canto i. the childe visits Portugal and Spain (1809); in canto ii.,

Turkey in Europe (1810); in canto iii., Belgium and Switzerland (1816); in canto iv., Venice, Rome, and Florence (1817).

⁂ Lord Byron was only 21 when he began _Childe Harold_, and 28 when he finished it.

=Haroun-al-Raschid=, caliph, of the Abbasside race, contemporary with Charlemagne, and, like him, a patron of literature and the arts. The court of this caliph was most splendid, and under him the caliphate attained its greatest degree of prosperity (765-809).

⁂ Many of the tales in the _Arabian Nights_ are placed in the caliphate of Haroun-al-Raschid, as the histories of “Am´inê,” “Sindbad the Sailor,” “Aboul-hasson and Shemselnihar,” “Noureddin,” “Codadad and his Brothers,” “Sleeper Awakened,” and “Cogia Hassan.” In the the third of these the caliph is a principal actor.

=Har´pagon=, the miser, father of Cléante (_2 syl._) and Elise (_2 syl._). Both Harpagon and his son desire to marry Mariane (_3 syl._); but the father, having lost a casket of money, is asked which he prefers—his casket or Mariane, and as the miser prefers the money, Cléante marries the lady. Harpagon imagines that every one is going to rob him, and when he loses his casket, seizes his own arm in the frenzy of passion. He proposes to give his daughter in marriage to an old man named Anselme, because no “dot” will be required; and when Valère (who is Elise’s lover) urges reason after reason against the unnatural alliance, the miser makes but one reply, “sans dot.” “Ah,” says Valère, “il est vrai cela ferme la bouche à tout, _sans dot_.” Harpagon, at another time, solicits Jacques (_1 syl._) to tell him what folks say of him: and when Jacques replies he cannot do so, as it would make him angry, the miser answers, “Point de tout, au contraire, c’est me faire plaisir.” But when told that he is called a miser and a skinflint, he towers with rage, and beats Jacques in his uncontrolled passion.

“Le seigneur Harpagon est de tous les humains l’humain le moins humain, le mortel de tous les mortels le plus dur et le plus serré” (ii. 5). Jacques says to him, “Jamais on ne parle de vous que sous les noms d’avare, de ladre, de vilain, et de fesse-Matthiæ” (iii. 5).—Molière, _L’Avare_ (1667).

=Harpax=, centurion of the “Immortal Guard.”—Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).

=Harpê= (_2 syl._), the cutlass with which Mercury killed Argus, and with which Perseus (_2 syl._) subsequently cut off the head of Medusa.

=Harper=, a familiar spirit of mediæval demonology.

Harper cries, “’Tis time, ’tis time!” Shakespeare, _Macbeth_, act iv. sc. 1 (1606).

=Harpoc´rates= (_4 syl._), the god of silence. Cupid bribed him with a rose not to divulge the amours of Venus. Harpocratês is generally represented with his second finger on his mouth.

He also symbolized the sun at the end of winter, and is represented with a cornucopia in one hand and a lotus in the other. The lotus is dedicated to the sun, because it opens at sunrise and closes at sunset.

I assured my mistress she might make herself quite easy on that score [i.e. _my making mention of what was told me_], for I was the Harpocrates of trusty valets.—Lesage, _Gil Blas_, iv. 2 (1724).

=Harriet=, the elder daughter of Sir David and Lady Dunder, of Dunder Hall. She was in love with Scruple, whom she accidentally met at Calais; but her parents arranged that she should marry Lord Snolts, a stumpy, “gummy” old nobleman of five-and-forty. To prevent this hateful marriage, Harriet consented to elope with Scruple; but the flight was intercepted by Sir David, who, to prevent a scandal, consented to the marriage, and discovered that Scruple, both in family and fortune, was a suitable son-in-law.—G. Colman, _Ways and Means_ (1788).

=Harriet= [=Mowbray=], the daughter of Colonel Mowbray, an orphan without fortune, without friends, without a protector. She marries clandestinely Charles Eustace.—J. Poole, _The Scapegoat_.

=Harriot= [RUSSET], the simple, unsophisticated daughter of Mr. Russet. She loves Mr. Oakly, and marries him, but becomes “a jealous wife,” watching her husband like a lynx, to find out some proof of infidelity, and distorting every casual remark as evidence thereof. Her aunt, Lady Freelove, tries to make her a woman of fashion, but without success. Ultimately, she is cured of her idiosyncrasy.—George Colman, _The Jealous Wife_ (1761).

=Harriet= (_Shattuck_), superannuated tailoress who, with her blind sister, lives in the little house in which she was born. It leaks and shakes in the wind, and they are often hungry, but when they are removed to a “Home,” they steal away and walk fourteen miles back to the old house.—Mary E. Wilkins, _A Humble Romance_ (1887.)

=Harris= (_Mrs._), a purely imaginary character, existing only in the brain of Mrs. Sarah Gamp, and brought forth on all occasions to corroborate the opinions and trumpet the praises of Mrs. Gamp, the monthly nurse.

_Harris_, one of the trio of invalids who go up the Thames in quest of health. Their adventures are the theme of Jerome K. Jerome’s _Three Men in a Boat_ (1889).

=Harrises= (_The_), family who live and die in the faith that, to be a born Harris is a career in itself. They are not rich, or learned, or accomplished, but eminently respectable, and clad in simple egotism as with a garment.—Annie Sheldon Coombs, _As Common Mortals_ (1886).

=Harrison= (_Dr._), the model of benevolence, who nevertheless takes in execution the goods and person of his friend Booth, because Booth, while pleading poverty, was buying expensive and needless jewelery.—Fielding, _Amelia_ (1751).

_Harrison_ (_Major-General_), one of the parliamentary commissioners.—Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).

_Harrison_, the old stewart of Lady Bellenden, of the Tower of Tillietudlem.—Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).

=Har´rowby= (_John_), of Stock’s Green, a homely, kind-hearted, honest Kentish farmer, with whom Lieutenant Worthington and his daughter Emily take lodgings. Though most desirous of showing his lodger kindness, he is constantly wounding his susceptibilities from blunt honesty and want of tact.

_Dame Harrowby_, wife of Farmer Harrowby.

_Stephen Harrowby_, son of Farmer Harrowby, who has a mania for soldiering, and calls himself “a perspiring young hero.”

_Mary Harrowby_, daughter of Farmer Harrowby.—G. Colman, _The Poor Gentleman_ (1802).

=Harringtons= (_The_), Melchisedec. Fashionable tailor; “a grand man, despite his calling.” Of him and _Mrs. Harrington_ it was said that she “had a Port, and Melchisedec a Presence.”

_Caroline_, married to Major Strike.

_Harriet_, married to Mr. Andrew Cogglesby.

_Louisa_, married to Señor Silva Diaz, Conde de Saldar.

_Evan_, the only son, brought up in polite circles, hates the name and trade of “tailor,” but bound in honor to pay his father’s debts. After many struggles and divers reverses, the contest between tradesman and diplomatist within him ends in his marriage to an heiress long beloved by him, and the appointment to the position of attaché to the Naples Embassy.—George Meredith, _Evan Harrington_ (1888).

=Harry= (_Sir_), the servant of a baronet, who assumed the airs and title of his master, and was addressed as “Baronet,” or “Sir Harry.” He even quotes a bit of Latin: “O tempora! O Moses!”—Rev. James Townley, _High Life Below Stairs_ (1759).

_Harry_ (_Blind_), the minstrel, friend of Henry Smith.—Sir. W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

_Harry_ (_The Great_), or _Henri Grace à Dieu_, a man-of-war built in the reign of Henry VII.

Towered the _Great Harry_, crank and tall. Longfellow, _The Building of the Ship_.

=Harry Paddington=, a highwayman in the gang of Captain Macheath. Peachum calls him “a poor, petty-larceny rascal, without the least genius;” and says, “even if the fellow were to live six months, he would never come to the gallows with credit.”—Gay, _The Beggar’s Opera_ (1727).

=Hart´house= (_2 syl._) a young man who begins life as a cornet of dragoons, but, being bored with everything, coaches himself up in statistics, and comes to Coketown to study facts. He falls in love with Louisa [_née_ Gradgrind], wife of Josiah Bounderby, banker and mill-owner, but, failing to induce the young wife to elope with him, he leaves the place.—C. Dickens, _Hard Times_ (1854).

=Hartley= (_Adam_), afterwards Dr. Hartly. Apprentice to Dr. Gray.—Sir W. Scott, _The Surgeon’s Daughter_ (time, George II.).

=Hartwell= (_Lady_), a widow, courted by Fountain, Bellamore, and Harebrain.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _Wit without Money_ (1639).

=Harût and Marût=, two angels sent by Allah to administer justice upon earth, because there was no righteous judgment among men. They acted well till Zoha´ra, a beautiful woman, applied to them, and then they both fell in love with her. She asked them to tell her the secret name of God, and immediately she uttered it, she was borne upwards into heaven, where she became the planet Venus. As for the two angels, they were imprisoned in a cave near Babylon.—Sale’s _Korân_, ii.

Allah bade That two untempted spirits should descend, Judges on earth. Haruth and Maruth went, The chosen sentencers. They fairly heard The appeals of men ... At length, A woman came before them; beautiful Zohara was, etc. Southey, _Talaba the Destroyer_, iv. (1797).

=Hassan=, caliph of the Ottoman empire, noted for his splendor and hospitality. In his seraglio was a beautiful young slave named Leila (_2 syl_.), who had formed an attachment to “the Giaour” (_2 syl_.). Leila is put to death by the emir, and Hassan is slain near Monut Parnassus by the giaour [_djow´.er_].—Byron, _The Giaour_ (1813).

_Hassan_, the story-teller, in the retinue of the Arabian physician.—Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).

_Hassan_ (_Al_), the Arabian emir of Persia, father of Hinda. He won the battle of Cadessia, and thus became master of Persia.—T. Moore, _Lalla Rookh_ (“the Fire-Worshippers,” 1817).

_Hassan_ surnamed _Al Habbal_ (“the rope-maker”), and subsequently _Cogia_ (“merchant”); his full name was then Cogia Hassan Alhabbal. Two friends, named Saad and Saadi, tried an experiment on him. Saadi gave him 200 pieces of gold in order to see if it would raise him from extreme poverty to affluence. Hassan took ten pieces for immediate use, and sewed the rest in his turban; but a kite pounced on his turban and carried it away. The two friends, after a time, visited Hassan again, but found him in the same state of poverty; and, having heard his tale, Saadi gave him another 200 pieces of gold. Again he took out ten pieces, and, wrapping the rest in a linen rag, hid it in a jar of bran. While Hassan was at work, his wife exchanged this jar of bran for fuller’s earth, and again the condition of the man was not bettered by the gift. Saad now gave the rope-maker a small piece of lead, and this made his fortune thus: A fisherman wanted a piece of lead for his nets, and promised to give Hassan for Saad’s piece whatever he caught in his first draught. This was a large fish, and in it the wife found a splendid diamond, which was sold for 100,000 pieces of gold. Hassan now became very rich, and when the two friends visited him again, they found him a man of consequence. He asked them to stay with him, and took them to his country house, when one of his sons showed him a curious nest, made out of a turban. This was the very turban which the kite had carried off, and the money was found in the lining. As they returned to the city, they stopped and purchased a jar of bran. This happened to be the very jar which the wife had given in exchange, and the money was discovered wrapped in linen at the bottom. Hassan was delighted, and gave the 180 pieces to the poor.—_Arabian Nights_ (“Cogia Hassan Alhabbal”).

_Hassan_ (_Abou_), the son of a rich merchant of Bagdad, and the hero of the tale called “The Sleeper Awakened” (_q.v._).—_Arabian Nights_.

=Hassan Aga=, an infamous renegade, who reigned in Algiers, and was the sovereign there when Cervantes (author of _Don Quixote_) was taken captive by a Barbary corsair in 1574. Subsequently, Hassan bought the captive for 500 ducats, and he remained a slave till he was redeemed by a friar for 1000 ducats.

Every day this Hassan Aga was hanging one, impaling another, cutting off the ears or breaking the limbs of a third ... out of mere wantonness.—Cervantes (1605).

=Hassan ben Sabah=, the old man of the mountain, founder of the sect called the Assassins.

Dr. Adam Clark has supplemented Rymer’s _Fœdera_ with two letters by this sheik. This is not the place to point out the want of judgment in these addenda.

=Hastie= (_Robin_), the smuggler and publican at Annan.—Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

=Hastings=, the friend of young Marlow, who entered with him the house of Squire Hardcastle, which they mistook for an inn. Here the two young men met Miss Hardcastle and Miss Neville. Marlow became the husband of the former, and Hastings, by the aid of Tony Lumpkins, won the latter.—Goldsmith, _She Stoops to Conquer_ (1773).

_Hastings_, one of the court of King Edward IV.—Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Haswell=, the benevolent physician who visited the Indian prisons, and for his moderation, benevolence, and judgment, received the sultan’s signet, which gave him unlimited power.—Mrs. Inchbald, _Such Things Are_ (1786).

=Hat= (_Gessler’s_). The governor of the Swiss cantons in the reign of Albert I. set up his hat at Altorf, requiring the Swiss to salute it in passing. William Tell refused, and was sentenced to shoot an apple from the head of his son. Tell from this became prominent in achieving the liberties of Switzerland.

_Hat_ (_A White_), used to be a mark of radical proclivities, because orator Hunt, the great demagogue, used to wear a white hat during the Wellington and Peel administration.

=Hat worn in the Royal Presence.= Lord Kingsdale acquired the right of wearing his hat in the presence of royalty by a grant from King John. Lord Forester is possessed of the same right, from a grant confirmed by Henry VIII.

=Hats and Caps=, two political factions of Sweden in the eighteenth century. The “Hats” were partisans in the French interest, and were so called because they wore French _chapeaux_. The “Caps” were partisans in the Russian interest, and were so called because they wore the Russian caps as a badge of their party.

=Hatchway= (_Lieutenant Jack_), a retired naval officer on half pay, living with Commodore Trunnion as a companion.—Smollett, _The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle_ (1751).

Who can read the calamities of Trunnion and Hatchway, when run away with by their mettled steed ... without a good hearty burst of honest laughter.—Sir W. Scott.

=Hatef= (_i.e. the deadly_), one of Mahomet’s swords, confiscated from the Jews when they were exiled from Medi´na.

=Hatim= (_Generous as_), an Arabian expression. Hatim was a Bedouin chief, famous for his warlike deeds and boundless generosity. His son was contemporary with Mahomet the prophet.

=Hathaway= (_Richard_). Young farmer whose “silent side” is imperfectly understood by his wife, Anstis Dolbeare, until a mutual sorrow brings them into sympathy each with the other.—A. D. T. Whitney, _Hitherto_ (1869).

=Hatteraick= (_Dirk_), _alias_ JANS JANSON, a Dutch smuggler-captain, and accomplice of lawyer Glossin in kidnapping Henry Bertrand. Meg Merrilies conducts young Hazelwood and others to the smuggler’s cave, when Hatteraick shoots her, is seized, and imprisoned. Lawyer Glossin visits the villain in prison, when a quarrel ensues, in which Hatteraick strangles the lawyer, and then hangs himself.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Hatto=, archbishop of Mentz, was devoured by mice in the Mouse-tower, situated in a little green island in the midst of the Rhine, near the town of Bingen. Some say he was eaten of rats, and Southey, in his ballad called _God’s Judgment on a_ _Wicked Bishop_, has adopted the latter tradition.

This Hatto, in the time of the great famine of 914, when he saw the poor exceedingly oppressed by famine, assembled a great company of them together into a barne at Kaub, and burnt them ... because he thought the famine would sooner cease if those poor folks were despatched out of the world, for like mice they only devour food, and are of no good whatsoever.... But God ... sent against him a plague of mice, ... and the prelate retreated to a tower in the Rhine as a sanctuary; ... but the mice chased him continually, ... and at last he was most miserably devoured by those sillie creatures.—Coryat, _Crudities_, 571, 572.

⁂ Giraldus Cambrensis, in his _Itinerary_, xi. 2, says: “the larger sort of mice are called _rati_.” This may account for the substitution of rats for mice in the legend.

The legend of Hatto is very common, as the following stories will prove:—

_Widerolf_, bishop of Strasburg (997), was devoured by mice in the seventeenth year of his episcopate, because he suppressed the convent of Seltzen, on the Rhine.

_Bishop Adolf_, of Cologne, was devoured by mice or rats in 112.

_Freiherr von Güttingen_ collected the poor in a great barn, and burnt them to death, mocking their cries of agony. He, like Hatto, was invaded by mice, ran to his castle of Güttingen, in the lake of Constance, whither the vermin pursued him, and ate him alive. The Swiss legend says the castle sank in the lake, and may still be seen. Freiherr von Güttingen had three castles, one of which was Moosburg.

_Count Graaf_, in order to enrich himself, bought up all the corn. One year a sad famine prevailed, and the count expected to reap a rich harvest by his speculation; but an army of rats, pressed by hunger, invaded his barns, and, swarming into his Rhine tower, fell on the old baron, worried him to death, and then devoured him.—_Legends of the Rhine_.

A similar story is told by William of Malmesbury, _History_, ii. 313 (Bohn’s edit.).

⁂ Some of the legends state that the “mice” were in reality “the souls of the murdered people.”

=Hatton= (_Sir Christopher_), “the dancing chancellor.” He first attracted the attention of Queen Elizabeth by his graceful dancing at a masque. He was made by her chancellor and knight of the Garter.

⁂ M. de Lauzun, the favorite of Louis XVI., owed his fortune also to the manner in which he danced in the king’s quadrille.

You’ll know Sir Christopher by his turning out his toes,—famous, you know, for his dancing.—Sheridan, _The Critic_, ii. 1 (1779).

=Hautlieu= (_Sir Artavan de_), in the introduction of Sir W. Scott’s _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).

_Hautlieu_ (_The Lady Margaret de_), first disguised as sister Ursula, and afterwards affianced to Sir Malcolm Fleming.—Sir W. Scott, _Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.).

=Have´lok= (_2 syl._), or =Hablok=, the orphan son of Birkabegn, king of Denmark, was exposed at sea through the treachery of his guardians. The raft drifted to the coast of Lincolnshire, where it was discovered by Grim, a fisherman, who reared the young foundling as his own son. It happened that some twenty years later certain English nobles usurped the dominions of an English princess, and, to prevent her gaining any access of power by a noble alliance, resolved to marry her to a peasant. Young Havelok was selected as the bridegroom, but having discovered the story of his birth, he applied to his father Birkabegn for aid in recovering his wife’s possessions. The king afforded him the aid required, and the young foundling became in due time both king of Denmark and king of that part of England which belonged to him in right of his wife.—_Havelok the Dane_ (by the trouveurs).

=Havisham= (_Miss_), an old spinster, who dressed always in her bridal dress, with lace veil from head to foot, white shoes, bridal flowers in her white hair, and jewels on her hands and neck. She was the daughter of a rich brewer, engaged to Compeyson, a young man, who deserted her on the wedding morning; from which moment she became fossilized (ch. xxii.). She fell into the fire, and died from the shock.

_Estella Havisham_, the adopted child of Miss Havisham, by whom she was brought up. She was proud, handsome, and self-possessed. Pip loved her, and probably she reciprocated his love, but she married Bentley Drummle, who died, leaving Estella a young widow. The tale ends with these words:

I [_Pip_] took her hand in mine, and we went out of the ruined place. As the morning mists had risen ... when I first left the forge, so the evening were rising now; and ... I saw no shadow of another parting from her.—C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860).

=Haw´cabite= (_3 syl._), a street bully. After the Restoration, we had a succession of these disturbers of the peace; first came the Muns, then followed the Tityre Tus, the Hectors, the Scourers, the Nickers, the Hawcabites, and after them the Mohawks, the most dreaded of all.

=Hawk= (_Sir Mulberry_), the bear-leader of Lord Frederick Verisopht. He is a most unprincipled _roué_, who sponges on his lordship, snubs him, and despises him. “Sir Mulberry was remarkable for his tact in ruining young gentlemen of fortune.”

=Hawk-Eye.= Name given by frontiermen to Natty Bumppo, who is also called by the French, _La Longue Carbine_.—James Fenimore Cooper, _The Last of the Mohicans._

_To know a hawk from a handsaw_, a corruption of “from a hernshaw” (i.e. _a heron_), meaning that one is so ignorant, he does not know a hawk from a heron: the bird of prey from the game flown at. The Romans had a proverb, _Ignorat quid distent ara lupinis_ (“he does not know money from lupines,” or beans); lupines were used on the Roman stage as money. We have a proverb, “He doesn’t know beans,” which may be descended from the Roman saying.

=Hawthorn=, a jolly, generous old fellow, of jovial spirit, and ready to do any one a kindness; consequently, everybody loves him. He is one of those rare, unselfish beings, who “loves his neighbor better than himself.”—I. Bickerstaff, _Love in a Village._

=Haworth.= A starving lad, found in the snow at a foundry-door, becomes in time master of the works. He is imperious and greedy of power, making few friends and many foes. One human being believes in him—his mother—and when his ambition overvaults itself and he is ruined and in danger of being mobbed, she goes away with him into the darkness.—Frances Hodgson Burnett, _Haworths_ (1879).

=Hay= (_Colonel_), in the king’s army.—Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

_Hay_ (_John_), fisherman, near Ellangowan.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Haydn= could never compose a single bar of music unless he could see on his finger the diamond ring given him by Frederick II.

=Hayle= (_Maverick_). Betrothed of Perley Kelso in _The Silent Partner_, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. He cannot sympathize with her religious and philanthropic views, and, recognizing the truth that she has outgrown him, acquiesces in her wish for a dissolution of the engagement. He marries dainty, feather-headed “Fly.”

=Hayston= (_Frank_), laird of Bucklaw and afterwards of Girnington. In order to retrieve a broken fortune, a marriage was arranged between Hayston and Lucy Ashton. Lucy, being told that her plighted lover (Edgar, master of Ravenswood) was unfaithful, assented to the family arrangement, but stabbed her husband on the wedding night, went mad and died. Frank Hayston recovered from his wound and went abroad.—Sir W. Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).

⁂ In Donizetti’s opera, Hayston is called “Arturio.”

=Hazelwood= (_Sir Robert_), the old baronet of Hazelwood.

_Charles Hazelwood_, son of Sir Robert. In love with Lucy Bertram, whom he marries.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Head´rigg= (_Cuddie_), a ploughman in Lady Bellenden’s service. (Cuddie-Cuthbert.)—Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).

=Headstone= (_Bradley_), a school-master of very determined character and violent passion. He loves Lizzie Hexam with an irresistible, mad love, and tries to kill Eugene Wrayburn out of jealousy. Grappling with Rogue Riderhood on Plashwater Bridge, Riderhood falls backward into the smooth pit, and Headstone over him. Both of them perish in the grasp of a death-struggle.—C. Dickens, _Our Mutual Friend_ (1864).

=Hearn= (_Frank_), lieutenant in U.S.A., against whom a charge is brought of refusing to pay just debts. He asserts that the account was paid, and the tradesman produces a ledger to prove the opposite. Joined to other evidence this seems conclusive, until _Georgia Marshall_, with whom Hearn is in love, catches sight of the ledger, and scribbles a note to her lover from the other side of the room. He raises a leaf of the ledger between the light and himself and discovers a water-mark—a date—that establishes the fact of perjury.—Charles King, _An Army Portia_ (1890).

=Heart of Midlothian=, the old jail or tolbooth of Edinburgh, taken down in 1817.

Sir Walter Scott has a novel so called (1818), the plot of which is as follows:—Effie Deans, the daughter of a Scotch cow-feeder, is seduced by George Staunton, son of the rector of Willingham; and Jeanie is cited as a witness on the trial which ensues, by which Effie is sentenced to death for child murder. Jeanie promises to go to London and ask the king to pardon her half-sister, and after various perils, arrives at her destination. She lays her case before the duke of Argyll, who takes her in his carriage to Richmond, and obtains for her an interview with the queen, who promises to intercede with his majesty (George II.) on her sister’s behalf. In due time the royal pardon is sent to Edinburgh, Effie is released, and marries her seducer, now Sir George Staunton; but some years after the marriage Sir George is shot by a gypsy boy, who is in reality his illegitimate son. On the death of her husband, Lady Staunton retires to a convent on the continent. Jeanie marries Reuben Butler, the Presbyterian minister. The novel opens with the Porteous riots.

=Heartall= (_Governor_), an old bachelor, peppery in temper, but with a generous heart and unbounded benevolence. He is as simple minded as a child, and loves his young nephew almost to adoration.

_Frank Heartall_, the governor’s nephew, impulsive, free-handed and free-hearted, benevolent and frank. He falls in love with the Widow Cheerly, the daughter of Colonel Woodley, whom he sees first at the opera. Ferret, a calumniating rascal, tries to do mischief, but is utterly foiled.—Cherry, _The Soldier’s Daughter_ (1804).

=Heartfree= (_Jack_), a railer against women and against marriage. He falls half in love with Lady Fanciful, on whom he rails, and marries Belinda.—Vanbrugh, _The Provoked Wife_ (1693).

=Heartwell=, a friend of Modeley’s, who falls in love with Flora, a niece of old Farmer Freehold. They marry and are happy.—John Philip Kemble, _The Farm-house._

=Heatherblutter= (_John_), gamekeeper of the baron of Bradwardine (_3 syl._) at Tully Veolan.—Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Heaven-sent Minister= (_The_), William Pitt (1759-1806).

=Hebe= (_2 syl._), goddess of youth, and cup-bearer of the immortals before Ganymede superseded her. She was the wife of Herculês, and had the power of making the aged young again. (See PLOUSINA.)

Hebês are they to hand ambrosia, mix The nectar. Tennyson, _The Princess_, iii.

=Hebron=, in the first part of _Absalom and Achitophel_, by Dryden, stands for Holland; but in the second part, by Tate, it stands for Scotland. Hebronite similarly means in one case a Hollander, and in the other a Scotchman.

=Hec´ate= (_2 syl._), called in classic mythology _Hec´.a.te_ (_3 syl._); a triple deity, being _Luna_ in heaven, _Dian’a_ on earth, and _Proserpine_ (_3 syl._) in hell. Hecate presided over magic and enchantments, and was generally represented as having the head of a horse, dog or boar, though sometimes she is represented with three bodies, and three heads looking different ways. Shakespeare introduces her in his tragedy of _Macbeth_ (act iii. sc. 5), as queen of the witches; but the witches of Macbeth have been largely borrowed from a drama called _The Witch_, by Thom. Middleton (died 1626). The following is a specimen of this indebtedness:—

_Hecate._ Black spirits and white, red spirits and grey. Mingle, mingle, mingle, you that mingle may.... _1st Witch._ Here’s the blood of a bat. _Hecate._ Put in that, oh, put in that. _2nd Witch._ Here’s libbard’s bane. _Hecate._ Put in again, etc., etc. Middleton, _The Witch_.

And yonder pale-faced Hecate there, the moon, Doth give consent to that is done in darkness. Thom. Kyd, _The Spanish Tragedy_ (1597).

=Hector=, one of the sons of Priam, king of Troy. This bravest and ablest of all the Trojan chiefs was generalissimo of the allied armies, and was slain in the last year of the war by Achillês, who, with barbarous fury, dragged the dead body insultingly thrice round the tomb of Patroclos and the walls of the beleagured city.—Homer, _Iliad_.

=Hector de Mares= (_1 syl._) or Marys, a knight of the Round Table, brother of Sir Launcelot du Lac.

The gentle Gaw´ain’s courteous love, Hector de Mares, and Pellinore. Sir W. Scott, _Bridal of Triermain_, ii. 13 (1813).

=Hector of Germany=, Joachim II., elector of Brandenburg (1514-1571).

=Hector of the Mist=, an outlaw, killed by Allan M’Aulay.—Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

=Hectors=, street bullies. Since the Restoration, we have had a succession of street brawlers, as the Muns, the Tityre Tus, the Hectors, the Scourers, the Nickers, the Hawcabites, and, lastly, the Mohawks, worst of them all.

=Heeltap= (_Crispin_), a cobbler, and one of the corporation of Garratt, of which Jerry Sneak is chosen mayor,—S. Foote, _The Mayor of Garratt_ (1763).

=Heep= (_Uriah_), a detestable sneak, who is everlastingly forcing on one’s attention that he is so _’umble._ Uriah is Mr. Wickfield’s clerk, and, with all his ostentatious ’umility, is most designing, malignant, and intermeddling. His infamy is dragged to light by Mr. Micawber.

=Herr Piper=, “representative in New Swedeland of the Great Gustavus, the bulwark of the Protestant Religion,” and a mighty stickler for forms and ceremonies appertaining to the office.—James Kirke Paulding, _Königsmarke_ (1823).

=Heidelberg= (_Mrs._), the widow of a wealthy Dutch merchant, who kept her brother’s house (Mr. Sterling, a city merchant). She was very vulgar, and “knowing the strength of her purse, domineered on the credit of it.” Mrs. Heidelberg had most exalted notions “of the quality,” and a “perfect contempt for everything that did not smack of high life.” Her English was certainly faulty, as the following specimens will show:—_farden_, _wolgar_, _spurrit_, _pertest_, _Swish_, _kivers_, _purliteness_, etc. She spoke of a _pictur by Raphael-Angelo_, a _po-shay_, _dish-abille_, _parfect naturals_ [idiots], _most genteelest_, and so on. When thwarted in her overbearing ways, she threatened to leave the house and go to Holland to live with her husband’s cousin, Mr. Vanderspracken.—Colman and Garrick, _The Clandestine Marriage_ (1766).

=Heimdall= (_2 syl._), in Celtic mythology, was the son of nine virgin sisters. He dwelt in the celestial Fort Himinsbiorg, under the extremity of the rainbow. His ear was so acute that he could hear “the wool grow on the sheep’s back, and the grass in the meadows.” Heimdall was the watch or sentinel of Asgard (_Olympus_), and even in his sleep was able to see everything that happened (See FINE-EAR).

_Heimdall’s Horn._ At the end of the world, Heimdall will wake the gods with his horn, when they will be attacked by Muspell, Loki, the wolf Fenris, and the serpent Jormunsgandar.

And much he talked of... And Heimdal’s horn and the day of doom. Longfellow, _The Wayside Inn_ (interlude, 1631).

=Heinrich= (_Poor_), or “Poor Henry,” the hero and title of a poem by Hartmann von der Aue [_Our_]. Heinrich was a rich nobleman, struck with leprosy, and was told he would never recover till some virgin of spotless purity volunteered to die on his behalf. As Heinrich neither hoped nor even wished for such a sacrifice, he gave the main part of his possessions to the poor, and went to live with a poor tenant farmer, who was one of his vassals. The daughter of this farmer heard by accident on what the cure of the leper depended, and went to Salerno to offer herself as the victim. No sooner was the offer made than the lord was cured, and the damsel became his wife (twelfth century).

⁂ This tale forms the subject of Longfellow’s _Golden Legend_ (1851).

=Heir-at-Law.= Baron Dubeley being dead, his “heir-at-law” was Henry Morland, supposed to be drowned at sea, and the next heir was Daniel Dowlas, a chandler of Gosport. Scarcely had Daniel been raised to his new dignity, when Henry Morland, who had been cast on Cape Breton, made his appearance, and the whole aspect of affairs was changed. That Dowlas might still live in comfort, suitable to his limited ambition, the heir of the barony settled on him a small life annuity.—G. Colman, _Heir-at-law_, (1797).

=Hel´a=, queen of the dead. She is daughter of Loki and Angurbo´da (a giantess). Her abode, called Helheim, was a vast castle in Niflheim, in the midst of eternal snow and darkness.

Down the yawning steep he rode, That leads to Hela’s drear abode. Gray, _Descent of Odin_ (1757).

=Helen=, wife of Menelāos of Sparta. She eloped with Paris, a Trojan prince, while he was the guest of the Spartan king. Menelaos, to avenge this wrong, induced the allied armies of Greece to invest Troy; and after a siege of ten years, the city was taken and burnt to the ground.

⁂ A parallel incident occurred in Ireland. Dervorghal, wife of Tiernan O’Ruark, an Irish chief who held the county of Leitrim, eloped with Dermod M’Murchad, prince of Leinster. Tiernan induced O’Connor, king of Connaught, to avenge this wrong. So O’Connor drove Dermod from his throne. Dermod applied to Henry II. of England, and this was the incident which brought about the conquest of Ireland (1172).—Leland, _History of Ireland_ (1773).

_Helen_, the heroine of Miss Edgeworth’s novel of the same name. This was her last and most popular tale (1834).

_Helen_, cousin of Modus, the bookworm. She loved her cousin, and taught him there was a better “art of love” than that written by Ovid.—S. Knowles, _The Hunchback_ (1831).

_Helen Lorrington._ Accomplished young widow, Anne Douglas’s intimate friend. She is the semi-betrothed of _Ward Heathcote_, who nevertheless considers himself free to woo Anne. After many complications, Heathcote, believing Anne already married becomes Helen’s husband. The latter is murdered a year or two later under circumstances that cast suspicion upon Heathcote. Through Anne’s efforts and testimony he is acquitted, and finally marries her.—Constance Fennimore Woolson, _Anne_ (1882).

_Helen_ (_Lady_), in love with Sir Edward Mortimer. Her uncle insulted Sir Edward in a county assembly, struck him down, and trampled on him. Sir Edward, returning home, encountered the drunken ruffian and murdered him. He was tried for the crime, and acquitted “without a stain upon his character;” but the knowledge of the deed preyed upon his mind so that he could not marry the niece of the murdered man. After leading a life of utter wretchedness, Sir Edward told Helen that he was the murderer of her uncle, and died.—G. Colman, _The Iron Chest_ (1796).

_Helen_ [MOWBRAY], in love with Walsingham. “Of all grace the pattern—person, feature, mind, heart, everything as nature had essayed to frame a work where none could find a flaw.” Allured by Lord Athunree to a house of ill-fame, under pretence of doing a work of charity, she was seen by Walsingham as she came out, and he abandoned her as a wanton. She then assumed male attire, with the name of Eustace. Walsingham became her friend, was told that Eustace was Helen’s brother, and finally discovered that Eustace was Helen herself. The mystery being cleared up, they became man and wife.—S. Knowles, _Woman’s Wit, etc._ (1838).

=Helen’s Fire= (_feu d’Hélène_), a comazant called “St. Helme’s” or “St. Elmo’s fire” by the Spaniards; the “fires of St. Peter and St. Nicholas” by the Italians; and “Castor and Pollux” by the ancient Romans. This electric light will sometimes play about the masts of ships. If only one appears, foul weather may be looked for; but if two or more flames appear, the worst of the storm is over.

_Helen_ (_Rolleston_), heroine of Charles Reade’s novel, _Foul Play_. She is betrothed to Wardlaw, chief villain of the story, and sets out on a sea-voyage to restore her health; is shipwrecked and cast on an island with Herbert Penfold. After their return to England, she rights the wronged Penfold, and punishes Wardlaw.

_Helen_, wife of _John Ward, Preacher_. Her husband is a Calvinist of a pronounced type; she a believer in Universal Salvation. The spiritual agonies to which they are subjected by the difference in creeds, separate them for a while and are the moving cause of John Ward’s death. He passes away, convinced that “his death is to be the climax of GOD’S plans for her.”—Margaret Deland, _John Ward, Preacher_ (1888).

=Hel´ena= (_St._), daughter of Coel, duke Colchester, and afterwards king of Britain. She married Constantius (a Roman senator, who succeeded “Old King Cole”), and became the mother of Constantine the Great. Constantius died at York (a.d. 306). Helena is said to have discovered at Jerusalem the sepulchre and cross of Jesus Christ.—Geoffrey, _British History_ v. 6 (1142).

⁂ This legend is told of the Colchester arms, which consist of a cross and three crowns (two atop and one at the foot of the cross).

At a considerable depth beneath the surface of the earth were found three crosses which were instantly recognized as those on which Christ and the two thieves had suffered death. To ascertain which was the _true cross_, a female corpse was placed on all three alternately; the two first tried produced no effect, but the third instantly reanimated the body.—J. Brady, _Clavis Calendaria_, 181.

Herself in person went to seek that holy cross Whereon our Saviour died, which found, as it was sought; From Salem unto Rome triumphantly she brought. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612).

_Helena_, only daughter of Gerard de Narbon, the physician. She was left under the charge of the countess of Rousillon, whose son Bertram she fell in love with. The king sent for Bertram to the palace, and Helena, hearing the king was ill, obtained permission of the countess to give him a prescription left by her late father. The medicine cured the king, and the king, in gratitude, promised to make her the wife of any one of his courtiers that she chose. Helena selected Bertram, and they were married; but the haughty count, hating the alliance, left France, to join the army of the duke of Florence. Helena, in the mean time, started on a pilgrimage to the shrine of St. Jacques le Grand, carrying with her a letter from her husband, stating that he would never see her more “till she could get the ring from off his finger.” On her way to the shrine, she lodged at Florence with a widow, the mother of Diana, with whom Bertram was wantonly in love. Helena was permitted to pass herself off as Diana, and received his visits, in one of which they exchanged rings. Both soon after this returned to the Countess de Rousillon, where the king was, and the king, seeing on Bertram’s finger the ring which he gave to Helena, had him arrested on suspicion of murder. Helena now explained the matter, and all was well, for all ended well.—Shakespeare, _All’s Well that ends Well_ (1598).

Helena is a young woman, seeking a man in marriage. The ordinary laws of courtship are reversed, the habitual feelings are violated; yet with such exquisite address this dangerous subject is handled that Helena’s forwardness loses her no honor. Delicacy dispenses with her laws in her favor.—C. Lamb.

_Helena_, a young Athenian lady, in love with Demētrius. She was the playmate of Her´mia, with whom she grew up, as “two cherries on one stalk.” Egēus (_3 syl._), the father of Hermia, promised his daughter in marriage to Demetrius; but when Demetrius saw that Hermia loved Lysander, he turned to Helena, who loved him dearly, and married her.—Shakespeare, _Midsummer Night’s Dream_ (1592).

=Hel´inore= (_Dame_), wife of Malbecco, who was jealous of her, and not without cause. When Sir Paridel, Sir Sat´yrane (_3 syl._), and Britomart (as the squire of Dames) took refuge in Malbecco’s house, Dame Helinore and Sir Paridel had many “false belgardes” at each other, and talked love with glances which needed no interpreter. Helinore, having set fire to the closet where Malbecco kept his treasures, eloped with Paridel, while the old miser stopped to put out the fire. Paridel soon tired of the dame, and cast her off, leaving her to roam whither she listed. She was taken up by the satyrs, who made her their dairy-woman, and crowned her queen of the May.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iii. 9, 10 (1590).

Viridi colore est gemma helitropion, non ita acuto sed nubilo magis et represso, stellis puniceis superspersa. Causa nominis de effectu lapidis est et potestate. Dejecta in labris æneis radios solis mutat sanguineo repercussu, utraque aqua splendorem aëris abjicit et avertit. Etiam illud posse dicitur, ut _herba_ ejusdem nominis mixta et præcantationibus legitimis consecrata eum, a quocunque gestabitur, subtrahat visibus obviorum.—Solinus, _Geog._, xl.

=Helisane de Crenne=, contemporary with Pâquier. She wrote her own biography, including the “history of her own death.”—_Angoisses Doloureuses_ (Lyons, 1546).

=Hel Keplein=, a mantle of invisibility, belonging to the dwarf-king Laurin. (See Invisibility.)—_The Heldenbuch_ (thirteenth century).

=Hell=, according to Mohammedan belief is divided into seven compartments: (1) for Mohammedans, (2) for Jews, (3) for Christians, (4) for Sabians, (5) for Magians, (6) for idolaters, (7) for hypocrites. All but idolaters and unbelievers will be in time released from torment.

_Hell_, Dantê says, is a vast funnel divided into eight circles, with ledges more or less rugged. Each circle, of course, is narrower that the one above, and the last goes down to the very centre of the earth. Before the circles begin, there is a neutral land and a limbo. In the neutral land wander those not bad enough for hell nor good enough for heaven; in the limbo, those who knew no sin but were not baptized Christians. Coming then to hell proper, circle 1, he says, is compassed by the river Achĕron, and in this division of inferno dwell the spirits of the heathen philosophers. Circle 2 is presided over by Minos, and here are the spirits of those guilty of carnal and sinful love. Circle 3 is guarded by Cerbĕrus, and this is the region set apart for gluttons. Circle 4, presided over by Plutus, is the realm of the avaricious. Circle 5 contains the Stygian Lake, and here flounder in deep mud those who in life put no restraint on their anger. Circle 6 (in the city of Dis) is for those who did violence to man by force or fraud. Circle 7 (in the city of Dis) is for suicides. Circle 8 (also in the city of Dis) is for blasphemers and heretics. After the eight circles comes the ten pits or chasms of Malebolgê (_4 syl._), the last of which is the centre of the earth, and here he says is the frozen river of Cocy´tus. (See INFERNO.)

=Hellespont.= Leander used to swim across the Hellespont to visit Hero, a priestess of Sestos. Lord Byron and Lieutenant Ekenhead repeated the feat and accomplished it in seventy minutes, the distance being four miles (allowing for drifting).

He could perhaps have passed the Hellespont, As once (a feat on which ourselves we prided) Leander, Mr. Ekenhead, and I did. Byron, _Don Juan_, ii. 105 (1819).

=Hellica´nus=, the able and honest minister of Per´iclês, to whom he left the charge of Tyre during his absence. Being offered the crown, Hellicānus nobly declined the offer, and remained faithful to the prince throughout.—Shakespeare, _Pericles, Prince of Tyre_ (1608).

=Helmet of Invisibility.= The helmet of Perseus (_2 syl._) rendered the wearer invisible. This was in reality the “Helmet of Ha´dès,” and after Perseus had slain Medu´sa he restored it, together with the winged sandals and magic wallet. The “gorgon’s head” he presented to Minerva, who placed it in the middle of her ægis. (See INVISIBILITY.)

⁂ Mambrīno’s helmet had the same magical power, though Don Quixote, even in his midsummer madness, never thought himself invisible when he donned the barber’s basin.

=Heloise.= _La Nouvelle Héloïse_, a romance by Jean Jacques Rousseau (1761).

=He´mera=, sister of Prince Memnon, mentioned by Dictys Cretensis. Milton, in his _Il Penseroso_, speaks of “Prince Memnon’s sister” (1638).

=Hem´junah=, princess of Cassimir´, daughter of the Sultan Zebene´zer; betrothed at the age of 13 to the prince of Georgia. As Hemjunah had never seen the prince, she ran away to avoid a forced marriage, and was changed by Ulin, the enchanter, into a toad. In this form she became acquainted with Misnar, sultan of India, who had likewise been transformed into a toad by Ulin. Misnar was disenchanted by a dervise, and slew Ulin; whereupon the princess recovered her proper shape, and returned home. A rebellion broke out in Cassimir, but the “angel of death” destroyed the rebel army, and Zebenezer was restored to his throne. His surprise was unbounded when he found that the prince of Georgia and the sultan of India were one and the same person; and Hemjunah said, “Be assured, O Sultan, that I shall not refuse the hand of the prince of Georgia, even if my father commands my obedience.”—Sir C. Morell [J. Ridly] _Tales of the Genii_ (“Princess of Cassimir,” vii., 1751).

=Hemlock.= Socratês _the Wise_ and Phocion _the Good_ were both by the Athenians condemned to death by hemlock juice, Socratês at the age of 70 (B.C. 399) and Phocion at the age of 85 (B.C. 317).

=Hemps´kirke= (_2 syl._), a captain serving under Wolfort, the usurper of the earldom of Flanders.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Beggar’s Bush_ (1622).

=Henderson= (_Rodney syl._), representative American who makes money by unscrupulous operations in stocks.—Charles Dudley Warner, _A Little Journey in the World_ (1889).

_Henderson (Elias) syl._, chaplain at Lochleven Castle.—Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Henneberg= (_Count syl._). One day a beggar-woman asked Count Henneberg’s wife for alms. The countess twitted her for carrying twins, whereupon the woman cursed her, with the assurance that “her ladyship should be the mother of 365 children.” The legend says that the countess bore them at one birth, but none of them lived any length of time. All the girls were named _Elizabeth_, and all the boys _John_. They are buried, we are told, at the Hague.

=Henrietta Maria=, widow of King Charles I., introduced in Sir W. Scott’s _Peveril of the Peak_ (1823).

=Henrietta Street=, Cavendish Square, London, is so called in compliment to Henrietta Cavendish, daughter of John Holles, duke of Newcastle, and wife of Edward, second earl of Oxford and Mortimer. From these come “Edward Street,” “Henrietta Street,” “Cavendish Square,” and “Holles Street.”

=Henriette= (_3 syl._), daughter of Chrysale (_2 syl._) and Philaminte (_3 syl._). She is in love with Clitandre, and ultimately becomes his wife. Philaminte, who is a blue-stocking, wants Henriette to marry Trissotin, a _bel esprit_; and Armande the sister, also a _bas bleu_, thinks that Henriette ought to devote her life to science and philosophy; but Henriette loves woman’s work far better, and thinks that her natural province is domestic life, with wifely and motherly duties. Her father Chrysale takes the same views of woman’s life as his daughter Henriette, but he is quite under the thumb of his strong-minded wife. However love at last prevails, and Henriette is given in marriage to the man of her choice. The French call Henriette “the type of a perfect woman,” _i.e._, a thorough woman.—Molière, _Les Femmes Savantes_ (1672).

=Henrique= (_Don_), an uxorious lord, cruel to his younger brother Don Jamie. Don Henrique is the father of Asca´nio, and the supposed husband of Violan´te (_4 syl._).—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Spanish Curate_ (1622).

=Henri=, boy, four years old, who, finding his friend “the doctor” bound naked to a trestle to which he was strapped by pirates, follows his directions and gnaws asunder the strips of raw hide tying the victim down, and frees him.—Henry Augustus Wise, U.S.N., _Captain Brand of the Schooner Centipede_ (1864).

=Henry=, a soldier engaged to Louisa. Some rumors of gallantry to Henry’s disadvantage having reached the village, he is told that Louisa is about to be married to another. In his despair he gives himself up as a deserter, and is condemned to death. Louisa now goes to the king, explains to him the whole matter, obtains her sweetheart’s pardon, and reaches the jail just as the muffled drum begins to beat the death march.—Dibdin, _The Deserter_ (1770).

_Henry_, son of Sir Philip Blandford’s brother. Both the brothers loved the same lady, but the younger marrying her, Sir Philip, in his rage, stabbed him, as it was thought, mortally. In due time, the young “widow” had a son (Henry) a very high-minded, chivalrous young man, greatly beloved by every one. After twenty years, his father re-appeared under the name of Morrington, and Henry married his cousin Emma Blandford.—Thom. Morton, _Speed the Plough_ (1798).

_Henry_ (_Poor_), prince of Hoheneck, in Bavaria. Being struck with leprosy, he quitted his lordly castle, gave largely to the poor, and retired to live with a small cottage farmer named Gottlieb [_Got.leeb_], one of his vassals. He was told that he would never be cured till a virgin, chaste and spotless, offered to die on his behalf. Elsie, the farmer’s daughter, offered herself, and after great resistance, the prince accompanied her to Salerno to complete the sacrifice. When he arrived at the city, either the exercise, the excitement, or the charm of some relic, no matter what, had effected an entire cure, and when he took Elsie into the cathedral, the only sacrifice she had to make was that of her maiden name for Lady Alicia, wife of Prince Henry of Hoheneck.—Hartmann von der Aue (minnesinger), _Poor Henry_ (twelfth century).

⁂ This tale is the subject of Longfellow’s _Golden Legend_ (1851).

_Henry_ (_Patrick_), Virginian orator, who, in the House of Burgesses, first raised the cry of “Liberty or Death” in the struggle of the American Colonies for Independence.

Patrick Henry’s first legal triumph was in November, 1763, in the since famous _Parson’s Cause_.

“In the language of those who heard him on this occasion, ‘he made their blood run cold, and their hair to rise on end ...’”

“The jury seem to have been so completely bewildered, that, thoughtless even of the admitted right of the plaintiff, they had scarcely left the bar when they returned with a verdict of _one penny_ damages.”—William Wirt, _Life of Patrick Henry_ (1818).

_Henry_ (_Prince_), Bernardine du Born, arraigned for treason, replies to King Henry’s questions,

“Hath reason quite forsook thy breast?”

with

“My reason failed, my gracious liege, The year Prince Henry died.”

The king, smitten by memories of his son, whose chosen intimate Bernardine was, forgives the offender:—

“For the dear sake of the dead Go forth—unscathed and free.” Lydia Huntley Sigourney, _Poems_ (1836).

=Henry II.=, king of England, introduced by Sir W. Scott, both in _The Betrothed_ and in _The Talisman_ (1825).

=Henry V.=, Shakespeare’s drama, founded on _The Famous Victories of Henry V.: containing the Honorable Battle of Agincourt. As it is plaide by the Queenes Magesties players_, 1598. Shakespeare’s play appeared in print in 1600 (quarto).

=Henry VI.=, Shakespeare’s dramas of this reign are founded on _The First Part of the Contention betwixt the two Famous Houses of Yorke and Lancaster, with the Death of the Good Duke Humphrey, etc. As it was sundry times acted by the Right Honorable the Earle of Pembroke his Servants_, 1600.

Another. _The True Tragedie of Richard Duke of Yorke, and the Death of Good Henri VI., etc. As it was sundry times acted ..._ (as above).

=Henry VIII. and Anne Boleyn.= Anne Boleyn was the second wife of Henry VIII. He divorced Katharine of Aragon in order to marry Anne; wearied of her in turn, and had her beheaded in 1536.

=He´par=, the Liver personified, the arch-city in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas Fletcher. Fully described in canto iii. (1633).

=Hephæs´tos=, the Greek name for Vulcan. The Vulcanic period of geology is that unknown period before the creation of man, when the molten granite and buried metals were upheaved by internal heat, through the overlying strata, sometimes even to the very surface of the earth.

The early dawn and dusk of Time. The reign of dateless old Hephæstus. Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_ (1851).

=Hepzibah= (_Pyncheon_), gentlewoman, reduced to the necessity of keeping a small shop in the ancient homestead. She idolizes her brother _Clifford_, a melancholy, refined man, who, terrified by an empty threat of his cousin, Judge Pyncheon, flees the house. Hepzibah goes with him. Recovering from their panic, they return in time to avoid the suspicion of having caused the Judge’s sudden death, which makes them rich.—Nathaniel Hawthorne, _House of the Seven Gables_ (1851).

=Herbert= (_Sir William_), friend of Sir Hugo de Lacy.—Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).

=Her´culês= shot Nessus for offering insult to his wife Dei´-j-a-nī-ra, and the dying centaur told Deijanira that if she dipped in his blood her husband’s shirt, she would secure his love forever. Herculês, being about to offer sacrifice, sent Lichas for the shirt; but no sooner was it warmed by the heat of his body than it caused such excruciating agony that the hero went mad, and seizing Lichas, he flung him into the sea.

_Herculés Mad_ is the subject of a Greek tragedy by Eurip´idês, and of a Latin one by Sen´eca.

As when Alcīdês ... felt the envenomed robe, and tore, Thro’ pain, up by the roots Thessalian pines, And Lichas from the top of Œta [_a mount_] threw Into the Euboic Sea [_The Archipelago_]. Milton, _Paradise Lost_, ii. 542, etc. [1665].

⁂ Diodōrus says there were three Herculêses; Cicero recognizes six (three of which were Greeks, one Egyptian, one Cretan, and one Indian); Varro says there were forty-three.

_Herculés’s Choice_. When Herculês was a young man, he was accosted by two women, Pleasure and Virtue, and asked to choose which he would follow. Pleasure promised him all carnal delights, but Virtue promised him immortality. Herculês gave his hand to the latter, and hence led a life of great toil, but was ultimately received amongst the immortals.—Xenophon.

⁂ Mrs. Barbauld has borrowed this allegory, but instead of Herculês has substituted Melissa, “a young girl,” who is accosted by Dissipation and Housewifery. While she is somewhat in doubt which to follow, Dissipation’s mask falls off, and immediately Melissa beholds such a “wan and ghastly countenance,” that she turns away in horror, and gives her hand to the more sober of the two ladies.—_Evenings at Home_, xix. (1795).

_Herculês’s Horse_, Arion, given him by Adrastos. It had the gift of human speech, and its feet on the right side were those of a man.

_Herculês’s Pillars_, Calpê and Ab´yla, one at Gibraltar and the other at Ceuta (_3 syl._). They were torn asunder by Alcīdês on his route to Gadês (_Cadiz_).

_Herculês’s Ports_: (1) “Herculis Corsani Portus” (now called _Porto-Ercolo_, in Etruria); (2) “Herculis Liburni Portus” (now called _Livorno_, _i.e._ Leghorn); (3) “Herculis Monœci-Portus” (now called _Monaco_, near Nice).

_Herculês (The Attic)_, Theseus (_2 syl._), who went about, like Herculês, destroying robbers, and performing most wonderful exploits.

_Herculês (The Cretan)._ All the three Idæan Dactyls were so called: viz., Kelmis (“the smelter”), Damnamĕneus (“the hammer”), and Acmon (“the anvil”).

_Herculês (The Egyptian)_, Sesostris (fl. B.C. 1500). Another was Som or Chon, called by Pausanias, Macĕris, son of Amon.

_Herculês (The English)_, Guy, earl of Warwick (890-958).

Warwick ... thou English Herculês. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xiii. (1613).

_Herculês (The Farnesê)_, a statue, the work of Glykon, copied from one by Lysip´pos, called Farnesê, because formerly in the Farnesê palace in Rome with the Farnesê Bull, the Flora, and the Gladiator. All but the Gladiator are now in the Naples Museum. The Gladiator is in the British Museum. The “Farnesê Herculês” represents the hero exhausted by toil, leaning on his club; and in his left hand, which rests on his back, he holds one of the apples of the Hesperĭdês.

⁂ A copy of this famous statue stands in the Tuileries gardens of Paris. An excellent description of the statue is given by Thomson, in his _Liberty_, iv.

_Herculês_ (_The Indian_), Dorsănês, who married Pandæa, and became the progenitor of the Indian kings. Belus is sometimes called “The Indian Herculês.”

_Herculês_ (_The Jewish_), Samson (died B.C. 113).

_Herculês_ (_The Russian_), Rustum.

_Herculês_ (_The Swedish_), Starchatĕrus (first Christian century).

=Hercules of Music=, Christoph von Glück (1714-1787).

=Herculês Secundus.= Commŏdus, the Roman emperor, gave himself this title. He was a gigantic idiot, who killed 100 lions, and overthrew 1000 gladiators in the amphitheatre (161, 180-195).

=Heren-Suge= (_The_), a seven-headed hydra of Basque mythology, like the Deccan cobras.

=Heretics= (_Hammer of_), Pierre d’Ailly (1350-1425).

John Faber is also called “The Hammer of Heretics,” from the title of one of his works (*-1541).

_Heretics_ (_Scientific_).

_Feargal_, bishop of Saltzburg, an Irishman, was denounced as a heretic for asserting the existence of antipodês (*-784).

_Galileo_, the astronomer, was cast into prison for maintaining the “heretical opinion” that the earth moved round the sun (1564-1642).

_Giordano Bruno_ was burnt alive for maintaining that matter is the mother of all things (1550-1600).

=Her´eward= (_3 syl._), one of the Varangian guard of Alexius Comnēnus, emperor of Greece.—Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).

=Hereward the Wake= (or _Vigilant_), lord of Born, in Lincolnshire. He plundered and burnt the abbey of Peterborough (1070); established his camp in the Isle of Ely, where he was joined by Earl Morcar (1071); he was blockaded for three months by William I., but made his escape with some of his followers. This is the name and subject of one of Kingsley’s novels.

=Her´iot= (_Master George_), goldsmith to James I.; guardian of Lady Hermionê.—Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).

=Herman=, a deaf and dumb boy, jailer of the dungeon of the Giant’s Mount. Meeting Ulrica, he tries to seize her, when a flash of lightning strikes the bridge on which he stands, and Herman is thrown into the torrent.—E. Stirling, _The Prisoner of State_ (1847).

_Herman (Sir)_, of Goodalicke, one of the perceptors of the Knights Templars.—Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).

=Hermann=, the hero of Goethe’s poem _Hermann and Dorothea_. Goethe tells us that the object of this poem is to “show as in a mirror, the great movements and changes of the world’s stage.”

=Hermaph´rodite= (_4 syl._), son of Venus and Mercury. At the age of 15, he bathed in a fountain of Caria, when Sal´macis, the fountain nymph, fell in love with him, and prayed the gods to make the two one body. Her prayers being heard, the two became united into one, but still preserved the double sex.

Not that bright spring where fair Hermaphrodite Grew into one with wanton Salmacis ... ... may dare compare with this. Phin. Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, v. (1633).

=Hermegild or Hermyngyld=, wife of the lord-constable of Northumberland. She was converted by Constance, but was murdered by a knight whose suit had been rejected by the young guest, in order to bring her into trouble. The villainy being discovered, the knight was executed, and Constance married the king, whose name was Alla. Hermegild, at the bidding of Constance, restored sight to a blind Briton.—Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ (“Man of Law’s Tale,” 1388).

(The word is spelt “Custaunce” 7 times, “Constance” 15 times, and “Constaunce” 17 times, in the tale.)

_Hermegild_, a friend of Oswald, in love with Gartha (Oswald’s sister). He was a man in the middle age of life, of counsel sage, and great prudence. When Hubert (the brother of Oswald) and Gartha wished to stir up a civil war to avenge the death of Oswald, who had been slain in single combat with Prince Gondibert, Hermegild wisely deterred them from the rash attempt, and diverted the anger of the camp by funeral obsequies of a most imposing character. The tale of Gondibert being unfinished, the sequel is not known.—Sir W. Davenant, _Gondibert_ (died 1668).

=Her´mês= (_2 syl._), son of Maia; patron of commerce. Akenside makes Hermês say to the Thames, referring to the merchant ships of England:

By you [_ships_] my function and my honored name Do I possess; while o’er the Bætic vale, Or thro’ the towers of Memphis, or the palms By sacred Ganges watered, I conduct The English merchant. Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_ (1767).

(The Bætis is the Guadalquiver, and the Bætic vale Granāda and Andalucia).

_Her´mês_ (_2 syl._), the same as Mercury, and applied both to the god and to the metal. Milton calls quicksilver “volatil Hermês.”

So when we see the liquid metal fall, Which chemists by the name of Hermes call. Hoole’s _Ariosto_, viii.

_Hermês (St.)_, same as St. Elmo, Suerpo Santo, Castor and Pollux, etc. A comazant or electric light, seen occasionally on ship’s masts.

“They shall see the fire which saylors call St. Hermes, fly uppon their shippe, and alight upon the toppe of the mast.”—De Loier, _Treatise of Spectres,_ 67 (1605).

=Hermês Trismegis´tus= (_Hermês “thrice-greatest”_), the Egyptian Thoth, to whom is ascribed a host of inventions: as the art of writing in hieroglyphics, the first Egyptian code of laws, the art of harmony, the science of astrology, the invention of the late and lyre, magic, etc. (twentieth century B.C.).

The school of Hermês Trismegistus, Who uttered his oracles sublime Before the Olympiads. Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_ (1851).

=Her´mesind= (_3 syl._), daughter of Pelayo and Gaudio´sê. She was plighted to Alphonso, son of Lord Pedro of Cantabria. Both Alphonso and Hermesind at death were buried in the cave of St. Antony, in Covadonga.

=Her´mia=, daughter of Ege´us (_3 syl._) of Athens, and promised by him in marriage to Demētrius. As Hermia loved Lysander, and refused to marry Demetrius, her father summoned her before the duke, and requested that the “law of the land” might be carried out, which was death or perpetual virginity. The duke gave Hermia four days to consider the subject, at the expiration of which time she was either to obey her father or lose her life. She now fled from Athens with Lysander. Demetrius went in pursuit of her, and Helĕna, who doted on Demetrius, followed. All four came to a wood, and falling asleep from weariness, had a dream about the fairies. When Demetrius woke up, he came to his senses, and seeing that Hermia loved another, consented to marry Helena; and Egēus gladly gave the hand of his daughter to Lysander.—Shakespeare, _Midsummer Night’s Dream_ (1592).

=Herm´ion=, the young wife of Damon “the Pythagore´an” and senator of Syracuse.—J. Banium, _Damon and Pythias_ (1825).

_Hermionê_ (_4 syl._) or Harmo´nia, wife of Cadmus. Leaving Thebes, Cadmus and his wife went to Illyr´ia, and were both changed into serpents for having killed a serpent sacred to Mars.—Ovid, _Metamorphoses_, iv. 590, etc.

Never since of serpent-kind Lovelier, not those that in Illyria changed— Hermionê and Cadmus. Milton, _Paradise Lost_, ix. 505, etc. (1665).

_Hermionê_, (_4 syl._), wife of Leontês, king of Sicily. The king, being jealous, sent her to prison, where she gave birth to a daughter, who, at the king’s command, was to be placed on a desert shore and left to perish. The child was driven by a storm to the “coast” of Bohemia, and brought up by a shepherd who called her Per´dĭta. Florĭzel, the son of Polixenês, king of Bohemia, fell in love with her, and they fled to Sicily to escape the vengeance of the angry king. Being introduced to Leontês, it was soon discovered that Perdita was his lost daughter, and Polixenês gladly consented to the union he had before objected to. Pauli´na (a lady about the court) now asked the royal party to her house to inspect a statue of Hermionê, which turned out to be the living queen herself.—Shakespeare, _The Winter’s Tale_ (1594).

_Hermionê_, (_4 syl._), only daughter of Helen and Menelā´os (_4 syl._) king of Sparta. She was betrothed to Orestês, but after the fall of Troy was promised by her father in marriage to Pyrrhus, king of Epirus. Orestes madly loved her, but Hermione as madly loved Pyrrhus. When Pyrrhus fixed his affections on Androm´achê (widow of Hector, and his captive), the pride and jealousy of Hermione were roused. At this crisis, an embassy led by Orestês arrived at the court of Pyrrhus, to demand the death of Asty´anax, the son of Andromachê and Hector, lest when he grew to manhood he might seek to avenge his father’s death. Pyrrhus declined to give up the boy, and married Andromachê. The passion of Hermionê was now goaded to madness; and when she heard that the Greek ambassadors had fallen on Pyrrhus and murdered him, she stabbed herself and died.—Ambrose Philips, _The Distressed Mother_ (1712).

This was a famous part with Mrs. Porter (*-1762), and with Miss Young, better known as Mrs. Pope (1740-1797).

_Hermionê_ (_4 syl._), daughter of Dannischemend, the Persian sorcerer, mentioned in Donnerhugel’s narrative.—Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

_Hermionê_ (_The Lady_), or Lady Ermin´ia Pauletti, privately married to Lord Dalgarno.—Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).

=Hermit=, the pseudonym of the poet Hayley, the friend of Cowper.

_Hermit_ (_The English_), Roger Crab, who subsisted on three farthings a week, his food being bran, herbs, roots, dock leaves, and mallows (*-1680).

_Hermit_ (_Peter the_), the instigator of the first crusade (1050-1115).

=Hermit and the Youth= (_The_). A hermit, desirous to study the ways of Providence, met with a youth, who became his companion. The first night, they were most hospitably entertained by a nobleman, but at parting the young man stole his entertainer’s golden goblet. Next day, they obtained with difficulty of a miser shelter from a severe storm, and at parting the youth gave him the golden goblet. Next night, they were modestly but freely welcomed by one of the middle class, and at parting the youth “crept to the cradle where an infant slept, and wrung its neck.” It was the only child of their kind host. Leaving the hospitable roof, they lost their way, and were set right by a guide, whom the youth pushed into a river, and he was drowned. The hermit began to curse the youth, when lo! he turned into an angel, who thus explained his acts:

“I stole the goblet from the rich lord to teach him not to trust in uncertain riches. I gave the goblet to the miser to teach him that kindness always meets its reward. I strangled the infant because the man loved it better than he loved God. I pushed the guide into the river because he intended at night-fall to commit a robbery.” The hermit bent his head and cried, “The ways of the Lord are past finding out! but He doeth all things well. Teach me to say with faith, ‘Thy will be done?’”—Parnell. (1679-1717).

In the _Talmud_ is a similar and better allegory. Rabbi Jachanan accompanied Elijah on a journey, and they came to the house of a poor man, whose only treasure was a cow. The man and his wife ran to meet and welcome the strangers, but next morning the poor man’s cow died. Next night they were coldly received by a proud, rich man, who fed them only with bread and water; and next morning Elijah sent for a mason to repair a wall which was falling down, in return for the hospitality received. Next night they entered a synagogue, and asked, “Who will give a night’s lodging to two travellers!” but none offered to do so. At parting, Elijah said, “I hope you will all be made presidents.” The following night they were lodged by the members of another synagogue in the best hotel of the place, and at parting Elijah said, “May the Lord appoint over you but one president.” The rabbi, unable to keep silence any longer, begged Elijah to explain the meaning of his dealings with men; and Elijah replied:

“In regard to the poor man who received us so hospitably, it was decreed that his wife was to die that night, but, in reward of his kindness, God took the cow instead of the wife. I repaired the wall of the rich miser because a chest of gold was concealed near the place, and if the miser had repaired the wall he would have discovered the treasure. I said to the inhospitable synagogue, ‘May each member be president,’ because no one can serve two masters. I said to the hospitable synagogue, ‘May you have but one president,’ because with one head there can be no divisions of counsel. Say not, therefore, to the Lord, ‘What doest Thou?’ but say in thy heart, ‘Must not the Lord of all the earth do right’”—_The Talmud_ (“Trust in God”).

=Hermite= (_Tristan l’_) or “Tristan of the Hospital,” provost-marshal of France. He was the main instrument in carrying out the nefarious schemes of Louis XI, who used to call him his “gossip.” Tristan was a stout, middle-sized man, with a hang-dog visage and most repulsive smile.—Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ and _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Hero=, daughter of Leonāto, governor of Messi´na. She was of a quiet, serious disposition, and formed a good contrast to the gay, witty rattle-pate, called Beatrice, her cousin. Hero was about to be married to Lord Claudio, when Don John played on her a most infamous practical joke, out of malice. He bribed Hero’s waiting-woman to dress in Hero’s clothes, and to talk with him by moonlight from the chamber balcony; he then induced Claudio to hide himself in the garden, to overhear what was said. Claudio, thinking the person to be Hero, was furious, and next day at the altar rejected the bride with scorn. The priest, convinced of Hero’s innocence, gave out that she was dead, the servant confessed the trick, Don John took to flight, and Hero married Claudio, her betrothed.—Shakespeare, _Much Ado about Nothing_ (1600).

_Hero_, [SUTTON], niece of Sir William Sutton, and beloved by Sir Valentine de Grey. Hero “was fair as no eye ever fairer saw, of noble stature, head of antique mould, magnificent as far as may consist with softness, features full of thought and moods, wishes and fancies, and limbs the paragon of symmetry.” Having offended her lover by waltzing with Lord Athunree, she assumed the garb of a quakeress, called herself “Ruth,” and got introduced to Sir Valentine, who proposed marriage to her, and then discovered that Hero was Ruth and Ruth was Hero.—S. Knowles, _Woman’s Wit, etc._ (1838).

=Hero and Leander= (_3 syl._). Hero, a priestess of Venus, fell in love with Leander, who swam across the Hellespont every night to visit her. One night he was drowned in so doing, and Hero in grief threw herself into the same sea.—Musæus, _Leander and Hero_.

=Hero of Fable= (_The_), the duc de Guise. Called by the French _L’Hero de la Fable_ (1614-1664).

=Hero of History= (_The_), the duc d’Enghien, Prince of Condé. Called by the French _L’Hero de l’Histoire_. This was Le grand Condé (1621-1687).

=Hero of Modern Italy=, Garibaldi (1807-1882).

=Herodias.= Divorced wife of Herodius Philippus, afterward married to Herod Antipas, Mother of Salome and murderer of John the Baptist.

=Her´on= (_Sir George_), of Chip-chace, an officer with Sir John Foster.—Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Heros´tratos= or EROSTRATOS, the Ephesian who set fire to the temple of Ephesus (one of the seven wonders of the world) merely to immortalize his name. The Ephesians made it penal even to mention his name.

Herostratus shall prove vice governes fame. Who built that church he burnt hath lost his name. Lord Brooke, _Inquisition upon Fame_ (1554-1628).

=Herrick.= Overseer on a Virginia plantation, whose only daughter is burned to death trying to save a favorite horse of the man she loves hopelessly.—Amelia C. Rives-Chanler, _Virginia of Virginia_, (1888).

=Herries= (_Lord_), a friend of Queen Mary of Scotland, and attending on her at Dundrennan.—Sir W. Scott, _The Abbott_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Herschel= (_Sir F. Wm._) discovered the eighth planet, at first called the _Georgium sidus,_ in honor of George III., and now called _Saturn_. In allusion to this, Campbell says he

Gave the lyre of heaven another string. _Pleasures of Hope_, i. (1799.)

=Hertford= (_The marquis of_), in the court of Charles II.—Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).

=Her Trippa=, meant for Henry Cornelius Agrippa, of Nettesheim, philosopher and physician. “Her” is a contraction of _He´ricus_, and “Trippa” a play on the words _Agrippa_ and _tripe_.—Rabelais, _Pantag´ruel_, iii. 25 (1545).

=Herwig=, king of Hel´igoland, betrothed to Gudrun, daughter of King Hettel (_Attila_). She was carried off by Hartmuth, king of Norway, and as she refused to marry him, was put to the most menial work. Herwig conveyed an army into Norway, utterly defeated Hartmuth, liberated Gudrun, and married her.—_Gudrun_, a German epic of the thirteenth century.

=Her´zog= (_Duke_), commander-in-chief of the ancient Teutons (_Germans_). The herzog was elected by the freemen of the tribe, but in times of war and danger, when several tribes united, the princes selected a leader, who was called also “herzog,” similiar to the Gaulish “brennus” or “bren,” and the Celtic “pendragon” or head chief.

=Heskett= (_Ralph_), landlord of the village ale-house where Robin Oig and Harry Wakefield fought.

_Dame Heskett_, Ralph’s wife.—Sir. W. Scott, _The Two Drovers_ (time, George III.).

=Hesper´ides= (_4 syl._) _The Hesper´ian Field._ The Hesperidês were the women who guarded the golden apples which Earth gave to Herê at her marriage with Zeus (_Jove_). They were assisted by the dragon Ladon. The _Hesperian Fields_ are the orchards in which the golden apples grew. The Island is one of the Cape Verd Isles, in the Atlantic.

=Hesperus=, the knight called by Tennyson “Evening Star;” but called in the _History of Prince Arthur_, “the Green Knight” _or_ Sir Pertolope (_3 syl._). One of the four brothers who kept the passages of Castle Perilous.—Tennyson, _Idylls_ (“Gareth and Lynette”); Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 127 (1470).

⁂ It is a manifest blunder to call the _Green_ Knight “Hesperus the Evening Star,” and the _Blue_ Knight the “Morning Star.” The old romance makes the combat with the “Green Knight” at _dawn_, and with the “Blue Knight” at _sunset_. The error has arisen from not bearing in mind that our forefathers began the day with the preceding eve, and ended it at sunset.

=Hetherford= (_Reuben_), stupid suitor of Molly Wilder. He will not relinquish her, although assured that she is to marry another man, and when the news comes that her husband has been drowned, renews his suit, only to be again rejected.—Jane Goodwin Austin, _A Nameless Nobleman_ (1881).

=Hettly= (_May_), an old servant of Davie Deans.—Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).

=Heyward= (_Duncan_). A major in the English army in America, sent to escort the Munro sisters to their father, and sharer in the perils incurred by them in their journey by stream and forest. He is beloved by both sisters and marries Alice.—James Fennimore Cooper, _Last of the Mohicans_.

=Heukbane= (_Mrs._), the butcher’s wife at Fairport, and a friend of Mrs. Mailsetter.—Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, George III.).

=Hew=, son of Lady Helen of “Merryland town” (_Milan_), enticed by an apple presented to him by a Jewish maiden, who then “stabbed him with a penknife, rolled the body in lead, and cast it into a well.” Lady Helen went in search of her child, and its ghost cried out from the bottom of the well:

The lead is wondrous heavy, mither; The well is wondrous deep: A keen penknife sticks in my heart; A word I dounae speik. Percy, _Reliques_, i. 3.

=Hewit= (_Godfrey Bertram_), natural son of Mr. Godfrey Betram.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Hezekiah Grumbles=, intended by nature for a farmer; intended by parents for a clergyman; makes a soldier of himself in the Civil War 1861-65.—William M. Baker, _The Making of a Man_ (1881).

=Hezekiah Bedott=, easy-going, meek and slow-spoken husband of Priscilla Bedott. “Wonderful hand to moralize, specially after he begun to enjoy poor health.”—Frances Miriam Twitcher, _The Widow Bedott Papers_ (1856).

=Hiawa´tha=, the prophet teacher, son of Mudjekee´wis (_the west wind_) and Weno´nah, daughter of Noko´mis. He represents the progress of civilization among the North American Indians. Hiawatha first wrestled with Monda´min (_maize_), and, having subdued it, gave it to man for food. He then taught man navigation; then he subdued Mishe Nah´ma (_the sturgeon_), and taught the Indians how to make oil therefrom for winter. His next exploit was against the magician Megissog´non, the author of disease and death; having slain this monster, he taught man the science of medicine. He then married Minneha´ha (_laughing water_), and taught man to be the husband of one wife, and the comforts of domestic peace. Lastly, he taught man picture-writing. When the white men came with the gospel, Hiawatha ascended to the kingdom of Pone´mah, the land of the hereafter.—Longfellow, _Hiawatha_.

_Hiawatha’s Moc´casins._ When Hiawatha put on his moccasins, he could measure a mile at a single stride.

He had moccasins enchanted, Magic moccasins of deer-skin; When he bound them round his ankles At each stride a mile he measured. Longfellow, _Hiawatha_, iv.

_Hiawatha’s Great Friends_, Chibia´bos (the sweetest of all musicians) and Kwa´sind (the strongest of all mortals).—Longfellow, _Hiawatha_, vi.

=Hick´athrift= (_Tom or Jack_), a poor laborer in the time of the Conquest, of such enormous strength that he killed, with an axletree and cartwheel, a huge giant, who lived in a marsh at Tylney, in Norfolk. He was knighted, and made governor of Thanet. Hickathrift is sometimes called _Hickafric_.

When a man sits down to write a history, though it be but the history of Jack Hickathrift, ... he knows no more than his heels what lets ... he is to meet with in his way.—Sterne.

=Hick´ory= (_Old_), General Andrew Jackson. He was first called “Tough,” then “Tough as Hickory,” and, lastly, “Old Hickory.” Another story is that in 1813, when engaged in war with the Creek Indians, he fell short of supplies, and fed his men on hickory nuts (1767-1845).

=Hicks=, short, slight young man ... with an air at once amiable and baddish, whose father sends him on a sea-voyage to cure him of drunkenness.—William Dean Howells, _The Lady of the Aroostook_ (1879).

=Hi´erocles= (_4 syl._), the first person who compiled jokes and _bon mots_. After a life-long labor, he got together twenty-one, which he left to the world as his legacy. Hence arose the phrase, _An Hieroc´lean legacy_, no legacy at all, or a legacy of empty promises, or a legacy of no worth.

One of his anecdotes is that of a man who wanted to sell his house, and carried about a brick to show as a specimen of it.

=Hieron´imo=, the chief character of Thomas Kyd’s drama in two parts, pt. i. being called _Hieronimo_, and pt. ii. _The Spanish Tragedy_, or _Hieronimo is Mad Again_. In the latter play, Horatio, only son of Hieronimo, sitting with Belimpe´ria in an alcove, is murdered by his rival, Balthazar, and the lady’s brother, Lorenzo. The murderers hang the dead body on a tree in the garden, and Hieronimo, aroused by the screams of Belimperia, rushing into the garden, sees the dead body of his son, and goes raving mad (1588).

=Higden= (_Mrs. Betty_), an old woman nearly four score, very poor, but hating the union-house more than she feared death. Betty Higden kept a mangle, and “minded young children” at four-pence a week. A poor workhouse lad named Sloppy helped her to turn the mangle. Mrs. Boffin wished to adopt Johnny, Betty’s infant grandchild, but he died in the Children’s Hospital.

She was one of those old women, was Mrs. Betty Higden, who, by dint of an indomitable purpose and a strong constitution, fight out many years; an active old woman, with a bright dark eye and a resolute face, yet quite a tender creature, too.—C. Dickens, _Our Mutual Friend_, i. 16 (1864).

=Higg=, “the son of Snell,” the lame witness at the trial of Rebecca.—Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).

=Higgen, Prigg, Snapp, and Ferret=, knavish beggars in _The Beggar’s Bush_, a drama by Beaumont and Fletcher (1622).

=High and Low Heels=, two factions in Lilliput. So called from the high and low heels of their shoes, badges of the two factions. The high heels (_tories and the high-church party_) were friendly to the ancient constitution of the empire, but the emperor employed the Low-heels (_whigs and low-churchmen_) as his ministers of state.—Swift, _Gulliver’s Travels_ (“Lilliput,” 1726).

=High Life Below Stairs=, a farce by the Rev. James Townley. Mr. Lovel, a wealthy commoner, suspects his servants of “wasting his substance in riotous living;” so, pretending to go to his country seat in Devonshire, he assumes the character of a country bumpkin from Essex, and places himself under the charge of his own butler, to learn the duties of a gentleman servant. As the master is away, Philip (the butler) invites a large party to supper, and supplies them with the choicest wines. The servants all assume their masters’ titles, and address each other as “My lord duke,” “Sir Harry,” “My Lady Charlotte,” “My Lady Bab,” etc., and mimic the airs of their employers. In the midst of the banquet, Lovel appears in his true character, breaks up the party, and dismisses his household, retaining only one of the lot, named Tom, to whom he entrusts the charge of the silver and plate (1759).

=Highland Mary=, immortalized by Robert Burns, is generally thought to be Mary Campbell; but it seems more likely to be Mary Morison, “one of the poet’s youthful loves.” Probably the songs, _Will ye go to the Indies, my Mary?_ _Highland Mary_, _Mary Morison_, and _To Mary in Heaven_, were all written on one and the same Mary, although some think _Highland Mary_ and _Mary in Heaven_ refer to Mary Campbell, who, we are told, was the poet’s first love.

=Highwaymen= (_Noted_).

CLAUDE DUVAL (*-1670). Introduced in _White Friars_, by Miss Robinson.

JAMES WHITNEY (1660-1594), aged 34.

JONATHAN WILD of Wolverhampton (1682-1725), aged 43. Hero and title of a novel by Fielding (1744).

JACK SHEPPARD of Spitalfields (1701-1724), aged 24. Hero and title of a novel by Defoe (1724); and of one by H. Ainsworth (1839).

DICK TURPIN, executed at York (1711-1739). Hero of a novel by H. Ainsworth.

GALLOPING DICK, executed at Aylesbury in 1800.

CAPTAIN GRANT, the Irish highwayman, executed at Maryborough, in 1816.

SAMUEL GREENWOOD, executed at Old Bailey, 1822.

WILLIAM REA, executed at Old Bailey, 1828.

=Hilda=. Art student in Rome, beloved by Kenyon, another artist, and friend of Miriam. Hilda is the accidental witness of the homicide committed by Donatello, and the horror of the secret drives her almost mad.—Nathaniel Hawthorne, _The Marble Faun_.

_Hilda_. Wife of _Herluf_, who has excited his father—the “Judge’s” wrath. The old man strikes his son while Hilda’s arms are about her husband, and Herluf, maddened, leaves home and wife for America. Letters from New York tell his father of his successes there, and he at last begs Hilda to bring him home. She obeys, and the two men embrace with tears.—Hjalmar Hjorth Boyesen, _A Child of the Age_ (1889).

_Hilda’s Little Hood_. Tale of a scarlet hood (with a pretty face within it) that won a man’s heart.—Hjalmar Hjorth Boyesen’s _Idylls of Norway_ (1882).

=Hilarius= (_Brother_), refectioner at St. Mary’s.—Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Hildebrand=, Pope Gregory VII. (1013, 1073-1085). He demanded for the Church the right of “investiture” or presentation to all ecclesiastical benefices, the superiority of the ecclesiastical to the temporal authority, enforced the celibacy of all clergymen, resisted simony, and greatly advanced the domination of the popes.

We need another Hildebrand to shake And purify us. Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_ (1851).

_Hil´debrand_ (_Meister_), the Nestor of German romance, a magician and champion.

⁂ Maugis, among the paladins of Charlemagne, sustained a similar twofold character.

=Hil´debrod= (_Jacob_, _duke_), president of the Alsatian Club.—Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).

=Hil´desheim=. The monk of Hildesheim, doubting how a thousand years with God could be “only one day,” listened to the melody of a bird in a green wood, as he supposed, for only three minutes, but found that he had in reality been listening to it for a hundred years.

=Hill= (_Dr. John_), whose pseudonym was “Mrs. Glasse.” Garrick said of him:

For physic and farces, His equal there scarce is. For his farces are physic, and his physic a farce is.

=Hil´lary= (_Tom_), apprentice of Mr. Lawford, the town clerk. Afterwards Captain Hillary.—Sir W. Scott, _The Surgeon’s Daughter_ (time, George II.).

=Hinch´up= (_Dame_), a peasant, at the execution of Meg Murdockson.—Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).

=Hin´da=, daughter of Al Hassan, the Arabian emir of Persia. Her lover, Hafed, a gheber or fire-worshipper, was the sworn enemy of the emir. Al Hassan sent Hinda away, but she was taken captive by Hafed’s party. Hafed, being betrayed to Al Hassan, burnt himself to death in the sacred fire, and Hinda cast herself headlong into the sea.—T. Moore, _Lalla Rookh_ (“The Fire-Worshippers,” 1817).

=Hinzelmann=, the most famous house-spirit or kobold of German legend. He lived four years in the old castle of Hudemühlen, and then disappeared for ever (1588).

=Hippol´ito=. So Browning spells the name of the son of Theseus (2 _syl._) and An´tiopê. Hippolito fled all intercourse with woman. Phædra, his mother-in-law, tried to seduce him, and when he resisted her solicitations, accused him to her husband of attempting to dishonor her. After death he was restored to life under the name of Virbius (_vir-bis_, “twice a man”). (See HIPPOLYTOS).

Hippolito, a youth who never knew a woman. Browning.

=Hippol´yta=, queen of the Am´azons, and daughter of Mars. She was famous for a girdle given her by the war-god, which Herculês had to obtain possession of as one of his twelve labors.

⁂ Shakespeare has introduced Hippolyta in his _Midsummer Night’s Dream_, and betroths her to Theseus (2 _syl._) duke of Athens; but according to classic fable, it was her sister An´tiopê (4 _syl._) who married Theseus.

_Hippolyta_, a rich lady wantonly in love with Arnoldo. By the cross purposes of the plot, Leopold, a sea-captain, is enamoured of Hippolyta, Arnoldo is contracted to the chaste Zeno´cia, and Zenocia is dishonorably pursued by the Governor Count Clo´dio.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Custom of the Country_ (1647).

=Hippolytos= (in Latin, _Hippolytus_), son of Theseus. He provoked the anger of Venus by disregarding her love, and Venus, in revenge, made Phædra (his mother-in-law) fall in love with him, and when Hippolytos repulsed her advances, she accused him to her husband of seeking to dishonor her. Theseus prayed Neptune to punish the young man, and the sea-god, while the young man was driving in his chariot, scared the horses with sea-calves. Hippolytos was thrown from the chariot and killed, but Diana restored him to life again. (See HIPPOLITO.)

Hippolytus himself would leave Diana To follow such a Venus. Massinger, _A New Way to Pay Old Debts_, iii. 1 (1628).

=Hippom´enes= (4 _syl._), a Grecian prince who outstripped Atalanta in a foot-race, by dropping three golden apples, which she stopped to pick up. By this conquest he won Atalanta to wife.

E’en here, in this region of wonders, I find That light-footed Fancy leaves Truth far behind; Or, at least, like Hippomenês, turns her astray By the golden illusions he flings in her way. T. Moore.

=Hippot´ades= (4 _syl._), Eŏlus, the wind-god, son of Hippota.

[_He_] questioned every gust of rugged winds That blows from off each beaked promontory: They knew not of his story; And sage Hippotadês, their answer brings, That not a blast was from his dungeon strayed. Milton, _Lycidas_ (1638).

=Hiren=, a strumpet. From Peele’s play _The Turkish Mahomet and Hyren the Fair Greek_ (1584).

In Italian called a _courtezan_; in Spain a _margarite_; in French _une putaine_; in English...a punk.

“There be Sirens in the sea of the world. Syrens? _Hirens_, as they are now called. What a number of these sirens [_Hirens_], cockatrices, courteghians, in plain English, harlots, swimme amongst us!”—Adams, _Spiritual Navigator_ (1615).

=Hiroux= (_Jean_), the French “Bill Sikes,” with all the tragic elements eliminated.

_Pres._ Where do you live? _Jean._ Haven’t got any. _Pres._ Where were you born? _Jean._ At Galard. _Pres._ Where is that? _Jean._ At Galard. _Pres._ What department? _Jean._ Galard. Henri Monnier, _Popular Scenes drawn with Pen and Ink_ (1825).

=Hislop= (_John_), the old carrier at Old St. Ronan’s.—Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan’s Well_ (time, George III.).

=Histor´icus=, the _nom de plume_ of the Hon. E. Vernon Harcourt, for many years the most slashing writer in the _Saturday Review_, and a writer in the _Times_.

=History= (_Father of_). Herod´otos, the Greek historian, is so called by Cicero (B.C. 484-408).

_History_ (_Father of Ecclesiastical_), Polygnotos of Thaos (fl. B. C. 463-435). The Venerable Bede is so called sometimes (672-735).

_History_ (_Father of French_), Andre Duchesne (1584-1640).

=Histrio-mastix=, a tirade against theatrical exhibitions, by William Prynne (1632).

=Ho´amen=, an Indian tribe settled on a south branch of the Missouri, having Az´tlan for their imperial city. The Az´tecas conquered the tribe, deposed the queen, and seized their territory by right of conquest. When Madoc landed on the American shore, he took the part of the Hoamen, and succeeded in restoring them to their rights. The Aztecas then migrated to Mexico (twelfth century).—Southey, _Madoc_ (1805).

=Hob Miller= of Twyford, an insurgent.—Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).

=Hob or Happer=, miller at St. Mary’s Convent.

_Mysie Happer_, the miller’s daughter. She marries Sir Piercie Shafton.—Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Hob´bididance= (_4 syl._), the prince of dumbness, and one of the five fiends that possessed “poor Tom.”—Shakespeare, _King Lear_, act iv. sc. 1 (1605).

⁂ This name is taken from Harsnett’s _Declaration of Egregious Popish-Impostures_ (1561-1631).

=Hobbie O’Sorbie´trees,= one of the huntsmen near Charlie’s Hope farm.—Sir. W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.)

=Hob´bima= (_The English_), John Crome, of Norwich, whose last words were: “O Hobbima, Hobbima, how I do love thee!” (1769-1821).

_Hob´bima (The Scotch)_, P. Nasmyth (1831- ).

⁂ Minderhout Hobbima, a famous landscape painter of Amsterdam (1638-1709).

=Hobbinol.= (See HOBINOL).

=Hobbler= or CLOPINEL, Jehan de Meung, the French poet, who was lame (1260-1320). Meung was called by his contemporaries _Père de l’Eloquence_.

⁂ Tyrtæus, the Greek elegiac poet, was called “Hobbler” because he introduced the alternate pentameter verse, which is one foot shorter than the old heroic metre.

_Hobbler (The Rev. Dr.)_, at Ellieslaw Castle, one of the Jacobite conspirators with the laird of Ellieslaw.—Sir W. Scott _The Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).

=Hobby-horse= (_The_), one of the masquers at Kennaquhair Abbey.—Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time Elizabeth).

=Hobinol= or =Hobbinol= is Gabriel Harvey, physician, LL.D., a friend and college chum of Edmund Spenser, the poet. Spenser, in his ecl. iv., makes Thenot inquire, “What gars thee to weep?” and Hobinol replies it is because his friend Colin, having been flouted by Rosalind (ecl. i.), has broken his pipe and seems heart-broken with grief. Thenot then begs Hobinol to sing to him one of Colin’s own songs, and Hobinol sings the lay of “Elisa, queen of the shepherds” (_Queen Elizabeth_), daughter of Syrinx and Pan (_Anne Boleyn_ and _Henry VIII._). He says Phœbus thrust out his golden head to gaze on her, and was amazed to see a sun on earth brighter and more dazzling than his own. The Graces requested she might make a fourth grace, and she was received amongst them and reigned with them in heaven. The shepherds then strewed flowers to the queen, and Elisa dismissed them, saying that at the proper season she would reward them with ripe damsons (ecl. iv.) Ecl. ix. is a dialogue between Hobinol and Diggon Davie, upon Popish abuses. (See DIGGON DAVIE).—Spenser, _Shephearde’s Calendar_ (1572.)

=Hobnel´ia=, a shepherdess, in love with Lubberkin, who disregarded her. She tried by spells to win his love, and after every spell she said:

With my sharp heel I three times mark the ground, And turn me thrice around, around, around. Gay, _Pastoral_, iv. (1717).

=Hob´son= (_Thomas_), a carrier who lived at Cambridge in the seventeenth century. He kept a livery stable, but obliged the university students to take his hacks in rotation. Hence the term _Hobson’s choice_ came to signify “this or none.” Milton (in 1660) wrote two humorous poems on the death of the old carrier.

=Hochspring´en= (_The young duke of_), introduced in Donnerhugel’s narrative.—Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Hocus= (_Humphry_), “the attorney” into whose hands John Bull and his friends put the law-suit they carried on against Lewis Baboon (_Louis XIV_.). Of course, Humphry Hocus is John Churchill, duke of Mariborough, who commanded the army employed against the Grand Monarque.

Hocus was an old cunning attorney; and though this was the first considerable suit he was ever engaged in, he showed himself superior in address to most of his profession. He always kept good clerks. He loved money, was smooth-tongued, gave good words, and seldom lost his temper.... He provided plentifully for his family; but he loved himself better than them all. The neighbors reported that he was henpecked, which was impossible by such a mild-spirited woman as his wife was [_his wife was a desperate termagant_].—Dr. Arbuthnot, _History of John Bull_, v. (1712).

=Hodei´rah= (_3 syl._), husband of Zei´nab (_2 syl._) and father of Thalaba. He died while Thalaba was a mere lad.—Southey, _Thalaba the Destroyer_, i. (1797).

=Hodeken= (_i.e. little hat_), a German kobold or domestic fairy, noted for his little felt hat.

=Hö´der=, the Scandinavian god of darkness, typical of night. He is called the blind old god. Balder is the god of light, typical of day. According to fable Höder killed Balder with an arrow made of mistletoe, but the gods restored him to life again.

Höder, the blind old god, Whose feet are shod with silence. Longfellow, _Tegner’s Death_.

=Hodge=, Gammer Gurton’s goodman, whose breeches she was repairing when she lost her needle.—Mr. S., Master of Arts, _Gammer Gurton’s Needle_ (1551).

⁂ Mr. S. is said to be J. Still, afterwards bishop of Bath and Wells, but in 1551 he was only eight years old.

=Hodges= (_John_), one of Waverley’s servants.—Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

_Hodges (Joe)_, landlord of Bertram, by the lake near Merwyn Hall.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Hodge´son= (_Gaffer_), a puritan.—Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).

=Hoel= (_2 syl._), king of the Armorican Britons, and nephew of King Arthur. Hoel sent an army of 15,000 men to assist his uncle against the Saxons (501). In 509, being driven from his kingdom by Clovis, he took refuge in England; but in 513 he recovered his throne, and died in 545.

[_Arthur_], calling to his aid His kinsman Howel, brought from Brittany, the less, Their armies they unite.... [_and conquer the Saxons at Lincoln_]. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, iv. (1612).

_Ho´el_, son of Prince Hoel and Lla´ian. Prince Hoel was slain in battle by his half-brother David, king of North Wales, and Llaian, with her son, followed the fortunes of Prince Madoc, who migrated to North America. Young Hoel was kidnapped by Ocell´opan, an Az´tec, and carried to Az´tlan for a propitiatory sacrifice to the Aztecan gods. He was confined in a cavern without food; but Co´atel, a young Aztecan wife, took pity on him, visited him, supplied him with food, and assisted Madoc to release him.—Southey, _Madoc_ (1805).

=Ho´garth= (_William_), called “The Juvenal of Painters” (1695-1764).

_Hogarth (The Scottish)_, David Allan (1744-1796).

=Hogarth of Novelists=, Henry Fielding (1707-1754).

=Hold´enough= (_Master Nehemiah_), a Presbyterian preacher, ejected from his pulpit by a military preacher.—Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).

=Holgrave=, daguerreotypist, who rents a room from Miss Hepzibah Pyncheon, falls in love with and marries Phœbe Pyncheon.—Nathaniel Hawthorne, _The House of the Seven Gables_ (1851).

=Holiday= (_Erasmus_), schoolmaster in the Vale of Whitehorse.—Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Holipher´nes= (_4 syl._), called “English Henry,” one of the Christian knights in the allied army of Godfrey, in the first crusade. He was slain by Dragu´tês (_3 syl._). (See HOLOPHERNES).—Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_, ix. (1575).

=Hollingsworth=. Big, one-ideaed philanthropist, and a leader in the Blithedale farm project. “He had taught his benevolence to pour its warm tide exclusively through one channel, so that there was nothing to spare for other great manifestations of love to man, nor scarcely for the nutriment of individual attachments, unless they could minister, in some way, to the terrible egotism which he mistook for an angel of GOD.”

He is beloved by _Zenobia_, and gives what love he can spare from himself and his Idea to weak, silly _Priscilla_.—Nathaniel Hawthorne, _The Blithedale Romance_ (1852).

=Holman= (_Lieutenant James_), the blind traveller (1787-1857).

=Hol´opherne= (_Thubal_), the great sophister, who, in the course of five years and three months, taught Gargantua to say his ABC backwards.—Rabelais, _Gargantua_, i. 14 (1533).

=Holopher´nes= (_4 syl._). a pedantic schoolmaster, who speaks like a dictionary. The character is meant for John Florio, a teacher of Italian in London, who published, in 1598, a dictionary called _A World of Words_. He provoked the retort by condemning wholesale the English dramas, which, he said, were “neither right comedies nor right tragedies, but perverted histories without decorum.” The following sentence is a specimen of the style in which Shakespeare caricatured his style:

The deer was...in _sanguis_ (blood), ripe as a pomewater who now hangeth like a jewel in the ear of _cœlo_ (the sky, the welkin, the heaven); and anon falleth like a crab on the face of _terra_ (the soil, the land, the earth).—Shakespeare, _Love’s Labor’s Lost_, act iv. sc. 2 (1594).

⁂ _Holophernes_ is an imperfect anagram of “Joh´nes Florio,” the first and last letters being omitted, F=ph.

=Holt= (_Felix_). A collarless radical who sets a neighborhood by the ears, and stultifies himself by wooing a gentlewoman.—George Eliot, _Felix Holt_ (_Radical_).

=Holy Bottle= (_The Oracle of the_), the object of Pantag´ruel’s search. He visited various lands with his friend Panurge (2 _syl._), the last place being the island of Lantern-land, where the “bottle” was kept in an alabaster fount in a magnificent temple. When the party arrived at the sacred spot, the priestess threw something into the fount; whereupon the water began to bubble, and the word “Drink” issued from the “bottle.” So the whole party set to drinking Falernian wine, and, being inspired with drunkenness, raved with prophetic madness; and so the romance ends.—Rabelais, _Pantagruel_ (1545).

Like Pantagruel and his companions in quest of the “Oracle of the Bottle.”—Sterne.

=Holy Brotherhood= (_The_), in Spain called _Santa Hermandad_, was an association for the suppression of highway robbery.

The thieves,...believing the Holy Brotherhood was coming...got up in a hurry, and alarmed their companions.—Lesage, _Gil Blas_, i. 6 (1715).

=Holy Maid of Kent=, Elizabeth Barton, who incited the Roman Catholics to resist the progress of the Reformation, and pretended to act under divine inspiration. She was executed in 1534 for “predicting” that the king (Henry VIII.) would die a sudden death if he divorced Queen Katharine and married Anne Boleyn. At one time she was thought to be inspired with a prophetic gift, and even the lord chancellor, Sir Thomas More, was inclined to think so.

=Home, Sweet Home=. The words of this popular song are by John Howard Payne, an American. It is introduced in his melodrama called _Clari_, or _The Maid of Milan_. The music is by Sir Henry Bishop, and was originally sung in 1823 by Miss M. Tree.

=Homer= (_The British_). Milton is so called on Gray’s monument in Westminster Abbey.

No more the Grecian muse unrivalled reigns; To Britain let the nations homage pay: She felt a Homer’s fire in Milton’s strains, A Pindar’s rapture in the lyre of Gray.

_Homer_ (_The Casket_), an edition of _Homer_ corrected by Aristotle, which Alexander the Great carried about with him, and placed in the golden casket richly studded with gems, found in the tent of Darīus. Alexander said there was but one thing in the world worthy to be kept in so precious a casket, and that was Aristotle’s _Homer_.

_Homer_ (_The Celtic_), Ossian, son of Fingal, king of Morven.

_Homer_ (_The Oriental_), Ferdusi, the Persian poet, who wrote the _Shâh Nâmeh_, or history of the Persian kings. It contains 120,000 verses, and was the work of thirty years (940-1020).

_Homer_ (_The Prose_). Henry Fielding, the novelist, is called by Byron “The Prose Homer of Human Nature” (1707-1764).

_Homer_ (_The Scottish_), William Wilkie, author of _The Epigon´iad_ (1721-1772).

=Homer of our Dramatic Poets= (_The_). So Shakespeare is called by Dryden (1564-1616).

Shakespeare was the Homer or father of our dramatic poets; Jonson was the Virgil. I admire rare Ben, but I love Shakespeare.—Dryden.

=Homer of Ferra´ra= (_The_). Ariosto was called by Tasso, _Omero Ferraresê_ (1474-1533).

=Homer of the Franks= (_The_), Angilbert was so called by Charlemagne (died 814).

=Homer of the French Drama= (_The_). Pierre Corneille was so called by Sir Walter Scott (1606-1684).

=Homer of Philosophers= (_The_), Plato (B. C. 429-347).

=Homer the Younger=, Philiscos, one of the seven Pleiad poets of Alexandria, in the time of Ptolemy Philadelphos.

=Homeric Characters.=

AGAMEMNON, haughty and imperious; ACHILLES, brave, impatient of command, and relentless; DIOMED, brave as Achilles, but obedient to authority; AJAX _the Greater_, a giant in stature, fool-hardy, arrogant, and conceited; NESTOR, a sage old man, garrulous on the glories of his youthful days; ULYSSES, wise, crafty, and arrogant; PATROCLOS, a gentle friend; THERSITES, a scurrilous demagogue.

HECTOR, the protector and father of his country, a brave soldier, an affectionate husband, a wise counsellor, and a model prince; SARPEDON, the favorite of the gods, gallant and generous; PARIS, a gallant and a fop; TROILUS, “the prince of chivalry;” PRIAM, a broken-spirited old monarch.

HELEN, a heartless beauty, faithless, and fond of pleasure; ANDROM´ACHÊ, a fond young mother and affectionate wife; CASSANDRA, a querulous, croaking prophetess; HECUBA, an old she-bear robbed of her whelps.

=Homespun= (_Zekiel_), a farmer of Castleton. Being turned out of his farm, he goes to London to seek his fortune. Though quite illiterate, he has warm affections, noble principles, and a most ingenious mind. Zekiel wins £20,000 by a lottery ticket, bought by his deceased father.

_Cicely Homespun_, sister of Zekiel, betrothed to Dick Dowlas (for a short time the Hon. Dick Dowlas). When Cicely went to London with her brother, she took a situation with Caroline Dormer. Miss Dormer married “the heir-at-law” of Baron Duberly, and Cicely married Dick Dowlas.—G. Colman, _The Heir-at Law_ (1797).

=Hominy= (_Mrs._), philosopher and authoress, wife of Major Hominy, and “mother of the modern Gracchi,” as she called her daughter, who lived at New Thermopylæ, three days this side of “Eden,” in America. Mrs. Hominy was considered by her countrymen a “very choice spirit.”—C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).

=Homo Sum.= A story by George Ebers, telling of the life, temptations, and victories of certain anchorites living on Mt. Sinai.

=Honest George.= General George Monk, duke of Albemarle, was so called by the Cromwellites (1608-1670).

=Honest Man.= Diogenês, being asked one day what he was searching for so diligently that he needed the light of a lantern in broad day, replied, “An honest man.”

Searched with lantern-light to find an honest man. Southey, _Roderick, etc._, xxi. (1814).

Still will he hold his lantern up to scan The face of monarchs for an honest man. Byron, _Age of Bronze_, x. (1821).

=Honest Thieves= (_The_). The “thieves” are Ruth and Arabella, two heiresses, brought up by Justice Day, trustee of the estates of Ruth and guardian of Arabella. The two girls wish to marry Colonel Careless and Captain Manly, but do not know how to get possession of their property, which is in the hands of Justice Day. It so happens that Day goes to pay a visit, and the two girls, finding the key of his strong box, help themselves to the deeds, etc., to which they are respectively entitled. Mrs. Day, on her return, accuses them of robbery; but Manly says, “Madam, they have taken nothing but what is their own. They are honest thieves, I assure you.”—T. Knight (a farce).

⁂ This is a mere _rifacimento_ of _The Committee_ (1670), by the Hon. Sir R. Howard. Most of the names are identical, but “Captain Manly” is substituted for Colonel Blunt.

=Honey.= Glaucus, son of Minos, was smothered in a cask of honey.

=Honeycomb= (_Will_), a fine gentleman, the great authority on the fashions of the day. He was one of the members of the imaginary club from which the _Spectator_ issued.—_The Spectator_ (1711-1713).

=Honeycombe= (_Mr._), the uxorious husband of Mrs. Honeycombe, and father of Polly. Self-willed, passionate, and tyrannical. He thinks to bully Polly out of her love-nonsense, and by locking her in her chamber to keep her safe, forgetting that “love laughs at locksmiths,” and “where there’s a will there’s a way.”

_Mrs. Honeycombe_, the dram-drinking, maudling, foolish wife of Mr. Honeycombe, always ogling him, calling him “lovey,” “sweeting,” or “dearie,” but generally muzzy, and obfuscated with cordials or other messes.

_Polly Honeycombe_, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Honeycombe; educated by novels, and as full of romance as Don Quixote. Mr. Ledger, a stock broker, pays his addresses to her; but she hates him, and determines to elope with Mr. Scribble, an attorney’s clerk, and nephew of her nurse. This folly, however, is happily interrupted.—G. Colman, the elder, _Polly Honeycombe_ (1760).

=Honeyman= (_Charles_), a free-and-easy clergyman, of social habits and fluent speech,—Thackeray, _The Newcomes_ (1855).

=Honeymoon= (_The_), a comedy by J. Tobin (1804). The general scheme resembles that of the _Taming of the Shrew_, viz., breaking-in an unruly colt of high mettle to the harness of wifely life. The duke of Aranza marries the proud, overbearing, but beautiful Juliana, eldest daughter of Balthazar. After marriage, he takes her to a mean hut, and pretends he is only a peasant, who must work for his daily bread, and that his wife must do the household drudgery. He acts with great gentleness and affection; and by the end of the month, Juliana, being thoroughly reformed, is introduced to the castle, where she finds that her husband after all is the duke, and that she is the duchess of Aranza. It is an excellent and well written comedy.

=Honeywood=, “the good-natured man,” whose property is made the prey of swindlers. His uncle, Sir William Honeywood, in order to rescue him from sharpers, causes him to be seized for a bill to which he has lent his name “to a friend who absconded.” By this arrest the young man is taught to discriminate between real friends and designing knaves. Honeywood dotes on Miss Richland, but fancies she loves Mr. Lofty, and therefore forbears to avow his love; eventually, however, all comes right. Honeywood promises to “reserve his pity for real distress, and his friendship for real merit.”

_Sir William Honeywood_, uncle of Mr. Honeywood “the good-natured man.” Sir William sees with regret the faults of his nephew, and tries to correct them. He is a dignified and high-minded gentleman.—Goldsmith, _The Good-natured Man_ (1767).

=Hono´ra=, daughter of General Archas, “the loyal subject” of the great-duke of Moscovia, and sister of Viola.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Loyal Subject_ (1618).

=Hono´ria=, a fair but haughty dame, greatly loved by Theodore of Ravenna; but the lady “hated him alone,” and, “the more he loved the more she disdained.” One day she saw the ghost of Guido Cavalcanti hunting with two mastiffs a damsel who despised his love and who was doomed to suffer a year for every month she had tormented him. Her torture was to be hunted by dogs, torn to pieces, disemboweled, and restored to life again every Friday. This vision so acted on the mind of Honoria, that she no longer resisted the love of Theodore, but, “with the full consent of all, she changed her state.”—Dryden, _Theodore and Honoria_ (a poem).

⁂ This tale is from Boccaccio, _Decameron_ (day v. 8).

=Honour= (_Mrs._), the waiting gentlewoman of Sophia Western.—Fielding, _Tom Jones_ (1749).

This is worse than Sophy Western and Mrs. Honour about Tom Jones’s broken arm.—Prof. J. Wilson.

=Honour and Glory Griffiths.= Captain Griffiths, in the reign of William IV., was so called because he used to address his letters to the Admiralty, to “Their Honours and Glories at the Admiralty.”

Honor is often personified by the poets. Emerson said of Judge Hoar, “When he sat upon the bench, Honor came and sat beside him.”

=Honors= (_Crushed by His_ or _Her_).

Tarpeia (3 _syl._), daughter of Tarpeius (governor of the citadel of Rome), promised to open the gates to Tatius, if his soldiers would give her the ornaments they wore on their arms. As the soldiers entered the gate, they threw on her their shields, and crushed her to death, saying, “These are the ornaments we Sabines wear on our arms.”

Draco, the Athenian legislator, was crushed to death in the theatre of Ægīna by the number of caps and cloaks showered on him by the audience, as a mark of honor.

Elagab´alus, the Roman emperor, invited the leading men of Rome to a banquet, and, under pretense of showing them honor, rained roses upon them till they were smothered to death.

=Hood= (_Riley_), smart boy who is willing that his grandmother “may pit Gener’l Washington an’ the old man Noah agin one ’nother right at the door of the ark,” provided his father does not compel him to authenticate her stories or be thrashed.—Richard Malcolm Johnston, _Other Georgia Folk_ (1887).

_Hood_ (_Robin_), a famous English outlaw. Stow places him in the reign of Richard I., but others make him live at divers periods between Cœur de Lion and Edward II. His chief haunt was Sherwood Forest, in Nottinghamshire. Ancient ballads abound with anecdotes of his personal courage, his skill in archery, his generosity, and great popularity. It is said that he robbed the rich, but gave largely to the poor, and protected women and children with chivalrous magnanimity. The ballad, “The Death of Robin Hood,” says that he was treacherously bled to death by his sister, the Prioress of the Abbey of Kirklees.

Stukeley asserts that Robin Hood was Robert Fitzooth, earl of Huntingdon; and it is probable that his name _hood_, like _capet_ given to the French king of the Hugues, refers to the cape or hood which he usually wore.

⁂ The chief incidents of his life are recorded by Stow. Ritson has collected a volume of songs, ballads, and anecdotes called _Robin Hood ... that Celebrated English Outlaw_ (1795). Sir W. Scott has introduced him in his famous novel _Ivanhoe_, which makes the outlaw contemporary with Cœur de Lion.

_Robin Hood’s Men._ The most noted of his followers were Little John, whose surname was Nailor; his chaplain, Friar Tuck; William Scarlet, Scathelooke (2 _syl._), or Scadlock, sometimes called two brothers; Will Stutly or Stukely; Mutch, the miller’s son; and the maid Marian.

=Hookem= (_Mr._), partner of lawyer Clip-purse at Waverley Honor.—Sir. W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Hooker= (_Thomas_). In his eulogy upon Master Thomas Hooker, Cotton Mather “invites the reader to behold at once the wonders of New England, and it is in one Thomas Hooker that he shall behold them.”—Cotton Mather, D. D., _Magnolia Christi Americana_ (1702).

=Hop= (_Robin_), the hop plant.

Get into thy hop-yard, for now it is time To teach Robin Hop on his pole how to climb. T. Tusser, _Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry_, xli. 17 (1557).

=Hope.= The name of the first woman, according to Grecian mythology, was Pandôra, made by Hephæstos (_Vulcan_) out of earth. She was called Pandôra (“all-gifted”) because all the deities contributed something to her charms. She married Epime´theus (4 _syl._), in whose house was a box which no mortal might open. Curiosity induced Pandôra to peep into it, when out flew all the ills of humanity, and she had just time to close the lid to prevent the escape of Hope also.

When man and nature mourned their first decay ... All, all forsook the friendless, guilty mind, But Hope—the charmer lingered still behind. Campbell, _Pleasures of Hope_, i. (1799).

_Hope_ (_The Bard of_), Thomas Campbell, who wrote _The Pleasures of Hope_, in two parts (1777-1844).

_Hope_ (_Dorothy_). An ingenuous, dimpled village girl, who attracts the fancy and satisfies the heart of a world-weary man.—Ellen Olney Kirk, _Daughter of Eve_ (1889).

_Hope_ (_The Cape of Good_), originally called “The Cape of Storms”.

Similarly, the Euxine (_i.e._ “hospitable”) Sea was originally called by the Greeks, the Axine (_i.e._ “the inhospitable”) Sea.

=Hope Diamond= (_The_), a blue brilliant, weighing 44-1/4 carats.

It is supposed that this diamond is the same as the blue diamond bought by Louis XIV. in 1608, of Tavernier. It weighed in the rough 112-1/4 carats, and after being cut 67-1/8 carats. In 1792 it was lost. In 1830 Mr. Daniel Eliason came into possession of a blue diamond without any antecedent history. This was bought by Mr. Henry Thomas Hope, and is called “The Hope Diamond.”

=Hope of Troy= (_The_), Hector.

[_He_] stood against them, as the Hope of Troy Against the Greeks. Shakespeare, 3 _Henry VI._ act ii. sc. 1 (1592).

=Hopeful=, a companion of Christian after the death of Faithful at Vanity Fair.—Bunyan, _The Pilgrim’s Progress_, i, (1678).

=Hope-on-High Bomby=, a puritanical character, drawn by Beaumont and Fletcher.

“Well,” said Wildrake, “I think I can make a Hope-on-High Bomby as well as thou canst.”—Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_, vii.

=Hopkins= (_Matthew_), of Manningtree, Essex, the witch-finder. In one year he caused sixty persons to be hanged as reputed witches.

Between three and four thousand persons suffered death for witchcraft between 1643 and 1661.—Dr. Z. Grey.

_Hopkins_ (_Nicholas)_, a Chartreux friar, who prophesied “that neither the king [_Henry VIII._] nor his heirs should prosper, but that the duke of Buckingham should govern England.”

_1st Gent._ That devil-monk, Hopkins, hath made this mischief. _2nd Gent._ That was he that fed him with his prophecies. Shakespeare, _Henry VIII._ act ii. sc. 1 (1601).

=Hop-o’-my-Thumb=, a character in several nursery tales. Tom Thumb and Hop-o’-my-thumb are not the same, although they are often confounded with each other. Tom Thumb was the son of peasants, knighted by King Arthur, and was killed by a spider; but Hop-’o-my-thumb was a nix, the same as the German _daumling_, the French _le petit pouce_, and the Scotch _Tom-a-lin_ or Tamlane. He was not a human dwarf, but a fay of usual fairy proportions.

Yon Stump-o’-the-gutter, yon Hop-o’-my-thumb, Your husband must from Lilliput come. Kane O’Hara, _Midas_ (1778).

=Horace=, son of Oronte (2 _syl._) and lover of Agnes. He first sees Agnes in a balcony, and takes off his hat in passing. Agnes returns his salute, “pour ne point manquer à la civilité.” He again takes off his hat, and she again returns the compliment. He bows a third time, and she returns his “politeness” a third time. “Il passe, vient, repasse, et toujours me fait a chaque fois révérence, et moi nouvelle révérence aussi je lui rendois.” An intimacy is soon established, which ripens into love. Oronte tells his son he intends him to marry the daughter of Enrique (2 _syl._), which he refuses to do; but it turns out that Agnes is in fact Enrique’s daughter, so that love and obedience are easily reconciled.—Molière, _L’école des Femmes_ (1662).

_Horace_ (_The English_). Ben Jonson is so called by Dekker the dramatist (1574-1637).

Cowley was preposterously called by George, duke of Buckingham “The Pindar, Horace, and Virgil of England” (1618-1667).

_Horace_ (_The French_), Jean Macrinus or Salmon (1490-1557).

Pierre Jean de Béranger is called “The Horace of France,” and “The French Burns” (1780-1857).

_Horace_ (_The Portuguese_), A. Ferreira (1528-1569).

_Horace_ (_The Spanish_). Both Lupercio Argen´sola and his brother Bartolome are so called.

=Horace de Brienne= (2 _syl._), engaged to Diana de Lascours; but after the discovery of Ogari´ta [_alias_ Martha, Diana’s sister], he falls in love with her, and marries her with the free consent of his former choice.—E. Stirling, _The Orphan of the Frozen Sea_ (1856).

=Horatia=, daughter of Horatius, “the Roman father.” She was engaged to Caius Curiatius, whom her surviving brother slew in the well-known combat of the three Romans and three Albans. For the purpose of being killed, she insulted her brother Publius in his triumph, and spoke disdainfully of his “patriotic love,” which he preferred to filial and brotherly affection. In his anger he stabbed his sister with his sword.—Whitehead, _The Roman Father_ (1741).

=Hora´tio=, the intimate friend of Prince Hamlet.—Shakespeare, _Hamlet, Prince of Denmark_ (1596).

_Horatio_, the friend and brother-in-law of Lord Al´tamont, who discovers by accident that Calista, Lord Altamont’s bride, has been seduced by Lothario, and informs Lord Altamont of it. A duel ensues between the bridegroom and the libertine, in which Lothario is killed; and Calista stabs herself.—N. Rowe, _The Fair Penitent_ (1703).

=Horatius=, “the Roman father.” He is the father of the three Horatii chosen by the Roman Senate to espouse the cause of Rome against the Albans. He glories in the choice, preferring his country to his offspring. His daughter, Horatia, was espoused to one of the Curiatii, and was slain by her surviving brother for taunting him with murder under the name of patriotism. The old man now renounced his son, and would have given him up to justice, but king and people interposed in his behalf.

_Publius Horatius_, the surviving son of “the Roman father.” He pretended flight, and as the Curiatii pursued, “but not with equal speed,” he slew them one by one as they came up.—Whitehead, _The Roman Father_, (1741).

=Horatius= [=Cocles=], captain of the bridge-gate over the Tiber. When Por´sĕna brought his host to replace Tarquin on the throne, the march on the city was so sudden and rapid that the consul said, “The foe will be upon us before we can cut down the bridge.” Horatius exclaimed, “If two men will join me, I will undertake to give the enemy play till the bridge is cut down.” Spurius Lartius and Herminius volunteered to join him in this bold enterprise. Three men came against them and were cut down. Three others met the same fate. Then the lord of Luna came with his brand, “which none but he could wield,” but the Tuscan was also despatched. Horatius then ordered his two companions to make good their escape, and they just crossed the bridge as it fell in with a crash. The bridge being down, Horatius threw himself into the Tiber and swam safe to shore, amidst the applauding shouts of both armies.—Lord Macaulay, _Lays of Ancient Rome_ (“Horatius,” 1842).

=Horn= (_King_), hero of a French metrical romance, the original of our _Childe Horne_ or _The Geste of Kyng Horn_. The French romance is ascribed to Maistre Thomas; and Dr. Percy thinks the English romance is of the twelfth century, but this is probably at least a century too early.

=Horn of Chastity and Fidelity=.

Morgan la Faye sent King Arthur a drinking-horn, from which no lady could drink who was not true to her husband, and no knight who was not feal to his liege lord. Sir Lamorake sent this horn as a taunt to Sir Mark, king of Cornwall.—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, (1470).

Ariosto’s enchanted cup.

_The cuckold’s drinking-horn_, from which “no cuckold could drink without spilling the liquor.”

=Horner= (_Jack_), the little boy who sat in a corner to eat his Christmas pie, and thought himself wondrously clever because he contrived to pull out a plum with his thumb.

Little Jack Horner sat in a corner, Eating a Christmas pie; He put in his thumb and pulled out a plum, Saying, “What a good boy am I!” _Nursery Rhyme_.

In _Notes and Queries_, xvi. 156, several explanations are offered, ascribing a political meaning to the words quoted—Jack Horner being elevated to a king’s messenger or king’s steward, and “the plum” pulled out so cleverly being a valuable deed which the messenger abstracted.

=Horse.= The first to ride and tame a horse for the use of man was Melizyus, king of Thessaly. (See MELIZYUS).

_Horse_ (_The Black_), the 7th Dragoon Guards (_not_ the 7th Dragoons). They have black velvet facings, and their plume is black and white. At one time they rode black horses.

_Horse_ (_The Green_), the 5th Dragoon Guards. (These are called “The Princess Charlotte of Wales’s ...”). Facings dark green velvet, but the plume is red and white.

_Horse_ (_The White_), the 3d Dragoon Guards. (These are called “The Prince of Wales’s ...”).

⁂ All the Dragoon Guards have _velvet_ facings, except the 6th (or “Carabiniers”), which have white _cloth_ facings. By facings are meant the collar and cuffs.

N.B.—“The white horse within the Garter” is _not_ the heraldic insignia of the White Horse Regiment or 3d Dragoon Guards, but of the 3d Hussars (or “The King’s Own”), who have also a white plume. This regiment used to be called “The 3d Light Dragoons.”

_Horse_ (_The Royal_), the Blues.

_Horse_ (_The Wooden_), a huge horse constructed by Ulysses and Diomed, for secreting soldiers. The Trojans were told by Sinon it was an offering made by the Greeks to the sea-god, to ensure a safe home-voyage, adding that the blessing would pass from the Greeks to the Trojans if the horse were placed within the city walls. The credulous Trojans drew the monster into the city; but at night Sinon released the soldiers from the horse and opened the gates to the Greek army. The sentinels were slain, the city fired in several places, and the inhabitants put to the sword. The tale of the “Wooden Horse” forms no part of Homer’s _Iliad_, but is told by Virgil in his _Æne´id_. Virgil borrowed the tale from Arctīnos of Milētus, one of the Cyclic poets, who related the story of the “Wooden Horse” and the “burning of Troy.”

⁂ A very similar strategem was employed in the seventh century A.D. by Abu Obeidah in the siege of Arrestan, in Syria. He obtained leave of the governor to deposit in the citadel some old lumber which impeded his march. Twenty boxes (filled with soldiers) were accordingly placed there, and Abu, like the Greeks, pretended to march homewards. At night the soldiers removed the sliding bottoms of the boxes, killed the sentries, opened the city gates, and took the town.—Ockley, _History of the Saracens_, i. 185.

The capture of Sark was affected by a similar trick. A gentleman of the Netherlands, with one ship, asked permission of the French to bury one of his crew in the chapel. The request was granted, but the coffin was full of arms. The pretended mourners, being well provided with arms, fell on the guards and took the island by surprise.—Percy, _Anecdotes_, 249.

_Horse_ (_Merlin’s Wooden_), Clavilēno. This was the horse on which Don Quixote effected the disenchantment of the infanta Antonomāsia and others.

_Horse_ (_The Enchanted_), a wooden horse with two pegs. By turning one the horse rose into the air, and by turning the other it descended where and when the rider listed. It was given by an Indian to the shah of Persia, as a New Year’s gift.—_Arabian Nights_ (“The Enchanted Horse”), and Chaucer (“The Squire’s Tale”).

_Horse_ (_The Fifteen points of a good_).

A good horse sholde have three propyrtees of a man, three of a woman, three of a foxe, three of a haare, and three of an asse. Of a _man_, bolde, prowde, and hardye. Of a _woman_, fayre-breasted, faire of heere, and easy to move. Of a _foxe_, a fair taylle, short eers, with a good trotte. Of a _haare_, a grate eye, a dry head, and well rennynge. Of an _asse_, a bygge chynn, a flat legge, and a good hoof.—_Wynkyn de Worde_ (1496).

=Horse Neighing=. On the death of Smerdis, the several competitors for the Persian crown agreed that he whose horse neighed first should be appointed king. The horse of Darius neighed first and Darius was made king. Lord Brooke calls him a Scythian; he was son of Hystaspês, the satrap.

The brave Scythian Who found more sweetness in his horse’s neighing Than all the Phrygian, Dorian, Lydian playing. Lord Brooke.

=Horse Painted=. Apellês of Cos painted Alexander’s horse so wonderfully well that a real horse seeing it, began to neigh at it, supposing it to be alive.

Myron, the statuary, made a cow so true to life that it was said to have deceived men and animals.

Valasquez painted a Spanish admiral so true to life that Philip IV., mistaking it for the officer himself, reproved him sharply for wasting his time in a painter’s studio, when he ought to have been with his fleet.

Xeuxis painted some grapes so admirably that birds flew at them, thinking them real fruit.

Parrhasios of Ephesus painted a curtain so inimitably that Xeuxis thought it to be a real curtain, and bade the artist draw it aside that he might see the painting behind.

Quintin Matsys of Antwerp painted a bee on the outstretched leg of a fallen angel so naturally that when old Mandyn, the artist, returned to the studio, he tried to frighten it away with his pocket-handkerchief.

=Horse of Brass= (_The_), a present from the king of Araby and Ind to Cambuscan´, king of Tartary. A person whispered in its ear where he wished to go, and having mounted, turned a pin, whereupon the brazen steed rose in the air as high as the rider wished, and within twenty-four hours landed him at the end of his journey.

This steed of brass, that easily and well Can, in the space of a day natural.... Bearen your body into every place To which your heartè willeth for to pace. Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ (“The Squire’s Tale,” 1388).

=Horse Shoe Robinson=. A daring American trooper, who captures five English soldiers without other assistance than a small boy and a horse. When surprised reconnoitering the enemy’s camp from a cliff, he drops upon his knees and “is digging up sassafras roots.”—John Pendleton Kennedy, _Horse Shoe Robinson_ (1852).

=Horste= (_Conrade_), one of the insurgents at Liège.—Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Hortense´= (2 _syl._), the vindictive French maid-servant of Lady Dedlock. In revenge for the partiality shown by Lady Dedlock to Rosa, the village beauty, Hortense murdered Mr. Tulkinghorn, and tried to throw the suspicion of the crime on Lady Dedlock.—C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853).

=Horten´sio=, a suitor to Bianca, the younger sister of Katharina, “the Shrew.” Katharina and Bianca are the daughters of Baptista.—Shakespeare, _Taming of the Shrew_ (1594).

_Hortensio_, noted for his chivalrous love and valor.—Massinger, _The Bashful Lover_ (1636).

=Hosier’s Ghost= (_Admiral_), a ballad by Richard Glover (1739). Admiral Hosier was sent with twenty sail to the Spanish West Indies, to block up the galleons of that country. He arrived at the Bastimentos, near Portobello, but had strict orders not to attack the foe. His men perished by disease but not in fight, and the admiral himself died of a broken heart. After Vernon’s victory, Hosier and his 3000 men rose, “all in dreary hammocks shrouded, which for winding-sheets they wore,” and lamented the cruel orders that forbade them to attack the foe, for “with twenty ships he surely could have achieved what Vernon did with only six.”

=Hotspur.= So Harry Percy was called from his fiery temper, over which he had no control.—Shakespeare, _1 Henry IV._ (1597).

William Bensley [1738-1817] had the true poetic enthusiasm.... None that I remember possessed even a portion of that fine madness which he threw out in Hotspur’s fine rant about glory. His voice had the dissonance and at times the inspiring effect of the trumpet.—C. Lamb.

=Hotspur of Debate= (_The_), Lord Derby, called by Maccaulay “The Rupert of Debate” (1799-1869).

=Houd= (_1 syl._), a prophet sent to preach repentance to the Adites (_2 syl._), and to reprove their King Shedad for his pride. As the Adites and their king refused to hear the prophet, God sent on the kingdom first a drought of three years’ duration, and then the Sarsar or icy wind for seven days, so that all the people perished. Houd is written “Hûd” in Sale’s _Korân_, i.

Then stood the prophet Houd and cried, “Woe! woe to Irem! woe to Ad! Death is gone up into her palaces! Woe! woe! a day of guilt and punishment! A day of desolation!” Southey, _Thalaba, the Destroyer_, i. 41 (1797).

=Hough´ton= (_Sergeant_), in Waverley’s regiment.—Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Hounds= (_Gen. Custer’s_). “His pack of hounds was an endless source of delight to the general. He had about forty, the stag-hounds that run by sight, and are on the whole, the fleetest and most enduring dogs in the world, and the fox-hounds that follow the trail with their noses close to the ground. The first rarely bark, but the latter are very noisy. We used to listen with amusement to their attempts to strike the key-note of the bugler when he sounded the calls summoning the men to guard-mount, stables, or retreat.”—Elizabeth Bacon Custer, _Boots and Saddles_, (1885).

=Hounslow=, one of the gang of thieves that conspire to break into Lady Bountiful’s house.—Farquhar, _The Beaux’ Stratagem_ (1705).

=Houri=, plu. =Houris=, the virgins of paradise; so called from their large black eyes (_hûr al oyûn_). According to Mohammedan faith, intercourse with these lovely women is to constitute the chief delight of the faithful in the “world to come.”—_Al Korân_.

=House that Jack Built= (_The_), a cumulative nursery story, in which every preceding statement is repeated after the introduction of a new one; thus;

1. [_This is_] the house that Jack built. 2. [_This is_] the malt that lay in ... 3. [_This is_] the rat that ate ... 4. [_This is_] the cat that killed ... 5. [_This is_] the dog that worried ... 6. [_This is_] the cow with the crumpled horn, that tossed ... 7. [_This is_] the maiden all forlorn, that milked ... 8. [_This is_] the man all tattered and torn, that kissed ... 9. This is the priest all shaven and shorn, that married ...

A similar accumulation occurs in another nursery tale, with this difference—the several clauses are repeated twice: once by entreaty of the old woman to perform some service to get her pig to cross over a bridge that she may get home; and then the reverse way, when each begins the task requested of them. It begins with a statement that an old woman went to market to buy a pig; they came to a bridge, which the pig would not go over, so the old woman called to a stick, and said:

1. [_Stick, stick, beat pig, for_] pig won’t go over the bridge, and I shan’t get home to-night. 2. [_Fire, fire_] burn stick, stick won’t beat pig ... 3. [_Water, water_] quench fire, fire won’t ... 4. [_Ox, ox_] drink water, water won’t ... 5. [_Butcher, butcher_] kill ox, ox won’t ... 6. [_Rope, rope_] hang butcher, butcher won’t ... 7. [_Rat, rat_] gnaw rope, rope won’t ... 8. [_Cat, cat_] kill rat, rat won’t ...

Then the cat began to kill the rat, and the rat began to gnaw the rope, and the rope began ... etc., and the pig went over the bridge, and so the old woman got home that night.

Dr. Doran gave the following Hebrew “parable” in _Notes and Queries_:—

1. [_This is_] the kid that my father bought for two zuzim [=1/2_d._]. 2. [_This is_] the cat that ate ... 3. [_This is_] the dog that bit ... 4. [_This is_] the stick that beat ... 5. [_This is_] the fire that burnt ... 6. [_This is_] the water that quenched ... 7. [_This is_] the ox that drank ... 8. [_This is_] the butcher that killed ... 9. This is the angel, the angel of death, that slew ...

=Hous´sain= (_Prince_), the elder brother of Prince Ahmed. He possessed a carpet of such wonderful powers that if any one sat upon it it would transport him in a moment to any place he liked. Prince Houssain bought this carpet at Bisnagar, in India.—_Arabian Nights_ (“Ahmed and Paribanou”).

⁂ Solomon’s carpet (_q. v._) possessed the same locomotive power.

=Houyhnhnms= [_Whin´.ims_], a race of horses endowed with human reason, and bearing rule over the race of man.—Swift, _Gulliver’s Travels_ (1726).

“True, true, ay, too true,” replied the Domine, his houyhnhnms laugh sinking into an hysterical giggle.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (1815).

=Hover= (_Paul_), bee-hunter in _Last of the Mohicans_, in love with Ellen Wade.—James Fennimore Cooper.

=Howard=, in the court of Edward IV.—Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

=How´atson= (_Luckie_), midwife at Ellangowan.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Howden= (_Mrs._), a saleswoman.—Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).

=Howe= (_Miss_), the friend of Clarissa Harlowe, to whom she presents a strong contrast. She has more worldly wisdom and less abstract principle. In questions of doubt, Miss Howe would suggest some practical solution, while Clarissa was mooning about hypothetical contingencies. She is a girl of high spirit, disinterested friendship, and sound common sense.—Richardson, _Clarissa Harlowe_ (1749).

=Howel= or =Hoel=, king of the West Welsh in the tenth century, surnamed “the Good.” He is a very famous king, especially for his code of laws. This is not the Howel or Hoel of Arthurian romance, who was the duke of Armorica in the sixth century.

What Mulmutian laws, or Martian, ever were More excellent than those which our good Howel here Ordained to govern Wales? Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ix. (1612).

=Howie= (_Jamie_), bailie to Malcolm Bradwardine (_3 syl._), of Inchgrabbit.—Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Howlaglass= (_Master_), a preacher. Friend of Justice Maulstatute.—Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).

=Howle´glas= (_Father_), the abbot of Unreason, in the revels held at Kennaquhair Abbey.—Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Howleglass= (_2 syl._), a clever rascal, so called from the hero of an old German jest-book, popular in England in Queen Elizabeth’s reign.—See _Eulenspiegel_.

=Hoyden= (_Miss_), a lively, ignorant, romping country girl.—Vanbrugh, _The Relapse_ (1697).

_Hoyden_ (_Miss_), daughter of Sir Tunbelly Clumsy, a green, ill-educated, country girl, living near Scarborough. She is promised in marriage to Lord Foppington, but as his lordship is not personally known, either by the knight or his daughter, Tom Fashion, the nobleman’s younger brother, passes himself off as Lord Foppington, is admitted into the family, and marries the heiress.—Sheridan, _A Trip to Scarborough_ (1777).

⁂ Sheridan’s comedy is _The Relapse_ of Vanbrugh (1697), abridged, recast, and somewhat modernized.

=Hrasvelg=, the giant who keeps watch on the North side of the root of the Tree of the World, to devour the dead. His shape is that of an eagle. Winds and storms are caused by the movement of his wings.—_Scandinavian Mythology._

=Hrimfax´i=, the horse of Night, from whose bit fall the rime-drops that every morning bedew the earth.—_Scandinavian Mythology._

=Hrothgar=, king of Denmark, whom Beowulf delivered from the monster Grendel. Hrothgar built Heorot, a magnificent palace, and here he distributed rings (treasure), and held his feasts; but the monster, Grendel, envious of his happiness, stole into the hall after a feast, and put thirty of the thanes to death in their sleep. The same ravages were repeated night after night, till Beowulf, at the head of a mixed band of soldiers, went against him and slew him.—_Beowulf_ (an Anglo-Saxon epic poem, sixth century).

=Hry´mer=, pilot of the ship _Nagelfar_ (made of the “nails of the dead”).—_Scandinavian Mythology._

=Hubba and Ingwar=, two Danish chiefs, who, in 870, conquered East Anglia and wintered at Thetford, in Norfolk. King Edmund fought against them, but was beaten and taken prisoner. The Danish chiefs offered him his life and kingdom if he would renounce Christianity and pay them tribute; but as he refused to do so, they tied him to a tree, shot at him with arrows, and then cut off his head. Edmund was therefore called “St. Edmund.” Alu´red fought seven battles with Hubba, and slew him at Abington, in Berkshire.

Alured ... In seven brave foughten fields their champion Hubba chased, And slew him in the end at Abington [_sic_]. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. (1613).

=Hubbard= (_Mother_). _Mother Hubbard’s Tale_, by Edmund Spenser, is a satirical fable in the style of Chaucer, supposed to be told by an old woman (Mother Hubbard) to relieve the weariness of the poet during a time of sickness. The tale is this: An ape and a fox went into partnership to seek their fortunes. They resolved to begin their adventures as beggars, so Master Ape dressed himself as a broken soldier, and Reynard pretended to be his dog. After a time they came to a farmer, who employed the ape as shepherd, but when the rascals had so reduced the flock that detection was certain, they decamped. Next they tried the Church, under advice of a priest; Reynard was appointed rector to a living, and the ape was his parish clerk. From this living they were obliged also to remove. Next they went to court as foreign potentates, and drove a splendid business, but came to grief ere long. Lastly, they saw King Lion asleep, his skin was lying beside him, with his crown and sceptre. Master Ape stole the regalia, dressed himself as King Lion, usurped the royal palace, made Reynard his chief minister, and collected round him a band of monsters, chiefly amphibious, as his guard and court. In time Jupiter sent Mercury to rouse King Lion from his lethargy; so he awoke from sleep, broke into his palace, and bit off the ape’s tail, with a part of its ear.

Since which, all apes but half their ears have left, And of their tails are utterly bereft.

As for Reynard, he ran away at the first alarm, and tried to curry favor with King Lion; but the king only exposed him and let him go (1591).

_Hubbard (Old Mother)_ went to her cupboard to get a bone for her dog, but, not finding one, trotted hither and thither to fetch sundry articles for his behoof. Every time she returned she found Master Doggie performing some extraordinary feat, and at last, having finished all her errands, she made a grand curtsey to Master Doggie. The dog, not to be outdone in politeness, made his mistress a profound bow; upon which the dame said, “Your servant!” and the dog replied, “Bow, wow!”—_Nursery Tales_.

=Hubble= (_Mr._), wheelwright; a tough, high-shouldered, stooping old man, of a sawdusty fragrance, with his legs extraordinarily wide apart.

_Mrs. Hubble_, a little, curly, sharp-edged person, who held a conventionally juvenile position, because she had married Mr. Hubble when she was much younger than he.—C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860).

=Hubert=, “the keeper” of young Prince Arthur. King John conspired with him to murder the young prince, and Hubert actually employed two ruffians to burn out both the boy’s eyes with red-hot irons. Arthur pleaded so lovingly with Hubert to spare his eyes, that he relented; however, the lad was found dead soon afterwards, either by accident or foul play.—Shakespeare, _King John_, (1596).

⁂ This “Hubert” was Hubert de Burgh, justice of England and earl of Kent.

One would think, had it been possible, that Shakespeare, when he made King John excuse his intentions of perpetrating the death of Arthur by his comment on Hubert’s face, by which he saw the assassin in his mind, had Sanford in idea, for he was rather deformed, and had a most forbidding countenance.—C. Dibdin, _History of the Stage_.

_Hubert_, an honest lord, in love with Jac´ulin, daughter of Gerrard, king of the beggars.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Beggar’s Bush_ (1622).

_Hubert_, brother of Prince Oswald, severely wounded by Count Hurgonel, in the combat provoked by Oswald, against Gondibert, his rival for the love of Rhodalind, the heiress of Aribert, king of Lombardy.—Sir W. Davenant, _Gondibert_ (died 1568).

_Hubert_, an archer in the service of Sir Philip de Malvoisin.—Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).

_Hubert (St)_, patron saint of huntsmen. He was son of Bertrand, duc d’Acquitaine, and cousin of King Pepin.

=Huddibras= (_Sir_), a man “more huge in strength than wise in works,” the suitor of Perissa (_extravagance_).—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, ii. 2 (1590).

=Hudibras=, the hero and title of a rhyming political satire, by S. Butler. Sir Hudibras is a Presbyterian justice in the Commonwealth, who sets out with his squire, Ralph (an independent), to reform abuses, and enforce the observance of the laws for the suppression of popular sports and amusements (1663, 1664, 1678).

=Hudjadge=, a shah of Persia, suffered much from sleeplessness, and commanded Fitead, his porter and gardener, to tell him tales to while away the weary hours. Fitead declared himself wholly unable to comply with this request. “Then find some one who can,” said Hudjadge, “or suffer death for disobedience.” On reaching home, greatly dejected, he told his only daughter, Moradbak, who was motherless, and only 14 years old, the shah’s command, and she undertook the task. She told the shah the stories called _The Oriental Tales_, which not only amused him, but cured him, and he married her.—Comte de Caylus, _Oriental Tales_ (1743).

=Hudson= (_Sir Geoffrey_), the famous dwarf, formerly page to Queen Henrietta Maria. Sir Geoffrey tells Julian Peveril how the late queen had him enclosed in a pie and brought to table. Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).

⁂ Vandyke has immortalized Sir Geoffrey by his brush; and some of his clothes are said to be preserved in Sir Hans Sloane’s museum.

_Hudson_ (_Tam_), gamekeeper.—Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=Hugh=, blacksmith at Ringleburn; a friend of Hobbie Elliott, the Heughfoot farmer.—Sir W. Scott, _The Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).

_Hugh_, servant at the Maypole Inn. This giant in stature and ringleader in the “No Popery riots,” was a natural son of Sir John Chester and a gypsy. He loved Dolly Varden, and was very kind to Barnaby Rudge, the half-witted lad. Hugh was executed for his participation in the “Gordon riots.”—C. Dickens, _Barnaby Rudge_ (1841).

_Hugh_ (_Langmuir_), young man from the country, who comes to New York to seek his fortune and gets a clerkship. He becomes attached to an ambitious, but well-meaning girl, and to hasten their marriage, he embezzles one thousand dollars. He confesses it to her and attempts suicide. She pays the money out of her own savings and marries him. They begin the world together humbly and wisely.—Charlotte Dunning, _A Step Aside_ (1886).

=Hugh, Count of Vermandois=, a crusader.—Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).

=Hugh de Brass= (_Mr._), in _A Regular Fix_, by J.M. Morton.

=Hugh of Lincoln=, a boy eight years old, said to have been stolen, tortured and crucified by Jews in 1255. Eighteen of the wealthiest Jews of Lincoln were hanged for taking part in this affair, and the boy was buried in state.

⁂ There are several documents in Rymer’s _Fœdera_ relative to this event. The story is told in the _Chronicles_ of Matthew Paris. It is the subject of the _Prioress’s Tale_ in Chaucer, and Wordsworth has a modernized version of Chaucer’s tale.

A similar story is told of William of Norwich, said to have been crucified by the Jews in 1137.

Percy, in his _Reliques_, i. 3, has a ballad about a boy named Hew, whose mother was “Lady Hew of Merryland” (_? Milan_). He was enticed by an apple, given him by a Jewish damsel, who “stabbed him with a penknife, rolled him in lead, and cast him into a well.”

Werner is another boy said to have been crucified by the Jews. The place of this alleged murder was Bacharach.

=Hugo=, count of Vermandois, brother of Phillippe I. of France, and leader of the Franks in the first crusade. Hugo died before Godfrey was appointed general-in-chief of the allied armies (bk. i.), but his spirit appeared to Godfrey when the army went against the Holy City (bk. xviii.).—Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).

_Hugo_, brother of Arnold; very small of stature, but brave as a lion. He was slain in the faction fight stirred up by Prince Oswald against Duke Gondibert, his rival in the love of Rhodalind, daughter and only child of Aribert, king of Lombardy.

Of stature small, but was all over heart, And tho’ unhappy, all that heart was love. Sir W. Davenant, _Gondibert_, i. 1 (died 1668).

_Hugo_, natural son of Azo, chief of the house of Este (2 _syl._) and Bianca, who died of a broken heart, because, although a mother, she was never wed. Hugo was betrothed to Parisina, but his father, not knowing it, made Parisina his own bride. One night Azo heard Parisina in her sleep confess her love for Hugo, and the angry marquis ordered his son to be beheaded. What became of Parisina “none knew, and none can ever know.”—Byron, _Parisina_ (1816).

=Hugo Hugonet=, minstrel of the earl of Douglas.—Sir W. Scott, _Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.).

=Hugo von Kronfels=. At the age of twenty-two or three, a handsome man with the world before him, has a fall that cripples him hopelessly. He becomes a bitter-thoughted recluse, more feared than beloved by the few who see him, until the sunshine of a young girl’s society and the wholesome talk of a man of the people change the tenor of thought and feeling, teaching him that to live is nobler than to cast away the existence GOD has given.—Blanche Willis Howard, _The Open Door_ (1889).

=Hugon= (_King_), the great nursery ogre of France.

=Huguenot Pope= (_The_). Philippe de Mornay, the great supporter of the French Huguenots, is called _Le Pape des Huguenots_ (1549-1623).

⁂ Of course, Philippe de Mornay was not one of the “popes of Rome.”

=Huguenots= (_Les_), an opera by Meyerbeer (1836). The subject of this opera is the massacre of the French Huguenots or Protestants, planned by Catharine de Medicis on St. Bartholomew’s Day (August 24, 1572), during the wedding festivities of her daughter Margherita (_Marguerite_) and Henri le Bearnais (afterwards Henri IV. of France).

=Hul´sean Lectures=, certain sermons preached at Great St. Mary’s Church, Cambridge, and paid for by a fund, the gift of the Rev. John Hulse, of Cheshire, in 1777.

⁂ Till the year 1860, the Hulsean Lecturer was called “The Christian Advocate.”

=Hull=, (_Dr._). Person of imposing deportment and plausible speech, business-manager of Mrs. Legrand, a spiritualistic medium and imposter.—Edward Bellamy, _Miss Luddington’s Sister_ (1884).

=Humber= or =Humbert=, mythical king of the Huns, who invaded England during the reign of Locrin, some 1000 years B.C. In his flight, he was drowned in the river Abus, which has ever since been called the Humber.—Geoffrey, _British History_, ii. 2; Milton, _History of England_.

=Humgud´geon= (_Grace-be-here_), a corporal in Cromwell’s troop.—Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).

=Humm= (_Anthony_), chairman of the “Brick Lane Branch of the United Grand Junction Ebenezer Temperance Association.”—C. Dickens, _The Pickwick Papers_ (1836).

=Humma=, a fabulous bird, of which it was said that “the head over which the shadow of its wings passes will assuredly wear a crown.”—Wilkes, _South of India_, v. 423.

Belike he thinks The humma’s happy wings have shadowed him, And, therefore, Fate with royalty must crown His chosen head. Southey, _Roderick, etc._, xxiii. (1814).

=Humming-bird=. John James Audubon’s story of the Loves of the Hummingbirds reads like romantic fiction rather than fact. The male, when wooing his bride, feeds her with honey, and fans her with his wings while she sips it. After marriage and during incubation, his tender assiduities are redoubled instead of abated. By John James Audubon, _Ornithological Biography_ (1831).

=Humorous Lieutenant= (_The_), the chief character and title of a comedy by Beaumont and Fletcher (1647). The lieutenant has no name.

=Humpback= (_The_). Andrea Sola´ri, the Italian painter, was called _Del Gobbo_ (1470-1527).

Geron´imo Amelunghi was also called _Il Gobbo di Pisa_ (sixteenth century).

=Humphrey= (_Master_), the hypothetical compiler of the tale entitled “Barnaby Rudge” in _Master Humphrey’s Clock_, by Charles Dickens (1840).

_Humphrey_ (_Old_), pseudonym of George Mogridge.

⁂ George Mogridge has also issued several books under the popular name of “Peter Parley,” which was first assumed by S.G. Goodrich, in 1828. Several publishers of high standing have condescended to palm books on the public under this _nom de plume_, some written by William Martin, and others by persons wholly unknown.

_Humphrey_ (_The good duke_), Humphrey Plantagenet, duke of Gloucester, youngest son of Henry IV., murdered in 1446.

_Humphrey_ (_To dine with duke_), to go without dinner. To stay behind in St. Paul’s aisles, under pretence of finding out the monument of Duke Humphrey, while others more fortunate go home to dinner.

⁂ It was really the monument of John Beauchamp that the “dinnerless” hung about, and not that of Duke Humphrey. John Beauchamp died in 1359, and Duke Humphrey in 1446.

=Huncamunca= (_Princess_), daughter of King Arthur and Queen Dollallolla, beloved by Lord Grizzle and Tom Thumb. The king promises her in marriage to the “pigmy giant-queller.” Huncamunca kills Frizaletta “for killing her mamma.” But Frizaletta killed the queen for killing her sweetheart Noodle, and the queen killed Noodle because he was the messenger of ill news.—_Tom Thumb_, by Fielding, the novelist (1730), altered by O’Hara, author of _Midas_ (1778).

=Hunchback= (_The_). Master Walter, “the hunchback,” was the guardian of Julia, and brought her up in the country, training her most strictly in knowledge and goodness. When grown to womanhood, she was introduced to Sir Thomas Clifford, and they plighted their troth to each other. Then came a change. Clifford lost his title and estates, while Julia went to London, became a votary of fashion and pleasure, abandoned Clifford, and promised marriage to Wilford, earl of Rochdale. The day of espousals came. The love of Julia for Clifford revived, and she implored her guardian to break off the obnoxious marriage. Master Walter now showed himself to be the earl of Rochdale, and the father of Julia; the marriage with Wilford fell through, and Julia became the wife of Sir Thomas Clifford.——S. Knowles, (1831).

⁂ Similarly, Maria, “the maid of the Oaks,” was brought up by Oldworth as his ward, but was in reality his motherless child.—J. Burgoyne, _The Maid of the Oaks_.

_Hunchback_ (_The Little_), the buffoon of the sultan of Casgar. Supping with a tailor, the little fellow was killed by a bone sticking in his throat. The tailor, out of fear, carried the body to the house of a physician, and the physician, stumbling against it, knocked it downstairs. Thinking he had killed the man, he let the body down a chimney into the store-room of his neighbor, who was a purveyor. The purveyor, supposing it to be a thief, belabored it soundly; and then, thinking he had killed the little humpback, carried the body into the street, and set it against a wall. A Christian merchant, reeling home, stumbled against the body, and gave it a blow with his fist. Just then the patrol came up, and arrested the merchant for murder. He was condemned to death; but the purveyor came forward and accused himself of being the real offender. The merchant was accordingly released, and the purveyor condemned to death; but then the physician appeared, and said he had killed the man by accident, having knocked him downstairs. When the purveyor was released, and the physician led away to execution, the tailor stepped up, and told his tale. All were then taken before the sultan, and acquitted; and the sultan ordered the case to be enrolled in the archives of his kingdom amongst the _causes célèbres_.—_Arabian Nights_ (“The Little Hunchback”).

=Hundebert=, steward to Cedric of Rotherwood.—Sir. W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_.

=Hundred Fights= (_Hero of a_), Conn, son of Cormac, king of Ireland. Called in Irish “Conn Keadcahagh.”

Arthur Wellesley, Lord Wellington.

For this is England’s greatest son, He who gained a hundred fights And never lost an English gun.—_Tennyson_. Admiral Horatio, Lord Nelson.

=Hundred-Handed= (_The_). Briar´eos (4 _syl._) or Ægæon, with his brothers Gygês and Kottos, were all hundred-handed giants.

Homer makes Briareos 4 _syl._; but Shakespeare writes it in the Latin form, “Briareus,” and makes it 3 _syl._

Then, called by thee, the monster Titan came, Whom gods Briareös, men Ægēon name. Pope, _Iliad_, 1 (1715).

He is a gouty Briareus. Many hands, And of no use. Shakespeare, _Troilus and Cressida_, act, i. sc. 2 (1602).

=Hundwolf=, steward to the old lady of Baldringham.—Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).

=Hunia´des= (4 _syl._), called by the Turks “The Devil.” He was surnamed “Corvīnus,” and the family crest was a crow (1400-1456).

The Turks employed the name of Huniadês to frighten their perverse children. He was corruptly called “Jancus Lain.”—Gibbon, _Decline and Fall, etc._, xii. 166 (1776-88).

=Hunsdon= (_Lord_), cousin of Queen Elizabeth.—Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Hunter= (_Mr._ and _Mrs. Leo_), persons who court the society of any celebrity, and consequently invite Mr. Pickwick and his three friends to an entertainment in their house. Mrs. Leo Hunter wrote an “Ode to an Expiring Frog,” considered by her friends a most masterly performance.—C. Dickens, _The Pickwick Papers_ (1836).

Can I view thee panting, lying On thy stomach, without sighing; Can I unmoved see thee dying On a log, expiring frog!

Say, have fiends in shape of boys, With wild halloo, and brutal noise, Hunted thee from marshy joys, With a dog, expiring frog! _Ch. xv._

_Hunter_ (_The Mighty_), Nimrod; so called in _Gen._ x. 9.

Proud Nimrod first the bloody chase [_war_] began, A mighty hunter, and his prey was man. Pope, _Windsor Forest_ (1713).

=Huntingdon= (_Robert, earl of_), generally called “Robin Hood.” In 1601 Anthony Munday and Henry Chettle produced a drama entitled _The Downfall of Robert, Earl of Huntingdon_ (attributed often to T. Heywood). Ben Jonson began a beautiful pastoral drama on the subject of Robin Hood (_The Sad Shepherd or A Tale of Robin Hood_), but left only two acts of it when he died (1637). We have also _Robin Hood and His Crew of Souldiers_, a comedy acted at Nottingham, and printed 1661; _Robin Hood_, an opera (1730). J. Ritson edited, in 1795, _Robin Hood: a Collection of Poems, Songs and Ballads relative to that Celebrated English Outlaw_.

_Huntingdon_ (_the earl of_), in the court of Queen Elizabeth.—Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).

_Huntingdon_ (_David, earl of_), prince royal of Scotland. He appears first as Sir Kenneth, knight of the Leopard, and afterwards as Zohauk, the Nubian slave.—Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).

=Huntinglen= (_The earl of_), an old Scotch nobleman.—Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).

=Huntley= (_Earl_), George of Gordon was killed in battle with the troops of the Regent Murray. His body was taken to Holyrood and tried for high treason.

“No word he spake, though thrice adjured; Then came the sentence drear: Foul traitor to thy queen and realm, Our laws denounce thee here.” * * * * * * * * * “Light thing to him that earthly doom, Or man’s avenging rod, Who in the land of souls doth bide The audit of his God.”

Lydia Huntley Sigourney, _The Western Home and Other Poems_ (1854).

=Huntly= (_The Marquis of_), a royalist.—Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).

=Huon=, a serf, secretary and tutor of the Countess Catherine, with whom he falls in love. He reads with music in his voice, talks enchantingly, writes admirably, translates “dark languages,” is “wise in rare philosophy,” is master of the hautboy, lute, and viol, “proper in trunk and limb and feature;” but the proud countess, though she loves him, revolts from the idea of marrying a serf. At length it comes to the ears of the duke that his daughter loves Huon, and the duke commands him, on pain of death, to marry Catherine, a freed serf. He refuses until the countess interferes; he then marries and rushes to the wars. Here he greatly distinguishes himself, and is created a prince, when he learns that the Catherine he has wed is not Catherine, the freed serf, but Catherine the countess.—S. Knowles, _Love_ (1840.)

=Huon de Bordeaux= (_Sir_), who married Esclairmond, and, when Oberon went to paradise, succeeded him as “king of all Faëry.”

In the second part, Huon visits the terrestrial paradise, and encounters Cain, the first murderer, in performance of his penance.—_Huon de Bordeaux_.

⁂ An abstract of this romance is in Dunlop’s _History of Fiction_. See also Keightley’s _Fairy Mythology_. It is also the subject of Wieland’s _Oberon_, which has been translated by Sotheby.

=Hur al Oyûn=, the black-eyed daughters of paradise, created of pure musk. They are free from all bodily weakness, and are ever young. Every believer will have seventy-two of these girls as his household companions in paradise, and those who desire children will see them grow to maturity in an hour.—_Al Korân_, Sale’s notes.

=Hurgonel= (_Count_), the betrothed of Orna, sister of Duke Gondibert.—Sir Wm. Davenant, _Gondibert_, iii. (died 1668).

=Hurry=, servant of Oldworth, of Oldworth Oaks. He is always out of breath, wholly unable to keep quiet or stand still, and proves the truth of the proverb, “The more haste the worse speed.” He fancies everything must go wrong if he is not bustling about, and he is a constant fidget.—J. Burgoyne, _The Maid of the Oaks_.

_Hurry_ (_Harry_), _alias_ Hurry Skurry. Gigantic backwoodsman and hunter, friend of _Deerslayer_, and enamoured of Judith Hutter.—James Fenimore Cooper, _The Deerslayer_.

=Hurtali=, a giant who reigned in the time of the Flood.

The Massorets affirm that Hurtali, being too big to get into the ark, sat astride upon it, as children stride a wooden horse—Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. 1.

(According to Menage, the rabbins say that it was Og, not Hurtali, who thus outrode the Flood.—See Le Pelletier, chap. XXV. of his _Noah’s Ark_.)

=Hush´ai= (2 _syl._), in Dryden’s satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_, is Hyde, earle of Rochester. As Hushai was David’s friend and wise counsellor, so was Hyde the friend and wise counsellor of Charles II. As the counsel of Hushai rendered abortive that of Achitophel, and caused the plot of Absalom to miscarry, so the counsel of Hyde rendered abortive that of Lord Shaftesbury, and caused the plot of Monmouth to miscarry.

Hushai, the friend of David in distress; In public storms of manly steadfastness; By foreign treaties he informed his youth, And joined experience to his native truth. Dryden, _Absalom and Achitophel_, I. (1681).

=Hut´cheon=, the auld domestic in Wandering Willie’s tale.—Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

_Hutcheon_, one of Julian Avenel’s retainers.—Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Hutter= (_Tom_). A trapper, with two handsome daughters, who has built a house upon a long shoal extending far into the _Glimmerglass_ (Lake George). Wary, stolid, old fellow, with a reputation for cunning and skill among the Indians.

_Hutter_ (_Hetty_). “Feeble-minded, but right-thinking and right-feeling girl,” daughter of “Old Tom.” She is hurt by a chance ball in a fight between whites and Indians, and dies, seeing her “mother and bright beings” around her.—James Fenimore Cooper, _The Deer-slayer_.

=Hutin= (_Le_), Louis X. of France; so called from his expedition against the Hutins, a seditious people of Navarre and Lyons (1289, 1314-1316).

=Hy´acinth=, son of Amyclas, the Spartan king. He was playing quoits with Apollo, when the wind drove the quoit of the sun-god against the boy’s head, and killed him on the spot. From the blood grew the flower called hyacinth, which bears on its petals the words, “AI! AI!” (“alas! alas!”).—_Grecian Fable_.

=Hyacinthe= (3 _syl._), the daughter of Seigneur Géronte (2 _syl._). who passed into Tarentum under the assumed name of Pandolphe (2 _syl._). When he quitted Tarentum, he left behind him his wife and daughter Hyacinthe. Octave (2 _syl._), son of Argante (2 _syl._) fell in love with Hyacinthe (supposing her surname to be Pandolphe), and Octave’s father wanted him to marry the daughter of his friend, Seigneur Géronte. The young man would not listen to his father, and declared that Hyacinthe, and Hyacinthe alone, should be his wife. It was then explained to him that Hyacinthe Pandolphe was the same person as Hyacinthe Géronte, and that the choice of father and son were in exact accord.—Molière, _Les Fourberies de Scapin_ (1671).

(In _The Cheats of Scapin_, Otway’s version of this play, Hyacinthe is called “Clara,” her father, Géronte, “Gripe,” and Octave is Anglicized into “Octavian.”).

_Hyacinthe_ (_Father_), Charles Loyson, a celebrated pulpit orator and French theologian (1827-).

=Hyder= (_El_), chief of the Ghaut Mountains; hero and title of a melodrama by Barrymore.

=Hyder Ali Khan Behauder=, the nawaub of Mysore (2 _syl._), disguised as the Sheik Hali.—Sir W. Scott, _The Surgeon’s Daughter_ (time, George II.).

=Hydra= or _Dragon of the Hesperian Grove_. The golden apples of the Hesperian field were guarded by women called the Hesperĭdês, assisted by the hydra or dragon named Ladon.

Her flowery store To thee nor Tempê shall refuse, nor watch Of wingéd hydra guard Hesperian fruits From thy free spoil. Akenside, _Pleasures of Imagination_, i. (1744).

=Hydropsy=, personified by Thomson:

On limbs enormous, but withal unsound, Soft, swoln and wan, here lay pale Hydropsy— Unwieldy man; with belly monstrous round, For ever fed with watery supply, For still he drank, and yet was ever dry. _Castle of Indolence_, i. 73 (1748).

=Hymbercourt= (_Baron d’_), one of the duke of Burgundy’s officers.—Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Hymen=, god of marriage; the personification of the bridal song; marriage.

Till Hymen brought his love-delighted hour, There dwelt no joy in Eden’s rosy bower... The world was sad, the garden was a wild, And man, the hermit, sighed—till woman smiled. Campbell, _Pleasures of Hope_, ii. (1799).

=Hyndman= (_Master_), usher to the council-chamber at Holyrood.—Sir W. Scott, _The Abbott_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Hypatia=. Beautiful and learned pagan, whose school of philosophy was celebrated in Alexandria in 415 A. D. She was torn to pieces in a church by a Christian mob, in the flower of her youth and beauty.—Charles Kingsley, _Hypatia_ (1853).

=Hyperi´on=, the sun. His parents were Cælum and Tellus (_heaven_ and _earth_). Strictly speaking, he was the father of the sun, but Homer uses the word for the sun itself.

When the might Of Hyperi´on from his noon-tide throne Unbends their languid pinions [i.e. _of the winds_]. Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_ (1767).

Blow, gentle Africus, Play on our poops, when Hyperion’s son Shall couch in west. _Fuimus Troes_.

Placat equo Persis radiis Hyperīone sinctum. Ovid, _Fasti_, i, 385.

Shakespeare throws the accent on the antepenult: “Hype´rion to a satyr” (_Hamlet_, act i. sc. 2). In this he is followed by almost all English poets, but as shown above, Akenside returns to the classical accent.

⁂ Keats has left the fragment of a poem entitled _Hyperion_, of which Byron says: “It seems inspired by the Titans, and is as sublime as Æschylus.”

=Hypnos=, god of sleep, brother of Oneiros (_dreams_) and Thanătos (_death_).

In every creature that breathes, from the conqueror, resting on a field of blood, to the nest-bird cradled in its bed of leaves, Hypnos holds a sovereignty which nothing mortal can long resist.—Ouida, _Folle-Farine_, iii. 11.

=Hypochondria=, personified by Thomson:

And moping here, did Hypochondria sit, Mother of spleen, in robes of various dye... And some her frantic deemed, and some her deemed a wit. _Castle of Indolence_, i. 75 (1748).

=Hyp´ocrite= (_The_), Dr. Cantwell, in the English comedy by Isaac Bickerstaff, and Tartuffe in the French comedy by Molière. He pretends to great sanctity, but makes his “religion” a mere trade for getting money, advancing his worldly prospects, and for the better indulgence of his sensual pleasures. Dr. Cantwell is made the guest of Sir John Lambert (in French, “Orgon”), who looks on him as a saint, and promises him his daughter in marriage; but his mercenary views and his love-making to Lady Lambert being at length exposed, Sir John forbids him to remain in the house, and a tipstaff arrests him for a felonious fraud (1768).

=Hyp´ocrites= (_The_). Abdallah ibn Obba and his partisans were so called by Mahomet.

_Hypocrites_ (_The prince of_), Tiberius Cæsar (B. C. 42, 14 to A. D. 37).

=Hyppolito=. (See HIPPOLYTUS.)

=Iachimo= [_Eák´.ĭ.mo_], an Italian libertine. When Posthu´mus, the husband of Imogen, was banished for marrying the king’s daughter, he went to Rome, and in the house of Philario the conversation fell on the fidelity of wives. Posthumus bet a diamond ring that nothing could change the fidelity of Imogen, and Iachimo accepted the wager. The libertine contrived to get into a chest in Imogen’s chamber, made himself master of certain details, and took away with him a bracelet belonging to Imogen. With these vouchers, Iachimo easily persuaded Posthumus that he had won the bet, and Posthumus handed over to him the ring. A battle subsequently ensued, in which Iachimo and other Romans, with Imogen disguised as a page, were made prisoners, and brought before King Cymbeline. Imogen was set free, and told to ask a boon. She asked that Iachimo might be compelled to say how he came by the ring which he had on his finger, and the whole villainy was brought to light. Posthumus was pardoned, and all ended happily—Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_ (1605).

⁂ The tale of _Cymbeline_ is from the _Decameron_ of Boccaccio (day ii. 9), in which Iachimo is called “Ambrose,” Imogen is “Zineura,” her husband, Bernard “Lomellin,” and Cymbeline is the “sultan.” The assumed name of Imogen is “Fidelê,” but in Boccaccio it is “Sicurano da Finale.”

=Ia´go= (3 _syl._), ancient of Othello, commander of the Venetian army, and husband of Emilia. Iago hated Othello, both because Cassio (a Florentine) was promoted to the lieutenancy over his head, and also from a suspicion that the Moor had tampered with his wife; but he concealed his hatred so artfully that Othello felt confident of his “love and honesty.” Iago strung together such a mass of circumstantial evidence in proof of Desdemona’s love for Cassio, that the Moor killed her out of jealousy. One main argument was that Desdemona had given Cassio the very handkerchief which Othello had given her as a love-gift; but in reality Iago had induced his wife Emilia to purloin the handkerchief. When this villainy was brought to light, Othello stabbed Iago; but his actual death is no incident of the tragedy.—Shakespeare, _Othello_ (1611).

The cool malignity of Iago, silent in his resentment, subtle in his designs, and studious at once of his interest and his vengeance,...are such proofs of Shakespeare’s skill in human nature as it would be vain to seek in any modern writer.—Dr. Johnson.

⁂ Bryon, speaking of John P. Kemble, says: “Was not his ’Iago’ perfection—particularly the last look? I was close to him, and I never saw an English countenance half so expressive.”

=Iambic Verse= (_The Father of_), Achil´ochos of Paros (B. C. 714-676).

=Ianthe= (3 _syl._), in _The Siege of Rhodes_, by Sir William Davenant.

Mrs. Betterton was called “Ianthe” by Pepys, in his _Diary_, as having performed that character to his great approval. The old gossip greatly admired her, and praised her “sweet voice and incomparable acting.”—W.C. Russell, _Representative Actors_.

_Ianthe_ (3 _syl._), to whom Lord Byron dedicated his _Childe Harold_, was Lady Charlotte Harley, who was only eleven years old at the time (1809).

=Ibe´ria’s Pilot=. Christopher Columbus. Spain is called “Iberia” and the Spaniards the “Ibe´ri.” The river _Ebro_ is a corrupt form of the Latin word Ibe´rus.

Launched with Iberia’s pilot from the steep, To worlds unknown, and isles beyond the deep. Campbell, _The Pleasures of Hope_, ii. (1799).

=Iblis= (“_despair_”), called Aza´zil before he was cast out of heaven. He refused to pay homage to Adam, and was rejected by God.—_Al Korân_.

“We created you, and afterwards formed you, and all worshipped except Eblis.” ... And God said unto him, “What hindered you from worshipping Adam, since I commanded it?” He answered, “I am more excellent than he. Thou hast created me of fire, but him of clay.” God said, “Get thee down, therefore, from paradise ... thou shalt be one of the contemptible.”—_Al Korân_, vii.

=Ib´rahim= or =L’Illustre Bassa=, an heroic romance of Mdlle. de Scudéri (1641).

=Ice´ni= (_3 syl._), the people of Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridgeshire, and Huntingdonshire. Their metropolis was Venta (_Caistar near Norwich_).—Richard of Cirencester, _Chronicle_, vi. 30.

The Angles, ... allured with ... the fitness of the place Where the Iceni lived, did set their kingdom down ... And the East Angles’ kingdom those English did instile. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613).

=Ida Slater=, daughter of a charlatan calling himself Dr. Hull. She lends herself to his scheme of imposing her upon a rich, superstitious spinster as the materialization of her dead sister until the adopted mother’s kindness and the girl’s love for the dupe’s nephew impel her to confession.—Edward Bellamy, _Miss Luddington’s Sister_ (1884).

=Idalia=, Venus; so called from _Idălĭum_, a town in Cyprus, where she was worshipped.

=Iden= (_Alexander_), a poor squire of Kent, who slew Jack Cade, the rebel, and brought the head to King Henry VI., for which service the king said to him:

Iden, kneel down. Rise up a knight. We give thee for reward a thousand marks; And will that thou henceforth attend on us. Shakespeare, _2 Henry VI._ act v. sc. 1 (1591).

=Idenstein= (_Baron_), nephew of General Kleiner, governor of Prague. He marries Adolpha, who turns out to be the sister of Meeta, called “The Maid of Mariendorpt.”—S. Knowles, _The Maid of Mariendorpt_ (1838).

=Idiot= (_The Inspired_), Oliver Goldsmith. So called by Horace Walpole (1728-1774).

=Idleness= (_The Lake of_). Whoever drank thereof grew instantly “faint and weary.” The Red Cross Knight drank of it, and was readily made captive by Orgoglio.—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, i. (1590).

=Idom´eneus= [_I.dom´.e.nuce_], king of Crete. He made a vow when he left Troy, if the gods would vouchsafe him a safe voyage, to sacrifice to them the first living being that he encountered in his own kingdom. The first living object he met was his own son, and when the father fulfilled his vow, he was banished from his country as a murderer.

⁂ The reader will call to mind Jephthah’s rash vow.—_Judges_ xi.

Agamemnon vowed to Diana to offer up in sacrifice to her the most beautiful thing that came into his possession within the next twelve months. This was an infant daughter named Iphigeni´a; but Agamemnon deferred the offering till she was full grown. The fleet, on its way to Troy, being wind-bound at Aulis, the prophet Calchas told Agamemnon that it was because the vow had not been fulfilled; accordingly Iphigenia was laid on the altar for sacrifice, but Diana interposed, carried the victim to Tauris, and substituted a hind in her place. Iphigenia in Tauris became a priestess of Diana.

⁂ Abraham, being about to sacrifice his son to Jehovah, was stayed by a voice from heaven, and a ram was substituted for the lad Isaac.—_Gen._ xxii.

=Idwal=, king of North Wales, and son of Roderick the Great. (See LUDWAL).

=Idyl= (_An Old Man’s)._ The old man dreams over a checquered life, since the golden days of the beautiful early summer weather, to the time when—

“We sit by our household fires together, Dreaming the dreams of long ago; Then it was balmy summer weather, And now the valleys are laid in snow; Icicles hang from the slippery eaves; The wind blows cold—’tis growing late; Well, well! we have garnered all our sheaves, I and my darling, and we can wait.” Richard Realf (1866).

=Iger´na, Igerne= (_3 syl._), or =Igrayne= (_3 syl._), wife of Gorloïs, duke of Tintag´il, in Cornwall. Igerna married Uther, the pendragon of the Britons, and thus became the mother of Prince Arthur. The second marriage took place a few hours after the duke’s death, but was not made public till thirteen days afterwards.—Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_ (1470).

=Igna´ro=, foster-father of Orgoglio. The old dotard walked one way and looked another. To every question put to him, his invariable answer was, “I cannot tell.”—Spenser, _Faëry Queen_ i. (1590).

⁂ Lord Flint, chief minister of state to one of the sultans of India, used to reply to every disagreeable question, “My people know, no doubt; but I cannot recollect.”—Mrs. Inchbald, _Such Things Are_ (1786).

The Italian witnesses summoned on the trial of Queen Charlotte, answered to almost every question, “non mi ricordo.”

⁂ The “Know-Nothings” of the United States, replied to every question about their secret society, “I know nothing about it.”

=Igna´tius= (_Brother_), Joseph Leycester Lyne, monk of the order of St. Benedict.

_Ignatius (Father)_, the Hon. and Rev. George Spencer, superior of the order of Passionists (1799-1864).

=Ig´noge= (_3 syl._), daughter of Pan´drasus of Greece, given as wife to Brute, mythical king of Britain. Spenser calls her “Inogene” (_3 syl._), and Drayton “Innogen.”—Geoffrey, _British History_, i. 11 (1142).

=I.H.S.= In German, =I= [esus], =H= [eiland], =S= [eligmacher], i.e. _Jesus_, _Saviour_, _Sanctifier_. In Greek, =Ι= [ησους], =Ἡ= [μετερος] =Σ= [οτηρ], i.e. _Jesus, our Saviour_. In Latin, =I= [esus], =H= [ominum], =S= [alvator], i.e. _Jesus, Men’s Saviour_. Those who would like an English equivalent may adopt =J= [esus], =H= [eavenly] =S= [aviour].

The Latin equivalent is attributed to St. Bernardine of Sienna (1347).

=Ilderton= (_Miss Lucy and Miss Nancy_), cousins to Miss Vere.—Sir W. Scott, _The Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).

=Il´iad= (_3 syl._), the tale of the siege of Troy, an epic poem in twenty-four books, by Homer. Menelāos, king of Sparta, received as a guest, Paris, a son of Priam, king of Troy. Paris eloped with Helen, his host’s wife, and Menelaos induced the Greeks to lay siege to Troy, to avenge the perfidy. The siege lasted ten years, when Troy was taken and burned to the ground. Homer’s poem is confined to the last year of the siege.