).

_Man in the Moon_, a man who visits the “inland parts of Africa.”—W. Thomson, _Mammuth_ or _Human Nature Displayed on a Grand Scale_ (1789).

_Man in the Moon_, the man who, by the aid of a magical glass, shows Charles Fox (the man of the people), various eminent contemporaries.—W. Thomson, _The Man in the Moon_ or _Travels into the Lunar Regions_ (1783).

=Man of Blood.= Charles I. was so called by the puritans, because he made war on his parliament. The allusion is to 2 _Sam._ xvi. 7.

=Man of Brass=, Talos, the work of Hephæstos (_Vulcan_). He traversed the Isle of Crete thrice a year. Apollo´nius (_Argonautica_, iv.) says he threw rocks at the Argonauts, to prevent their landing. It is also said that when a stranger was discovered on the island, Talos made himself red-hot, and embraced the intruder to death.

That portentous Man of Brass Hephæstus made in days of yore, Who stalked about the Cretan shore, And saw the ships appear and pass, And threw stones at the Argonauts. Longfellow, _The Wayside Inn_ (1863).

=Man of December.= Napoleon III. So called because he was made president December 11, 1848; made the _coup d’état_, December 2, 1851; and was made emperor December 2, 1852.

(Born in the Rue Lafitte, Paris (_not_ in the Tuileries), April 20, 1808; reigned 1852-1870; died at Chiselhurst, Kent, January 9, 1873).

=Man of Destiny=, Napoleon I., who always looked upon himself as an instrument in the hands of destiny, and that all his acts were predestined.

The Man of Destiny ... had power for a time “to bind kings with chains, and nobles with fetters of iron.”—Sir W. Scott.

=Man of Feeling= (_The_), Harley, a sensitive, bashful, kind-hearted, sentimental sort of a hero.—H. Mackenzie, _The Man of Feeling_ (1771).

⁂ Sometimes Henry Mackenzie is himself called “The Man of Feeling.”

=Man of Ross=, John Kyrle, of Ross, in Herefordshire, distinguished for his benevolence and public spirit. “Richer than miser, nobler than king or king-polluted lord.”—Pope, _Epistle_, iii. (“On the Use of Riches,” 1709).

=Man of Salt= (_A_). Tears are called salt, hence a man of salt is one who weeps on slight provocation.

This would make a man, a man of salt, To use his eyes for garden water-pots. Shakespeare, _King Lear_, act iv. sc. 6 (1605).

=Man of Sedan=, Napoleon III. So called because he surrendered his sword to William, king of Prussia, after the battle of Sedan in September, 1870.

(Born in the Rue Lafitte, 1808; reigned 1852-1870; died at Chiselhurst, 1873).

=Man of Sin= (_The_), mentioned in _2 Thess._ ii. 3.

Whitby says the “Man of sin” means the Jews as a people.

Grotius says it means Caius Cæsar or else Caligula.

Wetstein says it is Titus.

Olshausen thinks it is typical of some one yet to come.

Roman Catholics say it means Anti-christ.

Protestants think it refers to the pope.

The Fifth-Monarchy men applied it to Cromwell.

=Man of the Hill=, a tedious “hermit of the vale,” introduced by Fielding in his novel of _Tom Jones_ (1749).

=Man of the Mountain= (_Old_). (See KOPPENBURG.)

=Man of the People,= Charles James Fox (1749-1806).

=Man of the Sea= (_The Old_), the man who got upon the shoulders of Sindbad, the sailor, and would not get off again, but clung there with obstinate pertinacity till Sindbad made him drunk, when he was easily shaken off. Sindbad then crushed him to death with a large stone.

“You had fallen,” said they, “into the hands of the Old Man of the Sea, and you are the first whom he has not strangled.”—_Arabian Nights_ (“Sindbad,” fifth voyage).

=Man of the World= (_The_), Sir Pertinax McSycophant, who acquires a fortune by “booing” and fawning on the great and rich. He wants his son Egerton to marry the daughter of Lord Lumbercourt, but Egerton, to the disgust of his father, marries Constantia, the _protégée_ of Lady McSycophant. Sir Pertinax had promised his lordship a good round sum of money if the marriage was effected; and when this _contretemps_ occurs, his lordship laments the loss of money, “which will prove his ruin.” Sir Pertinax tells Lord Lumbercourt that his younger son Sandy will prove more pliable, and it is agreed that the bargain shall stand good if Sandy will marry the young lady.—C. Macklin, _The Man of the World_ (1764).

⁂ This comedy is based on Voltaire’s _Nanine_ (1749).

=Man without a Skin.= Richard Cumberland, the dramatist, was so called by Garrick, because he was so extremely sensitive that he could not bear “to be touched” by the finger of criticism (1732-1811).

=Managarm=, the most gigantic and formidable of the race of hags. He dwells in the Iron-wood, Jamvid. Managarm will first fill himself with the blood of man, and then will he swallow up the moon. This gigantic hag symbolizes _War_, and the “Iron-wood” in which he dwells is the wood of spears.—_Prose Edda_.

=Manchester Poet= (_The_), Charles Swain, born 1803.

=Manciple’s Tale.= Phœbus had a crow which he taught to speak; it was white as down, and as big as a swan. He had also a wife, whom he dearly loved. One day, when he came home, the crow cried, “Cuckoo, cuckoo, cuckoo!” and Phœbus asked the bird what it meant; whereupon it told the god that his wife was unfaithful to him. Phœbus, in his wrath, seized his bow, and shot his wife through the heart; but to the bird he said, “Curse on thy tell-tale tongue! never more shall it brew mischief.” So he deprived it of the power of speech, and changed its plumage from white to black. Moral—Be no tale-bearer, but keep well thy tongue, and think upon the crow.

My sone, bewar, and be noon auctour newe, Of tydyings, whether they ben fals or trewe; Wherso thou comest, amongst high or lowe, Kep wel thy tonge, and think upon the crowe. Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_, 17, 291-4 (1388).

⁂ This is Ovid’s tale of “Coronis” in the _Metamorphoses_, ii. 543, etc.

=Manda´ne= (_3 syl._), wife of Zamti, the Chinese mandarin, and mother of Hamet. Hamet was sent to Corea to be brought up by Morat, while Mandanê brought up Zaphimri (under the name of Etan), the orphan prince and only surviving representative of the royal race of China. Hamet led a party of insurgents against Ti´murkan´, was seized, and ordered to be put to death as the supposed prince. Mandanê tried to save him, confessed he was not the prince; and Etan came forward as the real “orphan of China.” Timurkan, unable to solve the mystery, ordered both to death, and Mandanê with her husband to the torture; but Mandanê stabbed herself.—Murphy, _The Orphan of China_ (1759).

_Mandane_ (2 _syl._), the heroine of Mdlle. Scud´eri’s romance called _Cyrus the Great_ (1650).

=Manda´ne and Stati´ra=, stock names of melodramatic romance. When a romance writer hangs the world on the caprice of a woman, he chooses Mandanê or Statira for his heroine. Mandanê of classic story was the daughter of King Astyăgês, wife of Cambysês, and mother of Cyrus the Great. Statīra was daughter of Darius, the Persian, and wife of Alexander the Great.

=Man´dans=, an Indian tribe of Dakota, in the United States, noted for their skill in horsemanship.

Marks not the buffalo’s track, nor the Mandans’ dexterous horse-race. Longfellow, _Evangeline_ (1849).

=Mandeville=, any one who draws the long-bow; a flam. Sir John Mandeville [_Man’.de.vil_], an English traveller, published a narrative of his voyages, which abounds in the most extravagant fictions (1300-1372).

Oh! he is a modern Mandeville. At Oxford he was always distinguished by the facetious appellation of “The Bouncer.”—Samuel Foote, _The Liar_, ii. 1 (1761).

_Mandeville_ (_Bernard de_), a licentious, deistical writer, author of _The Virgin Unmasked_ (1709), _Free Thoughts on Religion_ (1712), _Fable of the Bees_ (1714), etc. (1670-1733).

=Man´drabul’s Offering=, one that decreases at every repetition. Mandrabul, of Samos, having discovered a gold-mine, offered a golden ram to Juno for the discovery. Next year he offered a silver one, the third year a brazen one, and the fourth year nothing.

=Mandricardo=, king of Tartary, son of Agrican. Mandricardo wore Hector’s cuirass, married Derălis, and was slain by Roge´ro in single combat.—Bojardo, _Orlando Innamorato_ (1495); Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).

=Mandriccardo=, a knight whose adventures are recorded by Barahona (_Mandriccardo, etc._, i. 70, 71).

=Mandel= (_Mrs._), salaried society “coach” of the Dryfoos family after their removal to New York.—W.D. Howells, _A Hazard of New Fortunes_ (1889).

=Manduce= (_2 syl._), the idol Gluttony, venerated by the Grastrol´aters, a people whose god was their belly.

=Maiiette= (_Dr._), of Beauvais. He had been imprisoned eighteen years, and had gradually lost his memory. After his release he somewhat recovered it, but any train of thought connected with his prison life produced a relapse. While in prison, the doctor made shoes, and, whenever the relapse occurred, his desire for cobbling returned.

_Lucie Manette_, the loving, golden-haired, blue-eyed daughter of Dr. Manette. She marries Charles Darnay.

Lucie Manette had a forehead with the singular capacity of lifting and knitting itself into an expression that was not quite one of perplexity, or wonder, or alarm, or merely of bright, fixed attention, though it included all the four expressions.—C. Dickens, _A Tale of Two Cities_, i. 4 (1859).

=Maney= or MANNY (_Sir Walter_), a native of Belgium, who came to England as page to Philippa, queen of Edward III. When he first began his career of arms, he and some young companions of his own age put a black patch over their left eye, and vowed never to remove it till they had performed some memorable act in the French wars (died 1372).

With whom our Maney here deservedly doth stand, Which first inventor was of that courageous band Who closed their left eyes up, as never to be freed, Till there they had achieved some high adventurous deed. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xviii. (1613).

=Man´fred= (_Count_), son of Sig´ismund. He sells himself to the prince of darkness, and received from him seven spirits to do his bidding. They were the spirits of “earth, ocean, air, night, mountains, winds, and the star of his own destiny.” Wholly without human sympathies, the count dwelt in splendid solitude among the Alpine Mountains. He once loved the beautiful As´tarte (_2 syl._), and, after her murder, went to the hall of Arima´nês to see her. The spirit of Astarte informed him that he would die the following day; and when asked if she loved him, she sighed “Manfred,” and vanished.—Byron, _Manfred_ (1817).

⁂ Byron sometimes makes Astarte two syllables, and sometimes three. The usual pronunciation is _As.tar-te_.

=Mangerton= (_The laird of_), John Armstrong, an old warrior who witnesses the national combat in Liddesdale valley between his own son (the Scotch champion), and Foster (the English champion). The laird’s son is vanquished.—Sir W. Scott, _The Laird’s Jock_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Maniche´an= (_4 syl._), a disciple of Manês or Manichee, the Persian heresiarch. The Manicheans believe in two opposing principles—one of good, and the other of evil. Theodora, wishing to extirpate these heretics, put 100,000 of them to the sword.

Yet would she make full many a Manichean. Byron, _Don Juan_, vi. 3 (1824).

=Man´ito= or =Mani´tou=, the Great Spirit of the North American Indians. These Indians acknowledge two supreme spirits—a spirit of good and a spirit of evil. The former they call _Gitchê-Manĭto_, and the latter _Mitchê-Manito_. The good spirit is symbolized by an egg, and the evil one by a serpent.—Longfellow, _Hiawatha_, xiv.

As when the evil Manitou that dries Th’ Ohio woods, consumes them in his ire. Campbell, _Gertrude of Wyoming_, i. 17 (1809).

=Manlius=, surnamed _Torquātus_, the Roman consul. In the Latin war, he gave orders that no Roman, on pain of death, should engage in single combat. One of the Latins having provoked young Manlius by repeated insults, he slew him; but when the young man took the spoils to his father, Manlius ordered him to be put to death for violating the commands of his superior officer.—_Roman Story_.

=Man´lius Capitoli´nus=, consul of Rome, B.C. 392, then military tribune. After the battle of Allia (390), seeing Rome in the power of the Gauls, he threw himself into the capitol with 1000 men, surprised the Gauls, and put them to the sword. It was for this achievement he was called _Capitolinus_. Subsequently he was charged with aiming at sovereignty, and was hurled to death from the Tarpeian Rock.

⁂ Lafosse (1698) has a tragedy called _Manlius Capitolinus_, and “Manlius” was one of the favorite characters of Talma, the French actor. Lafosse’s drama is an imitation of Otway’s tragedy of _Venice Preserved_ (1682).

=Manly=, the lover of Lady Grace Townly, sister-in-law of Lord Townly. Manly is the cousin of Sir Francis Wronghead, whom he saves from utter ruin. He is noble, judicious, upright, and sets all things right that are going wrong.—Vanbrugh and Cibber, _The Provoked Husband_ (1728).

The address and manner of Dennis Delane [1700-1753] were easy and polite; and he excelled in the well-bred man, such as “Manly.”—T. Davies.

_Manly_, “the plain dealer.” An honest, surly sea-captain, who thinks every one a rascal, and believes himself no better. Manly forms a good contrast to Olivia, who is a consummate hypocrite of most unblushing effrontery.

“Counterfeit honors,” says Manly, “will not be current with me. I weigh the man, not his titles. ’Tis not the king’s stamp can make the metal better or heavier.”—Wycherly, _The Plain Dealer_ i. 1 (1677).

⁂ Manly, the plain dealer, is a copy of Molière’s “Misanthrope,” the prototype of which was the duc de Montausier.

_Manly_ (_Captain_), the _fiancé_ of Arabella, ward of Justice Day, and an heiress.

_Arabella_. I like him much—he seems plain and honest. _Ruth_. Plain enough, in all conscience. T. Knight, _The Honest Thieves_.

_Manly_ (_Colonel_), a bluff, honest soldier, to whom honor is dearer than life. The hero of the drama.—Mrs. Centlivre, _The Beaux’ Duel_ (1703).

=Mann= (_Mrs._), a dishonest, grasping woman, who kept a branch workhouse, where children were farmed. Oliver Twist was sent to her child-farm. Mrs. Mann systematically starved the children placed under her charge.—C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837).

=Mannaia=, goddess of retribution. The word in Italian means “an axe.”

All in a terrible moment came the blow That beat down Paolo’s ’fence, ended the play O’ the foil, and brought Mannaia on the stage. R. Browning, _The Ring and the Book_, iii. (date of the story, 1487).

=Mannering= (_Guy_) or Colonel Mannering.

_Mrs. Mannering_ (_née_ Sophia Wellwood), wife of Guy Mannering.

_Julia Mannering_, daughter of Guy. She marries Captain Bertram. “Rather a hare-brained girl, but well deserving the kindest regards” (act i. 2 of the dramatized version).

_Sir Paul Mannering_, uncle to Guy Mannering.—Sir. W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

⁂ Scott’s tale of _Guy Mannering_ has been dramatized by Daniel Terry.

=Manon l’Escaut=, the heroine of a French novel, entitled _Histoire de Chevalier Desgrieux et de Manon Lescot_, by A. F. Prévost (1733). Manon is the “fair mischief” of the story. Her charms seduce and ruin the Chevalier des Grieux, who clings to her through all her career with an unconquered passion, forgiving and forgetting to the tragic end when she dies as a convict in the wilds of Louisiana.

=Manri´co=, the supposed son of Azuce´na, the gypsy, but in reality the son of Garzia (brother of the conte di Luna). Leono´ra is in love with him, but the count entertains a base passion for her, and, getting Manrico into his power, condemns him to death. Leonora promises the count to give herself to him if he will spare the life of Manrico. He consents, but while he goes to release his “nephew,” Leonora sucks poison from a ring and dies. Manrico, on perceiving this, dies also.—Verdi, _Il Trovato´rê_ (an opera, 1853).

_Mans_ (_The Count of_), Roland, nephew of Charlemagne. He is also called the “knight of Blaives.”

=Mansel= (_Sir Edward_), lieutenant of the Tower of London.

_Lady Mansel_, wife of Sir Edward.—Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_, (time, James I).

=Mansfield= (_The Miller of_), a humorous, good-natured countryman, who offered Henry VIII. hospitality when he had lost himself in a hunting expedition. The miller gave the king half a bed with his son Richard. Next morning, the courtiers were brought to the cottage by under-keepers, and Henry, in merry pin, knighted his host, who thus became Sir John Cockle. He then made him “overseer of Sherwood Forest,” with a salary of 1000 marks a year.—R. Dodsley, _The King and the Miller of Mansfield_ (1737).

⁂ In the ballad called _The King and the Miller of Mansfield_, the king is Henry II., and there are several other points of difference between the ballad and the play. In the play, Cockle hears a gun fired, and goes out to look for poachers, when he lays hold of the king, but, being satisfied that he is no poacher, he takes him home. In the ballad, the king out-rides his lords, gets lost, and, meeting the miller, asks of him a night’s lodging. When the miller feels satisfied with the face and bearing of the stranger, he entertains him right hospitably. He gives him for supper a venison pasty, but tells him on no account to tell the king “that they made free with his deer.” Another point of difference is this: In the play, the courtiers are seized by the under-keepers, and brought to Cockle’s house; but in the ballad they track the king and appear before him next morning. In the play, the king settles on Sir John Cockle 1000 marks; in the ballad, £300 a year.—Percy, _Reliques_, III. ii. 20.

(Of course, as Dodsley introduced the “firing of a gun,” he was obliged to bring down his date to more modern times, and none of the Henrys between Henry II. and Henry VIII. would be the least likely to indulge in such a prank.)

=Mansur= (_Elijah_), a warrior, prophet, and priest, who taught a more tolerant form of Islâm, but not being an orthodox Moslem, he was condemned to imprisonment in the bowels of a mountain. Mansur is to re-appear and wave his conquering sword, to the terror of the Muscovite.—Milner, _Gallery of Geography_, 781. (See BARBAROSSA.)

=Mantacci´ni=, a charlatan, who professed to restore the dead to life.

=Mantali´ni= (_Madame_), a fashionable milliner, near Cavendish Square, London. She dotes upon her husband, and supports him in idleness.

_Mr. Mantalini_, the husband of madame; he is a man-doll and cockney fop, noted for his white teeth, his minced oaths, and his gorgeous morning gown. This “exquisite” lives on his wife’s earnings, and thinks he confers a favor on her by lavishing her money on his selfish indulgences.—C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ (1838).

=Mantle= (_The Boy and the_). One day, a little boy presented himself before King Arthur, and showed him a curious mantle “which would become no wife that was not leal” to her true lord. The queen tried it on, but it changed its color and fell into shreds; Sir Kay’s lady tried it on, but with no better success; others followed, but only Sir Cradock’s wife could wear it.—Percy, _Reliques_.

=Mantuan= (_The_) that is, Baptista Spagn´olus, surnamed _Mantua´nus_, from the place of his birth. He wrote poems and eclogues in Latin. His works were translated into English by George Tuberville in 1567. He lived 1443-1516.

Ah, good old Mantuan! I may speak of thee as the traveller doth of Venice:

Vinegia, Vinegia, Chi non te vede, ei non te pregia. Shakespeare, _Love’s Labor’s Lost_, act iv. sc. 2 (1594).

=Mantuan Swan= (_The_), Virgil, a native of Mantua (B. C. 70-19).

Mantua me genuit; Calabri rapuere; tenet nunc Pathenopè; cecini pascua, rura, duces. _Virgil’s Epitaph_ (composed by himself).

Ages elapsed ere Homer’s lamp appeared; And ages ere the Mantua Swan was heard. Cowper.

=Ma´nucodia´ta=, a bird resembling a swallow, found in the Molucca Islands. “It has no feet, and though the body is not bigger than that of a swallow, the span of its wings is equal to that of an eagle. These birds never approach the earth, but the female lays her eggs on the back of the male, and hatches them in her own breast. They live on the dew of heaven, and eat neither animal nor vegetable food.”—Cardan, _De Rerum Varietate_ (1557).

Less pure the footless fowl of heaven, that never Rest upon earth, but on the wing forever, Hovering o’er flowers, their fragrant food inhale, Drink the descending dew upon the way, And sleep aloft while floating on the gale. Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, xxi. 6 (1809).

=Manuel du Sosa=, governor of Lisbon, and brother of Guiomar (mother of the vainglorious Duarte), (3 _syl._).—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Custom of the Country_ (1647).

=Mapp= (_Mrs._), bone-setter. She was born at Epsom, and at one time was very rich, but she died in great poverty at her lodgings in Seven Dials, 1737.

⁂ Hogarth has introduced her in his heraldic picture, “The Undertakers’ Arms.” She is the middle of the three figures at the top, the other two being Dr. Ward, on the right hand of the spectator, and Dr. Taylor on the left.

=Maqueda=, the queen of the South, who visited Solomon, and had by him a son named Melech.—Zaga Zabo, _Ap. Damian a Goes_.

⁂ Maqueda is generally called Balkîs, queen of Saba or Zaba.

=Mara Lincoln=, orphaned grandchild of Captain and Mrs. Fennell; betrothed to Moses Fennell. She dies young, and is long and sincerely mourned.—Harriet Beecher Stowe, _The Pearl of Orr’s Island_.

=Marcassin= (_Prince_). This nursery tale is from the _Nights_, of Straparola, an Italian (sixteenth century). Translated into French in 1585.

=Marce´lia=, the “Desdemona” of Massinger’s _Duke of Milan_. Sforza, “the More,” doted on his young bride, and Marcelia returned his love. During Sforza’s absence at the camp, Francesco, “the lord protector,” tried to seduce the young bride from her fidelity, and, failing in his purpose, accused her to the duke of wishing to play the wanton. “I labored to divert her ... urged your much love ... but hourly she pursued me.” The duke, in a paroxysm of jealousy, flew on Marcelia and slew her.—Massinger, _The Duke of Milan_ (1622).

=Marcella=, daughter of William, a farmer. Her father and mother died while she was young, leaving her in charge of an uncle. She was “the most beautiful creature ever sent into the world,” and every bachelor who saw her fell madly in love with her, but she declined their suits. One of her lovers was Chrysostom, the favorite of the village, who died of disappointed hope, and the shepherds wrote on his tombstone: “From Chrysostom’s fate, learn to abhor Marcella, that common enemy of man, whose beauty and cruelty are both in the extreme.”—Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. ii. 4, 5 (1605).

=Marcellin de Peyras.= The chevalier to whom the Baron de Peyras gave up his estates when he retired to Grenoble. De Peyras eloped with Lady Ernestine, but soon tired of her, and fell in love with his cousin Margaret, the baron’s daughter.—E. Stirling, _The Gold-Mine or The Miller of Grenoble_ (1854).

=Marcelli´na=, daughter of Rocco, jailer of the State prison of Seville. She fell in love with Fidelio, her father’s servant; but this Fidelio turned out to be Leonora, wife of the State prisoner Fernando Florestan.—Beethoven, _Fidelio_ (an opera, 1791).

=Marcello=, in Meyerbeer’s opera of _Les Huguenots_, unites in marriage Valenti´na and Raoul (1836).

=Marcellus= (_M. Claudius_), called “The Sword of Rome.” Fabius “Cunctator” was “The Shield of Rome.”

_Marcellus_, an officer of Denmark, to whom the ghost of the murdered king appeared before it presented itself to Prince Hamlet.—Shakespeare, _Hamlet_ (1596).

=Marchioness= (_The_), the half-starved girl-of-all-work, in the service of Sampson Brass and his sister Sally. She was so lonesome and dull that it afforded her relief to peep at Mr. Swiveller, even through the keyhole of his door. Though so dirty and ill-cared for, “the marchioness” was sharp-witted and cunning. It was Mr. Swiveller who called her the “marchioness,” when she played cards with him, “because it seemed more real and pleasant” to play with a marchioness than with a domestic slavey (ch. lvii.) When Dick Swiveller was turned away and fell sick, the “marchioness” nursed him carefully, and he afterwards married her.—C. Dickens, _The Old Curiosity Shop_ (1840).

=Marchmont= (_Miss Matilda_), the _confidante_ of Julia Mannering.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Marcian=, armorer to Count Robert of Paris.—Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).

=Marck= (_William de la_), a French nobleman, called “The Wild Boar of Ardennes” (_Sanglier des Ardennes_).—Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Marcliffe= (_Theophilus_), pseudonym of William Godwin (author of _Caleb Williams_, 1756-1836).

=Marco Bozzaris.= Leader of the Suliotes in the successful rebellion against the Turks. A night-attack upon the Turkish camp results in the victory of the Greeks. Bozzaris is killed as the cry of triumph is raised by his command.

“His few surviving comrades saw His smile when rang their proud hurrah, And the red field was won; Then saw in death his eyelids close Calmly, as to a night’s repose Like flowers at set of sun.” Fitz-Green Halleck, _Marco Bozzaris_.

=Marcomanic War=, a war carried on by the Marcomanni, under the leader-ship of Maroboduus, who made himself master of Bohemia, etc. Maroboduus was defeated by Arminius, and his confederation broken up (A.D. 20). In the second Christian century a new war broke out between the Marcomanni and the Romans, which lasted thirteen years. In A.D. 180 peace was purchased by the Romans, and the war for a time ceased.

=Marcos de Obregon=, the hero of a Spanish romance, from which Lesage has borrowed very freely in his _Gil Blas_.—Vicente Espinel, _Vida del Escudero Marcos de Obregon_ (1618).

=Marculf=, in the comic poem of _Salomon and Marculf_, a fool who outwits the sage of Israel by knavery and cunning. The earliest version of the poem extant is a German one of the twelfth century.

=Marcus,= son of Cato of Utĭca, a warm-hearted, impulsive young man, passionately in love with Lucia, daughter of Lucius; but Lucia loved the more temperate brother, Portius. Marcus was slain by Cæsar’s soldiers when they invaded Utica.

Marcus is furious, wild in his complaints; I hear with a secret kind of dread, And tremble at his vehemence of temper. Addison, _Cato_, i. 1 (1713).

=Mardonius= (_Captain_), in Beaumont and Fletcher’s drama called _A King or No King_ (1619).

=Mareschal of Mareschal Wells= (_Young_), one of the Jacobite conspirators, under the leadership of Mr. Richard Vere, laird of Ellieslaw.—Sir W. Scott, _The Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).

=Marfi´sa=, an Indian queen.—Bojardo, _Orlando Innamorato_ (1495), and Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).

=Marforio’s Statue.= This statue lies on the ground in Rome, and was at one time used for libels, lampoons, and jests, but was never so much used as Pasquin’s.

=Margar´elon= (4 _syl._), a Trojan hero of modern fable, who performed deeds of marvellous bravery. Lydgate, in his _Boke of Troy_ (1513), calls him a son of Priam. According to this authority, Margarelon attacked Achillês, and fell by his hand.

=Margaret=, only child and heiress of Sir Giles Overreach. Her father set his heart on her marrying Lord Lovel, for the summit of his ambition was to see her a peeress. But Margaret was modest, and could see no happiness in ill-assorted marriages; so she remained faithful to Tom Allworth, the man of her choice.—Massinger, _A New Way to Pay Old Debts_ (1628).

_Margaret_, wife of Vandunke (2 _syl._), the drunken burgomaster of Bruges.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Beggars’ Bush_ (1622).

_Margaret_ (_Ladye_), “the flower of Teviot,” daughter of the Duchess Margaret and Lord Walter Scott, of Branksome Hall. The Ladye Margaret was beloved by Henry of Cranstown, whose family had a deadly feud with that of Scott. One day the elfin page of Lord Cranstown inveigled the heir of Branksome Hall (then a lad) into the woods, where the boy fell into the hands of the Southerners. The captors then marched with 3000 men against the castle of the widowed duchess, but being told by a spy that Douglass, with 10,000 men, was coming to the rescue, an arrangement was made to decide by single combat whether the boy should become King Edward’s page, or be delivered up into the hands of his mother. The English champion (Sir Richard Musgrave) fell by the hand of Sir William Deloraine, and the boy was delivered to his mother. It was then discovered that Sir William was in reality Lord Cranstown, who claimed and received the hand of the fair Margaret as his reward.—Sir W. Scott, _Lay of the Last Minstrel_ (1805).

_Margaret_, the heroine of Goethe’s _Faust_. Faust first encounters her on her return from church, falls in love with her, and seduces her. Overcome with shame, she destroys the infant to which she gives birth, and is condemned to death. Faust attempts to save her, and, gaining admission to her cell, finds her huddled up on a bed of straw, singing, like Ophelia, wild snatches of ancient ballads, her reason faded, and her death at hand. Faust tries to persuade the mad girl to flee with him, but in vain. At last the day of execution arrives, and with it Mephistoph´elês, passionless and grim. Faust is hurried off, and Margaret is left to her fate. Margaret is often called by the pet diminutive “Gretchen,” and in the opera “Margheri´ta” (_q.v._).—Goethe, _Faust_ (1790).

Shakespeare has drawn no such portrait as that of Margaret; no such peculiar union of passion, simplicity, homeliness, and witchery. The poverty and inferior social position of Margaret are never lost sight of—she never becomes an abstraction. It is love alone which exalts her above her station.—Lewes.

=Margaret Catchpole=, a Suffolk celebrity, born at Nacton, in that county, in 1773; the title and heroine of a tale by the Rev. R. Cobbold. She falls in love with a smuggler named Will Laud, and in 1797, in order to reach him, steals a horse from Mr. J. Cobbold, brewer, of Ipswich, in whose service she had lived much respected. She dresses herself in the groom’s clothes, and makes her way to London, where she is detected while selling the horse, and is put in prison. She is sentenced to death at the Suffolk assizes—a sentence afterwards commuted to one of seven years’ transportation. Owing to a difficulty in sending prisoners to New South Wales, she is confined in Ipswich jail; but from here she makes her escape, joins Laud, who is shot in her defence. Margaret is recaptured, and again sentenced to death, which is for the second time commuted to transportation, this time for life, and she arrives at Port Jackson in 1801. Here, by her good behavior, she obtains a free pardon, and ultimately marries a former lover named John Barry, who had emigrated and risen to a high position in the colony. She died, much respected, in the year 1841.

=Margaret Debree.= Young girl of noble and beautiful nature whose latent ambition is aroused by her marriage to the successful speculator, Rodney Henderson. She becomes a society leader and woman of fashion, and dies at the height of her popularity.—Charles Dudley Warner, _A Little Journey in the World_ (1889).

=Margaret Finch=, queen of the gypsies. She was born at Sutton, in Kent (1631), and finally settled in Norway. From a constant habit of sitting on the ground, with her chin on her knees, she was unable to stand, and when dead was buried in a square box; 1740, aged 109 years.

_Margaret._ Bright-faced, sweet-hearted heroine of _The Stillwater Tragedy_, by T. B. Aldrich (1886).

=Margaret Gibson=, afterwards called _Patten_, a famous Scotch cook, who was employed in the palace of James I. She was born in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and died June 26, 1739, either 136 or 141 years of age.

=Margaret Kent= (See KENT).

=Margaret Lamburn=, one of the servants of Mary, queen of Scots, who undertook to avenge the death of her royal mistress. For this end, she dressed in man’s clothes and carried two pistols—one to shoot Queen Elizabeth and the other herself. She had reached the garden where the queen was walking, when she accidentally dropped one of the pistols, was seized, carried before the queen, and frantically told her tale. When the queen asked how she expected to be treated, Margaret replied, “A judge would condemn me to death, but it would be more royal to grant me pardon.” The queen did so, and we hear no more of this fanatic.

=Margaret Simon=, daughter of Martin Simon, the miller of Grenoble; a brave, beautiful, and noble girl.—E. Stirling, _The Gold-Mine or Miller of Grenoble_ (1854.)

=Margaret of Anjou=, widow of king Henry VI. of England. She presents herself, disguised as a mendicant, in Strasburg Cathedral, to Philipson (_i.e._ the earl of Oxford).—Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Margaret’s Ghost=, a ballad by David Mallet (1724). William courted the fair Margaret, but jilted her; he promised love, but broke his promise; said her face was fair, her lips sweet, and her eyes bright, but left the face to pale, the eyes to weep and the maid to languish and die. Her ghost appeared to him at night to rebuke his heartlessness; and next morning William left his bed raving mad, hied him to Margaret’s grave, thrice called her by name, “and never word spake more.”

We shall have ballads made of it within two months, setting forth how a young squire became a serving-man of low degree, and it will be stuck up with _Margaret’s Ghost_ against the walls of every cottage in the country.—I. Bickerstaff, _Love in a Village_ (1763).

=Margaret Regis.= American girl of decided views and strong, sweet nature, brought up by a step-mother whom she is slow to appreciate, but in the end loves truly. Margaret outgrows an early fancy, and, when released from the letter of her engagement, bestows her hand with her heart upon General Paul Rushleigh.—A. D. T. Whitney, _Sights and Insights_ (1875).

=Margaretta=, a maiden attached to Robin. Her father wanted her to marry “a stupid old man, because he was rich;” so she ran away from home and lived as a ballad-singer. Robin emigrated for three years, and made his fortune. He was wrecked on the coast of Cornwall, on his return, and met Margaretta at the house of Farmer Crop, his brother-in-law, when the acquaintance was renewed. (See NO SONG, etc.)—Hoare, _No Song No Supper_ (1754-1834).

=Margarit´ta= (_Donna_), a Spanish heiress, “fair, young, and wealthy,” who resolves to marry that she may the more freely indulge her wantonness. She selects Leon for her husband, because she thinks him a milksop, whom she can twist round her thumb at pleasure; but no sooner is Leon married than he shows himself the master. By ruling with great firmness and affection, he wins the esteem of every one, and the wanton coquette becomes a modest, devoted, and obedient wife.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _Rule a Wife and Have a Wife_ (1640).

=Margery= (_Dame_), the old nurse of Lady Eveline Berenger “the betrothed.”—Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).

=Margheri´ta=, a simple, uncultured girl, of great fascination, seduced by Faust. Margherita killed the infant of her shame, and was sent to jail for so doing. In jail she lost her reason, and was condemned to death. When Faust visited her in prison, and tried to persuade her to flee with him, she refused. Faust was carried off by demons, and Margherita was borne by angels up to heaven; the intended moral being, that the repentant sinner is triumphant.—Gounod, _Faust e Margherita_ (1859).

=Margheri´ta di Valois=, daughter of Catherine de Medicis and Henri II. of France. She marries Henri _le Bearnais_ (afterwards Henri IV. of France). It was during the wedding solemnities of Margherita and Henri that Catherine de Medicis carried out the massacre of the French Huguenots. The bride was at a ball during this horrible slaughter.—Meyerbeer, _Les Huguenots_ or _Gli Ugonotti_ (1836).

⁂ François I. used to call her _La Marguerite des Marguerites_ (“The Pearl of Pearls”).

=Margia´na= (_Queen_), a Mussulman, and mortal enemy of the fire-worshippers. Prince Assad became her slave, but, being stolen by the crew of Behram, was carried off. The queen gave chase to the ship; Assad was thrown overboard, and swam to shore. The queen with an army demanded back her slave, discovered that Assad was a prince, and that his half-brother was king of the city to which she had come, whereupon she married him, and carried him home to her own dominions.—_Arabian Nights_ (“Amgiad and Assad”).

=Marjorie= (_Pet_), child of singular promise, a great pet with Sir Walter Scott. She died under the age of ten. Her story is written by Dr. John Brown, author of _Rab and His Friends_.

=Margutte= (3 _syl._), a low-minded, vulgar giant, ten feet high, with enormous appetite and of the grossest sensuality. He died of laughter on seeing a monkey pulling on his boots.—Pulci, _Morgantê Maggiorê_ (1488).

Chalchas, the Homeric soothsayer, died of laughter. (See LAUGHTER.)

=Marguerite=, French exile and maid-servant lies dying, nursed by a hard, cold mistress. The son of the house steals into the room and avows his love for the alien.

“He called back the soul that was passing, ‘Marguerite! do you hear,’”

* * * * *

“With his heart on his lips he kissed her, But never her cheek grew red, And the words the living long for He spake in the ear of the dead.” John Greenleaf Whittier, _Marguerite_.

=Marhaus= (_Sir_), a knight of the Round Table, a king’s son, and brother of the queen of Ireland. When Sir Mark, king of Cornwall, refused to pay truage to Anguish, king of Ireland, Sir Marhaus was sent to defy Sir Mark and all his knights to single combat. No one durst go against him; but Tristram said, if Mark would knight him, he would defend his cause. In the combat, Sir Tristram was victorious. With his sword he cut through his adversary’s helmet and brain-pan, and his sword stuck so fast in the bone that he had to pull thrice before he could extricate it. Sir Marhaus contrived to get back to Ireland, but soon died.—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, ii. 7, 8 (1470).

⁂ Sir Marhaus carried a white shield; but as he hated women, twelve damsels spat thereon, to show how they dishonored him.—Ditto, pt. i. 75.

=Maria=, a lady in attendance on the princess of France. Mongaville, a young lord in the suite of Ferdinand, king of Navarre, asks her to marry him, but she defers her answer for twelve months. To this Longaville replies, “I’ll stay with patience, but the time is long;” and Maria makes answer, “The liker you; few taller are so young.”—Shakespeare, _Love’s Labor’s Lost_ (1594).

_Maria_, the waiting-woman of the Countess Olivia.—Shakespeare, _Twelfth Night_ (1614).

_Maria_, wife of Frederick, the unnatural and licentious brother of Alphonso, king of Naples. She is a virtuous lady, and appears in strong contrast to her infamous husband.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _A Wife for a Month_ (1624).

_Maria_, daughter and only child of Thorowgood, a wealthy London merchant. She is in love with George Barnwell, her father’s apprentice; but George is executed for robbery and murder.—George Lillo, _George Barnwell_ (1732).

A dying man sent for David Ross, the actor [1728-1790], and addressed him thus: “Some forty years ago, like ‘George Barnwell’ I wronged my master to supply the unbounded extravagance of a ‘Millwood.’ I took her to see your performance, which so shocked me that I vowed to break the connection and return to the path of virtue. I kept my resolution, replaced the money I had stolen, and found a ‘Maria’ in my master’s daughter.... I have now left £1000 affixed to your name in my will and testament.”—Pelham, _Chronicles of Crime_.

_Maria_, the ward of Sir Peter Teazle. She is in love with Charles Surface, whom she ultimately marries.—Sheridan, _School for Scandal_ (1777).

_Maria_, “The maid of the Oaks,” brought up as the ward of Oldworth, of Oldworth Oaks, but is in reality his daughter and heiress. Maria is engaged to Sir Harry Groveby, and Harry says, “She is the most charmingest, sweetest, delightfulest, mildest, beautifulest, modestest, genteelest young creature in the world.”—J. Burgoyne, _The Maid of the Oaks_.

_Maria_, a maiden whose banns were forbidden, “by the curate of the parish who published them;” in consequence of which, Maria lost her wits, and used to sit on the roadside near Moulines (2 _syl._), playing on a pipe vesper hymns to the Virgin. She led by a ribbon a little dog named Silvio, of which she was very jealous, for at one time she had a favorite goat that forsook her.—Sterne, _Sentimental Journey_ (1768).

_Maria_, a foundling, discovered by Sulpizio, a sergeant of the 11th regiment of Napoleon’s Grand Army, and adopted by the regiment as their daughter. Tonio, a Tyrolese, saved her life and fell in love with her. But just as they were about to be married the marchioness of Birkenfield claimed the foundling as her own daughter, and the sutler girl had to quit the regiment for the castle. After a time, the castle was taken by the French, and although the marchioness had promised Maria in marriage to another, she consented to her union with Tonio, who had risen to the rank of a field-officer.—Donizetti, _La Figlia del Reggimento_ (an opera, 1840).

=Maria= [=Delaval=], daughter of colonel Delaval. Plighted to Mr. Versatile, but just previous to the marriage Mr. Versatile, by the death of his father, came into a large fortune and baronetcy. The marriage was deferred; Mr. (now Sir George) Versatile went abroad, and became a man of fashion. They met, the attachment was renewed, and the marriage consummated.

=Maria= [=Latham.=] “An elderly woman with a plain, honest face, as kindly in expression as she can be perfectly sure she feels, and no more;” aunt to Lydia Blood. When she hears that the stewardess on the _Aroostook_ is a boy, and the cook not a woman, she is slightly confounded, but rallies under the conviction that “Lyddy’ll know how to conduct herself wherever she is.”—W. D. Howells, _The Lady of the Aroostook_ (1879).

=Maria= [WILDING], daughter of Sir Jasper Wilding. She is in love with Beaufort; and, being promised in marriage against her will to George Philpot, disgusts him purposely by her silliness. George refuses to marry her, and she gives her hand to Beaufort.—Murphy, _The Citizen_ (1757).

=Maria Theresa Panza=, wife of Sancho Panza. She is sometimes called Maria, and sometimes Theresa.—Cervantes, _Don Quixote_ (1605).

=Mariage Forcé= (_Le_). Sganarelle, a rich man of 64, promises marriage to Dorimène (3 _syl._), a girl under 20, but, having scruples about the matter, consults his friend, two philosophers, and the gypsies, from none of whom can he obtain any practical advice. At length, he overhears Dorimène telling a young lover that she only marries the old man for his money, and that he cannot live above a few months; so the old man goes to the father and declines the alliance. On this, the father sends his son to Sganarelle. The young man takes with him two swords, and with the utmost politeness and _sang-froid_ requests Mons. to choose one. When the old man declines to do so, the young man gives him a thorough drubbing, and again with the utmost politeness requests the old man to make his choice. On his again declining to do so, he is again beaten, and at last consents to ratify the marriage.—Molière, _Le Mariage Forcé_ (1664).

=Mariamne=, (4 _syl._), a Jewish princess, daughter of Alexander and wife of Herod, “the Great.” Mariamnê was the mother of Alexander and Aristobu´lus, both of whom Herod put to death in a fit of jealousy, and then fell into a state of morbid madness, in which he fancied he saw Mariamnê and heard her asking for her sons.

⁂ This has been made the subject of several tragedies: _e.g._ A. Harley, _Mariamne_ (1622); Pierre Tristan l’Ermite, _Mariamne_ (1640); Voltaire, _Mariamne_ (1724).

=Marian=, “the Muses’ only darling,” is Margaret, countess of Cumberland, sister of Anne, countess of Warwick.

Fair Marian, the Muses’ only darling, Whose beauty shineth as the morning clear, With silver dew upon the roses pearling. Spenser, _Colin Clout’s Come Home Again_ (1595).

_Marian_, “the parson’s maid,” in love with Colin Clout, who loves Cicely. Marian sings a ditty of dole, in which she laments for Colin, and says how he gave her once a knife, but “Woe is me! for knives, they tell me, always sever love.”—Gay, _Pastorals_, ii. (1714).

_Marian_, “the daughter” of Robert, a wrecker, and betrothed to Edward, a young sailor. She was fair in person, loving, and holy. During the absence of Edward at sea, a storm arose, and Robert went to the coast to look for plunder. Marian followed him, and in the dusk saw some one stab another. She thought it was her father, but it was Black Norris. Her father being taken up, Marian gave evidence against him, and the old man was condemned to death. Norris now told Marian he would save her father if she would become his wife. She made the promise, but was saved the misery of the marriage by the arrest of Norris for murder.—S. Knowles, _The Daughter_ (1836).

=Marian´a=, a lovely and loveable lady, betrothed to Angelo, who, during the absence of Vincentio, the duke of Vienna, acted as his lord deputy. Her pleadings to the duke for Angelo are wholly unrivalled.—Shakespeare, _Measure for Measure_ (1603).

Timid and shrinking before, she does not now wait to be encouraged in her suit. She is instant and importunate. She does not reason with the duke; she begs; she implores.—R. G. White.

_Mariana_, sister of Lodovi´co Sforza, duke of Milan, and wife of Francesco, his chief minister of state.—Massinger, _The Duke of Milan_ (1622).

_Mariana_, daughter of Lord Charney; taken prisoner by the English, and in love with Arnold (friend of the Black Prince). Just before the battle of Poitiers, thinking the English cause hopeless, Mariana induces Arnold to desert; but Lord Charney will not receive him. Arnold returns to the English camp, and dies in battle. Lord Charney is also slain, and Mariana dies distracted.—Shirley, _Edward, the Black Prince_ (1640).

_Mariana_, the young lady that Lovegold, the miser, wished to marry. As Mariana was in love with the miser’s son, Frederick, she pretended to be extravagant and deeply in debt, which so affected the old hunks, that he gave her £2000 to be let off the bargain. Of course she assented and married Frederick.—H. Fielding, _The Miser_.

_Mariana_, the daughter of a Swiss burgher, “the most beautiful of women.” “Her gentleness a smile without a smile, a sweetness of look, speech, act.” Leonardo being crushed by an avalanche, she nursed him through his illness, and they fell in love with each other. He started for Mantua, but was detained for two years captive by a gang of thieves; and Mariana followed him, being unable to support life where he was not. In Mantua, Count Florio fell in love with her, and obtained her guardian’s consent to their union; but Mariana refused, was summoned before the duke (Ferrado), and judgment was given against her. Leonardo, being present at the trial, now threw off his disguise, and was acknowledged to be the real duke. He assumed his rank, married Mariana; but being called to the camp, left Ferrado regent. Ferrado, being a villain, laid a cunning scheme to prove Mariana guilty of adultery with Julian St. Pierre, a countryman; but Leonardo refused to believe the charge. Julian, who turned out to be Mariana’s brother, exposed the whole plot of Ferrado, and amply cleared his sister of the slightest taint or thought of a revolt.—S. Knowles, _The Wife_ (1833).

_Mariana_, daughter of the king of Thessaly. She was beloved by Sir Alexander, one of the three sons of St. George, the patron saint of England. Sir Alexander married her, and became king of Thessaly.—R. Johnson, _The Seven Champions of Christendom_, iii. 2, 3, 11 (1617).

=Mariana in the Moated Grange=, a young damsel who sits in the moated grange, looking out for her lover, who never comes; and the burden of her life-song is, My life is dreary, for he cometh not; I am aweary, and would that I were dead.

The sequel is called _Mariana in the South_, in which the love-lorn maiden looks forward to her death, when she will cease to be alone, to live forgotten, and to love forlorn.—Tennyson, _Mariana_ (in two parts).

⁂ Mariana, the lady betrothed to Angelo, passed her sorrowful hours “at the Moated Grange.” Thus the duke says to Isabella:

Haste you speedily to Angelo ... I will presently to St. Luke’s. There, at the moated grange, resides the dejected Mariana.—Shakespeare. _Measure for Measure_, act iii. sc. 1 (1603).

=Marianne= (3 _syl._), a statuette to which the red republicans of France pay homage. It symbolizes the republic, and is arrayed in a red Phrygian cap. This statuette is sold at earthenware shops, and in republican clubs, enthroned in glory, and sometimes it is carried in procession to the tune of the _Marseillaise_. (See MARY ANNE.)

The reason seems to be this: Ravaillac, the assassin of Henri IV. (the Harmodius or Aristogīton of France), was honored by the red republicans as “patriot, deliverer, and martyr.” This regicide was incited to his deed of blood by reading the celebrated treatise _De Rege et Regio Institutione_, by Mariana the Jesuit, published 1599 (about ten years previously). As Mariana inspired Ravaillac “to deliver France from her tyrant” (Henri IV.), the name was attached to the statuette of liberty, and the republican party generally.

The association of the name with the _guillotine_ favors this suggestion.

_Marianne_ (3 _syl._), the heroine of a French novel so called by Marivaux (1688-1763).

(This novel terminates abruptly, with a conclusion like that of _Zadig_, “where nothing is concluded.”)

=Marianne= [=Franval=], sister of Franval the advocate. She is a beautiful, loving, gentle creature, full of the deeds of kindness, and brimming over with charity. Marianne loves Captain St. Alme, a merchant’s son, and though her mother opposes the match as beneath the rank of the family, the advocate pleads for his sister, and the lovers are duly betrothed to each other.—T. Holcroft, _The Deaf and Dumb_ (1785).

=Marie Antoinette.= Beautiful Austrian Queen of Louis XVI. of France. Dethroned and guillotined in the French Revolution of 1793.

=Marie= (_Countess_), the mother of Ul´rica (a love-daughter), the father of Ulrica being Ernest de Fridberg, “the prisoner of State.” Marie married Count D’Osborn, on condition of his obtaining the acquittal of her lover, Ernest de Fridberg; but the count broke his promise, and even attempted to get the prisoner smothered in his dungeon. His villainy being made known, the king ordered him to be executed, and Ernest, being set at liberty, duly married the Countess Marie.—E. Stirling, _The Prisoner of State_ (1847).

=Marie de Brabant=, daughter of Henri III, duc de Brabant. She married Philippe _le Hardi_, king of France, and was accused by Labrosse of having poisoned Philippe’s son by his former wife. Jean de Brabant defended the queen’s innocence by combat, and being the victor, Labrosse was hung (1260-1321).

Ancelot has made this the subject of an historical poem called _Marie de Brabant_, in six chants (1825).

=Marie Kirikitoun=, a witch who promised to do a certain task for a lassie, in order that she might win a husband, provided the lassie either remembered the witch’s name for a year and a day, or submitted to any punishment she might choose to inflict. The lassie was married, and forgot the witch’s name; but the fay was heard singing, “Houpa, houpa, Marie Kirikitoun! Nobody will remember my name,” The lassie, being able to tell the witch’s name, was no more troubled.—_Basque Legend._

Grimm has a similar tale, but the name is Rumpel-stilzchen, and the song was:

Little dreams my dainty dame, Rumplestilzchen is my name.

=Marie Rogret= (_The Mystery of_). The mysterious murder of a _grisette_ in New York City supplied material for _The Mystery of Marie Roget_, in which Poe, with marvellous skill, “works up a case” which subsequent events proved to have been the correct theory of the murder in all its details.—Edgar Allan Poe, _The Mystery of Marie Roget_ (1842).

=Mariette.=

“Too rash is she for cold coquette,— Love dares not claim her; I can but say, ‘’Tis Mariette,’ Nor more than name her. * * * * * * * And what have I, whom men forget To offer to her? A woman’s passion, Mariette, There is no truer.” Dora Read Goodale, _Mariette_ (1878).

=Mari´na=, daughter of Per´iclês, prince of Tyre, born at sea, where her mother, Thais´a, as it was supposed, died in giving her birth. Prince Periclês entrusted the infant to Cleon (governor of Tarsus) and his wife, Dionys´ia, who brought her up excellently well, and she became most highly accomplished; but when grown to budding womanhood, Dionysia, out of jealousy, employed Le´onine (3 _syl._) to murder her. Leonine took Marina to the coast with this intent, but the outcast was seized by pirates, and sold at Metali´nê as a slave. Here Periclês landed on his voyage from Tarsus to Tyre, and Marina was introduced to him to chase away his melancholy. She told him the story of her life, and he perceived at once that she was his daughter. Marina was now betrothed to Lysimachus, governor of Metalinê; but, before the espousals, went to visit the shrine of Diana of Ephesus, to return thanks to the goddess, and the priestess was discovered to be Thaisa, the mother of Marina.—Shakespeare, _Pericles, Prince of Tyre_ (1608).

_Marina_, wife of Jacopo Fos´cari, the doge’s son.—Byron, _The Two Foscari_ (1820).

=Marinda= or MARIDAH, the fair concubine of Haroun-al-Raschid.

=Marine= (_The Female_), Hannah Snell, of Worcester. She was present at the attack of Pondicherry. Ultimately she left the service, and opened a public-house in Wapping (London), but still retained her male attire (born 1723).

=Mari´nel=, the beloved of Florimel, “the Fair.” Marinel was the son of black-browed Cym´oent (daughter of Nereus and Dumarin), and allowed no one to pass by the rocky cave where he lived without doing battle with him. When Marinel forbade Britomart to pass, she replied, “I mean not thee entreat to pass;” and with her spear knocked him “grovelling on the ground.” His mother, with the sea-nymphs, came to him; and the “lily-handed Liagore,” who knew leechcraft, feeling his pulse, said life was not extinct. So he was carried to his mother’s bower, “deep in the bottom of the sea,” where Tryphon (the sea-gods’ physician), soon restored him to perfect health. One day, Proteus asked Marinel and his mother to a banquet, and while the young man was sauntering about, he heard a female voice lamenting her hard lot, and saying her hardships were brought about for her love to Marinel. The young man discovered that the person was Florimel, who had been shut up in a dungeon by Proteus for rejecting his suit; so he got a warrant of release from Neptune, and married her.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iii. 8; iv. 11, 12 (1590, 1596).

=Mari´ni= (_J.B._), called _Le cavalier Marin_, born at Naples. He was a poet, and is known by his poem called _Adonis_ or _L’Adone_, in twenty cantos (1623). The poem is noted for its description of the “Garden of Venus.”

If the reader will ... read over Ariosto’s picture of the garden of paradise, Tasso’s garden of Armi´da, and Marini’s garden of Venus, he will be persuaded that Milton imitates their manner, but ... excels the originals.—Thyer.

=Mari´no Falie´ro=, the forty-ninth doge of Venice, elected 1354. A patrician named Michel Steno, having behaved indecently to some of the ladies at a great civic banquet given by the doge, was turned out of the house by order of the duke. In revenge, the young man wrote a scurrilous libel against the dogaressa, which he fastened to the doge’s chair of state. The insult being referred to “the Forty,” Steno was condemned to imprisonment for a month. This punishment was thought by the doge to be so inadequate to the offence that he joined a conspiracy to overthrow the republic. The conspiracy was betrayed by Bertram, one of the members, and the doge was beheaded on the “Giant’s Staircase.”—Byron, _Marino Faliero_ (1819).

⁂ Casimir Delavigne, in 1829, brought out a tragedy on the same subject, and with the same title.

=Marion de Lorme=, in whose house the conspirators met. She betrayed all their movements and designs to Richelieu.—Lord Lytton, _Richelieu_ (1839).

=Marion Halcomb=, courageous half-sister of Laura Fairly, admired by Count Fosco, and hated by her brother-in-law, Percival Glyde. Through Marion’s acuteness and devotion Laura is rescued from an insane asylum, her persecutors exposed, and herself cared for tenderly until her recovery to health and marriage to Walter Hartright.—Wilkie Collins, _The Woman in White_.

=Maritor´nes= (4 _syl._), an Asturian chamber-maid at the Crescent Moon tavern, to which Don Quixote was taken by his squire after their drubbing by the goat-herds. The crazy knight insisted that the tavern was a castle, and that Maritornes, “the lord’s daughter,” was in love with him.

She was broad-faced, flat-nosed, blind of one eye, and had a most delightful squint with the other; the peculiar gentility of her shape, however, compensated for every defect, she being about three feet in height, and remarkably hunchbacked.—Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iii. 2 (1605).

=Marius= (_Caïus_), the Roman general, tribune of the people, B.C. 119; the rival of Sylla.

Antony Vincent Arnault wrote a tragedy in French entitled _Marius à Minturnes_ (1791). Thomas Lodge, M.D., in 1594, wrote a drama called _Wounds of Civil War, lively set forth in the True Tragedies of Marius and Sylla_.

=Mar´ivaux= (_Pierre de Chamblain de_), a French writer of comedies and romances (1678-1763).

S. Richardson is called “The English Marivaux” (1689-1761).

=Marjory= of Douglas, daughter of Archibald, earl of Douglas, and duchess of Rothsay.—Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

=Mark= (_Sir_), king of Cornwall, who held his court at Tintag´il. He was a wily, treacherous coward, hated and despised by all true knights. One day, Sir Dinadan, in jest, told him that Sir Launcelot might be recognized by “his shield, which was silver with a black rim.” This was, in fact, the cognizance of Sir Mordred; but, to carry out the joke, Sir Mordred lent it to Dagonet, King Arthur’s fool. Then, mounting the jester on a large horse, and placing a huge spear in his hand, the knights sent him to offer battle to King Mark. When Dagonet beheld the coward king, he cried aloud, “Keep thee, sir knight, for I will slay thee!” King Mark, thinking it to be Sir Launcelot, spurred his horse to flight. The fool gave chase, rating King Mark “as a wood man [_madman_].” All the knights who beheld it roared at the jest, told King Arthur, and the forest rang with their laughter. The wife of King Mark was Isond (Ysolde) _the Fair_ of Ireland, whose love for Sir Tristram was a public scandal.—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, ii. 96, 97 (1470).

Transcriber’s Note

Given the nature of the text, there were copious errors in the typesetting. Errors deemed most likely to be the printer’s have been corrected, and are noted here.

The references below are to the page and line in the original. Since the original text was arranged in two columns, ‘L’ and ‘R’ denote the side of the page.

1R.24 C.R. Leslie says[,]: Removed. 5L.29 against the Scotch[./,] and the chief Replaced. character 6R.34 Lachesis [_Lak´.e.sis_][/.] and At´ropos. Replaced. 19L.8 he suffers himself to[ to] become enamored Removed. 19R.8 are the sick and mai[n/m]ed Replaced. 29R.17 the [“]foundling of the forest,” Added. 29R.20 F[l]orian is light-hearted and volatile Inserted. 31L.28 [_Fe.ā´.ra.brah_][./,] daughter of Laban Replaced. 36L.17 called King [“]King Charles’s jester” Added. 38L.16 Ellen Olney Kirk, _Sons and Daughters_ Replaced. (1887[]/)] 38L.28 his pro[s]testations of love Removed. 42L.28 =Foundling= (_The_)[,] Harriet Raymond Added. 44L.37 and the two means 77=14.[)] Added. 45L.12 in the s[ei/ie]ge of Corinth Transposed. 57L.23 and [“]took the Lord’s body Added. 58R.29 [(]Dr. William Cullen Removed. 58R.34 astrolo[o]ger of Louis XI. Removed. 59L.27 When G[è/é]ronte hears this Replaced. 63R.27 “The Petrarch of Spain[”] Added. 75R.13 _Money_ (1840.[)]. Added. 76L.20 daughter of Gerald Fitzge[ar/ra]ld Transposed. 77L.5 Sganar[i/e]lle asks him if he would advise his Replaced. marrying. 79R.6 B[ry/yr]on, _The Giaour_ (1813) Transposed. 79R.38 His seven daughters were turned into Transposed. ha[cl/lc]yons 83R.13 a[u/n]d died from eating Inverted. 85R.12 grasping C[ro/or]ineus with all his might Transposed. 88R.18 “Spring,” “Summer,” “Autumn,” and [“]Winter” Added. 89R.44 broke to pieces “Mambrino’s he[ml/lm]et,” Transposed. 90R.10 He calls the bridegro[o]m “young Lovell.” Inserted. 92R.28 Sir W. [W.'] Scott Redundant. 97L.25 between the Bononcinists and Handelists[.] Restored. 98R.5 [“]Divina Natura agros dedit Added. 100L.5 “prince of Magog[”] Added. 100R.35 (g and w being convertibleletters,[)] Added. 102R.20 Miller of Gre[e]noble Removed. 105R.3 in those superstit[i]ous times Inserted. 113R.33 in such foolishness.[”] Added. 115R.2 of all the Portuguese statesm[a/e]n Replaced. 115R.11 (_Sir Lau[u/n]celot_) Inverted. 116L.2 stabbed the t[ry/yr]ant to the heart Transposed. 116L.27 a haunch of ven[si/is]on Transposed. 120L.31 the strongest man of arms.[”] Added. 120R.25 who tried to stop p[r]ilgrims Removed. 121R.20 as [“]Sir Francis Gripe.” Added. 123L.14 and it won’t do.[”] Added. 127L.7 laid siege to Châtea[nu/un]euf-de-Randan Transposed. 128R.39 Sigismunda bo[l]dly defended her choice Inserted. 129L.35 _Arab[ai/ia]n Nights_ Transposed. 134L.1 when you see Gwenhidwy driv[-/ing] her flock Completed. ashore 135L.32 then s[ie/ei]zed the “Nibelung hoard,” Transposed. 137R.28 in the disguise of a physici[s/a]n Replaced. 138R.18 bringing about a reconci[a]lation Inserted. 139L.15 and Zaph[mi/im]ri was raised to the throne Transposed. 140L.4 Charles Martel (689-741)[,/.] Replaced. 145R.27 Belg[ui/iu]m and Switzerland Transposed. 148L.39 He falls in love with Lou[si/is]a Transposed. 151L.44 pressed by hunger[./,] Replaced. 151R.8 the souls[.] of the murdered people Removed. 153L.2 (time[,] Charles I.) Added. 156L.11 some virgin of spotless purity volunteer[e]d Inserted. to die 157L.3 he is acquit[t]ed Inserted. 158R.4 yet with such exqu[i]site address Inserted. 158R.11 as “two cherries on one stalk.[”] Added. 159L.13 (4) for Sabians[,] Added. 164R.2 moved round the sun (1564-1642[)]. Added. 164R.4 was burnt alive for ma[i]ntaining Inserted. 164R.36 is to “show[”] as in a mirror Removed. 165L.27 in the tale.[)] Added. 165R.27 (_Hermês [“]thrice-greatest_”) Added. 167R.45 [“/‘]May you have but one president,’ Replaced. 171L.19 “Tough as Hickory[./,]” Replaced. 173L.21 The monk of Hildesh[ie/ei]m Transposed. 173R.38 betroths her to Thes[ue/ue]s Transposed. 182R.42 called “The Cape of Storms[”]. Added. 183L.2 was or[i]ginally called Inserted. 184L.31 which he prefer[e/r]ed to filial and brotherly Replaced. affection 185L.12 the or[i]ginal of our _Childe Horne_ Inserted. 185R.20 [(]These are called “The Prince of Wales’s Added. ...”) 186L.19 the s[ei/ie]ge of Arrestan Transposed. 189L.40 Sir[.] W. Scott Removed. 191L.13 He was corruptly called “Jancus Lain.[”] Added. 202L.27 and we can wait.[”] Added. 205R.11 I am lying her[e] above thee Added. 206L.2 Iachimo accep[t]ed the wager Inserted. 206L.43 cla[i]ming the fulfilment of the compact Inserted. 207R.21 he affirmed to be by Sh[e]akespeare Removed. 207R.25 the poet-laur[e]ate Inserted. 212R.41 M. Drayton, _Polyolb[oi/io]n_ Transposed. 215R.24 —Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. [(]1596). Added. 216R.13 “Everard Olive of Tipperary Hall,[ “/” ] who Misplaced. wrote 221L.21 I have lost thee, Isadore![”] Added. 222L.17 [(]See SKANDERBEG Added. 222R.14 “duke of Shoreditch[”] Added. 222R.49 but afterwards a re[gen/neg]ade to Islam Transposed. 223R.15 out of jealous[l]y Removed. 226R.32 ‘Let’s / [‘]—Heigho —Heigho ... go look at our Removed. lions!’ 227R.17 who promised to remedy all abuses (*-1450[)]. Inserted. 233R.35 an old woman at Middlemas vill[i]age Removed. 235L.18 a gigantic pra[c]tical joke Inserted. 236R.13 stand on the bare ground.[”] Added. 237L.36 “Good land! I know what girls are, I hope![”] Added. 239L.18 when her young master ass[s]ails her Removed. 240L.14 his name was comp[li/il]ed by Transposed. 245R.1 a fellow-bather from the s[e/u]rf Replaced. 251L.8 [“]Pour moi, je tiens Added. 255L.1 No place obtained.[”] Added. 256L.1 Ju[il/li]et Transposed. 261.L.35 daughter o[r/f] King Obĕron Replaced. 263L.30 Sir Galahad of chas[t]ity Inserted. 268L.20 Agesilaös of Sparta (B.C. 444, 398[ /-3]60). Restored. 268L.34 called “The Lion King of Assyria[”] Added. 269L.19 [(]surnamed _the Rash_) Added. 269L.38 Boniface I., pope (*, [4 8 /418-]422). Restored. 270L.31 (1194, 1215-1250[)]. Added. 270R.2 Louis VII., _le Jeune_, of France (1120, Replaced. 11[8/3]7-1180. 272R.7 from one of the declivi[i]ties Removed. 274R.36 the mona[r]chy ended. Inserted. 275R.19 —Monstrelet, _Chroniques_, v. 190 [(]1512). Added. 279R.25 Sir W. Scott, _Castle Dangerous[.]_ Added. 282R.34 =Knig[n/h]ts of the Ermine= Replaced. 287R.5 a play of Shake[s]peare’s Inserted. 287R.9 C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nick[el/le]by_ Transposed. 288R.36 T. B. Aldrich, _The Lady of Cast[le/le]nore_ Transposed. 292R.40 Bryon, _Don Juan_, iii. 26, etc. (1820)[,/.] Replaced. 294L.13 George Eliot, _Silas [W/M]arner_. Replaced. 294L.41 when well powdered.[”] Added. 298R.39 Uthal was slain in single c[a/o]mbat Replaced. 300L.29 Augustin[,] of Hippo Removed. 305R.4 =Laurringtons= [(](_The_) Rememoved. 311L.29 a covet[u]ous lawyer Removed. 315R.6 by the hands of the executioner.[)] Added. 316R.23 vindicated Mariana of the sligh[t]est Inserted. indiscretion 317L.36 [(]See ISABELLE.) Added. 318R.22 Fer[di]nando, not knowing that she was the Removed. king’s mistress 322R.15 “goddess of Liberty.[”] Added. 323R.28 The other two were Parthen´ope and Added. Leucothëa[.] 324L.31 A[u]gustus Cæsar the sea-calf Inserted. 325L.24 The voyage to L[u/i]lliput Replaced. 330L.1 the _fidus Achatês_ of Robin Hood[.] Added. 336R.6 the intrenched spirit in twain[.] Added. 339R.19 to invade En[g]land Inserted. 344L.17 for a somewhat sim[i]liar coincidence Removed. 345L.25 For less my worth, you must allow, than Added. heaven.[”] 351R.36 “Voyage to Lilliput,[”] Added. 355R.33 on one occas[s]ion Removed. 360L.31 Camoens, _The Lu[c/s]iad_, in ten books Replaced. 360R.11 This Lu[c/s]us colonized the country Replaced. 363L.22 When Demetrius awoke he [become] more _sic_: reasonable became? had become? 370R.38 n[ei/ie]ce of Mr. Jonathan Oldbuck Transposed. 376R.26 Melchior means “king of light[”]; Added. 378R.22 Al Borak (“the light[n]ing”) Inserted. 378R.32 ([8/7]) Rehana, a Jewish captive. Replaced. 380R.31 to [to ] and condemned death Removed. 383L.41 conspiring against the king of Portugal Replaced. (1689-1761)[,/.] 383R.19 Exclusive of his natural ba[r]barity Inserted. 391R.12 that the barg[a]in shall stand good Inserted. 394L.10 _The Plain Dealer[’]_ Removed. 395R.2 but not being an o[r]thodox Moslem Inserted. 396L.32 (mother of the vainglorious Duarte[)], Added. 398L.31 that of Mar[arg/gar]et Transposed. 399R.15 and she arr[r]ives at Port Jackson Removed. 400L.16 was s[ie/ei]zed Transposed. 400L.19 Ma[r]garet replied Inserted.

The following words had inconsistent hyphenation. Words which are hyphenated on a line break retained the hyphen (or not) depending on other instances.

lawsuit/law-suit schoolmaster/school-master sweetheart/sweet-heart overbearing/over-bearing grandchild/grand-child housekeeper/house-keeper bookworm/book-worm Deerslayer/Deer-slayer Greatheart/Great-heart innkeeper/inn-keeper undersea/under-sea turnpike/turn-pike sunbeam/sun-beam reappeared/re-appeared Parthlud/Parth-lud lighthouse/light-house Heughfoot/Heugh-foot heartache/heart-ache harelip/hare-lip Glamorgan/Gla-morgan chambermaid/chamber-maid