CHAPTER XV

CONCLUSION

The architecture of the Renaissance not based on consistent principles--Incorrectness of the notion that the Renaissance aberrations in the use of the orders was but a free adaptation of the old elements to new conditions--The ancient architectural forms do not lend themselves to new conditions--Adaptation involves creative changes which wholly transform original elements--Influence of the writings of Vignola and Palladio in recent times--Modern recognition of the arbitrary character of the rules of the formalists--Genuine works of art not produced from rules--A juster sense of the real character of the architecture of the Renaissance shown by a few recent writers 247

ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT

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1. Hagia Theotokos. From Dehio and Bezold 11 2. Aachen. From Dehio and Bezold 11 3. Dome of Pisa 12 4. Dome of Arnolfo 13 5. Section of the Baptistery of Florence 14 6. Dissection of the vault of the Baptistery 15 7. System of the dome of Florence 17 8. Section of the dome of Florence. From Sgrilli 18 9. Part plan of the dome of Florence. From Sgrilli 18 10. Plan of the chapel of the Pazzi 26 11. Section of the vault of the Pazzi chapel 27 12. Interior of the Pazzi chapel 28 13. Façade of the Pazzi chapel 30 14. Badia of Fiesole 32 15. Impost of San Lorenzo 33 16. Crossing pier of San Lorenzo 34 17. Façade of Santa Maria Novella 36 18. Plan of Sant’ Andrea, Mantua 39 19. Façade of Sant’ Andrea, Mantua 40 20. Arch of Septimius Severus 41 21. Temple of Vesta, Tivoli. From Serlio 45 22. San Pietro in Montorio. From Serlio 46 23. Bramante’s dome for St. Peter’s. From Serlio 48 24. Section of the Pantheon. From Fontana 50 25. Plan of Bramante’s dome. From Serlio 51 26. Michael Angelo’s model for the dome of St. Peter’s 54 27. Diagrams of vault construction 56 28. Interior of dome of Salamanca 57 29. Diagrams of vault construction 58 30. Dome of St. Peter’s. From the Report of the Mathematicians 61 31. Plan of St. Peter’s. From Fontana 67 32. Section of aisle of St. Peter’s. From Fontana and Letarouilly 69 33. Pier of Sant’ Agostino 72 34. Façade of Sant’ Agostino 73 35. Exterior of Todi 75 36. Interior of Todi 76 37. Plan of San Biagio 77 38. Interior of San Biagio 78 39. Arcade. From Serlio 79 40. Exterior of San Biagio 80 41. Tower of Santo Spirito 82 42. Santissima Annunziatta, Arezzo 83 43. Vignola’s entablature. From Vignola 85 44. Half plan of Sant’ Andrea. From Vignola 86 45. Section of Sant’ Andrea. From Vignola 87 46. Sant’ Andrea 88 47. Order of Santa Maria degli Angeli 90 48. Plan of the Gesù. From Vignola 91 49. Façade of the Gesù. From Vignola 93 50. Façade of the Gesù, Della Porta. From Vignola 94 51. Pediment of Baalbek 95 52. Tablet from Vignola 96 53. Orders of San Giorgio 98 54. Façade of San Giorgio 99 55. The Redentore 100 56. Window-head of the Mozzi, Florence 103 57. Window-head of Perugia 103 58. Court of the Riccardi 105 59. Façade of the Rucellai 108 60. Window of the Bartolini 110 61. Façade of the Cancelleria 113 62. Portico of the Massini 115 63. Window of the Farnese 117 64. Portal. From Serlio 118 65. Part of façade of the Library of St. Mark 120 66. Corner of the Parthenon 121 67. Roman corner. From Serlio 122 68. Corner of Library of St. Mark 123 69. Window of Palazzo Cornaro 124 70. Part of façade of the Porta del Palio 125 71. Detail of Palazzo Bevilacqua 127 72. Part of the Portico of Vicenza. From Palladio 129 73. Plan of supports, Portico of Vicenza. From Palladio 130 74. Arch of St. Simeon Stylites 131 75. Loggia Bernarda, Vicenza 132 76. Window of Palazzo Branzo 133 77. Niche of the Basilica of Shakka 134 78. Window of the Certosa of Pavia 137 79. Sacristy of San Satiro 139 80. Santa Maria delle Grazie 141 81. East end of Como 143 82. Portal of Como 145 83. Porch of San Zeno 146 84. Portal of San Pietro in Cielo d’Oro 147 85. Window of nave of Como 148 86. Column of San Zaccaria 150 87. Plan of pier of San Salvatore 151 88. Plan of pier of St. Mark’s 151 89. Façade of Santa Maria dei Miracoli 152 90. Part of window of court of the Ducal Palace 155 91. Portal of the Scuola di San Marco. 157 92. Part of the façade of the Scuola di San Rocco 158 93. Window of the Palazzo Contarini 162 94. One bay of basement of the Ospedale Maggiore 164 95. Window of the Palazzo Martinengo 165 96. Roman Arabesque relief 168 97. Renaissance Arabesque relief 169 98. Greek coin, magnified 170 99. Arabesque by Filarete 171 100. Console of pulpit in Santa Croce 172 101. Leafage from the Ghiberti gates 173 102. Pilaster in the National Museum, Florence 174 103. Greek leafage 175 104. Roman leafage 175 105. Leafage of Brunelleschi 176 106. Leafage of Brescia 176 107. Leafage of San Gallo 177 108. Relief of the Scala d’Oro 177 109. Grotesque mask 177 110. Cornice of Blois 181 111. Azay le Rideau 182 112. Portal of Azay le Rideau 183 113. Portal of Châteaudun 185 114. Part of the portal of Chenonceaux 187 115. Part of the court façade of Blois 189 116. Du Cerceau’s print of the Fountain of the Nymphs 195 117. Roman arch. From Serlio 197 118. Part of Du Cerceau’s print of Lescot’s Louvre 198 119. Plan of the Tuileries. From Du Cerceau 201 120. Elevation of the Tuileries. From Du Cerceau 202 121. De l’Orme’s column. From De l’Orme 203 122. De l’Orme’s doorway. From De l’Orme 204 123. Doorway. From Serlio 205 124. Doorway of De l’Orme. From De l’Orme 208 125. Façade of Charleval. From Du Cerceau 210 126. Interior façade of Charleval. From Du Cerceau 212 127. Chimney of Burghley House 217 128. North side of court, Kirby Hall. From Gotch 219 129. Gable of Kirby Hall. From Gotch 220 130. Window of Walterstone Hall. From Gotch 222 131. Impost of Cranborne Manor-House. From Gotch 222 132. Portal of Wollaton Hall. From Gotch 224 133. Basement of Whitehall. From Kent 230 134. Front of old St. Paul’s. From Kent 231 135. Section of Wren’s rejected scheme for St. Paul’s. From Bloomfield 236 136. Section of the dome of St. Paul’s. From Longman 240 137. Vaulting of St. Paul’s 242 138. Crossing pier and impost of St. Paul’s 244 139. Half section of the nave of St. Paul’s. From Longman 245

LIST OF PLATES

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I. The Dome of Florence 16 II. Interior of Sant’ Andrea, Mantua 38 III. The Dome of St. Peter’s 63 IV. The Riccardi Palace 103 V. San Bernardino, Perugia 135 VI. Ducal Palace, Venice 154 VII. Palazzo Corner-Spinelli, Venice 160 VIII. Palazzo del Consiglio, Verona 163 IX. Relief of the Lombardi 169 X. The Banqueting Hall, Whitehall 228 XI. The Dome of St. Paul’s 239 XII. Interior of St. Paul’s 242