Act ii. sc. 3.
ANVIL (_The Literary_). Dr. Mayo was so called, because he bore the hardest blows of Dr. Johnson without flinching.
AODH, last of the Culdees, or primitive clergy of Io'na, an island south of Staffa. His wife was Reullu'ra. Ulvfa'gre the Dane, having landed on the island and put many to the sword, bound Aodh in chains of iron, then dragging him to the church, demanded where the "treasures were concealed." A mysterious figure now appeared, which not only released the priest, but took the Dane by the arm to the statue of St. Columb, which fell on him and crushed him to death. After this the "saint" gathered the remnant of the islanders together, and went to Ireland.--Campbell, _Reullura_.
APE (1 _syl._), the pseudonym of M. Pellegrini, the caricaturist of _Vanity Fair_. Dr. Johnson says "_to ape_ is to imitate ludicrously;" whence the adoption of the name.
APEL'LES AND THE COBBLER. A cobbler found fault with the shoe-latchet of one of Apelles' paintings, and the artist rectified the fault. The cobbler, thinking himself very wise, next ventured to criticise the legs; but Apelles said, _Ne sutor ultra crepidam_ ("Let not the cobbler go beyond his last").
Within that range of criticism where all are equally judges, and where Crispin is entitled to dictate to Apelles.--_Encyc. Brit._, Art. "Romance."
_Apelles_. When his famous painting of Venus rising out of the sea (hung by Augustus in the temple of Julius Cæsar) was greatly injured by time, Nero replaced it by a copy done by Dorotheus. This Venus by Apelles is called "Venus Anadyom'-enê," his model (according to tradition) being Campaspê (afterwards his wife).
APEMAN'TUS, a churlish Athenian philosopher, who snarled at men systematically, but showed his cynicism to be mere affectation, when Timon attacked him with his own weapons.--Shakespeare, _Timon of Athens_ (1600).
Their affected melancholy showed like the cynicism of Apemantus, contrasted with the real misanthropy of Timon.--Sir W. Scott.
APIC'IUS, an epicure in the time of Tiberius. He wrote a book on the ways of provoking an appetite. Having spent £800,000 in supplying the delicacies of the table, and having only £80,000 left, he hanged himself, not thinking it possible to exist on such a wretched pittance. _Apicia_, however, became a stock name for certain cakes and sauces, and his name is still proverbial in all matters of gastronomy.
There was another of the name in the reign of Trajan, who wrote a cooking book and manual of sauces.
No Brahmin could abominate your meal more than I do. Hirtius and Apicius would have blushed for it. Mark Antony, who roasted eight whole boars for supper, never massacred more at a meal than you have done.--Cumberland, _The Fashionable Lover_, i. 1 (1780).
APOLLO, son of Jupiter and Latona, and model of masculine beauty. He is the sun, in Homeric mythology, the embodiment of practical wisdom and foresight, of swift and far-reaching intelligence, and hence of poetry, music, etc.
_The Apollo Belvidere_, that is, the Apollo preserved in the Belvidere gallery of the Vatican, discovered in 1503 amid the ruins of An'tium, and purchased by pope Julius II. It is supposed to be the work of Cal'amis, a Greek sculptor of the fifth century B.C.
_The Apollo of Actium_ was a gigantic statue, which served for a beacon.
_The Apollo of Rhodes_, usually called the colossus, was a gigantic bronze statue, 150 feet high, made by Charês, a pupil of Lysippus, and set up B.C. 300.
_Animals consecrated to Apollo_, the cock, the crow, the grasshopper, the hawk, the raven, the swan, and the wolf.
APOLL'YON, king of the bottomless pit; introduced by Bnnyan in his _Pilgrim's Progress_. Apollyon encounters Christian, by whom, after a severe contest, he is foiled (1678).
APOSTLE _or Patron Saint of_--
ABYSSINIANS, St. Frumentius (died 360). His day, October 27. ALPS, Felix Neff (1798-1829). ANTIOCH, St. Margaret (died 275). Her day, July 20. ARDENNES, St. Hubert (656-730). ARMENIANS, Gregory of Armenia (256-331). CAGLIARI (_Sardinia_), St. Efisio. CORFU, St. Spiridion (fourth century). His day, December 14. ENGLISH, St. Augustin (died 607); St. George (died 290). ETHIOPIA, St. Frumentius (died 360). His day, October 27. FRANCONIA, St. Kilian (died 689). His day, July 8. FREE TRADE, Richard Cobden (1804-1865). FRENCH, St. Denis (died 272). His day, October 9. FRISIANS, St. Wilbrod (657-738). GAULS, St. Irenae'us (130-200); St. Martin (316-397). GENTILES, St. Paul (died 66). His days, June 29, January 25. GEORGIA, St. Nino. GERMANY, St. Boniface (680-755). His day, June 5. HIGHLANDERS, St. Colomb (521-597). His day, June 9. HUNGARIANS, St. Anastasius (died 628). His day, January 22. INDIANS, Bartolomé de Las Casas (1474-1566); Rev. John Eliot (1603-1690). INDIES, St. Francis Xavier (1506-1552). His day, December 3. INFIDELITY, Voltaire (1694-1778). IRISH, St. Patrick (372-493). His day, March 17. LIBERTY, Thomas Jefferson, third president of the U.S. (1743-1826). LONDON, St. Paul; St. Michael. Days, January 25, September 29. NETHERLANDS, St. Armand (589-679). NORTH, St. Ansgar (801-864); Bernard Gilpin (1517-1583).
Padua, St. Anthony (1195-1231). His day, June 13. Paris, St. Genevieve (419-512). Her day, January 3. Peak, W. Bagshaw, so called from his missionary labors in Derbyshire (1628-1702). Picts, St. Ninian. Scottish Reformers, John Knox (1505-1572). Sicily (the tutelary deity is) Cerês. Slaves, St. Cyril (died 868). His day, February 14. Spain, St. James the Greater (died 44.) His day, July 24. Temperance, Father Mathew (1790-1856). Venice, St. Mark; St. Pantaleon; St. Andrew Justiniani. St. Mark's day, April 25; St. Pantaleon's, July 27. Wales, St. David (480-544). His day, March 1. Yorkshire, St. Pauli'nus, bishop of York (597-644).
APOSTOLIC FATHERS (_The Five_): Clement of Rome, Barnabas, Hermas, Igna'tius, and Polycarp. All contemporary with the Apostles.
AP'PETIZER. A Scotchman being told that the birds called kittiewiaks were admirable appetizers, ate six of them, and then complained "he was no hungrier than he was before."
AQUARIUS, SAGITTARIUS. Mrs. Browning says that "Aquarius" is a symbol of man _bearing_, and "Sagittarius" of man _combatting_. The passive and active forms of human labor.
_Eve_. Two phantasms of two men. _Adam_. One that sustains, And one that strives, so the ends Of manhood's curse of labor.
E. B. Browning, _A Drama of Exile_ (1851).
A'QUILANT, son of Olive'ro and Sigismunda; a knight in Charlemagne's army. He was called "_black_," and his brother Gryphon "_white_" from the color of their armor.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
A'QUILINE (3 _syl_.), Raymond's steed, whose sire was the wind.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_, vii. (1575).
(Solinus, Columella, and Varro relate how the Lusitanian mares "with open mouth against the breezes held, receive the gales with warmth prolific filled, and thus inspired, their swelling wombs produce the wondrous offspring."--See also Virgil, _Georgics_, in. 266-283.)
AQUIN'IAN SAGE. Juvenal is so called, because he was born at Aqui'num, in Latium (fl. A.D. 100).
ARABEL'LA, an heiress left under the guardianship of justice Day. Abel Day, the son of justice Day, aspires to her hand and fortune, but she confers both with right good will on captain Manly.--T. Knight, _The Honest Thieves_.
ARA'BIA FE'LIX ("_Araby the blest_"). This name is a blunder made by British merchants, who supposed that the precious commodities of India bought of Arab traders were the produce of Arabia.
ARA'BIAN BIRD (_The_), the phoenix, a marvellous man, one _sui generis_.
O Antony! O thou Arabian bird!
Shakespeare, _Antony and Cleopatra_, act iii. sc. 2.
ARACH'NE (3 _syl_.), a spider, a weaver. "Arachnê's labors," spinning or weaving. Arachnê was a Lydian maiden, who challenged Minerva to compete with her in needle tapestry, and Minerva changed her into a spider.
No orifice for a point As subtle as Arachnê's broken woof To enter.
Shakespeare, _Troilus and Cressida_, act v. sc. 2 (1602).
ARAGNOL, the son of Arachnê (the "most fine-fingered of all workmen," turned into a spider for presuming to challenge Minerva to a contest in needlework). Aragnol entertained a secret and deadly hatred against prince Clarion, son of Muscarol the fly-king; and weaving a curious net, soon caught the gay young flutterer, and gave him his death-wound by piercing him under the left wing.--Spenser, _Muiopotmos or The Butterfly's Fate_ (1590).
ARAMIN'TA, the wife of Moneytrap, and friend of Clarissa (wife of Gripe the scrivener).--Sir John Vanbrugh, _The Confederacy_ (1695).
ARANZA (_The duke of_). He marries Juliana, eldest daughter of Balthazar. She is so haughty, arrogant, and overbearing, that after the marriage he takes her to a mean hut, which he calls his home, and pretends to be only a peasant who must work for his living, and gives his bride the household duties to perform. She chafes for a time, but firmness, manliness, and affection win the day; and when the duke sees that she loves him for himself, he leads her to his castle, and reveals to her that the peasant husband is after all the duke of Aranza.--J. Tobin, _The Honeymoon_ (1804).
AR'APHIL or AR'APHILL, the poetic pseudonym of Win. Habington. His lady-love, Miss Lucy Herbert, he calls Castara.
ARAS'PES (3 _syl_.), king of Alexandria, who joined the Egyptian armament against the crusaders.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
ARBA'CES (3 _syl_.), king of Ibe'ria, in the drama called _A King or no King_, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1619).
ARBATE (2 _syl_.), governor of the prince of Ithaca, in Molière's comedy _La Princesse d'Elide_ (1664). In his speech to "Euryle" prince of Ithaca, persuading him to love, he is supposed to refer to Louis XIV., then 26 years of age.
Je dirai que l'amour sied bien à vos pareil ... Et qu'il est malaisé que, sans etre amoureux Un jeune prince soit et grand et généreux.