vii. It has furnished the subject of a host of tragedies: for example,

in _French_, Mairét (1628); Leclerc (1645); Campestron (1683); Chabenon (1769); Laharpe (1786); Leblanc de Guillet (1786); Guiraud (1827); Latour St. Ybars (1845). In _Italian_, Alfieri (1784); in _German_, Lessing (1775); and in _English_, Knowles, (1829).

DOCTOR'S WIFE _(The,)_ a novel by Miss Braddon, adapted from _Madam Bovary_, a French novel.

DOCTORS OF THE CHURCH. The _Greek_ Church recognizes four doctors, viz., St. Athanasius, St. Basil, St. Gregory of Nyssa, and St. John Chrysostom. The _Latin_ Church recognizes St. Augustin, St. Jerome, St. Ambrose and St. Gregory _the Great_.

DODGER _(The Artful_), the sobriquet of Jack Dawkins, an artful thievish young scamp, in the boy crew of Fagin the Jew villain.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_, viii. (1837).

DODINGTON, whom Thomson invokes in his _Summer_, is George Bubb Dodington, lord Melcomb-Regis, a British statesman. Churchill and Pope ridiculed him, while Hogarth introduced him in his picture called the "Orders of Periwigs."

DOD'IPOL, _(Dr.)_, any man of weak intellect, a dotard. Hence the proverb, _Wise as Dr. Dodipoll_, meaning "_not wise at all._"

DODON or rather DODOENS _(Rembert)_ a Dutch botanist (1517-1585), physician to the emperors Maximilian II. and Rudolph II. His works are _Frumentomm et Leguminum Historia; Florum Historia; Purgantium Radicum Herbarum Historia; Stirpium Historia_; all included under the general title of "The History of Plants."

"Of these most helpful herbs yet tell we but few, To those unnumbered sorts, of simples here that grew, Which justly to set down ee'n Dodon short doth fall."

Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xiii. (1613)

DO'DONA in (Epiros), famous for the most ancient oracle in Greece. The responses were made by an old woman called a _pigeon_, because the Greek word _pelioe_ means either old "women" or "pigeons." According to fable, Zeus, gave his daughter Thebê two black pigeons endowed with the gift of human speech: one flew into Libya, and gave the responses in the temple of Ammon: the other into Epiros, where it gave the responses in Dodona.

We are told that the priestess of Dodona derived her answers from the cooing of the sacred doves, the rustling of the sacred trees, the bubbling of the sacred fountain and the tinkling of bells or pieces of metal suspended among the branches of the trees.

And Dodona's oak swang lonely, Henceforth to the tempest only.

Mrs. Browning, _Dead Pan_, 17.

DODS (_Meg_), landlady of the Clachan or Mowbery Arms inn at St. Ronan's Old Town. The inn was once the manse, and Meg Dods reigned there despotically, but her wines were good and her cuisine excellent. This is one of the best low comic characters in the whole range of fiction.

She had hair of a brindled color, betwixt black and grey, which was apt to escape in elf-locks from under her mutch when she was thrown into violent agitation; long skinny hands terminated by stout talons, grey eyes, thin lips, a robust person, a broad though fat chest, capital wind, and a voice that could match a choir of fishwomen.--Sir W. Scott. _St. Ronan's Well_, i (time George III.).

(So good a housewife was this eccentric landlady, that a cookery-book has been published bearing her name; the authoress is Mrs. Johnstone, a Scotchwoman.)

DODSON, a young farmer, called upon by Death on his wedding day. Death told him he must quit his Susan and go with him. "With you!" the hapless husband cried; "young as I am and unprepared?" Death then told him he would not disturb him yet, but would call again after giving him three warnings. When he was 80 years of age, Death called again. "So soon returned!" old Dodson cried. "You know you promised me three warnings." Death then told him that as he was "lame and deaf and blind," he had received his three warnings.--Mrs. Thrale, [Piozzi], _The Three Warnings_.

DODSON AND FOGG (Messrs.), two unprincipled lawyers, who undertake on their own speculation to bring an action against Mr. Pickwick for "breach of promise" and file accordingly the famous suit of "Bardell _v_. Pickwick."--C. Dickens, _The Pickwick Papers_ (1836).

DOE _(John)_ and _Richard Roe_, the fictitious plaintiff and defendant in an action of ejectment. Men of straw.

DOEG, Saul's herdsman, who told him that the priest Abim'elech. had supplied David with food; whereupon the king sent him to kill Abimelech, and Doeg slew priests to the number of four score and five (1 _Samuel_ xxii. 18). In pt. ii. of the satire called _Absalom and Achitophel_, Elkaneh Settle is called Doeg, because he "fell upon" Dryden with his pen, but was only a "herdsman or driver of asses."

Doeg, tho' without knowing how or why, Made still a blundering kind of melody. Let him rail on ... But if he jumbles to one line of sense, Indict him of a capital offense.

Tate, _Absalom and Achitophel_, ii. (1682).

DOG _(Agrippa's)._ Cornelius Agrippa had a dog which was generally suspected of being a spirit incarnate.

_Arthur's Dog_ "Cavall."

_Dog of Belgrade_, the camp suttler, was named "Clumsey."

_Lord Byron's Dog_, "Boatswain." It was buried in the garden of Newstead Abbey.

_Dog of Catherine de Medicis_, "Phoebê," a lap dog.

_Cuthullin's Dog_ was named "Luath," a swift-footed hound.

_Dora's Dog_, "Jip."--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield._

_Douglas's Dog_, "Luffra." _Lady of the Lake._

_Erigonê's Dog_ was "Moera." Erigonê is the constellation _Virgo_, and Moera the star called _Canis_.

_Eurytion's Dog_ (herdsman of Geryon), "Orthros." It had two heads.

_Fingal's Dog_ was named "Bran."

_Geryon's Dogs_. One was "Gargittos" and the other "Orthros." The latter was brother of Cerberos, but it had only two heads. Herculês killed both of Geryon's dogs.

_Landseer's Dog_, "Brutus," introduced by the great animal painter in his picture called "The Invader of the Larder."

_Llewellyn's Dog_ was named "Gelert;" it was a greyhound. (See GELERT).

_Lord Lurgan's Dog_ was named, "Master M'Grath," from an orphan boy who reared it. This dog won three Waterloo cups, and was presented at court by the express desire of Queen Victoria, the very year it died. It was a sporting grey-hound (born 1866, died Christmas Day, 1871).

_Maria's Dog_, "Silvio."--Sterne, _Sentimental Journey._

_Dog of Montargis_. This was a dog named "Dragon," belonging to Aubri de Montdidier, a captain in the French army. Aubri was murdered in the forest of Bondy by his friend, Lieutenant Macaire, in the same regiment. After its master's death the dog showed such a strange aversion to Macaire, that suspicion was aroused against him. Some say he was pitted against the dog, and confessed the crime. Others say a sash was found on him, and the sword knot was recognized by Ursula as her own work and gift to Aubri. This Macaire then confessed the crime, and his accomplice, Lieutenant Landry, trying to escape, was seized by the dog and bitten to death. This story has been dramatized both in French and English.

_Orion's Dogs_; one was named "Arctoph'onos" and the other "Pto-ophagos."

_Punch's Dog_, "Toby."

_Sir W. Scott's Dogs_. His deer-hound was "Maida." His jet-black greyhound was "Hamlet." He had also two Dandy Dinmont terriers.

_Dog of the seven Sleepers_, "Katmir." It spoke with a human voice.

In _Sleary's circus_, the performing dog is called "Merryleys."--C. Dickens, _Hard Times._

(For Actæon's fifty dogs, see _Dictionary of Phrase and Fable_, 234).

_Dog_. The famous _Mount St. Bernard_ dog which saved forty human beings, was named "Barry." The stuffed skin of this noble creature is preserved in the museum at Berne.

_Dog (The)_, Diogenes the cynic (B.C. 412-323). When Alexander encountered him, the young Macedonian king introduced himself with the words, "I am Alexander, surnamed 'the Great.'" To which the philosopher replied, "And I am Diogenês, surnamed 'the Dog.'" The Athenians raised to his memory a pillar of Parian marble, surmounted with a dog, and bearing the following inscription:--

"Say, dog, what guard you in that tomb?" A dog. "His name?" Diogenes. "From far?"

Sinopê, "He who made a tub his home?" The same; now dead, among the stars a star.

_Dog (The Thracian)_, Zo'ilus the grammarian; so called for his snarling, captious criticisms on Homer, Plato, and Isocrates. He was contemporary with Philip of Macedon.

_Dogs_. The two sisters of Zobei'de (3 _syl_.) were turned into little black dogs for casting Zobeide and "the prince" into the sea (See ZOBEIDE).

DOGS OF WAR, Famine, Sword, and Fire:

Then should the warlike Harry, like himself, Assume the port of Mars; and at his heels, Leashed in like hounds, should Famine, Sword, and Fire Crouch for employment.

Shakespeare, _King Henry V_. I chorus (1599).

DOG-HEADED TRIBES (of India), mentioned in the Italian romance of _Gueri'no Meschi'no._

DOGBERRY AND VERGES, two ignorant conceited constables, who greatly mutilate their words. Dogberry calls "assembly" _dissembly_; "treason" he calls _perjury_; "calumny" he calls _burglary_; "condemnation" _redemption_; "respect," _suspect_. When Conrade says, "Away! you are an ass;" Dogberry tells the town clerk to write him down "an ass." "Masters," he says to the officials, "remember I am an ass." "Oh, that I had been writ down an ass!" (act. iv. sc. 2).--Shakespeare, _Much Ado About Nothing_ (1600.)

DOGGET, wardour at the castle of Garde Doloureuse.--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).

DOGGET'S COAT AND BADGE, the great prize in the Thames rowing-match, given on the 1st of August every year. So called from Thomas Dogget, an actor of Drury Lane, who signalized the accession of George I. to the throne by giving annually a waterman's coat and badge to the winner of the race. The Fishmongers' company add a guinea to the prize.

DOILEY _(Abraham)_, a citizen and retired slop-seller. He was a charity boy, wholly without education, but made £80,000 in trade, and is determined to have "a larned skollard for his son-in-law." He speaks of _jomtry_ [geometry], _joklate, jogrify, Al Mater, pinny-forty_, and _antikary doctors_; talks of _Scratchi_ [Gracchi], _Horsi_ [Horatii], a _study of horses_, and so on. Being resolved to judge between the rival scholarship of an Oxford pedant and a captain in the army, he gets both to speak Greek before him. Gradus, the scholar, quotes two lines of Greek, in which the _panta_ occurs four times. "Pantry!" cries the old slop-seller; "you can't impose upon me. I know _pantry_ is not Greek." The captain tries English fustian, and when Gradus maintained that the words are English, "Out upon you for a jackanapes," cries the old man; "as if I didn't know my own mother tongue!" and gives his verdict in favor of the captain.

_Elizabeth Doiley_, daughter of the old slop-seller, in love with Captain Granger. She and her cousin Charlotte induce the Oxford scholar to dress like a _beau_ to please the ladies. By so doing he disgusts the old man, who exclaims, "Oh, that I should ever had been such a dolt as to take thee for a man of larnen'!" So the captain wins the race at a canter.--Mrs. Cowley, _Who's the Dupe_?

DOLL COMMON, a young woman in league with Subtle the alchemist and Face his alley.--B. Jonson, _The Alchemist_ (1610).

Mrs. Pritchard [1711-1768] could pass from "Lady Macbeth" to "Doll Common."--Leigh Hunt.

DOLL TEARSHEET, a "bona-roba." This virago is cast into prison with Dame Quickly (hostess of a tavern in Eastcheap), for the death of a man that they and Pistol had beaten.--Shakespeare, 2 _Henry IV_. (1598).

DOLALLOLLA _(Queen)_, wife of King Arthur, very fond of stiff punch, but scorning "vulgar sips of brandy, gin, and rum." She is the enemy of Tom Thumb, and opposes his marriage with her daughter Huncamunca; but when Noodle announces that the red cow has devoured the pigmy giant-queller, she kills the messenger for his ill-tidings, and is herself killed by Frizaletta. Queen Dollalolla is jealous of the giantess Glundalca, at whom his majesty casts "sheep's eyes."--_Tom Thumb_, by Fielding the novelist (1730), altered by O'Hara, author of _Midas_ (1778).

DOLLA MURREY, a character in Crabbe's _Borough_, who died playing cards.

"A vole! a vole!" she cried; "'tis fairly won." This said, she gently with a single sigh Died.

Crabbe, _Borough_ (1810).

DOLLY. The most bewitching of the Bohemian household described in Frances Hodgson Burnett's _Vagabondia_. Piquante, brave, sonsie, and loving, she bears and smiles through the hardships and vicissitudes of her lot until she loses (as she thinks) the love and trust of "Griff," to whom she had been betrothed for years. Only his return and penitence save her from slipping out of a world that has few nobler women.

DOLLY OF THE CHOP-HOUSE (Queen's Head Passage, Paternoster Row and Newgate Street, London.) Her celebrity arose from the excellency of her provisions, attendance, accommodation, and service. The name is that of the old cook of the establishment.

The broth reviving, and the bread was fair, The small beer grateful and as pepper strong, The beaf-steaks tender, and the pot-herbs young.

DOLLY TRULL. Captain Macheath says she was "so taken up with stealing hearts, she left herself no time to steal anything else."--Gay, _The Beggar's Opera_, ii. I. (1727).

DOLLY VARDEN, daughter of Gabriel Varden, locksmith. She was loved to distraction by Joe Willet, Hugh of the Maypole inn, and Simon Tappertit. Dolly dressed in the Watteau style, and was lively, pretty, and bewitching.--C. Dickens, _Barnaby Rudge_ (1841).

DOL'ON, "a man of subtle wit and wicked mind," father of Guizor (groom of Pollentê the Saracen, lord of "Parlous Bridge"). Sir Ar'tegal, with scant ceremony, knocks the life out of Guizor, for demanding of him "passage-penny" for crossing the bridge. Soon afterwards, Brit'omart and Talus rest in Dolon's castle for the night, and Dolon, mistaking Britomart for Sir Artegal, sets upon her in the middle of the night, but is overmastered. He now runs with his two surviving sons to the bridge, to prevent the passage of Britomart and Talus; but Britomart runs one of them through with her spear, and knocks the other into the river.--Spenser _Faëry Queen_ v. 6 (1596).

DOL'ON AND ULYSSES. Dolon undertook to enter the Greek camp and bring word back to Hector an exact account of everything. Accordingly he put on a wolf's skin and prowled about the camp on all fours. Ulysses saw through the disguise, and said to Diomed, "Yonder man is from the host ... we'll let him pass a few paces, and then pounce on him unexpectedly." They soon caught the fellow, and having "pumped" out of him all about the Trojan plans, and the arrival of Rhesus, Diomed smote him with his falchion on the mid-neck and slew him. This is the subject of bk. x. of the _Iliad_ and therefore this book is called "Dolonia" ("the deeds of Dolon" or "Dolophon'ia", "Dolon's murder").

Full of cunning, like Ulysses' whistle When he allured poor Dolon.

Byron, _Don Juan_, xiii. 105 (1824).

DOLOPA'TOS, the Sicilian king, who placed his son Lucien under the charge of "seven wise masters." When grown to man's estate, Lucien's step-mother made improper advances to him, which he repulsed, and she accused him to the king of insulting her. By astrology the prince discovered that if he could tide over seven days his life would be saved; so the wise masters amused the king with seven tales, and the king relented. The prince himself then told a tale which embodied his own history; the eyes of the king were opened, and the queen was condemned to death.--_Sandabar's Parables_ (French version).

DOMBEY (_Mr._), a purse-proud, self-contained London merchant, living on Portland place, Bryanstone Square, with offices in the City. His god was wealth; and his one ambition was to have a son, that the firm might be known as "Dombey and Son." When Paul was born, his ambition was attained, his whole heart was in the boy, and the loss of the mother was but a small matter. The boy's death turned his heart to stone, and he treated his daughter Florence not only with utter indifference, but as an actual interloper. Mr. Dombey married a second time, but his wife eloped with his manager, James Carker, and the proud spirit of the merchant was brought low.

_Paul Dombey_, son of Mr. Dombey; a delicate, sensitive little boy, quite unequal to the great things expected of him. He was sent to Dr. Blimber's school, but soon gave way under the strain of school discipline. In his short life he won the love of all who knew him, and his sister Florence was especially attached to him. His death is beautifully told. During his last days he was haunted by the sea, and was always wondering what the wild waves were saying.

_Florence Dombey_, Mr. Dombey's daughter; a pretty, amiable, motherless child, who incurred her father's hatred because she lived and throve while her younger brother Paul dwindled and died. Florence hungered to be loved, but her father had no love to bestow on her. She married Walter Gay, and when Mr. Dombey was broken in spirit by the elopement of his second wife, his grandchildren were the solace of his old age.--O. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).

DOM-DANIEL originally meant a public school for magic, established at Tunis; but what is generally understood by the word is that immense establishment, near Tunis, under the "roots of the ocean," established by Hal-il-Mau'graby, and completed by his son. There were four entrances to it, each of which had a staircase of 4000 steps; and magicians, gnomes, and sorcerers of every sort were expected to do homage there at least once a year to Zatanaï [Satan]. Dom-Daniel was utterly destroyed by Prince Habed-il-Rouman, son of the Caliph of Syria.--_Continuation of the Arabian Nights_ "History of Maugraby."

Southey has made the destruction of Dom-Daniel the subject of his _Thalaba_--in fact, Thalaba takes the office of Habed-il-Rouman; but the general incidents of the two tales have no other resemblance to each other.

DOMESTIC POULTRY, in Dryden's _Hind and Panther_, mean the Roman Catholic clergy; so called from an establishment of priests in the private chapel of Whitehall. The nuns are termed "sister partlet with the hooded head" (1687).

DOMINICK, the "Spanish fryar," a kind of ecclesiastical Falstaff. A most immoral, licentious Dominican, who for money would prostitute even the Church and Holy Scriptures. Dominick helped Lorenzo in his amour with Elvi'ra the wife of Gomez.

He is a huge, fat, religious gentleman ... big enough to be a pope. His gills are as rosy as a turkey-cock's. His big belly walks in state before him, like a harbinger; and his gouty legs come limping after it. Never was such a tun of devotion seen.--Dryden, _The Spanish Fryar_, ii. 3 (1680).

DOMINIE SAMPSON. His Christian name is Abel. He is the tutor at Ellangowan House, very poor, very modest, and crammed with Latin quotations. His contsant exclamation is "Prodigious!"

Dominie Sampson is a poor, modest, humble scholar, who had won his way through the classics, but fallen to the leeward in the voyage of life.--Sir. W. Scott; _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

DOM'INIQUE (3 _syl_), the gossiping old footman of the Franvals, who fancies himself quite fit to keep a secret. He is, however, a really faithful retainer of the family.--Th. Holcroft, _The Deaf and Dumb_ (1785).

DOMITIAN A MARKSMAN. The emperor Domitian was so cunning a marksman, that if a boy at a good distance off held up his hand and stretched his fingers abroad, he could shoot through the spaces without touching the boy's hand or any one of his fingers. (See TELL, for many similar marksmen.)--Peacham, _Complete Gentleman_ (1627).

DOMIZIA, a noble lady of Florence, greatly embittered against the republic for its base ingratitude to her two brothers, Porzio and Berto, whose death she hoped to revenge.

I am a daughter of the Traversari, Sister of Porzio and Berto both ... I knew that Florence, that could doubt their faith, Must needs mistrust a stranger's; holding back Reward from them, must hold back his reward.

Robt. Browning, _Luria_, iii.

DON ALPHONSO, son of a rich banker. In love with Victoria, the daughter of Don Scipio; but Victoria marries Don Fernando. Lorenza, who went by the name of Victoria for a time, and is the person Don Alphonso meant to marry, espouses Don Caesar.--O'Keefe, _Castle of Andalusia_.