iii. 19)--a favourite subject of Christian art, and of our own medieval

writers of Mysteries. [A.S. _hergian_, from A.S. _here_, gen. _herg-es_, an army; Ger. _heer_.]

HARSH, härsh, _adj._ rough: bitter: jarring: abusive: severe: unkind.--_v.t._ HARSH'EN, to render harsh.--_adv._ HARSH'LY.--_n._ HARSH'NESS. [M. E. _harsk_, a northern word; cf. Sw. _härsk_ and Dan. _harsk_, rancid, Ger. _harsch_, hard.]

HART, härt, _n._ the stag or male deer from the age of six years, when the crown or sur-royal antler begins to appear:--_fem._ HIND.--_ns._ HART'EBEEST, HART'BEEST, a South African antelope; HARTS'HORN, the antlers of the red deer: a solution of ammonia, orig. a decoction of the shavings of a hart's horn; HARTS'TONGUE, a genus of widely distributed ferns, one species native to Britain, common in moist woods.--HART OF GREASE, a hart of the season when fat. [A.S. _heort_; Dut. _hert_, Ger. _hirsch_.]

HARUM-SCARUM, h[=a]'rum-sk[=a]'rum, _adj._ flighty: rash.--_n._ a giddy, rash person. [Prob. compounded of _hare_, from the sense of haste and fright, and _scare_.]

HARUSPEX, ha-rus'peks, _n._ (_pl._ HARUS'PICES) a soothsayer or diviner among the Etruscans, and from them adopted by the Romans, who foretold future events from the inspection of the entrails of animals offered in sacrifice--also HARUS'PICE.--_ns._ HARUSPIC[=A]'TION, HARUS'PICY, divination as by a haruspex. [L., from an assumed _haru_, cog. with Sans. _hirâ_, entrails, and L. _spec[)e]re_, to view.]

HARVEST, här'vest, _n._ the time of gathering in the ripened crops: the crops gathered in: fruits: the product of any labour: consequences.--_v.t._ to reap and gather in.--_ns._ HAR'VEST-BUG, -LOUSE, -TICK, a mite or tick of minute size, abundant late in summer, and very troublesome to people with delicate skins; HAR'VESTER, a reaper in harvests; HAR'VEST-FEAST, the feast made at the ingathering of harvest; HAR'VEST-FIELD, a field where a harvest is or has been; HAR'VEST-FLY, in U.S. the popular name for a species of cicada; HAR'VEST-HOME, the bringing home of the harvest: the feast held at the bringing home of the harvest; HAR'VEST-LORD, the head-reaper at the harvest; HAR'VEST-MAN (_B._), a labourer in harvest; HAR'VEST-MOON, the full moon nearest the autumnal equinox, rising nearly at the same hour for several days; HAR'VEST-MOUSE, a very small species of mouse, building its nest in the stalks of growing corn; HAR'VEST-QUEEN, an image of Ceres, the queen or goddess of fruits, in ancient times carried about on the last day of harvest. [A.S. _hærfest_; Ger. _herbs_t, Dut. _herfst_.]

HAS, haz, 3d pers. sing. pres. ind. of _have_.

HASH, hash, _v.t._ to hack: to mince: to chop small.--_n._ that which is hashed: a mixed dish of meat and vegetables in small pieces: a mixture and preparation of old matter: (_Scot._) a stupid fellow.--_adj._ HASH'Y.--MAKE A HASH OF, to spoil or ruin completely; SETTLE A PERSON'S HASH (_slang_), to silence him: to make an end of him. [O. Fr.,--Fr. _hacher_--_hache_, hatchet.]

HASHISH, hash'ish, -[=e]sh, _n._ name given to the leaves of the Indian hemp, from which an intoxicating preparation is made. See BHANG and ASSASSIN. [Ar.]

HASK, hask, _n._ (_Spens._) a fish-basket made of rushes. [Prob. from root of _hassock_.]

HASLET, has'let, _n._ the edible entrails of an animal, esp. the hog.--Also HARS'LET. [O. Fr. _hastelet_, _haste_, a spit--L. _hasta_, a spear.]

HASP, hasp, _n._ a clasp: the clasp of a padlock: a spindle: a skein of yarn.--_v.t._ to fasten with a hasp. [A.S. _hæpse_; Dan. and Ger. _haspe_.]

HASSOCK, has'uk, _n._ a thick cushion used as a footstool or for kneeling on in church: Kentish rag-stone. [A.S. _hassuc_; prob. W. _hesg_, sedge.]

HAST, hast, 2d pers. sing. pres. ind. of _have_.

HASTATE, -D, hast'[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ (_bot._) spear-shaped.--Also HAST'IFORM. [L. _hast[=a]tus_--_hasta_, spear.]

HASTE, h[=a]st, _n._ speed, quickness, a hurry: rashness: vehemence.--_vs.t._ HASTE, HASTEN (h[=a]s'n), to put to speed: to hurry on: to drive forward.--_vs.i._ to move with speed: to be in a hurry:--_pr.p._ h[=a]st'ing, hastening (h[=a]s'ning); _pa.p._ h[=a]st'ed, hastened (h[=a]s'nd).--_n._ HAST'ENER.--_adv._ HAST'ILY.--_n._ HAST'INESS, hurry: rashness: irritability.--_adj._ HAST'Y, speedy: quick: rash: eager: passionate.--_n._ HAST'Y-PUDD'ING, flour, milk, or oatmeal and water porridge.--_adj._ HAST'Y-WIT'TED, rash.--MAKE HASTE, to hasten. [O. Fr. _haste_ (Fr. _hâte_), from Teut.; cf. A.S. _h['æ]st_, Dut. _haast_, Ger. _hast_.]

HAT, hat, _n._ a covering for the head, generally with crown and brim: the dignity of a cardinal, so named from his red hat.--_v.t._ to provide with, or cover with, a hat.--_ns._ HAT'BAND, the ribbon round a hat, often a mourning-band; HAT'-BOX, a box in which a hat is carried; HAT'-PEG, -RACK, -RAIL, -STAND, &c., a contrivance on which hats are hung.--_adj._ HAT'TED, covered with a hat.--_ns._ HAT'TER, one who makes or sells hats: a miner who works by himself; HAT'TING, giving a hat; HAT'-TRICK, any conjurer's trick with a hat: a House of Commons mode of securing a seat by placing one's hat on it: in cricket, the feat of a bowler who takes three wickets by three successive balls--deserving a new hat.--CHIMNEY-POT, COCKED, and CRUSHED HAT (see CHIMNEY, COCK, CRUSH).--HANG UP ONE'S HAT (see HANG); MAD AS A HATTER, completely insane: very angry; PASS ROUND THE HAT, to beg for contributions, to take up a collection. [A.S. _hæt_, Dan. _hat_.]

HATCH, hach, _n._ a door with an opening over it, a wicket or door made of cross-bars; the covering of a hatchway.--_v.t._ to close as with a hatch.--_ns._ HATCH'-BOAT, a kind of half-decked fishing-boat; HATCH'WAY, the opening in a ship's deck into the hold, or from one deck to another.--UNDER HATCHES, below deck, off duty, under arrest. [A.S. _hæc_, a gate; Dut. _hek_, a gate.]

HATCH, hach, _v.t._ to produce, especially from eggs, by incubation: to originate: to plot.--_v.i._ to produce young: to be advancing towards maturity.--_n._ act of hatching: brood hatched.--_ns._ HATCH'ER, one who, or that which, hatches; HATCH'ERY, a place for hatching eggs, esp. those of fish, by artificial means.--COUNT THE CHICKENS BEFORE THEY ARE HATCHED, to depend too securely on some future and uncertain event. [Early M. E. _hacchen_, from an assumed A.S. _hæccean_; cf. Mid. High Ger. _hecken_, Sw. _häcka_.]

HATCH, hach, _v.t._ to shade by minute lines crossing each other in drawing and engraving.--_n._ HATCH'ING, the mode of so shading. [O. Fr. _hacher_, to chop.]

HATCHEL, hach'el, _n._ and _v._ Same as HACKLE.

HATCHET, hach'et, _n._ a small axe used by one hand.--_adjs._ HATCH'ET-FACED, having a thin, sharp-featured face; HATCH'ETY, like a hatchet.--BURY THE HATCHET, to put an end to war, from the habit of the North American Indians. [Fr. _hachette_, _hacher_, to chop.]

HATCHMENT, hach'ment, _n._ the arms of a deceased person within a black lozenge-shaped frame, meant to be placed on the front of his house. [Corrupted from _achievement_.]

HATE, h[=a]t, _v.t._ to dislike intensely: to dislike: to despise relatively to something else.--_n._ extreme dislike: hatred.--_adjs._ HATE'ABLE, deserving to be hated; HATE'FUL, exciting hate: odious: detestable: feeling or manifesting hate.--_adv._ HATE'FULLY.--_ns._ HATE'FULNESS; HAT'ER; HAT'RED, extreme dislike: enmity: malignity. [A.S. _hete_, hate, _hatian_, to hate; Ger. _hasz_.]

HATE, HAET, h[=a]t, _n._ (_Scot._) a whit.

HATHOR, hath'or, _n._ name of an Egyptian goddess, ranked among the second class of deities, who was the daughter of Ra, the sun.

HATTER, hat'[.e]r, _v.t._ to trouble, annoy: to batter.

HATTI, hat'i, _n._ a Turkish decree of the highest authority, differing from a firman in being signed by the Sultan himself--in full, HATTI-SHERIF (sher-[=e]f').

HAUBERK, haw'b[.e]rk, _n._ a tunic, worn by the Norman soldiers, covered with rings or mascles, reaching to the knees, slit at the sides or in the front and back for convenience in riding, though sometimes ending in short trousers, originally a piece of armour for the neck. [O. Fr. _hauberc_--Old High Ger. _halsberg_--_hals_, neck, _bergan_, to protect.]

HAUGH, häh, _n._ (_Scot._) a level plain, generally near a river. [A.S. _healh_, _halh_, a corner.]

HAUGHTY, haw'ti, _adj._ proud: arrogant: contemptuous: (_arch._) bold: (_Spens._) high--Shakespeare has HAUGHT.--_adv._ HAUGHT'ILY.--_n._ HAUGHT'INESS. [O. Fr. _halt_, _haut_, high--L. _altus_, high.]

HAUL, hawl, _v.t._ to drag: to pull with violence.--_v.i._ to tug, to try to draw something: to alter a ship's course, to sail generally.--_n._ a pulling: a draught, as of fishes: a source of interest or profit.--_ns._ HAUL'AGE, act of hauling: charge for hauling or pulling a ship or boat; HAUL'ER, HAUL'IER.--HAUL OVER THE COALS (see COAL); HAUL OFF, or ROUND, to turn a ship's course away from an object; HAUL UP, to come or bring to rest after hauling. [_Hale_.]

HAULD, häld, a Scotch form of _hold_, as in the prov. phrase, 'out of house and hauld'=homeless and completely destitute.

HAULM. See HALM.

HAULT, hawlt, _adj._ (_Spens._). HAUGHTY.

HAUNCH, hawnsh, _n._ the fleshy part of the hip and buttock: (_Shak._) the hip, the hind-part, the rear: (_archit._) the middle part between the vertex or crown and the springing of an arch.--_adjs._ HAUNCH'LESS; HAUNCH'Y. [O. Fr. _hanche_; prob. Ger., Old High Ger. _anchâ_, leg.]

HAUNCH, hawnsh, _v.t._ (_prov._) to throw with an underhand movement.--_n._ a jerked underhand throw.

HAUNT, hawnt, _v.t._ to frequent: to follow importunately: to intrude upon continually: to inhabit or visit as a ghost.--_v.i._ to be much about: to appear or visit frequently.--_n._ a place much resorted to: (_Shak._) habit of frequenting.--_p.adj_ HAUNT'ED, frequented, infested, esp. by ghosts or apparitions.--_n._ HAUNT'ER.--_adv._ HAUNT'INGLY. [O. Fr. _hanter_; acc. to Littré, a corr. of L. _habit[=a]re_.]

HAUSTELLUM, haws-tel'um, _n._ the sucking organ or proboscis of an insect or a crustacean:--_pl._ HAUSTELLA.--_adj._ HAUS'TELLATE, provided with such.

HAUSSMANNIZE, hows'man-[=i]z, _v.t._ to open out, widen, and straighten streets, and generally rebuild, as Baron _Haussmann_ did to Paris when prefect of the Seine (1853-70).--_n._ HAUSSMANNIZ[=A]'TION.

HAUSTORIUM, haws-t[=o]'ri-um, _n._ a small sucker of a parasitic plant, penetrating the tissues of the host:--_pl._ HAUST[=O]'RIA.

HAUTBOY, h[=o]'boi, _n._ an older form of Oboe (q.v.): a large kind of strawberry. [Fr. _hautbois_--_haut_, high, _bois_, wood.]

HAUTEUR, h[=o]-t[=a]r', _n._ haughtiness: arrogance.--_adj._ HAUT (_Milt._), haughty.--_ns._ HAUT-GOÛT, flavour, spice, a taint: a highly seasoned dish; HAUT-PAS, a dais; HAUT'-RELIEF', high relief.--HAUT TON, high fashion, people of high fashion. [Fr.]

HAÜYNE, hä'win, _n._ a rock-forming mineral, a silicate of alumina and soda or lime, with sodium and calcium sulphate. [Named from René Just _Haüy_, a French mineralogist (1743-1822).]

HAVANA, ha-van'a, _n._ a fine quality of cigar, named from _Havana_, the capital of Cuba, fondly supposed to be made there.--Also HAVANN'A(H).

HAVE, hav, _v.t._ to own or possess: to hold, contain: to hold control of: to grasp the meaning of: to allow to be done, to cause: to regard, hold in opinion, esteem: to obtain: to enjoy: to bear or beget: to effect: to be affected by: to get the better of, outwit, to have hold upon:--_pr.p._ hav'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ had.--_ns._ HAV'ER, one who has or possesses, a holder: (_Scots law_) a term to denote the person in whose custody a document is; HAV'ING, act of possessing: possession, estate: behaviour: (_Scot._ esp. in _pl._) good manners.--_adj._ greedy.--Have as good, lief, to be as willing; HAVE AT, attack, thrust; HAVE DONE (_with_), to come to the end of one's dealings; HAVE IT OUT, to have something finally settled; HAVE ON, to wear; HAVE RATHER, to prefer; HAVE UP, to call to account before a court of justice, &c. [A.S. _habban_, pa.t. _hæfde,_ pa.p. _gehæfd_; Ger. _haben_, Dan. _have_.]

HAVELOCK, hav'lok, _n._ a white cover for a military cap, with a long rear flap as a protection from the sun. [From Gen. Henry _Havelock_, 1795-1857.]

HAVEN, h[=a]'vn, an inlet of the sea, or mouth of a river, where ships can get good and safe anchorage: any place of safety: an asylum.--_v.t._ to shelter.--_p.adj._ H[=A]'VENED, sheltered, as in a haven. [A.S. _hæfen_; Dut. _haven_, Ger. _hafen_.]

HAVER, h[=a]v'[.e]r, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to talk nonsense, or foolishly.--_n._ HAV'EREL, a foolish person.--_n.pl._ HAV'ERS, foolish talk.

HAVERSACK, hav'[.e]r-sak, _n._ a bag of strong linen for a soldier carrying his rations in.--_n._ HAV'ER (_prov._), oats. [Fr. _havresac_--Ger. _habersack_, oat-sack--_haber_, _hafer_, oats.]

HAVERSIAN, hav-er'si-an, _adj._ pertaining to or named after Clopton _Havers_, a 17th-cent. English anatomist who investigated the blood-vascular system of bone.

HAVILDAR, hav'il-dar, _n._ the highest rank of non-commissioned officer among native troops in India and Ceylon. [Pers.]

HAVIOUR, h[=a]v'[=u]r, _n._ (_obs._) behaviour.

HAVOC, hav'ok, _n._ general waste or destruction: devastation.--_v.t._ to lay waste.--_interj._ an ancient hunting or war cry. [O. Fr. _havot_, plunder, of Teut. origin.]

HAW, haw, _n._ a hedge or enclosure: a field: the berry of the hawthorn.--_ns._ HAW'-BUCK, a clown; HAW'FINCH, the common grosbeak; HAW'THORN, a shrub or small tree, much planted both for hedges and for ornament: the white flower of the hawthorn. [A.S. _haga_, a yard or enclosure; Dut. _haag_, a hedge, Ger. _hag_, a hedge, Ice. _hagi_, a field.]

HAW, haw, _v.i._ to speak with hesitation or a drawling manner, real or affected--hence _adj._ HAW-HAW, in an affected tone of voice.--_n._ a hesitation in speech: loud vulgar laughter.--_v.i._ to guffaw, to laugh boisterously. [Imit.]

HAW, haw, _n._ the nictitating membrane or third eyelid, as of a horse; also a disease of this membrane.

HAWK, hawk, _n._ the name of several birds of prey allied to the falcons: a rapacious person.--_v.i._ to hunt birds with hawks trained for the purpose: to attack on the wing.--_ns._ HAWK'-BELL, a small bell attached to a hawk's leg; HAWK'BIT, a genus of plants of order _Compositæ_, closely related to the dandelion; HAWK'ER.--_adj._ HAWK'-EYED.--_n._ HAWK'ING.--_adj._ HAWK'ISH.--_n._ HAWK'-MOTH, a very large kind of moth, so called from its hovering motion.--_adj._ HAWK'-NOSED, having a nose like a hawk's beak.--_ns._ HAWKS'BEARD, a genus of annual and biennial plants of order _Compositæ_, closely related to hawkweed; HAWK'WEED, a genus of perennial plants of order _Compositæ_.--KNOW A HAWK FROM A HANDSAW (prob. for _hernshaw_), to be able to judge between things pretty well. [A.S. _hafoc_; Dut. _havik_, Ger. _habicht_, Ice. _haukr_.]

HAWK, hawk, _v.i._ to force up matter from the throat.--_n._ the effort to do this. [_Imit._]

HAWK, hawk, _n._ a plasterer's tool.

HAWKED, hawkt, _adj._ (_Scot._) spotted, streaked.--_ns._ HAW'KEY, HAW'KIE, a dark cow with white-striped face.

HAWKER, hawk'[.e]r, _n._ one who carries about goods for sale on his back, a pedlar.--_v.t._ HAWK, to carry about for sale: to cry for sale. [Cf. Low Ger. and Ger. _höker_, Dut. _heuker_.]

HAWM, hawm, _v.i._ (_prov._) to lounge about.

HAWSE, hawz, _n._ the part of a vessel's bow in which the hawse-holes are cut.--_n.pl._ HAWSE'-HOLES, the holes in a ship's bow through which the cables pass.--_ns._ HAWSE'-PIPE, an iron pipe fitted into a hawse-hole, to save the wood; HAWSE'-TIM'BER, one of the upright timbers in the bow in which the hawse-holes are cut. [Ice. _háls_, the neck.]

HAWSER, häz'[.e]r, _n._ a small cable, a large rope used in warping.--_adj._ HAWS'ER-LAID, made of three small ropes laid up into one. [O. Fr. _haucier_, _haulser_, to raise--Low L. _altiare_--L. _altus_, high.]

HAWTHORN. See HAW.

HAY, h[=a], _n._ grass cut down and dried for fodder.--_ns._ HAY'COCK, a conical pile of hay in the field; HAY'-F[=E]'VER, an ailment mostly met with in early summer, marked by excessive irritation of the nose, throat, &c., and accompanied with violent sneezing and intense headache--also called HAY'-ASTH'MA; HAY'FIELD, a field where hay is made; HAY'-FORK, a long-handled fork used in turning over hay to dry, or in lifting it; HAY'-KNIFE, a broad knife, with a handle set cross-wise at one end, used for cutting hay from a stack; HAY'-LOFT, a loft in which hay is kept; HAY'-MAK'ER, one employed in cutting and drying grass for hay: (_pl._) a kind of country-dance; HAY'-MAK'ING; HAY'-MOW, a rick of hay: a mass of hay stored in a barn; HAY'-RICK, a pile of hay; HAY'-STACK, a stack of hay; HAY'-TED'DER, a machine for scattering hay and exposing it to the sun and air.--LOOK FOR A NEEDLE IN A HAY-STACK, to look for something where it is barely possible to be found; MAKE HAY, to throw things into confusion; MAKE HAY WHILE THE SUN SHINES, to seize a favourable opportunity. [A.S. _híeg_, _híg_, _hég_; Ger. _heu_, Dut. _hooï_, Ice. _hey_.]

HAY, h[=a], _n._ a hedge, fence.--_n._ HAY'-WARD, one who herded the common cattle of a town. [A.S. _hege_--_haga_, a hedge.]

HAY, h[=a], _n._ (_Shak._) a home-thrust in fencing. [It. _hai_, _avere_--L. _hab[=e]re_, to have.]

HAY, h[=a], _n._ a country-dance with winding movement.

HAZARD, haz'ard, _n._ a game played with a dice-box and two dice by any number of players: chance: accident: risk: (_billiards_) the pocketing of the object ball (_winning_ hazard), of the player's own ball after contact (_losing_ hazard): (_tennis_) the side of the court into which the ball is served: (_golf_) a general term for all difficulties on a golf-links--bunkers, long grass, roads, water, whins, &c.--_v.t._ to expose to chance: to risk: to venture.--_v.i._ to run a risk.--_adj._ HAZ'ARDABLE.--_n._ HAZ'ARDISE (_Spens._), hazard.--_adj._ HAZ'ARDOUS, dangerous: perilous: uncertain.--_adv_. HAZ'ARDOUSLY.--_ns._ HAZ'ARDOUSNESS; HAZ'ARDRY (_Spens._), playing at games of hazard or chance: rashness; CHICK'EN-HAZ'ARD, a game of chance with very small stakes. [O. Fr. _hasard_; prob. through the Sp. from Arab. _al z[=a]r_, the die; but Littré favours William of Tyre's derivation from _Hasart_, a castle in Syria, where the game was discovered during the Crusades.]

HAZE, h[=a]z, _n._ vapour which renders the air thick: obscurity.--_v.i._ to form a haze.--_adv._ HAZ'ILY.--_n._ HAZ'INESS.--_adj._ HAZ'Y, thick with haze: obscure: confused (of the mind). [App. not the A.S. _hasu_, _haswe_, gray; prob. Ice. _höss_, gray.]

HAZE, h[=a]z, _v.t._ to vex with needless tasks: to play tricks upon, to bully.--_ns._ HAZ'ER, a player of boorish pranks and practical jokes; HAZ'ING, brutal horse-play. [O. Fr. _haser_, to annoy.]

HAZEL, h[=a]'zl, _n._ a bush or small tree of genus _Corylus_, of the oak family (_Cupuliferæ_), yielding an ovoid bony nut enclosed in a leafy involucre.--_adj._ pertaining to the hazel: of a light-brown colour, like a hazel-nut.--_n._ H[=A]'ZELINE, an alcoholic distillate from the Witch Hazel.--_adj._ H[=A]'ZELLY, light brown like the hazel-nut.--_n._ H[=A]'ZEL-NUT, the nut of the hazel-tree. [A.S. _hæsel_; Ger. _hasel_, Ice. _hasl_, L. _corulus_.]

HE, h[=e], _pron._ of the third person: the male person named before: a male person or animal.--_adj._ male. [A.S. _hé_; Dut. _hij_, Ice. _hann_.]

HEAD, hed, _n._ the uppermost or foremost part of an animal's body: the brain: the understanding: a chief or leader: the place of honour or command: the front or top of anything: an individual animal or person: a topic or chief point of a discourse: a title, heading: the source or spring: height of the source of water: highest point of anything: culmination: a cape: strength: a froth on beer, porter, &c., when poured into a glass.--_v.t._ to act as a head to, to lead or govern: to go in front of: to commence: to check: (_naut._) to be contrary: (_obs._) to behead.--_v.i._ to grow to a head: to originate: to go head foremost.--_n._ HEAD'ACHE, an internal pain in the head.--_adj._ HEAD'ACHY, afflicted with headaches.--_ns._ HEAD'BAND, a band or fillet for the head: the band at each end of a book: a thin slip of iron on the tympan of a printing-press; HEAD'-BLOCK, in a sawmill carriage, a cross-block on which the head of the log rests: a piece of wood in a carriage, connected with the spring and the perches, and joining the fore-gear and the hind-gear; HEAD'-BOARD, a board placed at the head of anything, esp. a bedstead; HEAD'-BOOM, a jib-boom or a flying jib-boom; HEAD'BOR'OUGH, an old term for the head of a borough, the chief of a frank pledge, tithing, or decennary; HEAD'-BOY, the senior boy in a public school; HEAD'CHAIR, a high-backed chair with a rest for the head; HEAD'-CHEESE, pork-cheese, brawn; HEAD'-CHUTE, a canvas tube used to convey refuse matter from a ship's bows down to the water; HEAD'-CLOTH, a piece of cloth covering the head, wound round a turban, &c.; HEAD'-DRESS, an ornamental dress or covering for the head, worn by women.--_p.adj._ HEAD'ED, having a head: (_Shak._) come to a head.--_ns._ HEAD'ER, one who puts a head on something: a dive, head foremost, into water: a brick laid lengthwise along the thickness of a wall, serving as a bond: a heavy stone extending through the thickness of a wall; HEAD'-FAST, a rope at the bows of a ship used to fasten it to a wharf, &c.; HEAD'-FRAME, the structure over a mine-shaft supporting the head-gear or winding machinery; HEAD'-GEAR, gear, covering, or ornament of the head; HEAD'-HUNT'ING, the practice among the Dyaks of Borneo, &c., of making raids to procure human heads for trophies, &c.--_adv._ HEAD'ILY.--_ns._ HEAD'INESS; HEAD'ING, the act of furnishing with a head; that which stands at the head: material forming a head; HEAD'LAND, a point of land running out into the sea: a cape.--_adj._ HEAD'LESS, without a head.--_ns._ HEAD'-LIGHT, a light carried in front of a vessel, locomotive, or vehicle, as a signal, or for light; HEAD'-LINE, the line at the head or top of a page containing the folio or number of the page: (_pl._) the sails and ropes next the yards (_naut._).--_adv._ HEAD'LONG, with the head foremost or first: without thought, rashly: precipitately.--_adj._ rash: precipitous, steep.--_adj._ HEAD'-LUGGED (_Shak._), lugged or dragged along by the head.--_ns._ HEAD'-MAN, a chief, a leader; HEAD'MARK, a characteristic peculiar to a certain class; HEAD'-MAS'TER, the principal master of a school; HEAD'-MOLD, the skull proper: (_archit._) a moulding round or over the head of a door, &c.; HEAD'-MONEY, a tax counted per head: a reward by the head for persons captured at sea, &c.: a reward for a proscribed outlaw's head.--_adj._ HEAD'MOST, most advanced, or forward.--_ns._ HEAD'-NOTE, a note placed at the head of a chapter or page, esp. a condensed statement of points of law involved introductory to the report of a legal decision; HEAD'PIECE, a helmet: a hat: head, intelligence: (_print._) a decorative engraving placed at the top of the first page of a volume, and at the beginning of books, chapters, &c.; HEAD'-PUMP, a small pump at a ship's bows to pump up sea-water for washing decks.--_n.pl._ HEAD'QUARTERS, the quarters or residence of a commander-in-chief or general.--_ns._ HEAD'-RACE, the race which brings the water to a water-wheel; HEAD'-REACH, the distance to windward made by a vessel while tacking.--_v.i._ to shoot ahead, in tacking.--_ns._ HEAD'-REST, a support for the head, esp. the adjustable apparatus of the barber's chair, and that used by the photographer to steady the sitter's head; HEAD'-RING, a palm-leaf ornament worn by Kaffir men in their hair after marriage; HEAD'-SHAKE, a significant shake or motion of the head; HEAD'-SHIP, the office of a head or chief authority: dignity; HEADS'MAN, a man who cuts off heads: an executioner; HEAD'STALL, the part of a bridle round the head; HEAD'-ST[=A]'TION, the dwelling-house, &c., on an Australian sheep or cattle station; HEAD'-STICK (_print._), a straight piece of furniture placed at the head of a form, between the chase and the type; HEAD'STONE, the principal stone of a building: the corner-stone: the stone at the head of a grave; HEAD'-STREAM, the highest of the streams which combine to form a river.--_adj._ HEAD'STRONG, self-willed: obstinate.--_ns._ HEAD'-TIRE, a head-dress; HEAD'-WA'TER, the highest part of a stream, before receiving affluents; HEAD'WAY, motion ahead, esp. of a ship; HEAD'-WIND, a wind blowing right against a ship's head; HEAD'-WORD, a title word or heading usually in distinctive type; HEAD'-WORK, intellectual labour.--_adj._ HEAD'Y, affecting the head or the brain: intoxicating: inflamed: rash: violent.--HEAD AND EARS, with the whole person: completely; HEAD AND SHOULDERS, very much, as if taller by a head and shoulders: violently; HEAD FOREMOST, with the head first, esp. of falling from a height; HEAD OR TAIL, the side of a coin with the sovereign's head, or the reverse: a phrase used in tossing up a coin to decide a point ('to make neither head nor tail of anything'--to be unable to understand it); HEAD OVER HEELS, in a somersault.--COME TO A HEAD, to reach a climax; EAT ONE'S HEAD OFF, to be consumed with mortification; GO BY THE HEAD, to sink head foremost; HAVE A HEAD ON ONE'S SHOULDERS, to have brains or ability; HEAD OFF, to prevent by some counteraction; LOSE ONE'S HEAD, to become very much excited: to lose presence of mind; MAKE HEAD AGAINST, to resist successfully: to advance; OFF ONE'S HEAD, demented, crazy; OUT OF ONE'S OWN HEAD, spontaneously; OVER HEAD AND EARS, deeply engrossed; TURN A PERSON'S HEAD (see TURN). [A.S. _héafod_, Dut. _hoofd_, Ger. _haupt_.]

HEAL, h[=e]l, _v.t._ to make whole and healthy: to cure: to remove or subdue what is evil: to restore to soundness, to remedy, repair.--_v.i._ to grow sound:--_pr.p._ heal'ing; _pa.p._ healed.--_adj._ HEAL'ABLE.--_ns._ HEAL'ER; HEAL'ING, the act or process by which anything is healed or cured: the power to heal.--_adj._ tending to cure, mild.--_adv._ HEAL'INGLY.--_adj._ HEAL'SOME (_Scot._), wholesome. [A.S. _h['æ]lan_, _hál_, whole; cf. Ger. _heil_, Dut. _heel_, Ice. _heill_; also Eng. _hail_, _hale_, _whole_.]

HEALD, h[=e]ld, _n._ the same as Heddle (q.v.).

HEALTH, helth, _n._ wholeness or soundness of body: general state of the body, as in 'ill health,' 'good health,' soundness and vigour of mind: a toast, as 'to drink one's health'--to drink to the health of: (_B._) salvation, or divine favour.--_adj._ HEALTH'FUL, full of or enjoying health: indicating health: wholesome: salutary.--_adv._ HEALTH'FULLY.--_n._ HEALTH'FULNESS.--_adv._ HEALTH'ILY.--_n._ HEALTH'INESS.--_adj._ HEALTH'LESS, sickly, ailing.--_ns._ HEALTH'LESSNESS; HEALTH'-RESORT', a place to which people go for the good of their health.--_adjs._ HEALTH'SOME (_Shak._), healthy, wholesome; HEALTH'Y, in a state of good health: conducive to health: sound in body or mind: vigorous. [A.S. _hælth_--_hál_, whole.]

HEAP, h[=e]p, _n._ a pile or mass heaved or thrown together: a great number of things, a great deal, a collection: (_B._) a ruin.--_v.t._ to throw in a heap or pile: to amass: to pile above the top:--_pr.p._ heap'ing; _pa.p._ heaped.--_adj._ HEAP'Y, full of heaps.--A HEAP, a good many; KNOCK ALL OF A HEAP, to confound utterly. [A.S. _héap_: Ice. _hópr_, Ger. _haufe_, Dut. _hoop_.]

HEAR, h[=e]r, _v.t._ to perceive by the ear: to comprehend: to listen to: to grant or obey: to answer favourably: to attend to: to try judicially: to be a hearer of: (_Milt._) to be called.--_v.i._ to have the sense of hearing: to listen: to be told:--_pr.p._ hear'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ heard (h[.e]rd).--_ns._ HEAR'ER; HEAR'ING, act of perceiving by the ear: the sense of perceiving sound: opportunity to be heard: audience: judicial investigation and hearing of arguments, esp. of trial without a jury: reach of the ear: (_coll._) a scolding; HEAR'SAY, common talk: rumour: report.--_adj._ of or pertaining to a report given by others.--_v.i._ to repeat rumours.--HEAR, HEAR! an exclamation of approval, uttered by the hearers of a speech; HEARSAY EVIDENCE, evidence at second hand; HEAR TELL OF, to hear some one speak of; I WILL NOT HEAR OF, I will not listen to the notion or proposal. [A.S. _hýran_; Dut. _hooren_, Ice. _heyra_, Ger. _hören_, Goth. _hausjan_.]

HEARKEN, härk'n, _v.i._ to hear attentively: to listen. [A.S. _hýrcnian_, from _hýran_, to hear; Ger. _horchen_.]

HEARSAL, h[.e]r'sal, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as REHEARSAL.

HEARSE, h[.e]rs, _n._ a carriage in which the dead are conveyed to the grave: (_orig._) a triangular framework for holding candles at a church service, and esp. at a funeral service.--_v.t._ to put on or in a hearse.--_n._ HEARSE'-CLOTH, a pall for a corpse laid on a bier.--_adj._ HEARSE'-LIKE, suitable to a funeral, mournful. [O. Fr. _herse_ (It. _erpice_)--L. _hirpicem_, accus. of _hirpex_, a harrow.]

HEART, härt, _n._ the organ in animal systems that circulates the blood: the vital, inner, or chief part of anything: the seat of the affections, &c., esp. love: the affections: courage: vigour: secret meaning or design: that which resembles a heart: a person, esp. as implying courage or affectionateness--a term of endearment or encouragement: anything heart-shaped, esp. that one of the four suits in a pack of cards bearing a heart in red.--_v.t._ to encourage, hearten.--_v.i._ to form a compact head, as a plant.--_ns._ HEART'ACHE, sorrow: anguish; HEART'-BEAT, a pulsation of the heart: a throb of emotion, a thought; HEART'-BLOOD, blood of the heart: life, essence; HEART'-BOND, in masonry, a bond in which one header overlaps two others; HEART'-BREAK, a sorrow or grief.--_v.t._ to break the heart of.--_n._ HEART'-BREAK'ER, a flirt: a curl, love-lock.--_adjs._ HEART'-BREAK'ING, crushing with grief or sorrow; HEART'-BROK'EN, intensely afflicted or grieved.--_ns._ HEART'BURN, a burning, acrid feeling, said to be due to the irritation of the upper end of the stomach by the fumes of its acrid contents: cardialgia: HEART'BURNING, discontent: secret enmity.--_adj._ HEART'-DEAR (_Shak._), dear to the heart, sincerely beloved.--_n._ HEART'-DISEASE', any morbid condition of the heart, whether of the various tissues composing it, or of the nervous arrangements governing it.--_adjs._ HEART'-EAS'ING, giving peace to the mind; HEART'ED, having a heart of a specified kind (hard-hearted, &c.): seated or fixed in the heart, laid up in the heart.--_v.t._ HEART'EN, to encourage, stimulate: to add strength to.--_adjs._ HEART'-FELT, felt deeply: sincere; HEART'FREE, having the affections free or disengaged.--_ns._ HEART'-GRIEF, grief or affliction of the heart; HEART'-HEAV'INESS, depression of spirits.--_adv._ HEART'ILY, in a hearty manner: cordially: eagerly.--_n._ HEART'INESS, the state or quality of being hearty.--_adj._ HEART'LESS, without heart, courage, or feeling.--_adv._ HEART'LESSLY.--_ns._ HEART'LESSNESS; HEART'LET, a little heart.--_interj._ HEART'LING (_Shak._), little heart, used in a minced oath.--_n._ HEART'-QUAKE, trembling, fear.--_adjs._ HEART'-REND'ING, deeply afflictive: agonising; HEART'-ROB'BING (_Spens._), stealing the affections: blissful.--_ns._ HEART'-ROT, a disease producing decay in the hearts of trees, caused by the mycelia of various fungi; HEART'S'-EASE, a common name for the pansy, a species of violet, an infusion of which was once thought to ease the love-sick heart; HEART'-SEED, a general name of plants of genus _Cardiospermum_, esp. the U.S. balloon-vine; HEART'-SERV'ICE, sincere devotion, as opposed to _Eye-service_.--_adjs._ HEART'-SHAPED, shaped like the human heart; HEART'-SICK, pained in mind: depressed.--_n._ HEART'-SICK'NESS.--_adjs._ HEART'SOME, exhilarating: merry; HEART'-SORE, caused by pain at the heart.--_n._ (_Spens._) grief.--_n._ HEART'-SPOON, the depression in the breastbone: the breastbone.--_adj._ HEART'-STIR'RING, arousing the heart, exhilarating.--_n._ HEART'-STRING, a nerve or tendon supposed to brace and sustain the heart: (_pl._) affections.--_adjs._ HEART'-STRUCK (_Shak._), driven to the heart, deeply fixed in the mind: (_Milt._) shocked, dismayed; HEART'-SWELL'ING (_Spens._), rankling in the heart or mind.--_ns._ HEART'-WHEEL, HEART'-CAM, a form of cam-wheel used for converting uniform rotary motion into uniform reciprocating motion.--_adj._ HEART'-WHOLE, whole at heart: unmoved in the affections or spirits.--_n._ HEART'-WOOD, the hard inner wood of a tree--also called _Duramen_.--_adjs._ HEART'Y, full of, or proceeding from, the heart: warm: genuine: strong: healthy; HEART'Y-HALE (_Spens._), wholesome or good for the heart.--HEART-AND-HAND, HEART-AND-SOUL, with complete heartiness, with complete devotion to a cause; HEART OF HEARTS, the inmost heart: deepest affections; HEART OF OAK, a brave, resolute heart.--AFTER MY OWN HEART, to my own liking; AT HEART, in real character: substantially; BREAK THE HEART, to die of grief or disappointment: to cause deep grief to any one; BY HEART, by rote: in the memory; EAT ONE'S HEART (see EAT); FIND IN ONE'S HEART, to be willing or ready to do something; FOR ONE'S HEART, for one's life; GET, HAVE, BY HEART, to commit to memory, or to hold in one's memory; HAVE AT HEART, to wish earnestly for: to hold in dear esteem; HAVE ONE'S HEART IN ONE'S BOOTS, MOUTH, to be in a state of terror; LAY, TAKE, TO HEART, to set one's mind strongly upon: to be deeply moved by something; OUT OF HEART, in low spirits; SET THE HEART AT REST, to become easy in mind; SET THE HEART UPON, to desire earnestly; SPEAK TO THE HEART (_B._), to comfort, encourage; TAKE HEART, to be encouraged; TAKE HEART OF GRACE (see GRACE); TAKE TO HEART, to be deeply pained at anything; WEAR THE HEART UPON THE SLEEVE, to show the feelings, &c., openly; WITH ALL MY HEART, most willingly. [A.S. _heorte_; Dut. _hart_, Ger. _herz_; cog. with L. _cor_, _cordis_, Gr. _kardia_.]

HEARTH, härth, _n._ the part of the floor on which the fire is made: the fireside: the house itself: the home-circle: the lowest part of a blast-furnace: a brazier, chafing-dish, or fire-box.--_ns._ HEARTH'-MON'EY, HEARTH'-PENN'Y, HEARTH'-TAX, a tax in England, formerly laid upon hearths; HEARTH'-RUG, a rug used for covering the hearth-stone; HEARTH'-STONE, a stone forming a hearth, the fireside: a soft stone used for whitening hearths, doorsteps, &c. [A.S. _heorð_; Dut. _haard_, Ger. _herd_.]

HEAST, h[=e]st, _n._ (_Spens._) command--same as Hest (q.v.).

HEAT, h[=e]t, _n._ that which excites the sensation of warmth: sensation of warmth: a heating: exposure to intense heat: a warm temperature: the warmest period, as the heat of the day: indication of warmth, flush, redness: vehemence, passion; sexual excitement, or its period, esp. of the female, corresponding to _rut_ in the male: a single course in a race: animation.--_v.t._ to make hot: to agitate.--_v.i._ to become hot:--_pr.p._ heat'ing; _pa.p._ heat'ed.--_n._ HEAT'-AP'OPLEXY, sunstroke.--_p.adj._ HEAT'ED.--_ns._ HEAT'-EN'GINE, an engine which transforms heat into mechanical work; HEAT'ER, one who, or that which, heats: a piece of cast-iron heated and then placed in a hollow flat-iron, &c.--_adjs_. HEAT'ER-SHAPED, triangular, like the common heater; HEAT'ING, causing or imparting heat.--_ns._ HEAT'-SPOT, a spot on the surface of the body where a sensation of heat is felt; HEAT'-[=U]'NIT, amount of heat required to raise a pound of water one degree.--LATENT HEAT, the quantity of heat absorbed when bodies pass from the solid into the liquid, or from the liquid into the gaseous, state; MECHANICAL EQUIVALENT OF HEAT, the relation between heat and work--viz. the amount of molecular energy required to produce one heat-unit; SPECIFIC HEAT, the number of heat-units necessary to raise the unit of mass of a given substance one degree in temperature. [A.S. _h['æ]to_, heat, _hát_, hot; Ger. _hitze_.]

HEATH, h[=e]th, _n._ a barren open country: any shrub of genus _Erica_, or its congener _Calluna_, of the heath family (_Ericaceæ_), a hardy evergreen under-shrub.--_ns._ HEATH'-BELL, same as HEATHER-BELL; HEATH'-COCK, a large bird which frequents heaths: the black grouse:--_fem._ HEATH'-HEN; HEATH'-POULT, the heath-bird, esp. the female or young.--_adj._ HEATH'Y, abounding with heath. [A.S. _h['æ]ð_; Ger. _heide_, Goth. _haithi_, a waste.]

HEATHEN, h[=e]'_th_n, _n._ an inhabitant of an unchristian country, one neither Christian, Jewish, nor Mohammedan: (_B._) the Gentiles: a pagan: an irreligious person.--_adj._ pagan, irreligious.--_n._ HEA'THENDOM, the condition of a heathen: those regions of the world where heathenism prevails.--_v.t._ HEA'THENISE, to make heathen or heathenish.--_adj._ HEA'THENISH, relating to the heathen: rude: uncivilised: cruel.--_adv._ HEA'THENISHLY.--_ns._ HEA'THENISHNESS; HEA'THENISM, the religious system of the heathens: paganism: barbarism; HEA'THENRY, heathenism: heathendom. [A.S. _h['æ]ðen_, a heathen; Dut. _heiden_.]

HEATHER, he_th_'[.e]r, _n._ the Scotch name for the native species of the Linnæan genus _Erica_, called in the north of England Ling, esp. _Erica_ (now _Calluna_) _vulgaris_, Common Heather, and _Erica cinerea_, Fine-leaved Heath or Lesser Bell-heather.--_adj._ of the colour of heather.--_ns._ HEATH'ER-ALE, a famous liquor traditionally brewed in Scotland from the bells of heather; HEATH'ER-BELL, a name given to _Erica tetralix_ (or specially to its blossom), and sometimes also to _Erica cinerea_.--_adj._ HEATH'ERY, of or pertaining to heather.--SET THE HEATHER ON FIRE, to create a disturbance; TAKE TO THE HEATHER, to become an outlaw. [Usually derived from _heath_.]

HEAUME, h[=o]m, _n._ (_arch._) a massive helmet.

HEAVE, h[=e]v, _v.t._ to lift up: to throw upward: to draw in any direction, as by a windlass: to cause to swell: to force from the breast: (_geol._) to move away or displace (a vein or stratum).--_v.i._ to be raised: to rise and fall: to try to vomit:--_pr.p._ heav'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ heaved or (_naut._) h[=o]ve.--_n._ an effort upward: a throw: a swelling: an effort to vomit: broken wind in horses.--_ns._ HEAVE'-OFF'ERING, a voluntary Jewish offering lifted up before the Lord by the priest; HEAV'ER, one who, or that which, heaves; HEAVES, a disease in horses; HEAVE'-SHOUL'DER, the shoulder of an animal elevated in sacrifice; HEAV'ING, a rising: swell: (_Shak._) panting.--HEAVE HO! an exclamation used by sailors in putting forth exertion, as in heaving the anchor; HEAVE IN SIGHT, to come into view; HEAVE TO, to bring a vessel to a stand-still, to make her lie to. [A.S. _hebban_, pa.t. _hóf_, pa.p. _hafen_; Ger. _heben_.]

HEAVEN, hev'n, _n._ the arch of sky overhanging the earth: the air: a zone or region: a very great and indefinite height: the dwelling-place of the Deity and the blessed: the Deity as inhabiting heaven: supreme happiness.--_adjs._ HEAV'EN-BORN, descended from heaven; HEAV'EN-BRED (_Shak._), bred or produced in heaven; HEAV'EN-DIRECT'ED, pointing to the sky: divinely guided; HEAV'EN-FALL'EN (_Milt._), fallen from heaven, having rebelled against God; HEAV'EN-GIFT'ED, granted by heaven; HEAV'EN-KISS'ING (_Shak._), kissing or touching, as it were, the sky.--_n._ HEAV'ENLINESS.--_adj._ HEAV'ENLY, of or inhabiting heaven: celestial: pure: supremely blessed: very excellent.--_adv._ in a manner like that of heaven: by the influence of heaven.--_adj._ HEAV'ENLY-MIND'ED, having the mind placed upon heavenly things: pure.--_n._ HEAV'ENLY-MIND'EDNESS.--_advs._ HEAV'ENWARD, HEAV'ENWARDS, toward or in the direction of heaven.--HEAVEN OF HEAVENS (_B._), the highest of the heavens, the abode and seat of God; IN THE SEVENTH HEAVEN, in a state of the most exalted happiness--from the system of the Cabbalists, who divided the heavens into seven in an ascending scale of happiness up to the abode of God. [A.S. _heofon_; not to be conn. with _heave_.]

HEAVY, hev'i, _adj_. weighty: not easy to bear: oppressive: afflicted: inactive: dull, lacking brightness and interest: inclined to slumber: violent: loud: not easily digested, as food: miry, as soil: having strength, as liquor: dark with clouds: gloomy: expensive: (_B._) sad: (_theat._) pertaining to the representation of grave or serious parts.--_adv._ HEAV'ILY.--_n._ HEAV'INESS.--_adjs._ HEAV'Y-ARMED, bearing heavy armour or arms; HEAV'Y-HAND'ED, clumsy, awkward: oppressive; HEAV'Y-HEAD'ED, having a heavy or large head: dull, stupid, drowsy; HEAV'Y-HEART'ED, weighed down with grief; HEAV'Y-L[=A]D'EN, laden with a heavy burden.--_n._ HEAV'Y-SPAR, native sulphate of barium, barytes.--HEAVY MARCHING ORDER, the condition of troops fully equipped for field service; HEAVY METAL, guns or shot of large size: great influence or power; HEAVY-WEIGHT, one beyond the average weight, esp. in sporting phrase, one placed highest in the ascending scale, _feather-weight_, _light-weight_, _middle-weight_, _heavy-weight_; HEAVY WET, a drink of strong ale or ale and porter mixed.--THE HEAVIES (_mil._), the heavy cavalry: those who play heavy parts. [A.S. _hefig_--_hebban_, to heave; Old High Ger. _hebîg_.]

HEBDOMADAL, heb-dom'a-dal, _adj._ occurring every seven days: weekly--also HEBDOM'ADARY.--_n._ HEB'DOMAD, the number seven, a group of seven things, a week: in some Gnostic systems, a group of superhuman beings, angels, or divine emanations, the sphere of the Demiurge lower than the ogdoad--from the idea of the seven planets.--_adv._ HEBDOM'ADALLY, from week to week.--_n._ HEBDOM'ADARY, a member of a chapter or convent who officiates in the choir, &c., on a certain week.--HEBDOMADAL COUNCIL, a board which practically manages the business of the university of Oxford, usually meeting weekly. [L. _hebdomadalis_--Gr. _hebdomas_, a period of seven days--_hepta_, seven.]

HEBE, h[=e]'b[=e], _n._ a personification of youth and spring, from the name of the daughter of Zeus and Hera, who was cup-bearer of Olympus.

HEBEN, heb'n, _n._ and _adj._ (_Spens._) ebony.

HEBENON, heb'e-non, _n._ (_Shak._) a poisonous juice. [Perh. _ebony_, or a corr. of _henbane_.]

HEBETATE, heb'e-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to make dull or blunt.--_adj._ HEB'ETANT, making dull.--_ns._ HEBET[=A]'TION, HEB'ET[=U]DE; HEBETUDINOS'ITY.--_adj._ HEBET[=U]'DINOUS. [L. _hebet[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_hebes_, blunt.]

HEBREW, h[=e]'br[=oo], _n._ one of the descendants of Abraham, who emigrated from beyond the Euphrates into Palestine: an Israelite, a Jew: the language of the Hebrews (_fem._ H[=E]'BREWESS, _B._): (_coll._) unintelligible speech.--_adj._ relating to the Hebrews.--_adjs._ HEBR[=A]'IC, -AL, relating to the Hebrews or to their language.--_adv._ HEBR[=A]'ICALLY, after the manner of the Hebrew language: from right to left.--_n._ HEBR[=A]'ICISM.--_v.t._ H[=E]'BRAISE, to express as in Hebrew: to conform or incline to Hebrew ideals.--_ns._ H[=E]'BRAISER; H[=E]'BRAISM, a Hebrew idiom; H[=E]'BRAIST, one skilled in HEBREW.--_adjs._ HEBRAIST'IC, -AL, of or like Hebrew.--_adv._ HEBRAIST'ICALLY.--_n._ H[=E]'BREWISM. [O. Fr. _Ebreu_--L. _Hebræus_--Gr. _Hebraios_--Heb. _`ibrî_, lit. 'one from the other side (of the river).']

HEBRIDEAN, h[=e]-brid'[=e]-an, -i-an, _adj._ pertaining to the _Hebrides_--also HEBRID'IAN.--_n._ a native thereof.

HECATE, hek'a-t[=e], _n._ a mysterious goddess, in Hesiod having power over earth, heaven, and sea--afterwards identified with many other goddesses, her power above all displayed in the matter of ghosts and bogies. [L.,--Gr. _Hekat[=e]_--_hekas_, far.]

HECATOMB, hek'a-tom, _n._ among the Greeks and Romans, a sacrifice of a hundred oxen: a great public sacrifice: any large number of victims. [Gr. _hekatomb[=e]_--_hekaton_, a hundred, _bous_, an ox.]

HECATONTOME, hek'a-ton-t[=o]m, _n._ (_Milt._) a very large number of books. [Gr. _hekaton_, a hundred, _tomos_, a volume.]

HECH, heh, _interj._ (_Scot._) an exclamation of surprise.

HECHT, heht, Scotch form of _hight_, v.

HECK, hek, _n._ (_Scot._) a rack in a stable for hay, &c.: a grated contrivance for catching fish: a contrivance in a spinning-wheel, and also in a warping-mill, by which the yarn or thread is guided to the reels.--LIVE AT HECK AND MANGER, to be in very comfortable quarters. [A.S. _hec_, _hæc_; Dut. _hek_.]

HECKLE, hek'l, _v.i._ to comb: to put a parliamentary candidate, or the like, through a series of embarrassing questions.--_n._ the same as HACK'LE, HATCH'EL.--_ns._ HECK'LE, the long shining feathers on a cock's neck, a feather ornament in the full-dress bonnets of Highland regiments; HECK'LER, one who torments a candidate with catching questions.

HECTARE, hek'tär, _n._ a superficial measure=100 ares, 10,000 sq. metres, or nearly 2½ acres (2.471). [Fr.,--Gr. _hekaton_, 100, L. _area_, area.]

HECTIC, -AL, hek'tik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to the constitution or habit of body: affected with hectic fever.--_n._ HEC'TIC, a habitual or remittent fever, usually associated with consumption.--_adj._ HEC'TOID, of a hectic appearance.--HECTIC FEVER, the name given to the fever which occurs in connection with certain wasting diseases of long duration. [Fr.,--Gr. _hektikos_, habitual--_hexis_, habit.]

HECTOGRAMME, hek'to-gram, _n._ a weight of 100 grammes, or nearly ¼ lb. (3.527 ounces). [Fr.,--Gr. _hekaton_, 100, and _gramme_.]

HECTOGRAPH, hek'to-graf, _n._ a gelatine pad for receiving a copy and therefrom multiplying a writing or drawing.--_v.t._ to reproduce by means of this.--_adj._ HECTOGRAPH'IC. [Gr. _hekaton_, a hundred, _graph_--_graphein_, to write.]

HECTOLITRE, hek'to-lit'r, _n._ a unit of capacity of 100 litres, 22.01 imperial gallons.

HECTOMETRE, hek'to-m[=e]t-[.e]r, _n._ a unit of length equal to 100 metres, or about 1/16th (.0621) of a mile.

HECTOR, hek'tor, _n._ a bully, a street brawler: one who annoys.--_v.t._ to treat insolently: to annoy.--_v.i._ to play the bully.--_ns._ HEC'TORER; HEC'TORISM.--_adv._ HEC'TORLY.--_n._ HEC'TORSHIP. [_Hector_, the Trojan.]

HECTOSTERE, hek'to-st[=e]r, _n._ a measure of solidity of 100 cubic metres, 3531.56 Eng. cubic feet.

HEDDLE, hed'l, _n._ a series of vertical cords or wires, each having in the middle a loop (HEDD'LE-EYE) to receive a warp-thread, and passing round and between parallel bars.--_v.t._ to draw warp-threads through heddle-eyes. [An assumed A.S. _hefedl_, earlier form of _hefeld_.]

HEDEOMA, h[=e]-d[=e]-[=o]'ma, _n._ a genus of herbaceous aromatic plants, the best-known species being the American Pennyroyal. [Gr. _h[=e]dys_, sweet.]

HEDERA, hed'er-a, _n._ a genus of climbing plants, best represented by the common ivy.--_adjs._ HEDER[=A]'CEOUS; HED'ERAL; HED'ERATED; HEDER'IC; HEDERIF'EROUS. [L.]

HEDGE, hej, _n._ a thicket of bushes: a fence round a field, &c.: any means of protection.--_v.t._ to enclose with a hedge: to obstruct: to surround: to guard: to protect one's self from loss by betting on both sides.--_v.i._ to shuffle: to be shifty: to skulk.--_ns._ HEDGE'BILL, HEDG'ING-BILL, a bill or hatchet for dressing hedges.--_adj._ HEDGE'-BORN, of low birth, as if born under a hedge or in the woods: low: obscure.--_ns._ HEDGE'BOTE, an old word for the right of a tenant to cut wood on the farm or land for repairing the hedges or fences; HEDGE'-CREEP'ER, a sneaking rogue; HEDGE'HOG, a small prickly-backed quadruped, so called from living in hedges and bushes, and its resemblance to a hog or pig; HEDGE'HOG-PLANT, a species of medick, having the pods spirally twisted and rolled up into a ball beset with spines; HEDGE'HOG-THIS'TLE, hedgehog-cactus; HEDGE'-HYSS'OP, a European perennial plant of the figwort family, with emetic and purgative qualities; HEDGE'-KNIFE, an instrument for trimming hedges; HEDGE'-MAR'RIAGE, a clandestine marriage; HEDGE'-MUS'TARD, a genus of plants of order _Cruciferæ_, annual or rarely perennial, with small yellow or white flowers; HEDGE'-NOTE, a valueless literary attempt; HEDGE'-PAR'SON, a mean parson, generally illiterate; HEDGE'PIG (_Shak._), a young hedgehog; HEDGE'-PRIEST, an ignorant itinerant priest; HEDG'ER, one who dresses hedges; HEDGE'ROW, a row of trees or shrubs for hedging fields; HEDGE'-SCHOOL, an open-air school kept by the side of a hedge in Ireland; HEDGE'-SHREW, the field-mouse; HEDGE'-SPARR'OW, HEDGE'-WAR'BLER, a little singing bird, like a sparrow, which frequents hedges; HEDGE'-WRIT'ER, a Grub-street author; HEDG'ING, the work of a hedger.--_adj._ HEDG'Y. [A.S. _hecg_, _hegg_; Dut. _hegge_, Ger. _hecke_.]

HEDONISM, h[=e]d'[=o]-nizm, _n._ in ethics, the doctrine that happiness is the highest good.--_adjs._ HEDON'IC, HEDONIST'IC.--_n.pl._ HEDON'ICS, the doctrine of pleasure.--_n._ H[=E]'DONIST, one who advocates hedonism. [Gr. _h[=e]don[=e]_, pleasure.]

HEDYPHANE, hed'i-f[=a]n, _n._ a colourless mimetite, containing calcium: a variety of green lead ore. [Gr. _h[=e]dys_, sweet, _-phan[=e]s_, appearing.]

HEED, h[=e]d, _v.t._ to observe: to look after: to attend to.--_n._ notice: caution: attention.--_adj._ HEED'FUL, attentive, cautious.--_adv._ HEED'FULLY.--_ns._ HEED'FULNESS; HEED'INESS (_Spens._).--_adj._ HEED'LESS, inattentive: careless.--_n._ HEED'LESSHOOD (_Spens._).--_adv._ HEED'LESSLY.--_n._ HEED'LESSNESS.--_adj._ HEED'Y (_Spens._), heedful, careful. [A.S. _hédan_; Dut. _hoeden_, Ger. _hüten_.]

HEEHAW, h[=e]'hä, _v.i._ to bray, like an ass. [_Imit._]

HEEL, h[=e]l, _n._ the part of the foot projecting behind: the whole foot (esp. of beasts): the covering of the heel, as on a boot: a spur: the hinder part of anything.--_v.t._ to use the heel: to furnish with heels: to arm with a steel spur, as a fighting cock: to seize by the heels: (_U.S._) to supply with money.--_v.i._ to follow well (of a dog).--_n._ HEEL'-BALL, a black waxy composition for blacking the heels and soles of boots, for taking impressions of coins, &c., by rubbing: a shoemaker's last.--_p.adj._ HEELED, provided with a heel, shod: (_U.S._) comfortably supplied with money.--_n._ HEEL'ER (_U.S._), an unscrupulous hanger-on of a political party; HEEL'PIECE, a piece or cover for the heel; HEEL'-TAP, a small quantity of beer or spirits left in the glass after drinking.--HEEL AND TOE, with proper walking, as opposed to running; HEELS O'ER GOWDY (_Scot._), heels over head; HEELS OVER HEAD, upside down.--AT, ON, UPON, A PERSON'S HEELS, close behind; DOWN AT HEEL, having the heels of one's shoes trodden down: slovenly: in poor circumstances; KICK ONE'S HEELS, to be kept waiting for some time; LAY, SET, CLAP, BY THE HEELS, to fetter: to put in confinement; OUT AT HEELS, having the stockings or shoes worn out at the heels; SHOW A CLEAN PAIR OF HEELS, TAKE TO ONE'S HEELS, to run off with haste: to flee; TRIP UP (ONE'S) HEELS, to trip up or overthrow him; TURN ON (UPON) ONE'S HEEL, to turn sharply round, to turn back or away. [A.S. _héla_; Dut. _hiel_.]

HEEL, h[=e]l, _v.i._ to incline: to lean on one side, as a ship.--_v.t._ to tilt. [Earlier _heeld_, A.S. _hieldan_, to slope; cf. Dut. _hellen_.]

HEEZE, h[=e]z, _v.t._ (_Scot._) a form of hoise.--_n._ a lift.

HEFT, heft, _n._ heaving: (_Shak._) retching: (_U.S._) weight: the bulk of.--_v.t._ to try the weight of.--_adj._ HEFT'Y, rather heavy: easy to lift. [_Heave_.]

HEFT (_Spens._), obsolete form of _heaved_.

HEFT, heft, _v.t._ to accustom to a thing or place: (_Scot._) to attach. [Cf. Ice. _hefdha_, Sw. _häfda_, Dan. _hævde_.]

HEFT, heft, _n._ a notebook, a number of sheets sewed together. [_Ger._]

HEGELIANISM, h[=e]-g[=e]'li-an-izm, _n._ the philosophical principles of Wilhelm Friedrich _Hegel_ (1770-1831).--_adj._ H[=e]g[=e]'lian, of or pertaining to Hegel.--_n._ a follower of Hegel.

HEGEMONY, h[=e]'jem-o-ni, _n._ leadership: control, esp. of one state over others.--_adjs._ HEGEMON'IC, -AL.--_ns._ HEG[=U]'MEN, HEG[=U]'MENOS, the head of a monastery:--_fem._ HEG[=U]'MENE, HEG[=U]'MENESS. [Gr. _h[=e]gemonia_--_h[=e]gem[=o]n_, leader--_h[=e]geisthai_, to go before.]

HEGIRA, HEJIRA, hej'i-ra, _n._ the flight of Mohammed from Mecca, 15th July 622 A.D., from which is dated the Mohammedan era: any flight. [Ar. _hijrah_, flight, _hajara_, to leave.]

HEIFER, hef'[.e]r, _n._ a young cow. [A.S. _héahfore_, _héahfru_, _-fre_; prob. 'high-goer,' _faran_, to go.]

HEIGH, h[=i], _interj._ a cry of encouragement or exultation--also HEY, HA.--_interj._ HEIGH'-HO, an exclamation expressive of weariness. [Imit.]

HEIGHT, h[=i]t, _n._ the condition of being high: distance upwards: that which is elevated: a hill: elevation in rank or excellence: utmost degree.--_v.t._ HEIGHT'EN, to make higher, to advance or improve: to make brighter or more prominent. [Corr. of _highth_--A.S. _híehtho_, _héahthu_--_héah_, high.]

HEINOUS, h[=a]'nus, _adj._ wicked in a high degree, enormous: atrocious.--_adv._ HEI'NOUSLY.--_n._ HEI'NOUSNESS. [O. Fr. _haïnos_ (Fr. _haineux_)--_haïr_, to hate.]

HEIR, [=a]r, _n._ one who inherits anything after the death of the owner: one entitled to anything after the present possessor: a child, offspring:--_fem._ HEIRESS ([=a]r'es).--_v.t._ HEIR, to inherit.--_ns._ HEIR'-APP[=A]'RENT, the one by law acknowledged to be heir; HEIR'-AT-LAW, an heir by legal right; HEIR'DOM, HEIR'SHIP.--_adj._ HEIR'LESS, without an heir.--_ns._ HEIR'LOOM, any piece of furniture or personal property which descends to the heir-at-law by special custom; HEIR'-PRESUMP'TIVE, one who will be heir if no nearer relative should be born.--HEIR BY CUSTOM, one whose right as heir is determined by customary modes of descent, as gavelkind, &c. [O. Fr. _heir_--L. _h[=e]res_, an heir.]

HEJIRA. See HEGIRA.

HEL, hel, _n._ in Northern mythology, the goddess of the dead, the sister of the wolf Fenrir, and daughter of the evil-hearted Loki.

HELCOID, hel'koid, _adj._ ulcerous.--_ns._ HELCOL'OGY, the branch of pathology concerned with ulcers; HEL'COPLASTY, the operation of grafting on an ulcer a piece of healthy skin; HELC[=O]'SIS, ulceration.--_adj._ HELCOT'IC. [Gr. _helkos_, an ulcer.]

HELD, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _hold_.

HELE, h[=e]l, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to hide, conceal. [A.S. _helian_, _helan_, to hide; Ger. _hehlen_.]

HELIAC, h[=e]'li-ak, HELIACAL, he-l[=i]'ak-al, _adj._ (_astron._) emerging from the light of the sun or passing into it.--_adv._ HEL[=I]'ACALLY. [Gr. _h[=e]liakos_--_h[=e]lios_, the sun.]

HELIANTHUS, h[=e]-li-an'thus, _n._ a genus of order _Compositae_, including the common sunflower. [Gr. _h[=e]lios_, the sun, _anthos_, a flower.]

HELICAL, HELICIDÆ, HELICOGRAPH, HELICOID. See HELIX.

HELICONIAN, hel-i-k[=o]'ni-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Helicon_, a mountain-range in Boeotia, in ancient Greece, the favourite seat of the Muses.

HELIOCENTRIC, -AL, h[=e]-li-o-sen'trik, -al, _adj._ (_astron._) referred to the sun as centre.--_adv._ HELIOCEN'TRICALLY. [Gr. _h[=e]lios_, the sun, _kentron_, the centre.]

HELIOCHROMY, h[=e]'li-ok-r[=o]-mi, _n._ the art of producing photographs in the natural colours.--_ns._ H[=E]'LIOCHROME, HELIOCHR[=O]'MOTYPE, a photograph in the natural colours.--_adj._ HELIOCHR[=O]'MIC.

HELIOGRAPH, h[=e]'li-o-graf, _n._ an apparatus for signalling by means of the sun's rays: an engraving obtained by a process in which a specially prepared plate is acted on chemically by exposure to light: an apparatus for taking photographs of the sun.--_v.t._ to signal to by means of the sun's rays.--_n._ HELIOG'RAPHER.--_adjs_. HELIOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ HELIOGRAPH'ICALLY.--_ns._ HELIOG'RAPHY, a method of communicating swiftly between distant points by means of the sun's rays reflected from mirrors: photography; HELIOGR[=A]'VURE (or h[=a]-li-[=o]-gra-vür'), photo-engraving, or a print obtained by this process. [Gr. _h[=e]lios_, the sun, _graph[=e]_, a painting--_graphein_, to write.]

HELIOLATRY, h[=e]-li-ol'a-tri, _n._ worship of the sun.--_n._ HELIOL'ATER, a worshipper of the sun.--_adj._ HELIOL'ATROUS. [Gr. _h[=e]lios_, the sun, _latreia_, worship.]

HELIOLOGY, h[=e]-li-ol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of the sun.

HELIOMETER, h[=e]-li-om'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument by which the diameters of the heavenly bodies can be measured with great accuracy.--_adjs._ HELIOMET'RIC, -AL. [Gr. _h[=e]lios_, sun, _metron_, a measure.]

HELIOPHILOUS, h[=e]-li-of'i-lus, _adj._ fond of the sun--opp. to HELIOPH[=O]'BIC, fearing or shunning sunlight.

HELIOSCOPE, h[=e]'li-o-sk[=o]p, _n._ a telescope for viewing the sun without injury to the eyes, by means of blackened glass or mirrors that reflect only a part of the light.--_adj._ HELIOSCOP'IC. [Fr. _hélioscope_--Gr. _h[=e]lios_, the sun, _skopein_, to look, to spy.]

HELIOSTAT, h[=e]'li-o-stat, _n._ an instrument by means of which a beam of sunlight is reflected in an invariable direction. [Gr. _h[=e]lios_, sun, _statos_, fixed--_histanai_, to stand.]

HELIOTROPE, h[=e]'li-o-tr[=o]p, _n._ a genus of plants of the natural order _Boraginaceæ_, many species with fragrant flowers, esp. the _Peruvian heliotrope_, with small lilac-blue flowers and a fragrance resembling vanilla or cherry-pie: (_min._) a bloodstone, a variety of chalcedony of a dark-green colour variegated with red: a mirror placed at a distant station and adjusted by clockwork, so that at a particular hour of the day (arranged beforehand) the light of the sun shall be reflected from the mirror directly to the surveyor's station.--_adjs._ HELIOTROP'IC, -AL.--_adv._ HELIOTROP'ICALLY.--_ns._ HELIOT'ROPISM, HELIOT'ROPY, the tendency that the stem and leaves of a seedling plant have to bend towards, and the roots from, the light when placed in a transparent vessel of water within reach of the light of a window. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _h[=e]liotropion_--_h[=e]lios_, the sun, _tropos_, a turn.]

HELIOTYPY, h[=e]'li-[=o]-t[=i]-pi, _n._ a photo-mechanical process in which the gelatine relief is itself used to print from in some form of printing-press, instead of being covered with tinfoil as in the stannotype process.--_n._ H[=E]'LIOTYPE, a photograph.--_v.t._ to produce a heliotype picture of.--_v.i._ to practise heliotypy.--_adj._ HELIOTYP'IC. [Gr. _h[=e]lios_, sun, _typos_, impression.]

HELIOZOA, h[=e]'li-[=o]-z[=o]'a, _n._ a class of Protozoa of the Rhizopod type, with protruding processes of living matter. [Gr. _h[=e]lios_, the sun, _z[=o]on_, an animal.]

HELIUM, h[=e]'li-um, _n._ a substance discovered by Lockyer in the sun's atmosphere, found by Ramsay in the rare Norwegian mineral cleveite.

HELIX, h[=e]'liks, _n._ a spiral, as of wire in a coil: (_zool._) a genus of molluscs including the land-snails: the external part of the ear: a small volute or twist in the capital of a Corinthian column:--_pl._ HELICES (hel'i-s[=e]z).--_adj._ HEL'ICAL, spiral.--_adv._ HEL'ICALLY.--_n.pl._ HELIC'IDÆ, a large family of terrestrial, air-breathing gasteropods, of which snails are familiar examples.--_n._ HEL'ICOGRAPH, a drawing instrument for describing a spiral line.--_adjs._ HEL'ICOID, -AL, like a helix, screw-shaped; HELISPHER'IC, -AL, spiral. [L.,--Gr. _helix_, _helissein_, to turn round.]

HELL, hel, _n._ the place or state of punishment of the wicked after death: the place of the dead indefinitely: the abode of evil spirits: the powers of hell: any place of vice or misery: a gambling-house.--_adjs._ HELL'-BLACK (_Shak._), black as hell; HELL'-BORN, born in hell: of hellish origin; HELL'-BRED.--_ns._ HELL'-BROTH (_Shak._), a composition boiled up for malignant purposes; HELL'-CAT, a malignant hag; HELL'-FIRE, the fire of hell: punishment in hell; HELL'-GATE, the entrance into hell.--_adj._ HELL'-HAT'ED (_Shak._), hated or abhorred as hell.--_n._ HELL'HOUND, a hound of hell: an agent of hell.--_adj._ HELL'ISH, pertaining to or like hell: very wicked.--_adv._ HELL'ISHLY.--_ns._ HELL'ISHNESS; HELL'-KITE (_Shak._), a kite of infernal breed.--_adv._ HELL'WARD, towards hell. [A.S. _hel_; Ice. _hel_, Ger. _hölle_.]

HELL, hel, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to hide.

HE'LL, contraction for _he will_.

HELLEBORE, hel'e-b[=o]r, _n._ a plant of the genus Helleborus (_Ranunculaceæ_), whose root possesses drastic purgative properties, anciently used as a cure for insanity--varieties are the _Black Hellebore_ or _Christmas Rose_, the _Stinking_ and the _Green Hellebore_; similar plants of other genera are the _Winter Hellebore_ and the _American False_ or _White Hellebore_, known also as _Indian Poke_ or _Itch Weed_. [Fr. _hellébore_--L. _helleborus_--Gr. _helleboros_.]

HELLENIC, hel-len'ik, or hel-l[=e]'nik, HELLENIAN, hel-l[=e]'ni-an, _adj._ pertaining to the Hellenes or Greeks: Grecian, in art, esp. of the period from the primitive epoch to the Roman supremacy in Greece (beginning 146 B.C.), sometimes only from the time of Alexander the Great (c. 330 B.C.)--the term _Hellenistic_ applying to later times.--_n._ HELL'[=E]NE, an ancient Greek: a subject of the modern kingdom of Greece or Hellas:--_pl._ HELL[=E]'NES, the name of the modern Greeks for themselves.--_v.i._ HELL'ENISE, to conform, or show a tendency to conform, to Greek usages.--_ns._ HELL'ENISM, a Greek idiom: the spirit of the Greek race; HELL'ENIST, one skilled in the Greek language: a Jew who used the Greek language and adopted Greek usages, in opposition to the Hebrews properly so called, whether of Palestine or of the Dispersion, and to the Hellenes or Greeks proper--they are called _Grecians_ in the Authorised, _Grecian Jews_ in the Revised Version.--_adjs._ HELLENIST'IC, -AL, pertaining to the Hellenists: pertaining to Greek with foreign, esp. Aramaic and Hebrew, idioms--a popular dialect which grew up at Alexandria and perpetuated itself in the Septuagint, and to a less marked degree in the New Testament.--_adv._ HELLENIST'ICALLY. [Gr. _Hell[=e]nios_, _Hel[=e]nikos_--_Hell[=e]nes_, a name ultimately given to all the Greeks--_Hell[=e]n_, the son of Deucalion, the Greek Noah.]

HELLICAT, hel'i-kat, _adj._ giddy-headed: flighty.--_n._ (_Scot._) a wicked creature.

HELM, helm, _n._ the instrument by which a ship is steered: the station of management or government.--_v.t._ to direct.--_n._ HELM'AGE, guidance.--_adj._ HELM'LESS, of a ship, without a helm.--_n._ HELMS'MAN, the one who steers. [A.S. _helma_; Ice. _hjálm_, a rudder, Gr. _helm_, a handle.]

HELM, helm, HELMET, hel'met, _n._ a covering of armour for the head: (_bot._) the hooded upper lip of certain flowers.--_adjs._ HELMED, HEL'METED, furnished with a helmet.--_n._ HEL'MET-SHELL, a genus of gasteropods having thick heavy shells with bold ridges: a cameo-shell. [A.S. _helm_--_helan_, to cover; Ger. _helm_.]

HELMINTH, hel'minth, _n._ a worm.--_n._ HELMINTH'AGOGUE, a remedy against worms.--_adj._ HELMIN'THIC, pertaining to worms: (_med._) expelling worms.--_n._ a medicine for expelling worms.--_n._ HELMIN'THITE, a long sinuous mark common on the surfaces of sandstone, and supposed to be the tracks of worms.--_adjs._ HELMIN'THOID, worm-shaped; HELMINTHOLOG'IC, -AL.--_ns._ HELMINTHOL'OGIST; HELMINTHOL'OGY, that branch of natural history which treats of worms, or more particularly of the parasitic forms.--_adj._ HELMINTH'OUS. [Gr. _helmins_, -_inthos_, a worm.]

HELOT, h[=e]'lot, or hel'ot, _n._ one of a class of slaves among the ancient Spartans.--_ns._ H[=E]'LOTAGE, the state of a Helot; H[=E]'LOTISM, the condition of the Helots in ancient Sparta: slavery; H[=E]'LOTRY, the whole body of the Helots: any class of slaves. [Gr.; said to be derived from _Helos_, a town in Greece, reduced to slavery by the Spartans.]

HELP, help, _v.t._ to support: to assist: to mitigate: to give means for doing anything: to provide or supply with: to remedy: to prevent, to keep from.--_v.i._ to give assistance: to contribute:--_pa.p._ helped, (_B._) h[=o]lp'en.--_n._ means or strength given to another for a purpose: assistance: relief: one who assists: (_Amer._) a hired servant, esp. a domestic.--_n._ HELP'ER, one who helps: an assistant.--_adj._ HELP'FUL, giving help: useful.--_n._ HELP'FULNESS.--_adj._ HELP'LESS, without help or power in one's self: wanting assistance.--_adv._ HELP'LESSLY.--_ns._ HELP'LESSNESS; HELP'MATE, an assistant: a partner: a wife--also written HELP'MEET, from Gen. ii. 18.--HELP FORWARD, to assist in making progress; HELP OFF, to aid in disposing or getting rid of; HELP ON, to forward, to lift up; HELP OUT, to aid in finishing a task, eking out a supply, &c.; HELP OVER, to enable to surmount; HELP TO, to aid in obtaining for some one; HELP UP, to raise.--GOD HELP HIM, a phrase implying extreme pity or commiseration.--SO HELP ME GOD, a very strong asseveration, implying the willingness of the speaker to let his chance of salvation depend upon his truthfulness. [A.S. _helpan_, pa.t. _healp_, pa.p. _holpen_; Ice. _hjálpa_, Ger. _helfen_, to aid.]

HELTER-SKELTER, hel'ter-skel'ter, _adv._ in a confused hurry: tumultuously.--_n._ a confused medley: disorderly motion.--_adj._ confused.--_n._ HEL'TER-SKEL'TERINESS. [Imit.]

HELVE, helv, _n._ the handle of an axe or hatchet: the handle of a forehammer.--_v.t._ to furnish with a handle, as an axe.--_n._ HELVE'-HAMM'ER, a trip-hammer. [A.S. _hielfe_, _helfe_, a handle.]

HELVETIC, hel-vet'ik, _adj._ pertaining to Switzerland--also HELV[=E]'TIAN.--HELVETIC CONFESSIONS, two confessions of faith drawn up by the Swiss theologians in 1536 and 1566, in substance Protestant, Evangelical, moderately Calvinistic, and Zwinglian. [L.,--_Helvetia_, Latin name of Switzerland.]

HEM, hem, _n._ the border of a garment doubled down and sewed.--_v.t._ to form a hem on: to edge:--_pr.p._ hem'ming; _pa.p._ hemmed.--_n._ HEM'-STITCH, the ornamental finishing of the inner side of a hem, made by pulling out several threads adjoining it and drawing together in groups the cross-threads by successive stitches.--_v.t._ to embroider with such.--HEM IN, to surround. [A.S. _hemm_, a border; Ger. _hamm_, a fence.]

HEM, hem, _n._ and _interj._ a sort of half-cough to draw attention.--_v.i._ to utter the sound _hem!_--_pr.p._ hem'ming; _pa.p._ hemmed. [Imit.]

HEM, hem, (_Spens._) them.

HEMERALOPIA, hem'e-ra-l[=o]'pi-a, _n._ day-blindness, a defect of vision except in artificial or dim light; also applied to night-blindness. [Gr. _h[=e]mera_, a day, _alaos_, blind, _[=o]ps_, the eye.]

HEMIANOPSIA, hem'i-an-op'si-a, _n._ complete or partial blindness as to half the field of vision--also HEMIAN[=O]P'IA, HEMI[=O]'PIA, HEMIOP'SIA, HEM'OPSY.--_adjs._ HEMIANOP'TIC, HEMIOP'IC. [Gr. _h[=e]mi_-, half, _an_-, neg., _opsis_, sight.]

HEMICRANIA, hem-i-kr[=a]'ni-a, _n._ headache confined to one side of the head.--_adj._ HEMICRAN'IC.

HEMICYCLE, hem'i-s[=i]-kl, _n._ a semicircle, a room with seats so arranged. [Fr.,--Gr.]

HEMIHEDRISM, hem-i-h[=e]'drizm, _n._ a property of crystals of being HEMIH[=E]'DRAL, or having half the number of symmetrically arranged planes occurring on a holohedron.--_n._ HEMIH[=E]'DRON. [Gr. _h[=e]mi-_, half, _hedra_, a seat.]

HEMIOLIC, hem-i-ol'ik, _adj._ constituting the proportion of 1½ to 1, or of 3 to 2. [Gr. _h[=e]mi-_, half, _holos_, whole.]

HEMIONUS, h[=e]-m[=i]'o-nus, HEMIONE, hem'i-[=o]n, _n._ the half-ass, or dziggetai. [Gr. _h[=e]mi-_, half, _onos_, an ass.]

HEMIPLEGIA, hem-i-pl[=e]'ji-a, _n._ paralysis of one side of the face or body--also HEM'IPLEGY.--_adj._ HEMIPLEG'IC. [Gr. _h[=e]mi-_, half, _pl[=e]g[=e]_, a blow.]

HEMIPTERA, hem-ip't[.e]r-a, _n._ an order of _Insecta_, in the classification of Linnæus: in later systems, the same as _Rhyncota_, including aphides, coccus insects, cicadas, bugs, water-scorpions, lice (_Ametabola_).--_n._ HEMIP'TER.--_adjs._ HEMIP'TERAL, HEMIP'TERAN, HEMIP'TEROUS. [Gr. _h[=e]mi-_, half, _pteron_, a wing.]

HEMISPHERE, hem'i-sf[=e]r, _n._ a half-sphere: half of the globe or a map of it.--_adjs._ HEMISPHER'IC, -AL.--_n._ HEMISPH[=E]'ROID, the half of a spheroid.--_adj._ HEMISPHEROI'DAL.--EASTERN and WESTERN HEMISPHERES, the eastern and western halves of the terrestrial globe, the former including Europe, Asia, and Africa; the latter, the Americas. [Gr. _h[=e]misphairion_--_h[=e]mi-_, half, _sphaira_, a sphere.]

HEMISTICH, hem'i-stik, _n._ one of the two parts of a line of poetry as divided by the cesura: half a line, an incomplete or unfinished line: an epodic line or refrain.--_adj._ HEM'ISTICHAL. [L. _hemistichium_--Gr. _h[=e]mistichion_--_h[=e]mi-_, half, _stichos_, a line.]

HEMITROPE, hem'i-tr[=o]p, _n._ a form in which one part of a crystal is in reverse position with reference to the other part, a twin-crystal.--_adjs._ HEM'ITROPE, HEMIT'ROPAL, HEMITROP'IC, HEMIT'ROPOUS.

HEMLOCK, hem'lok, _n._ a genus of umbelliferous plants, the most common species being the poisonous spotted hemlock, used in medicine. [A.S. _hemlic_, the second syllable a weakened form of _leác_, a plant. Cf. CHARLOCK, GARLIC.]

HEMP, hemp, _n._ a plant with a fibrous bark used for cordage, coarse cloth, &c.: the fibrous rind prepared for spinning.--_adj._ HEMP'EN, made of hemp.--_ns._ HEMP'-NETT'LE, a coarse bristly annual weed of the labiate family; HEMP'-PALM, a palm of China and Japan, the fibre of the leaves of which is much employed for making cordage--hats, cloaks, and other garments are also made from it; HEMP'-SEED, Mrs Quickly's word for homicide (_Shak._, _2 Henry IV._, II. i. 64).--_adj._ HEMP'Y, like hemp: roguish: romping.--_n._ (_Scot._) a rogue.--HEMPEN COLLAR, and CAUDLE (_Shak._), the hangman's noose; HEMPEN WIDOW, the widow of a man who has been hanged. [A.S. _henep_, _hænep_--L. _cannabis_--Gr. _kannabis_.]

HEN, hen, _n._ the female of any bird, esp. of the domestic fowl.--_ns._ HEN'BANE, a coarse annual or biennial herb of the nightshade family, poisonous, esp. to domestic fowls; HEN'COOP, a coop or large cage for domestic fowls; HEN'-DRIV'ER, HEN'-HARR'IER, a species of falcon, the common harrier.--_adj._ HEN'-HEART'ED, timid as a hen: cowardly.--_ns._ HEN'-HOUSE, a house, coop, or shelter for fowls; HEN'-HUSS'Y, a man who meddles with women's affairs; HEN'-MOULD, a black, spongy soil; HEN'NERY, a place where fowls are kept.--_adj._ HEN'NY, like a hen, feathered.--_v.t._ HEN'PECK, of a wife, to domineer over her husband.--_n._ the subjection of a husband to his wife.--_adj._ HEN'PECKED, weakly subject to his wife.--_ns._ HENPECK'ERY, the state of being henpecked; HEN'-ROOST, a place where poultry roost at night; HEN'WIFE, HEN'-WOM'AN, a woman who has the charge of poultry. [A.S. _henn_--_hana_, a cock; Ger. _hahn_, fem. _henne_.]

HENCE, hens, _adv._ from this place or time: in the future: from this cause or reason: from this origin.--_interj._ away! begone!--_advs._ HENCE'FORTH, HENCEFOR'WARD, from this time forth or forward. [M. E. _hennes_, _henne_--A.S. _heonan_, from the base of he; Ger. _hinnen_,_hin_, hence; so L. _hinc_, hence--_hic_, this.]

HENCHMAN, hensh'man, _n._ a servant: a page. [Not from _haunch-man_, but from A.S. _hengest_, a horse (Ger. _hengst_), and man.]

HEND, hend, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to seize, to grasp. [_Hand._]

HENDECAGON, hen-dek'a-gon, _n._ a plane figure of eleven angles and eleven sides.--_adj._ HENDECAG'ONAL. [Gr. _hendeka_, eleven, _g[=o]nia_, an angle.]

HENDECASYLLABLE, hen'dek-a-sil-a-bl, _n._ a metrical line of eleven syllables.--_adj._ HENDECASYLLAB'IC. [Gr. _hendeka_, eleven, _syllab[=e]_, a syllable.]

HENDIADYS, hen-d[=i]'a-dis, _n._ a rhetorical figure in which one and the same notion is presented in two expressions, as 'with might and main'=by main strength. [Gr. _hen dia dyoin_, lit. 'one by two.']

HENEQUEN, hen'[=e]-ken, _n._ a fibre known as sisal-hemp, used for ships' cables, obtained chiefly from _Agave Ixtli_ of Yucatan, also the plant itself.--Also HEN'EQUIN, HEN'IQUIN. [Sp. _jeniquen_.]

HENNA, hen'a, _n._ a small Oriental shrub of the loosestrife family, with fragrant white flowers: a pigment made from the shrub for dyeing the nails and hair. [Ar. _henna_.]

HENOTHEISM, hen'[=o]-th[=e]-izm, _n._ the ascribing of supreme power to some one of several gods in turn: the belief in a special supreme god over a particular people--a national or relative monotheism.--_adj._ HENOTHEIST'IC. [Gr. _heis_ (_hen-_), one, _theos_, god, and suff. _-ism_.]

HENOTIC, hen-ot'ik, _adj._ tending to unify or reconcile. [Gr. _hen[=o]tikos_--_heis_, one.]

HENRY, hen'ri, _n._ (_electr._) the practical unit of self-induction--from Joseph _Henry_, American physicist (1797-1878).

HENT, hent (_Spens._), _pa.t._ of _hend_.--_n._ hold.

HENT, hent, _v.t._ to clear, go beyond. [A.S. _hentan_, to seize.]

HEP, hep, _n._ See _Hip_, the fruit of the dog-rose.

HEP, hep, _interj._ a cry said to come down from the Crusaders' time, often the cry of the mob in an outrage on the Jews--more probably an abbreviation of _Hebrew_ than formed from the initials of _Hierosolyma est perdita_=Jerusalem is destroyed.

HEPAR, h[=e]'par, _n._ the name given by the older chemists to various compounds of sulphur, from their brown, liver-like colour.--_adj._ HEPAT'IC, belonging to the liver.--_ns.pl._ HEPAT'ICA, medicines which affect the liver and its appendages; HEPAT'ICÆ, the liver-worts, a sub-class of bryophytic or moss-like plants.--_n._ HEPATIS[=A]'TION, consolidation of tissue, as of the lungs in pneumonia, resulting in a liver-like solidification.--_v.t._ HEP'ATISE, to convert into a substance resembling liver.--_ns._ HEP'AT[=I]TE, a variety of barium sulphate or barite, with a characteristic stink; HEPAT[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the liver; HEP'ATOCELE, hernia of the liver; HEPATOL'OGIST, a specialist in diseases of the liver; HEPATOL'OGY, the science of, or a treatise on, the liver; HEPATORRHOE'A, a morbid flow of bile; HEPATOS'COPY, divination by inspection of the livers of animals. [Gr. _h[=e]par_, _h[=e]p[)a]tos_, the liver.]

HEPTACHORD, hep'ta-kord, _n._ in Greek music, a diatonic series of seven tones, containing five whole steps and one half-step: an instrument with seven strings.

HEPTADE, hep'tad, _n._ the sum or number of seven: (_chem._) an atom, radical, or element having a combining power of seven. [Fr.,--Gr. _heptas_, _heptados_--_hepta_, seven.]

HEPTAGLOT, hep'ta-glot, _adj._ in seven languages.--_n._ a book in seven languages. [Gr. _heptagl[=o]ttos_--_hepta_, seven, _gl[=o]tta_, _gl[=o]ssa_, tongue.]

HEPTAGON, hep'ta-gon, _n._ a plane figure with seven angles and seven sides.--_adj._ HEPTAG'ONAL. [Gr. _heptag[=o]nos_, seven-cornered--_hepta_, seven, _g[=o]nia_, an angle.]

HEPTAGYNIA, hept-a-jin'i-a, _n._ an order of plants having seven styles.--_adj._ HEPTAG'YNOUS. [Gr. _hepta_, seven, _gyn[=e]_, a woman.]

HEPTAHEDRON, hep-ta-h[=e]'dron, _n._ a solid figure with seven faces or sides.--_adjs._ HEPTAH[=E]'DRAL, HEPTAHED'RICAL; HEPTAHEXAH[=E]'DRAL, having seven ranges of faces one above another, each range containing six faces. [Gr. _hepta_, seven, _hedr[=a]_, a seat, a base.]

HEPTAMERIDE, hep-tam'e-rid, _n._ anything consisting of seven parts.--_adj._ HEPTAM'EROUS (_bot._), consisting of seven members or parts.

HEPTAMERON, hep'tam-e-ron, _n._ a book containing the transactions of seven days, esp. the 72 stories supposed to be told in seven days, bearing the name of Queen Margaret of Navarre (1492-1549). [Gr. _hepta_, seven, _h[=e]mera_, a day.]

HEPTAMETER, hep'tam-e-t[.e]r, _n._ a verse of seven measures. [Gr. _hepta_, seven, _metron_, measure.]

HEPTANDRIA, hept-an'dri-a, _n._ a class of plants having seven stamens.--_adj._ HEPTAN'DROUS. [Gr. _hepta_, seven, an[=e]r, _andros_, a man.]

HEPTANGULAR, hept-ang'g[=u]-lar, _adj._ having seven angles. [Gr. _hepta_, seven, and _angular_.]

HEPTAPHYLLOUS, hep-ta-fil'us, _adj._ having seven leaves.

HEPTAPODY, hep-tap'o-di, _n._ a verse of seven feet.--_adj._ HEPTAPOD'IC.

HEPTARCHY, hep'tär-ki, _n._ a government by seven persons: the country governed by seven: a period in the Saxon history of England--a misleading term in any other meaning than merely this, that the chief kingdoms at various periods from the 5th to the 9th century were seven--Wessex, Sussex, Kent, Essex, East Anglia, Mercia, and Northumbria.--_ns._ HEP'TARCH, HEP'TARCHIST.--_adj._ HEPTAR'CHIC. [Gr. _hepta_, seven, _arch[=e]_, sovereignty.]

HEPTASPERMOUS, hep-ta-sper'mus, _adj._ having seven seeds.

HEPTASYLLABIC, hep-ta-si-lab'ik, _adj._ seven-syllabled, like the second half of the elegiac pentameter.

HEPTATEUCH, hep'ta-t[=u]k, _n._ a word sometimes used for the first seven books of the Old Testament--formed on the analogy of Pentateuch and Hexateuch. [Gr. _hepta_, seven, _teuchos_, an instrument, a volume.]

HER, h[.e]r, _pron._ objective and possessive case of _she_.--_adj._ belonging to a female. [M. E. _here_--A.S. _hire_, gen. and dat. sing. of _heó_, she.]

HERACLEAN, HERACLEIAN, her-a-kl[=e]'an, _adj._ pertaining to Hercules.--_adj._ HERACL[=I]'DAN, HERACLEI'DAN, pertaining to the Heracleidæ or descendants of Heracles (Hercules), the aristocracy of Sparta.--_n._ HERACLID', one claiming such descent.

HERALD, her'ald, _n._ in ancient times, an officer who made public proclamations and arranged ceremonies: in medieval times, an officer who had charge of all the etiquette of chivalry, keeping a register of the genealogies and armorial bearings of the nobles: an officer whose duty is to read proclamations, to blazon the arms of the nobility, &c.: a proclaimer: a forerunner: the red-breasted merganser, usually HER'ALD-DUCK.--_v.t._ to introduce, as by a herald: to proclaim.--_adj._ HERAL'DIC, of or relating to heralds or heraldry.--_adv._ HERAL'DICALLY.--_ns._ HER'ALDRY, the art or office of a herald: the science of recording genealogies and blazoning coats of arms; HER'ALDSHIP.--HERALDS' COLLEGE (see COLLEGE). [O. Fr. _herault_; of Teut. origin, Old High Ger. _hari_ (A.S. _here_, Ger. _heer_), an army, and _wald_=_walt_, strength, sway.]

HERB, h[.e]rb, _n._ a plant the stem of which dies every year, as distinguished from a tree or shrub which has a permanent stem.--_adj._ HERB[=A]'CEOUS, pertaining to, or of the nature of, herbs: (_bot._) having a soft stem that dies to the root annually.--_n._ HERBAGE (h[.e]rb'[=a]j, or [.e]rb'[=a]j), green food for cattle: pasture: herbs collectively.--_adjs._ HERB'AGED, covered with grass; HERB'AL, pertaining to herbs.--_n._ a book containing descriptions of plants with medicinal properties, orig. of all plants.--_ns._ HERB'ALIST, one who makes collections of herbs or plants: one skilled in plants; HERB'AR (_Spens._), an herb; HERB[=A]'RIAN, a herbalist; HERB[=A]'RIUM, a classified collection of preserved herbs or plants:--_pl._ HERB[=A]'RIUMS, HERB[=A]'RIA; HERB'ARY, a garden of herbs; HERB'-BENN'ET (see AVENS).--_adjs._ HERBES'CENT, growing into herbs, becoming herbaceous; HERBIF'EROUS, bearing herbs.--_n._ HERB'IST, a herbalist.--_n.pl._ HERBIV'ORA, a name loosely applied to hoofed quadrupeds.--_n.sing._ HERB'IVORE.--_adjs._ HERBIV'OROUS, eating or living on herbaceous plants; HERB'LESS.--_ns._ HERB'LET (_Shak._), a small herb; HERB'-OF-GRACE', or -REPENT'ANCE, the common rue, the vervain; HERBORIS[=A]'TION, the seeking for plants: (_min._) the figure of plants.--_v.i._ HERB'ORISE, to search for plants: to botanise.--V.T. to form plant-like figures in, as in minerals.--_n._ HERB'ORIST, a herbalist.--_adjs._ HERB'OUS, HERB'OSE, abounding with herbs.--_ns._ HERB'-PAR'IS, Paris quadrifolia, related to wake-robin; HERB'-P[=E]'TER, the cowslip or primrose; HERB'-ROB'ERT, a common kind of geranium; HERB'-TRIN'ITY, the pansy.--_adj._ HERB'Y, of or pertaining to herbs. [Fr. _herbe_--L. _herba_, akin to Gr. _phorb[=e]_, pasture--_pherbein_, to feed.]

HERCULANEAN, her-k[=u]-l[=a]'n[=e]-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to _Herculaneum_, the ancient Roman city buried with Pompeii by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 A.D.

HERCULEAN, h[.e]r-k[=u]'l[=e]-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to _Hercules_: extremely difficult or dangerous, as the twelve labours of the Greek hero Hercules: of extraordinary strength and size.--HERCULES BEETLE, a gigantic Brazilian lamellicorn beetle, 6 in. long, with a long horn on the head of the male and a smaller one on the thorax; HERCULES' CHOICE, toil and duty chosen in preference to ease and pleasure--from a famous story in Xenophon's _Memorabilia_; HERCULES CLUB, a stick of great size and weight; PILLARS OF HERCULES, the name given by the ancients to two rocks flanking the entrance to the Mediterranean at the Strait of Gibraltar.

HERCYNIAN, her-sin'i-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to the forest-covered mountain region of northern Germany--apart the Harz Mountains.

HERD, h[.e]rd, _n._ a number of beasts feeding together, and watched or tended: any collection of beasts, as distinguished from a flock: a company of people, the rabble.--_v.i._ to run in herds.--_v.t._ to tend, as a herdsman.--_ns._ HERD, one who tends a herd; HERD'GROOM (_Spens._), a shepherd-lad; HERDS'-GRASS, timothy-grass; HERDS'MAN, a man employed to herd or tend cattle--(_B._) HERD'MAN. [A.S. _hirde_, _hierde_; Ger. _heerde_, Sw. _hjord_.]

HERDIC, her'dik, _n._ a low-hung two or four wheeled carriage with back entrance and side seats. [From the inventor, Peter _Herdic_ of Pennsylvania.]

HERE, h[=e]r, _adv._ in this place: in the present life or state.--_advs._ HERE'ABOUT, also -ABOUTS, about this place; HEREAF'TER, after this, in some future time or state.--_n._ a future state.--_advs._ HERE'AT, at or by reason of this; HERE'AWAY (_coll._), hereabout; HEREBY', not far off: by this; HEREIN', in this: in regard to this; HEREINAF'TER, afterward in this (document, &c.):--opp. to HEREINBEFORE'; HEREOF', of this: as a result of this; HEREON', on or upon this; HERETO', till this time: for this object; HERETOFORE', before this time: formerly; HEREUNTO' (also -UN'-), to this point or time; HEREUPON', on this: in consequence of this; HEREWITH', with this.--HERE AND THERE, in this place, and then in that: thinly: irregularly; HERE GOES! an exclamation indicating that the speaker is about to do something; HERE YOU ARE (_coll._), this is what you want; NEITHER HERE NOR THERE, of no special importance. [A.S. _hér_, from base of _hé_, he; Dut. and Ger. _hier_, Sw. _här_.]

HEREDITY, he-red'i-ti, _n._ the organic relation between generations, esp. between parents and offspring: the transmission of qualities from the parents or ancestors to their offspring.--_adj._ HERED'ITABLE, that may be inherited.--_ns._ HEREDIT'AMENT, all property of whatever kind that may pass to an heir.--_adv._ HERED'ITARILY.--_n._ HERED'ITARINESS, the quality of being hereditary.--_adj._ HERED'ITARY, descending by inheritance: transmitted from parents to their offspring. [L. _hereditas_, the state of an heir--_heres_, _her[=e]dis_, an heir.]

HERESY, her'e-si, _n._ the adoption and maintaining opinions contrary to the authorised teaching of the religious community to which one naturally belongs: an opinion adopted for one's self in opposition to the usual belief: heterodoxy.--_ns._ HERESIARCH (her'e-si-ärk, or he-r[=e]'zi-ärk), a leader in heresy, a chief among heretics; HERESIOG'RAPHER, one who writes about heresies; HERESIOG'RAPHY, a treatise on heresies; HERESIOL'OGIST, a student of, or writer on, heresies; HERESIOL'OGY, the study or the history of heresies; HER'ETIC, the upholder of a heresy.--_adj._ HERET'ICAL.--_adv._ HERET'ICALLY.--_v.t._ HERET'ICATE, to denounce as heretical. [O. Fr. _heresie_--L. _hæresis_--Gr. _hairesis_--_hairein_, to take.]

HERIOT, her'i-ot, _n._ (_Eng. law_) a kind of fine due to the lord of a manor on the death of a person holding land of the manor, and consisting of the best beast, jewel, or chattel that belonged to the deceased.--_adj._ HER'IOTABLE. [A.S. _heregeatu_, a military preparation--_here_, an army, _geatwe_, apparatus.]

HERISSON, her'i-son, _n._ a beam turning on a pivot and supplied with sharp spikes, for the defence of a gate, &c.: (_her._) a hedgehog.--_adj._ HÉRISSÉ, bristled. [A doublet of _urchin_.]

HERITABLE, her'i-ta-bl, _adj._ that may be inherited.--_n._ HERITABIL'ITY.--_adv._ HER'ITABLY.--_n._ HER'ITOR, in Scotland, a landholder in a parish.--HERITABLE PROPERTY (_Scots law_), real property, as opposed to movable property or chattels; HERITABLE SECURITY, same as English mortgage. [O. Fr. _heritable_, _hereditable_---Low L. _hereditabilis_--L. _hereditas_.]

HERITAGE, her'it-[=a]j, _n._ that which is inherited: inherited lot, condition of one's birth: (_B._) the children (of God). [O. Fr. _heritage_, _heriter_--Late L. _heredit[=a]re_, to inherit.]

HERLING, her'ling, _n._ the young of the sea-trout.

HERMÆ. See HERMES.

HERMANDAD, [.e]r-man-dad', _n._ a confederation of the entire burgher class of Spain for police and judicial purposes, formed in 1282, and formally legalised in 1485. [Sp., 'brotherhood,' _hermano_--L. _germanus_, kindred.]

HERMAPHRODITE, h[.e]r-maf'rod-[=i]t, _n._ an animal or a plant in which the two sexual characteristics are united: an abnormal individual in whom are united the properties of both sexes.--_adj._ uniting the distinctions of both sexes.--_ns._ HERMAPH'RODISM, HERMAPH'RODITISM, the union of the two sexes in one body.--_adjs._ HERMAPHRODIT'IC, -AL, pertaining to a hermaphrodite: partaking of both sexes.--HERMAPHRODITE BRIG, a brig square-rigged forward and schooner-rigged aft. [L.,--Gr. _Hermaphrod[=i]tos_, the son of _Herm[=e]s_ and _Aphrodit[=e]_, who, when bathing, grew together with the nymph Salmacis into one person.]

HERMENEUTIC, -AL, h[.e]r-me-n[=u]'tik, -al, _adj._ interpreting: explanatory: exigetical.--_adv._ HERMENEU'TICALLY.--_n.sing._ HERMENEU'TICS, the science of interpretation or exegesis, esp. of the Scriptures.--_n._ HERMENEU'TIST, one versed in hermeneutics. [Gr. _herm[=e]neu'tikos_--_herm[=e]neus_, an interpreter, from _Herm[=e]s_, Mercury, the god of art and eloquence.]

HERMES, h[.e]r'm[=e]z, _n._ the herald and messenger of the gods of Greek mythology, patron of herdsmen, arts, and thieves: a head or bust on a square base, often double-faced:--_pl._ HERMÆ (her'm[=e]): the Egyptian Thoth, identified with the Greek Hermes.

HERMETIC, -AL, h[.e]r-met'ik, -al, _adj._ belonging in any way to the the beliefs current in the Middle Ages under the name of _Hermes_, the Thrice Great: belonging to magic or alchemy, magical: perfectly close.--_adv._ HERMET'ICALLY.--_n.pl._ HERMET'ICS, the philosophy wrapped up in the Hermetic books, esoteric science: alchemy.--HERMETICALLY SEALED, closed completely, said of a glass vessel, the opening of which is closed by melting the glass. [From _Herm[=e]s Trismegistos_, Hermes 'the thrice-greatest,' the Greek name for the Egyptian god Thoth, who was god of science, esp. alchemy.]

HERMIT, h[.e]r'mit, _n._ one who retires from society and lives in solitude or in the desert for purposes of devotion: one of certain animals of solitary habit.--_ns._ HER'MIT[=A]GE, HER'MITARY, the dwelling of a hermit: a retired abode: a wine produced near Valence, in Drôme; HER'MIT-CRAB, the name of a family of crustaceans notable for their habit of sheltering themselves in gasteropod shells.--_adj._ HERMIT'ICAL, relating to a hermit. [M. E. _eremite_, through Fr. and L. from Gr. _er[=e]mit[=e]s_--_er[=e]mos_, solitary.]

HERN. Same as HERON.

HERN, a provincial form for _hers_.

HERNIA, h[.e]r'ni-a, _n._ a protrusion, through an abnormal or accidental opening, of the abdominal viscera, the condition popularly called _rupture_.--_adjs._ HER'NIAL; HER'NIATED; HER'NIOID.--_ns._ HERNIOL'OGY, the branch of surgery which treats of ruptures; HERNIOT'OMY, the operation of cutting for hernia. [L.]

HERNSHAW, h[.e]rn'shaw, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as HERONSHAW.

HERO, h[=e]'r[=o], _n._ a man of distinguished bravery: any illustrious person: the principal figure in any history or work of fiction: (_orig._) a demigod:--_fem._ HEROINE (her'[=o]-in).--_adj._ HER[=O]'IC, becoming a hero: courageous: illustrious: daring, rash.--_n._ a heroic verse: (_pl._) extravagant phrases, bombast.--_adj._ HER[=O]'ICAL.--_adv._ HER[=O]'ICALLY--(_Milt._) HER[=O]'ICLY.--_ns._ HER[=O]'ICALNESS, HER[=O]'ICNESS.--_adjs._ HER[=O]'ICOMIC, -AL, consisting of a mixture of heroic and comic: designating the high burlesque.--_ns._ HER'OISM, the qualities of a hero: courage: boldness; H[=E]'ROSHIP, the state of being a hero; H[=E]'RO-WOR'SHIP, the worship of heroes: excessive admiration of great men.--HEROIC AGE, the semi-mythical period of Greek history, when the heroes or demigods were represented to have lived among men; HEROIC MEDICINES, such as either kill or cure; HEROIC SIZE, in sculpture, larger than life, but less than colossal; HEROIC VERSE, the style of verse in which the exploits of heroes are celebrated (in classical poetry, the hexameter; in English and German, the iambic of ten syllables; in French, the alexandrine). [Through O. Fr. and L. from Gr. _h[=e]r[=o]s_; akin to L. _vir_, A.S. _wer_, a man, Sans. _víra_, a hero.]

HERODIANS, he-r[=o]'di-ans, _n.pl._ a political rather than religious party among the Jews of the apostolic age, adherents of the family of _Herod_. Herod was represented as a swaggering tyrant in the old dramatic performances--hence 'to out-herod Herod' (_Shak._)--to exceed in bombast and passionate grandiloquence.

HERON, her'un, _n._ a large screaming water-fowl, with long legs and neck.--_n._ HER'ONRY, a place where herons breed. [O. Fr. _hairon_--Old High Ger. _heigir_.]

HERONSHAW, her'un-shaw, _n._ a young heron. [Properly _heronswewe_ (O. Fr. _herounçel_), which was confounded with the old form _hernshaw_, a heronry, from _heron_, and _shaw_, a wood.]

HERPES, h[.e]r'p[=e]z, _n._ the name of a group of diseases of the skin, characterised by the presence of clusters of vesicles on an inflamed base--_Catarrhal herpes_ and _Herpes zoster_ or _Shingles_.--_adj._ HERPET'IC, relating to or resembling herpes: creeping. [Gr. _herp[=e]s_--_herpein_, to creep.]

HERPESTES, her-pes'tez, _n._ the typical genus of ichneumons or mongooses of the sub-family _Herpestinæ_, viverroid carnivores, having straight toes, claws not retractile. [Gr.]

HERPETOLOGY, her-pet-ol'oj-i, _n._ the branch of natural history which treats of reptiles.--_adjs._ HER'PETOID, serpent-like; HERPETOLOG'IC, -AL, pertaining to herpetology.--_adv._ HERPETOLOG'ICALLY.--_n._ HERPETOL'OGIST, one versed in herpetology.

HERR, her, _n._ lord, master, the German term of address equivalent to Mr. [Ger.]

HERRING, her'ing, _n._ a common small sea-fish of great commercial value, found moving in great shoals or multitudes.--_adj._ HERR'ING-BONE, like the spine of a herring, applied to a kind of masonry in which the stones slope in different directions in alternate rows.--_ns._ HERR'INGER, one whose employment is to catch herring; HERR'ING-FISH'ERY; HERR'ING-POND, the ocean, esp. the Atlantic or the English Channel.--HERRING-BONE STITCH, a kind of cross-stitch used in embroidery, in mending sails, &c.--KIPPERED HERRING, herring smoked and preserved; RED HERRING, herring cured and dried, and having as the result a red appearance. [A.S. _h['æ]ring_, _héring_; cf. Ger. _häring_, _heer_.]

HERRNHUTER, hern'hut-[.e]r, _n._ one of the Moravians or United Brethren, so called from their settlement in 1722 at _Herrnhut_ in Saxony.

HERRY, a Scotch form of _harry_.--_n._ HERR'YMENT, harassment.

HERS, h[.e]rz, _pron._ possessive of _she_.

HERSAL, h[.e]r'sal, _n._ (_Spens._) rehearsal.

HERSE, h[.e]rs, _n._ (_fort._) a portcullis: a species of cheval-de-frise.--_adj._ HERSED, arranged in harrow form. [_Hearse_.]

HERSELF, h[.e]r-self', _pron._ the emphatic form of _she_ in the nominative or objective case: in her real character: having the command of her facilities, sane.

HERSHIP, h[.e]r'ship, _n._ the carrying off of cattle: (_Scot._) foray. [_Here_, army, or stem of A.S. _herjan_, to harry; cf. Ice. _herskapr_, warfare--_herr_, army, and _-skapr_, -ship.]

HERY, h[=e]'ri, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to praise, to regard as holy. [A.S. _herian_, to praise.]

HESITATE, hez'i-t[=a]t, _v.i._ to stop in making a decision: to be in doubt: to stammer.--_v.t._ (_rare_) to express with hesitation.--_ns._ HES'ITANCY, HESIT[=A]'TION, wavering: doubt: stammering.--_adj._ HES'ITAN'T, hesitating.--_adv._ HES'IT[=A]TINGLY.--_adj._ HES'IT[=A]TIVE, showing hesitation.--_n._ HES'IT[=A]TOR, one who hesitates.--_adj._ HES'IT[=A]TORY, hesitating. [L. _hæsit[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, freq. of _hær[=e]re_, _hæsum_, to stick.]

HESPER, hes'p[.e]r, HESPERUS, hes'p[.e]r-us, _n._ the Greek name for Venus as the evening-star.--_adj._ HESP[=E]'RIAN, of Hesperus or the west. [L.,--Gr. _hesperos_, evening.]

HESPERIDES, hes-per'[=i]-d[=e]z, _n.pl._ the name of the three sisters who guarded in their delightful gardens the golden apples which Hera, on her marriage with Zeus, had received from Gæa.

HESPERORNIS, hes-per-[=o]r'nis, _n._ an extinct form of bird, the remains of which have been met with in the American cretaceous deposits. [Gr. _hesperos_, western, _ornis_, a bird.]

HESSIAN, hesh'i-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to Hesse.--_n._ a native of Hesse: (_pl._) short for HESSIAN BOOTS, a kind of long boots first worn by Hessian troops.--HESSIAN FLY, a dipterous insect, in its larval state attacking stems of barley, wheat, and rye. [From _Hesse_, a grand-duchy of the German Empire.]

HEST, hest, _n._ (_Shak._) behest, command. [A.S. _h['æ]s_, a command--_hátan_, to command.]

HESTERNAL, hes-ter'nal, _adj._ of yesterday.

HESVAN, hes'van, _n._ the second month of the Jewish civil year.--Also HESH'VAN. [Heb.]

HESYCHAST, hes'i-kast, _n._ one of a mystic and contemplative sect of the Greek Church in the 14th century, whose members may be described as the Quietists of the East.--_n._ HES'YCHASM, their doctrines and practice. [Gr. _h[=e]sychast[=e]s_--_h[=e]sychos_, quiet.]

HETÆRA, he-t[=e]'ra, HETAIRA, he-t[=i]'ra, _n._ in Greece, a woman employed in public or private entertainment, as flute-playing, dancing, &c.: a paramour or courtesan.--_ns._ HETÆ'RISM, HETAIRISM (-t[=i]'), concubinage, open commerce between the sexes; HETÆROC'RACY, the rule of courtesans.--_n._ HETAI'RIST, one who practises hetærism.--adj. HETAIRIST'IC. [Gr. _hetaira_, fem. of _hetairos_, a companion.]

HETERARCHY, het'e-rär-ki, _n._ foreign rule.

HETERAUXESIS, het-e-rawk-s[=e]'sis, _n._ (_bot._) irregular or unsymmetrical growth.

HETEROBLASTIC, het-er-o-blas'tik, _adj._ derived from different cells:--opposed to _Homoblastic_. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _blastos_, bud, germ.]

HETEROCARPOUS, het-e-ro-kar'pus, _adj._ (_bot._) bearing fruit of two sorts.

HETEROCERCAL, het-er-o-s[.e]r'kal, _adj._ having the upper fork of the tail different from or longer than the lower, as the shark:--opposed to _Homocercal_.--_n._ HET'EROCERCY. [Gr. _heteros_, different from, _kerkos_, the tail.]

HETEROCHROMOUS, het-e-ro-kr[=o]'mus, _adj._ (_bot._) having different members unlike in colour.

HETEROCHRONY, het-e-rok'ro-ni, _n._ (_biol._) a divergence in ontogenetic sequence affecting the time of formation of parts or organs--also HETEROCHR[=O]'NIA.--_adj._ HETEROCHRON'IC.--_n._ HETEROCH'RONISM.--_adjs._ HETEROCHRONIST'IC; HETEROCH'RONOUS.

HETEROCLITE, het'er-o-kl[=i]t, _adj._ irregularly inflected: irregular--also HETEROCLIT'IC, -AL.--_n._ HET'EROCL[=I]TE, a word irregularly inflected: anything irregular.--_adj._ HETEROC'LITOUS. [Gr. _heteroklitos_--_heteros_, other, _klitos_, inflected--_klinein_, to inflect.]

HETERODACTYL, het-e-ro-dak'til, _adj._ having the digits irregular or peculiar in size, form, or position.--Also HETERODAC'TYLOUS.

HETERODONT, het'er-o-dont, _adj._ having different kinds of teeth:--opposed to _Homodont_.--_n.pl._ HETERODONT'A, an order of bivalves with hinge-teeth (cardinal and lateral) fitting into corresponding cavities in the opposite valve. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _odous_, _odont-_, a tooth.]

HETERODOX, het'er-o-doks, _adj._ holding an opinion other or different from the one generally received, esp. in theology: heretical.--_n._ HET'ERODOXY, heresy. [Gr. _heterodoxos_--_heteros_, other, _doxa_, an opinion--_dokein_, to think.]

HETEROECISM, het-e-r[=e]'sizm, _n._ the development, as of some parasitic fungi, of different stages of existence on different host-plants.--_adjs._ HETEROE'CIOUS, HETEROECIS'MAL. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _oikos_, a house.]

HETEROGAMOUS, het-e-rog'a-mus, _adj._ (_bot._) bearing two kinds of flowers which differ sexually, as in most Compositæ, &c.--_n._ HETEROG'AMY. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _gamos_, marriage.]

HETEROGENEOUS, het-er-o-j[=e]'ne-us, _adj._ of another race or kind: dissimilar: composed of different kinds or parts--also HETEROG[=E]N'EAL (_rare_):--opposed to _Homogeneous_.--_ns._ HETEROGEN[=E]'ITY, HETEROG[=E]N'EOUSNESS.--_adv._ HETEROG[=E]N'EOUSLY. [Gr. _heterogen[=e]s_--_heteros_, other, _genos_, a kind.]

HETEROGENESIS, het-er-[=o]-gen'e-sis, _n._ (_biol._) spontaneous generation, abiogenesis: generation in which the offspring differs in structure and habit from the parent animal or plant, the ancestral characteristics, however, ultimately reappearing--_Xenogenesis_ and _Alternate generation_ are other names--also HETEROG'ENY.--_adj._ HETEROGENET'IC. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _genesis_, generation.]

HETEROGONOUS, het-e-rog'[=o]-nus, _adj._ (_bot._) having flowers dimorphous or trimorphous as to the relative length of stamens and styles, an adaptation for cross-fertilisation. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _gonos_, generation.]

HETEROGRAPHY, het-e-rog'ra-fi, _n._ heterogeneous spelling.--_adj._ HETEROGRAPH'IC.

HETEROLOGY, het-er-ol'oj-i, _n._ abnormality, want of true morphological affinity.--_adj._ HETEROL'OGOUS. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _logia_, relation.]

HETEROMEROUS, het-e-rom'e-rus, _adj._ diversiform. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _meros_, a part.]

HETEROMORPHIC, het-e-ro-mor'fik, _adj._ deviating in form from a given type--also HETEROMOR'PHOUS.--_ns._ HETEROMOR'PHISM; HETEROMOR'PHY. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _morph[=e]_, form.]

HETERONOMOUS, het-er-on'o-mus, _adj._ differentiated from a common type: subject to the rule of another.--_n._ HETERON'OMY, subordination to law imposed by another:--opposed to _Autonomy_. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _nomos_, law.]

HETERONYM, het'er-o-nim, _n._ a word spelled like another, but with a different sound and meaning, as _lead_, to guide; _lead_, the metal.--_adj._ HETERON'YMOUS.--_n._ HETERON'YMY. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _onoma_, a name.]

HETEROÖUSIAN. See HETEROUSIAN.

HETEROPATHY, het-e-rop'a-thi, _n._ allopathy.--_adj._ HETEROPATH'IC.

HETEROPHEMY, het-e-ro-f[=e]'mi, _n._ the saying of one thing when another is meant.--_v.i._ HETEROPH[=E]'MISE.--_ns._ HETEROPH[=E]'MISM; HETEROPH[=E]'MIST.--_adj._ HETEROPHEMIS'TIC. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _ph[=e]m[=e]_, a saying.]

HETEROPHYLLOUS, het'er-o-fil'us, _adj._ (_bot._) having two different kinds of leaves on the same stem. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _phyllon_, a leaf.]

HETEROPLASIA, het-e-ro-pl[=a]'si-a, _n._ the development of abnormal tissue by diseased action.--_adj._ HETEROPLAS'TIC.--_n._ HETEROPLAS'TY. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _plasis_, a forming.]

HETEROPODA, het-er-op'o-da, _n.pl._ pelagic gasteropods in which the 'foot' has become a swimming organ.--n. HET'EROPOD, one of the Heteropoda. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _pous_, _podos_, a foot.]

HETEROPTERA, het-e-rop'te-ra, _n.pl._ a sub-order of _Hemiptera_.--_adj._ HETEROP'TEROUS. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _pteron_, a wing.]

HETEROPTICS, het-e-rop'tiks, _n._ perverted vision. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _optikos_, optic]

HETEROSCIAN, het-e-rosh'i-an, _adj._ and _n._ pertaining to a person living on one side of the equator, as contrasted with one living on the other side. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _skia_, a shadow.]

HETEROSOMATA, het-e-ro-s[=o]'ma-ta, _n.pl._ the flat-fishes.--_adj._ HETEROS[=O]'MATOUS. [Gr. _heteros_, different, _s[=o]ma_, pl. _s[=o]mata_, a body.]

HETEROSPOROUS, het-e-ro-sp[=o]'rus, _adj._ having more than one kind of asexually produced spores. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _sporos_, seed.]

HETEROSTROPHIC, het-e-r[=o]-strof'ik, _adj._ reversed in direction.--_n._ HETEROS'TROPHY. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _stroph[=e]_, a turning.]

HETEROSTYLED, het'e-r[=o]-st[=i]ld, _adj._ same as HETEROGONOUS (q.v.).--_n._ HETEROSTYL'ISM. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _stylos_, a pillar.]

HETEROTAXIS, het-er-o-tak'sis, _n._ anomalous arrangement of organs.--_adj._ HETEROTAX'IC. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _taxis_, arrangement.]

HETEROTOMOUS, het-er-ot'o-mus, _adj._ (_min._) having a cleavage different from the common variety. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _tom[=e]_, a cutting.]

HETEROTOPY, het-e-rot'o-pi, _n._ misplacement.--_adj._ HETEROT'OPOUS. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _topos_, place.]

HETEROTROPHY, het-e-rot'rof-i, _n._ (_bot._) an abnormal mode of obtaining nutrition. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _troph[=e]_, food.]

HETEROUSIAN, het'e-r[=oo]-zi-an, _n._ and _adj._ one who believes the Father and Son to be unlike in substance or essence:--opposed to _Homoöusian_: an Arian.--Also HETEROÖU'SIAN. [Gr. _heteros_, other, _ousia_, substance, _einai_, to be.]

HETMAN, het'man, _n._ the title of the head or general of the Cossacks. [Russ.]

HEUGH, HEUCH, h[=u]h, _n._ (_Scot._) a crag, a glen with steep sides. [See HOW, a hill.]

HEULANDITE, h[=u]'lan-d[=i]t, _n._ a mineral of the zeolite group--from H. _Heuland_, an English mineralogist.

HEURISTIC, h[=u]-ris'tik, _adj._ serving to find out.--_n._ the art of discovery in logic: the method in education by which the pupil is set to find out things for himself. [From the root of Gr. _heuriskein_, to find; also spelt _euriskein_. See EUREKA.]

HEW, h[=u], _v.t._ to cut with any sharp instrument: to cut in pieces: to shape.--_v.i._ to deal blows with a cutting instrument:--_pa.p._ hewed, or hewn.--_n._ (_Spens._) hacking.--_n._ HEW'ER, one who hews. [A.S. _héawan_; Ger. _hauen_.]

HEXACHORD, hek'sa-kord, _n._ a diatonic series of six notes, having a semitone between the third and fourth. [Gr. _hex_, six, _chord[=e]_, a string.]

HEXAD, hek'sad, _n._ a series of six numbers: (_chem._) an element or radical with the combining power of six units--i.e. of six atoms of hydrogen.

HEXADACTYLOUS, hek-sa-dak'ti-lus, _adj._ having six fingers or toes.--_n._ HEXADAC'TYLISM.

HEXAËMERON, hek-sa-[=e]'me-ron, _n._ a period of six days, esp. that of the creation, according to Genesis: a history of the six days of creation. [Late Gr. _hexa[=e]meros_--_hex_, six, _h[=e]mera_, a day.]

HEXAGON, heks'a-gon, _n._ a figure with six sides and six angles.--_adj._ HEXAG'ONAL.--_adv._ HEXAG'ONALLY.--_v.t._ HEX'AGONISE. [Gr. _hexag[=o]non_--_hex_, six, _g[=o]nia_, an angle.]

HEXAGYNIA, hek-sa-jin'i-a, _n._ in the Linnæan system an order of plants having six styles.--_adjs._ HEXAGYN'IAN, HEXAG'YNOUS.

HEXAHEDRON, heks-a-h[=e]'dron, _n._ a cube, a regular solid with six sides or faces, each of these being a square.--_adj._ HEXAH[=E]'DRAL. [Gr. _hex_, six, _hedra_, a base.]

HEXAMETER, hek-sam'et-[.e]r, _n._ a verse of six measures or feet, the first four dactyls or spondees, the fifth a dactyl (sometimes a spondee), the sixth a spondee or trochee.--_adj._ having six metrical feet.--_adjs._ HEXAMET'RIC, -AL.--_n._ HEXAM'ETRIST, a writer of hexameters. [L.,--Gr. _hex_, six, _metron_, a measure.]

HEXANDRIA, heks-an'dri-a, _n._ a Linnæan class of plants having six stamens.--_adj._ HEXAN'DRIAN. [Gr. _hex_, six, _an[=e]r_, _andros_, a man, male.]

HEXANGULAR, hek-sang'g[=u]-lar, _adj._ having six angles.

HEXAPETALOUS, hek-sa-pet'a-lus, _adj._ having six petals.

HEXAPHYLLOUS, hek-sa-fil'us, _adj._ having six leaves or leaflets. [Gr. _hex_, six, _phyllon_, a leaf.]

HEXAPLA, heks'a-pla, _n._ an edition of the Bible in six versions, as that made by Origen of the Old Testament.--_adj._ HEX'APLAR. [Gr. _hexapla_, pl. neut. of _hexaplous_, sixfold.]

HEXAPOD, heks'a-pod, _n._ an animal with six feet.--_n._ HEXAP'ODY, a line or verse of six feet. [Gr. _hexapous_, _-podos_--_hex_, six, _pous_, a foot.]

HEXASTICH, heks'a-stik, _n._ a poem or stanza of six lines. [Gr. _hexastichos_--_hex_, six, _stichos_, a line.]

HEXASTYLE, heks'a-st[=i]l, _adj._ having six columns, of a portico or temple having six columns in front. [Gr. _hexastylos_--_hex_, six, _stylos_, a pillar.]

HEXATEUCH, heks'a-t[=u]k, _n._ the first six books of the Old Testament.--_adj._ HEX'ATEUCHAL. [From Gr. _hex_, six, and _teuchos_, a book.]

HEY, h[=a], _interj._ expressive of joy or interrogation.--_interj._ HEY'DAY, expressive of frolic, exultation, or wonder.--_n._ exaltation of the spirits: the wild gaiety of youth: period of fullest vigour.--_n._ HEY'DEGUY (_Spens._), a country dance or round.--_interjs._ HEY'-GO-MAD, expressing a high degree of excitement; HEY'-PASS (_Milt._), an expression used by jugglers during their performance. [Imit.]

HEYDUCK. See HAIDUK.

HI! h[=i], _interj._ expressing wonder or derision, or calling attention.

HIATUS, h[=i]-[=a]'tus, _n._ a gap: an opening: a chasm: a break in continuity, a defect: (_gram._) a concurrence of vowel sounds in two successive syllables. [L.,--_hi[=a]re_, _hi[=a]tum_, to gape.]

HIBERNATE, h[=i]'b[.e]r-n[=a]t, _v.i._ to winter: to pass the winter in torpor: to live in seclusion.--_ns._ HIBER'NACLE, a winter covering; HIBERNAC'ULUM, any part of a plant protecting an embryonic organ during the winter.--_adj._ HIBER'NAL, belonging to winter: wintry.--_n._ HIBERN[=A]'TION, the state of torpor in which many animals pass the winter. [L. _hibern[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_hibernus_, wintry--_hiems_, winter.]

HIBERNIAN, h[=i]-b[.e]r'ni-an, _adj._ relating to Hibernia or Ireland.--_n._ an Irishman.--_ns._ HIBER'NIANISM, HIBER'NICISM, an Irish idiom or peculiarity.--_adv._ HIBER'NICALLY.--_v.t._ HIBER'NIC[=I]SE, to render Irish.--_n._ HIBERNIS[=A]'TION, a making Irish. [L. _Hibernia_, Ireland.]

HIBISCUS, h[=i]-bis'kus, _n._ a genus of malvaceous plants, mostly tropical. [L.,--Gr. _hibiscos_, mallow.]

HIC, hik, _interj._ a syllable expressing the sound made by one affected with a drunken hiccup.

HICCATEE, HICATEE, hik-a-t[=e]', _n._ a fresh-water tortoise of Central America.

HICCUP, hik'up, _n._ the involuntary contraction of the diaphragm, while the glottis is spasmodically closed: the sound caused by this--also, but erroneously, HIC'COUGH.--_v.i._ to be affected with hiccup.--_v.t._ to say with a hiccup:--_pr.p._ hicc'upping; _pa.p._ hicc'upped.--_adj._ HICC'UPY, marked by hiccups. [Imit.; cf. Dut. _hik_, Dan. _hikke_, Bret. _hik_. The spelling _hiccough_ is due to a confusion with _cough_.]

HICKORY, hik'or-i, _n._ a genus (_Carva_) of North American nut-bearing trees, with heavy strong tenacious wood, used for shafts of carriages, handles of axes, &c. [_Pohickery_; of Indian origin.]

HICKWALL, hik'-wal, _n._ (_prov._) the green woodpecker.

HID, HIDDEN. See HIDE.

HIDALGO, hi-dal'g[=o], _n._ a Spanish nobleman of the lowest class.--_adj._ HIDAL'GOISH.--_n._ HIDAL'GOISM. [Sp., _hijo de algo_, 'the son of something.']

HIDE, h[=i]d, _v.t._ to conceal: to keep in safety.--_v.i._ to lie concealed:--_pa.t._ hid; _pa.p._ hid'den, hid.--_adj._ HID'DEN, concealed: unknown.--_adv._ HID'DENLY, in a hidden or secret manner: privily--(_Scot._) HID'LINS.--_adj._ HID'DENMOST, most hidden.--_n._ HID'DENNESS.--_ns._ HIDE'-AND-SEEK', a children's game, where one seeks the others who have hid themselves; HIDE'AWAY, a fugitive.--_adj._ that hides away.--_n._ HID'ING, a place of concealment [A.S. _hýdan_, to hide; cf. Low Ger. _hûden_, Gr. _keuthein_.]

HIDE, h[=i]d, _n._ the skin of an animal, esp. the larger animals, sometimes used derogatorily for human skin.--_v.t._ to flog or whip.--_adj._ HIDE'-BOUND, having the hide closely bound to the body, as in animals: in trees, having the bark so close that it impedes the growth: stubborn, bigoted, obstinate.--_n._ HID'ING, a thrashing. [A.S. _hýd_; Ger. _haut_, L. _cutis_.]

HIDE, h[=i]d, _n._ in old English law, a certain area of land, from 60 to 100 acres.--_n._ HID'AGE, a tax once assessed on every hide of land. [A.S. _híd_, contracted from _hígid_--_híw-_, _híg-_, household.]

HIDEOUS, hid'e-us, _adj._ frightful: horrible: ghastly.--_ns._ HIDEOS'ITY, HID'EOUSNESS.--_adv._ HID'EOUSLY. [O. Fr. _hideus_, _hisdos_--_hide_, _hisde_, dread, prob.--L. _hispidus_, rough, rude.]

HIDROTIC, hid-rot'ik, _adj._ sudorific.--_n._ a sudorific.

HIE, h[=i], _v.i._ to hasten.--_v.t._ to urge on: pass quickly over:--_pr.p._ hie'ing; _pa.p._ hied. [A.S. _hígian_.]

HIE, HIGH, h[=i], _n._ (_prov._) the call to a horse to turn to the left:--opposite of HUP.

HIELAMAN, h[=i]'la-man, _n._ the native Australian narrow shield of bark or wood.

HIEMS, h[=i]'emz, _n._ (_Shak._) winter.--_adj._ H[=I]'EMAL.--_v.t._ H[=I]'EMATE.--_n._ HIEM[=A]'TION, hibernation. [L.]

HIERACOSPHINX, h[=i]-er-[=a]'ko-sfingks, _n._ See SPHINX.

HIERA-PICRA, h[=i]'e-ra-pik'ra, _n._ a purgative drug from aloes and canella bark.--Also _Hickery-pickery_, _Higry-pigry_. [Gr. _hiera_, fem. of _hieros_, sacred, _pikra_, fem. of _pikros_, bitter.]

HIERARCH, h[=i]'[.e]r-ärk, _n._ a ruler in sacred matters.--_adjs._ HI'ERARCHAL, HIERARCH'ICAL.--_adv._ HIERARCH'ICALLY.--_ns._ H[=I]'ERARCHISM; H[=I]'ERARCHY, rule in sacred matters: persons that so rule: the body of the clergy: a government by priests: a series of successive terms of different rank; HIEROC'RACY, government by priests.--CELESTIAL HIERARCHY, the collective body of angels, grouped in three divisions and nine orders of different power and glory: (1) seraphim, cherubim, thrones; (2) dominations or dominions, virtues, powers; (3) principalities, archangels, angels. [Gr. _hierarch[=e]s_--_hieros_, sacred, _archein_, to rule.]

HIERATIC, h[=i]-[.e]r-at'ik, _adj._ sacred: relating to priests, applying to a certain kind of ancient Egyptian writing, which consisted of abridged forms of hieroglyphics; also to certain styles in art. [L. _hieraticus_--Gr. _hieratikos_--_hieros_, sacred.]

HIEROGLYPHIC, h[=i]-[.e]r-o-glif'ik, also H[=I]'EROGLYPH, _n._ the sacred characters of the ancient Egyptian language: picture-writing, or writing in which figures of objects are employed instead of conventional signs, like the alphabet--hieroglyphics are either _phonetic_ or _ideographic_, the former comprising signs which represent sounds, the latter those which represent ideas: any symbolical or enigmatical figure.--_v.t._ H[=I]'EROGLYPH, to represent by hieroglyphs.--_adjs._ HIEROGLYPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ HIEROGLYPH'ICALLY.--_n._ HIEROG'LYPHIST, one skilled in hieroglyphics. [Gr. _hieroglyphikon_--_hieros_, sacred, _glyphein_, to carve.]

HIEROGRAM, h[=i]'er-o-gram, _n._ a hieroglyphic symbol.--_adjs._ HIEROGRAMMAT'IC, -AL.--_ns._ HIEROGRAM'MATIST, HIEROGRAM'MATE, a writer of sacred records; H[=I]'EROGRAPH, a sacred symbol; HIEROG'RAPHER, a sacred scribe.--_adjs._ HIEROGRAPH'IC, -AL, pertaining to sacred writing.--_n._ HIEROG'RAPHY, a description of sacred things. [Gr. _hieros_, sacred, _gramma_, a writing.]

HIEROLATRY, h[=i]-er-ol'a-tri, _n._ the worship of saints or sacred things.

HIEROLOGY, h[=i]-[.e]r-ol'o-ji, _n._ the science of sacred matters, esp. ancient writing and Egyptian inscriptions.--_adj._ HIEROLOG'IC.--_n._ HIEROL'OGIST. [Gr. _hierologia_--_hieros_, sacred, _legein_, to speak.]

HIEROMANCY, h[=i]-er-o-man'si, _n._ divination by observing the objects offered in sacrifice.

HIERONYMIC, h[=i]-e-r[=o]-nim'ik, _adj._ of or pertaining to St Jerome--also HIERONYM'IAN.--_n._ HIERON'YMITE, one of the many hermit orders established in the course of the 13th and 14th centuries. [L. _Hieronymus_, Jerome.]

HIEROPATHIC, h[=i]-er-o-path'ik, _adj._ consisting in love of the clergy.

HIEROPHANT, h[=i]'[.e]r-o-fant, _n._ one who shows or reveals sacred things: a priest.--_adj._ HIEROPHANT'IC, belonging to or relating to hierophants. [Gr. _hierophant[=e]s_--_hieros_, sacred, _phainein_, to show.]

HIEROSCOPY, h[=i]-er-os'ko-pi, _n._ the same as hieromancy.

HIEROSOLYMITAN, h[=i]-e-r[=o]-sol'i-m[=i]-tan, _adj._ of or pertaining to Jerusalem. [L. _Hierosolyma_, Jerusalem.]

HIERURGY, h[=i]'er-ur'ji, _n._ a sacred performance.--_adj._ HIERUR'GICAL.

HIGGLE, hig'l, _v.i._ to make difficulty in bargaining: to chaffer.--_v.i._ HIGG'LE-HAGG'LE, a reduplicated variant of _higgle_.--_ns._ HIGG'LER; HIGG'LING. [Prob. a form of _haggle_.]

HIGGLEDY-PIGGLEDY, hig'l-di-pig'l-di, _adv._ and _adj._ topsy-turvy: (_coll._) upside down. [A word coined to express a meaningless jumble.]

HIGH, h[=i], _adj._ elevated: lofty: tall: elevated relatively to something, as upward from a base, in position from the mouth of a river, &c.: eminent in anything: exalted in rank: dignified: chief: noble: ostentatious: arrogant: proud: strong, intensified: extreme in opinion: powerful: angry: loud: violent: tempestuous: shrill: excellent: far advanced: difficult: dear: remote in time: slightly tainted (of game, &c.).--_adv._ aloft: eminently: powerfully: profoundly: of flesh, on the point of beginning to decay.--_ns._ HIGH'-AD'MIRAL, a high or chief admiral of a fleet; HIGH'-AL'TAR, the principal altar in a church; HIGH'-BAIL'IFF, an officer who serves writs, &c., in certain franchises, exempt from the ordinary supervision of the sheriff; HIGH'-BIND'ER (_U.S._), a rowdy, ruffian, blackmailer.--_adjs._ HIGH'-BLEST (_Milt._), supremely blest or happy; HIGH'-BLOOD'ED, of noble lineage; HIGH'-BLOWN, swelled with wind: (_Shak._) inflated, as with pride; HIGH'-BORN, of high or noble birth; HIGH'-BRED, of high or noble breed, training, or family.--_ns._ HIGH'-CHURCH, applied to a party within the Church of England, which exalts the authority of the Episcopate and the priesthood, the saving grace of sacraments, &c. (also _adj._); HIGH'-CHURCH'ISM; HIGH'-CHURCH'MAN.--_adj._ HIGH'-COL'OURED, having a strong or glaring colour.--_ns._ HIGH'-COURT, a supreme court; HIGH'-CROSS, a market cross; HIGH'-DAY, a holiday or festival: (_B._) broad daylight.--_adj._ befitting a festival.--_v.t._ HIGH'ER, to raise higher: to lift.--_v.i._ to ascend.--_n._ HIGH'-FAL[=U]'TIN, bombastic discourse.--_adj._ bombastic: pompous.--_adj._ HIGH'-FED, fed highly or luxuriously: pampered.--_ns._ HIGH'-FEED'ING; HIGH'-FLIER, a bird that flies high: one who runs into extravagance of opinion or action.--_adjs._ HIGH'-FLOWN, extravagant: elevated: turgid; HIGH'-FLY'ING, extravagant in conduct or opinion; HIGH'-GROWN (_Shak._), covered with a high growth; HIGH'-HAND'ED, overbearing: violent: arbitrary.--_n._ HIGH'-HAND'EDNESS.--_adjs._ HIGH'-HEART'ED, with the heart full of courage; HIGH'-HEELED, wearing high heels--of shoes.--_n._ HIGH'-JINKS, boisterous play or jollity: an old Scotch pastime in which persons played various parts under penalty of a forfeit.--_adj._ HIGH'-KILT'ED, wearing the kilt or petticoat high: indecorous.--_n._ and _adj._ HIGH'LAND, a mountainous district, esp. in _pl._ that portion of Scotland lying north and west of a line drawn diagonally from Nairn to Dumbarton.--_ns._ HIGH'LANDER, HIGH'LANDMAN, an inhabitant of a mountainous region; HIGH'-LOW, a high shoe fastened with a leather thong in front.--_adv._ HIGH'LY.--_n._ HIGH'-MASS (see MASS).--_adjs._ HIGH'-METT'LED, high-spirited, courageous; HIGH'-MIND'ED, having a high, proud, or arrogant mind: having honourable pride: magnanimous.--_n._ HIGH'-MIND'EDNESS.--_adjs._ HIGH'MOST, highest; HIGH'-NECKED, of a dress, cut so as to cover the shoulders and neck.--_n._ HIGH'NESS, the state of being high: dignity of rank: a title of honour given to princes.--_adj._ HIGH'-PITCHED, high-strung: haughty.--_n._ HIGH'-PLACE (_B._), an eminence on which idolatrous rites were performed by the Jews--hence the idols, &c., themselves.--_adjs._ HIGH'-PRESS'URE, applied to a steam-engine in which the steam is raised to a high temperature, so that the pressure may exceed that of the atmosphere; HIGH'-PRICED, costly.--_ns._ HIGH'-PRIEST (see PRIEST); HIGH'-PRIEST'ESS; HIGH'-PRIEST'HOOD.--_adjs._ HIGH'-PRIN'CIPLED, of high, noble, or strict principle; HIGH'-PROOF, proved to contain much alcohol: highly rectified; HIGH'-RAISED, raised aloft: elevated; HIGH'-REACH'ING, reaching upwards: ambitious.--_n._ HIGH'-ROAD, one of the public or chief roads: a road for general traffic.--_adjs._ HIGH'-SEA'SONED, made rich or piquant with spices or other seasoning; HIGH'-SIGHT'ED (_Shak._), always looking upwards; HIGH'-SOULED, having a high or lofty soul or spirit; HIGH'-SOUND'ING, pompous: ostentatious; HIGH'-SPIR'ITED, having a high spirit or natural fire: bold: daring: irascible.--_n._ HIGH'-STEP'PER, a horse that lifts its feet high from the ground.--_adjs._ HIGH'-STEP'PING, having a proud or conceited carriage or walk; HIGH'-STOM'ACHED (_Shak._), proud-spirited, lofty, obstinate; HIGH'-STRUNG, high-spirited: sensitive.--_n._ HIGHT (_Milt._), obsolete form of height.--_adj._ HIGH'-TAST'ED, having a strong, piquant taste or relish.--_n._ HIGH'-TIDE (_rare_), a great festival.--_adj._ HIGH'-TONED, high in pitch: dignified.--_ns._ HIGH'-TOP (_Shak._), a mast-head; HIGH'-TREA'SON, treason against the sovereign or state.--_adj._ HIGH'-VICED (_Shak._), enormously wicked.--_ns._ HIGH'-WA'TER, the time at which the tide is highest: the greatest elevation of the tide; HIGH'-WA'TER-MARK, the highest line so reached; HIGH'WAY, a public road on which all have right to go: the main or usual way or course; HIGH'WAYMAN, a robber who attacks people on the public way.--_adj._ HIGH'-WROUGHT, wrought with exquisite skill: highly finished: agitated.--HIGH AND DRY, of a ship, up out of the water: disabled; HIGH AND LOW, rich and poor, people of every condition; HIGH AND MIGHTY, exalted: arrogant; HIGH CELEBRATION (see CELEBRATION); HIGH LIFE, the life of fashionable society: the people of this society; HIGH LIVING, over-indulgence in the pleasures of the table; HIGH SEAS, the open sea, including the whole extent of sea so far as it is not the exclusive property of any particular country; HIGH TABLE, the table in the dining-hall of a college where the dons sit; HIGH TEA, a tea with hot meat, &c., as opposed to a plain tea.--A HIGH HAND, OR ARM, might: power: audacity; A HIGH TIME, A HIGH OLD TIME (_coll._), a time of special jollity or enthusiasm; BE HIGH TIME, to be fully time something was done that should have been done well before; BE ON ONE'S HIGH HORSE, to assume an attitude of fancied superiority: to be arrogant.--HIGHLAND COSTUME, the fillibeg or kilt, shoulder-plaid, sporran, &c.; HIGHLAND REGIMENTS, a number of regiments in the British army, wearing the Highland dress and feather-bonnet, or tartan trews and shakos.--IN HIGH FEATHER, in high spirits: happy; ON HIGH, in or to a height; ON THE HIGH ROPES (_coll._), in an elated or highly excited mood; WITH A HIGH HAND, arrogantly. [A.S. _héah_; Goth. _hauhs_, Ice. _hár_, Ger. _hoch_.]

HIGHT, h[=i]t, _v.t._ to command: (_Spens._) to call, name.--_v.i._ (orig. _pass._) to be called or named, to have as a name; therefore third pers. sing., HIGHT=he was or is called. [M. E. _highte_--A.S. _hátte_, I was called, _pa.t._ of _hátan_, to call, to be called. Cf. Ger. _ich heisse_, I am named, from _heissen_, to call.]

HIGHTY-TIGHTY, h[=i]'ti-t[=i]'ti, _adj._ the same as HOITY-TOITY (q.v.).

HIJRA, HIJRAH. Same as HEGIRA.

HILAR, h[=i]'lar, _adj._ pertaining to a hilum.

HILARIOUS, hi-l[=a]'ri-us, _adj._ gay: very merry.--_adv._ HIL[=A]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ HILAR'ITY, gaiety: pleasurable excitement. [L. _hilaris_--Gr. _hilaros_, cheerful.]

HILARY, hil'ar-i, _adj._ a term or session of the High Court of Justice in England; also one of the university terms at Oxford and Dublin--from St _Hilary_ of Poitiers (died 367), festival, Jan. 13.

HILCH, hilch, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to hobble.--_n._ a limp.

HILDEBRANDISM, hil'de-brand-izm, _n._ the spirit and policy of _Hildebrand_ (Pope Gregory VII., 1073-85), unbending assertion of the power of the Church, &c.--_adj._ HILDEBRAND'IC.

HILDING, hild'ing, _n._ a mean, cowardly person, a dastard.--_adj._ cowardly, spiritless. [Prob. _hield_, to bend down.]

HILL, hil, _n._ a high mass of land, less than a mountain.--_n._ HILL'-DIG'GER, one who digs into barrows, &c., for buried treasure.--_adj._ HILLED, having hills.--_ns.pl._ HILL'-FOLK, HILL'MEN, people living or hiding among the hills: the Scotch sect of Cameronians, the Covenanters generally.--_ns._ HILL'-FORT, a prehistoric stronghold; HILL'INESS; HILL'OCK, a small hill.--_adj._ HILL'OCKY.--_ns._ HILL'-SIDE, the slope of a hill; HILL'-TOP, the summit of a hill.--_adj._ HILL'Y, full of hills.--UP HILL AND DOWN DALE, vigorously and persistently. [A.S. _hyll_; cf. L. _collis_, a hill, _celsus_, high.]

HILLO, hil'[=o], _interj._ Same as HALLO.

HILT, hilt, _n._ the handle, esp. of a sword.--_adj._ HILT'ED, having a hilt.--UP TO THE HILT, completely, thoroughly, to the full. [A.S. _hilt_; Dut. _hilte_, Old High Ger. _helza_; not conn. with _hold_.]

HILUM, h[=i]'lum, _n._ the scar on a seed at the point of union with the placenta: (_anat._) the depression at the place where ducts, vessels, and nerves enter an organ.--_adj._ H[=I]'LAR. [L.]

HIM, him, _pron._ the objective case of _he_.--_pron._ HIM'SELF, the emphatic and reflective form of _he_ and _him_: the proper character of a person. [A.S. _him_, dat. sing. masc. and neut. of _he_, _it_.]

HIMATION, hi-mat'i-on, _n._ the ancient Greek outer garment, oblong, thrown over the left shoulder, and fastened either over or under the right. [Gr.]

HIMYARITIC, him-ya-rit'ik, _adj._ a name formerly applied to the language of the ancient Sabæan inscriptions in the south-west of Arabia. [_Himyar_, a traditional king of Yemen.]

HIN, hin, _n._ a Hebrew liquid measure containing about six English quarts. [Heb.]

HIND, h[=i]nd, _n._ the female of the stag or red-deer.--_n._ HIND'BERRY, the raspberry. [A.S. _hind_; Dut. and Ger. _hinde_.]

HIND, h[=i]nd, _n._ a farm-servant, esp. one having charge of a pair of horses, with cottage on the farm, formerly bound to supply a female field-worker (_bondager_). [A.S. _hína_=_híwna_, gen. pl. of _híwan_, domestics.]

HIND, h[=i]nd, _adj._ placed in the rear: pertaining to the part behind: backward:--opp. to _Fore_.--_adj._ HIND'ER, the older form of _hind_, but used in the same significations.--_n._ HIND'ER-END, the latter end: (_Scot._) buttocks.--_n.pl._ HIND'ERLINS (_Scot._), the buttocks.--_adjs._ HIND'ERMOST, HIND'MOST, superlative of _hind_, farthest behind; HIND'-FORE'MOST, the back part in the front place. [A.S. _hindan_ (adv.), back, _hinder_, backwards; Goth. _hindar_, Ger. _hinter_, behind.]

HINDER, hin'd[.e]r, _v.t._ to put or keep behind: to stop, or prevent progress: to embarrass.--_v.i._ to be an obstacle.--_ns._ HIN'DERANCE, HIN'DRANCE, act of hindering: that which hinders: obstacle. [A.S. _hindrian_; Ger. _hindern_.]

HINDI, hin'd[=e], _n._ and _adj._ one of the languages of Aryan stock now spoken in Northern India.--Also HIN'DEE. [Urd[=u], _Hind_, 'India.']

HINDU, HINDOO, hin'd[=oo], _n._ a native of Hindustan: now more properly applied to native Indian believers in Brahmanism, as opposed to Mohammedans, &c.--_ns._ HIN'DUISM, HIN'DOOISM, the religion and customs of the Hindus. [_Sindhu_, Sans. for Indus.]

HINDUSTANI, HINDOOSTANEE, hin-d[=oo]-stan'[=e], _n._ a dialect of Hindi, also called _Urd[=u]_, the chief official and commercial language of India.--Also _adj._

HINGE, hinj, _n._ the hook or joint on which a door or lid hangs: that on which anything depends or turns.--_v.t._ to furnish with hinges: to bend.--_v.i._ to hang or turn as on a hinge: to depend on:--_pr.p._ hing'ing; _pa.p._ hinged.--_n._ HINGE'-JOINT (_anat._), a joint in which the bones move.--OFF THE HINGES, in a state of confusion. [Related to _hang_.]

HINNY, hin'i, _n._ the offspring of a stallion and she-ass. [L. _hinnus_--Gr. _ginnos_, later _hinnos_, a mule.]

HINNY, hin'i, _n._ a Scotch variant of _honey_.

HINNY, hin'i, _v.i._ to neigh, whinny.

HINT, hint, _n._ a distant or indirect allusion: slight mention: insinuation.--_v.t._ to bring to mind by a slight mention or remote allusion: to allude to.--_v.i._ to make an indirect or remote allusion: to allude.--_adv._ HINT'INGLY.--HINT AT, to allude to obscurely. [A.S. _hentan_, to seize.]

HINTERLAND, hint'[.e]r-land, _n._ the district behind that lying along the coast, or along a river. [Ger.]

HIP, hip, _n._ the haunch or fleshy part of the thigh: (_archit._) the external angle formed by the sides of a roof when the end slopes backward instead of terminating in a gable.--_v.t._ to sprain the hip:--_pr.p._ hip'ping; _pa.p._ hipped, hipt.--_ns._ HIP'-BATH, a bath to sit in--also _Sitz-bath_; HIP'-GIR'DLE, -BELT, the 14th-century sword-belt, passing diagonally from waist to hip; HIP'-GOUT, sciatica; HIP'-JOINT, the articulation of the head of the thigh-bone with the ilium; HIP'-KNOB, an ornament placed on the apex of the hips of a roof or on a gable; HIP'-LOCK, a trick in wrestling by which one throws a leg and hip before the other to throw him; HIP'PING, a napkin wrapped about an infant's hips.--_adj._ HIP'-SHOT, having the hip out of joint.--HIP-AND-THIGH, in phrase, 'smitten hip-and-thigh'=smitten both before and behind, completely overpowered.--HAVE, CATCH, ON THE HIP, to get an advantage over some one--a metaphor from the wrestling-ring. [A.S. _hype_; Goth. _hups_, Ger. _hüfte_.]

HIP, hip, HEP, hep, _n._ the fruit of the wild brier or dog-rose. [A.S. _héope_, a hip.]

HIP, HYP, hip, _n._ hypochondria.--_v.t._ to render melancholy.--_adjs._ HIPPED, rendered melancholy; HIP'PISH, somewhat hypochondriac. [A corr. of _hypochondria_.]

HIP, hip, _interj._ an exclamation to invoke a united cheer--_Hip'-hip'-hurr'ah_.

HIPPARION, hi-p[=a]'ri-on, _n._ a fossil genus of _Equidæ_. [Gr. _hipparion_, dim. of _hippos_, a horse.]

HIPPETY-HOPPETY, hip'e-ti-hop'e-ti, _adv._ hopping and skipping.--_n._ HIPP'ETY-HOP.

HIPPIATRIC, hip-i-at'rik, _adj._ relating to the treatment of the diseases of horses.--_n.pl._ HIPPIAT'RICS.--_ns._ HIPPIAT'RIST; HIPPIAT'RY.--_adj._ HIPP'IC, relating to horses.

HIPPOCAMPUS, hip'o-kam-pus, _n._ a genus of small fishes with head and neck somewhat like those of a horse, the _sea-horse_: (_anat._) a raised curved trace on the floor of the lateral ventricle of the brain. [Gr. _hippokampos_--_hippos_, a horse, _kampos_, a sea-monster.]

HIPPOCENTAUR, hip-o-sent'awr, _n._ Same as CENTAUR. [Gr. _hippos_, a horse, and _centaur_.]

HIPPOCRAS, hip'o-kras, _n._ an aromatic medicated wine, formerly much used as a cordial.--_adj._ HIPPOCRAT'IC, pertaining to the Greek physician _Hippocrates_ (born 460 B.C.).--_v.t._ HIPPOC'RATISE.--_n._ HIPPOC'RATISM.

HIPPOCRENE, hip'o-kr[=e]n, _n._ a fountain on the northern slopes of Mount Helicon, in Greece, sacred to the Muses and Apollo. [L.,--Gr. _hippokr[=e]n[=e]_--_hippos_, a horse, _kr[=e]n[=e]_, a fountain.]

HIPPOCREPIAN, hip-o-kr[=e]'pi-an, _adj._ horse-shoe shaped. [Gr. _hippos_, a horse, _kr[=e]pis_, a shoe.]

HIPPODAME, hip'o-d[=a]m, _n._ (_Spens._) the sea-horse.--_n._ HIPPOD'AMIST, a horse-tamer.--_adj._ HIPPOD'AMOUS, horse-taming.

HIPPODROME, hip'o-dr[=o]m, _n._ the Greek name for a racecourse for horses and chariots: an equestrian circus: (_U.S._) a fraudulent athletic game or contest in which the result is prearranged.--_v.t._ to conduct races in such a way.--_adj._ HIPPODROM'IC.--_n._ HIPPOD'ROMIST, a circus trainer or rider. [Fr.,--Gr. _hippodromos_--_hippos_, a horse, _dromos_, a course.]

HIPPOGRIFF, HIPPOGRYPH, hip'o-grif, _n._ a fabulous animal represented as a winged horse with the head of a griffin. [Fr. _hippogriffe_--Gr. _hippos_, a horse, _gryps_, a griffin.]

HIPPOLOGY, hip-ol'o-ji, _n._ the study of horses.--_adj._ HIPPOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ HIPPOL'OGIST.

HIPPOMANES, hip-om'an-[=e]z, _n._ an ancient love-philtre obtained from a mare or foal.--_n._ HIPP'OMANE, a genus of plants of the natural order _Euphorbiaceæ_, the manchineel-tree. [Gr.]

HIPPOPATHOLOGY, hip-o-pa-thol'o-ji, _n._ the pathology of the horse: the science of veterinary medicine. [Gr. _hippos_, a horse, and _pathology_.]

HIPPOPHAGY, hip-pof'a-ji, _n._ the act or practice of feeding on horse-flesh.--_n.pl._ HIPPOPH'AGI, eaters of horse-flesh.--_n._ _Hippoph'agist_, an eater of horseflesh.--_adj._ HIPPOPH'AGOUS, horse-eating. [Gr. _hippos_, a horse, _phagein_, to eat.]

HIPPOPHILE, hip'o-f[=i]l, _n._ a lover of horses.

HIPPOPOTAMUS, hip-o-pot'a-mus, _n._ the river-horse--an African quadruped, of aquatic habits, having a very thick skin, short legs, and a large head and muzzle.--_adj._ HIPPOPOTAM'IC (also -pot'-), like a hippopotamus, clumsy. [L.,--Gr. _hippopotamos_--_hippos_, a horse, _potamos_, a river.]

HIPPOTOMY, hip-ot'o-mi, _n._ the dissection of the horse.--_adj._ HIPPOTOM'ICAL.--_n._ HIPPOT'OMIST.

HIPPURIC, hip-[=u]'rik, _adj._ denoting an acid first obtained from the urine of horses. [Gr. _hippos_, a horse, _ouron_, urine.]

HIPPURID, hi-p[=u]'rid, _n._ a plant of natural order _Hippurideæ_ or _Haloragaceæ_, the typical genus the common mare's tail.

HIPPURITE, hip'[=u]-r[=i]t, _n._ a fossil bivalve mollusc peculiar to the cretaceous strata.--_adj._ HIPPURIT'IC. [Gr. _hippos_, a horse, _oura_, a tail.]

HIPPUS, hip'us, _n._ clonic spasm of the iris.

HIRCINE, h[.e]r's[=i]n, _adj._ goat-like: having a strong goatish smell.--_ns._ HIRCOCER'VUS, a fabulous creature, half-goat, half-stag; HIRCOS'ITY, goatishness. [Fr.,--L. _hircinus_--_hircus_, a he-goat.]

HIRDY-GIRDY, h[.e]r'di-g[.e]r'di, _adv._ (_Scot._) in confusion.

HIRE, h[=i]r, _n._ wages for service: the price paid for the use of anything.--_v.t._ to procure the use or service of, at a price: to engage for wages: to grant temporary use of for compensation: to bribe.--_adj._ HIRE'ABLE.--_ns._ HIRE'LING, a hired servant: a mercenary: a prostitute (also _adj._); HIR'ER; HIRE'-SYS'TEM, a system by which a hired article becomes the property of the hirer after a stipulated number of payments; HIR'ING, the contract of hiring--_bailment for hire_ (in Scotland, _location_): a fair or market where servants are engaged.--ON HIRE, for hiring. [A.S. _hýr_, wages, _hýrian_, to hire; Ger. _heuer_, Dut. _huur_.]

HIRMOS, hir'mos, _n._ in the usage of the Greek Church, a standard troparion, forming the first stanza of a canon of odes, and serving as a model for the other stanzas:--_pl._ HIR'MOI.--_n._ HIRMOL[=O]'GION, an office-book containing the hirmoi. [Gr. _eirmos_, a series.]

HIRPLE, h[.e]r'pl, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to walk or run as if lame.--_n._ a limping gait.

HIRRIENT, hir'i-ent, _n._ a trilled sound.

HIRSEL, hir'sel, _n._ (_Scot._) a multitude, a throng, a flock of sheep.--_v.t._ to put in different groups.

HIRSLE, hir'sl, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to slide or move, resting on the hams: to move forward with a rustling sound.

HIRSUTE, hir-s[=u]t', _adj._ hairy: rough: shaggy: (_bot._) having long, stiffish hairs. [L. _hirsutus_--_hirsus_, _hirtus_, shaggy.]

HIRUNDINE, hi-run'din, _adj._ of or pertaining to the swallow. [L. _hirundo_, a swallow.]

HIS, hiz, _pron._ possessive form of _he_: (_B._) used for _its_.--HISN, a contracted form of his own. [A.S. _his_, possessive of _he_, and originally of _it_.]

HISH, hish, _v.i._ to hiss. [A by-form of _hiss_.]

HISPANIC, his-pan'ik, _adj._ Spanish.--_adv._ HISPAN'ICALLY.--_vs.t._ HISPAN'ICISE, HISPAN'IOLISE, to render Spanish.--_n._ HISPAN'ICISM, a Spanish phrase. [L. _Hispania_, Spain.]

HISPID, his'pid, _adj._ (_bot._) rough with or having strong hairs or bristles.--_n._ HISPID'ITY. [L. _hispidus_.]

HISS, his, _v.i._ to make a sibilant sound like that of the letter s, as the goose, serpent, &c.: to express contempt, &c., by hissing.--_v.t._ to condemn by hissing.--_n._ the sound of the letter _s_, an expression of disapprobation, contempt, &c.--_n._ HISS'ING, the noise of a hiss: object of hissing: object or occasion of contempt. [Imit.]

HIST, hist, _interj._ demanding silence and attention: hush! silence!--_v.t._ to urge (a dog, &c.) by making the sound of this word. [Imit.]

HISTIE, his'ti, _adj._ (_Scot._) dry: barren.

HISTIOID, his'ti-oid, _adj._ resembling tissue.--_adj._ HISTOGENET'IC.--_adv._ HISTOGENET'ICALLY.--_ns._ HISTOG'ENY, the formation and development of tissues--also HISTOGEN'ESIS; HISTOG'RAPHY, a description of the tissues.--_adjs._ HISTOLOG'IC, -AL, pertaining to histology.--_ns._ HISTOL'OGIST, one skilled in histology; HISTOL'OGY, the science which classifies and describes the structural or morphological elements which exist in the solids and fluids of organised bodies; HISTOL'YSIS, degeneration and decay of organic tissue.--_adj._ HISTOLYT'IC. [Gr. _histos_, web.]

HISTORY, his'to-ri, _n._ an account of an event: a systematic account of the origin and progress of a nation: the knowledge of facts, events, &c.: an eventful life, a past of more than common interest, as a 'woman with a history:' a drama representing historical events.--_v.t._ (_rare_) to record.--_n._ HIS'T[=O]RIAN, a writer of history.--_adjs._ HIST[=O]'RI[=A]TED, adorned with figures, esp. of men or animals, as the medieval illuminated manuscripts, capital letters, initials &c.; HISTOR'IC, -AL, pertaining to history: containing history: derived from history: famous in history: authentic.--_adv._ HISTOR'ICALLY.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ HISTOR'ICISE, to make, or represent as, historic.--_ns._ HISTORIC'ITY, historical character; HISTORIETTE', a short history or story.--_v.t._ HISTOR'IFY, to record in history.--_n._ HISTORIOG'RAPHER, a writer of history: a professed or official historian.--_adjs._ HISTORIOGRAPH'IC, -AL, pertaining to the writing of history.--_adv._ HISTORIOGRAPH'ICALLY.--_ns._ HISTORIOG'RAPHY, the art or employment of writing history; HISTORIOL'OGY, the knowledge or study of history.--HISTORICAL METHOD, the study of a subject in its historical development; HISTORICAL PAINTING, the painting of historic scenes, or scenes in which historic figures are introduced; HISTORICAL PRESENT, the present tense used for the past, to add life and reality to the narrative, as in 'cometh' in Mark, v. 22.--ANCIENT HISTORY, the history of the world down to the fall of Rome, 476 A.D.; MEDIEVAL HISTORY, the history of the period between the fall of Rome and the beginning of the 16th century; MODERN HISTORY, history since the beginning of the 16th century; NATURAL HISTORY, originally an expression including all the concrete sciences, now the science of living things: (in frequent use) zoology, esp. in so far as that is concerned with the life and habits of animals; PROFANE, SECULAR, HISTORY, the history of secular affairs as opposed to _Sacred history_, which deals with the events in the Bible narrative. [L.,--Gr. _historia_--_hist[=o]r_, knowing; cf. _eidenai_, to know, L. _vid[=e]re_, Sans. _vid_, Eng. _wit_.]

HISTRIONIC, -AL, his-tri-on'ik, -al, _adj._ relating to the stage or stage-players: befitting a theatre: feigned.--_ns._ HIS'TRIO, HIS'TRION, a stage-player.--_adv._ HISTRION'ICALLY.--_ns._ HISTRION'ICISM, HIS'TRIONISM, the acts or practice of stage-playing or of pantomime.--_n.pl._ HISTRION'ICS, play-acting.--_v.i._ HIS'TRIONISE, to act, play a part. [L. _histrionicus_--_histrio_, an actor, primary form _hister_, a player.]

HIT, hit, _v.t._ to touch or strike: to reach: to suit: fit: conform to.--_v.i._ to come in contact: to chance luckily: to succeed:--_pr.p._ hit'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ hit.--_n._ a lucky chance, a surprising success: a stroke: a happy turn of thought or expression: at backgammon, a move that throws one of the opponent's men back to the entering point, a game won after one or two men are removed from the board.--_n._ HIT'TER.--_adj._ HIT'TY-MISS'Y, random, hap-hazard.--HIT BELOW THE BELT, to deal a blow disallowable in the rules of the ring: to do an injury to another unfairly; HIT IT OFF(_with_), to agree with some one; HIT OFF, to imitate, to describe; HIT-OR-MISS, reckless, hap-hazard; HIT OUT, to strike out with the fist; HIT THE NAIL ON THE HEAD (see NAIL); HIT UPON, to come upon, discover.--HARD HIT, one gravely affected by some trouble, or by love. [A.S. _hyttan_, app. Ice. _hitta_, to light on, to find; Sw. _hitta_, to find, Dan. _hitte_, to hit upon.]

HITCH, hich, _v.i._ to move by jerks, as if caught by a hook: to be caught by a hook: to be caught or fall into.--_v.t._ to hook: to catch: to fasten, tether, esp. to make fast a rope.--_n._ a jerk: a catch or anything that holds: an obstacle: a sudden halt: (_naut._) a species of knot by which one rope is connected with another, or to some object--various knots are the _Clove-hitch_, _Timber-hitch_, _Blackwall-hitch_, &c.--_n._ HITCH'ER.--_adv._ HITCH'ILY.--_adj._ HITCH'Y.--HITCH UP, to harness a horse to a vehicle. [Ety. dub.; prob. the same as _itch_.]

HITHE, h[=i]_th_, _n._ a small haven. [A.S. _hýð_.]

HITHER, hi_th_'[.e]r, _adv._ to this place.--_adj._ toward the speaker: nearer.--_v.i._ to come--chiefly in phrase, 'to hither and thither'=to go to and fro.--_adj._ HITH'ERMOST, nearest on this side.--_n._ and _adj._ HITH'ERSIDE, the nearer side.--_advs._ HITH'ERTO, to this place or time: as yet; HITH'ERWARD, towards this place.--HITHER AND THITHER, back and forward: to and from. [A.S. _hider_; Goth. _hidrê_, Ice. _hêðra_.]

HITOPADESA, hit-[=o]-pa-d[=e]'sa, _n._ a famous collection of fables and stories in Sanskrit literature, a popular summary in four books of the _Panchatantra_.

HITTITE, hit'[=i]t, _adj._ pertaining to the Hittites, a powerful and civilised people, probably not Semitic, of northern Syria. [Heb. _Khitt[=i]m_.]

HIVE, h[=i]v, _n._ a place where bees live and store up honey, whether artificial or natural: a swarm of bees in a box or basket: any busy company.--_v.t._ to collect into a hive: to lay up in store.--_v.i._ to take shelter together: to reside in a body.--_ns._ HIVE'-BEE, the common honey-bee; HIV'ER; HIVE'-NEST, a large nest built and occupied by several pairs of birds in common. [A.S. _hýf_.]

HIVES, h[=i]vz, _n._ a popular term for nettle-rash and other similar skin diseases: laryngitis.

HIZZ, hiz, _v.i._ to hiss.

HO, HOA, h[=o], _interj._ a call to excite attention: hold! stop!--repeated it expresses derision.

HOAR, h[=o]r, _adj._ white or grayish-white, esp. with age or frost: mouldy.--_n._ hoariness: age.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) to become mouldy.--_n._ HOAR'-FROST, white frost: the white particles formed by the freezing of dew.--_adjs._ HOAR'-HEAD'ED, HOAR'Y, white or gray with age: (_bot._) covered with short, dense, whitish hairs.--_adv._ HOAR'ILY.--_ns._ HOAR'INESS; HOAR'-STONE, an ancient boundary stone. [A.S. _hár_, hoary, gray; Ice. _hárr_.]

HOARD, h[=o]rd, _n._ a store: a hidden stock: a treasure: a place for hiding anything.--_v.t._ to store: to amass and deposit in secret.--_v.i._ to store up: to collect and form a hoard.--_n._ HOARD'ER. [A.S. _hord_; Ice. _hodd_, Ger. _hort_.]

HOARD, h[=o]rd, HOARDING, h[=o]rd'ing, _n._ a hurdle or fence enclosing a house and materials while builders are at work: any boarding on which bills are posted. [From O. Fr. _hurdis_--_hurt_, _hourt_, _hourd_, a palisade.]

HOARHOUND, HOREHOUND, h[=o]r'hownd, _n._ a plant of a whitish or downy appearance, used as a tonic. [M. E. _horehune_--A.S. _hárhúne_, from _hár_, hoar or white, and _húne_ (acc. to Skeat, meaning 'strong-scented'); cf. L. _cunila_, Gr. _konil[=e]_, wild marjoram.]

HOARSE, h[=o]rs, _adj._ having a harsh, grating voice, as from a cold: harsh: discordant.--_adv._ HOARSE'LY.--_n._ HOARSE'NESS. [A.S. _hás_; Ice. _háss_, this prob. for _hárs_, throwing light on the M. E. _hôrs_, _hoors_, Scot. _hairsh_, &c.]

HOAST, h[=o]st, _n._ (_prov._) a cough.--_v.i._ to cough. [Ice. _hóste_; Dut. _hoest_.]

HOASTMAN, h[=o]st'man, _n._ a member of an old merchant guild in Newcastle, with charge of coal-shipping, &c. [_Host_, stranger, guest.]

HOATZIN, h[=o]-at'sin, _n._ a remarkable South American bird, the same as the Touraco (q.v.).--Also HOACT'ZIN, HOA'ZIN. [S. Amer.]

HOAX, h[=o]ks, _n._ a deceptive trick: a practical joke.--_v.t._ to deceive: to play a trick upon for sport, or without malice.--_ns._ HOAXEE'; HOAX'ER; HOAX'ING. [Corr. of _hocus_. See HOCUS-POCUS.]

HOB, hob, _n._ the projecting nave of a wheel: a projection on the side of a fireplace, on which anything may be laid to keep hot: a game in which coins are placed on the end of a short stick at which stones are thrown, those that fall head up going to the thrower--also the round stick used in this game: a hardened threaded steel mandrel used in forming the cutting ends of screw-chasing tools, &c.--_n._ HOB'NAIL, a nail with a thick, strong head, used in horse-shoes, &c.: a clownish fellow.--_v.t._ to furnish with hobnails: to trample upon with hobnailed shoes.--_adj._ HOB'NAILED. [Cf. HUB.]

HOB, hob, _n._ a clownish fellow: a rustic: a fairy.--_n._ HOB'BINOLL, a rustic.--_adj._ HOB'BISH, clownish.--_n._ HOBGOB'LIN, a mischievous fairy: a frightful apparition.--PLAY HOB, to make confusion. [A corr. of _Rob_ for _Robin_, _Robert_.]

HOB-A-NOB, HOB-AND-NOB. Same as HOBNOB.

HOBBISM, hob'izm, _n._ the doctrine of Thomas _Hobbes_ (1588-1679), that morality is an institution of society.--_n._ HOBB'IST, a follower of Hobbes.

HOBBLE, hob'l, _v.i._ to walk with a limp: to walk awkwardly: to move irregularly.--_v.t._ to fasten loosely the legs of: to hamper: to perplex.--_n._ an awkward limping gait: a difficulty, a scrape: anything used to hamper the feet of an animal, a clog or fetter.--_ns._ HOBB'LER, one who hobbles: an unlicensed pilot, casual labourer in docks, &c.: a man who tows a canal-boat with a rope; HOBB'LING.--_adv._ HOBB'LINGLY. [Cf. Dut. _hobbelen_, _hobben_, to toss.]

HOBBLEDEHOY, hob'l-de-hoi', _n._ an awkward youth, a stripling, neither man nor boy.--_adj._ HOBBLEDEHOY'ISH.--_n._ HOBBLEDEHOY'ISM. [Prob. conn. with _hobble_, referring to awkward gait.]

HOBBLER, hob'l[.e]r, _n._ a horseman employed for light work, as reconnoitring, &c.: a horse. [O. Fr. _hobeler_--_hobin_, a small horse.]

HOBBY, hob'i, _n._ a strong, active horse: a pacing horse: a subject on which one is constantly setting off, as in 'to ride' or 'to mount a hobby:' a favourite pursuit.--_n._ HOBB'Y-HORSE, a stick or figure of a horse on which boys ride: one of the chief parts played in the ancient morris-dance: (_Shak._) a term of contempt for a loose and frivolous person, male or female.--_adj._ HOBB'Y-HOR'SICAL, having a hobby: eccentric.--_ns._ HOBB'YISM; HOBB'YIST, one who rides a hobby.--_adj._ HOBB'YLESS. [M. E. _hobyn_, _hoby_, prob. _Hob_, a by-form of _Rob_. Hence also O. Fr. _hobin_, _hobi_ (Fr. _aubin_).]

HOBBY, hob'i, _n._ a small species of falcon. [O. Fr. _hobé_, _hobet_--Low L. _hobetus_; prob. O. Fr. _hober_, to move.]

HOBGOBLIN. See HOB (2).--_ns._ HOBGOB'LINISM; HOBGOB'LINRY.

HOBJOB, hob'job, _n._ (_prov._) an odd job.--_v.i._ to work at such.--_ns._ HOB'JOBBER; HOB'JOBBING.

HOBNAIL. See HOB (1).

HOBNOB, hob'nob, _adv._ have or not have, a familiar invitation to drink.--_v.i._ to associate or drink together familiarly.--_pr.p._ HOBNOB'BING.--_adj._ HOB'NOBBY. [_Hab_, _nab_.]

HOBSON-JOBSON, hob'son-job'son, _n._ a native festal excitement, esp. the Moharram ceremonies. [A corr. of the wailing 'Y[=a] Hasan! Y[=a] Hosain!' a typical phrase of Anglo-Indian argot, hence adopted as a concise alternative title for Yule and Burnell's admirable _Glossary of Anglo-Indian Colloquial Words and Phrases_ (Lond. 1886).]

HOCK, hok, _n._ and _v._ See HOUGH.

HOCK, hok, _n._ properly, the wine made at _Hochheim_, Germany; now applied to all white Rhine wines.

HOCK-DAY, hok'-d[=a], _n._ an old English festival held on the second Monday and Tuesday after Easter Sunday, one of the chief customs being the seizing and binding of passengers until they gave money for their liberty, Monday the men by the women, Tuesday the women by the men.--Also HOCK'-TIDE.

HOCKEY, hok'i, _n._ a game at ball played with a club or stick curved at one end, shinty.--Also HOOK'EY. [Prob. O. Fr. _hoquet_, a crook.]

HOCKEY, hok'i, _n._ (prov.) harvest-home, the harvest-supper.--Also HAWK'EY, HORK'EY.

HOCKLE, hok'l, _v.t._ to hamstring. [See HOUGH.]

HOCUS-POCUS, h[=o]'kus-p[=o]'kus, _n._ a juggler: a juggler's trick.--_v.t._ H[=O]'CUS, to cheat: to stupefy with drink: to drug:--_pr.p._ h[=o]'cussing; _pa.p._ h[=o]'cussed. [The meaningless gibberish of a juggler--no reference to '_hoc est corpus_.']

HOD, hod, _n._ a kind of trough borne on the shoulder, for carrying bricks and mortar: a coal-scuttle: a pewterer's blowpipe.--_n._ HOD'MAN, a man who carries a hod: a mason's labourer. [A variant of prov. _hot_; cf. Fr. _hotte_, a basket.]

HODDENGRAY, hod'n-gr[=a], _n._ coarse cloth made of undyed wool.--_adj._ HODD'EN, wearing hoddengray: rustic.--_n._ hoddengray. [Prob. a form of _holden_, kept, reserved, and _gray_.]

HODDLE, hod'l, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to waddle.

HODGE, hoj, _n._ a countryman, rustic. [_Hodge_, corr. from _Roger_.]

HODGEPODGE, hoj'poj, _n._ (see HOTCHPOTCH).--_n._ HODGE'-PUDD'ING (_Shak._), a pudding made of a mass of ingredients mixed together.

HODIERNAL, h[=o]-di-[.e]rn'al, _adj._ of or pertaining to the present day. [L. _hodiernus_--_hodie_, to-day--_hoc die_, on this day.]

HODMANDOD, hod'man-dod, _n._ a snail, dodman.

HODOGRAPH, hod'o-graf, _n._ a curve the radius vector of which represents in direction and magnitude the velocity of a moving particle--a term suggested by Sir W. R. Hamilton. [Gr. _hodos_, a way, _graphein_, to write.]

HODOMETER, ho-dom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument attached to the axle of a vehicle to register the revolutions of the wheels. [Gr. _hodos_, a way, _metron_, a measure.]

HOE, h[=o], _n._ an instrument for hewing or digging up weeds and loosening the earth.--_v.t._ to cut or clean with a hoe: to weed.--_v.i._ to use a hoe:--_pr.p._ hoe'ing; _pa.p._ hoed.--_ns._ HOE'-CAKE (U.S.), a thin cake of Indian meal; H[=O]'ER.--A HARD, or LONG, ROW TO HOE, a hard or wearisome task to perform. [O. Fr. _houe_--Old High Ger. _houwa_ (Ger. _haue_), a hoe.]

HOG, hog, _n._ a general name for swine: a castrated boar: a pig: formerly slang for a shilling: a low filthy fellow.--_v.t._ to cut short the hair of:--_pr.p._ hog'ging; _pa.p._ hogged.--_ns._ HOG'-BACK, HOG'S'-BACK, a back rising in the middle: a ridge of a hill of such shape--also _Horseback_; HOG'GERY, hoggishness of character: coarseness; HOG'GET, a boar of the second year: a sheep or colt after it has passed its first year.--_adj._ HOG'GISH, resembling a hog: brutish: filthy: selfish.--_adv._ HOG'GISHLY.--_ns._ HOG'GISHNESS; HOG'HOOD, the nature of a hog; HOG'-MANE, a horse's mane clipped short; HOG'-PEN, a pig-sty; HOG'-PLUM, a West Indian tree of the cashew family, the fruit given to hogs; HOG'-REEVE, -CON'STABLE, an officer charged with the care of stray swine; HOG'-RING'ER, one who puts rings into the snouts of hogs; HOG'S'-BEAN, the henbane.--_v.t._ HOG'-SHOU'THER (_Scot._), to jostle with the shoulder.--_ns._ HOG'-SKIN, leather made of the skin of swine; HOG'S'-LARD, the melted fat of the hog; HOG'-WASH, the refuse of a kitchen, brewery, &c.--BRING ONE'S HOGS TO A FINE MARKET, to make a complete mess of something; GO THE WHOLE HOG, to do a thing thoroughly or completely, to commit one's self to anything unreservedly. [M. E. _hogge_, a gelded hog, prob. from _hack_, to cut; others derive from W. _hwch_, a sow, Bret. _houch_, _hoch_.]

HOG, hog, _v.i._ to droop at both ends.--_n._ HOG'-FRAME, a fore-and-aft frame serving to resist vertical flexure in a ship.--_adj._ HOGGED, of a ship, having a droop at the ends.

HOG, hog, _n._ in curling, a stone which does not pass the hog-score.--_v.t._ to play such a shot with a curling-stone.--_n._ HOG'-SCORE, a line drawn across the rink at a certain distance from the tees--to be cleared, else the shot does not count. [Prob. conn. with _hog_, a swine.]

HOG, HOGG, hog, _n._ a young sheep of the second year.--Also HOG'GEREL.

HOGAN, hog'an, _n._ a kind of strong liquor. [Corr. of _hogen-mogen_--Dut. _hoog en mogend_, high and mighty.]

HOGGER, hog'er, _n._ (_prov._) a coal-miner's footless stocking.--_n._ HOGG'ER-PIPE, the terminal section of the discharge-pipe of a mining-pump.

HOGMANAY, hog-ma-n[=a]', _n._ (_Scot._) the old name for the last day of the year. [Prob. a corr., through Norman French forms, of O. Fr. _aguilanneuf_=_au-gui-l'an-neuf_, 'to the mistletoe! the New Year!' Fr. _gui_, mistletoe, is from L. _viscum_.]

HOGSHEAD, hogz'hed, _n._ (_Shak._) a large cask: a measure of capacity=52½ imperial gallons, or 63 old wine gallons; _of beer_=54 gallons; _of claret_=46 gallons; _of tobacco_ (_U.S._), varying from 750 to 1200 lb. [Corr. of Old Dut. _okshoofd_, ox-head; from the brand on the cask.]

HOIDEN. See HOYDEN.

HOISE, hoiz, _v.t._ to hoist.

HOIST, hoist, _v.t._ to lift: to raise with tackle: to heave.--_n._ act of lifting: the height of a sail: an apparatus for lifting heavy bodies to the upper stories of a building.--HOIST WITH ONE'S OWN PETARD, beaten with one's own weapons, caught in one's own trap. [Formerly _hoise_, or _hoyse_--Old Dut. _hyssen_, Dut. _hijsschen_, to hoist.]

HOITY-TOITY, hoi'ti-toi'ti, _interj._ an exclamation of surprise or disapprobation.--_adj._ giddy, gay, noisy.

HOKY-POKY, h[=o]'ki-p[=o]'ki, _n._ a kind of ice-cream sold on the streets. [From _hocus-pocus_.]

HOLARCTIC, hol-ärk'tik, _adj._ entirely arctic.

HOLD, h[=o]ld, _v.t._ to keep possession of or authority over: to sustain: to defend: to maintain, support: to occupy: to derive title to: to bind: to confine: to restrain: to stop, as in 'to cry hold:' to continue: to persist in: to contain: to celebrate: to esteem: (_Shak._) to endure: (_arch._) to bet.--_v.i._ to remain fixed: to be true or unfailing: to continue unbroken or unsubdued: to adhere: to derive right:--_pr.p._ h[=o]ld'ing; _pa.t._ held; _pa.p._ held (_obs._ h[=o]ld'en).--_n._ act or manner of holding: seizure: power of seizing: something for support: a place of confinement: custody: a fortified place: (_mus._) a mark over a rest or note, indicating that it is to be prolonged.--_ns._ HOLD'-ALL, a general receptacle, esp. a big carpet-bag; HOLD'-BACK, a check: a strap joining the breeching to the shaft of a vehicle; HOLD'-BEAM, one of the beams crossing a ship's hold and strengthening the framework.--HOLD'EN (_B._), old _pa.p._ of _hold_.--_ns._ HOLD'ER; HOLD'-FAST, that which holds fast: a long nail: a catch; HOLD'ING, anything held: a farm held of a superior: hold: influence: (_Scots law_) tenure.--HOLD FORTH, to put forward: show: to speak in public, to declaim; HOLD HARD! stop! HOLD IN, to restrain, check: to restrain one's self; HOLD OF (_Pr. Bk._), to regard; HOLD OFF, to keep at a distance; HOLD ON, to persist in something: to continue: to cling; HOLD ONE IN HAND, to amuse in order to gain some advantage; HOLD ONE'S OWN, to maintain one's position; HOLD ONE'S PEACE, HOLD ONE'S TONGUE, to keep silence; HOLD OUT, to endure, last; HOLD OVER, to postpone, to keep possession of land or a house beyond the term of agreement; HOLD THE MARKET (see MARKET); HOLD TOGETHER, to remain united: to cohere; HOLD UP, to raise: to continue to go at the same rate; HOLD WATER, to be sound and firm, to endure trial; HOLD WITH, to take sides with. [A.S. _healdan_; Old High Ger. _haltan_, Goth. _haldan_.]

HOLD, h[=o]ld, _n._ the interior cavity of a ship between the floor and the lower deck, used for the cargo. [Dut. _hol_, a cavity or hole, with excrescent d.]

HOLE, h[=o]l, _n._ a hollow place: a cavity: an opening in a solid body: a pit: a subterfuge: a means of escape: a difficult situation: a scrape: a place of hiding, a mean lodging, a secret room for some disreputable business: (_golf_) one of the holes, 4 in. in diameter, into which the ball is played, also the distance between any two holes.--_v.t._ to form holes in: to drive into a hole.--_v.i._ to go into a hole.--_adj._ HOLE'-AND-COR'NER, secret: underhand.--_ns._ H[=O]LING-AXE, a narrow axe for cutting holes in posts; H[=O]LING-PICK, a pick used in under-cutting coal.--A HOLE IN ONE'S COAT, a stain on a person's reputation; PUT A PERSON IN A HOLE, to put him in a position from which he cannot easily extricate himself; TOAD IN THE HOLE, meat baked in batter, &c. [A.S. _hol_, a hole, cavern; Dut. _hol_, Dan. _hul_, Ger. _hohl_, hollow; conn. with Gr. _koilos_, hollow.]

HOLE, _adj._ (_Spens._) whole.

HOLIBUT. See HALIBUT.

HOLIDAY, hol'i-d[=a], _n._ a consecrated day: a religious festival: a day for the commemoration of some event: a day of idleness and amusement.--_adj._ befitting a holiday: cheerful.--HOLIDAY SPEECHES, fine but empty phrases. [Formerly _holy day_.]

HOLLA, hol'a, HOLLO, HOLLOA, hol'[=o], or hol-l[=o]', _interj._ ho, there! attend! (_naut._) the usual response to 'Ahoy!'--_n._ a loud shout.--_v.i._ to cry loudly to one at a distance. [Fr. _holà_--_ho_ and _là_--L. _illac_, there; the other forms are due to confusion with _halloo_.]

HOLLAND, hol'and, _n._ a coarse linen fabric, unbleached or dyed brown, which is used for covering furniture, &c.: (_orig._) a fine kind of linen first made in _Holland_.

HOLLANDER, hol'and-[.e]r, _n._ a native of _Holland_.--_adj._ HOLL'ANDISH.--_n._ HOLL'ANDS, gin made in Holland.

HOLLOW, hol'[=o], _adj._ vacant: not solid: containing an empty space: sunken: unsound: insincere.--_n._ a hole: a cavity: any depression in a body: any vacuity: a groove: a channel.--_v.t._ to make a hole in: to make hollow by digging: to excavate.--_adv._ completely: clean.--_adjs._ HOLL'OW-EYED, having sunken eyes; HOLL'OW-HEART'ED, having a hollow or untrue heart: faithless: treacherous.--_adv._ HOLL'OWLY (_Shak._), in a hollow or insincere manner.--_ns._ HOLL'OWNESS, the state of being hollow: cavity: insincerity: treachery; HOLL'OW-WARE, trade name for hollow articles of iron, as pots and kettles.--BEAT HOLLOW, to beat wholly. [A.S. _holh_, a hollow place--_hol_. See HOLE.]

HOLLY, hol'i, _n._ an evergreen shrub having leathery, shining, and spinous leaves and scarlet or yellow berries, much used for Christmas decorations. [A.S. _holegn_; cf. W. _celyn_, Ir. _cuileann_.]

HOLLYHOCK, hol'i-hok, _n._ a kind of mallow, brought into Europe from the Holy Land--(_Bacon_) HOLL'Y-OAK. [M. E. _holihoc_--_holi_, holy, and A.S. _hoc_, mallows--Celtic, cf. W. _hocys_.]

HOLM, h[=o]lm, or h[=o]m, _n._ a river-islet: rich flat land beside a river. [A.S. _holm_, orig. a mound; Ger. _holm_, &c.]

HOLM, h[=o]lm, or h[=o]m, _n._ (_Spens._) holly.--_n._ HOLM'-OAK, the ilex or evergreen oak, so called from some resemblance to the holly. [_Holm-_ is a corr. of _holin_, the M. E. form of _holly_, which see.]

HOLOBLASTIC, hol-o-blas'tik, _adj._ undergoing segmentation throughout the entire mass, as the ova of mammals.

HOLOCAUST, hol'o-kawst, _n._ a burnt sacrifice, in which the whole of the victim was consumed. [L.,--Gr. _holokauston_--_holos_, whole, _kaustos_, burnt.]

HOLOCRYPTIC, hol-o-krip'tik, _adj._ concealing completely, undecipherable.

HOLOGRAPH, hol'o-graf, _n._ a document wholly written by the person from whom it proceeds (also used as _adj._).--_adj._ HOLOGRAPH'IC. [Gr. _holos_, whole, _graphein_, to write.]

HOLOHEDRISM, hol-o-h[=e]'drizm, _n._ (_math._) the property of having the full number of symmetrically arranged planes crystallographically possible.--_adj._ HOLOH[=E]'DRAL.--_n._ HOLOH[=E]'DRON, a form possessing this property. [Gr. _holos_, whole, _hedra_, base.]

HOLOMETABOLIC, hol-o-met-a-bol'ik, _adj._ undergoing complete metamorphosis, as an insect--opp. of _Ametabolic_.

HOLOMETER, hol-om'et-[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for taking all kinds of measures. [Gr. _holos_, whole, _metron_, measure.]

HOLOMORPHIC, hol-o-mor'fik, _adj._ (_math._) having the properties of an entire function, being finite, continuous, and one-valued for all finite values of the variable: showing holohedral symmetry. [Gr. _holos_, whole, _morph[=e]_, form.]

HOLOPHOTE, hol'o-f[=o]t, _n._ an improved optical apparatus now used in lighthouses, by which all the light from the lamp is thrown in the required direction, in the _catoptric_ holophote by reflectors, in the _dioptric_ by refracting lenses, in the _catadioptric_ by both combined.--_adj._ HOLOPH[=O]T'AL. [Gr. _holos_, whole, _ph[=o]s_, _ph[=o]tos_, light.]

HOLOPHRASTIC, hol-o-fras'tik, _adj._ bearing the force of a whole phrase, expressive of a sentence or an idea.--_n._ HOLOPHR[=A]'SIS. [Gr. _holos_, whole, _phrastikos_, _phrazein_, to indicate.]

HOLORHINAL, hol-o-r[=i]'nal, _adj._ having the nasal bones slightly cleft or not at all. [Gr. _holos_, whole, _hris_, _hrinos_, the nose.]

HOLOTHURIAN, hol-o-th[=oo]'ri-an, _n._ a sea-cucumber or similar echinoderm. [L.,--Gr. _holothourion_, from _holos_, whole, and perh. _thouros_, impetuous.]

HOLP, h[=o]lp, HOLPEN, h[=o]lp'n, old _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _help_.

HOLSTER, h[=o]l'st[.e]r, _n._ the leathern case carried by a horseman at the forepart of the saddle for covering a pistol.--_adj._ HOL'STERED. [Acc. to Skeat, from Dut. _holster_, a pistol-case--_hullen_, to cover, which is cog. with A.S. _helan_, to cover.]

HOLT, h[=o]lt, _n._ a wood or woody hill: an orchard. [A.S. _holt_, a wood; Ice. _holt_, a copse, Ger. _holz_.]

HOLUS-BOLUS, h[=o]l'us-b[=o]l'us, _adv._ all at a gulp: altogether.--_n._ the whole. [A vulgarism, formed from whole, most likely on the analogy of _hocus-pocus_; hardly conn. with _bolus_, a pill.]

HOLY, h[=o]'li, _adj._ perfect in a moral sense: pure in heart: religious: set apart to a sacred use.--_adv._ H[=O]'LILY, in a holy manner: piously.--_n._ H[=O]'LINESS, state of being holy: religious goodness: sanctity: a title of the pope.--_adj._ H[=O]'LY-CRU'EL (_Shak._), cruel through excess of holiness.--_ns._ H[=O]'LY-DAY, a formal spelling of holiday (q.v.); H[=O]'LY-OFF'ICE, the Inquisition; H[=O]'LY-ROOD, the holy cross in R.C. churches over the entrance to the chancel; H[=O]'LYSTONE, a sandstone used by seamen for cleansing the decks, said to be named from cleaning the decks for Sunday.--_v.t._ to scrub with a holystone.--_ns._ H[=O]'LY-THURS'DAY, the day on which the ascension of our Saviour is commemorated, ten days before Whitsuntide; H[=O]'LY-WA'TER, water blessed by the priest or bishop for certain religious uses; H[=O]'LY-WEEK, the week before Easter, kept holy to commemorate our Lord's passion; H[=O]'LY-WRIT, the holy writings: the Scriptures.--HOLY ALLIANCE, a league formed after the fall of Napoleon (1815) by the sovereigns of Austria Russia, and Prussia, professedly to regulate all national and international relations in accordance with the principles of Christian charity; HOLY CITY, Jerusalem: also specially applied to Rome, Mecca, Benares, Allahabad, &c.; HOLY COAT, the seamless coat of Jesus, claimed to be kept at Trèves; HOLY COMMUNION (see COMMUNION); HOLY FAMILY, the infant Saviour with Joseph, Mary, &c.; HOLY GHOST, SPIRIT, the third person of the Trinity, proceeding from the Father and the Son; HOLY GRAIL (see GRAIL); HOLY GRASS, a sweet-smelling grass about a foot high, with a brownish glossy lax panicle--sometimes strewed on the floors of churches on festival days, whence its name; HOLY LAND, Palestine; HOLY OF HOLIES, THE MOST HOLY PLACE, the inner chamber of the Jewish tabernacle, which the high-priest alone might enter, and but once a year; HOLY ONE, God: Christ: the one who is holy, by way of emphasis: one separated to the service of God; HOLY ORDERS, ordination to the rank of minister in holy things: the Christian ministry; HOLY PLACES, scenes of the Saviour's life, the sepulchre, &c.; HOLY QUEST, the search for the Holy grail; HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, the official denomination of the German Empire from 962 down to 1806, when Francis II. of Hapsburg resigned the imperial title; HOLY WAR, a name impiously given to a war for the extirpation of heresy, as that against the Albigenses, &c.: one of the Crusades. [A.S. _hálig_, lit. whole, perfect, healthy--_hál_, sound, whole; conn. with _hail_, _heal_, _whole_.]

HOLYWELL, hol'i-wel, in phrase, 'Holywell Street literature,' i.e. such books as used to be much sold in _Holywell_ Street, London--viz. filthy books.

HOMAGE, hom'[=a]j, _n._ the service due from a knight or vassal to his lord in feudal times, the vassal preferring to become his lord's man: the act of fealty: respect paid by external action: reverence directed to the Supreme Being: devout affection.--_n._ HOM'AGER, one who does homage. [O. Fr. _homage_--Low L. _homaticum_--L. _homo_, a man.]

HOME, h[=o]m, _n._ one's house or country: place of constant residence: the residence of a family: the seat, as of war: a charitable institution where domestic comforts are given to the destitute.--_adj._ pertaining to one's dwelling or country: domestic: close: severe.--_adv._ pertaining to one's habitation or country: close: closely: to the point: effectively.--_adjs._ HOME'-BORN, native, not foreign; HOME'BOUND, homeward-bound; HOME'-BRED, bred at home: native: domestic: plain: unpolished; HOME'-BREWED, brewed at home or for home use.--_n._ HOME'-FARM, the farm near the home or mansion of a gentleman.--_adjs._ HOME'FELT, felt in one's own breast: inward: private; HOME'-GROWN, produced in one's own country, not imported; HOME'-KEEP'ING, staying at home; HOME'LESS, without a home.--_n._ HOME'LESSNESS,--_adv._ HOME'LILY.--_n._ HOME'LINESS.--_adjs._ HOME'LY, pertaining to home: familiar: plain; HOME'-MADE, made at home: made in one's own country: plain.--_n._ HOM'ER, a pigeon trained to fly home from a distance.--_adj._ HOME'SICK, sick or grieved at separation from home.--_n._ HOME'SICKNESS.--_adj._ HOME'SPUN, spun or wrought at home: not made in foreign countries: plain: inelegant.--_n._ cloth made at home.--_ns._ HOME'STALL, HOME'STEAD, the place of a mansion-house: the enclosures immediately connected with it: original station.--_advs._ HOME'WARD, HOME'WARDS, towards home: towards one's habitation or country.--_adj._ in the direction of home.--_adj._ HOME'WARD-BOUND, bound homeward or to one's native land.--_adjs._ HOM'ING, having a tendency to return home; HOM'Y, home-like.--HOME CIRCUIT, the south-eastern circuit of Assize, including the home counties (except Middlesex), also Cambridgeshire, Norfolk, and Suffolk; HOME COUNTIES, the counties over and into which London has extended--Middlesex, Hertfordshire, Essex, Kent, Surrey; HOME DEPARTMENT, that part of government which is concerned with the maintenance of the internal peace of the United Kingdom--its headquarters the HOME OFFICE, its official head the HOME SECRETARY; HOME RULE, a form of self-government claimed by Ireland, with a separate parliament for the management of internal affairs.--AT HOME, in one's own house: at ease: familiar: a phrase signifying that a family will be at home at a fixed date, and ready to receive visitors--as a _n._--a reception; BRING HOME TO, to prove to, in such a way that there is no way of escaping the conclusion: to impress upon; EAT OUT OF HOUSE AND HOME, to live at the expense of another so as to ruin him; LONG HOME, the grave; MAKE ONE'S SELF AT HOME, to be as free and unrestrained as when in one's own house; PAY HOME, to strike to the quick: to retaliate. [A.S. _hám_; Dut. and Ger. _heim_, Goth. _haims_.]

HOMELYN, hom'el-in, _n._ a species of ray, found on the south coast of England.

HOMEOPATHY, h[=o]-me-op'a-thi, _n._ the system of curing diseases by small quantities of those drugs which excite symptoms similar to those of the disease.--_ns._ H[=O]'MEOPATH, HOMEOP'ATHIST, one who believes in or practises homeopathy.--_adj._ HOMEOPATH'IC, of or pertaining to homeopathy.--_adv._ HOMEOPATH'ICALLY. [Gr. _homoiopatheia_--_homoios_, like, _pathos_, feeling.]

HOMEOPLASY, h[=o]-m[=e]-[=o]-pl[=a]s'i, _n._ the taking on by one tissue of the form of another under plastic conditions, as in skin-grafting.--_adj._ HOMEOPLAST'IC [Gr. _homoios_, like, _plastos_--_plassein_, to form.]

HOMER, h[=o]'m[.e]r, _n._ a Hebrew measure of capacity, amounting to about 10 bushels and 3 gallons. [Heb. _kh[=o]mer_, a heap--_kh[=a]mar_, to swell up.]

HOMERIC, h[=o]-mer'ik, _adj._ pertaining to _Homer_, the great poet of Greece (c. 850 B.C.): pertaining to or resembling the poetry of Homer.--HOMERIC VERSE, hexameter verse, the metre of the Iliad and Odyssey.

HOMICIDE, hom'i-s[=i]d, _n._ manslaughter: one who kills another.--_adj._ HOM'ICIDAL, pertaining to homicide: murderous: bloody. [Fr.,--L. _homicidium_--_homo_, a man, _cæd[)e]re_, to kill.]

HOMILY, hom'i-li, _n._ a plain expository sermon, interpreting a passage of Scripture rather than working out a doctrine in detail: a hortatory discourse, essentially simple, practical, and scriptural.--_adjs._ HOMILET'IC, -AL.--_n._ HOMILET'ICS, the science which treats of homilies, and the best mode of preparing and delivering them.--_n._ HOM'ILIST, one who exhorts a congregation, or who composes homilies. [Gr. _homilia_, an assembly, a sermon--_homos_, the same, _il[=e]_, a crowd.]

HOMINY, hom'i-ni, _n._ maize hulled, or hulled and crushed, boiled with water: a kind of Indian-corn porridge. [American Indian _auhuminea_.]

HOMMOCK, hom'uk, _n._ a hillock or small conical eminence.--Also HUMM'OCK. [A dim. of _hump_, like _hillock_ from _hill_.]

HOMO, h[=o]'m[=o], _n._ generic man. [L.]

HOMOBARIC, h[=o]-m[=o]-bar'ik, _adj._ of uniform weight. [Gr. _homos_, the same, _baros_, weight.]

HOMOBLASTIC, h[=o]-m[=o]-blas'tik, _adj._ of the same germinal origin:--opp. of _Heteroblastic_. [Gr. _homos_, the same, _blastos_, a germ.]

HOMOCENTRIC, h[=o]-m[=o]-sen'trik, _adj._ having the same centre. [Fr. _homocentrique_--Gr. _homokentros_--_homos_, the same, _kentron_, centre.]

HOMOCERCAL, h[=o]-m[=o]-s[.e]r'kal, _adj._ having the upper fork of the tail similar to the lower one, as the herring:--opposed to _Heterocercal_. [Gr. _homos_, the same, _kerkos_, tail.]

HOMODERMIC, h[=o]-m[=o]-derm'ik, _adj._ homological in respect of derivation from one of the three primary blastoderms (_endoderm_, _mesoderm_, and _ectoderm_). [Gr. _homos_, the same, _derma_, skin.]

HOMODONT, h[=o]-m[=o]-dont, _adj._ having teeth all alike:--opp. of _Heterodont_.

HOMODROMOUS, h[=o]-mod'r[=o]-mus, _adj._ (_bot._) following the same direction, as the leaf-spirals on certain branches: (_obs._) having the power and the weight on the same side of the fulcrum, of a lever. [Gr. _homos_, the same, _dromos_, a course.]

HOMOEOMORPHOUS, h[=o]-m[=e]-[=o]-mor'fus, _adj._ having a like crystalline form, but not necessarily analogous composition.--_n._ HOMOEOMOR'PHISM. [Gr. _homoios_, like, _morph[=e]_, form.]

HOMOEOPATHY, &c. See HOMEOPATHY.

HOMOEOZOIC, h[=o]-m[=e]-[=o]-z[=o]'ik, _adj._ containing similar forms of life. [Gr. _homos_, the same, _z[=o][=e]_, life.]

HOMOGAMOUS, ho-mog'a-mus, _adj._ (_bot._) having all the florets hermaphrodite.--_n._ HOMOG'AMY. [Gr. _homos_, the same, _gamos_, marriage.]

HOMOGENEAL, h[=o]-m[=o]-j[=e]'ni-al, HOMOGENEOUS, h[=o]-m[=o]j[=e]'ni-us, _adj._ of the same kind or nature: having the constituent elements all similar.--_ns._ HOMOGE'NEOUSNESS, HOMOGEN[=E]'ITY, HOM[=O]'GENY, sameness of nature or kind. [Gr. _homogen[=e]s_--_homos_, one, same, _genos_, kind.]

HOMOGENESIS, h[=o]-m[=o]-jen'e-sis, _n._ (_biol._) a mode of reproduction in which the offspring is like the parent, and passes through the same cycle of existence.--_adj._ HOMOGENET'IC. [Gr. _homos_, the same, _genesis_, birth.]

HOMOGRAPH, hom'[=o]-graf, _n._ a word of the same form as another, but different meaning and origin.--Also _Homonym_.

HOMOIOUSIAN, h[=o]-moi-[=oo]'si-an, _adj._ similar in essence (as distinct from the Nicene _homo-ousion_ and the strictly Arian _hetero-ousion_), the semi-Arian position in the great Christological controversy of the 4th century (see ARIAN). [Gr. _homoios_, like, _ousia_, being--_einai_, to be.]

HOMOLOGATE, h[=o]-mol'o-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to say the same: to agree: to approve: to allow.--_n._ HOMOLOG[=A]'TION. [Low L. _homolog[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--Gr. _homologein_--_homos_, the same, _legein_, to say.]

HOMOLOGOUS, h[=o]-mol'o-gus, _adj._ agreeing: corresponding in relative position, proportion, value, or structure.--_adj._ HOMOLOG'ICAL.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ HOMOL'OGISE.--_ns._ HOM'OLOGUE, that which is homologous to something else, as the same organ in different animals under its various forms and functions; HOMOL'OGY, the quality of being homologous: affinity of structure, and not of form or use. [Gr. _homologos_--_homos_, the same, _legein_, to say.]

HOMOLOGUMENA, h[=o]-m[=o]-l[=o]-g[=oo]'me-na, _n.pl._ the books of the New Testament, whose authenticity was universally acknowledged in the early Church--opp. of _Antilegumena_. [Gr.,--_homologein_, to agree.]

HOMOMORPHOUS, h[=o]-m[=o]-mor'fus, _adj._ analogous, not homologous, superficially alike--also HOMOMOR'PHIC.--_n._ HOMOMOR'PHISM. [Gr. _homos_, the same, _morph[=e]_, form.]

HOMONYM, hom'o-nim, _n._ a word having the same sound as another, but a different meaning.--_adj._ HOMON'YMOUS, having the same name: having different significations: ambiguous: equivocal.--_adv._ HOMON'YMOUSLY.--_n._ HOMON'YMY, sameness of name, with difference of meaning: ambiguity: equivocation. [Fr. _homonyme_--Gr. _hom[=o]nymos_--_homos_, the same, _onoma_, name.]

HOMOOUSIAN, h[=o]-m[=o]-[=oo]'si-an, _adj._ of or belonging to identity or sameness of substance--the co-equality of the Son with the Father--the orthodox position which triumphed in the great Christological controversy of the 4th century (see ARIAN). [Gr. _homos_, same, _ousia_, being--_einai_, to be.]

HOMOPHONE, hom'o-f[=o]n, _n._ a letter or character having the same sound as another.--_adj._ HOMOPH'ONOUS, having the same sound.--_n._ HOMOPH'ONY. [Gr. _homos_, the same, _ph[=o]n[=e]_, sound.]

HOMOPLASTIC, h[=o]-m[=o]-plas'tik, _adj._ analogical or adaptive, and not homological in structure.--_ns._ HOM'[=O]PLASMY, HOM'[=O]PLASY. [Gr. _homos_, the same, _plastos_, _plassein_, to form.]

HOMOPTERA, hom-op't[.e]r-a, _n._ an order of insects having two pair of wings uniform throughout.--_adj._ HOMOP'TEROUS. [Gr. _homos_, the same, _pteron_, a wing.]

HOMOTAXIS, hom'o-tak'sis; _n._ (_geol._) similarity of order in organic succession, a term suggested by Huxley as a substitute for _contemporaneity_ (q.v.).--_adjs._ HOMOTAX'IAL, HOMOTAX'IC.--_adv._ HOMOTAX'ICALLY. [Gr. _homos_, the same, _taxis_, arrangement.]

HOMOTONOUS, h[=o]-mot'[=o]-nus, _adj._ of the same tenor or tone.--_n._ HOMOT'ONY.

HOMOTROPOUS, h[=o]-mot'r[=o]-pus, _adj._ turned or directed in the same way as something else: (_bot._) curved or turned in one direction.--Also HOMOT'ROPAL. [Gr. _homos_, the same, _tropos_, a turn.]

HOMOTYPE, hom'o-t[=i]p, _n._ that which has the same fundamental type of structure with something else.--_n._ HOM'OTYPY. [Gr. _homos_, the same, _typos_, type.]

HOMUNCULUS, h[=o]-mung'k[=u]-lus, _n._ a tiny man capable of being produced artificially, according to Paracelsus, endowed with magical insight and power: a dwarf, mannikin. [L., dim. of _homo_.]

HONE, h[=o]n, _n._ a stone of a fine grit for sharpening instruments.--_v.t._ to sharpen as on a hone. [A.S. _hán_; Ice. _hein_; allied to Gr. _k[=o]nos_, a cone.]

HONE, h[=o]n, _v.i._ to pine, moan, grieve. [Perh. Fr. _hogner_, to grumble.]

HONEST, on'est, _adj._ full of honour: just: the opposite of thievish, free from fraud: frank, fair-seeming, openly shown: chaste: (_B._) honourable.--_adv._ HON'ESTLY.--_n._ HON'ESTY, the state of being honest: integrity: candour: a small flowering plant, so called from its transparent seed-pouch: (_B._) becoming deportment: (_Shak._) chastity.--MAKE AN HONEST WOMAN OF, to marry, where the woman has been dishonoured first. [Fr.,--L. _honestus_--_honor_.]

HONEY, hun'i, _n._ a sweet, thick fluid collected by bees from the flowers of plants: anything sweet like honey.--_v.t._ to sweeten: to make agreeable:--_pr.p._ hon'eying; _pa.p._ hon'eyed (-'id).--_adj._ (_Shak._) sweet.--_ns._ HON'EY-BAG, an enlargement of the alimentary canal of the bee in which it carries its load of honey; HON'EYBEAR, a South American carnivorous mammal about the size of a cat, with a long protrusive tongue, which it uses to rob the nests of wild bees; HON'EY-BEE, the hive-bee; HON'EY-BUZZ'ARD, a genus of buzzards or falcons, so called from their feeding on bees, wasps, &c.; HON'EYCOMB, a comb or mass of waxy cells formed by bees, in which they store their honey: anything like a honeycomb.--_v.t._ to fill with cells: to perforate.--_adj._ HON'EYCOMBED (-k[=o]md), formed like a honeycomb.--_ns._ HON'EY-CROCK (_Spens._), a crock or pot of honey; HON'EYDEW, a sugary secretion from the leaves of plants in hot weather: a fine sort of tobacco moistened with molasses.--_adjs._ HON'EYED, HON'IED, covered with honey: sweet: flattering; HON'EYLESS, destitute of honey.--_ns._ HON'EY-GUIDE, -INDICATOR, a genus of African birds supposed to guide men to honey by hopping from tree to tree with a peculiar cry; HON'EY-L[=O]'CUST, an ornamental North American tree; HON'EYMOON, HON'EYMONTH, the first month after marriage, commonly spent in travelling, before settling down to the business of life.--_v.i._ to keep one's honeymoon.--_adj._ HON'EY-MOUTHED, having a honeyed mouth or speech: soft or smooth in speech.--_ns._ HON'EY-STALK, prob. the flower of the clover; HON'EY-SUCK'ER, a large family of Australian birds; HON'EYSUCKLE, a climbing shrub with beautiful cream-coloured flowers, so named because honey is readily sucked from the flower.--_adjs._ HON'EY-SWEET, sweet as honey; HON'EY-TONGUED, having a honeyed tongue or speech: soft or pleasing in speech.--VIRGIN HONEY, honey that flows of itself from the comb; WILD HONEY, honey made by wild bees. [A.S. _hunig_; Ger. _honig_, Ice. _hunang_.]

HONG, hong, _n._ a Chinese warehouse: a foreign mercantile establishment in China. [Chin.]

HONITON LACE. See LACE.

HONK, hongk, _n._ the cry of the wild goose.--_v.t._ to give the cry of the wild goose. [Imit.]

HONORARIUM, hon'or-[=a]'ri-um, _n._ a voluntary fee paid, esp. to a professional man for his services. [L. _honorarium_ (_donum_), honorary (gift).]

HONORARY, on'or-ar-i, _adj._ conferring honour: holding a title or office without performing services or receiving a reward.--_n._ a fee. [L. _honorarius_--_honor_.]

HONOUR, on'or, _n._ the esteem due or paid to worth: respect: high estimation: veneration, said of God: that which rightfully attracts esteem: exalted rank: distinction: excellence of character: nobleness of mind: any special virtue much esteemed: any mark of esteem: a title of respect: (_pl._) privileges of rank or birth: civilities paid: at whist, one of the four highest trump cards (if one pair of partners hold four honours they score four points; if three, two points; if only two, none--'Honours easy'): (_golf_) the right to play first from the tee: academic prizes or distinctions.--_v.t._ to hold in high esteem: to respect: to adore: to exalt: to accept and pay when due.--_adj._ HON'OURABLE, worthy of honour: illustrious: actuated by principles of honour: conferring honour: becoming men of exalted station: a title of distinction.--_n._ HON'OURABLENESS, eminence: conformity to the principles of honour: fairness.--_adv._ HON'OURABLY.--_adjs._ HON'OURED; HON'OURLESS.--_n._ HON'OUR-POINT (_her._), the point just above the fesse-point.--HONOUR BRIGHT! a kind of interjectional minor oath or appeal to honour; HONOURS OF WAR, the privileges granted to a capitulating force to march out with their arms, flags, &c.--AFFAIR OF HONOUR, a duel; DEBT OF HONOUR (see DEBT); LAST HONOURS, funeral rites: obsequies; LAWS OF HONOUR, the conventional rules of honourable conduct, esp. in the causes and conduct of duels; MAID OF HONOUR, a lady in the service of a queen or princess; POINT OF HONOUR, any scruple caused by a sense of duty: the obligation to demand and to receive satisfaction for an insult, esp. in the duel; UPON MY HONOUR, an appeal to one's honour or reputation in support of a certain statement; WORD OF HONOUR, a verbal promise which cannot be broken without disgrace. [Fr.,--L. _honor_.]

HOOD, hood, _n._ a covering for the head: anything resembling such: a folding roof for a carriage: an ornamental fold at the back of an academic gown, and worn over it.--_v.t._ to cover with a hood: to blind.--_adj._ HOOD'ED.--_n._ HOOD'IE-CROW, the hooded crow (_Corvus cornix_).--_adj._ HOOD'LESS, having no hood.--_ns._ HOOD'MAN, the person blindfolded in blindman's buff; HOOD'MAN-BLIND (_Shak._), blindman's buff. [A.S. _hód_; Dut. _hoed_, Ger. _hut_.]

HOODLUM, h[=oo]d'lum, _n._ (_U.S._) a rowdy, street bully.

HOODOCK, hood'ok, _adj._ (_Scot._) miserly.

HOODWINK, hood'wingk, _v.t._ to blindfold: (_Shak._) to cover: to deceive, impose on. [_Hood_, _wink_.]

HOOF, h[=oo]f, _n._ the horny substance on the feet of certain animals, as horses, &c.: a hoofed animal:--_pl._ HOOFS, HOOVES.--_v.i._ (of a hoofed animal) to walk.--_adjs._ HOOF'-BOUND, having a contraction of the hoof causing lameness; HOOFED; HOOF'LESS, without hoofs,--_n._ HOOF-MARK, the mark of an animal's hoof on the ground, &c.--_adj._ HOOF'-SHAPED.--CLOVEN HOOF (see CLOVEN). [A.S. _hóf_; Ger. _huf_, Ice. _hófr_.]

HOOK, hook, _n._ a piece of metal bent into a curve, so as to catch or hold anything: a snare: an advantageous hold: a curved instrument for cutting grain: a spit of land projecting into the sea, ending in a hook-shaped form.--_v.t._ to catch or hold with a hook: to draw as with a hook: to ensnare: (_golf_) to drive a ball widely to the left--also _Draw_.--_v.i._ to bend: to be curved.--_adj._ HOOKED.--_ns._ HOOK'EDNESS, the state of being bent like a hook; HOOK'ER, he who, or that which, hooks.--_adj._ HOOK'-NOSED, having a hooked or curved nose.--_n._ HOOK'-PIN, an iron pin with hooked head used for pinning the frame of a floor or roof together.--_adj._ HOOK'Y, full of, or pertaining to, hooks.--HOOK AND EYE, a contrivance for fastening dresses by means of a hook made to fasten on a ring or eye on another part of the dress; HOOK IT (_slang_), to decamp, make off.--BY HOOK OR BY CROOK, one way or the other; OFF THE HOOKS, out of gear: superseded: dead; ON ONE'S OWN HOOK, on one's own responsibility. [A.S. _hóc_; Dut. _haak_, Ger. _haken_.]

HOOKAH, HOOKA, h[=oo]'ka, _n._ the water tobacco-pipe of Arabs, Turks, &c. [Ar. _huqqa_.]

HOOKER, hook'[.e]r, _n._ a two-masted Dutch vessel, a small fishing-smack. [Dut. _hoeker_.]

HOOLIGAN, hoo'li-gan, _n._ one of a gang of street roughs, addicted to crimes of violence--HOO'LIGANISM. [From the name of a leader of such a gang.]

HOOLY, h[=oo]l'i, _adv._ (_Scot._) softly, carefully--also _adj._

HOOP, h[=oo]p, _n._ a pliant strip of wood or metal formed into a ring or band, for holding together the staves of casks, &c.: something resembling such: a large ring of wood or metal for a child to trundle: a ring: (_pl._) elastic materials used to expand the skirt of a lady's dress.--_v.t._ to bind with hoops: to encircle.--_ns._ HOOP'-ASH, a kind of ash much used for making hoops (same as _Nettle-tree_); HOOPED'-POT, a drinking-pot with hoops to mark the amount each man should drink; HOOP'ER, one who hoops casks: a cooper. [A.S. _hóp_; Dut. _hoep_.]

HOOP, h[=oo]p, _v.i._ to call out.--_n._ HOOP'ER, the wild swan. [_Whoop_.]

HOOPING-COUGH. See under WHOOP.

HOOPOE, h[=oo]p'[=o], HOOPOO, h[=oo]p'[=oo], _n._ a genus of crested birds allied to the hornbills. [L. _upupa_; Gr. _epops_.]

HOOT, h[=oo]t, _v.i._ to shout in contempt: to cry like an owl.--_v.t._ to drive with cries of contempt.--_n._ a scornful cry: the owl's cry. [Imit.; cf. Sw. _hut_, begone; W. _hwt_.]

HOOVE, h[=oo]v, _n._ a disease of cattle and sheep, marked by distention of the abdomen by gas--also _Wind-dropsy_, DRUM-BELLY.--_adjs._ HOOV'EN, H[=O]'VEN.

HOP, hop, _v.i._ to leap on one leg: to spring: to walk lame: to limp:--_pr.p._ hop'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ hopped.--_n._ a leap on one leg: a jump: a spring: a dance, dancing-party.--_ns._ HOP'-O'-MY-THUMB, the diminutive hero of one of Madame D'Aulnoy's famous nursery tales--'_le petit pouce_,' not to be confounded with the English Tom Thumb; HOP'PER, one who hops: a shaking or conveying receiver, funnel, or trough in which something is placed to be passed or fed, as to a mill: a boat having a movable part in its bottom for emptying a dredging-machine: a vessel in which seed-corn is carried for sowing; HOP'PING, the act of one who hops or leaps on one leg; HOP'-SCOTCH, a game in which children hop over lines scotched or traced on the ground.--HOP, SKIP, AND JUMP, a leap on one leg, a skip, and a jump with both legs; HOP THE TWIG (_slang_), to escape one's creditors: to die. [A.S. _hoppian_, to dance; Ger. _hüpfen_.]

HOP, hop, _n._ a plant with a long twining stalk, the bitter cones of which are much used in brewing and in medicine.--_v.t._ to mix with hops.--_v.i._ to gather hops:--_pr.p._ hop'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ hopped.--_ns._ HOP'BIND (corrupted into _Hopbine_), the stalk of the hop; HOP'-FLEA, a small coleopterous insect, very destructive to hop plantations in spring; HOP'-FLY, a species of Aphis, or plant-louse, injurious to hop plantations; HOP'-OAST, a kiln for drying hops.--_adj._ HOPPED, impregnated with hops.--_ns._ HOP'PER, HOP'-PICK'ER, one who picks hops; a mechanical contrivance for stripping hops from the vines; HOP'PING, the act of gathering hops: the time of the hop harvest; HOP'-POCK'ET, a coarse sack for hops--as a measure, about 1½ cwt. of hops; HOP'-POLE, a slender pole supporting a hop-vine.--_adj._ HOP'PY, tasting of hops.--_ns._ HOP'-TREE, an American shrub, with bitter fruit, a poor substitute for hops; HOP'-VINE, the stock or stem of the hop; HOP'-YARD, a field where hops are grown. [Dut. _hop_; Ger. _hopfen_.]

HOPE, h[=o]p, _v.i._ to cherish a desire of good with expectation of obtaining it: to have confidence.--_v.t._ to desire with expectation or with belief in the prospect of obtaining.--_n._ a desire of some good, with expectation of obtaining it: confidence: anticipation: he who, or that which, furnishes ground of expectation: that which is hoped for.--_adj._ HOPE'FUL, full of hope: having qualities which excite hope: promising good or success.--_adv._ HOPE'FULLY.--_n._ HOPE'FULNESS.--_adj._ HOPE'LESS, without hope: giving no ground to expect good or success: desperate.--_adv._ HOPE'LESSLY.--_n._ HOPE'LESSNESS.--_adv._ H[=O]P'INGLY.--HOPE AGAINST HOPE, to continue to hope when there is no sufficient reason. [A.S. _hopian_--_hopa_, hope; Dut. _hopen_, Ger. _hoffen_.]

HOPE, h[=o]p, _n._ a hollow, a mound: the upper end of a narrow mountain-valley: a comb--common in north country place-names.

HOPLITE, hop'l[=i]t, _n._ a heavy-armed Greek foot-soldier. [Gr. _hoplit[=e]s_.]

HOPPLE, hop'l, _v.t._ to tie the feet close together to prevent hopping or running.--_n._ (chiefly in _pl._) a fetter for horses, &c., when left to graze. [A parallel form to _hobble_, a freq. of _hop_.]

HORAL, h[=o]r'al, _adj._ relating to an hour.--_adj._ HOR'ARY, pertaining to an hour: noting the hours: hourly: continuing an hour. [L. _hora_, an hour.]

HORATIAN, h[=o]-r[=a]'shan, _adj._ pertaining to _Horace_, the Latin poet (65-8 B.C.), or to his style.

HORDE, h[=o]rd, _n._ a migratory or wandering tribe or clan.--_v.i._ to live together as a horde.--GOLDEN HORDE (see GOLDEN). [Fr.,--Turk. _ord[=u]_, camp--Pers. _[=o]rd[=u]_, court, camp, horde of Tatars.]

HORDEUM, hor'd[=e]-um, _n._ a genus of plants of order _Gramineæ_, with twelve species.--_adj._ HORDE[=A]'CEOUS, barley-like.--_n._ HORD[=E]'OLUM, a sty on the edge of the eyelid. [L., barley.]

HOREHOUND. See HOARHOUND.

HORIZON, ho-r[=i]'zun, _n._ the circular line formed by the apparent meeting of the earth and sky--in astronomical phrase, the _sensible_, _apparent_, or _visible horizon_, as opposed to the _astronomical_, _true_, or _rational_ horizon, the circle formed by a plane passing through the centre of the earth, parallel to the sensible horizon, and produced to meet the heavens: (_geol._) a stratum marked by the presence of a particular fossil not found in the overlying or underlying beds: any level line or surface: the limit of one's experience or apprehension.--_adj._ HORIZON'TAL, pertaining to the horizon: parallel to the horizon: level: near the horizon: measured in a plane of the horizon.--_n._ HORIZONTAL'ITY.--_adv._ HORIZON'TALLY.--ARTIFICIAL HORIZON, a small trough containing quicksilver, the surface of which affords a reflection of the celestial bodies. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _horiz[=o]n_ (_kyklos_), bounding (circle), _horizein_, to bound--_horos_, a limit.]

HORN, horn, _n._ the hard substance projecting from the heads of certain animals, as oxen, &c.: something made of or like a horn, as a powder-horn, a drinking-horn: a symbol of strength: (_mus._) a hunting-horn: an orchestral wind-instrument of the trumpet class, with a slender twisted brass tube and bell mouth--also distinctively _French horn_.--_v.t._ to furnish with horns.--_adj._ HORNED.--_ns._ HORN'BEAK, the garfish; HORN'BEAM, a tree of Europe and America, the hard white wood of which is used by joiners, &c.; HORN'BILL, a bird about the size of the turkey, having a horny excrescence on its bill; HORN'BOOK, a first book for children, which formerly consisted of a single leaf set in a frame, with a thin plate of transparent horn in front to preserve it; HORN'-BUG, a common North American beetle; HORNED'-HORSE, the gnu; HORNED'-OWL, HORN'OWL, a species of owl, so called from two tufts of feathers on its head, like horns; HORN'ER, one who works or deals in horns: a trumpeter.--_adj._ HORN'-FOOT'ED, having a hoof or horn on the foot.--_ns._ HORN'-GATE, one of the two gates of Dreams, through which pass those visions that come true, while out of the ivory-gate pass the unreal; HORN'IE, the devil, usually represented with horns; HORN'ING, appearance of the moon when in its crescent form: (_U.S._) a mock serenade with tin horns and any discordant instruments by way of showing public disapproval.--_adjs._ HORN'ISH, like horn: hard; HORN'LESS, without horns.--_n._ HORN'LET, a little horn.--_adj._ HORN'-MAD, mad with rage, as the cuckold at the moment of discovery.--_ns._ HORNMAD'NESS (_Browning_); HORN'-MAK'ER (_Shak._), a cuckold-maker; HORN'-MER'CURY, mercurous chloride or calomel; HORN'-SIL'VER, silver chloride; HORN'STONE, a stone much like flint, but more brittle [_horn_ and _stone_]; HORN'WORK (_fort._), an outwork having angular points or horns, and composed of two demi-bastions joined by a curtain; HORN'WRACK, the sea-mat or lemon-weed.--_adjs._ HORN'Y, like horn: hard: callous; HORN'Y-HAND'ED, with hands hardened by toil.--HORN OF PLENTY, the symbol of plenty, carried by Ceres in her left arm, filled to overflowing with fruits and flowers (see CORNUCOPIA); HORNS OF A DILEMMA (see DILEMMA); HORNS OF THE ALTAR, the projections at the four corners of the Hebrew altar, to which the victim was bound when about to be sacrificed.--LETTERS OF HORNING (_Scots law_), letters running in the sovereign's name, and passing the signet, instructing messengers-at-arms to charge the debtor to pay, on his failure a caption or warrant for his apprehension being granted; PULL, or DRAW, IN ONE'S HORNS, to restrain one's ardour or one's pretensions; PUT TO THE HORN (_old Scots law_), to outlaw by three blasts of the horn at the Cross of Edinburgh; WEAR HORNS, to be a cuckold. [A.S. _horn_; Scand. and Ger. _horn_, Gael. and W. _corn_, L. _cornu_, Gr. _keras_.]

HORNBLENDE, horn'blend, _n._ a mineral of various colours, found in granite and other igneous rocks that contain quartz. [Ger. _horn_, horn, and _-blende_--_blenden_, to dazzle.]

HORNET, horn'et, _n._ a species of wasp, so called from its antennæ or horns: a person who pesters with petty but ceaseless attacks.--BRING A HORNET'S NEST ABOUT ONE'S EARS, to stir up enemies and enmities against one's self. [A.S. _hyrnet_, dim. of _horn_.]

HORNITO, hor-n[=e]'t[=o], _n._ a low oven-shaped fumarole, common in South American volcanic regions. [Sp., dim. of _horno_, an oven.]

HORNPIPE, horn'p[=i]p, _n._ an old Welsh musical instrument resembling the clarinet: a lively air: a lively English dance, usually by one person, popular amongst sailors.

HOROGRAPHY, hor-og'ra-fi, _n._ the art of constructing dials or instruments for indicating the hours.--_n._ HOROG'RAPHER. [Gr. _h[=o]ra_, an hour, _graphein_, to describe.]

HOROLOGE, hor'o-l[=o]j, _n._ any instrument for telling the hours.--_ns._ HOROL'OGER, HOROLOGIOG'RAPHER, HOROL'OGIST, a maker of clocks, &c.--_adjs._ HOROLOG'IC, -AL.--_ns._ HOROLOGIOG'RAPHY, the art of constructing timepieces; HOROL'OGY, the science which treats of the construction of machines for telling the hours: the office-book of the Greek Church for the canonical hours. [O. Fr. _horologe_ (Fr. _horloge_)--L. _horologium_--Gr. _h[=o]rologion_--_h[=o]ra_, an hour, _legein_, to tell.]

HOROMETRY, hor-om'et-ri, _n._ the art or practice of measuring time.--_adj._ HOROMET'RICAL. [Gr. _h[=o]ra_, an hour, _metron_, a measure.]

HOROSCOPE, hor'o-sk[=o]p, _n._ an observation of the heavens at the hour of a person's birth, by which the astrologer predicted the events of his life: a representation of the heavens for this purpose.--_adj._ HOROSCOP'IC.--_ns._ HOROS'COPIST, an astrologer; HOROS'COPY, the art of predicting the events of a person's life from his horoscope: aspect of the stars at the time of birth. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _h[=o]roskopos_--_h[=o]ra_, an hour, _skopein_, to observe.]

HORRENT, hor'ent, _adj._ standing on end, as bristles. [L. _horrens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _horr[=e]re_, to bristle.]

HORRIBLE, hor'i-bl, _adj._ causing or tending to cause horror: dreadful: awful: terrific.--_n._ HORR'IBLENESS.--_adv._ HORR'IBLY. [L. _horribilis_--_horr[=e]re_.]

HORRID, hor'id, _adj._ fitted to produce horror: shocking: offensive.--_adv._ HORR'IDLY.--_n._ HORR'IDNESS. [L. _horridus_--_horr[=e]re_, to bristle.]

HORRIFY, hor'-i-f[=i], _v.t._ to strike with horror:--_pa.p._ horr'ified.--_adj._ HORRIF'IC, exciting horror: frightful. [L. _horrificus_--_horror_, horror, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

HORRIPILATION, hor-i-pi-l[=a]'shun, _n._ a contraction of the cutaneous muscles causing the erection of the hairs and the condition known as goose-flesh.--_v.t._ HORRIP'ILATE.

HORRISONOUS, hor-is'[=o]-nus, _adj._ sounding dreadfully.--Also HORRIS'ONANT.

HORROR, hor'ur, _n._ a shuddering: excessive fear: that which excites horror.--_adjs._ HORR'OR-STRICK'EN, -STRUCK, struck with horror.--THE HORRORS, extreme depression: delirium tremens. [L.--_horr[=e]re_, to bristle.]

HORS-D'OEUVRE, or-düvr', a preliminary snack that does not form part of the regular _menu_.

HORSE, hors, _n._ a well-known quadruped: (_collectively_) cavalry: that by which something is supported, as 'clothes-horse,' &c.: a wooden frame on which soldiers were formerly made to ride as a punishment--also _Timber-mare_: a boy's crib, a translation.--_v.t._ to mount on a horse: to provide with a horse: to sit astride: to carry on the back: to urge at work tyrannically: to construe by means of a crib.--_v.i._ to get on horseback: to charge for work before it is done.--_ns._ HORSE'-ARTILL'ERY, field artillery with comparatively light guns and the gunners mounted; HORSE'BACK, the back of a horse; HORSE'-BEAN, a large bean given to horses; HORSE'-BLOCK, a block or stage by which to mount or dismount from a horse; HORSE'-BOAT, a boat for carrying horses, or one towed by a horse; HORSE'-BOX, a railway car for transporting horses in, or a stall on shipboard; HORSE'-BOY, a stable-boy; HORSE'-BREAK'ER, HORSE'-TAM'ER, one whose business is to break or tame horses, or to teach them to draw or carry (PRETTY HORSE-BREAKER, a woman with little virtue to lose); HORSE'-CAR, a car drawn by horses; HORSE'-CHEST'NUT, a large variety of chestnut, prob. so called from its coarseness contrasted with the edible chestnut: the tree that produces it (see CHESTNUT); HORSE'-CLOTH, a cloth for covering a horse; HORSE'-COUP'ER (_Scot._), a horse-dealer; HORSE'-DEAL'ER, one who deals in horses; HORSE'-DOC'TOR, a veterinary surgeon; HORSE'-DRENCH, a dose of physic for a horse.--_adj._ HORSE'-FACED, having a long face.--_ns._ HORSE'-FLESH, the flesh of a horse: horses collectively: a Bahama mahogany.--_adj._ of reddish-bronze colour.--_ns._ HORSE'-FLY, a large fly that stings horses; HORSE'-FOOT, the colt's foot; HORSE'-GOD'MOTHER, a fat clumsy woman.--_n.pl._ HORSE'-GUARDS, horse-soldiers employed as guards: the 3d heavy cavalry regiment of the British army, forming part of the household troops: the War Office, or public office in Whitehall, London, appropriated to the departments of the commander-in-chief of the British army.--_ns._ HORSE'-HAIR, the hair of horses: haircloth; HORSE'-HOE, a hoe drawn by horses; HORSE'-KNACK'ER, one who buys worn-out horses for slaughtering; HORSE'-LAT'ITUDES, a part of the North Atlantic Ocean noted for long calms, so called from the frequent necessity of throwing part of a cargo of horses overboard from want of water when becalmed; HORSE'-LAUGH, a harsh, boisterous laugh; HORSE'-LEECH, a large species of leech, so named from its fastening on horses when wading in the water: a bloodsucker (Prov. xxx. 15); HORSE'-LITT'ER, a litter or bed borne between two horses; HORSE'-MACK'EREL, one of various fishes--the scad (q.v.), &c.; HORSE'MAN, a rider on horseback: a mounted soldier; HORSE'MANSHIP, the art of riding, and of training and managing horses; HORSE'-MA'RINE, a person quite out of his element: an imaginary being for whom wild flights of imagination had best be reserved ('Tell it to the horse-marines'); HORSE-MILL, a mill turned by horses; HORSE'-MILL'INER, one who provides the trappings for horses; HORSE'-MINT, a common European wild-mint: the American _Monarda punctata_--SWEET HORSE-MINT, the common dittany; HORSE'-NAIL, a nail for fastening a horse-shoe to the hoof; HORSE'-PIS'TOL, a large pistol carried in a holster; HORSE'-PLAY, rough, boisterous play; HORSE'-POND, a pond for watering horses at; HORSE'-POW'ER, the power a horse can exert, or its equivalent=that required to raise 33,000 lb. avoirdupois one foot per minute: a standard for estimating the power of steam-engines; HORSE'-RACE, a race by horses; HORSE'-RAC'ING, the practice of racing or running horses in matches; HORSE'-RAD'ISH, a plant with a pungent root, used in medicine and as a condiment; HORSE'-RAKE, a rake drawn by horses; HORSE'-RID'ING, a circus; HORSE'-SENSE, plain robust sense; HORSE'-SHOE, a shoe for horses, consisting of a curved piece of iron.--_adj._ shaped like a horse-shoe.--_ns._ HORSE'-SOL'DIER, a cavalry soldier; HORSE'-TAIL, a genus of leafless plants with hollow rush-like stems, so called from their likeness to a horse's tail; HORSE'-TRAIN'ER, one who trains horses for racing, &c.; HORSE'-WAY, a road by which a horse may pass; HORSE'-WHIP, a whip for driving horses.--_v.t._ to strike with a horse-whip: to lash.--_ns._ HORSE'WOMAN, a woman who rides on horseback; HORS'INESS; HORS'ING, birching a schoolboy mounted on another's back.--_adj._ HORS'Y, of or pertaining to horses: devoted to horse racing or breeding.--A DARK HORSE (see DARK); FLOG A DEAD HORSE, to try to work up excitement about a threadbare subject; GET ON, MOUNT, THE HIGH HORSE, to assume consequential airs; PUT THE CART BEFORE THE HORSE (see CART); RIDE THE WOODEN HORSE (see above); TAKE HORSE, to mount on horseback. [A.S. _hors_; Ice. _horss_, Old High Ger. _hros_ (Ger. _ross_).]

HORTATIVE, hort'a-tiv, _adj._ inciting: encouraging: giving advice--also HORT'ATORY.--_n._ HORT[=A]'TION. [L. _hort[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_, to incite.]

HORTICULTURE, hor'ti-kul-t[=u]r, _n._ the art of cultivating gardens.--_adj._ HORTICUL'TURAL, pertaining to the culture of gardens.--_n._ HORTICUL'TURIST, one versed in the art of cultivating gardens.--HORTUS SICCUS, a collection of dried plants arranged in a book. [L. _hortus_, a garden, _cultura_--_col[)e]re_, to cultivate.]

HOSANNNA, h[=o]-zan'a, _n._ an exclamation of praise to God, or a prayer for blessings. [Gr. _h[=o]sanna_--Heb. _h[=o]sh[=i]`[=a]h nn[=a]_, _h[=o]sh[=i][=a]`_, save, _n[=a]_, I pray.]

HOSE, h[=o]z, _n._ a covering for the legs or feet: stockings: socks: a flexible pipe for conveying water, so called from its shape:--_pl._ HOSE; (_B._) HOS'EN.--_ns._ HOSE'MAN, one who directs the stream of water from the hose of a fire-engine; HOSE'PIPE; HOSE'-REEL, a large revolving drum or reel for carrying hose for fire-engines, &c.; H[=O]'SIER, one who deals in hose, or stockings and socks, &c.; H[=O]'SIERY, hose in general. [A.S. _hosa_, pl. _hosan_; Dut. _hoos_, Ger. _hose_.]

HOSPICE, hos'p[=e]s, _n._ a house of entertainment for strangers, esp. such kept by monks on some Alpine passes for travelers.--Also HOSPIT'IUM. [Fr.,--L. _hospitium_--_hospes_, a stranger treated as a guest.]

HOSPITABLE, hos'pit-a-bl, _adj._ entertaining strangers and guests kindly and without reward: showing kindness: generous: bountiful.--_n._ HOS'PITABLENESS.--_adv._ HOS'PITABLY.--_n._ HOSPITAL'ITY, the practice of one who is hospitable; friendly welcome and entertainment of guests--(_Spens._) HOS'PIT[=A]GE.

HOSPITAL, hos-'pit-al, _n._ a building for the reception and treatment of the old, the sick, and hurt, &c., or for the support and education of the young.--_n._ HOS'PITALLER, one of a charitable brotherhood for the care of the sick in hospitals: one of an order of knights, commonly called Knights of St John (otherwise called Knights of Rhodes, and afterwards of Malta), who about 1048 built a hospital for the care and cure of pilgrims at Jerusalem.--HOSPITAL SATURDAY, or SUNDAY, days set apart for the collection of funds on behalf of hospitals.--CONVALESCENT HOSPITAL, one intermediate between the ordinary hospital and the patient's own home; COTTAGE HOSPITAL, a small establishment where hospital treatment is carried on at little expense and with simple arrangements; LOCK HOSPITAL, one for the treatment of venereal diseases; MAGDALEN HOSPITAL, an institution for the reclamation of fallen women; MARINE, or NAVAL, HOSPITAL, a special hospital for sick sailors, or for men in the naval service; MATERNITY HOSPITAL, one for women in labour. [O. Fr. _hospital_--Low L. _hospitale_--_hospes_, a guest.]

HOSPODAR, hos'po-där, _n._ formerly the title of the princes of Moldavia and Wallachia. [Slav.]

HOSS, a vulgarism for _horse_.

HOST, h[=o]st, _n._ one who entertains a stranger or guest at his house without reward: an innkeeper: an organism on which another lives as a parasite:--_fem._ HOST'ESS.--_n._ HOST'ESS-SHIP (_Shak._), the character or office of a hostess.--_adj._ HOST'LESS (_Spens._), destitute of a host, inhospitable.--RECKON, or COUNT, WITHOUT ONE'S HOST, to misjudge, the original idea being that of totting up one's bill without reference to the landlord. [O. Fr. _hoste_--L. _hospes_, _hospitis_.]

HOST, h[=o]st, _n._ an army, a large multitude.--_n._ HOST'ING, (_Milt._) an encounter of hosts, a battle: (_Spens._) an assemblage of hosts, a muster.--A HOST IN HIMSELF, one of great strength, skill, or resources, within himself; HEAVENLY HOST, the angels and archangels; LORD OF HOSTS, a favourite Hebrew term for Jehovah, considered as head of the hosts of angels, the hosts of stars, &c. [O. Fr. _host_--L. _hostis_, an enemy.]

HOST, h[=o]st, _n._ in the R.C. Church, the consecrated bread of the Eucharist--a thin circular wafer of unleavened bread. [L. _hostia_, a victim.]

HOSTAGE, hos't[=a]j, _n._ one remaining with the enemy as a pledge for the fulfilment of the conditions of a treaty.--HOSTAGES TO FORTUNE, a man's wife, children, &c. [O. Fr. _hostage_ (Fr. _ôtage_)--Low L. _obsidaticus_--L. _obses_, _obsidis_, a hostage.]

HOSTEL, hos'tel, HOSTELRY, hos'tel-ri, _n._ an inn: in some universities an extra-collegiate hall for students.--_ns._ HOS'TELER, HOS'TELLER, one living in a hostel. [O. Fr. _hostel_, _hostellerie_.]

HOSTILE, hos'til, _adj._ belonging to an enemy: showing enmity: warlike: adverse.--_adv._ HOS'TILELY.--_n._ HOSTIL'ITY, enmity:--_pl._ HOSTIL'ITIES, acts of warfare. [L. _hostilis_--_hostis_.]

HOSTLER, OSTLER, hos'l[.e]r, or os'-, _n._ he who has the care of horses at an inn. [_Hostler_=_hosteleer_.]

HOT, hot, _adj._ having heat: very warm: fiery: pungent: animated: ardent in temper: fervent: vehement: violent: passionate: lustful.--_adj._ HOT'-AND-HOT', of food cooked and served up at once in hot dishes.--_ns._ HOT'BED, a glass-covered bed heated for bringing forward plants rapidly: any place favourable to rapid growth or development, as 'a hotbed of vice,' &c.; HOT'BLAST, a blast of heated air blown into a furnace to raise the heat.--_adjs._ HOT'-BLOOD'ED, having hot blood: high-spirited: irritable; HOT'-BRAINED, hot-headed, rash and violent.--_n._ HOT'-COCK'LES, an old game in which a person is blindfolded, and being struck, guesses who strikes him; HOT'-FLUE, a drying-room.--_adj._ HOT'-HEAD'ED, hot in the head: having warm passions: violent: impetuous.--_n._ HOT'-HOUSE, a house kept hot for the rearing of tender plants: any heated chamber or drying-room, esp. that where pottery is placed before going into the kiln: (_Shak._) a brothel.--_adv._ HOT'LY.--_adj._ HOT'-MOUTHED, headstrong.--_n._ HOT'NESS; HOT'-POT, a dish of chopped mutton seasoned and stewed with sliced potatoes.--_v.t._ HOT'PRESS, to press paper, &c., between hot plates to produce a glossy surface.--_adjs._ HOT'-SHORT, brittle when heated; HOT'-SPIR'ITED, having a fiery spirit.--_n._, one pressing his steed with spurs as in hot haste: a violent, rash man.--_adj._ HOT'-TEM'PERED, having a quick temper.--_ns._ HOT'-TROD, the hot pursuit in old Border forays; HOT'-WALL, a wall enclosing passages for hot air, affording warmth to fruit-trees trained against it, when needed; HOT'-WELL, in a condensing engine, a reservoir for the warm water drawn off from the condenser.--HOT COPPERS (see COPPER); HOT CROSS-BUNS (see CROSS); HOT FOOT, with speed, fast; IN HOT WATER, in a state of trouble or anxiety; MAKE A PLACE TOO HOT TO HOLD A PERSON, to make it impossible for him to stay there. [A.S. _hát_; Ger. _heiss_, Sw. _het_.]

HOT, hot, HOTE, h[=o]t (_Spens._) named, called. [_Pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _hight_.]

HOTCHPOTCH, hoch'poch, HOTCHPOT, hoch'pot, HODGEPODGE, hoj'poj, _n._ a confused mass of ingredients shaken or mixed together in the same pot: a kind of mutton-broth in which green peas take the place of barley or rice.--HOTCHPOT, a commixture of property in order to secure an equable division amongst children. [Fr. _hochepot_--_hocher_, to shake, and pot, a pot--Old Dut. _hutsen_, to shake, Dut. _pot_, a pot.]

HOTEL, h[=o]-tel', _n._ a superior house for the accommodation of strangers: an inn: in France, also a public office, a private town-house, a palace.--_ns._ HÔTEL'-DE-VILLE (Fr.), a town-hall; HÔTEL'-DIEU, a hospital. [M. E. _hostel_--O. Fr. _hostel_ (Fr. _hôtel_)--L. _hospitalia_, guest-chambers--_hospes_.]

HOTTENTOT, hot'n-tot, _n._ a native of the Cape of Good Hope: a brutish individual. [Dut., because the language of the South Africans seemed to the first Dutch settlers to sound like a repetition of the syllables _hot_ and _tot_; Dut. _en_--and.]

HOTTERING, hot'er-ing, _adj._ (_prov._) raging.

HOUDAH. See HOWDAH.

HOUDAN, h[=oo]'dang, _n._ a valued breed of domestic fowls, orig. from _Houdan_ in Seine-et-Oise.

HOUGH, hok, HOCK, hok, _n._ the joint on the hind-leg of a quadruped, between the knee and fetlock, corresponding to the ankle-joint in man: in man, the back part of the knee-joint: the ham.--_v.t._ to hamstring:--_pr.p._ hough'ing; _pa.p._ houghed (hokt). [A.S. _hóh_, the heel.]

HOUND, hownd, _n._ a dog used in hunting: a cur: a caitiff.--_v.t._ to set on in chase: to hunt: to urge, pursue, harass (with _on_).--_ns._ HOUND'FISH, same as DOGFISH; HOUNDS'-BERR'Y, the common dogwood; HOUND'S'-TONGUE, a plant, so called from the shape of its leaves.--GABRIEL HOUNDS, a popular name for the noise made by distant curlews, ascribed to damned souls whipped on by the angel Gabriel; MASTER OF HOUNDS, the master of a pack of hounds. [A.S. _hund_; Gr. ky[=o]n, _kynos_, L. _canis_, Sans. _çvan_.]

HOUR, owr, _n._ 60 min., or the 24th part of a day: the time indicated by a clock, &c.: an hour's journey, or three miles: a time or occasion; (_pl., myth._) the goddesses of the seasons and the hours: set times of prayer, the _canonical hours_, the offices or services prescribed for these, or a book containing them.--_ns._ HOUR'-CIR'CLE, a circle passing through the celestial poles and fixed relatively to the earth: the circle of an equatorial which shows the hour-angle of the point to which the telescope is directed; HOUR'-GLASS, an instrument for measuring the hours by the running of sand from one glass vessel into another; HOUR'-HAND, the hand which shows the hour on a clock, &c.--_adj._ HOUR'LY, happening or done every hour: frequent.--_adv._ every hour: frequently.--_n._ HOUR'PLATE, the plate of a timepiece on which the hours are marked: the dial.--AT THE ELEVENTH HOUR, at the last moment possible (Matt. xx. 6, 9); IN A GOOD, OR EVIL, HOUR, acting under a fortunate, or an unfortunate, impulse--from the old belief in astrological influences; KEEP GOOD HOURS, to go to bed and to rise early: to lead a quiet and regular life; THE HOUR IS COME, the destined day of fate has come (John, xiii. 1); THE SMALL HOURS, the early hours of the morning; THREE HOURS SERVICE, a service held continuously on Good Friday, from noon to 3 P.M., in commemoration of the time of Christ's agony on the cross. [O. Fr. _hore_ (Fr. _heure_)--L. _hora_--Gr. _h[=o]ra_.]

HOURI, how'ri, h[=oo]'ri, _n._ a nymph of the Mohammedan paradise. [Pers. _huri_--Ar. _h[=u]riya_, a black-eyed girl.]

HOUSE, hows, _n._ a building for dwelling in: a dwelling-place: an inn: household affairs: a family: kindred: a trading establishment: one of the twelve divisions of the heavens in astrology: one of the estates of the legislature (House of Lords or Upper House, House of Commons or Lower House; also Upper and Lower Houses of Convocation, House of Representatives, &c.): at Oxford, 'The House,' Christ Church College: the audience at a place of entertainment, a theatre, &c. (a full house, a thin house): (_coll._) the workhouse:--_pl._ HOUSES (howz'ez).--_v.t._ HOUSE (howz), to protect by covering: to shelter: to store: to provide houses for.--_v.i._ to take shelter: to reside.--_ns._ HOUSE'-[=A]'GENT, one who has the letting of houses; HOUSE'-BOAT, a barge with a deck-cabin that may serve as a dwelling-place; HOUSE'-BOTE, wood that a tenant may take to repair his house, or for fuel; HOUSE'-BREAK'ER, one who breaks open and enters a house by day for the purpose of stealing; HOUSE'-BREAK'ING; HOUSE'-CARL, a member of a king or noble's bodyguard, in Danish and early English history; HOUSE'-D[=U]'TY, -TAX, a tax laid on inhabited houses; HOUSE'-FAC'TOR (_Scot._), a house-agent; HOUSE'-FA'THER, the male head of a household or community; HOUSE'-FLAG, the distinguishing flag of a shipowner or company of such; HOUSE'-FLY, the common fly universally distributed; HOUSE'HOLD, those who are held together in the same house, and compose a family.--_adj._ pertaining to the house and family.--_ns._ HOUSE'HOLDER, the holder or tenant of a house; HOUSE'KEEPER, a female servant who keeps or has the chief care of the house: one who stays much at home; HOUSE'KEEPING, the keeping or management of a house or of domestic affairs: hospitality.--_adj._ domestic.--_n._ HOUSE'-LEEK, a plant with red star-like flowers and succulent leaves that grows on the roofs of houses.--_adj._ HOUSE'LESS, without a house or home: having no shelter.--_ns._ HOUSE'-LINE (_naut._), a small line of three strands, for seizings, &c.; HOUSE'MAID, a maid employed to keep a house clean, &c.; HOUSE'-MATE, one sharing a house with another; HOUSE'-MOTH'ER, the mother of a family, the female head of a family; HOUSE'-ROOM, room or place in a house; HOUSE'-STEW'ARD, a steward who manages the household affairs of a great family; HOUSE'-SUR'GEON, the surgeon or medical officer in a hospital who resides in the house--so also HOUSE'-PHYSI'CIAN; HOUSE'-WARM'ING, an entertainment given when a family enters a new house, as if to warm it; HOUSEWIFE (hows'w[=i]f, huz'wif, or huz'if), the mistress of a house: a female domestic manager: a small case for articles of female work.--_adj._ HOUSE'WIFELY.--_n._ HOUSE'WIFERY--(_Scot._) HOUSE'WIFESKEP.--HOUSE OF CALL, a house where the journeymen of a particular trade call when out of work; HOUSE OF CORRECTION, a jail; HOUSE OF GOD, PRAYER, or WORSHIP, a place of worship; HOUSE OF ILL FAME, a bawdy-house.--A HOUSEHOLD WORD, a familiar saying; BRING DOWN THE HOUSE, to evoke very loud applause in a place of entertainment; CRY FROM THE HOUSE-TOP, to announce in the most public manner possible; HOUSEHOLD GODS, one's favourite domestic things--a playful use of the Roman _penates_ (q.v.); HOUSEHOLD SUFFRAGE, or FRANCHISE, the right of householders to vote for members of parliament; HOUSEHOLD TROOPS, six regiments whose peculiar duty is to attend the sovereign and defend the metropolis; HOUSEMAID'S KNEE, an inflammation of the sac between the knee-pan and the skin, to which housemaids are specially liable through kneeling on damp floors.--INNER HOUSE, the higher branch of the Scotch Court of Session, its jurisdiction chiefly appellate; OUTER HOUSE, the lower branch of the Court of Session.--KEEP A GOOD HOUSE, to keep up a plentifully supplied table; KEEP HOUSE, to maintain or manage an establishment; KEEP OPEN HOUSE, to give entertainments to all comers; KEEP THE HOUSE, to be confined to the house; LIKE A HOUSE AFIRE, with astonishing rapidity; THE HOUSEHOLD, the royal domestic establishment. [A.S. _hús_; Goth. _hus_, Ger. _haus_.]

HOUSEL, howz'el, _n._ the Eucharist: the act of taking the same.--_n._ HOUS'ELING-CLOTH, a linen cloth held or stretched beneath the communicants.--_adj._ HOUS'LING (_Spens._), sacramental. [A.S. _húsel_, sacrifice.]

HOUSING, howz'ing, _n._ an ornamental covering for a horse: a saddle-cloth: (_pl._) the trappings of a horse. [O. Fr. _housse_, a mantle, of Teut. origin.]

HOUSTY, hows'ti, _n._ (_prov._) a sore throat.

HOUT-TOUT, hoot-toot, _interj._ Same as HOOT.

HOUYHNHNM, whin'im, _n._ one of the noble rational horse race in _Gulliver's Travels_. [From _whinny_.]

HOVA, h[=o]'va, _n._ one of the dominant race in Madagascar:--_pl._ H[=O]'VAS.

HOVE, h[=o]v, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to heave, to raise.

HOVE, h[=o]v, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to hover, to loiter.

HOVE, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _heave_.

HOVEL, hov'el, _n._ a small or mean dwelling: a shed.--_v.t._ to put in a hovel: to shelter: to construct a chimney so as to prevent smoking, by making two of the more exposed walls higher than the others, or making an opening on one side near the top:--_pr.p._ hov'elling; _pa.p._ hov'elled.--_n._ HOV'ELLER, a boatman acting as a non-certificated pilot or doing any kind of occasional work on the coast: a small coasting-vessel. [Dim. of A.S. _hof_, a dwelling.]

HOVER, hov'[.e]r, _v.i._ to remain aloft flapping the wings: to wait in suspense: to move about near.--_adv._ HOV'ERINGLY, in a hovering manner. [Formed from A.S. _hof_, house.]

HOW, how, _adv._ in what manner: to what extent: for what reason: by what means: from what cause: in what condition: (_N.T._) sometimes=that.--THE HOW AND THE WHY, the manner and the cause. [A.S. _hú_ is prob. a form of _hwí_, in what way, why, the instrumental case of _hwá_, who.]

HOW, Howe, how, _n._ (_Scot._) a hollow, glen, dell, or narrow plain. [Prob. related to _hole_.]

HOW, how, _n._ (_prov._) a low hill. [Akin to high, A.S. _heáh_.]

HOWBEIT, how-b[=e]'it, _conj._ be it how it may: notwithstanding: yet: however--(_Spens._) HOW'BE.

HOWDAH, HOUDAH, how'da, _n._ a seat fixed on an elephant's back. [Ar. _hawdaj_.]

HOWDIE, HOWDY, how'di, _n._ (_Scot._) a midwife. [Webster ingeniously at least suggests a derivation in 'How d'ye?' the midwife's first question.]

HOWDY, how'di, _interj._ a colloquial form of the common greeting, 'How do you [do]?'--_n._ HOW'DY-DO, a troublesome state of matters.

HOWEVER, how-ev'[.e]r, _adv._ and _conj._ in whatever manner or degree: nevertheless: at all events.

HOWFF, HOUFF, howf, _n._ (_Scot._) a haunt, resort.--_v.i._ to resort to a place. [A.S. _hof_, a house.]

HOWITZER, how'its-[.e]r, _n._ a short, light cannon, used for throwing shells. [Ger. _haubitze_, orig. _hauffnitz_--Bohem. _haufnice_, a sling.]

HOWK, howk, _v.t._ and _v.i._ (_Scot._) to dig, burrow.

HOWKER, how'k[.e]r, _n._ Same as HOOKER.

HOWL, howl, _v.i._ to yell or cry, as a wolf or dog: to utter a long, loud, whining sound: to wail: to roar.--_v.t._ to utter with outcry:--_pr.p._ howl'ing; _pa.p._ howled.--_n._ a loud, prolonged cry of distress: a mournful cry.--_n._ HOWL'ER, a South American monkey, with prodigious power of voice: (_slang_) a glaring or very stupid error.--_adj._ HOWL'ING, filled with howlings, as of the wind, or of wild beasts: (_slang_) tremendous.--_n._ a howl. [O. Fr. _huller_--L. _ulul[=a]re_, to shriek or howl--_ulula_, an owl; cf. Ger. _heulen_, Eng. _owl_.]

HOWLET, how'let. Same as OWLET.

HOWSO, how'so, _adv._ howsoever.

HOWSOEVER, how-so-ev'[.e]r, _adv._ in what way soever: although: however.--Provincial forms are HOWSOMEV'ER and HOWSOMDEV'ER.

HOX, hoks, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to hough or hamstring.

HOY, hoi, _n._ a large one-decked boat, commonly rigged as a sloop. [Dut. _heu_, Flem. _hui_.]

HOY, hoi, _interj._ ho! stop!--_v.t._ to incite, drive on. [Imit.]

HOYDEN, HOIDEN, hoi'den, _n._ a tomboy, a romp. [Old Dut. _heyden_, a heathen, a gipsy, _heyde_, heath.]

HUB, hub, _n._ the projecting nave of a wheel; a projection on a wheel for the insertion of a pin: the hilt of a weapon: a mark at which quoits, &c., are cast.--HUB (i.e. centre) OF THE UNIVERSE, Boston, U.S. [A form of _hob_.]

HUBBLE, hub'l, _n._ (_Scot._) an uproar: a heap, as of work: (_U.S._) a lump.--_adj._ HUB'BLY.

HUBBLE-BUBBLE, hub'l-bub'l, _n._ an East Indian tobacco-pipe, in which the smoke is drawn through water with a bubbling sound. [Reduplic. from _bubble_.]

HUBBUB, hub'ub, _n._ a confused sound of many voices: riot: uproar. [Prob. a repetition of _hoop_, _whoop_.]

HUBBY, hub'bi, _n._ (_coll._) a diminutive of husband.

HUCKABACK, huk'a-bak, _n._ a coarse variety of linen for towels, &c., having raised figures on it. [Skeat suggests as the original meaning 'pedlar's ware,' Low Ger. _hukkebak_; cf. _hawker_.]

HUCKLE, huk'l, _n._ a hunch: the hip--also HUCK.--_adjs._ HUCK'LE-BACKED, -SHOUL'DERED, having the back or shoulders round.--_n._ HUCK'LE-BONE, the hip-bone, or ankle-bone. [Dim. of _huck_, a prov. form of _hook_.]

HUCKLEBERRY, huk'l-ber'ri, _n._ a North American shrub (_Gaylussacia_) with blue berries. [Prob. a corr. of _hurtleberry_.]

HUCKSTER, huk'st[.e]r, _n._ a retailer of smallwares, a hawker or pedlar: a mean, trickish fellow:--_fem._ HUCK'STRESS.--_v.i._ to deal in small articles, to higgle meanly.--_n._ HUCK'STERAGE, business of a huckster. [With fem. suff. _-ster_, from Dut. _heuker_, a retailer, Old Dut. _hucken_, to stoop or bow; cf. Ice. _húka_, to sit on one's hams, and Eng. _hawker_.]

HUDDLE, hud'l, _v.i._ to put up things confusedly: to hurry in disorder: to crowd.--_v.t._ to throw or crowd together in confusion: to put on hastily.--_n._ a crowd: tumult: confusion. [M. E. _hodren_; prob. a freq. of M. E. _huden_, to hide.]

HUDDUP, hud-up', _interj._ get up! (to a horse).

HUDIBRASTIC, h[=u]-di-bras'tik, _adj._ similar in style to _Hudibras_, a metrical burlesque on the Puritans by Samuel Butler (1612-80): doggerel.

HUE, h[=u], _n._ appearance: colour: tint: dye.---_adjs._ HUED, having a hue; HUE'LESS. [A.S. _hiw_, _heow_; Sw. _hy_, complexion.]

HUE, h[=u], _n._ a shouting.--HUE AND CRY, a loud clamour about something: name of a police gazette, established in 1710. [Fr. _huer_, imit.]

HUFF, huf, _n._ sudden anger or arrogance: a fit of disappointment or anger: a boaster.--_v.t._ to swell: to bully: to remove a 'man' from the board for not capturing pieces open to him, as in draughts.--_v.i._ to swell: to bluster.--_adjs._ HUFF'ISH, HUFF'Y, given to huff: insolent: arrogant.--_adv._ HUFF'ISHLY.--_ns._ HUFF'ISHNESS, HUFF'INESS. [Imit., like _puff_; cf. Ger. _hauchen_, to breathe.]

HUG, hug, _v.t._ to embrace closely and fondly: to cherish: to congratulate (one's self): (_naut._) to keep close to.--_v.i._ to crowd together:--_pr.p._ hug'ging; _pa.p._ hugged.--_n._ a close and fond embrace: a particular grip in wrestling.--HUG ONE'S SELF, to congratulate one's self. [Scand., Ice. _húka_, to sit on one's hams. See HUCKSTER.]

HUGE, h[=u]j, _adj._ having great dimensions, especially height: enormous: monstrous: (_B._) large in number.--_adv._ HUGE'LY.--_n._ HUGE'NESS. [M. E. _huge_; formed by dropping _a_ from O. Fr. _ahuge_, of Teut. origin, cog. with Ger. _hoch_.]

HUGGER-MUGGER, hug'[.e]r-mug'[.e]r, _n._ secrecy: confusion. [Perh. a rhyming extension of _hug_.]

HUGUENOT, h[=u]'ge-not, or -n[=o], _n._ the name formerly given in France to an adherent of the Reformation. [Prob. a dim. of the personal name _Hugo_, _Hugon_, _Hugues_, Hugh, name of some French Calvinist, later a general nickname. Not the Swiss _eidguenot_, Ger. _eidgenossen_, confederates.]

HUIA-BIRD, hw[=e]'ä-b[.e]rd, _n._ a New Zealand starling.

HULK, hulk, _n._ the body of a ship: an old ship unfit for service: a big lubberly fellow: anything unwieldy--often confounded in meaning with _hull_, the body of a ship:--_pl._ THE HULKS, old ships formerly used as prisons.--_adjs._ HULK'ING, HULK'Y, clumsy. [Low L. _hulka_--Gr. _holkas_--_helkein_, to draw.]

HULL, hul, _n._ the husk or outer covering of anything.--_v.t._ to strip off the hull: to husk. [A.S. _hulu_, a husk, as of corn--_helan_, to cover; Ger. _hülle_, a covering, _hehlen_, to cover.]

HULL, hul, _n._ the frame or body of a ship.--_v.t._ to pierce the hull (as with a cannon-ball).--_v.i._ to float or drive on the water, as a mere hull. [Same word as above, perh. modified in meaning by confusion with Dut. _hol_, a ship's hold, or with _hulk_.]

HULLABALOO, hul'la-ba-loo', _n._ an uproar.

HULLO, hul-l[=o]', _v._, _n._, and _interj._ Same as HALLOO.

HULLY, hul'i, _adj._ having husks or pods.

HULSEAN, hul's[=e]-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to John _Hulse_ (1708-89), founder of the Hulsean divinity lectures at Cambridge.

HUM, hum, _v.i._ to make a buzzing sound like bees: to utter a low, droning sound: to supply an interval in speaking by an audible sound.--_v.t._ to sing in a low tone: to applaud anything by humming:--_pr.p._ hum'ming; _pa.p._ hummed.--_n._ the noise of bees and some other insects: any low, dull noise.--_interj._ a sound with a pause implying doubt.--_n._ HUM'MER, something that hums.--HUM AND HAW, to hesitate in giving a direct answer; HUMMING ALE, ale that froths up well, or that makes the head hum; MAKE THINGS HUM, to set things agoing briskly. [Imit.; cf. Ger. _hummen_, _humsen_.]

HUM, hum, _v.t._ to impose on.--_n._ an imposition. [Contr. of _humbug_.]

HUMAN, h[=u]'man, _adj._ belonging or pertaining to man or mankind: having the qualities of a man.--_n._ (_coll._) a human being.--_n._ H[=U]'MANKIND, the human species.--_adv._ H[=U]'MANLY. [Fr.,--L. _humanus_--_homo_, a human being.]

HUMANE, h[=u]-m[=a]n', _adj._ having the feelings proper to man: kind: tender: merciful.--_adv._ HUMANE'LY.--_n._ HUMANE'NESS, kindness: tenderness.

HUMANISE, h[=u]'man-[=i]z, _v.t._ to render human or humane: to soften.--_v.i._ to become humane or civilised.--_n._ HUMANIS[=A]'TION.

HUMANIST, h[=u]'man-ist, _n._ a student of polite literature: at the Renaissance, a student of Greek and Roman literature: a student of human nature.--_n._ H[=U]'MANISM, polite learning, literary culture: any system which puts human interests paramount.--_adj._ HUMANIST'IC.

HUMANITARIAN, h[=u]-man'i-t[=a]'ri-an, _n._ one who denies Christ's divinity, and holds Him to be a mere man: a philanthropist.--_adj._ of or belonging to humanity, benevolent.--_n._ HUMANIT[=A]'RIANISM.

HUMANITY, h[=u]-man'it-i, _n._ the nature peculiar to a human being: the kind feelings of man: benevolence: tenderness: mankind collectively:--_pl._ HUMAN'ITIES, in Scotland, grammar, rhetoric, Latin, Greek, and poetry, so called from their humanising effects.--PROFESSOR OF HUMANITY, in Scotch universities, the professor of Latin. [Fr.,--L. _humanitas_--_humanus_--_homo_, a man.]

HUMBLE, hum'bl, or um'bl, _adj._ low: meek: modest.--_v.t._ to bring down to the ground: to lower: to abase: to mortify: to degrade.--_adj._ HUM'BLE-MOUTHED, humble in speech.--_n._ HUM'BLENESS--(_Spens._) HUM'BLESS.--_adj._ HUM'BLING, making humble.--_n._ a humiliation.--_advs._ HUM'BLINGLY, in a humiliating manner; HUM'BLY. [Fr.,--L. _humilis_, low--_humus_, the ground.]

HUMBLE, hum'bl, _adj._ having no horns.

HUMBLE-BEE, hum'bl-b[=e], _n._ the humming-bee: a genus of social bees which construct their hives under ground. [_Humble_ is a freq. of _hum_.]

HUMBLE-PIE, hum'bl-p[=i], _n._ a pie made of the umbles or numbles (liver, heart, &c.) of a deer.--EAT HUMBLE-PIE, to humiliate one's self, eat one's own words.

HUMBUG, hum'bug, _n._ an imposition under fair pretences: hollowness, pretence: one who so imposes: a kind of candy.--_v.t._ to deceive: to hoax:--_pr.p._ hum'bugging; _pa.p._ hum'bugged.--_adj._ HUMBUG'ABLE, capable of being humbugged.--_ns._ HUM'BUGGER, one who humbugs; HUM'BUGGERY, the practice of humbugging. [Orig. 'a false alarm,' 'a bugbear,' from _hum_ and _bug_, a frightful object.]

HUMBUZZ, the same as the Bull-roarer (q.v.).

HUMDRUM, hum'drum, _adj._ dull: droning: monotonous: commonplace.--_n._ a stupid fellow: monotony, tedious talk. [_Hum_ and _drum_.]

HUMDUDGEON, hum'duj-on, _n._ (_Scot._) an unnecessary outcry.

HUMECTANT, h[=u]-mek'tant, _adj._ pertaining to remedies supposed to increase the fluidity of the blood.--_vs.t._ HUMECT', HUMEC'TATE, to moisten.--_n._ HUMECT[=A]'TION.--_adj._ HUMEC'TIVE, having the power to moisten.--_v.t._ H[=U]'MEFY, to make moist. [L. _humectans_--_hum[=e]re_, to be moist.]

HUMERAL, h[=u]'m[.e]r-al, _adj._ belonging to the shoulder.--_n._ an oblong scarf worn round the priest's shoulders at certain parts of the Mass and of Benediction.--_n._ H[=U]'MERUS, the arm from the shoulder to the elbow: the bone of the upper arm:--_pl._ H[=U]'MERI (-r[=i]).--_adjs._ H[=U]'MERO-C[=U]'BITAL; H[=U]'MERO-DIG'ITAL; H[=U]'MERO-DOR'SAL; H[=U]'MERO-METACAR'PAL; H[=U]'MERO-R[=A]'DIAL. [Fr.,--L. _humerus_, the shoulder.]

HUMET, HUMETTE, h[=u]-met', _n._ (_her._) a fesse or bar cut off short at each end.--_adj._ HUMETÉ.

HUMGRUFFIN, hum'gruf-in, _n._ a terrible person.

HUMIAN, h[=u]m'i-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to David _Hume_ (1711-76), or his philosophy.

HUMHUM, hum'hum, _n._ a kind of plain, coarse cotton cloth used in the East Indies.

HUMIC, h[=u]'mik, _adj._ denoting an acid formed by the action of alkalies on humus or mould.

HUMID, h[=u]'mid, _adj._ moist: damp: rather wet.--_adv._ H[=U]'MIDLY.--_ns._ H[=U]'MIDNESS, HUMID'ITY, moisture: a moderate degree of wetness. [L. _humidus_--_hum[=e]re_, to be moist.]

HUMILIATE, h[=u]-mil'i-[=a]t, _v.t._ to make humble: to depress: to lower in condition.--_adjs._ HUMIL'IANT, humiliating; HUMIL'I[=A]TING, humbling, mortifying.--_n._ HUMILI[=A]'TION, the act of humiliating: abasement: mortification. [L. _humili[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_.]

HUMILITY, h[=u]-mil'i-ti, _n._ the state or quality of being humble: lowliness of mind: modesty. [O. Fr. _humilite_--L. _humilitat-em_--_humilis_, low.]

HUMINE, h[=u]m'in, _n._ Same as HUMUS.

HUMMEL, hum'el, _adj._--hornless.--_n._ HUMM'ELLER, a machine for separating awns of barley from seed.

HUMMING, hum'ing, _n._ a low, murmuring sound, like that made by bees.--_ns._ HUMM'ING-BIRD, a tropical bird, of brilliant plumage and rapid flight, from the humming sound of its wings; HUMM'ING-TOP, a top which when spun gives a humming sound. [_Hum_.]

HUMMOCK, hum'uk, _n._ a hillock: pile or ridge (of ice): (_Scot._) a fistful.--_n._ HUMM'IE, a small protuberance.--_adjs._ HUMM'OCKED, HUMM'OCKY. [Dim. of _hump_.]

HUMMUM, the same as Hammam (q.v.).

HUMOUR, h[=u]'mur, or [=u]'mur, _n._ the moisture or fluids of animal bodies: an animal fluid in an unhealthy state: state of mind (because once thought to depend on the humours of the body), as 'good' and 'ill humour:' disposition: caprice: a mental quality which delights in ludicrous and mirthful ideas: playful fancy.--_v.t._ to go in with the humour of: to gratify by compliance.--_adj._ H[=U]'MORAL, pertaining to or proceeding from the humours.--_ns._ H[=U]'MORALISM, the state of being humoral: the doctrine that diseases have their seat in the humours; H[=U]'MORALIST, one who favours the doctrine of humoralism; HUMORESQUE', a musical caprice; H[=U]'MORIST, one whose conduct and conversation are regulated by humour or caprice: one who studies or portrays the humours of people: one possessed of humour: a writer of comic stories.--_adjs._ HUMORIS'TIC, humorous; H[=U]'MORLESS, without humour; H[=U]'MOROUS, governed by humour: capricious: irregular: full of humour: exciting laughter.--_adv._ H[=U]'MOROUSLY.--_n._ H[=U]'MOROUSNESS.--_adj._ H[=U]'MOURSOME, capricious, petulant.--_n._ H[=U]'MOURSOMENESS.--Out of humour, out of temper, displeased; THE NEW HUMOUR, a so-called modern literary product in which there is even less humour than novelty. [O. Fr. _humor_ (Fr. _humeur_)--L. _humor_--_hum[=e]re_, to be moist.]

HUMP, hump, _n._ a lump or hunch upon the back.--_v.t._ to bend in a hump: (_U.S. slang_) to prepare for a great exertion: (_slang_) to vex or annoy.--_v.i._ to put forth effort.--_n._ HUMP'BACK, a back with a hump or hunch: a person with a humpback.--_adjs._ HUMP'BACKED, having a humpback; HUMPED, having a hump on the back; HUMP'Y, full of humps or protuberances. [Prob. a nasalised form of _heap_.]

HUMPH, humf, _interj._ an exclamation expressive of dissatisfaction or incredulity.

HUMPHREY, TO DINE WITH. See DINE.

HUMPTY-DUMPTY, hum'ti-dum'ti, _n._ a short, squat, egg-like being of nursery folklore: a gipsy drink, ale boiled with brandy.--_adj._ short and broad.

HUMSTRUM, hum'strum, _n._ a hurdy-gurdy.

HUMUS, h[=u]m'us, HUMINE, h[=u]m'in, _n._ a brown or black powder in rich soils, formed by the action of air on animal or vegetable matter.--_adj._ H[=U]'MOUS. [L., 'the ground,' akin to Gr. _chamai_, on the ground.]

HUN, hun, _n._ one of a powerful, squat, swarthy, and savage nomad race of Asia, probably of Mongolian or Tartar stock, who began to move westwards in Europe about 372 A.D., pushing the Goths before them across the Danube, and under Attila (433-453) overrunning Europe: a shortened form of Hungarian.--_adjs._ HUN'NIC, HUN'NISH.

HUNCH, hunsh, _n._ a hump, esp. on the back: a lump.--_n._ HUNCH'BACK, one with a hunch or lump on his back.--_adj._ HUNCH'BACKED, having a humpback. [The nasalised form of _hook_; cog. with Ger. _hucke_, the bent back; cf. Scot. to _hunker_ down, to sit on one's heels with the knees bent up towards the chin.]

HUNDRED, hun'dred, _n._ the number of ten times ten: a division of a county in England, orig. supposed to contain a hundred families.--_adjs._ HUN'DREDFOLD, folded a hundred times, multiplied by a hundred; HUN'DREDTH, coming last or forming one of a hundred.--_n._ one of a hundred.--_n._ HUN'DREDWEIGHT, a weight the twentieth part of a ton, or 112 lb. avoirdupois; orig. a hundred lb., abbreviated _cwt._ (c. standing for L. _centum_, _wt._ for weight).--HUNDRED DAYS, the period between Napoleon's return from Elba and his final downfall after Waterloo (the reign lasted exactly 95 days, March 20-June 22, 1815); HUNDRED YEARS' WAR, the struggle between England and France, from 1337 down to 1453; CHILTERN HUNDREDS, a district of Bucks, whose stewardship is a nominal office under the Crown, the temporary acceptance of which by a member of parliament enables him technically to vacate his seat; GREAT, or LONG, HUNDRED, six score; NOT A HUNDRED MILES OFF, an indirect phrase for 'here,' 'in this very place;' OLD HUNDRED, or HUNDREDTH, a well-known long-metre setting of the hundredth psalm, 'All people that on earth do dwell.' [A.S. _hundred_--old form _hund_, a hundred, with the superfluous addition of _réd_ or _r['æ]d_ (Eng. _rate_), a reckoning.]

HUNG, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of hang.--_n._ HUNG'-BEEF, beef cured and dried.

HUNGARIAN, hung-g[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Hungary_ or its inhabitants.--_n._ a native of Hungary: the Magyar or Hungarian language.

HUNGER, hung'g[.e]r, _n._ desire for food: strong desire for anything.--_v.i._ to crave food: to long for.--_adjs._ HUNG'ER-BIT'TEN, bitten, pained, or weakened by hunger; HUNG'ERFUL, hungry; HUNG'ERLY (_Shak._), hungry.--_adv._ (_Shak._) hungrily.--_adv._ HUNG'RILY.--_adj._ HUNG'RY, having eager desire: greedy: lean: poor. [A.S. _hungor_ (n.), _hyngran_ (v.); cf. Ger. _hunger_, Dut. _honger_, &c.]

HUNK, the same as HUNCH.

HUNK, hungk, _n._ (_U.S._) goal or base in boys' games.--_n._ HUNK'ER, a conservative.--_adj._ HUNK'Y, in good position. [Dut. _honk_.]

HUNKER, hungk'er, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to squat down.--_n.pl._ HUNK'ERS, the hams. [See HUNCH.]

HUNKS, hungks, _n.sing._ a covetous man: a miser.

HUNT, hunt, _v.t._ to chase wild animals for prey or sport: to chase such over a country: to search for: to pursue.--_v.i._ to go out in pursuit of game: to search.--_n._ a chase of wild animals: search: a pack of hunting hounds: an association of huntsmen.--_ns._ HUNT'-COUNT'ER, a dog that runs back or counter on the scent, a worthless dog--hence (_Shak._), a blunderer, and _v.t._ to retrace one's steps; HUNT'ER (_fem._ HUNT'RESS), one who hunts: a horse used in the chase: a watch whose face is protected, like the reverse, with a metal case; HALF'-HUNT'ER, such a watch where that metal case has a small circle of glass let in, so that one can see the time without opening it; HUNT'ING, the pursuit of wild game, the chase; HUNT'ING-BOX, HUNT'ING-LODGE, HUNT'ING-SEAT, a temporary residence for hunting; HUNT'ING-CAP, a form of cap much worn in the hunting-field; HUNT'ING-COG, an extra cog in one of two geared wheels, by means of which the order of contact of cogs is changed at every revolution; HUNT'ING-CROP, -WHIP, a short whip with a crooked handle and a loop of leather at the end, used in the hunting-field; HUNT'ING-GROUND, a place or region for hunting; HUNTING-HORN, a horn used in hunting, a bugle; HUNT'ING-KNIFE, -SWORD, a knife or short sword used to despatch the game when caught, or to skin and cut it up; HUNT'ING-SONG, a song about hunting; HUNT'ING-TIDE, the season of hunting; HUNTS'MAN, one who hunts: a servant who manages the hounds during the chase; HUNTS'MANSHIP, the qualifications of a huntsman; HUNT'S-UP (_Shak._), a tune or song intended to arouse huntsmen in the morning--hence, anything calculated to arouse.--HUNT DOWN, to destroy by persecution or violence; HUNT OUT, up, after, to search for, seek; HUNT-THE-GOWK, to make an April fool (see APRIL); HUNT-THE-SLIPPER, an old-fashioned game in which one in the middle of a ring tries to catch a shoe which those forming the ring upon the ground shove about under their hams from one to another.--HAPPY HUNTING-GROUNDS, the paradise of the Red Indian; MRS LEO HUNTER, of 'The Den, Eatanswill,' a social lion-hunter in the _Pickwick Papers_ whose husband hunts up all the newest celebrities to grace her breakfast parties. [A.S. _huntian_; A.S. _hentan_, to seize.]

HUNTERIAN, hun-t[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to the great surgeon John _Hunter_ (1728-93), to his collection of anatomical specimens and preparations, the nucleus of the great Hunterian Museum in London, or to the Hunterian Oration delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons on the anniversary of his birth, 14th February: of or pertaining to his elder brother, William _Hunter_ (1718-83), or his museum at Glasgow.

HUNTINGDONIAN, hun-ting-d[=o]'ni-an, _n._ a member of the Countess of Huntingdon's Connection, a denomination of Calvinistic Methodists founded by Whitefield in conjunction with Selina, Countess of _Huntingdon_ (1707-91).

HUON-PINE, h[=u]'on-p[=i]n', _n._ a Tasmanian yew, with light-yellow wood, used in boat-building.

HURDIES, hur'diz, _n.pl._ (_Scot._) the buttocks.

HURDLE, hur'dl, _n._ a frame of twigs or sticks interlaced: (_agri._) a movable frame of timber or iron for gates, &c.: a rude sledge on which criminals were drawn to the gallows.--_v.t._ to enclose with hurdles.--_n._ HUR'DLE-RACE, a race where the runners, whether men or horses, have to clear a succession of hurdles. [A.S. _hyrdel_; Ger. _hürde_.]

HURDS. Same as HARDS.

HURDY-GURDY, hur'di-gur'di, _n._ a musical stringed instrument, like a rude violin, whose strings are sounded by the turning of a wheel: a hand-organ: an impact-wheel. [Imit.]

HURL, hurl, _v.i._ to make a noise by throwing: to move rapidly: to dash with force: to whirl: (_Scot._) to convey in a wheeled vehicle.--_v.t._ to throw with violence: to utter with vehemence.--_n._ act of hurling, tumult, confusion: (_Scot._) conveyance in a wheeled vehicle.--_ns._ HURL'ER; HURL'EY, the game of hockey, or the stick used in playing it; HURL'ING, a game in which a ball is forced through the opponent's goal, hockey; HURL'Y (_Scot._), a wheelbarrow; HURL'Y-HACK'ET, an ill-hung carriage. [_Hurtle_.]

HURLY-BURLY, hur'li-bur'li, _n._ tumult: confusion.--_n._ HUR'LY (_Shak._). [_Hurly_ is from O. Fr. _hurler_, to yell, orig. _huller_, whence Eng. _howl_. _Burly_ is simply a rhyming addition.]

HURRAH, HURRA, hoor-rä', _interj._ an exclamation of excitement or joy.--Also _n._ and _v.i._ [Ger. _hurra_; Dan. and Sw. _hurra_.]

HURRICANE, hur'ri-k[=a]n, _n._ a storm with extreme violence and sudden changes of the wind: a social party, a rout--(_Shak._) HUR'RICANO.--HURRICANE DECK, a cross-deck about amidships, a bridge-deck or bridge: the upper light deck of a passenger-steamer. [Sp. _huracan_, from Caribbean.]

HURRY, hur'i, _v.t._ to urge forward: to hasten.--_v.i_ to move or act with haste:--_pa.p._ hurr'ied.--_n._ a driving forward: haste: tumult: a tremolando passage for violins, &c., in connection with an exciting situation.--_adj._ HURR'IED.--_adv._ HURR'IEDLY.--_n._ HURR'IEDNESS.--_adv._ HURR'YINGLY.--_n._ HURR'Y-SKURR'Y, confusion and bustle.--_adv._ confusedly. [Imit. Cf. Old Sw. _hurra_, to whirl round.]

HURST, hurst, _n._ a wood, a grove. [A.S. _hyrst_.]

HURT, hurt, _v.t._ to cause bodily pain to: to damage: to wound, as the feelings.--_v.i._ to give pain, &c.:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ hurt.--_n._ a wound: injury.--_n._ HURT'ER, that which hurts: a beam at the lower end of a gun-platform to save the parapet: a piece of iron or wood fixed to the top-rails of a gun-carriage to check its motion: the shoulder of an axle against which the hub strikes.--_adj._ HURT'FUL, causing hurt or loss: mischievous.--_adv._ HURT'FULLY.--_n._ HURT'FULNESS.--_adj._ HURT'LESS, without hurt or injury, harmless.--_adv._ HURT'LESSLY.--_n._ HURT'LESSNESS. [O. Fr. _hurter_ (Fr. _heurter_), to knock, to run against; prob. from the Celtic, as in W. _hwrdd_, a thrust, the butt of a ram, Corn. _hordh_, a ram.]

HURTLE, hurt'l, _v.t._ to dash against: to move violently: to clash: to rattle.--_v.i._ to move rapidly with a whirring sound. [Freq. of _hurt_ in its original sense.]

HURTLEBERRY, a form of _whortleberry_.

HUSBAND, huz'band, _n._ a married man: (_B._) a man to whom a woman is betrothed: one who manages affairs with prudence: (_naut._) the owner of a ship who manages its concerns in person.--_v.t._ to supply with a husband: to manage with economy.--_n._ HUS'BANDAGE, allowance or commission of a ship's husband.--_adjs._ HUS'BANDLESS (_Shak._), without a husband; HUS'BANDLY, frugal, thrifty.--_ns._ HUS'BANDMAN, a working farmer: one who labours in tillage; HUS'BANDRY, the business of a farmer: tillage: economical management: thrift. [M. E. _husbonde_--A.S. _húsbonda_, Ice. _húsbóndi_--_hús_, a house, _búandi_, inhabiting, pr.p. of Ice. _búa_, to dwell. Cf. Ger. _bauen_, to till.]

HUSH, hush, _interj._ or _imper._ silence! be still!--_adj._ silent: quiet.--_v.t._ to make quiet: (_min._) to clear off soil, &c., overlying the bed-rock.--_ns._ HUSH'ABY, a lullaby used to soothe babies to sleep; HUSH'-MON'EY, money given as a bribe to hush or make one keep silent.--HUSH UP, to stifle, suppress: to be silent. [Imit. Cf. _hist_ and _whist_.]

HUSK, husk, _n._ the dry, thin covering of certain fruits and seeds: (_pl._) refuse, waste.--_v.t._ to remove the husk or outer integument from.--_adj._ HUSKED, covered with a husk: stripped of husks.--_ns._ HUSK'ER, one who husks Indian corn, esp. at a husking-bee; HUSK'ING, the stripping of husks: a festive gathering to assist in husking Indian corn (maize)--also HUSK'ING-BEE. [M. E. _huske_, orig. with _l_, as in cog. Ger. _hülse_, Dut. _hulse_, &c.]

HUSKY, husk'i, _adj._ hoarse, as the voice: rough in sound.--_adv._ HUSK'ILY.--_n._ HUSK'INESS. [A corr. of _husty_, from M. E. _host_ (Scot. _hoast_, _host_, a cough)--A.S. _hwósta_, a cough; cf. Ger. _husten_.]

HUSO, h[=u]'so, _n._ the great sturgeon.

HUSSAR, hooz-zär', _n._ a light-armed cavalry soldier: (_orig._) a soldier of the national cavalry of Hungary. [Not Hung. _huszar_--_husz_, twenty, because at one time in Hungary one cavalry soldier used to be levied from every twenty families; but Slav. _hussar_, gooseherd, the sobriquet of the raiding horse of Matthias Corvinus (1443-90).]

HUSSIF. See HOUSEWIFE. [Contr. of _housewife_.]

HUSSITE, hus's[=i]t, _n._ a follower of the Bohemian reformer, John _Hus_, martyred in 1415.

HUSSY, huz'i, _n._ a pert girl: a worthless wench.

HUSTINGS, hus'tingz, _n.sing._ the principal court of the city of London: formerly the booths where the votes were taken at an election of an M.P., or the platform from which the candidates gave their addresses. [A.S. _hústing_, a council, but a Scand. word, and used in speaking of the Danes--Ice. _hústhing_--_hús_, a house, _thing_, an assembly.]

HUSTLE, hus'l, _v.t._ to shake or push together: to crowd with violence.--_n._ HUS'TLER, an energetic fellow. [Old Dut. _hutsen_, _hutselen_, to shake to and fro; cf. _hotchpotch_.]

HUSWIFE. See HOUSEWIFE.

HUT, hut, _n._ a small or mean house: (_mil._) a small temporary dwelling.--_v.t._ (_mil._) to place in huts, as quarters:--_pr.p._ hut'ting; _pa.p._ hut'ted. [Fr. _hutte_--Old High Ger. _hutta_ (Ger. _hütte_).]

HUTCH, huch, _n._ a box, a chest: a coop for rabbits: a baker's kneading-trough: a trough used with some ore-dressing machines: a low wagon in which coal is drawn up out of the pit.--_v.i._ (_Milt._) to hoard up. [Fr. _huche_, a chest--Low L. _hutica_, a box; prob. Teut.]

HUTCHINSONIAN, huch-in-s[=o]n'i-an, _n._ a follower of John _Hutchinson_ (1674-1737), who held that the Hebrew Scriptures contain typically the elements of all rational philosophy, natural history, and true religion.

HUTTONIAN, hut-[=o]'ni-an, _adj._ relating to the views of James _Hutton_ (1726-97), who emphasised natural agencies in the formation of the earth's crust.

HUZZA, hooz-zä', _interj._ and _n._ hurrah! a shout of joy or approbation.--_v.t._ to attend with shouts of joy.--_v.i._ to utter shouts of joy or acclamation:--_pr.p._ huzza'ing; _pa.p._ huzzaed (-zäd'). [Ger. _hussa_; the same as _hurrah_.]

HYACINE, h[=i]'a-sin, _n._ (_Spens._) the hyacinth.

HYACINTH, h[=i]'a-sinth, _n._ a bulbous-rooted flower of a great variety of colours: (_myth._) a flower which sprang from the blood of Hyacinthus, a youth killed by Apollo with a quoit: a precious stone, the jacinth.--_adj._ HYACIN'THINE, consisting of or resembling hyacinth: very beautiful, like Hyacinthus: curling like the hyacinth. [Doublet of _jacinth_.]

HYADES, h[=i]'a-d[=e]z, HYADS, h[=i]'adz, _n._ a cluster of five stars in the constellation of the Bull, supposed by the ancients to bring rain when they rose with the sun. [Gr. _hyades_, explained by the ancients as from _hyein_, to rain; more prob.=little pigs, _hys_, a pig.]

HYÆNA, HYENA, h[=i]-[=e]'na, _n._ a bristly-maned quadruped of the dog kind, so named from its likeness to the sow.--LAUGHING HYÆNA, the tiger-wolf or spotted hyæna of South Africa, emitting at times a sound somewhat like hysterical laughter. [L.,--Gr. _hyaina_--_hys_, a sow.]

HYALINE, h[=i]'a-lin, _adj._ glassy: consisting of or like glass.--_n._ a glassy transparent surface.--_n._ HYALES'CENCE, the process of becoming glassy.--_adj._ HYALES'CENT.--_ns._ HY'ALITE, a variety of opal like colourless gum; HYAL[=I]T'IS, inflammation of the vitreous humour; HYALOG'RAPHY, the art of engraving on glass.--_adj._ HY'ALOID, hyaline, transparent. [Gr. _hyalinos_--_hyalos_, glass, prob. Egyptian.]

HYBERNATE, &c. See HIBERNATE, &c.

HYBLÆAN, hi-bl[=e]'an, _adj._ pertaining to ancient _Hybla_ in Sicily, noted for its honey.

HYBRID, h[=i]'brid, or hib'-, _n._ an animal or plant produced from two different species: a mongrel: a mule: a word formed of elements from different languages.--_adjs._ HY'BRID, HYB'RIDOUS, produced from different species: mongrel.--_adj._ HY'BRIDISABLE.--_n._ HYBRIDIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ HY'BRIDISE, to cause to interbreed, and to interbreed.---_ns._ HYBRIDIS'ER; HY'BRIDISM, HYBRID'ITY, state of being hybrid. [Fr.,--L. _hibrida_, a mongrel.]

HYDATID, h[=i]'d[=a]-tid, _n._ a watery cyst or vesicle sometimes found in animal bodies.--_n._ HY'DATISM, the sound caused by the fluctuation of pus in an abscess.--_adj._ HYD'ATOID, watery, aqueous. [Gr. _hydatis_, a watery vesicle--_hyd[=o]r_, _hydatos_, water.]

HYDRA, h[=i]'dra, _n._ (_myth._) a water-serpent with many heads, which when cut off were succeeded by others: any manifold evil: a genus of fresh-water polyps remarkable for their power of multiplication by being cut or divided.--_adjs._ HY'DRA-HEAD'ED, difficulty to root out, springing up vigorously again and again; HY'DROID, like the hydra. [L.,--Gr. _hydra_--_hyd[=o]r_, water, akin to Sans. _udras_, an otter.]

HYDRAGOGUE, h[=i]'dra-g[=o]g, _n._ a very active purgative, such as jalap. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _ag[=o]gos_, leading, _agein_, to lead.]

HYDRANGEA, h[=i]-dran'je-a, _n._ a genus of shrubby plants with large heads of showy flowers, natives of China and Japan. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _anggeion_, vessel.]

HYDRANT, h[=i]'drant, _n._ a machine for discharging water: a water-plug. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water.]

HYDRATE, h[=i]'dr[=a]t, _n._ a compound formed by the union of water with an oxide.--_n._ HYDR[=A]'TION. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water.]

HYDRAULIC, -AL, h[=i]-drawl'ik, -al, _adj._ relating to hydraulics: conveying water: worked by water.--_adv._ HYDRAUL'ICALLY.--_n.pl._ HYDRAUL'ICS, used as _sing._, the science of hydrodynamics in its practical application to water-pipes, &c.--HYDRAULIC BELT, an arrangement for lifting water, consisting of an endless belt fitted with buckets which discharge as they turn over an upper wheel; HYDRAULIC CEMENT, lime, a cement that sets or hardens under water; HYDRAULIC JACK, a jack or lifting apparatus, by means of oil, &c., pressed by a force-pump against a piston or plunger; HYDRAULIC MINING, a method of mining by which the auriferous detritus is washed down by a powerful jet of water into a sluice where the gold is easily separated; HYDRAULIC PRESS, a press operated by the differential pressure of water on pistons of different dimensions; HYDRAULIC RAM, an automatic pump worked by the pressure of a column of water in a pipe, and the force acquired by intermittent motion of the column. [From Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _aulos_, a pipe.]

HYDRIA, h[=i]'dri-a, _n._ a large Greek water-vase.--_n._ HY'DRIAD, a water-nymph.

HYDRID, h[=i]'drid, _n._ (_chem._) a substance consisting of hydrogen combined with an element or some compound radical.--_n._ HY'DRIODATE, a salt of hydriodic acid.--_adj._ HYDRIOD'IC, produced by the combination of hydrogen and iodine.

HYDROBAROMETER, h[=i]-dro-ba-rom'e-ter, _n._ an instrument for determining the depth of the sea by the pressure of the superincumbent water.

HYDROBROMIC, h[=i]-dro-br[=o]'mik, _adj._ compounded of bromine and hydrogen.--_n._ HYDROBR[=O]'MATE, a salt of hydrobromic acid--same as _bromide_; also _Bromhydrate_.

HYDROCARBON, h[=i]-dro-kär'bon, _n._ a compound of hydrogen and carbon.--HYDROCARBON FURNACE, a furnace in which liquid fuel, as petroleum, is used.

HYDROCELE, h[=i]'dro-s[=e]l, _n._ (_med._) a swelling consisting of a collection of serous fluid in the scrotum or in some of the coverings of the testicle or spermatic cord. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _k[=e]l[=e]_, a swelling.]

HYDROCEPHALUS, h[=i]-dro-sef'a-lus, _n._ an accumulation of serous fluid within the cranial cavity, either in the sub-dural space or the ventricles: water in the head: dropsy of the brain.--_adjs._ HYDROCEPHAL'IC, HYDROCEPH'ALOID, HYDROCEPH'ALOUS. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _kephal[=e]_, the head.]

HYDROCHLORIC, h[=i]-dro-kl[=o]'rik, _adj._ compounded of hydrogen and chlorine.--_n._ HYDROCHL[=O]'RATE, a salt of hydrochloric acid.

HYDROCYANIC, h[=i]-dro-s[=i]-an'ik, _adj._ noting an acid formed by the combination of hydrogen and cyanogen--also _Prussic acid_.--_ns._ HYDROCY'ANIDE, HYDROCY'ANITE.

HYDRODYNAMICS, h[=i]-dro-di-nam'iks, _n.pl._ used as _sing._, the science that treats of the motions and equilibrium of a material system partly or wholly fluid, called _Hydrostatics_ when the system is in equilibrium, _Hydrokinetics_ when it is not.--_adjs._ HYDRODYNAM'IC, -AL.--_n._ HYDRODYNAMOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the velocity of fluid in motion by its pressure.--_adj._ HYDROELEC'TRIC, pertaining to electricity generated by the escape of steam under high pressure.--_n._ HY'DRO-EXTRACT'OR, an apparatus for removing moisture from yarns, cloths, &c., in process of manufacture. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, and _dynamics_.]

HYDROFLUORIC, h[=i]-dro-fl[=oo]-or'ik, _adj._ consisting of fluorine and hydrogen.

HYDROGEN, h[=i]'dro-jen, _n._ a gas which in combination with oxygen produces water, an elementary gaseous substance, the lightest of all known substances, and very inflammable.--_adjs._ HY'DRIC, containing hydrogen; HYDROG'ENOUS, containing hydrogen: produced by the action of water, as applied to rocks in opposition to those that are _pyrogenous_, formed by the action of fire. [A word coined by Cavendish (1766) from Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, and _gen[=e]s_, producing.]

HYDROGRAPHY, h[=i]-drog'ra-fi, _n._ the art of measuring and describing the size and position of waters or seas: the art of making sea-charts.--_n._ HYDROG'RAPHER, a maker of sea-charts.--_adjs._ HYDROGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ HYDROGRAPH'ICALLY. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _graphein_, to write.]

HYDROKINETICS, h[=i]-dro-ki-net'iks, _n.pl._ used as _sing._, a branch of _Hydrodynamics_ (q.v.).

HYDROLOGY, h[=i]-drol'o-ji, _n._ the science which treats of water.--_adjs._ HYDROLOG'IC, -AL.--_n._ HYDROL'OGIST. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _logia_, a discourse.]

HYDROLYSIS, h[=i]-drol'i-sis, _n._ a kind of chemical decomposition by which a compound is resolved into other compounds by taking up the elements of water.--_adj._ HYDROLYT'IC. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _lysis_--_lyein_, to loose.]

HYDROMANCY, h[=i]'dro-man-si, _n._ divination by water.--_adj._ HYDROMANT'IC. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _manteia_, divination.]

HYDROMANIA, h[=i]-dro-m[=a]'ni-a, _n._ an insatiable craving for water, as in diabetes: a morbid propensity to suicide by drowning.

HYDROMECHANICS, h[=i]-dro-me-kan'iks, _n._ the mechanics of fluids.

HYDROMEL, h[=i]'dro-mel, _n._ a beverage made of honey and water. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _meli_, honey.]

HYDROMETAMORPHISM, h[=i]-dro-met-a-mor'fizm, _n._ a kind of metamorphism of igneous rocks brought about by water, in opposition to _Pyrometamorphism_, that brought about by means of heat.

HYDROMETEOROLOGY, h[=i]-dro-m[=e]-te-or-ol'o-ji, _n._ the branch of meteorology which treats of water in the atmosphere, as rain, clouds, snow, &c.--_n._ HYDROM[=E]'TEOR, any one of the aqueous phenomena of the atmosphere. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _mete[=o]ron_, a meteor.]

HYDROMETER, h[=i]-drom'et-[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the density or specific gravity of solids and liquids by flotation, consisting of a weighted glass bulb or hollow metal cylinder with a long stem: a current-gauge.--_adjs._ HYDROMET'RIC, -AL.--_n._ HYDROM'ETRY. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _metron_, a measure.]

HYDROMOTOR, h[=i]-dro-m[=o]'tor, _n._ a form of motor for propelling vessels by means of jets of water ejected from the sides or stern.

HYDROMYS, h[=i]'dro-mis, _n._ an Australasian genus of rodents, known as water-rats and beaver-rats. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _mys_, mouse.]

HYDRONETTE, h[=i]'dro-net, _n._ a syringe: a garden force-pump.

HYDROPATHY, h[=i]-drop'a-thi, _n._ the treatment of disease by cold water.--_adjs._ HYDROPATH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ HYDROPATH'ICALLY.--_n._ HYDROP'ATHIST, one who practises hydropathy.--HYDROPATHIC ESTABLISHMENT or (_coll._) simply HYDROPATH'IC, a temperance hotel where the guests can have hydropathic treatment if desired. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _pathos_, suffering, _pathein_, to suffer.]

HYDROPHANE, h[=i]'dro-f[=a]n, _n._ a partly translucent variety of opal which becomes transparent when wetted.--_adj._ HYDROPH'ANOUS. [Gr. HYD[=O]R, water, _phainein_, to shine.]

HYDROPHIDÆ, h[=i]-drof'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ a family of venomous sea-snakes. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _ophis_, snake.]

HYDROPHOBIA, h[=i]-dro-f[=o]'bi-a, _n._ an unnatural dread of water, a symptom of a disease known as Rabies, usually resulting from the bite of a mad dog--hence the disease itself.--_adj._ HYDROPHOB'IC. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _phobos_, fear.]

HYDROPHONE, h[=i]'dro-f[=o]n, _n._ a marine electric apparatus for detecting the approach of a torpedo-boat, &c.

HYDROPHORE, h[=i]'dro-f[=o]r, _n._ an apparatus for obtaining specimens of water from any required depth.

HYDROPHTHALMIA, h[=i]-drof-thal'mi-a, _n._ an increase in quantity of the aqueous or the vitreous humour.

HYDROPHYTE, h[=i]'dro-f[=i]t, _n._ a plant living in water.--_n._ HYDROPHYTOG'RAPHY, the branch of botany which describes such--also HYDROPHYTOL'OGY. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _phyton_, a plant, _logia_, discourse.]

HYDROPSY, h[=i]'drop-si, _n._ dropsy.--_adjs._ HYDROP'IC, HYDROP'TIC, dropsical: thirsty.

HYDROPULT, h[=i]'dro-pult, _n._ a hand force-pump.

HYDROSAURUS, h[=i]-dro-saw'rus, _n._ a genus of monitor-lizards, of aquatic habit, found in the Malay Peninsula, &c. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _sauros_, a lizard.]

HYDROSCOPE, h[=i]'dro-sk[=o]p, _n._ a kind of water-clock, consisting of a cylindrical graduated tube, from which the water escaped through a hole in the bottom. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _skopein_, to view.]

HYDROSOMA, h[=i]-dro-s[=o]'ma, _n._ the entire organism of any hydrozoon:--_pl._ HYDROS[=O]'MATA.--_adjs._ HYDROS[=O]'MAL, HYDROS[=O]'MATOUS.

HYDROSTATICS, h[=i]-dro-stat'iks, _n.pl._ used as _sing._, a branch of HYDRODYNAMICS (which see).--_n._ HY'DROSTAT, an electrical contrivance for detecting a leakage or overflow of water: an apparatus devised to guard against the explosion of steam boilers.--_adjs._ HYDROSTAT'IC, -AL.--_adv._ HYDROSTAT'ICALLY.--HYDROSTATIC BALANCE, a balance for weighing bodies in water to determine their specific gravity; HYDROSTATIC BELLOWS, a device for illustrating the law that fluid pressure is proportional to area; HYDROSTATIC PARADOX, the principle that (disregarding molecular forces) any quantity of fluid, however small, may balance any weight, however great, as in the hydrostatic bellows; HYDROSTATIC PRESS, the same as Hydraulic Press.

HYDROSULPHURIC, h[=i]-dro-sul-f[=u]'rik, _adj._ formed by a combination of hydrogen and sulphur.

HYDROTELLURIC, h[=i]-dro-tel-l[=u]'rik, _adj._ pertaining to hydrogen and tellurium.

HYDRO-THERAPEUTICS, h[=i]-dro-ther-a-p[=u]'tiks, _n.pl._ remedial treatment of disease by water in various modes and forms--also HYDROTHER'APY.--_adj._ HYDROTHERAPEU'TIC.

HYDROTHERMAL, h[=i]-dro-ther'mal, _adj._ pertaining to, or produced by, action of heated or super-heated water, esp. in dissolving, transporting, and redepositing mineral matter.

HYDROTHORAX, h[=i]-dro-th[=o]'raks, _n._ a term applied to dropsical collections in the pleura. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _th[=o]rax_, chest.]

HYDROTROPISM, h[=i]-dro-trop'izm, _n._ the habit induced in a growing organ by the influence of moisture, of turning toward, or away from, the moisture.--_adj._ HYDROTROP'IC. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _tropos_, a turn.]

HYDROUS, h[=i]'drus, _adj._ watery, containing hydrogen.

HYDROXIDE, h[=i]-droks'[=i]d, _n._ a metallic or basic radical combined with one or more hydroxyl groups.--_n._ HYDROX'YL, a compound radical not yet isolated, but found in many chemical compounds.

HYDROZOA, h[=i]-dro-z[=o]'a, _n.pl._ (_sing._ HYDROZ[=O]'ON) one of the main divisions of the sub-kingdom _Coelenterata_, the other two being _Ctenophora_ and _Anthozoa_ or _Actinozoa_; they are chiefly marine organisms, soft and gelatinous, free or fixed, existing everywhere, endlessly varied in form and complexity of structure, including such great groups as _hydroids_, _acalephs_, _medusans_, jelly-fish, sea-blubbers, &c.--_adjs._ HYDROZ[=O]'AN, HYDROZ[=O]'IC. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _z[=o]on_, an animal.]

HYDRURET. Same as HYDRID.

HYENA, h[=i]-[=e]'na, HYEN, h[=i]'en, _n._ (_Shak._) a hyæna.

HYETAL, h[=i]'e-tal, _adj._ rainy.--_n._ HY'ETOGRAPH, a chart showing the average rainfall of the earth or any of its divisions.--_adjs._ HYETOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_ns._ HYETOG'RAPHY; HYETOL'OGY; HYETOM'ETER; HYETOMET'ROGRAPH. [Gr. _hyetos_, rain.]

HYGEIAN, h[=i]-j[=e]'an, _adj._ relating to health and its preservation.--_ns._ HYGEIA (h[=i]-j[=e]'a), goddess of health, daughter of Æsculapius; HY'GI[=E]NE, HYGIEN'ICS, HY'GIENISM, the science which treats of the preservation of health.--_adj._ HYGIEN'IC.--_adv._ HYGIEN'ICALLY.--_n._ HY'GIENIST, one skilled in hygiene; HYGIOL'OGY, art of the preservation of health. [Gr. _hygieia_--_hygi[=e]s_, healthy.]

HYGRODEIK, h[=i]'gro-d[=i]k, _n._ a form of hygrometer in which the atmospheric humidity is indicated by an index controlled by the heights of a wet-bulb and a dry-bulb thermometer, supported on each side of a frame on which is described a scale. [Gr. _hygros_, wet, _deik-nynai_, to show.]

HYGROMETER, h[=i]-grom'et-[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the moisture in the atmosphere, or its relative humidity.--_n._ HYGROM'ETRY, the art of measuring the moisture in the atmosphere, and of bodies generally.--_adjs._ HYGROMET'RIC, -AL. [Gr. _hygros_, wet, _metron_, a measure.]

HYGROSCOPE, h[=i]'gro-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument for indicating the humidity of the atmosphere.--_adjs._ HYGROSCOP'IC, -AL.--_ns._ HYGROSCOPIC'ITY; HYGROSTAT'ICS, the art of measuring degrees of moisture. [Gr. _hygros_, wet, _skopein_, to view.]

HYKSOS, hik'sos, _n._ the shepherd kings, apparently a Tartar race who overthrew the reigning dynasty of Lower Egypt about 2000 B.C., and reigned until overturned by the Egyptian rulers of Upper Egypt about 1700 B.C.

HYLEG, h[=i]'leg, _n._ the planet which rules at the hour of one's birth, in that sign of the zodiac immediately above the eastern horizon. [Ar.]

HYLISM, h[=i]'lizm, _n._ materialism--also HY'LICISM.--_ns._ HY'LICIST; HYLOGEN'ESIS, the origin of matter; HY'LOTHEISM, the doctrine that there is no God but matter and the universe.--_adjs._ HYLOZ[=O]'ICAL, HYLOZOIS'TIC.--_ns._ HYLOZ[=O]'ISM, the doctrine that all matter is endowed with life; HYLOZ[=O]'IST.

HYLOPATHISM, h[=i]-lop'a-thizm, _n._ the doctrine that matter is sentient.--_n._ HYLOP'ATHIST, one who maintains this. [Gr. _hyl[=e]_, matter, _pathos_, suffering.]

HYMEN, h[=i]'men, _n._ (_myth._) the god of marriage: marriage: a thin membrane partially closing the virginal vagina.--_adjs._ HYMEN[=E]'AL, HYMEN[=E]'AN.--_n._ HYM[=E]'NIUM, the fructifying surface in fungi. [L.,--Gr. _hym[=e]n_; cf. Gr. _hymnos_, a festive song.]

HYMENOPTERAL, h[=i]-men-op't[.e]r-al, _adj._ pertaining to the HYMENOP'TERA, an order of insects having four membranous wings.--Also HYMENOP'TEROUS. [Gr. _hym[=e]n_, a membrane, _pteron_, a wing.]

HYMENOTOMY, h[=i]-men-ot'o-mi, _n._ the cutting or dissection of membranes.

HYMN, him, _n._ a song of praise, a metrical formula of public worship.--_v.t._ to celebrate in song: to worship by hymns.--_v.i._ to sing in adoration.--_ns._ HYM'NAL, HYM'NARY, a hymn-book.--_adj._ HYM'NIC, relating to hymns.--_ns._ HYM'NODY, hymns collectively: hymnology; HYMNOG'RAPHER; HYMNOG'RAPHY, the art of writing hymns; HYMNOL'OGIST; HYMNOL'OGY, the study or composition of hymns. [Gr. _hymnos_.]

HYOID, h[=i]'oid, _adj._ having the form of the Greek letter upsilon ([Greek: u]), applied to a bone at the base of the tongue. [Gr. _hyoeid[=e]s_--the letter [Greek: u], and _eidos_, form.]

HYOSCYAMINE, h[=i]-[=o]-sk[=i]'a-m[=i]n, _n._ a very poisonous alkaloid found in the seeds of _Hyoscyamus niger_, or henbane. [Gr. _hyoskyamos_, henbane.]

HYP. See HIP (3).

HYPÆTHRAL, hip-[=e]'thral, _adj._ roofless, open to the sky.--_n._ HYPÆ'THRON, an open court. [Gr. _hypo_, beneath, _aith[=e]r_, air.]

HYPALGESIA, hip-al-j[=e]'si-a, _n._ diminished susceptibility to painful impressions--also HYPERAL'GIA.--_adj._ HYPERALG[=E]'SIC. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _algos_, pain.]

HYPALLAGE, hi-pal'a-j[=e], _n._ (_rhet._) a figure in which the relations of things in a sentence are mutually interchanged, but without obscuring the sense. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _hypallassein_, to interchange--_hypo_, under, _alassein_, to change.]

HYPERACUTE, h[=i]-per-a-k[=u]t', _adj._ excessively acute.--_n._ HYPERACUTE'NESS.

HYPERÆSTHESIA, h[=i]-per-es-th[=e]'si-a, _n._ (_path._) excessive sensibility.--_adj._ HYPERÆSTHET'IC.

HYPERBATON, h[=i]-per'ba-ton, _n._ (_rhet._) a figure by which words are transposed from their natural order.--_adj._ HYPERBAT'IC.--_adv._ HYPERBAT'ICALLY. [Gr.,--_hyperbainein_--_hyper_, beyond, _bainein_, to go.]

HYPERBOLA, h[=i]-per'bo-la, _n._ (_geom._) one of the conic sections or curves formed when the intersecting plane makes a greater angle with the base than the side of the cone makes.--_adjs._ HYPERBOL'IC, -AL.--_adv._ HYPERBOL'ICALLY.--_adjs._ HYPERBOL'IFORM; HYPER'BOLOID. [L.,--Gr. _hyperbol[=e]_, from _hyperballein_--_hyper_, beyond, _ballein_, to throw.]

HYPERBOLE, h[=i]-per'bo-le, _n._ a rhetorical figure which produces a vivid impression by representing things as much greater or less than they really are--not expecting to be taken literally: an obvious exaggeration.--_adjs._ HYPERBOL'IC, -AL.--_adv._ HYPERBOL'ICALLY.--_v.t._ HYPER'BOLISE, to represent hyperbolically.--_v.i._ to speak hyperbolically or with exaggeration.--_n._ HYPER'BOLISM. [A doublet of the above.]

HYPERBOREAN, h[=i]-per-b[=o]'r[=e]-an, _adj._ belonging to the extreme north.--_n._ an inhabitant of the extreme north. [Gr. _hyperboreos_--_hyper_, beyond, _Boreas_, the north wind.]

HYPERCATALECTIC, h[=i]-per-kat-a-lek'tik, _adj._ (_pros._) having an additional syllable or half-foot after the last complete dipody.--_n._ HYPERCATALEX'IS.

HYPERCRITIC, h[=i]-per-krit'ik, _n._ one who is over-critical.--_adjs._ HYPERCRIT'IC, -AL, over-critical.--_adv._ HYPERCRIT'ICALLY.--_v.t._ HYPERCRIT'ICISE, to criticise with too much nicety.--_n._ HYPERCRIT'ICISM.

HYPERDULIA, h[=i]-per-d[=u]-l[=i]'a, _n._ the special kind of worship paid by Roman Catholics to the Virgin Mary, being higher than that paid to other saints (_dulia_), and distinct from that paid to God alone (_latria_). [Gr. _hyper_, beyond, _douleia_, service.]

HYPEREMESIS, h[=i]-per-em'e-sis, _n._ excessive vomiting.--_adj._ HYPEREMET'IC. [Gr. _hyper_, over, _emesis_, vomiting.]

HYPEREMIA, HYPERÆMIA, h[=i]-per-[=e]'mi-a, _n._ an excessive accumulation of blood in any part of the body.--_adjs._ HYPEREM'IC, HYPERÆ'MIC. [Gr. _hyper_, over, _haima_, blood.]

HYPERESTHETIC, h[=i]-per-es-thet'ik, _adj._ morbidly sensitive.--Also HYPERESTH[=E]'SIC.

HYPERICUM, h[=i]-per'i-kum, _n._ a large genus of plants, of which St John's wort is a typical species. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _ereik[=e]_, heath.]

HYPERINOSIS, h[=i]-per-i-n[=o]'sis, _n._ excess of fibrin in the blood:--_opp._ to HYPINOSIS.--_adj._ HYPERINOT'IC.

HYPERION, h[=i]-p[=e]r'i-on, _n._ a Titan, son of Uranus and Ge, and father of Helios, Selene, and Eos: Helios himself, the incarnation of light and beauty.

HYPERMETRICAL, h[=i]-per-met'rik-al, _adj._ beyond or exceeding the ordinary metre of a line: having a syllable too much.--_n._ HYPER'METER.

HYPERMETROPIA, h[=i]-per-me-tr[=o]'pi-a, _n._ long-sightedness, the opposite of _Myopia_---also HYPEROP'IA.--_adj._ HYPERMETROP'IC. [Gr. _hyper_, beyond, _metron_, measure, _[=o]ps_, eye.]

HYPERORTHODOX, h[=i]-per-or'th[=o]-doks, _adj._ extremely orthodox--_n._ HYPEROR'THODOXY.

HYPERPHASIA, h[=i]-per-f[=a]'zi-a, _n._ (_path._) lack of control of the organs of speech.--_adj._ HYPERPH[=A]'SIC.

HYPERPHYSICAL, h[=i]-per-fiz'ik-al, _adj._ beyond physical laws: supernatural.

HYPERPLASIA, h[=i]-per-pl[=a]'si-a, _n._ (_path._) overgrowth of a part due to excessive multiplication of its cells.--_adjs._ HYPERPLAS'IC, HYPERPLAS'TIC. [Gr. _hyper_, over, _plasis_, a forming--_plassein_, to form.]

HYPERSARCOSIS, h[=i]-per-sar-k[=o]'sis, _n._ (_path._) proud or fungous flesh.--Also HYPERSARC[=O]'MA.

HYPERSENSITIVE, h[=i]-per-sen'si-tiv, _adj._ excessively sensitive.--_n._ HYPERSEN'SITIVENESS.

HYPERSTHENE, h[=i]-per-sth[=e]n', _n._ a rock-forming mineral which crystallises in orthorhombic forms, an anhydrous magnesian silicate, generally dark green or raven-black in colour.--_adj._ HYPERSTH[=E]'NIC.--_n._ HYPERSTH[=E]'NITE, a more or less coarsely crystalline igneous rock, allied to gabbro--an aggregate of labradorite (feldspar) and hypersthene, of plutonic origin. [Gr. _hyper_; above, _sthenos_, strength.]

HYPERSTHENIA, h[=i]-per-sth[=e]'ni-a, _n._ (_path._) a morbid condition marked by excessive excitement of all the vital phenomena.--_adj._ HYPERSTH[=E]'NIC. [Gr. _hyper_, above, _sthenos_, strength.]

HYPERTHESIS, h[=i]-per'the-sis, _n._ a transfer of a letter from its own to the syllable immediately before or after.--_adj._ HYPERTHET'IC. [Gr. _hyper_, over, _thesis_--_tithenai_, to put.]

HYPERTROPHY, h[=i]-per'tro-fi, _n._ over-nourishment: the state of an organ or part of the body when it grows too large from over-nourishment.--_adjs._ HYPERTROPH'IC, -AL, HYPER'TROPHIED, HYPER'TROPHOUS. [Gr. _hyper_, above, _troph[=e]_, nourishment.]

HYPHEN, h[=i]'fen, _n._ a short stroke (-) joining two syllables or words.--_adj._ HYPHEN'IC. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _hen_, one.]

HYPNOTISM, hip'no-tizm, _n._ a sleep-like condition induced by artificial means: a nervous sleep like the condition under mesmerism.--_n._ HYPNOGEN'ESIS, production of hypnotism--also HYPNOG'ENY.--_adj._ HYPNOGENET'IC.--_adv._ HYPNOGENET'ICALLY.--_adjs._ HYPNOGEN'IC, HYPNOT'IC, having the property of producing sleep; HYPNOG'ENOUS.--_ns._ HYPNOL'OGY, the sum of knowledge about sleep; HYPN[=O]'SIS, the production of sleep: the hypnotic state; HYPNOT'IC, a medicine that induces sleep; HYPNOTISABIL'ITY.--_adj._ HYP'NOTISABLE.--_n._ HYPNOTIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ HYP'NOT[=I]SE, to subject to hypnotism, to produce hypnotic sleep in any one.--_n._ HYP'NOT[=I]SER.--_adjs._ HYPNOTIS'TIC; HYP'NOTOID, like hypnotism. [Coined in 1843 from Gr. _hypnos_, sleep.]

HYPNUM, hip'num, _n._ the largest genus of mosses, order _Bryineæ_, having archegonia and capsules borne on special lateral branches.

HYPOBOLE, hip-pob'o-l[=e], _n._ (_rhet._) the mention in argument of things apparently damaging to one's side, with the successive refutation of each. [Gr.]

HYPOCAUST, hip'o-kawst, _n._ among the ancients, a vaulted chamber from which the heat of stoves was distributed to baths or rooms above: now applied to the fireplace of a stove or hothouse. [Gr. _hypokauston_--_hypo_, under, _kaiein_, to burn.]

HYPOCHONDRIA, hip-o-kon'dri-a, _n._ a nervous malady, often arising from indigestion, and tormenting the patient with imaginary fears--more correctly, HYPOCHONDR[=I]'ASIS--also HYPOCHONR[=I]'ACISM, HYPOCHONDR[=I]'ASIS, HYPOCHON'DRIASM.--_n._ HYPOCHON'DRIAC, one suffering from hypochondria--also HYPOCHON'DRIAST.--_adjs._ HYPOCHON'DRIAC, -AL, relating to or affected with hypochondria: melancholy.--_n._ HYPOCHON'DRIUM (_anat._), that region of the abdomen situated on either side, under the costal cartilages and short ribs. [L.,--Gr., from _hypo_, under, _chrondos_, a cartilage.]

HYPOCIST, h[=i]'po-sist, _n._ an inspissated juice from a parasitic plant of the cytinus family.

HYPOCRISY, hi-pok'ri-si, _n._ a feigning to be what one is not: concealment of true character. [Gr. _hypokrisis_--_hypokrinesthai_, to play on the stage, from _hypo_, under, _krinein_, to decide.]

HYPOCRITE, hip'o-krit, _n._ one who practises hypocrisy.--_adj._ HYPOCRIT'ICAL, practising hypocrisy.--_adv._ HYPOCRIT'ICALLY. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _hypokrit[=e]s_.]

HYPOCYCLOID, h[=i]-po-s[=i]'kloid, _n._ a curve generated by a point on the circumference of a circle which rolls on the inside of another circle.--_adj._ HYPOCYOLOID'AL.

HYPODERMIC, h[=i]-po-der'mik, _adj._ relating to the parts under the skin, subcutaneous, esp. of a method of injecting a drug in solution under the skin by means of a fine hollow needle to which a small syringe is attached--also HYPODER'MAL.--_n._ HYPODER'MA, the layer of colourless cells immediately beneath the epidermis of a leaf. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _derma_, the skin.]

HYPOGASTRIC, hip-o-gas'trik, _adj._ belonging to the lower part of the abdomen.--_ns._ HYPOGAS'TRIUM, the lower part of the belly; HYPOGAS'TROCELE, a hernia through the walls of the lower belly. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _gast[=e]r_, the belly.]

HYPOGENE, h[=i]'po-j[=e]n, _adj._ (_geol._) of or pertaining to rocks which have assumed their present structure under the surface, plutonic:--opp. to _Epigene_.--_adj._ HYPOG'ENOUS (_bot._), produced below the surface, of fungi growing on the under side of leaves:--opp. to _Epigenous_ and _Epiphyllous_. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _gen[=e]s_, produced.]

HYPOGEUM, h[=i]-po-j[=e]'um, _n._ the part of a building below the ground, any underground chamber.--_adjs._ HYPOG[=E]'AL, HYPOGÆ'AN, HYPOG[=E]'AN, subterranean. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _g[=e]_, the ground.]

HYPOGLOSSAL, h[=i]-po-glos'al, _adj._ situated under the tongue. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _gl[=o]ssa_, the tongue.]

HYPOGNATHOUS, h[=i]-pog'n[=a]-thus, _adj._ (_ornith._) having the under mandible longer than the upper, as the black skimmer.--_n._ HYPOG'NATHISM.

HYPOGYNOUS, h[=i]-poj'i-nus, _adj._ (_bot._) growing from beneath the ovary, said of certain parts of plants. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _gyn[=e]_, a woman.]

HYPONASTY, h[=i]'po-nas-ti, _n._ (_bot._) increased growth along the lower surface of an organ or part of a plant, causing the part to bend upward:--opp. to _Epinasty_.

HYPOPHOSPHITE, h[=i]-po-fos'f[=i]t, _n._ (_chem._) a salt obtained by the union of hypophosphorous acid with a salifiable base--also HYPOPHOS'PHATE.--_adjs._ HYPOPHOSPHOR'IC, HYPOPHOS'PHOROUS, containing less oxygen than phosphorous acid contains.

HYPOPHYSIS, h[=i]-pof'i-sis, _n._ the pituitary body of the brain: (_bot._) an inflated part of the pedicel under the capsule, in mosses; in flowering plants, a cell of the embryo producing the primary root and root-cap. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _phyein_, to grow.]

HYPOSTASIS, h[=i]-pos'ta-sis, _n._ a substance: the essence or real personal subsistence or substance of each of the three divisions of the Godhead.--_adjs._ HYPOSTAT'IC, -AL.--_adv._ HYPOSTAT'ICALLY.--_v.t._ HYPOS'TAT[=I]SE. [L.,--Gr. _hypostasis_--_hyphist[=e]mi_--_hypo_, under, _hist[=e]mi_, I make to stand.]

HYPOSTROPHE, h[=i]-pos'tro-fe, _n._ return of a disease, relapse: (_rhet._) use of insertion or parenthesis.

HYPOSTYLE, h[=i]'po-st[=i]l, _adj._ (_archit._) having the roof supported by pillars. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _stylos_, a pillar.]

HYPOSULPHUROUS, h[=i]-po-sul'fer-us, _adj._ next in a series below sulphurous.--Also HYPOSULPH[=U]'RIC.

HYPOTAXIS, h[=i]-po-tak'sis, _n._ (_gram._) dependent construction--opp. to _Parataxis_.--_adj._ HYPOTAC'TIC.

HYPOTENUSE, h[=i]-pot'en-[=u]s, or hip-, HYPOTHENUSE, h[=i]-poth'en-[=u]s, _n._ the side of a right-angled triangle opposite to the right angle. [Fr.,--Gr. _hypoteinousa_ (_gramm[=e]_), lit. (a line) 'which stretches under'--_hypo_, under, _teinein_, to stretch.]

HYPOTHEC, h[=i]-poth'ek, _n._ in Scotch law, a lien or security over goods in respect of a debt due by the owner of the goods.--ADJ. _Hypoth'ecary_, pertaining to hypothecation or mortgage.--_v.t._ HYPOTH'EC[=A]TE, to place or assign anything as security under an arrangement: to mortgage.--_ns._ HYPOTHEC[=A]'TION; HYPOTH'ECATOR. [Fr.,--L. _hypotheca_--Gr. _hypoth[=e]k[=e]_, a pledge.]

HYPOTHESIS, h[=i]-poth'e-sis, _n._ a supposition: a proposition assumed for the sake of argument: a theory to be proved or disproved by reference to facts: a provisional explanation of anything.--_v.i._ HYPOTH'ESIZE, to form hypotheses.--_adjs._ HYPOTHET'IC, -AL, belonging to a hypothesis: conditional.--_adv._ HYPOTHET'ICALLY. [Gr., _hypo_, under, _tithenai_, to place.]

HYPOTYPOSIS, h[=i]-po-ti-p[=o]'sis, _n._ (_rhet._) vivid description of a scene.

HYPOZOIC, h[=i]-po-z[=o]'ik, _adj._ (_geol._) below the limit of life: belonging to the HYPOZ[=O]'A.--_adj._ and _n._ HYPOZ[=O]'AN.

HYPSOMETRY, hip-som'e-tri, _n._ the art of measuring the heights of places on the earth's surface by means of the HYPSOM'ETER.--_adj._ HYPSOMET'RIC. [Gr. _hypsi_, on high, _metron_, a measure.]

HYPURAL, h[=i]-p[=u]'ral, _adj._ situated beneath the tail.

HYRAX, h[=i]'raks, _n._ a genus of mammals of obscure affinities, like rabbits in size and marmots in appearance, living among rocks in Africa and Syria--the _Cape Daman_, _Klippdass_, or _Rock-badger_; the _Shaphan_ (_Hyrax syriacus_) mistranslated 'cony' of Scripture; and the Abyssinian _Ashtok_.

HYSON, h[=i]'son, _n._ a very fine sort of green tea.--_n._ HY'SON-SKIN, the refuse of hyson tea. [Chinese.]

HYSSOP, his'up, _n._ an aromatic plant. [Fr.,--L. _hyssopum_--Gr. _hyss[=o]pos_--Heb. _[=e]z[=o]ph_.]

HYSTERANTHOUS, his-ter-an'thus, _adj._ (_bot._) having the leaves appearing after the flowers.

HYSTERESIS, his-te-r[=e]'sis, _n._ magnetic friction in dynamos, by which every reversal of magnetism in the iron causes dissipation of energy. [Gr. _hyster[=e]sis_, a deficiency--_hysteros_, later.]

HYSTERIC, -AL, his-ter'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to, of the nature of, or affected with hysterics or hysteria: like hysterics, fitfully and violently emotional.--_adv._ HYSTER'ICALLY.--_ns._ HYSTER'ICS, HYST[=E]R'IA, a nervous affection occurring typically in paroxysms of laughing and crying alternately, with a choking sensation in the throat, but often as a counterfeit of some organic disease.--_adjs._ HYS'TEROID, -AL, like hysteria.--_ns._ HYSTEROM[=A]N'IA, hysterical mania, often marked by erotic delusions and an excessive desire to attract attention; HYSTEROT'OMY, the operation of cutting into the uterus. [L. _hystericus_--Gr. _hysterikos_--_hystera_, the womb.]

HYSTERON-PROTERON, his'ter-on-prot'er-on, _n._ a figure of speech in which what should follow comes first: an inversion. [Gr., lit. 'the last first.']

HYTHE, h[=i]th, _n._ Same as HITHE.

* * * * *

I the ninth letter in the alphabet of western Europe, called _iota_ by the Greeks, from its Semitic name _yod_, in most European languages the sound that of the Latin long _i_, which we have in the words _machine_ and _marine._ The normal sound of _i_ in English is that heard in _bit_, _dip_, _sit_, which is the short Latin _i_.

I, [=i], _pron._ the nominative case singular of the first personal pronoun: the word used by a speaker or writer in mentioning himself: the object of self-consciousness, the ego. [M. E. _ich_--A.S. _ic_; Ger. _ich_, Ice. _ek_, L. _ego_, Gr. _eg[=o]_, Sans. _aham_.]

I, [=i], _adv._ same as AY.--I', a form of _in_.

IAMBUS, [=i]-am'bus, _n._ a metrical foot of two syllables, the first short and the second long, as in L. _f[)i]d[=e]s_; or the first unaccented and the second accented, as in _deduce_--also IAMB'.--_adj._ IAM'BIC, consisting of iambics.--_n._ iambus.--_adv._ IAM'BICALLY, in the manner of an iambic.--_v.i._ IAM'BISE, to satirise in iambic verse.--_n._ IAMBOG'RAPHER, a writer of iambics. [L.,--Gr. _iambos_, from _iaptein_, to assail, this metre being first used by writers of satire.]

IANTHINA, [=i]-an-th[=i]'na, _n._ a genus of gregarious, pelagic gasteropods, having a snail-like shell, but delicate, translucent, and blue in colour. [Gr. _ianthinos_--_ion_, a violet, _anthos_, a flower.]

IATRIC, -AL, [=i]-at'rik, -al, _adj._ relating to medicine or physicians.--_adj._ IATROCHEM'ICAL, pertaining to IATROCHEM'ISTRY, a system of applying chemistry to medicine introduced by Francis de la Boë of Leyden (1614-72).--_n._ IATROL'OGY, a treatise on medicine.

IBERIAN, [=i]-b[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ Spanish.--_n._ one of the primitive inhabitants of Spain, of whom some think the Basques a remnant. [L. _Iberia_, Spain.]

IBEX, [=i]'beks, _n._ a genus of goats, inhabiting the Alps and other mountainous regions. [L.]

IBIDEM, ib-[=i]'dem, _adv._ in the same place. [L.]

IBIS, [=i]'bis, _n._ a genus of wading birds related to the stork, one species of which was worshipped by the ancient Egyptians. [L.,--Gr.; an Egyptian word.]

ICARIAN, [=i]-k[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ belonging to, or like, Icarus. [L. _Icarius_--Gr. _Ikarios_--_Ikaros_, who fell into the sea on his flight from Crete, his waxen wings being melted by the sun.]

ICE, [=i]s, _n._ water congealed by freezing: concreted sugar, a frozen confection of sweetened cream or the juice of various fruits.--_v.t._ to cover with ice: to freeze: to cover with concreted sugar:--_pr.p._ ic'ing; _pa.p._ iced.--_ns._ ICE'-AGE (_geol._), the glacial epoch, its records included in the Pleistocene system, the chief relics morainic materials, boulder-clay or till, believed to have been formed under glacial ice; ICE'-AN'CHOR, an anchor with one arm for securing a vessel to an ice-floe; ICE'-BIRD, the little auk or sea-dove; ICE'BLINK, the peculiar appearance in the air reflected from distant masses of ice; ICE'BOAT, a boat used for forcing a passage through or being dragged over ice.--_adj._ ICE'-BOUND, bound, surrounded, or fixed in with ice.--_ns._ ICE'-BROOK, a frozen brook; ICE'-CREAM, ICED'-CREAM, cream sweetened or flavoured, and artificially frozen.--_adj._ ICED, covered with ice: encrusted with sugar.--_n._ ICE'-FALL, a glacier.--_n.pl._ ICE'-FEATH'ERS, peculiar feather-like forms assumed by ice at the summits of mountains.--_ns._ ICE'-FERN, the fern-like encrustation which is found on windows during frost; ICE'FIELD, a large field or sheet of ice; ICE'FLOAT, ICE'FLOE, a large mass of floating ice; ICE'FOOT, a belt of ice forming round the shores in Arctic regions--also ICE'-BELT, ICE'-LEDGE, ICE'-WALL; ICE'HOUSE, a house for preserving ice; ICE'-[=I]'SLAND, an island of floating ice; ICE'MAN, a man skilled in travelling upon ice: a dealer in ice: a man in attendance at any frozen pond where skating, &c., are going on; ICE'PACK, drifting ice packed together; ICE'-PAIL, a pail filled with ice for cooling bottles of wine; ICE'-PLANT, a plant whose leaves glisten in the sun as if covered with ice; ICE'-PLOUGH, an instrument for cutting grooves in ice to facilitate its removal; ICE'-SAW, a large saw for cutting through ice to free ships, &c.; ICE'-SPAR, a variety of feldspar remarkable for its transparent ice-like crystals; ICE'-WA'TER, water from melted ice: iced water.--_adv._ IC'ILY.--_ns._ IC'INESS; IC'ING, a covering of ice or concreted sugar.--_adjs._ IC'Y, composed of, abounding in, or like ice: frosty: cold: chilling: without warmth of affection; IC'Y-PEARLED (_Milt._), studded with pearls or spangles of ice.--BREAK THE ICE (see BREAK). [A.S. _is_; Ger. _eis_, Ice., Dan. _is_.]

ICEBERG, [=i]s'b[.e]rg, _n._ a mountain or huge mass of floating ice. [From Scand., Norw., and Sw. _isberg_. See _ice_ and _berg_=mountain.]

ICELANDER, [=i]s'land-[.e]r, _n._ a native of _Iceland_.--_n._ ICE'LAND-DOG, a shaggy white dog, sharp-eared, imported from Iceland.--_adj._ ICELAND'IC, relating to Iceland.--_n._ the language of the Icelanders.--_ns._ ICE'LAND-MOSS, a lichen found in Iceland, Norway, &c., valuable as a medicine and for food; ICE'LAND-SPAR, a transparent variety of calcite or calcium carbonate.

ICHNEUMON, ik-n[=u]'mun, _n._ a small carnivorous animal in Egypt, destroying crocodiles' eggs: an insect which lays its eggs on the larva of other insects. [L.,--Gr., _ichneuein_, to hunt after--_ichnos_, a track.]

ICHNITE, ik'n[=i]t, _n._ a fossil footprint. [Gr. _ichnos_.]

ICHNOGRAPHY, ik-nog'raf-i, _n._ a tracing out: (_archit._) a ground-plan of a work or building.--_adjs._ ICHNOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ ICHNOGRAPH'ICALLY. [Gr. _ichnographia_--_ichnos_, a track, _graphein_, to grave.]

ICHNOLITE, ik'no-l[=i]t, _n._ a stone retaining the impression of an extinct animal's footprint. [Gr. _ichnos_, a footprint, _lithos_, a stone.]

ICHNOLOGY, ik-nol'o-ji, _n._ footprint lore: the science of fossil footprints.--Also ICHNOLITHOL'OGY. [Gr. _ichnos_, a track, a footprint, _logia_, discourse.]

ICHOR, [=i]'kor, _n._ (_myth._) the ethereal juice in the veins of the gods: a watery humour: colourless matter from an ulcer.--_adj._ I'CHOROUS. [Gr. _ich[=o]r_.]

ICHTHINE, ik'thin, _n._ an albuminous substance found in fishes' eggs. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish.]

ICHTHYODORULITE, ik'thi-[=o]-dor'[=oo]-l[=i]t, _n._ the name given to fossil fish-spines in stratified rocks. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _doru_, a spear, _lithos_, a stone.]

ICHTHYOGRAPHY, ik-thi-og'ra-fi, _n._ a description of fishes. [Gr. _ickthys_, a fish, _graphein_, to write.]

ICHTHYOID, -AL, ik'thi-oid, -al, _adj._ having the form or characteristics of a fish--also ICH'THYIC.--_n._ ICHTHYOCOL'LA, fish-glue, isinglass. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _eidos_, form.]

ICHTHYOLATRY, ik-thi-ol'a-tri, _n._ fish-worship.--_adj._ ICHTHYOL'ATROUS.

ICHTHYOLITE, ik'thi-[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a fossil fish. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _lithos_, a stone.]

ICHTHYOLOGY, ik-thi-ol'o-ji, _n._ the branch of natural history that treats of fishes.--_adj._ ICHTHYOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ ICHTHYOL'OGIST, one skilled in ichthyology. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _logia_, discourse.]

ICHTHYOPHAGY, ik-thi-of'a-ji, _n._ the practice of eating fish.--_n._ ICHTHYOPH'AGIST.--_adj._ ICHTHYOPH'AGOUS. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _phagein_, to eat.]

ICHTHYOPSIDA, ik-thi-op'si-da, _n.pl._ one of three primary groups of vertebrates in Huxley's classification (the other two, _Sauropsida_ and _Mammalia_), comprising the amphibians or batrachians and the fish and fish-like vertebrates. [Gr. _ichthys_, fish, _opsis_, appearance.]

ICHTHYORNIS, ik-thi-or'nis, _n._ a fossil bird with vertebræ like those of fishes, and with teeth set in sockets. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _ornis_, a bird.]

ICHTHYOSAURIA, ik-thi-o-sawr'i-a, _n._ an order of gigantic extinct marine reptiles, uniting some of the characteristics of the Saurians with those of fishes.--_adj._ ICHTHYOSAUR'IAN.--_n._ ICH'THYOSAURUS. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _sauros_, a lizard.]

ICHTHYOSIS, ik-thi-[=o]'sis, _n._ a disease in which the skin becomes hardened, thickened, rough, and almost horny in severe cases.--_adj._ ICHTHYOT'IC. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish.]

ICTHYOTOMY, ik-thi-ot'o-mi, _n._ the anatomy of fishes.--_n._ ICHTHYOT'OMIST.

ICHTHYS, ik'this, _n._ an emblem or motto ([Greek: ICHTHYS]) supposed to have a mystical connection with Jesus Christ, being the first letters of the Greek words meaning 'Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour.'

ICICLE, [=i]s'i-kl, _n._ a hanging point of ice formed by the freezing of dropping water. [A.S. _ísgicel_, for _isesgicel_; _ises_ being the gen. of _ís_, ice, and _gicel_, an icicle; cf. Ice. _jökull_.]

ICON, [=i]'kon, _n._ a figure, esp. in the Greek Church, representing Christ, or a saint, in painting, mosaic, &c.--_adj._ ICON'IC.--_n._ ICONOG'RAPHY, the art of illustration.--_adj._ ICONOMAT'IC, expressing ideas by means of pictured objects.--_ns._ ICONOMAT'ICISM; ICONOPH'ILISM, a taste for pictures, &c.; ICONOPH'ILIST, a connoisseur of pictures, &c.; ICONOS'TASIS, a wooden wall which in Byzantine churches separates the choir from the nave--the icons are placed on it. [L.,--Gr. _eik[=o]n_, an image.]

ICONOCLASM, [=i]-kon'o-klazm, _n._ act of breaking images.--_n._ ICON'OCLAST, a breaker of images, one opposed to idol-worship, esp. those at the commencement in the Eastern Church, who from the 8th century downwards opposed the use of sacred images, or at least the paying of religious honour to such: any hot antagonist of the beliefs of others.--_adj._ ICONOCLAST'IC, pertaining to iconoclasm. [Gr. _eik[=o]n_, an image, _klast[=e]s_, a breaker--_klan_, to break.]

ICONOLOGY, [=i]-kon-ol'o-ji, _n._ the doctrine of images, especially with reference to worship.--_ns._ ICONOL'ATER, an image-worshipper; ICONOL'ATRY, the worship of images; ICONOL'OGIST; ICONOM'ACHIST, one opposed to the cultus of icons; ICONOM'ACHY, opposition to the same. [Gr. _eik[=o]n_, an image, _logia_, discourse.]

ICOSAHEDRON, [=i]-kos-a-h[=e]'dron, _n._ (_geom._) a solid having twenty equal sides or faces.--_adj._ ICOSAH[=E]'DRAL. [Gr. _eikosi_, twenty, _hedra_, base.]

ICOSANDRIA, [=i]-ko-san'dri-a, _n._ a class of plants having not less than twenty stamens in the calyx.--_adjs._ ICOSAN'DRIAN, ICOSAN'DROUS. [Gr. _eikosi_, twenty, an[=e]r, _andros_, a male.]

ICTERUS, ik'te-rus, _n._ the jaundice: a yellowish appearance in plants.--_adjs._ ICTER'IC, -AL, affected with jaundice; IC'TERINE, yellow, or marked with yellow, as a bird; ICTERIT'IOUS, yellow. [Gr. _ikteros_, jaundice.]

ICTUS, ik'tus, _n._ a stroke: rhythmical or metrical stress.--_adj._ IC'TIC, abrupt. [L., 'a blow.']

I'D, [=i]d, contracted from _I would_, or _I had_.

IDALIAN, [=i]-d[=a]'li-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Idalia_, in Cyprus, or to Venus, to whom it was sacred.

IDEA, [=i]-d[=e]'a, _n._ an image of an external object formed by the mind: a notion, thought, any product of intellectual action--of memory and imagination: an archetype of the manifold varieties of existence in the universe, belonging to the supersensible world, where reality is found and where God is (_Platonic_); one of the three products of the reason (the Soul, the Universe, and God) transcending the conceptions of the understanding--_transcendental ideas_, in the functions of mind concerned with the unification of existence (_Kantian_); the ideal realised, the absolute truth of which everything that exists is the expression (_Hegelian_).--_adjs._ ID[=E]'AED, ID[=E]'A'D, provided with an idea or ideas; ID[=E]'AL, existing in idea: mental: existing in imagination only: the highest and best conceivable, the perfect, as opposed to the real, the imperfect.--_n._ the highest conception of anything.--_adj._ ID[=E]'ALESS.--_n._ IDEALIS[=A]'TION, act of forming an idea, or of raising to the highest conception.--_v.t._ ID[=E]'ALISE, to form an idea: to raise to the highest conception.--_v.i._ to form ideas.--_ns._ ID[=E]'AL[=I]SER; ID[=E]'ALISM, the doctrine that in external perceptions the objects immediately known are ideas, that all reality is in its nature psychical: any system that considers thought or the idea as the ground either of knowledge or existence: tendency towards the highest conceivable perfection, love for or search after the best and highest: the imaginative treatment of subjects; ID[=E]'ALIST, one who holds the doctrine of idealism, one who strives after the ideal: an unpractical person.--_adj._ IDEALIST'IC, pertaining to idealists or to idealism.--_n._ IDEAL'ITY, ideal state: ability and disposition to form ideals of beauty and perfection.--_adv._ ID[=E]'ALLY, in an ideal manner: mentally.--_n._ ID[=E]'ALOGUE, one given to ideas: a theorist.--_v.i._ ID[=E]'ATE, to form ideas.--_adj._ produced by an idea.--_n._ the correlative or object of an idea.--_n._ IDE[=A]'TION, the power of the mind for forming ideas: the exercise of such power.--_adjs._ IDE[=A]'TIONAL, ID[=E]'ATIVE. [L.,--Gr. _idea_--_idein_, to see.]

IDENTIFY, [=i]-den'ti-f[=i], _v.t._ to make to be the same: to ascertain or prove to be the same:--_pa.p._ iden'tified.--_adj._ IDEN'TIFIABLE.--_n._ IDENTIFIC[=A]'TION.--IDENTIFY ONE'S SELF WITH, to take an active part in the promotion of. [Fr. _identifier_--L., as if _identicus_--_idem_, the same, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

IDENTITY, [=i]-den'ti-ti, _n._ state of being the same: sameness.--_adj._ IDEN'TICAL, the very same: not different.--_adv._ IDEN'TICALLY.--_n._ IDEN'TICALNESS, identity. [Fr.,--Low L. _identitat-em_--L. _idem_, the same.]

IDEOGRAPHY, [=i]-de-og'ra-fi, _n._ the representation of things by pictures, and not by sound-symbols or letters.--_ns._ I'DEOGRAPH, such a character or symbol as represents an idea without expressing its name--also I'DEOGRAM.--_adjs._ IDEOGRAPH'IC, -AL, representing ideas by pictures, or directly instead of words.--_adv._ IDEOGRAPH'ICALLY, in an ideographic manner. [Gr. _idea_, idea, _graphein_, to write.]

IDEOLOGY, [=i]-de-ol'o-ji, _n._ the science of ideas, metaphysics.--_adjs._ IDEOLOG'IC, -AL.--_n._ IDEOL'OGIST, one occupied with ideas having no significance: a mere theorist--also ID[=E]'OLOGUE. [Gr. _idea_, idea, _logia_, discourse.]

IDEOPRAXIST, [=i]-de-[=o]-prak'sist, _n._ one who is impelled to carry out an idea. [Gr. _idea_, idea, _praxis_, doing.]

IDES, [=i]dz, _n.sing._ in ancient Rome, the 15th day of March, May, July, October, and the 13th of the other months. [Fr.,--L. _idus_, prob. Etruscan.]

IDIOCRASY, id-i-ok'ra-si, _n._ same as IDIOSYNCRASY.--_adj._ IDIOCRAT'IC.

IDIOCY. See IDIOT.

IDIOELECTRIC, id-i-o-e-lek'trik, _adj._ electric by virtue of its own peculiar properties.

IDIOGRAPH, id'i-o-graf, _n._ a private mark or trademark.--_adj._ IDIOGRAPH'IC.

IDIOM, id'i-um, _n._ a mode of expression peculiar to a language, a peculiar variation of any language, a dialect.--_n._ ID'IASM, a peculiarity.--_adjs._ IDIOMAT'IC, -AL, conformed or pertaining to the idioms of a language.--_adv._ IDIOMAT'ICALLY.--_n._ IDIOT'ICON, a vocabulary of a particular dialect or district. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _idi[=o]ma_, peculiarity--_idios_, one's own.]

IDIOMORPHIC, id-i-o-mor'fik, _adj._ having a peculiar or distinctive form.

IDIOPATHY, id-i-op'a-thi, _n._ a peculiar affection or state: (_med._) a primary disease, one not occasioned by another.--_adj._ IDIOPATH'IC (_med._), primary, not depending on or preceded by another disease.--_adv._ IDIOPATH'ICALLY. [Gr. _idios_, peculiar, _pathos_, suffering--_pathein_ to suffer.]

IDIOSYNCRASY, id-i-o-sin'kra-si, _n._ peculiarity of temperament or constitution; crotchet or peculiar view, any characteristic of a person.--_adj._ IDIOSYNCRAT'IC. [Gr. _idios_, one's own, _syncrasis_, a mixing together--_syn_, together, _krasis_, a mixing.]

IDIOT, id'i-ut, _n._ one deficient in intellect: a foolish or unwise person.--_adj._ afflicted with idiocy: idiotic.--_v.t._ to make idiotic--_ns._ ID'IOCY, ID'IOTCY, state of being an idiot: imbecility: folly.--_adjs._ IDIOT'IC, -AL, pertaining to or like an idiot: foolish.--_adv._ IDIOT'ICALLY.--_adj._ IDIOT'ISH, idiotic.--_n._ ID'IOTISM, the state of being an idiot. [Fr.,--L. _idiota_--_idi[=o]t[=e]s_, orig. a 'private man,' then a rude person--_idios_, one's own.]

IDLE, [=i]'dl, _adj._ vain: trifling: unemployed: averse to labour: not occupied: useless: unimportant: unedifying.--_v.t._ to spend in idleness.--_v.i._ to be idle or unoccupied.--_adj._ I'DLE-HEAD'ED, foolish.--_ns._ I'DLEHOOD, I'DLENESS; I'DLER; ID'LESSE, idleness; I'DLE-WHEEL, a wheel placed between two others simply for transferring the motion from one to the other without changing the direction.--_n.pl._ I'DLE-WORMS, once jocularly supposed to be bred in the fingers of lazy maid-servants.--_adv._ I'DLY. [A.S. _idel_; Dut. _ijdel_, Ger. _eitel_.]

IDOCRASE, id'o-kr[=a]z, _n._ the mineral vesuvianite. [Gr. _eidos_, form, _krasis_, mixture.]

IDOL, [=i]'dul, _n._ a figure: an image of some object of worship: a person or thing too much loved or honoured: any phantom of the brain, or any false appearance by which men are led into error or prejudice which prevents impartial observation, a fallacy--also ID[=O]'LON, ID[=O]'LUM:--_pl._ ID[=O]'LA--Bacon (_Novum Organum_, i. § 38) makes these four in number--_Idols of the nation or tribe_; _Idols of the den or cave_ (fallacies due to personal causes); _Idols of the forum_ (those due to the influence of words or phrases); _Idols of the theatre_ (those due to misconceptions of philosophic system or demonstration).--_v.t._ I'DOL[=I]SE, to make an idol of, for worship: to love to excess.--_ns._ IDOL[=I]S'ER; I'DOLISM (_Milt._), idolatrous worship; I'DOLIST (_Milt._), an idolater; IDOL'OCLAST, a breaker of images.--_adj._ IDOLOGRAPH'ICAL, treating of idols. [O. Fr. _idole_--L. _idolum_--Gr. _eid[=o]lon_--_eidos_, what is seen--_idein_, to see.]

IDOLATER, [=i]-dol'a-t[.e]r, _n._ a worshipper of idols: a great admirer:--_fem._ IDOL'ATRESS.--_v.t._ IDOL'ATR[=I]SE, to worship as an idol: to adore.--_adj._ IDOL'ATROUS, pertaining to idolatry.--_adv._ IDOL'ATROUSLY.--_n._ IDOL'ATRY, the worship of an image held to be the abode of a superhuman personality: excessive love. [Fr. _idolâtre_, corr. of L.,--Gr. _eid[=o]lolatr[=e]s_--_eid[=o]lon_, idol, _latreuein_, to worship.]

IDOLON, [=i]-d[=o]'lon, _n._ same as IDOL, an image: a mistaken notion. [Gr. _eid[=o]lon_, an image.]

IDRIS, [=i]'dris, _n._ a mythical figure in Welsh tradition, giant, prince, and astronomer.

IDYL, IDYLL, [=i]'dil, _n._ a short pictorial poem, chiefly on pastoral subjects: a narrative poem.--_n._ IDYL'IST, a writer of idyls.--_adj._ IDYLL'IC, of or belonging to idyls: pastoral. [L. _idyllium_--Gr. _idyllion_, dim. of _eidos_, image.]

IF, if, _conj._ an expression of doubt; whether: in case that: supposing that.--AS IF, as it would be if. [A.S. _gif_; Dut. _of_, Ice. _ef_, if, _efa_, to doubt.]

IGNARO, ig-n[=a]'r[=o], _n._ (_Spens._) an ignorant person. [It.,--L. IGNARUS. See IGNORE.]

IGNATIAN, ig-n[=a]'shan, _adj._ of or pertaining to St _Ignatius_, Bishop of Antioch, martyred at Rome under Trajan about 110 A.D.--The famous IGNATIAN EPISTLES exist in 3 different forms or recensions--the _Short_ (3 only, in Syriac); the _Middle_ (7, the Greek text first published in 1646--considered by Zahn and Lightfoot to be the original form); the _Long_ (these 7, together with 6 others).

IGNEOUS, ig'ne-us, _adj._ pertaining to, consisting of, or like fire: (_geol._) produced by the action of fire.--_adjs._ IGNESC'ENT, emitting sparks of fire; IGNIF'EROUS, bearing fire; IGNIG'ENOUS, engendered in fire.--IGNEOUS rocks, those which have been erupted from the heated interior of the earth--hence also termed _Eruptive rocks_. [L. _igneus_--_ignis_, fire.]

IGNIPOTENT, ig-nip'o-tent, _adj._ (_Pope_) presiding over fire. [L. _ignis_, fire, _potens_, _-entis_, powerful.]

IGNIS-FATUUS, ig'nis-fat'[=u]-us, _n._ a light which misleads travellers, often seen over marshy places, also called 'Will-o'-the-Wisp:'--_pl._ IGNES-FATUI (ig'n[=e]z-fat'[=u]-[=i]). [L. _ignis_, fire, _fatuus_, foolish.]

IGNITE, ig-n[=i]t', _v.t._ to set on fire, to kindle: to render luminous with heat.--_v.i._ to take fire: to burn.--_n._ IGNITIBIL'ITY.--_adj._ IGN[=I]T'IBLE, that may be ignited.--_n._ IGNI'TION, act of setting on fire: state of being kindled, and esp. of being made red hot. [L. _ign[=i]re_, _ign[=i]tum_, to set on fire--_ignis_, fire.]

IGNOBLE, ig-n[=o]'bl, _adj._ of low birth: mean or worthless: dishonourable.--_v.i._ to degrade.--_ns._ IGNOBIL'ITY, IGN[=O]'BLENESS.--_adv._ IGN[=O]'BLY. [Fr.,--L. _ignobilis_--_in_, not, _gnobilis_, _nobilis_, noble.]

IGNOMINY, ig'n[=o]-min-i, _n._ the loss of one's good name: public disgrace: infamy--formerly also IG'NOMY.--_adj._ IGNOMIN'IOUS, dishonourable: marked with ignominy: contemptible: mean.--_adv._ IGNOMIN'IOUSLY.--_n._ IGNOMIN'IOUSNESS. [Fr.,--L. _ignominia_--_in_, not, _gnomen_, _nomen_, name.]

IGNORAMUS, ig-n[=o]-r[=a]'mus, _n._ the word formerly written by a grand-jury on the back of an indictment, meaning that they rejected it: an ignorant person, esp. one making a pretence to knowledge:--_pl._ IGNOR[=A]'MUSES. [L., 'We are ignorant,' 1st pers. pl. pres. indic. of _ignor[=a]re_.]

IGNORANT, ig'n[=o]-rant, _adj._ without knowledge: uninstructed: unacquainted with: resulting from want of knowledge: (_Shak._) unconscious: (_Shak._) undiscovered.--_n._ IG'NORANCE, state of being ignorant: want of knowledge--in R.C. theol. _vincible_ or _wilful_ ignorance is such as one might be fairly expected to overcome, hence it can never be an excuse for sin, whether of omission or of commission; while _invincible_ ignorance, which a man could not help or abate, altogether excuses from guilt: (_pl._) in Litany, sins committed through ignorance.--_adv._ IG'NORANTLY.--_n._ IGNOR[=A]'TION. [Fr.,--L. _ignorans_, _-antis_, _pr.p._ of _ignor[=a]re_. See IGNORE.]

IGNORANTINES, ig-n[=o]-ran't[=i]nz, _n.pl._ (_R.C._) name of a religious congregation of men devoted to the instruction of poor children--now better known as the _Brothers of Christian Schools_.

IGNORE, ig-n[=o]r', _v.t._ wilfully to disregard: to set aside. [Fr.,--L. _ignor[=a]re_, not to know--_in_, not, and _gno-_, root of _(g)nosc[)e]re_, to know.]

IGUANA, i-gwä'na, _n._ a genus of thick-tongued arboreal lizards in tropical America. [Sp., prob. Haytian.]

IGUANODON, i-gwä'no-don, _n._ a large extinct herbivorous reptile, with teeth like those of the iguana. [_Iguana_, and Gr. _odous_, _odontos_, a tooth.]

ILEAC, il'e-ak, _adj._, ILEUM, il'e-um, _n._ See ILIAC.

ILEX, [=i]'leks, _n._ the scientific name for Holly (which see): the evergreen or holm oak. [L.]

ILIAC, il'i-ak, _adj._ pertaining to the lower intestines.--_ns._ IL'EUM, the lower part of the smaller intestine in man; IL'IUM, the upper part of the hip-bone:--_pl._ IL'IA.--ILEUS, ILEAC, or ILIAC PASSION, a severe colic with vomiting, &c. [Fr., through a Low L. _iliacus_--_ilia_, the flanks, the groin.]

ILIAD, il'i-ad, _n._ an epic poem by Homer, giving an account of the destruction of _Ilium_ or ancient Troy. [L. _Ilias_, _Iliadis_--Gr. _Ilias_, _Iliados_, a poem relating to _Ilium_, the city of _Ilos_, its founder.]

ILK, ilk, _adj._ the same.--OF THAT ILK, of that same, used in connection with a man whose name is the same as that of his ancestral estate--often used erroneously for 'of that kind.' [A.S. _ilc_, _ylc_, from _y-_ or _i-_ (base of _he_), and _líc_=like.]

ILKA, il'ka, _adj._ (_Scot._) each. [A.S. _['æ]lc_, each.]

ILL, il, _adj._ (comp. _worse_; superl. _worst_) evil, bad: contrary to good: wicked: producing evil: unfortunate: unfavourable: sick: diseased: improper: incorrect: cross, as temper.--_adv._ not well: not rightly: with difficulty--(_rare_) ILL'Y.--_n._ evil: wickedness: misfortune.--_Ill_, when compounded with other words, expresses badness of quality or condition, as 'ill-advised,' 'ill-affected,' 'ill-disposed,' &c.--_adj._ ILL'-BESEEM'ING (_Shak._), unbecoming.--_n._ ILL'-BLOOD, ill-feeling: resentment.--_adjs._ ILL'-BOD'ING, inauspicious; ILL'-BRED, badly bred or educated: uncivil.--_n._ ILL'-BREED'ING.--_adjs._ ILL'-CONDIT'IONED, in bad condition: churlish; ILL'-FAT'ED, bringing ill-fortune; ILL'-FAURD (_Scot._), ILL'-F[=A]'VOURED, ill-looking: deformed: ugly.--_n._ ILL'-F[=A]'VOUREDNESS, state of being ill-favoured: deformity.--_adjs._ ILL'-GOT, -TEN, procured by bad means; ILL'-HAIRED (_Scot._) cross-grained; ILL'-JUDGED, not well judged; ILL'-LOOK'ING, having a bad look; ILL'-MANNED', insufficiently provided with men; ILL'-N[=A]'TURED, of an ill nature or temper: cross: peevish.--_adv._ ILL'-N[=A]'TUREDLY.--_ns._ ILL'-N[=A]'TUREDNESS, the quality of being ill-natured; ILL'NESS, sickness: disease.--_adjs._ ILL'-OFF, in bad circumstances; ILL'-[=O]'MENED, having bad omens: unfortunate; ILL'-STARRED, born under the influence of an unlucky star: unlucky; ILL'-TEM'PERED, having a bad temper: morose: fretful: (_Shak._) disordered; ILL'-TIMED, said or done at an unsuitable time.--_v.t._ ILL'-TREAT, to treat ill: to abuse.--_n._ ILL'-TURN, an act of unkindness or enmity.--_adj._ ILL'-USED, badly used or treated.--_ns._ ILL'-WILL, unkind feeling: enmity; ILL'-WISH'ER, one who wishes harm to another.--_adj._ ILL'-WREST'ING, misinterpreting to disadvantage.--GO ILL WITH, to result in danger or misfortune; TAKE IT ILL, to be offended. [From Ice. _illr_, a contraction of the word which appears in A.S. _yfel_, evil.]

ILLAPSE, il-laps', _n._ a sliding in: the entrance of one thing into another.--_v.i._ to glide. [L. _illapsus_--_illabi_--_in_, into, _labi_, to slip, to slide.]

ILLAQUEATE, i-lak'w[=e]-[=a]t, _v.t._ to ensnare.--_adj._ ILLAQ'UEABLE.--_n._ ILLAQUE[=A]'TION.

ILLATION, il-l[=a]'shun, _n._ act of inferring from premises or reasons: inference: conclusion.--_adj._ IL'LATIVE, denoting an inference: that may be inferred.--_adv._ IL'LATIVELY. [Fr.,--L. _illation-em_--_inferre_, _ill[=a]tum_--_in_, in, into, _ferre_, to bear.]

ILLAUDABLE, il-law'da-bl, _adj._ not laudable or praiseworthy.--_adv._ ILLAU'DABLY.

ILLEGAL, il-l[=e]'gal, _adj._ contrary to law.--_v.t._ ILL[=E]'GAL[=I]SE, to render unlawful.--_n._ ILLEGAL'ITY, the quality or condition of being illegal.--_adv._ ILL[=E]'GALLY.

ILLEGIBLE, il-lej'i-bl, _adj._ that cannot be read: indistinct.--_ns._ ILLEG'IBLENESS, ILLEGIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ ILLEG'IBLY.

ILLEGITIMATE, il-le-jit'i-m[=a]t, _adj._ not according to law: not born in wedlock: not properly inferred or reasoned: not genuine.--_n._ ILLEGIT'IMACY.--_adv._ ILLEGIT'IM[=A]TELY.--_n._ ILLEGITIM[=A]'TION, the act of rendering, or state of being, illegitimate.

ILLIBERAL, il-lib'[.e]r-al, _adj._ niggardly: mean, narrow in opinion.--_v.t._ ILLIB'ERALISE.--_n._ ILLIBERAL'ITY.--_adv._ ILLIB'ERALLY.

ILLICIT, il-lis'it, _adj._ not allowable: unlawful: unlicensed.--_adv._ ILLIC'ITLY.--_n._ ILLIC'ITNESS. [L. _illicitus_--_in_, not, _licitus_, pa.p. of _lic[=e]re_, to be allowable.]

ILLIMITABLE, il-lim'it-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be bounded: infinite.--_n._ ILLIM'ITABLENESS.--_adv._ ILLIM'ITABLY.--_n._ ILLIMIT[=A]'TION.--_adj._ ILLIM'ITED.

ILLIQUATION, il-li-kw[=a]'shun, _n._ the melting of one thing into another. [L. _in_, into, _liqu[=a]re_, -_[=a]tum_, to melt.]

ILLISION, il-lizh'un, _n._ the act of striking against. [L. _illision-em_--_illid[)e]re_--_in_, in, _læd[)e]re_, to strike.]

ILLITERAL, il-lit'[.e]r-al, _adj._ not literal.

ILLITERATE, il-lit'[.e]r-[=a]t, _adj._ not learned: uninstructed: ignorant.--_n.pl._ a term used to designate those persons who are unable to read or write or both.--_adv._ ILLIT'ERATELY.--_ns._ ILLIT'ERATENESS, ILLIT'ERACY, state of being illiterate: want of learning.

ILLOGICAL, il-loj'i-kal, _adj._ contrary to the rules of logic.--_adv._ ILLOG'ICALLY.--_n._ ILLOG'ICALNESS.

ILLUDE, il-l[=u]d', _v.t._ to play upon by artifice: to deceive. [O. Fr.,--L. _illud[)e]re_--_in_, upon, _lud[)e]re_, to play.]

ILLUME. See ILLUMINE.

ILLUMINATE, il-l[=u]'min-[=a]t, _v.t._ to light up: to enlighten: to illustrate: to adorn with ornamental lettering or illustrations.--_adj._ enlightened.--_adj._ ILL[=U]'MINABLE, that may be illuminated.--_adj._ and _n._ ILL[=U]'MINANT.--_n.pl._ ILLUMIN[=A]'T[=I], the enlightened, a name given to various sects, and especially to a society of German Freethinkers at the end of the 18th century.--_n._ ILLUMIN[=A]'TION, act of giving light: that which gives light: splendour: brightness: a display of lights: adorning of books with coloured lettering or illustrations: (_B_.) enlightening influence, inspiration.--_adj._ ILL[=U]'MINATIVE, tending to give light: illustrative or explanatory.--_n._ ILL[=U]'MINATOR, one who illuminates, esp. one who is employed in adorning books with coloured letters and illustrations.--_vs.t._ ILL[=U]'MINE, ILL[=U]'ME, to make luminous or bright: to enlighten: to adorn.--_ns._ ILL[=U]'MINER, an illuminator; ILL[=U]'MINISM.--_adj._ ILLUM'INOUS, bright. [L. _illumin[=a]re_, -_[=a]tum_--_in_, in, upon, _lumin[=a]re_, to cast light--_lumen_ (=_lucimen_)--_luc[=e]re_, to shine, light.]

ILLUSION, il-l[=u]'zhun, _n._ a playing upon: a mocking: deceptive appearance: false show: error.--_n._ ILL[=U]'SIONIST, one who is subject to illusions: one who produces illusions, as sleight-of-hand tricks, for entertainment.--_adjs._ ILL[=U]'SIVE, ILL[=U]'SORY, deceiving by false appearances: false.--_adv._ ILL[=U]'SIVELY.--_n._ ILL[=U]'SIVENESS. [See ILLUDE.]

ILLUSTRATE, il-lus'tr[=a]t, or il'us-tr[=a]t, _v.t._ to make distinguished: to make clear to the mind: to explain: to explain and adorn by pictures.--_adj._ (_Shak._) renowned.--_n._ ILLUSTR[=A]'TION, act of making lustrous or clear: act of explaining: that which illustrates: a picture or diagram.--_adjs._ ILLUS'TRATIVE, ILLUS'TRATORY, having the quality of making clear or explaining.--_adv._ ILLUS'TRATIVELY.--_n._ ILLUS'TRATOR.--_adj._ ILLUS'TRIOUS, morally bright, distinguished: noble: conspicuous: conferring honour.--_adv._ ILLUS'TRIOUSLY.--_n._ ILLUS'TRIOUSNESS. [L. _illustr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to light up--_illustris_, prob. _in_, in, _lux_, _lucis_, light.]

I'M, [=i]m, a contraction of _I am_.

IMAGE, im'[=a]j, _n._ likeness: a statue: an idol: a representation in the mind, an idea: a picture in the imagination: (_optics_) the figure of any object formed by rays of light.--_v.t._ to form an image of: to form a likeness of in the mind.--_adj._ IM'AGELESS, having no image.--_ns._ IMAGERY (im'[=a]j-ri, or im'[=a]j-er-i), the work of the imagination: mental pictures: figures of speech: (_orig._) images in general; IM'AGE-WOR'SHIP, honour paid in worship to graven or painted representations of sacred persons or things. [O. Fr.,--L. _imago_, image; cf. _imit[=a]ri_, to imitate.]

IMAGINE, im-aj'in, _v.t._ to form an image of in the mind: to conceive: to think: (_B._) to contrive or devise.--_v.i._ to form mental images: to conceive.--_adj._ IMAG'INABLE, that may be imagined.--_n._ IMAG'INABLENESS.--_adv._ IMAG'INABLY.--_adj._ IMAG'INARY, existing only in the imagination: not real: (_alg._) impossible.--_n._ IMAGIN[=A]'TION, act of imagining: the faculty of forming images in the mind: that which is imagined: contrivance.--_adj._ IMAG'IN[=A]TIVE, full of imagination: proceeding from the imagination.--_ns._ IMAG'IN[=A]TIVENESS; IMAG'INER; IMAG'INING, that which is imagined. [O. Fr. _imaginer_--L. _imagin[=a]ri_--_imago_, an image.]

IMAGO, i-m[=a]'g[=o], _n._ the last or perfect state of insect life: an image or optical counterpart of a thing. [L.]

IMÂM, i-mam', IMAUM, i-mawm', _n._ the officer who in Mohammedan mosques recites the prayers and leads the devotions of the faithful--in Turkey also superintending circumcisions, marriages, and funerals. [Ar. _im[=a]m_, chief.]

IMBANK, im-bangk'. Same as EMBANK.

IMBAR, im-bär', _v.t._ to exclude.

IMBARK, im-bärk', _v.i._ Same as EMBARK.

IMBATHE, im-b[=a]th', _v.t._ (_Milt._) to bathe.

IMBECILE, im'be-s[=e]l, _adj._ without strength either of body or mind: feeble: fatuous.--_n._ one destitute of strength, either of mind or body.--_n._ IMBECIL'ITY, state of being imbecile: weakness of body or mind. [O. Fr. _imbecile_--L. _imbecillis_; origin unknown.]

IMBED, im-bed', _v.t._ See EMBED.

IMBELLISHING, _n._ (_Milt._). Same as EMBELLISHMENT.

IMBIBE, im-b[=i]b', _v.t._ to drink in: to absorb: to receive into the mind.--_v.i._ to drink, absorb.--_ns._ IMBIB'ER; IMBIBI'TION. [L. _imbib[)e]re_--_in_, in, into, _bib[)e]re_, to drink.]

IMBITTER, im-bit'[.e]r, _v.t._ See EMBITTER.

IMBLAZE, im-bl[=a]z', _v.t._ obsolete form of _emblaze_.

IMBODY, im-bod'i. See EMBODY.

IMBOIL, im-boil', _v.i._ Same as EMBOIL.

IMBORDER, im-bor'd[.e]r, _v.t._ Same as EMBORDER.

IMBOSOM, im-b[=oo]z'um. See EMBOSOM.

IMBOUND, im-bownd', _v.t._ Same as EMBOUND.

IMBOW, im-b[=o]', _v.t._ Same as EMBOW.

IMBRANGLE. See EMBRANGLE.

IMBRICATE, im'bri-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to lay one over another, as tiles on a roof.--_adj._ bent like a gutter-tile: (_bot._) overlapping each other.--_n._ IMBRIC[=A]'TION, a concave indenture, as of a tile: an overlapping of the edges: ornamental masonry. [L. _imbric[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_imbrex_, a gutter-tile--_imber_; a shower.]

IMBROCATA, im-bro-kä'tä, _n._ in fencing, a thrust in tierce. [It.]

IMBROGLIO, im-br[=o]l'y[=o], _n._ an intricate plot in a romance or drama: a perplexing state of matters: a complicated misunderstanding. [It., 'confusion'--_imbrogliare_, to confuse, embroil.]

IMBROWN. See EMBROWN.

IMBRUE, im-br[=oo]', _v.t._ to wet or moisten: to soak: to drench.--_n._ IMBRUE'MENT. [O. Fr. _embruer_--_bevre_ (Fr. _boire_)--L. _bib[)e]re_, to drink.]

IMBRUTE, im-br[=oo]t', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to reduce, or sink, to the state of a brute:--_pr.p._ imbrut'ing; _pa.p._ imbrut'ed.

IMBUE, im-b[=u]', _v.t._ to moisten: to tinge deeply: to cause to imbibe, as the mind. [O. Fr. _imbuer_--L. _imbu[)e]re_--_in_, and root of _bib[)e]re_, to drink.]

IMITATE, im'i-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to copy, to strive to be the same as: to produce a likeness of.--_n._ IMITABIL'ITY.--_adj._ IM'ITABLE, that may be imitated or copied: worthy of imitation.--_n._ IM'ITANCY, the tendency to imitate.--_adj._ IM'ITANT.--_n._ IMIT[=A]'TION, act of imitating: that which is produced as a copy, a likeness: (_mus._) the repeating of the same passage, or the following of a passage with a similar one in one or more of the other parts or voices.--_adj._ IM'IT[=A]TIVE, inclined to imitate: formed after a model.--_adv._ IM'IT[=A]TIVELY.--_ns._ IM'IT[=A]TIVENESS, the quality of being imitative; IM'IT[=A]TOR, one who imitates or copies. [L. _imit[=a]ri_, _imit[=a]tus_, ety. unknown.]

IMMACULATE, im-mak'[=u]-l[=a]t, _adj._ spotless: unstained: pure.--_adv._ IMMAC'ULATELY.--_n._ IMMAC'ULATENESS.--IMMACULATE CONCEPTION, the R.C. dogma that the Virgin Mary was conceived without original sin--first proclaimed in 1854. [L. _immacul[=a]tus_--_in_, not, _macul[=a]re_, to stain--_macula_, a spot.]

IMMALLEABLE, im-mal'le-a-bl, _adj._ not malleable.

IMMANACLE, im-man'a-kl, _v.t._ (_Milt._) to put in manacles, to fetter or confine.

IMMANATION, im-[=a]-n[=a]'shun, _n._ an easy flow.--_v.t._ IMM'ANATE, to flow or issue in. [L. _in_, in, _man[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to flow.]

IMMANE, i-m[=a]n', _adj._ huge: cruel, savage.--_adv._ IMMANE'LY.--_n._ IMMAN'ITY (_Shak._), inhumanity, cruelty. [L. _immanis_, huge.]

IMMANENT, im'[=a]-nent, _adj._ remaining within: inherent.--_ns._ IMM'[=A]NENCE, IMM'[=A]NENCY, the notion that the intelligent and creative principle of the universe pervades the universe itself, a fundamental conception of Pantheism. [L. _immanens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _imman[=e]re_--_in_, in, _man[=e]re_, to remain.]

IMMANTLE, im-man'tl, _v.t._ to envelop in a mantle.

IMMANUEL, EMMANUEL, i-man'[=u]-el, e-, _n._ a name given to Jesus (Matt. i. 23) as the son of a virgin (Is. vii. 14). [Heb., lit. 'God-with-us.']

IMMARGINATE, im-ar-jin'[=a]t, _adj._ having no margin.

IMMASK, im-mask', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to mask, disguise.

IMMATERIAL, im-a-t[=e]'ri-al, _adj._ not consisting of matter: incorporeal: unimportant.--_v.t._ IMMAT[=E]'RIALISE, to separate from matter.--_ns._ IMMATE'RIALISM, the doctrine that there is no material substance; IMMAT[=E]'RIALIST, one who believes in this; IMMATERIAL'ITY, the quality of being immaterial or of not consisting of matter.--_adv._ IMMAT[=E]'RIALLY.

IMMATURE, im-a-t[=u]r', IMMATURED, im-a-t[=u]rd', _adj._ not ripe: not perfect: come before the natural time.--_adv._ IMMATURE'LY.--_ns._ IMMATURE'NESS, IMMATUR'ITY.

IMMEASURABLE, im-mezh'[=u]r-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be measured: very great.--_n._ IMMEAS'URABLENESS.--_adv._ IMMEAS'URABLY.--_adj._ IMMEAS'URED (_Spens._), beyond the common measure, immeasurable.

IMMEDIATE, im-m[=e]'di-[=a]t, _adj._ with nothing between two objects: not acting by second causes: direct: present: without delay.--_n._ IMM[=E]'DIACY (_Shak._), immediate or independent power.--_adv._ IMM[=E]'DI[=A]TELY.--_ns._ IMM[=E]'DI[=A]TENESS; IMM[=E]'DIATISM.

IMMEDICABLE, im-med'i-ka-bl, _adj._ incurable.

IMMEMORIAL, im-me-m[=o]r'i-al, _adj._ beyond the reach of memory.--_adj._ IMMEM'ORABLE.--_adv._ IMMEM[=O]'RIALLY.

IMMENSE, im-mens', _adj._ that cannot be measured: vast in extent: very large.--_adv._ IMMENSE'LY.--_ns._ IMMENSE'NESS; IMMENS'ITY, an extent not to be measured: infinity: greatness. [Fr.,--L. _immensus_--_in_, not, _mensus_, pa.p,. of _met[=i]ri_, to measure.]

IMMENSURABLE, im-mens'[=u]r-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be measured.--_n._ IMMENSURABIL'ITY.

IMMERGE, im-m[.e]rj', _v.t._ to plunge into. [L. _in_, into, _merg[)e]re_, _mersum_, to plunge.]

IMMERITOUS, im-mer'it-us, _adj._ (_Milt._) undeserving. [L. _immeritus_--_in_, not, _meritus_, deserving.]

IMMERSE, im-m[.e]rs', _v.t._ to plunge into: to dip: to baptise by dipping the whole body: to engage deeply: to overwhelm.--_adjs._ IMMERS'ABLE, IMMERS'IBLE.--_ns._ IMMER'SION, act of immersing or plunging into: state of being dipped into: state of being deeply engaged; IMMER'SIONIST. [See IMMERGE.]

IMMESH. See ENMESH.

IMMETHODICAL, im-me-thod'ik-al, _adj._ without method or order: irregular.--_adv._ IMMETHOD'ICALLY.

IMMIGRATE, im'i-gr[=a]t, _v.i._ to migrate or remove into a country.--_ns._ IMM'IGRANT, one who immigrates; IMMIGR[=A]'TION, act of immigrating. [L. _immigr[=a]re_--_in_, into, _migrare_, _-[=a]tum_, to remove.]

IMMINENT, im'i-nent, _adj._ near at hand: threatening: impending.--_n._ IMM'INENCE.--_adv._ IMM'INENTLY. [L. _imminens_, _-entis_--_in_, upon, _min[=e]re_, to project.]

IMMINGLE, im-ming'gl, _v.t._ to mingle together, to mix.

IMMISCIBLE, im-is'i-bl, _adj._ not capable of being mixed.

IMMIT, im-mit', _v.t._ to send into: to inject:--_pr.p._ immit'ting; _pa.p._ immit'ted.--_n._ IMMISS'ION, act of immitting: injection. [L. _immit[)e]re_--_in_, into, _mitt[)e]re_, _missum_, to send.]

IMMITIGABLE, im-it'i-ga-bl, _adj._ incapable of being mitigated.--_adv._ IMMIT'IGABLY.

IMMIX, im-miks', _v.t._ (_Milt._) to mix.--_adj._ IMMIX'ABLE, incapable of being mixed.

IMMOBILITY, im-mo-bil'i-ti, _n._ the character of being immovable.--_adj._ IMMOB'ILE.

IMMODERATE, im-mod'[.e]r-[=a]t, _adj._ exceeding proper bounds: extravagant.--_ns._ IMMOD'ERACY, IMMOD'ERATENESS, the quality of being immoderate: extravagance.--_adv._ IMMOD'ERATELY.--_n._ IMMODER[=A]'TION, want of moderation: excess.

IMMODEST, im-mod'est, _adj._ wanting restraint: impudent: forward: wanting shame or delicacy.--_adv._ IMMOD'ESTLY.--_n._ IMMOD'ESTY, want of modesty.

IMMOLATE, im'[=o]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to offer in sacrifice.--_ns._ IMMOL[=A]'TION, act of immolating: a sacrifice; IMM'OLATOR, one who immolates or offers sacrifice. [L. _immol[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to sprinkle meal on a victim, hence to sacrifice--_in_, upon, _mola_, meal.]

IMMOMENT, im-m[=o]'ment, _adj._ (_Shak._) of no value.

IMMORAL, im-mor'al, _adj._ inconsistent with what is right: wicked: licentious.--_n._ IMMORAL'ITY, quality of being immoral: an immoral act or practice.--_adv._ IMMOR'ALLY.

IMMORTAL, im-mor'tal, _adj._ exempt from death: imperishable: never to be forgotten (as a name, poem, &c.).--_n._ one who will never cease to exist: one of the forty members of the French Academy.--_n._ IMMORTALIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ IMMOR'TALISE, to make immortal.--_n._ IMMORTAL'ITY, condition or quality of being immortal: exemption from death or oblivion.--_adv._ IMMOR'TALLY.

IMMORTELLE, im-mor-tel', _n._ any one of the flowers commonly called everlasting. [Fr. (_fleur_) _immortelle_, immortal (flower).]

IMMOVABLE, im-m[=oo]v'a-bl, _adj._ steadfast: unalterable: that cannot be impressed or made to fall: (_pl._) fixtures, &c., not movable by a tenant.--_ns._ IMMOV'ABLENESS, IMMOVABIL'ITY.--_adv._ IMMOV'ABLY.

IMMUNE, im-m[=u]n', _adj._ free from obligation: not liable to infection.--_n._ IMMUN'ITY, state of being immune: exemption: privilege. [Fr.,--L. _in_, not, _munis_, serving, obliging.]

IMMURE, im-m[=u]r', _v.t._ to wall in: to shut up: to imprison.--_n._ (_Shak._) a wall.--_n._ IMMURE'MENT, imprisonment. [Fr.,--L. _in_, in, _murus_, a wall.]

IMMUTABLE, im-m[=u]t'a-bl, _adj._ unchangeable.--_ns._ IMMUTABIL'ITY, IMM[=U]T'ABLENESS, unchangeableness.--_adv._ IMM[=U]T'ABLY.

IMP, imp, _n._ a little devil or wicked spirit: a son, offspring, a pert child.--_v.t._ (falconry) to mend a broken or defective wing by inserting a feather: to qualify for flight.--_adj._ IMP'ISH, like an imp: fiendish. [A.S. _impe_--Low L. _impotus_, a graft--Gr. _emphytos_, engrafted.]

IMPACABLE, im-p[=a]k'a-bl, _adj._ (_Spens._) not to be quieted or appeased. [L. _in_, not, _pac[=a]re_, to quiet.]

IMPACT, im-pakt', _v.t._ to press firmly together: to drive close.--_n._ IM'PACT, a striking against: collision: the blow of a body in motion impinging on another body: the impulse resulting from collision.--IMPACTED FRACTURE (_surg._), when one part of the bone is forcibly driven into the other. [O. Fr. _impacter_--L. _impactus_, pa.p. of _imping[=e]re_. See IMPINGE.]

IMPAINT, im-p[=a]nt', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to paint.

IMPAIR, im-p[=a]r', _v.t._ to diminish in quantity, value, or strength: to injure: to weaken.--_v.i._ (_obs._) to become worse.--_n._ IMPAIR'MENT. [O. Fr. _empeirer_ (Fr. _empirer_), from L. _im_ (=in), inten., and L. _pejor[=a]re_, to make worse--L. _pejor_, worse.]

IMPAIR, im-p[=a]r', _adj._ (_Shak._) unsuitable. [Fr.,--L. _impar_--_in_, not, _par_, equal.]

IMPALE, im-p[=a]l', _v.t._ to fence in with stakes: to shut in: to put to death by spitting on a stake.--_n._ IMPALE'MENT, an enclosed space: (_her._) the marshalling side by side of two escutcheons combined in one. [Fr. _empaler_--L. _in_, in, _palus_, a stake.]

IMPALPABLE, im-pal'pa-bl, _adj._ not perceivable by touch: not coarse: not easily understood.--_n._ IMPALPABIL'ITY.--_adv._ IMPAL'PABLY.

IMPANATION, im-p[=a]-n[=a]'shun, _n._ a term used to express the local union of the body of Christ with the consecrated bread in the Eucharist; but later specially used of Luther's doctrine of Consubstantiation (q.v.).--_adj._ IMP[=A]'NATE, embodied in bread. [From Low L. _impan[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, in, _panis_, bread.]

IMPANEL. See EMPANEL.

IMPARADISE, im-par'a-d[=i]s, _v.t._ (_Milt._) to put in a paradise or state of extreme felicity, to make perfectly happy:--_pr.p._ impar'ad[=i]sing; _pa.p._ impar'ad[=i]sed.

IMPARITY, im-par'i-ti, _n._ want of parity or equality: indivisibility into equal parts.--_adjs._ IMPARIDIG'ITATE, having an uneven number of digits; IMPARIPIN'NATE, unequally pinnate; IMPARISYLLAB'IC, not consisting of an equal number of syllables. [L. _impar_--_in_, not, _par_, equal.]

IMPARK, im-pärk', _v.t._ to enclose in a park.

IMPARLANCE, im-pärl'ans, _n._ (_Spens._) parley.--_v.i._ IMPARL', to hold a consultation. [O. Fr. _emparlance_--_emparler_, to talk.]

IMPART, im-pärt', _v.t._ to bestow a part of: to give: to communicate: to make known.--_v.i._ to give a part.--_ns._ IMPART[=A]'TION, the act of imparting; IMPART'MENT (_Shak._), the act of imparting: that which is imparted, disclosure. [O. Fr. _empartir_--L. _impart[=i]re_--_in_, on, _pars_, _partis_, a part.]

IMPARTIAL, im-pär'shal, _adj._ not favouring one more than another: just: (_Shak._) partial.--_ns._ IMPARTIAL'ITY, IMPAR'TIALNESS, quality of being impartial: freedom from bias.--_adv._ IMPAR'TIALLY.

IMPARTIBLE, im-pärt'i-bl, _adj._ capable of being imparted.--_n._ IMPARTIBIL'ITY.

IMPARTIBLE, im-pärt'i-bl, _adj._ not partible: indivisible.--_n._ IMPARTIBIL'ITY.

IMPASSABLE, im-pas'a-bl, _adj._ not capable of being passed.--_ns._ IMPASSABIL'ITY, IMPASS'ABLENESS.--_adv._ IMPASS'ABLY.

IMPASSIBLE, im-pas'i-bl, _adj._ incapable of passion or feeling.--_ns._ IMPASSIBIL'ITY, IMPASS'IBLENESS, quality of being impassible. [Fr.,--L. _impassibilis_,--_in_, not, _pati_, _passus_, to suffer.]

IMPASSION, im-pash'un, _v.t._ to move with passion.--_adjs._ IMPASS'IONABLE, IMPASS'ION[=A]TE, IMPASS'IONED, moved by strong passion or feeling: animated: excited; IMPASS'IVE, not susceptible of pain or feeling.--_adv._ IMPASS'IVELY.--_ns._ IMPASS'IVENESS, IMPASSIV'ITY. [Through Low L.--L. _in_, in, _passion-em_, passion.]

IMPASTE, im-p[=a]st', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to knead into a paste: to lay colours on thick.--_ns._ IMPAST[=A]'TION, act of impasting: that which is made into paste; IMPAS'TO, in painting, the thick laying on of pigments. [Low L. _impast[=a]re_--_in_, into, _pasta_, paste.]

IMPATIENT, im-p[=a]'shent, _adj._ not able to endure or to wait: fretful: restless.--_n._ IMP[=A]'TIENCE, want of patience.--_adv._ IMP[=A]'TIENTLY.

IMPAVE, im-p[=a]v', _v.t._ (_Wordsworth_) to pave.

IMPAVID, im-pav'id, _adj._ fearless.--_adv._ IMPAV'IDLY, fearlessly: dauntlessly. [L. _impavidus_--_in_, not, _pavidus_, fearing.]

IMPAWN, im-pawn', _v.t._ to pawn or deposit as security.

IMPEACH, im-p[=e]ch', _v._t to charge with a crime: to cite before a court for official misconduct: to call in question: (_Spens._) to impede.--_adj._ IMPEACH'ABLE, liable to impeachment: chargeable with a crime.--_ns._ IMPEACH'ER, one who impeaches; IMPEACH'MENT, an exceptional form of process whereby the House of Commons may obtain redress for any high crimes and misdemeanours committed by peers and ministers of the Crown: (_Shak._) hinderance, obstruction. [O. Fr. _empescher_, to hinder (Fr. _empêcher_, It. _impacciare_); either from L. _imping[)e]re_, to strike against, or _impedic[=a]re_, to fetter--thus cognate either with _impinge_ or _impede_.]

IMPEARL, im-p[.e]rl', _v.t._ to adorn with or as with pearls: to make like pearls.

IMPECCABLE, im-pek'a-bl, _adj._ not liable to error or to sin.--_ns._ IMPECCABIL'ITY, IMPECC'ANCY.--_adj._ IMPECC'ANT, doing no sin.

IMPECUNIOUS, im-pe-k[=u]ni-us, _adj._ having no money: poor.--_n._ IMPECUNIOS'ITY.

IMPEDE, im-p[=e]d', _v.t._ to hinder or obstruct.--_n._ IMP[=E]'DANCE, hinderance, esp. in electricity an apparent increase of resistance due to induction in a circuit.--_adj._ IMPED'IBLE, capable of being impeded.--_n._ IMPED'IMENT, that which impedes: hinderance: a defect preventing fluent speech.--_n.pl._ IMPEDIMENT'A, military baggage, baggage generally.--_adjs._ IMPEDIMEN'TAL, IMPED'ITIVE, causing hinderance. [L. _imped[=i]re_--_in_, in, _pes_, _pedis_, a foot.]

IMPEL, im-pel', _v.t._ to urge forward: to excite to action: to instigate:--_pr.p._ impel'ling; _pa.p._ impelled'.--_adj._ IMPEL'LENT, impelling or driving on.--_n._ a power that impels.--_n._ IMPEL'LER. [L. _impell[)e]re_, _impulsum_--_in_, on, _pell[)e]re_, to drive.]

IMPEND, im-pend', _v.i._ to threaten: to be about to happen.--_ns._ IMPEND'ENCE, IMPEND'ENCY, the state of impending: near approach.--_adj._ IMPEND'ENT, imminent: ready to act or happen. [L. _impend[=e]re_--_in_, on, _pend[=e]re_, to hang.]

IMPENETRABLE, im-pen'e-tra-bl, _adj._ incapable of being pierced: preventing another body from occupying the same space at the same time: not to be impressed in mind or heart.--_n._ IMPENETRABIL'ITY, one of the essential properties of matter, implying that no two bodies can at the same time occupy the same space.--_adv._ IMPEN'ETRABLY.

IMPENITENT, im-pen'i-tent, _adj._ not repenting of sin.--_n._ one who does not repent: a hardened sinner.--_n._ IMPEN'ITENCE.--_adv._ IMPEN'ITENTLY.

IMPENNATE, im-pen'[=a]t, IMPENNOUS, im-pen'us, _adj._ wingless: having very short wings useless for flight. [L. _in_, not, _penna_, a wing.]

IMPERATIVE, im-per'a-tiv, _adj._ expressive of command: authoritative: peremptory: obligatory.--_adv._ IMPER'ATIVELY.--IMPERATIVE MOOD, the form of a verb expressing command or advice; CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE (see under CATEGORY). [L. _imperativus_--_imper[=a]re_, to command--_in_, in, _par[=a]re_, to prepare.]

IMPERATOR, im'p[=e]-r[=a]-tor, _n._ a commander: a ruler: an emperor.--_adj._ IMPERAT[=O]'RIAL. [L.,--_imper[=a]re_, to command.]

IMPERCEPTIBLE, im-p[.e]r-sep'ti-bl, _adj._ not discernible: insensible: minute.--_ns._ IMPERCEP'TIBLENESS, IMPERCEPTIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ IMPERCEP'TIBLY.--_adjs._ IMPERCEP'TIVE, not perceiving; IMPERCIP'IENT, having no power to perceive.

IMPERFECT, im-p[.e]r'fekt, _adj._ incomplete: defective: not fulfilling its design: liable to err.--_adv._ IMPER'FECTLY.--_ns._ IMPER'FECTNESS, IMPERFEC'TION.

IMPERFORATE, -d, im-p[.e]r'fo-r[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ not pierced through: having no opening.--_adj._ IMPER'FORABLE, that cannot be perforated or bored through.--_n._ IMPERFOR[=A]'TION.

IMPERIAL, im-p[=e]'ri-al, _adj._ pertaining to an empire or to an emperor: sovereign, supreme: commanding, of superior size or excellence.--_n._ a tuft of hair on the lower lip (from its use by Napoleon III.): a kind of dome, as in Moorish buildings: an outside seat on a diligence: a size of writing-paper, 22 × 30 in.; also of printing-paper, 22 × 32 in.--_v.t._ IMP[=E]'RIALISE, to make imperial.--_ns._ IMP[=E]'RIALISM, the power or authority of an emperor: the spirit of empire; IMP[=E]'RIALIST, one who belongs to an emperor: a soldier or partisan of an emperor; IMPERIAL'ITY, imperial power, right, or privilege.--_adv._ IMP[=E]'RIALLY.--_n._ IMP[=E]'RIUM, a military chief command: empire.--IMPERIAL CITY, Rome: one of those cities in the German Empire which owed allegiance to none but the emperor, which exercised suzerain rights within their own territories, and had the right of sitting and voting in the imperial diet; IMPERIAL INSTITUTE of the United Kingdom, the Colonies, and India, an institution designed to commemorate the Jubilee of Queen Victoria (1887). [Fr.,--L. _imperialis_--_imperium_, sovereignty.]

IMPERIL, im-per'il, _v.t._ to put in peril: to endanger.--_n._ IMPER'ILMENT.

IMPERIOUS, im-p[=e]'ri-us, _adj._ assuming command: haughty: tyrannical: authoritative: (_obs._) imperial.--_adv._ IMP[=E]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ IMP[=E]'RIOUSNESS. [L. _imperiosus_.]

IMPERISHABLE, im-per'ish-a-bl, _adj._ indestructible: everlasting.--_ns._ IMPER'ISHABLENESS, IMPERISHABIL'ITY.--_adv._ IMPER'ISHABLY.

IMPERMANENCE, im-per'man-ens, _n._ want of permanence.--_adj._ IMPER'MANENT.

IMPERMEABLE, im-p[.e]r'm[=e]-a-bl, _adj._ not permitting passage: impenetrable.--_ns._ IMPERMEABIL'ITY, IMPER'MEABLENESS.--_adv._ IMPER'MEABLY.--_n._ IMPER'ME[=A]TOR, a device in a steam-engine for forcing lubricating oil uniformly into the cylinder.

IMPERSEVERANT, im-per-sev'[.e]r-ant, _adj._ (_Shak._) strongly persevering.

IMPERSONAL, im-p[.e]r'sun-al, _adj._ not having personality: (_gram._) not varied according to the persons.--_n._ IMPERSONAL'ITY.--_adv._ IMPER'SONALLY.--_v.t._ IMPER'SON[=A]TE, to invest with personality or the bodily substance of a person: to ascribe the qualities of a person to: to personify: to assume the person or character of, esp. on the stage.--_adj._ personified.--_ns._ IMPERSON[=A]'TION; IMPER'SON[=A]TOR.

IMPERTINENT, im-p[.e]r'ti-nent, _adj._ not pertaining to the matter in hand: trifling: intrusive: saucy: impudent.--_n._ IMPER'TINENCE, that which is impertinent: intrusion: impudence, over-forwardness: (_law_) matter introduced into an affidavit, &c., not pertinent to the matter.--_adv._ IMPER'TINENTLY.

IMPERTURBABLE, im-p[.e]r-tur'ba-bl, _adj._ that cannot be disturbed or agitated: permanently quiet.--_n._ IMPERTURBABIL'ITY.--_adv._ IMPERTUR'BABLY.--_n._ IMPERTURB[=A]'TION. [L. _imperturbabilis_--_in_, not, _perturbare_, to disturb.]

IMPERVIABLE, im-p[.e]r'vi-a-bl, IMPERVIOUS, im-p[.e]r'vi-us, _adj._ not to be penetrated.--_ns._ IMPER'VIABLENESS, IMPERVIABIL'ITY, IMPER'VIOUSNESS.--_adv._ IMPER'VIOUSLY.

IMPETICOS, im-pet'i-kos, (_Shak._) a word coined by the fool in _Twelfth Night_, perhaps meaning _impocket_.

IMPETIGO, im-pe-t[=i]'go, _n._ a skin disease characterised by thickly-set clusters of pustules.--_adj._ IMPETIG'INOUS. [L.--_impet[)e]re_, to rush upon, attack.]

IMPETRATE, im'p[=e]-tr[=a]t, _v.t._ to obtain by entreaty or petition.--_n._ IMPETR[=A]'TION.--_adjs._ IM'PETRATIVE, IM'PETR[=A]TORY.

IMPETUOUS, im-pet'[=u]-us, _adj._ rushing upon with impetus or violence: vehement in feeling: passionate.--adv. IMPET'UOUSLY.--_ns._ IMPET'UOUSNESS, IMPETUOS'ITY.

IMPETUS, im'pe-tus, _n._ an attack: force or quantity of motion: violent tendency to any point. [L.,--_in_, in, _pet[)e]re_, to fall upon.]

IMPI, IM'PI, _n._ a body of Kaffir warriors. [S. Afr.]

IMPICTURED, im-pik't[=u]rd, _adj._ (_Spens._) painted.

IMPIERCEABLE, im-p[=e]rs'a-bl, _adj._ (_Spens._) incapable of being pierced.

IMPIGNORATE, im-pig'n[=o]-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to pledge or pawn.--_n._ IMPIGNOR[=A]'TION.

IMPINGE, im-pinj', _v.i_ (with _on_, _upon_, _against_) to strike or fall against: to touch upon.--_n._ IMPINGE'MENT.--_adj._ IMPING'ENT, striking against. [L. _imping[)e]re_--_in_, against, _ping[)e]re_, to strike.]

IMPIOUS, im'pi-us, _adj._ irreverent; wanting in veneration for God: profane.--_adv._ IM'PIOUSLY.--_ns._ IM'PIOUSNESS, IMP[=I]'ETY.

IMPLACABLE, im-pl[=a]k'a-bl, _adj._ not to be appeased: inexorable: irreconcilable.--_ns._ IMPLAC'ABLENESS, IMPLACABIL'ITY.--_adv._ IMPLAC'ABLY.

IMPLACENTAL, im-pla-sen'tal, _adj._ having no placenta, as certain marsupial animals.

IMPLANT, im-plant', _v.t._ to fix into: to insert: to infuse.--_n._ IMPLANT[=A]'TION, the act of infixing.

IMPLATE, im-pl[=a]t', _v.t._ to put a plate or covering upon: to sheathe.

IMPLAUSIBLE, im-plawz'i-bl, _adj._ not plausible, incredible.--_n._ IMPLAUSIBIL'ITY.

IMPLEACH, im-pl[=e]ch',_ v.t._ (_Shak._) to intertwine.

IMPLEAD, im-pl[=e]d', _v.t._ to prosecute a suit at law.--_n._ IMPLEAD'ER.

IMPLEDGE, im-plej', _v.t._ to pledge.

IMPLEMENT, im'ple-ment, _n._ a tool or instrument of labour.--_v.t._ to give effect to: to fulfil or perform.--_adj._ IMPLEMEN'TAL, acting as an implement.--_n._ IMPL[=E]'TION, a filling: the state of being full. [Low L. _implementum_--L. _im-pl[=e]re_, to fill.]

IMPLEX, im'pleks, _adj._ not simple: complicated.--_n._ IMPLEX'ION.--_adj._ IMPLEX'UOUS. [L. _implexus_--_in_, into, _plect[)e]re_, to twine.]

IMPLICATE, im'pli-k[=a]t, _v.t._ (with _by_, _in_, _with_) to enfold: to involve: to entangle.--_ns._ IM'PLICATE, the thing implied; IMPLIC[=A]'TION, the act of implicating: entanglement: that which is implied.--_adj._ IM'PLICATIVE, tending to implicate.--_adv._ IM'PLICATIVELY.--_adj._ IMPLIC'IT, implied: relying entirely, unquestioning: (_rare_) entangled, involved.--_adv._ IMPLIC'ITLY.--_n._ IMPLIC'ITNESS. [L. _implic[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, in, _plic[=a]re_, to fold.]

IMPLORE, im-pl[=o]r', _v.t._ to ask earnestly: to beg.--_ns._ IMPLOR[=A]'TION; IMPLOR'[=A]TOR (_Shak._), one who implores or entreats.--_adj._ IMPLOR'ATORY.--_n._ IMPLOR'ER (_Spens._), one who implores.--_adv._ IMPLOR'INGLY, in an imploring manner. [Fr.,--L. _implor[=a]re_--_in_, in, _plor[=a]re_, to weep aloud.]

IMPLUVIUM, im-pl[=oo]'vi-um, _n._ in ancient Roman houses, the square basin in the _atrium_ or hall into which the rain-water was received. [L.,--_implu[)e]re_--_in_, in, _plu[)e]re_, to rain.]

IMPLY, im-pl[=i]', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to enfold: to include in reality, to express indirectly: to mean: to signify:--_pr.p._ imply'ing; _pa.p._ implied'.--_adv._ IMPL[=I]'EDLY. [O. Fr. _empleier_--L. _implic[=a]re_.]

IMPOCKET, im-pok'et, _v.t._ to put in the pocket.

IMPOLITE, im-po-l[=i]t', _adj._ of unpolished manners: uncivil.--_adv._ IMPOLITE'LY.--_n._ IMPOLITE'NESS.

IMPOLITIC, im-pol'i-tik, _adj._ imprudent: unwise: inexpedient.--_n._ IMPOL'ICY.--_adv._ IMPOL'ITICLY.

IMPONDERABLE, im-pon'd[.e]r-a-bl, _adj._ not able to be weighed: without sensible weight.--_ns._ IMPON'DERABLENESS, IMPONDERABIL'ITY.--_n.pl._ IMPON'DERABLES, fluids without sensible weight, as heat, light, electricity, and magnetism, considered as material--still used of ether.

IMPONE, im-p[=o]n', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to place or put on, to stake, as a wager.--_adj._ IMPON'ENT, competent to impose an obligation.--_n._ one who imposes. [L. _impon[)e]re_--in, on, _pon[)e]re_, to place.]

IMPORT, im-p[=o]rt', _v.t._ to carry into: to bring from abroad: to convey, as a word: to signify: to be of consequence to: to interest.--_n._ IM'PORT, that which is brought from abroad: meaning: importance: tendency.--_adj._ IMPORT'ABLE, that may be imported or brought into a country.--_ns._ IMPORT'ANCE; IMPORT'ANCY (_Shak._).--_adj._ IMPORT'ANT, of great import or consequence: momentous: pompous.--_adv._ IMPORT'ANTLY.--_ns._ IMPORT[=A]'TION, the act of importing: the commodities imported; IMPORT'ER, one who brings in goods from abroad.--_adj._ IMPORT'LESS (_Shak._), without consequence. [Fr.,--L. _import[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, in, _port[=a]re_, to carry.]

IMPORTUNE, im-p[=o]r-t[=u]n', _v.t._ to urge with troublesome application: to press urgently: (_Spens._) to import, signify (a false use): to molest, as a beggar, prostitute, &c.--_ns._ IMPOR'TUNACY, IMPORT'UN[=A]TENESS.--_adj._ IMPORT'UN[=A]TE, troublesomely urgent.--_adv._ IMPORT'UN[=A]TELY.--_adj._ IMPORT'UNE, untimely: importunate.--_adv._ IMPORTUNE'LY.--_ns._ IMPORTUN'ER; IMPORTUN'ITY. [Fr.,--L. _importunus_--_in_, not, _portus_, a harbour.]

IMPOSE, im-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to place upon: to lay on: to enjoin or command: to put over by authority or force: to obtrude unfairly: to pass off: (_print._) to arrange or place in a chase, as pages of type.--_v.i._ (with _upon_) to mislead or deceive: act with constraining effect.--_n._ (_Shak._) command, injunction.--_adjs._ IMPOS'ABLE, capable of being imposed or laid on; IMPOS'ING, commanding: adapted to impress forcibly.--_adv._ IMPOS'INGLY.--_ns._ IMPOS'INGNESS; IMPOSI'TION, a laying on: laying on of hands in ordination: a tax, a burden: a deception. [Fr. _imposer_--L. _in_, on, _pon[)e]re_, to place.]

IMPOSSIBLE, im-pos'i-bl, _adj._ that which cannot be done: that cannot exist: absurd, or excessively odd.--_n._ IMPOSSIBIL'ITY.

IMPOST, im'p[=o]st, _n._ a tax, esp. on imports: (_archit._) that part of a pillar in vaults and arches on which the weight of the building is laid. [O. Fr. _impost_ (Fr. _impôt_)--L. _impon[)e]re_, to lay on.]

IMPOSTHUME, impos't[=u]m, _n._ an abscess.--_v.i._ IMPOS'THUM[=A]TE, to form an imposthume or abscess.--_v.t._ to affect with an imposthume.--_adj._ affected with such.--_n._ one swelled or bloated.--_n._ IMPOSTHUM[=A]'TION, the act of forming an abscess: an abscess. [A corr. of _apostume_, itself a corr. of _aposteme_--Gr. _apost[=e]ma_, a separation of corrupt matter--_apo_, away, and the root of _hist[=e]mi_, I set up.]

IMPOSTOR, im-pos'tur, _n._ one who practises imposition or fraud.--_n._ IMPOS'T[=U]RE.--_adj._ IMPOS'T[=U]ROUS.

IMPOTENT, im'po-tent, _adj._ powerless: without sexual power: wanting the power of self-restraint.--_ns._ IM'POTENCE, IM'POTENCY.--_adv._ IM'POTENTLY.

IMPOUND, im-pownd', _v.t._ to confine, as in a pound: to restrain within limits: to take possession of.--_n._ IMPOUND'AGE, the act of impounding cattle.

IMPOVERISH, im-pov'[.e]r-ish, _v.t._ to make poor: to exhaust the resources (as of a nation), or fertility (as of the soil).--_n._ IMPOV'ERISHMENT. [From O. Fr. _empovrir_ (Fr. _appauvrir_)--L. _in_, in, _pauper_, poor.]

IMPRACTICABLE, im-prak'tik-a-bl, _adj._ not able to be done: unmanageable: stubborn.--_ns._ IMPRAC'TICABILITY, IMPRAC'TICABLENESS.--_adv._ IMPRAC'TICABLY.

IMPRECATE, im'pre-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to pray for good or evil upon: to curse.--_n._ IMPREC[=A]'TION, the act of imprecating: a curse.--_adj._ IM'PRECATORY. [L. _imprec[=a]ri_--_in_, upon, _prec[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_, to pray.]

IMPREGN, im-pr[=e]n', _v.t._ (_Milt._) to impregnate.

IMPREGNABLE, im-preg'na-bl, _adj._ that cannot be seized: that cannot be moved.--_n._ IMPREGNABIL'ITY.--_adv._ IMPREG'NABLY. [Fr. _imprenable_--L. _in_, not, _prend[)e]re_, _prehend[)e]re_, to take.]

IMPREGNATE, im-preg'n[=a]t, _v.t._ to make pregnant: to impart the particles or qualities of one thing to another: saturate.--_n._ IMPREGN[=A]'TION, the act of impregnating: that with which anything is impregnated. [Low L. _imprægn[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, in, _prægnans_, pregnant.]

IMPRESARIO, im-pre-sä'ri-[=o], _n._ a manager or conductor of a troupe of concert or operatic singers. [It.,--_impresa_, enterprise.]

IMPRESCRIPTIBLE, im-pre-skrip'ti-bl, _adj._ not founded on external authority.--_n._ IMPRESCRIPTIBIL'ITY.

IMPRESE, im-pr[=e]s', IMPRESS, im-pres', _n._ (_Milt._) a device worn by a noble or his retainers. [O. Fr.]

IMPRESS, im-pres', _v.t._ to press upon: to mark by pressure: to produce by pressure: to stamp: to fix deeply in the mind.--_ns._ IM'PRESS, that which is made by pressure: stamp: likeness; IMPRESSIBIL'ITY.--_adj._ IMPRESS'IBLE, susceptible.--_n._ IMPRESS'IBLENESS.--_adv._ IMPRESS'IBLY.--_ns._ IMPRESS'ION, the act or result of impressing: a single edition of a book: the effect of any object on the mind: idea: slight remembrance; IMPRESSIONABIL'ITY.--_adj._ IMPRESS'IONABLE, able to receive an impression.--_ns._ IMPRESS'IONISM, a modern movement in art and literature, originating in France, its aim being to cast off the trammels of artistic tradition, and to look at nature in a fresh and original manner--it employs general effects, vigorous touches, and deals in masses of form and colour; IMPRESS'IONIST.--_adv._ IMPRESSIONIS'TIC.--_adj._ IMPRESS'IVE, capable of making an impression on the mind: solemn.--_adv._ IMPRESS'IVELY--_ns._ IMPRESS'IVENESS; IMPRESS'URE (_Shak._), impression.

IMPRESS, im-pres', _v.t._ to force into service, esp. the public service.--_n._ IM'PRESS. [An altered spelling of _imprest_.]

IMPRESSMENT, im-pres'ment, _n._ the act of impressing or seizing for service, esp. in the navy. [A word coined from _press_, in _pressgang_.]

IMPREST, im'prest, _n._ earnest-money: money advanced.--_v.t._ IMPREST', to advance on loan.

IMPRIMATUR, im-pri-m[=a]'tur, _n._ a license to print a book, &c. [Lit. 'let it be printed;' from L. _imprim[)e]re_--_in_, on, _prem[)e]re_, to press.]

IMPRIMIS, im-pr[=i]'mis, _adv._ in the first place. [L., _in_, in, _primus_, first.]

IMPRINT, im-print', _v.t._ to print: to stamp: to impress: to fix in the mind.--_n._ IM'PRINT, that which is imprinted: the name of the publisher, time and place of publication of a book, &c., printed on the title-page: also the printer's name on the back of the title-page and at the end of the book.

IMPRISON, im-priz'n, _v.t._ to put in prison: to shut up: to confine or restrain.--_n._ IMPRIS'ONMENT, the act of imprisoning or state of being imprisoned: confinement or restraint.

IMPROBABLE, im-prob'a-bl, _adj._ unlikely.--_n._ IMPROBABIL'ITY.--_adv._ IMPROB'ABLY.

IMPROBATION, im-pro-b[=a]'shun, _n._ in Scots law, an action for the purpose of declaring some instrument false or forged.--_adj._ IMPROB'ATIVE, disapproving--also IMPROB'ATORY.

IMPROBITY, im-prob'i-ti, _n._ want of probity.

IMPROMPTU, im-promp't[=u], _adj._ prompt, ready: off-hand.--_adv._ readily.--_n._ a short witty saying expressed at the moment: any composition produced at the moment. [L., 'in readiness'--_in_, in, _promptus_, readiness.]

IMPROPER, im-prop'[.e]r, _adj._ not suitable: unfit: unbecoming: incorrect: wrong.--_adv._ IMPROP'ERLY.--_n._ IMPROPR[=I]'ETY.

IMPROPRIATE, im-pr[=o]'pri-[=a]t, _v.t._ to appropriate to private use: to place ecclesiastical property in the hands of a layman.--_adj._ IMPR[=O]'PRIATE, devolved into the hands of a layman.--_ns._ IMPROPRI[=A]'TION, act of appropriating: property impropriated; IMPR[=O]'PRIATOR, a layman who holds possession of the lands of the Church or an ecclesiastical living. [Low L. _impropri[=a]tus_--L. _in_, in, _proprius_, one's own.]

IMPROVE, im-pr[=oo]v', _v.t._ to make better: to advance in value or excellence: to correct: to employ to good purpose.--_v.i._ to grow better: to make progress: to increase: to rise (as prices).--_ns._ IMPROVABIL'ITY, IMPROV'ABLENESS.--_adj._ IMPROV'ABLE, able to be improved.--_adv._ IMPROV'ABLY.--_ns._ IMPROVE'MENT, the act of improving: advancement or progress: increase, addition; IMPROV'ER, one who improves: a pad worn by women to make the dress hang properly.--_pr.p._ and _adj._ IMPROV'ING, tending to cause improvement.--_adv._ IMPROV'INGLY.--IMPROVE ON, or UPON, to bring to a better state by addition or amendment; IMPROVE THE OCCASION, to point out a moral from some event that has just occurred. [A variant of _approve_.]

IMPROVIDENT, im-prov'i-dent, _adj._ not provident or prudent: wanting foresight: thoughtless.--_adj._ IMPROVIDE' (_Spens._), not provided against.--_n._ IMPROV'IDENCE.--_adv._ IMPROV'IDENTLY.

IMPROVISATE, im-prov'i-s[=a]t, IMPROVISE, im-pro-v[=i]z', _v.t._ to compose and recite, esp. in verse, without preparation: to bring about on a sudden: to do anything off-hand.--_ns._ IMPROVIS[=A]'TION, act of improvising: that which is improvised; IMPROVIS[=A]'TOR, IMPROVISAT[=O]'RE (-r[=a]), sometimes _fem._ IMPROVIS[=A]'TRIX, IMPROVISATRI'CE, one who improvises: one who composes and recites verses without preparation:--_pl._ IMPROVISAT[=O]'RI (-r[=e]).--_adjs._ IMPROVISAT[=O]'RIAL, IMPROVIS'ATORY.--_n._ IMPROV[=I]S'ER.--_adj._ IMPROV[=I]'SO, not studied beforehand. [Fr. _improviser_--L. _in_, not, _provisus_, foreseen.]

IMPRUDENT, im-pr[=oo]'dent, _adj._ wanting foresight or discretion: incautious: inconsiderate.--_n._ IMPRU'DENCE.--_adv._ IMPRU'DENTLY.

IMPUDENT, im'p[=u]-dent, _adj._ wanting shame or modesty: brazen-faced: bold: rude: insolent.--_n._ IM'PUDENCE.--_adv._ IM'PUDENTLY.--_n._ IMPUDIC'ITY. [L. _in_, not, _pudens_, _-entis_--_pud[=e]re_, to be ashamed.]

IMPUGN, im-p[=u]n', _v.t._ to oppose: to attack by words or arguments: to call in question.--_adj._ IMPUGN'ABLE.--_ns._ IMPUGN'ER; IMPUGN'MENT. [L. _impugn[=a]re_--_in_, against, _pugn[=a]re_, to fight.]

IMPUISSANT, im-p[=u]'i-sant, _adj._ powerless.--_n._ IMP[=U]'ISSANCE.

IMPULSE, im'puls, _n._ the act of impelling: effect of an impelling force: force suddenly communicated: influence on the mind.--_n._ IMPUL'SION, impelling force: instigation.--_adj._ IMPULS'IVE, having the power of impelling: actuated by mental impulse: (_mech._) acting by impulse: not continuous.--_adv._ IMPULS'IVELY.--_n._ IMPULS'IVENESS. [L. _impulsus_, pressure--_impell[)e]re_.]

IMPUNITY, im-p[=u]n'i-ti, _n._ freedom or safety from punishment: exemption from injury or loss. [Fr.,--L. _impunitat-em_--_in_, not, _poena_, punishment.]

IMPURE, im-p[=u]r', _adj._ mixed with other substances: defiled by sin: unholy: unchaste: unclean.--_adv._ IMPURE'LY.--_ns._ IMPUR'ITY, IMPURE'NESS, quality of being impure.

IMPURPLE, im-pur'pl. Same as EMPURPLE.

IMPUTE, im-p[=u]t', _v.t._ to reckon as belonging to (in a bad sense): to charge: (_theol._) to attribute vicariously: (_rare_) to take account of.--_adj._ IMPUT'ABLE, capable of being imputed or charged: attributable.--_ns._ IMPUT'ABLENESS, IMPUTABIL'ITY.--_adv._ IMPUT'ABLY.--_n._ IMPUT[=A]'TION, act of imputing or charging: censure: reproach: the reckoning as belonging to.--_adjs._ IMPUT'ATIVE, imputed; IMPUT'ATIVELY.--_n._ IMPUT'ER. [Fr. _imputer_--L. _imput[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, in, _put[=a]re_, to reckon.]

IN, in, _prep._ denotes presence or situation in place, time, or circumstances--within, during: consisting of: because of: by or through.--_adv._ within: not out: in addition to, thrown in.--_n._ in politics, a member of the party in office: a corner.--_adj._ IN'-AND-IN', from animals of the same parentage: with constant and close interaction.--_n._ a game with four dice.--IN AS FAR AS, to the extent that; IN AS MUCH AS, INASMUCH AS, considering that; IN ITSELF, intrinsically, apart from relations; IN THAT, for the reason that.--INS AND OUTS, nooks and corners: the whole details of any matter.--BE IN FOR A THING, to be destined to receive a thing; BE IN IT (_slang_), to be getting on successfully, esp. in a game; BE IN WITH, to have intimacy or familiarity with. [A.S. _in_; Dut., Ger. _in_, Ice. _í_; W. _yn_, L. _in_, Gr. _en_. A.S. also had _innan_, within; cf. Old High Ger. _innana_, Sw. _innan._ In A.S. the prep. _in_ was often interchangeable with the related _on_.]

INABILITY, in-a-bil'i-ti, _n._ want of sufficient power: incapacity.

INABSTINENCE, in-ab'sti-nens, _n._ want of abstinence.

INACCESSIBLE, in-ak-ses'i-bl, _adj._ not to be reached, obtained, or approached.--_ns._ INACCESS'IBILITY, INACCESS'IBLENESS.--_adv._ INACCESS'IBLY.

INACCURATE, in-ak'k[=u]r-[=a]t, _adj._ not exact or correct: erroneous.--_n._ INAC'CURACY, want of exactness: mistake.--_adv._ INAC'CURATELY.

INACTIVE, in-akt'iv, _adj._ having no power to move: idle: lazy: (_chem._) not showing any action.--_n._ INAC'TION, idleness: rest.--_adv._ INACT'IVELY.--_n._ INACTIV'ITY, idleness.

INADAPTABLE, in-a-dap'ta-bl, _adj._ that cannot be adapted.--_n._ INADAPT[=A]'TION.--_adj._ INADAP'TIVE.

INADEQUATE, in-ad'e-kw[=a]t, _adj._ insufficient.--_ns._ INAD'EQUACY, INAD'EQUATENESS, insufficiency.--_adv._ INAD'EQUATELY.

INADMISSIBLE, in-ad-mis'i-bl, _adj._ not allowable.--_n._ INADMISSIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ INADMISS'IBLY.

INADVERTENT, in-ad-v[.e]rt'ent, _adj._ inattentive.--_ns._ INADVERT'ENCE, INADVERT'ENCY, negligence: oversight.--_adv._ INADVERT'ENTLY.

INAIDABLE, in-[=a]d'a-bl, _adj._ (_Shak._) that cannot be aided.

INALIENABLE, in-[=a]l'yen-a-bl, _adj._ not capable of being transferred.--_ns._ INALIENABIL'ITY, INAL'IENABLENESS.--_adv._ INAL'IENABLY.

INALTERABLE, in-awl'ter-a-bl, _adj._ unalterable.--_n._ INALTERABIL'ITY.

INAMORATA, in-am-o-rä'ta, _n.fem._ a woman with whom one is in love:--_masc._ INAMORA'TO. [It. _innamorata_--Low L. _inamor[=a]re_, to cause to love--L. _in_, in, _amor_, love.]

INANE, in-[=a]n', _adj._ empty, void: void of intelligence: useless.--_ns._ INANI'TION, exhaustion from want of food; INAN'ITY, senselessness: worthlessness: any kind of vain frivolity. [L. _inanis_.]

INANIMATE, -D, in-an'im-[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ without animation or life: dead: spiritless: dull.--_ns._ INAN'IMATENESS, INANIM[=A]'TION.

INAPPEASABLE, in-ap-p[=e]z'a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be appeased.

INAPPLICABLE, in-ap'plik-a-bl, _adj._ not applicable or suitable.--_ns._ INAPPLICABIL'ITY, INAP'PLICABLENESS.

INAPPOSITE, in-ap'poz-it, _adj._ not apposite, suitable, or pertinent.--_adv._ INAP'POSITELY.

INAPPRECIABLE, in-ap-pr[=e]'shi-a-bl, _adj._ not appreciable or able to be valued.--_adj._ INAPPR[=E]'CI[=A]TIVE, not valuing justly or at all.

INAPPREHENSIBLE, in-ap-pre-hen'si-bl, _adj._ not apprehensible or intelligible.--_n._ INAPPREHEN'SION.--_adj._ INAPPREHEN'SIVE.

INAPPROACHABLE, in-ap-pr[=o]ch'a-bl, _adj._ inaccessible.--_adv._ INAPPROACH'ABLY.

INAPPROPRIATE, in-ap-pr[=o]'pri-[=a]t, _adj._ not suitable.--_adv._ INAPPR[=O]'PRIATELY.--_n._ INAPPR[=O]'PRIATENESS.

INAPT, in-apt', _adj._ not apt: unfit, or unqualified.--_ns._ INAPT'ITUDE, INAPT'NESS, unfitness, awkwardness.--_adv._ INAPT'LY.

INARABLE, in-ar'a-bl, _adj._ not arable.

INARCHING, in-ärch'ing, _n._ a method of grafting by uniting, without separating from the original stem.--Also ENARCH'ING.

INARM, in-ärm', _v.t._ to encircle.

INARTICULATE, in-är-tik'[=u]l-[=a]t, _adj._ not distinct, incapable of speaking distinctly: (_zool._) not jointed.--_adv._ INARTIC'ULATELY.--_ns._ INARTIC'ULATENESS, INARTICUL[=A]'TION, indistinctness of sounds in speaking.

INARTIFICIAL, in-ärt-i-fish'yal, _adj._ not done by art: simple.--_adv._ INARTIFIC'IALLY.

INARTISTIC, -AL, in-ar-tis'tik, -al, _adj._ not artistic: deficient in appreciation of works of art.--_adv._ INARTIS'TICALLY.

INASMUCH, in-az-much'. See IN.

INATTENTIVE, in-at-tent'iv, _adj._ careless, not fixing the mind to attention.--_ns._ INATTEN'TION, INATTENT'IVENESS.--_adv._ INATTENT'IVELY.

INAUDIBLE, in-awd'i-bl, _adj._ not able to be heard.--_ns._ INAUDIBIL'ITY, INAUD'IBLENESS.--_adv._ INAUD'IBLY.

INAUGURATE, in-aw'g[=u]r-[=a]t, _v.t._ to induct formally into an office: to cause to begin: to make a public exhibition of for the first time.--_adjs._ INAU'GURAL, INAU'GUR[=A]TORY, pertaining to, or done at, an inauguration.--_ns._ INAUGUR[=A]'TION, act of inaugurating; INAU'GUR[=A]TOR, one who inaugurates.--_adj._ INAU'GURATORY. [L. _inaugur[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_.]

INAURATE, in-aw'r[=a]t, _adj._ having a golden lustre: covered with gold.

INAUSPICIOUS, in-aw-spish'us, _adj._ not auspicious: ill-omened: unlucky.--_adv._ INAUSPIC'IOUSLY.--_n._ INAUSPIC'IOUSNESS.

INBEING, in'b[=e]-ing, _n._ inherent existence.

INBOARD, in'b[=o]rd, _adv._ within the hull or interior of a ship: toward or nearer to the centre.

INBOND, in'bond, _adj._ laid with its length across the thickness of a wall:--opp. to _Outbond_, where the brick or stone is laid with its length parallel to the face of the wall.

INBORN, in'bawrn, _adj._ born in or with: implanted by nature.

INBREAK, in'br[=a]k, _n._ a violent rush in: irruption:--opp. to _Outbreak_.

INBREATHE, in'br[=e]th, _v.t._ to breathe into.

INBREED, in-br[=e]d', _v.t._ to breed or generate within: to breed in-and-in.--_pa.p._ IN'BRED, bred within, inherent, intrinsic.

INBURNING, in'burn-ing, _adj._ (_Spens._) burning within.

INBURST, in'burst, _n._ an irruption:--opp. to _Outburst_.

INBY, INBYE, in-b[=i]', _adv._ (_Scot._) toward the interior, as of a house from the door, or a mine from the shaft. [_In_ and _by_.]

INCA, ing'ka, _n._ the name of the ancient kings and princes of Peru:--_pl._ INCAS (ing'kaz). [Sp. _inca_--Peruvian _inca_.]

INCAGE, in-k[=a]j'. Same as ENCAGE.

INCALCULABLE, in-kal'k[=u]-la-bl, _adj._ not calculable or able to be reckoned.--_ns._ INCALCULABIL'ITY, INCAL'CULABLENESS.--_adv._ INCAL'CULABLY.

INCALESCENT, in-kal-es'ent, _adj._ growing warm.--_n._ INCALESC'ENCE. [L. _incalescens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _incalesc[)e]re_--_in_, in, _calesc[)e]re_, inceptive of _cal[=e]re_, to be warm.]

INCAMERATION, in-kam-[.e]r-[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of making over to a government a fund as a source of revenue, esp. an annexation to the papal exchequer. [L. _in_, in, _camera_, a chamber.]

INCANDESCENT, in-kan-des'ent, _adj._ white or glowing with heat: rendered luminous by heat.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ to glow with heat, to cause to glow.--_n._ INCANDESC'ENCE, a white heat.--INCANDESCENT LIGHT, a brilliant white light produced by a resisting conductor under an electric current, or by coal-gas burnt under a mantle or hood of the oxide of didymium and others of the alkaline earths. [L.,--_in_, in, _candesc[)e]re_--_cand[=e]re_, to glow.]

INCANTATION, in-kan-t[=a]'shun, _n._ a formula of words said or sung in connection with certain ceremonies for purposes of enchantment.--_n._ IN'CANT[=A]TOR.--_adj._ INCAN'TATORY. [L. _incantation-em_--_incant[=a]re_, to sing a magical formula over.]

INCAPABLE, in-k[=a]p'a-bl, _adj._ not capable: insufficient, unable: lacking mental capacity: unconscious of: helplessly drunk: disqualified.--_n._ one lacking capacity.--_n._ INCAPABIL'ITY.--_adv._ INCAP'ABLY.

INCAPACIOUS, in-kap-[=a]'shus, _adj._ not large, narrow.--_n._ INCAP[=A]'CIOUSNESS.

INCAPACITATE, in-kap-as'i-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to deprive of capacity: to make incapable: to disqualify.--_ns._ INCAPACIT[=A]'TION, the act of disqualifying; INCAPAC'ITY, want of capacity or power of mind: inability: legal disqualification.

INCARCERATE, in-kär's[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.t._ to imprison: to confine.--_n._ INCARCER[=A]'TION, imprisonment: (_surg._) obstinate constriction or strangulation. [L. _in_, in, _carcer_, a prison.]

INCARDINATE, in-kar'di-n[=a]t, _v.t._ to attach as a cardinal part, as a priest to his church.--_adj._ a perversion of _incarnate_.

INCARNADINE, in-kär'na-din, _v.t._ to dye of a red colour.--_adj._ carnation-coloured.

INCARNATE, in-kär'n[=a]t, _v.t._ to embody in flesh.--_v.i._ to form flesh, heal.--_adj._ invested with flesh.--_n._ INCARN[=A]'TION, act of embodying in flesh: (_theol._) the union of the divine nature with the human in the divine person of Christ: an incarnate form: manifestation, visible embodiment: (_surg._) the process of healing, or forming new flesh. [Low. L. _incarn[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--L. _in_, in, _caro_, _carnis_, flesh.]

INCASE, INCASEMENT. See ENCASE, ENCASEMENT.

INCAST, in'käst, _n._ something thrown in in addition by way of giving good measure.

INCATENATION, in-ka-te-n[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of chaining and linking together.

INCAUTIOUS, in-kaw'shus, _adj._ not cautious or careful.--_ns._ INCAU'TION, INCAU'TIOUSNESS, want of caution.--_adv._ INCAU'TIOUSLY.

INCAVO, in-kä'v[=o], _n._ the incised part in an intaglio. [It.,--L. _in_, in, _cavus_, hollow.]

INCEDINGLY, in-s[=e]d'ing-li, _adv._ (_rare_) triumphantly. [L. _inced[)e]re_, to march along.]

INCELEBRITY, in-sel-eb'ri-ti, _n._ lack of celebrity.

INCENDIARY, in-sen'di-ar-i, _n._ one that sets fire to a building, &c., maliciously: one who promotes quarrels:--_pl._ INCEN'DIARIES.--_adj._ wilfully setting fire to: relating to incendiarism: tending to excite quarrels.--_n._ INCEN'DIARISM.--_adj._ INCEND'IOUS (_obs._), promoting faction. [L. _incendiarius_--_incendium_--_incend[)e]re_, _incensum_, to kindle.]

INCENSE, in-sens', _v.t._ to inflame with anger: to incite, urge: to perfume with incense.--_n._ IN'CENSE, odour of spices burned in religious rites: the materials so burned: pleasing perfume: (_fig._) homage, adulation.--_adj._ IN'CENSE-BREATH'ING, exhaling incense or fragrance.--_ns._ INCENSE'MENT (_Shak._), state of being inflamed with anger; INCENS'OR (_obs._), a censer.

INCENTIVE, in-sent'iv, _adj._ inciting, encouraging: (_Milt._) igniting.--_n._ that which incites to action or moves the mind: motive. [L. _incentivus_, striking up a tune--_incin[)e]re_--_in_, in, _can[)e]re_, to sing.]

INCEPTION, in-sep'shun, _n._ a beginning.--_v.i._ INCEPT', to commence, esp. the period of candidature for the degree of master of arts, or a period of licensed teaching.--_adj._ INCEP'TIVE, beginning or marking the beginning.--_adv._ INCEP'TIVELY, in a manner denoting beginning.--_n._ INCEP'TOR. [L. _inceptionem_--_incip[)e]re_, _inceptum_, to begin--_in_, on, _cap[)e]re_, to take.]

INCERTAIN, in-ser't[=a]n, _adj._ uncertain.--_ns._ INCER'TAINTY, INCER'TITUDE, want of certainty.

INCESSANT, in-ses'ant, _adj._ uninterrupted: continual.--_adv._ INCESS'ANTLY, unceasingly: (_obs._) immediately. [L. _incessans_, _-antis_--_in_, not, _cess[=a]re_, to cease.]

INCEST, in'sest, _n._ sexual intercourse within the prohibited degrees of kindred.--_adj._ INCEST'[=U]OUS, guilty of incest.--_adv._ INCEST'UOUSLY.--_n._ INCEST'UOUSNESS. [Fr.,--L. _incestus_--_in_, not, _castus_, chaste.]

INCH, insh, _n._ the twelfth part of a foot: proverbially, a small distance or degree: (_Shak._) a critical moment.--_v.i._ to move by slow degrees.--_adj._ INCHED, containing inches: marked with inches.--_adv._ INCH'MEAL, by inches or small degrees: gradually.--INCH BY INCH, BY INCHES, by small degrees; EVERY INCH, entirely, thoroughly. [A.S. _ynce_, an inch--L. _uncia_, the twelfth part of anything, an inch, also an ounce (twelfth of a pound).]

INCH, insh, _n._ an island. [Gael, _innis_, an island.]

INCHASE, in-ch[=a]s'. See ENCHASE.

INCHOATE, in'k[=o]-[=a]t, _adj._ only begun: unfinished, rudimentary: not established.--_v.t._ (_Browning_) to begin.--_adv._ IN'CHOATELY.--_n._ INCHO[=A]'TION, beginning: rudimentary state.--_adj._ INCH[=O]'ATIVE, incipient. [L. _incho[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to begin.]

INCIDENT, in'si-dent, _adj._ falling upon: liable to occur: naturally belonging to anything, or following therefrom.--_n._ that which happens: an event: a subordinate action: an episode.--_n._ IN'CIDENCE, the manner of falling: bearing or _onus_, as of a tax that falls unequally: the falling of a ray of heat, light, &c. on a body: (_geom._) the falling of a point on a line, or a line on a plane.--_adj._ INCIDENT'AL, occurring as a result, concomitant: occasional, casual.--_adv._ INCIDENT'ALLY.--_n._ INCIDENT'ALNESS.--ANGLE OF INCIDENCE, the angle at which a ray of light or radiant heat falls upon a surface. [Fr.,--L. _inc[)i]dens_--_in_, on, _cad[)e]re_, to fall.]

INCINERATION, in-sin-[.e]r-[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of reducing to ashes by combustion.--_v.t._ INCIN'ERATE, to burn to ashes.--_n._ INCIN'ERATOR, a furnace for consuming anything. [L. _inciner[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, in, _cinis_, _cineris_, ashes.]

INCIPIENT, in-sip'i-ent, _adj._ beginning.--_ns._ INCIP'IENCE, INCIP'IENCY.--_adv._ INCIP'IENTLY. [Pr.p. of L. _incip[)e]re_.]

INCISE, in-siz', _v.t._ to cut into: to cut or gash: to engrave.--_adj._ INCIS'IFORM, shaped like an incisor-tooth.--_n._ INCIS'ION, the act of cutting into a substance: a cut: a gash.--_adj._ INC[=I]'SIVE, having the quality of cutting into: trenchant: acute: sarcastic.--_adv._ INC[=I]'SIVELY.--_ns._ INC[=I]'SIVENESS; INC[=I]'SOR, a cutting or fore tooth.--_adjs._ INCIS[=O]'RIAL, INC[=I]'SORY.--_n._ INCIS'URE, a cut, incision. [Fr. _inciser_--L. _inc[=i]d[)e]re_, _incisum_--_in_, into, _cæd[)e]re_, to cut.]

INCITE, in-s[=i]t', _v.t._ to rouse: to move the mind to action: to encourage: to goad.--_ns._ INCIT'ANT, that which incites: a stimulant; INCIT[=A]'TION, the act of inciting or rousing: an incentive.--_adj._ and _n._ INCIT'ATIVE.--_ns._ INCITE'MENT; INCIT'ER.--_adv._ INCIT'INGLY. [Fr.,--L. _incit[=a]re_--_in_, in, _cit[=a]re_, to rouse--_ci[=e]re_, to put in motion.]

INCIVIL, in-siv'il, _adj._ (_Shak._) uncivil.--_n._ INCIVIL'ITY, want of civility or courtesy: impoliteness: an act of discourtesy (in this sense has a _pl._, INCIVIL'ITIES).

INCIVISM, in'si-vizm, _n._ neglect of one's duty as a citizen, conduct unbecoming a good citizen. [Fr.]

INCLASP, in-klasp', _v.t._ to clasp to: to enclasp.

INCLAVE, in-kl[=a]v', _adj._ (_her._) shaped, or cut at the edge, like a series of dovetails, as the border of an ordinary.--_adj._ INCLAV[=A]T'ED, made fast, nailed. [L. _in_, in, _clavus_, a nail.]

INCLEARING, in'kl[=e]r-ing, _n._ the total amount in cheques and bills of exchange chargeable to a bank by the Clearing-house:--opp. to _Outclearing_.

INCLEMENT, in-klem'ent, _adj._ unmerciful: stormy: very cold: harsh: unpropitious.--_n._ INCLEM'ENCY.--_adv._ INCLEM'ENTLY.

INCLINE, in-kl[=i]n', _v.i._ to lean towards: to deviate from a line towards an object: to be disposed: to have some desire.--_v.t._ to cause to bend towards: to give a leaning to: to dispose: to bend.--_n._ an inclined plane: a regular ascent or descent.--_adj._ INCLIN'ABLE, leaning: tending: somewhat disposed.--_ns._ INCLIN'ABLENESS; INCLIN[=A]'TION, the act of bending towards: tendency, disposition of mind: natural aptness: favourable disposition, preference, affection: act of bowing: angle between two lines or planes: the angle a line or plane makes with the horizon.--_p.adj._ INCLINED', bent.--_pr.p._ and _n._ INCLIN'ING, inclination: (_Shak._) side, party.--_n._ INCLINOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the vertical element of the magnetic force.--INCLINED PLANE, one of the so-called mechanical powers, a slope or plane up which may be rolled a weight one could not lift. [Fr.,--L. _inclin[=a]re_--_in_, towards, _clin[=a]re_, to lean.]

INCLIP, in-klip', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to embrace, surround.

INCLOSE, INCLOSURE. See ENCLOSE.

INCLOUD. See ENCLOUD.

INCLUDE, in-kl[=oo]d', _v.t._ to close or shut in: to embrace within limits: to contain: to comprise: (_Shak._) to conclude.--_adj._ INCLUD'IBLE.--_n._ INCL[=U]'SION, act of including: that which is included: restriction, limitation.--_adj._ INCLU'SIVE, shutting in: enclosing: (with _of_) comprehending the stated limit or extremes.--_adv._ INCLU'SIVELY. [L. _includ[)e]re_, _inclusum_--_in_, in, _claud[)e]re_, to shut.]

INCOERCIBLE, in-ko-[.e]rs'i-bl, _adj._ that cannot be liquefied by pressure, said of certain gases.

INCOG, in-kog', _adv._ an abbreviation of incognito.

INCOGITABLE, in-koj'i-ta-bl, _adj._ unthinkable.--_ns._ INCOGITABIL'ITY, INCOG'ITANCY.--_adjs._ INCOG'ITANT, INCOG'IT[=A]TIVE. [L. _in_, not, _cogit[=a]re_, to think.]

INCOGNISABLE, INCOGNIZABLE, in-kog'niz-a-bl, or in-kon'iz-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be known or distinguished.--_adjs._ INCOG'NISANT, INCOG'NIZANT, not cognisant.--_n._ INCOG'NIZANCE, failure to recognise.--_n._ INCOGNOSCIBIL'ITY.--_adj._ INCOGNOS'CIBLE.

INCOGNITO, in-kog'ni-t[=o], _adj._ unknown: disguised: under an assumed title.--_n._ a man unknown (_fem._ INCOG'NITA): concealment. [It.,--L. _incognitus_--_in_, not, _cognitus_, known--_cognosc[)e]re_, to know.]

INCOHERENT, in-k[=o]-h[=e]r'ent, _adj._ not connected: loose: incongruous.--_n._ INCOHER'ENCE, want of coherence or connection: incongruity.--_adv._ INCOHER'ENTLY.--_n._ INCOH[=E]'SION.

INCOMBUSTIBLE, in-kom-bust'i-bl, _adj._ incapable of being consumed by fire.--_ns._ INCOMBUSTIBIL'ITY, INCOMBUST'IBLENESS.--_adv._ INCOMBUST'IBLY.

INCOME, in'kum, _n._ the gain, profit, or interest resulting from anything: revenue: (_Shak._) arrival: (_Scot._) a disease coming without known cause.--_n.pl._ IN'COME-BONDS, a term applied to a bastard kind of security which has no mortgage rights, and is really only a sort of preference share.--_ns._ IN'COMER, one who comes in: one who takes possession of a farm, house, &c., or who comes to live in a place, not having been born there; IN'COME-TAX, a tax directly levied on all persons having incomes above a certain amount.--_adj._ IN'COMING, coming in, as an occupant: accruing: (_Scot._) ensuing, next to follow.--_n._ the act of coming in: revenue. [Eng. _in_ and _come_.]

INCOMMENSURABLE, in-kom-en's[=u]-ra-bl, _adj._ having no common measure.--_ns._ INCOMMENSURABIL'ITY, INCOMMEN'SURABLENESS.--_adv._ INCOMMEN'SURABLY.--_adj._ INCOMMEN'SUR[=A]TE, not admitting of a common measure: not adequate: unequal.--_adv._ INCOMMEN'SUR[=A]TELY.--_n._ INCOMMEN'SUR[=A]TENESS, the state of being incommensurate.

INCOMMISCIBLE, in-kom-is'i-bl, _adj._ that cannot be mixed together. [L. _in_, not, _commisc[=e]re_, to mix.]

INCOMMODE, in-kom-[=o]d', _v.t._ to cause trouble or inconvenience to: to annoy: to molest.--_adj._ INCOMM[=O]'DIOUS, inconvenient: annoying.--_adv._ INCOMM[=O]'DIOUSLY.--_ns._ INCOMM[=O]'DIOUSNESS, the quality of being incommodious; INCOMMOD'ITY, anything which causes inconvenience. [Fr.,--L. _incommod[=a]re_--_incommodus_, inconvenient--_in_, not, _commodus_, commodious.]

INCOMMUNICABLE, in-kom-[=u]n'i-ka-bl, _adj._ that cannot be communicated or imparted to others.--_ns._ INCOMMUNICABIL'ITY, INCOMMUN'ICABLENESS.--_adv._ INCOMMUN'ICABLY.--_adj._ INCOMMUN'ICATIVE, not disposed to hold communion with, or to give information: unsocial.--_adv._ INCOMMUN'ICATIVELY.--_n._ INCOMMUN'ICATIVENESS.

INCOMMUTABLE, in-kom-[=u]t'a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be commuted or exchanged.--_ns._ INCOMMUTABIL'ITY, INCOMMUT'ABLENESS.--_adv._ INCOMMUT'ABLY.

INCOMPARABLE, in-kom'par-a-bl, _adj._ matchless.--_ns._ INCOMPARABIL'ITY, INCOM'PARABLENESS.--_adv._ INCOM'PARABLY.--_adj._ INCOMPARED' (_Spens._), peerless.

INCOMPATIBLE, in-kom-pat'i-bl, _adj._ not consistent: contradictory: incapable of existing together in harmony: (_pl._) things which cannot coexist.--_ns._ INCOMPATIBIL'ITY, INCOMPAT'IBLENESS.--_adv._ INCOMPAT'IBLY.

INCOMPETENT, in-kom'pe-tent, _adj._ wanting adequate powers: wanting the proper legal qualifications: insufficient.--_ns._ INCOM'PETENCE, INCOM'PETENCY.--_adv._ INCOM'PETENTLY.

INCOMPLETE, in-kom-pl[=e]t', _adj._ imperfect.--_adv._ INCOMPLETE'LY.--_ns._ INCOMPLETE'NESS, INCOMPL[=E]'TION.

INCOMPLIANCE, in-kom-pl[=i]'ans, _n._ refusal to comply: an unaccommodating disposition.--_adj._ INCOMPL[=I]'ANT.

INCOMPOSED, in-kom-p[=o]zd', _adj._ (_Milt._) discomposed.

INCOMPOSITE, in-kom'poz-it, _adj._ simple.--INCOMPOSITE NUMBERS, same as _prime numbers_ (see PRIME).

INCOMPOSSIBLE, in-kom-pos'i-bl, _adj._ incapable of coexisting.--_n._ INCOMPOSSIBIL'ITY.

INCOMPREHENSIBLE, in-kom-pre-hen'si-bl, _adj._ not capable of being understood: not to be contained within limits.--_ns._ INCOMPREHENSIBIL'ITY, INCOMPREHEN'SIBLENESS, INCOMPREHEN'SION.--_adv._ INCOMPREHEN'SIBLY.--_adj._ INCOMPREHEN'SIVE, limited.--_n._ INCOMPREHEN'SIVENESS.

INCOMPRESSIBLE, in-kom-pres'i-bl, _adj._ not to be compressed into smaller bulk.--_ns._ INCOMPRESSIBIL'ITY, INCOMPRESS'IBLENESS.

INCOMPUTABLE, in-kom-p[=u]t'a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be computed or reckoned.

INCONCEIVABLE, in-kon-s[=e]v'a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be conceived by the mind: incomprehensible: involving a contradiction in terms: physically impossible.--_ns._ INCONCEIVABIL'ITY, INCONCEIV'ABLENESS.--_adv._ INCONCEIV'ABLY.

INCONCINNITY, in-kon-sin'i-ti, _n._ want of congruousness or proportion.--_adj._ INCONCINN'OUS. [L.]

INCONCLUSIVE, in-kon-kl[=oo]s'iv, _adj._ not settling a point in debate, indeterminate, indecisive.--_adv._ INCONCLUS'IVELY.--_ns._ INCONCLUS'IVENESS, INCONCLU'SION.

INCONDENSABLE, in-kon-den'sa-bl, _adj._ not condensable.

INCONDITE, in-kon'd[=i]t, _adj._ not well put together, irregular, unfinished. [L. _inconditus_--_in_, not, _cond[)e]re_, _conditum_, to build.]

INCONGRUOUS, in-kong'gr[=oo]-us, _adj._ inconsistent: not fitting well together, disjointed: unsuitable--also INCON'GRUENT.--_ns._ INCONGRU'ITY, INCON'GRUOUSNESS.--_adv._ INCON'GRUOUSLY.

INCONSCIENT, in-kon'shi-ent, _adj._ unconscious.--_adj._ INCON'SCIOUS, unconscious.

INCONSECUTIVE, in-kon-sek'[=u]-tiv, _adj._ not succeeding in regular order.--_n._ INCONSEC'UTIVENESS.

INCONSEQUENT, in-kon'se-kwent, _adj._ not following from the premises: illogical: irrelevant: unreasonable, inconsistent.--_n._ INCON'SEQUENCE.--_adj._ INCONSEQUEN'TIAL, not following from the premises: of no consequence or value.--_advs._ INCONSEQUEN'TIALLY, INCON'SEQUENTLY.

INCONSIDERABLE, in-kon-sid'[.e]r-a-bl, _adj._ not worthy of notice: unimportant.--_n._ INCONSID'ERABLENESS.--_adv._ INCONSID'ERABLY.

INCONSIDERATE, in-kon-sid'[.e]r-[=a]t, _adj._ not considerate: thoughtless: inattentive.--_adv._ INCONSID'ERATELY.--_ns._ INCONSID'ERATENESS, INCONSIDER[=A]'TION.

INCONSISTENT, in-kon-sist'ent, _adj._ not consistent: not suitable or agreeing with: intrinsically incompatible: self-contradictory: changeable, fickle.--_ns._ INCONSIST'ENCE, INCONSIST'ENCY.--_adv._ INCONSIST'ENTLY.

INCONSOLABLE, in-kon-s[=o]l'a-bl, _adj._ not to be comforted.--_n._ INCONSOL'ABLENESS.--_adv._ INCONSOL'ABLY.

INCONSONANT, in-kon's[=o]-nant, _adj._ not consonant.--_n._ INCON'SONANCE.--_adv._ INCON'SONANTLY.

INCONSPICUOUS, in-kon-spik'[=u]-us, _adj._ not conspicuous: scarcely discernible.--_adv._ INCONSPIC'UOUSLY.--_n._ INCONSPIC'UOUSNESS.

INCONSTANT, in-kon'stant, _adj._ subject to change: fickle.--_n._ INCON'STANCY.--_adv._ INCON'STANTLY.

INCONSUMABLE, in-kon-s[=u]m'a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be consumed or wasted.--_adv._ INCONSUM'ABLY.

INCONTESTABLE, in-kon-test'a-bl, _adj._ too clear to be called in question: undeniable.--_n._ INCONTESTABIL'ITY.--_adv._ INCONTEST'ABLY.

INCONTIGUOUS, in-kon-tig'[=u]-us, _adj._ not adjoining or touching.--_adv._ INCONTIG'UOUSLY.--_n._ INCONTIG'UOUSNESS.

INCONTINENT, in-kon'ti-nent, _adj._ not restraining the passions or appetites: unchaste: (_med._) unable to restrain natural discharges or evacuations: (_coll._) immediate, off-hand.--_adv._ without delay: at once.--_ns._ INCON'TINENCE, INCON'TINENCY.--_adv._ INCON'TINENTLY, without restraint: forthwith, immediately.

INCONTROLLABLE, in-kon-tr[=o]'la-bl, _adj._ uncontrollable.--_adv._ INCONTROL'LABLY.

INCONTROVERTIBLE, in-kon-tro-v[.e]rt'i-bl, _adj._ too clear to be called in question.--_n._ INCONTROVERTIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ INCONTROVERT'IBLY.

INCONVENIENT, in-kon-v[=e]n'yent, _adj._ unsuitable: causing trouble or uneasiness: increasing difficulty: incommodious.--_v.t._ INCONVEN'IENCE, to trouble or incommode.--_ns._ INCONVEN'IENCE, INCONVEN'IENCY.--_adv._ INCONVEN'IENTLY.

INCONVERSABLE, in-kon-vers'a-bl, _adj._ indisposed to conversation, unsocial.

INCONVERSANT, in-kon'ver-sant, _adj._ not versed in.

INCONVERTIBLE, in-kon-v[.e]rt'i-bl, _adj._ that cannot be changed or exchanged.--_n._ INCONVERTIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ INCONVERT'IBLY.

INCONVINCIBLE, in-kon-vin'si-bl, _adj._ not capable of being convinced.

INCONY, in'kon-i, _adj._ (_Shak._) fine, delicate, pretty. [Prob. from Fr. _inconnu_, unknown--L. _incognitus_ (see INCOG). Cf. _unco_, in the sense of _strange_, _rare_, _fine_, abbreviated from _uncouth_.]

INCO-ORDINATE, in-ko-or'di-n[=a]t, _adj._ not in co-ordinate relation.--_n._ INCO-ORDIN[=A]'TION.

INCORONATE, -D, in-kor'o-n[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ crowned.

INCORPORATE, in-kor'po-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to form into a body: to combine into one mass, or embody: to unite: to form into a corporation.--_v.i._ to unite into one mass: to become part of another body.--_adj._ united in one body: (_rare_) not having a material body.--_n._ INCORPOR[=A]'TION, act of incorporating: state of being incorporated: formation of a legal or political body: an association: (_gram._) polysynthesis.--_adjs._ INCOR'PORATIVE, characterised by grammatical incorporation--also _Polysynthetic_; INCORP[=O]'REAL, INCOR'PORAL (_Shak._), not having a body: spiritual: intangible.--_ns._ INCORP[=O]'REALISM, INCORPOR[=E]'ITY, INCORPOREAL'ITY.--_adv._ INCORP[=O]'REALLY.

INCORPSE, in-korps', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to incorporate.

INCORRECT, in-kor-ekt, _adj._ containing faults: not accurate: not correct in manner or character: (_Shak._) not regulated.--_adv._ INCORRECT'LY.--_n._ INCORRECT'NESS.

INCORRIGIBLE, in-kor'i-ji-bl, _adj._ and _n._ bad beyond correction or reform.--_ns._ INCORR'IGIBLENESS, INCORRIGIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ INCORR'IGIBLY.

INCORRODIBLE, in-ko-r[=o]'di-bl, _adj._ incapable of being corroded.

INCORRUPT, in-kor-upt', _adj._ sound: pure: not depraved: not to be tempted by bribes.--_adj._ INCORRUPT'IBLE, not capable of decay: that cannot be bribed: inflexibly just.--_ns._ INCORRUPT'IBLENESS, INCORRUPTIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ INCORRUPT'IBLY.--_ns._ INCORRUP'TION, INCORRUPT'NESS.--_adj._ INCORRUPT'IVE.--_adv._ INCORRUPT'LY.

INCRASSATE, in-kras'[=a]t, _v.t._ to make thick.--_v.i._ (_med._) to become thicker.--_adj._ made thick or fat: (_bot._) becoming thick by degrees.--_n._ INCRASS[=A]'TION.--_adj._ INCRASS'ATIVE. [Low L. _incrass[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--L. _in_, in, _crass[=a]re_, to make thick.]

INCREASE, in-kr[=e]s', _v.i._ to grow in size: to become greater: to advance.--_v.t._ to make greater: to advance: to extend: to aggravate.--_adj._ INCREAS'ABLE.--_ns._ INCREAS'ABLENESS; IN'CREASE, growth: addition to the original stock: profit: produce: progeny.--_adj._ INCREASE'FUL (_Shak._), abundant of produce.--_adv._ INCREAS'INGLY, in the way of increase. [M. E. _incresen_--_en_ (L. _in_), and O. Fr. _creisser_, _croistre_--L. _cresc[)e]re_, to grow.]

INCREATE, in'kre-[=a]t, _adj._ (_arch._) uncreated.

INCREDIBLE, in-kred'i-bl, _adj._ surpassing belief.--_ns._ INCREDIBIL'ITY, quality of being incredible, an incredible thing; INCRED'IBLENESS, incredibility.--_adv._ INCRED'IBLY.

INCREDULOUS, in-kred'[=u]-lus, _adj._ hard of belief.--_ns._ INCRED[=U]'LITY, INCRED'ULOUSNESS.--_adv._ INCRED'ULOUSLY.

INCREMATION, in-kre-m[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of burning a dead body.--_v.t._ INCR[=E]'MATE, to burn. [L. _in_, in, _crem[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to burn.]

INCREMENT, in'kre-ment, _n._ act of increasing or becoming greater: growth: that by which anything is increased: (_math._) the finite increase of a variable quantity: (_rhet._) an adding of particulars without climax (see 2 Peter, i. 5-7): (_gram._) a syllable in excess of the number of the nominative singular or the second pers. sing. present indicative.--_adj._ INCREMENT'AL.--UNEARNED INCREMENT, any exceptional increase in the value of land, houses, &c., not due to the owner's labour or outlay. [L. _incrementum_--_incresc[)e]re_, to increase.]

INCRESCENT, in-kres'ent, _adj._ increasing, growing (of the moon).

INCRIMINATE, in-krim'in-[=a]t, _v.t._ to charge with a crime or fault, to criminate: to characterise as criminal or as accessory to crime.--_adj._ INCRIM'IN[=A]TORY.

INCRUST. See ENCRUST.

INCUBATE, in'k[=u]-b[=a]t, _v.i._ to sit on eggs to hatch them.--_v.t._ to produce by hatching: (_fig._) to turn over in the mind, ponder over.--_n._ INCUB[=A]'TION, the act of sitting on eggs to hatch them: (_fig._) meditation on schemes: (_med._) the period between the implanting of a disease and its development.--_adjs._ IN'CUB[=A]TIVE, INCUB[=A]'TORY.--_n._ IN'CUB[=A]TOR, a machine for hatching eggs by artificial heat. [L. _incub[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, upon, _cub[=a]re_, to lie.]

INCUBUS, in'k[=u]-bus, _n._ the nightmare: a male demon formerly supposed to consort with women in their sleep: any oppressive or stupefying influence:--_pl._ IN'CUBUSES, INCUBI (in'k[=u]-b[=i]). [L. _incub[=a]re_--_in_, upon, _cub[=a]re_, to lie.]

INCULCATE, in-kul'k[=a]t, _v.t._ to enforce by frequent admonitions or repetitions.--_ns._ INCULC[=A]'TION; INCUL'C[=A]TOR. [L. _inculc[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, into, _calc[=a]re_, to tread--_calx_, the heel.]

INCULPABLE, in-kul'pa-bl, _adj._ blameless.--_adv._ INCUL'PABLY.--_v.t._ INCUL'PATE, to bring into blame: to censure.--_n._ INCULP[=A]'TION.--_adj._ INCUL'PATORY. [Low L. _inculp[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--L. _in_, in, _culpa_, a fault.]

INCULT, in-kult', _adj._ (_rare_) uncultivated.

INCUMBENT, in-kum'bent, _adj._ lying or resting on: lying on as a duty.--_n._ one who holds an ecclesiastical benefice.--_n._ INCUM'BENCY, a lying or resting on: the holding of an office: an ecclesiastical benefice.--_adv._ INCUM'BENTLY. [L. _incumbens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _incumb[)e]re_, to lie upon.]

INCUNABULA, in-k[=u]-nab'[=u]-la, _n.pl._ books printed in the early period of the art, before the year 1500: the cradle, birthplace, origin of a thing. [L. _in_, in, _cunabula_, a cradle, dim. of _cunæ_, a cradle.]

INCUR, in-kur', _v.t._ to become liable to: to bring on:--_pr.p._ incur'ring; _pa.p._ incurred'. [L. _incurr[)e]re_, _incursum_--_in_, into, _curr[)e]re_, to run.]

INCURABLE, in-k[=u]r'a-bl, _adj._ not admitting of cure or correction.--_n._ one beyond cure.--_ns._ INCUR'ABLENESS, INCURABIL'ITY.--_adv._ INCUR'ABLY.

INCURIOUS, in-k[=u]'ri-us, _adj._ not curious or inquisitive: inattentive: deficient in interest.--_adv._ INC[=U]'RIOUSLY.--_ns. Inc[=u]'riousness_, _Incurios'ity_.

INCURSION, in-kur'shun, _n._ a hostile inroad.--_adj._ INCUR'SIVE, making an incursion or inroad. [Fr.,--L. _incursion-em_--_incurr[)e]re_.]

INCURVE, in-kurv', _v.t._ to cause to curve inward.--_v.i._ to curve inward.--_v.t_. INCUR'V[=A]TE, to turn from a straight course.--_adj._ curved inward or upward.--_ns._ INCURV[=A]'TION, act of bending, bowing, kneeling, &c.: the growing inward of the nails; INCUR'VATURE, any curving.--_adj._ INCURVED' (_bot._), curving toward the axis of growth.--_n._ INCUR'VITY, the state of being bent inward.

INCUS, in'kus, _n._ one of the bones in the tympanum or middle ear, so called from its fancied resemblance to an anvil:--_pl._ IN'C[=U]DES. [L., an anvil.]

INCUSE, in-k[=u]z', _v.t._ to impress by stamping, as a coin.--_adj._ hammered.--_n._ an impression, a stamp. [L. _incusus_, pa.p. of _incud[)e]re_--_in_, on, _cud[)e]re_, to strike.]

INCUT, in'kut, _adj._ set in by, or as if by, cutting, esp. in printing, inserted in spaces left in the text.

INDAGATE, in'da-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to search out.--_n._ INDAG[=A]'TION.--_adj._ IN'DAG[=A]TIVE.--_n._ IN'DAG[=A]TOR.--_adj._ IN'DAG[=A]TORY. [L. _indag[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to trace.]

INDART, in-därt', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to dart or strike in.

INDEBTED, in-det'ed, _adj._ being in debt: obliged by something received.--_ns._ INDEBT'EDNESS, INDEBT'MENT.

INDECENT, in-d[=e]'sent, _adj._ offensive to common modesty: unbecoming: gross, obscene.--_n._ IND[=E]'CENCY, quality of being indecent: anything violating modesty or seemliness.--_adv._ IND[=E]'CENTLY.

INDECIDUOUS, in-de-sid'[=u]-us, _adj._ not deciduous, as leaves.--Also INDECID'UATE.

INDECIPHERABLE, in-de-s[=i]'fer-a-bl, _adj._ incapable of being deciphered.

INDECISION, in-de-sizh'un, _n._ want of decision or resolution: hesitation.--_adj._ INDEC[=I]'SIVE, unsettled: inconclusive.--_adv._ INDEC[=I]'SIVELY.--_n._ INDEC[=I]'SIVENESS.

INDECLINABLE, in-de-kl[=i]n'a-bl, _adj._ (_gram._) not varied by inflection.--_adv._ INDECLIN'ABLY.

INDECOMPOSABLE, in-de-kom-p[=o]z'a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be decomposed.

INDECOROUS, in-de-k[=o]'rus (sometimes in-dek'[=o]-rus), _adj._ not becoming; violating good manners.--_adv._ INDEC[=O]'ROUSLY.--_ns_. INDEC[=O]'ROUSNESS, INDEC[=O]'RUM, want of propriety of conduct: a breach of decorum.

INDEED, in-d[=e]d', _adv._ in fact: in truth: in reality. It emphasises an affirmation, marks a qualifying word or clause, a concession or admission, or, used as an interj., it expresses surprise or interrogation.

INDEFATIGABLE, in-de-fat'i-ga-bl, _adj._ that cannot be fatigued or wearied out: unremitting in effort.--_n._ INDEFAT'IGABLENESS.--_adv._ INDEFAT'IGABLY. [Fr.,--L. _indefatigabilis_--_in_, not, _de_, _fatig[=a]re_, to tire.]

INDEFEASIBLE, in-de-f[=e]z'i-bl, _adj._ not to be defeated or made void.--_n._ INDEFEASIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ INDEFEAS'IBLY.

INDEFECTIBLE, in-de-fekt'i-bl, _adj._ incapable of defect: unfailing.

INDEFENSIBLE, in-de-fens'i-bl, _adj._ untenable, that cannot be maintained or justified.--_adv._ INDEFENS'IBLY.

INDEFINABLE, in-de-f[=i]n'a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be defined.--_adv._ INDEFIN'ABLY.

INDEFINITE, in-def'i-nit, _adj._ not limited: not precise or certain: (_logic_) indeterminate in logical quantity.--_adv._ INDEF'INITELY.--_n._ INDEF'INITENESS.

INDELIBLE, in-del'i-bl, _adj._ that cannot be blotted out or effaced.--_ns._ INDELIBIL'ITY, INDEL'IBLENESS.--_adv._ INDEL'IBLY. [Fr.,--L. _in_, not, _delebilis_--_del[=e]re_, to destroy.]

INDELICATE, in-del'i-k[=a]t, _adj._ offensive to good manners or purity of mind: coarse.-_-n._ INDEL'ICACY.--_adv._ INDEL'ICATELY.

INDEMNIFY, in-dem'ni-f[=i], _v.t._ (with against) to secure against loss: to make good for damage done: to give security against:--_pa.p._ indem'nified.--_ns._ INDEMNIFIC[=A]'TION, act of indemnifying: that which indemnifies; INDEM'NITOR, one who indemnifies; INDEM'NITY, security from damage, loss, or punishment: compensation for loss or injury.--ACT OF INDEMNITY, an act or decree for the protection of public officers from any technical or legal penalties or liabilities they may have been compelled to incur. [Fr.,--L. _indemnis_, unharmed--_in_, not, _damnum_, loss, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

INDEMONSTRABLE, in-de-mon'stra-bl, _adj._ that cannot be demonstrated or proved.--_n._ INDEMONSTRABIL'ITY.

INDENT, in-dent', _v.t._ to cut into points like teeth: to notch: to indenture, apprentice: (_print._) to begin farther in from the margin than the rest of a paragraph.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) to move in a zigzag course: to bargain: to make a compact.--_n._ a cut or notch in the margin: a recess like a notch.--_n._ INDENT[=A]'TION, a hollow or depression: act of indenting or notching: notch: recess.--_pa.p._ and _adj._ INDENT'ED, having indentations: serrated: zigzag.--_ns._ INDEN'TION (_print._), any space left before the beginning of lines, as in poetry; INDENT'URE, the act of indenting, indentation: (_law_) a deed under seal, with mutual covenants, where the edge is indented for future identification: a written agreement between two or more parties: a contract.--_v.t._ to bind by indentures: to indent. [Low L. _indent[=a]re_--L. _in_, in, _dens_, _dentis_, a tooth.]

INDEPENDENT, in-de-pend'ent, _adj._ (with _of_) not dependent or relying on others: not subordinate: not subject to bias: affording a comfortable livelihood: belonging to the Independents: (_gram._) of some parts of speech (noun, pronoun, verb), capable of forming sentences without the others.--_n._ one who in ecclesiastical affairs holds that every congregation should be independent of every other and subject to no superior authority--a Congregationalist: (_math._) not depending on another for its value, said of a quantity or function.--_ns._ INDEPEND'ENCE, INDEPEND'ENCY.--_adv._ INDEPEND'ENTLY.--DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, the document embodying the reasons for the secession of the thirteen colonies of America from England, reported to the Continental Congress, July 4, 1776--observed in the United States as a legal holiday--INDEPENDENCE DAY.

INDESCRIBABLE, in-de-skr[=i]b'a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be described: (_pl._) applied facetiously to trousers.--_adv._ INDESCRIB'ABLY.

INDESIGNATE, in-des'ig-n[=a]t, _adj._ (_logic_) without any indication of quantity.

INDESTRUCTIBLE, in-de-struk'ti-bl, _adj._ that cannot be destroyed.--_ns._ INDESTRUCTIBIL'ITY, INDESTRUC'TIBLENESS.--_adv._ INDESTRUC'TIBLY.

INDETERMINABLE, in-de-t[.e]r'min-a-bl, _adj._ not to be ascertained or fixed: (_nat. hist._) not to be classified or fixed.--_n._ INDETER'MINABLENESS.--_adv._ INDETER'MINABLY.--_adj._ INDETER'MIN[=A]TE, not determinate or fixed: uncertain: having no defined or fixed value.--_adv._ INDETER'MIN[=A]TELY.--_ns._ INDETER'MIN[=A]TENESS, INDETERMIN[=A]'TION, want of determination: want of fixed direction.--_adj._ INDETER'MINED, not determined: unsettled.

INDEX, in'deks, _n._ anything that indicates or points out: a hand that directs to anything, as the hour of the day, &c.: the forefinger: alphabetical list of subjects treated of in a book: (_math._) the exponent of a power:--_pl._ INDEXES (in'deks-ez), and in _math._, INDICES (in'di-s[=e]z).--_v.t._ to provide with or place in an index.--_ns._ IN'DEX-DIG'IT, IN'DEX-FING'ER, the forefinger, or in other animals that digit representing the human index.--_adjs._ INDEX'ICAL; IN'DEXLESS, without an index.--INDEX EXPURGATORIUS, in the R.C. Church, an authoritative list of books only to be read in expurgated editions; INDEX LIBRORUM EXPURGANDORUM, or INDEX LIBRORUM PROHIBITORUM, an official list of books which the faithful are absolutely forbidden to read at all under pain of instant excommunication; INDEX RERUM, an index of subjects; INDEX VERBORUM, an index of words. [L. _index_, _indicis_--_indic[=a]re_, to show.]

INDEXTERITY, in-deks-ter'i-ti, _n._ want of dexterity.

INDIAN, in'di-an, _adj._ belonging to the Indies, East or West, or to the aborigines of America.--_n._ a native of the Indies: a European who lives or has lived in India: an aboriginal of America.--_ns._ IN'DIAMAN, a large ship employed in trade, with India; IN'DIA-RUB'BER, an elastic gummy substance, the inspissated juice of various tropical plants, extensively used in the arts: caoutchouc.--_adj._ IN'DIC, originating or existing in India, a term comprehensively applied to all the Aryan languages of India.--INDIAN BERRY, a climbing Indian shrub, its fruit _Cocculus Indicus_; INDIAN CLUB, a bottle-shaped block of wood, swung in various motions by the arms with the view of developing the muscles of these and of the chest, &c.; INDIAN CORN, maize, so called because brought from the West Indies; INDIAN CRESS, an ornamental garden shrub from Peru, with orange flowers; INDIAN FILE (see FILE); INDIAN FIRE, a pyrotechnic composition, used as a signal-light, consisting of sulphur, realgar, and nitre; INDIAN RED (see RED); INDIAN SUMMER, in America, a period of warm, dry, calm weather in late autumn, with hazy atmosphere.--INDIA DOCKS, extensive docks in London for the accommodation of vessels engaged in the West and East India trade; INDIA INK (see INK); INDIA OFFICE, a government office in London, where are managed the affairs of the Indian government; INDIA PAPER, a thin yellowish printing-paper made in China and Japan from vegetable fibre, and used in taking the finest proofs from engraved plates--hence called INDIA PROOFS; INDIA SHAWL, a Cashmere shawl.--EAST INDIA COMPANY, a great chartered company formed for trading with India and the East Indies, more especially applied to the English Company, incorporated in 1600 and abolished in 1858; EAST INDIAN, an inhabitant or a native of the East Indies; RED INDIAN, one of the aborigines of America, so called from the colour of the skin--(_coll._) in U.S. _Injen_, _Injun_; WEST INDIAN, a native or an inhabitant of the West Indies. [L. _India_--_Indus_ (Gr. _Indos_), the Indus (Pers. Hind. _Hind_; Zend _Hindu_)--Sans. _sindhu_, a river.]

INDICATE, in'di-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to point out: to show: to give as a ground for inferring.--_adj._ IN'DICANT, indicating.--_n._ that which indicates.--_n._ INDIC[=A]'TION, act of indicating: mark: token: symptom.--_adj._ INDIC'ATIVE, pointing out: giving intimation of: (_gram._) applied to the mood of the verb which affirms or denies.--_adv._ INDIC'ATIVELY.--_n._ IN'DIC[=A]TOR, one who indicates: an instrument on a steam-engine to show the pressure.--_adj._ IN'DIC[=A]TORY, showing. [L. _indic[=a]re_, -_[=a]tum_--_in_, in, _dic[=a]re_, to proclaim.]

INDICT, in-d[=i]t', _v.t._ to charge with a crime formally or in writing, esp. by a grand-jury.--_adj._ INDICT'ABLE.--_ns._ INDICTEE', one who is indicted; INDICT'MENT, formal accusation: the written accusation against one who is to be tried by jury: (_Scots law_) the form under which a criminal is put to trial at the instance of the Lord Advocate.--FIND AN INDICTMENT, said of the grand-jury when they are satisfied of the truth of the accusation, and endorse the bill, _A true bill_. [L. _indict[=a]re_, freq. of _indic[)e]re_, _indictum_, to declare--_in_, in, _dic[)e]re_, to say.]

INDICTION, in-dik'shun, _n._ a proclamation: a cycle of fifteen years, instituted by Constantine the Great for fiscal purposes, and adopted by the popes as part of their chronological system: a year bearing a number showing its place in a fifteen years' cycle, dating from 313 A.D.

INDIFFERENT, in-dif'[.e]r-ent, _adj._ without importance: uninteresting: of a middle quality: neutral: unconcerned.--_n._ one who is indifferent or apathetic: that which is indifferent.--_ns._ INDIFF'ERENCE, INDIFF'ERENCY, INDIFF'ERENTISM, indifference: (_theol._) the doctrine that religious differences are of no moment: (_metaph._) the doctrine of absolute identity--i.e. that to be in thought and to exist are one and the same thing; INDIFF'ERENTIST.--_adv._ INDIFF'ERENTLY, in an indifferent manner: tolerably: passably: without distinction, impartially.

INDIGENOUS, in-dij'en-us, _adj._ native born or originating in: produced naturally in a country.--_adj._ and _n._ IN'DIGENE.--_adv._ INDIG'ENOUSLY. [L. _indigena_, a native--_indu_, or _in_, and _gen_-, root of _gign[)e]re_, to produce.]

INDIGENT, in'di-jent, _adj._ in need of anything: destitute of means of subsistence: poor.--_n._ IN'DIGENCE.--_adv._ IN'DIGENTLY. [Fr.,--L. _indigens_, -_entis_, pr.p. of _indig[)e]re_--_indu_, or _in_, in, _eg[=e]re_, to need.]

INDIGEST, in-di-jest', _adj._ not digested, shapeless.--_n._ a crude mass, disordered state of affairs.--_adj._ INDIGEST'ED, not digested: unarranged: not methodised.--_ns._ INDIGESTIBIL'ITY, INDIGEST'ION, want of digestion: painful digestion.--_adj._ INDIGEST'IBLE, not digestible: not easily digested: not to be received or patiently endured.--_adv._ INDIGEST'IBLY.--_adj._ INDIGEST'IVE, dyspeptic. [L. _indigestus_, unarranged--_in_, not, _diger[)e]re_, to arrange, digest.]

INDIGN, in-d[=i]n', _adj._ not worthy: disgraceful. [L. _in_, not, _dignus_, worthy.]

INDIGNANT, in-dig'nant, _adj._ affected with anger and disdain.--_n._ INDIG'NANCE (_Spens._).--_adv._ INDIG'NANTLY.--_n._ INDIGN[=A]'TION, the feeling caused by what is unworthy or base: anger mixed with contempt: effect of indignant feeling.--_v.t._ INDIG'NIFY (_Spens._), to treat indignantly or disdainfully.--_n._ INDIG'NITY, unmerited contemptuous treatment: incivility with contempt or insult: (_Spens._) unworthiness, base conduct. [L. _indignans_, -_antis_, pr.p. of _indign[=a]ri_, to consider as unworthy--_in_, not, _dignus_, worthy.]

INDIGO, in'di-go, _n._ a blue dye obtained from the stalks of the indigo plant.--INDIGO BLUE, the blue colouring matter of indigo, a crystalline solid, colourless and tasteless; INDIGO PLANT, a plant of the genus _Indigofera_, from which indigo is obtained. [Sp. _indico_--L. _indicum_, from _Indicus_, Indian.]

INDIRECT, in-di-rekt', _adj._ not direct or straight: not lineal or in direct succession: not related in the natural way, oblique: not straightforward or honest.--_adv._ INDIRECT'LY.--_ns._ INDIRECT'NESS, INDIREC'TION (_Shak._), indirect course or means, dishonest practice.--INDIRECT EVIDENCE, or TESTIMONY, circumstantial or inferential evidence; INDIRECT OBJECT (_gram._), a substantive word dependent on a verb less immediately than an accusative governed by it; INDIRECT SYLLOGISM (_logic_), a syllogism which can be made more cogent and useful by the process called reduction.

INDISCERNIBLE, in-diz-[.e]rn'i-bl, _adj._ not discernible.--_adv._ INDISCERN'IBLY.

INDISCIPLINE, in-dis'i-plin, _n._ want of discipline, disorder.--_adj._ INDIS'CIPLINABLE.

INDISCOVERABLE, in-dis-kuv'[.e]r-a-bl, _adj._ not discoverable.

INDISCREET, in-dis-kr[=e]t', _adj._ not discreet: imprudent: injudicious.--_adv._ INDISCREET'LY.--_ns._ INDISCREET'NESS, INDISCRETION (-kresh'-), want of discretion: rashness: an indiscreet act.

INDISCRIMINATE, in-dis-krim'i-n[=a]t, _adj._ not distinguishing: promiscuous.--_adv._ INDISCRIM'INATELY.--_adjs._ INDISCRIM'INATING, INDISCRIM'INATIVE, not discriminative.--_n._ INDISCRIMIN[=A]'TION.

INDISPENSABLE, in-dis-pens'a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be dispensed with: absolutely necessary.--_ns._ INDISPENSABIL'ITY, INDISPENS'ABLENESS.--_adv._ INDISPENS'ABLY.

INDISPOSE, in-dis-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to render indisposed, averse, or unfit.--_pa.p._ and _adj._ INDISPOSED', averse: slightly disordered in health.--_ns._ INDISPOS'EDNESS, INDISPOSI'TION, state of being indisposed: disinclination: slight illness.

INDISPUTABLE, in-dis'p[=u]-ta-bl, _adj._ certainly true: certain.--_n._ INDIS'PUTABLENESS.--_adv._ INDIS'PUTABLY.

INDISSOCIABLE, in-dis-[=o]'shi-a-bl, _adj._ incapable of being separated.

INDISSOLUBLE, in-dis'ol-[=u]-bl, _adj._ that cannot be broken or violated: inseparable: binding for ever.--_ns._ INDISS'OLUBLENESS, INDISSOLUBIL'ITY.--_adv._ INDISS'OLUBLY.

INDISSOLVABLE, in-dis-ol'va-bl, _adj._ that cannot be dissolved.

INDISTINCT, in-dis-tingkt', _adj._ not plainly marked: confused: not clear to the mind: dim, imperfect, as of the senses.--_adj._ INDISTINCT'IVE, not capable of making distinctions.--_n._ INDISTINCT'IVENESS.--_adv._ INDISTINCT'LY.--_ns._ INDISTINCT'NESS, INDISTINC'TION, confusion: absence of distinction, sameness.

INDISTINGUISHABLE, in-dis-ting'gwish-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be distinguished.--_n._ INDISTIN'GUISHABLENESS.--_adv._ INDISTIN'GUISHABLY.

INDITE, in-d[=i]t', _v.t._ to compose or write: (_B._) to arrange for utterance or writing: (_Shak._) to invite.--_v.i._ to compose.--_ns._ INDITE'MENT; INDIT'ER. [O. Fr. _enditer_, a doublet of indict.]

INDIUM, in'di-um, _n._ a soft malleable silver-white metallic element.

INDIVERTIBLE, in-di-vert'i-bl, _adj._ not capable of being turned aside out of a course.

INDIVIDABLE, in-di-v[=i]d'a-bl, _adj._ (_Shak._) that cannot be divided.

INDIVIDUAL, in-di-vid'[=u]-al, _adj._ not divisible without loss of identity: subsisting as one: pertaining to one only, of a group where each constituent is different from the others: (_Milt._) inseparable.--_n._ a single person, animal, plant, or thing.--_n._ INDIVIDUALIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ INDIVID'UAL[=I]SE, to stamp with individual character: to particularise.--_ns._ INDIVID'UALISM, individual character: independent action as opposed to co-operation: that theory which opposes interference of the State in the affairs of individuals, opposed to _Socialism_ or _Collectivism_: (_logic_) the doctrine that individual things alone are real: the doctrine that nothing exists but the individual self; INDIVID'UALIST.--_adj._ INDIVIDUALIST'IC.--_n._ INDIVIDUAL'ITY, separate and distinct existence: oneness: distinctive character.--_adv._ INDIVID'UALLY.--_v.t._ INDIVID'U[=A]TE, to individualise: to make single.--_n._ INDIVIDU[=A]'TION, the question as to what it is that distinguishes one organised or living being, or one thinking being, from all others. [L. _individuus_--_in_, not, _dividuus_, divisible--_divid[)e]re_, to divide.]

INDIVISIBLE, in-di-viz'i-bl, _adj._ not divisible.--_n._ (_math._) an indefinitely small quantity.--_ns._ INDIVISIBIL'ITY, INDIVIS'IBLENESS.--_adv._ INDIVIS'IBLY.

INDO-CHINESE, in'd[=o]-ch[=i]-n[=e]z', _adj._ of or pertaining to Indo-China, the south-eastern peninsula of Asia.

INDOCILE, in-d[=o]'s[=i]l, or in-dos'il, _adj._ not docile: not disposed to be instructed--also IND[=O]'CIBLE.--_n._ INDOCIL'ITY.

INDOCTRINATE, in-dok'trin-[=a]t, _v.t._ to instruct in any doctrine: to imbue with any opinion.--_ns._ INDOCTRIN[=A]'TION; INDOC'TRINATOR.

INDO-EUROPEAN, in'd[=o]-[=u]-r[=o]-p[=e]'an, _adj._ a term applied to the family of languages variously called Aryan, Japhetic, Sanscritic, Indo-Germanic, generally classified into seven great branches--viz. Indic, Iranian or Persic, Celtic, Greek, Italic, Slavo-Lettic, Teutonic.

INDOLENT, in'd[=o]-lent, _adj._ indisposed to activity.--_ns._ IN'DOLENCE, IN'DOLENCY.--_adv._ IN'DOLENTLY. [L. _in_, not, _dolens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _dol[=e]re_, to suffer pain.]

INDOMITABLE, in-dom'it-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be tamed: not to be subdued.--_adv._ INDOM'ITABLY.

INDOOR, in'd[=o]r, _adj._ performed indoors.--_adv._ IN'DOORS, within doors.--INDOOR RELIEF, support given to paupers in public buildings, as opposed to _Outdoor relief_, or help given them at their own homes.

INDORSE. See ENDORSE.

INDRA, in'dra, _n._ the god of the firmament and of rain. [Sans.]

INDRAUGHT, in'dräft, _n._ a drawing of something, as air, into a place.

INDRAWN, in'drawn, _adj._ drawn in: manifesting mental abstraction.

INDRENCH, in-drensh', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to overwhelm with water.

INDUBIOUS, in-d[=u]'bi-us, _adj._ not dubious: certain.

INDUBITABLE, in-d[=u]'bit-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be doubted: certain.--_n._ IND[=U]'BITABLENESS.--_adv._ IND[=U]'BITABLY.

INDUCE, in-d[=u]s', _v.t._ to prevail on: to cause or produce in any way: (_obs._) to place upon: (_physics_) to cause, as an electric state, by mere proximity of surfaces.--_ns._ INDUCE'MENT, that which induces or causes: incentive, motive: (_law_) a statement of facts introducing other important facts; INDUC'ER.--_adj._ IND[=U]'CIBLE.--INDUCED CURRENT (_elect._), a current set in action by the influence of the surrounding magnetic field, or by the variation of an adjacent current. [L. _induc[)e]re_, _inductum_--_in_, into, _duc[)e]re_, to lead.]

INDUCT, in-dukt', _v.t._ to introduce: to put in possession, as of a benefice.--_adj._ INDUC'TILE, that cannot be drawn out into wire or threads.--_ns._ INDUCTIL'ITY; INDUC'TION, introduction to an office, especially of a clergyman: an introduction, a prelude independent of the main work, but giving some notion of its aim and meaning: the act or process of reasoning from particular cases to general conclusions: (_physics_) the production by one body of an opposite electric state in another by proximity.--_adjs._ INDUC'TIONAL, INDUC'TIVE.--_n._ INDUC'TION-COIL, an electrical machine consisting of two coils of wire, in which every variation of the primary or inner current induces a current in the outer or secondary circuit.--_adv._ INDUC'TIVELY.--_n._ INDUC'TOR.--INDUCTION BY SIMPLE ENUMERATION, logical induction by enumeration of all the cases singly; INDUCTIVE PHILOSOPHY, Bacon's name for science founded on induction or observation; INDUCTIVE REASONING, opp. to _Deductive reasoning_ (see DEDUCTIVE); INDUCTIVE SCIENCE, any special branch of science founded on positive and observable fact. [See INDUCE.]

INDUE. See ENDUE.

INDULGE, in-dulj', _v.t._ to yield to the wishes of: not to restrain, as the will, &c.--_v.i._ (with _in_) to gratify one's appetites freely.--_ns._ INDUL'GENCE, gratification: forbearance of present payment: in the R.C. Church, a remission, to a repentant sinner, of the temporal punishment which remains due after the sin and its eternal punishment have been remitted (_Plenary_ indulgences, such as remit all; _Partial_, a portion of the temporal punishment due to sin; _Temporal_, those granted only for a time; _Perpetual_ or _Indefinite_, those which last till revoked; _Personal_, those granted to a particular person or confraternity; _Local_, those gained only in a particular place): exemption of an individual from an ecclesiastical law.--_adjs._ INDUL'GENT, yielding to the wishes of others: compliant: not severe; INDULGEN'TIAL.--_adv._ INDUL'GENTLY.--_ns._ INDUL'GER; INDULT', a license granted by the Pope, authorising something to be done which the common law of the Church does not sanction.--DECLARATION OF INDULGENCE, a proclamation of James II. in 1687, by which he promised to suspend all laws tending to force the conscience of his subjects. [L. _indulg[=e]re_, to be kind to--_in_, in, and prob. L. _dulcis_, sweet.]

INDULINE, in'd[=u]-lin, _n._ a name of various coal-tar colours used in dyeing cotton wool and silk dark-blue colours resembling indigo.

INDUMENTUM, in-d[=u]-men'tum, _n._ (_bot._) any hairy covering: plumage, of birds. [L.]

INDUPLICATE, in-d[=u]'pli-k[=a]t, _adj._ having the margins doubled inwards, said of the calyx or corolla in æstivation.--_n._ INDUPLIC[=A]'TION.

INDURATE, in'd[=u]-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to harden, as the feelings.--_v.i._ to grow hard: to harden.--_n._ INDUR[=A]'TION.--_adj._ IN'DURATIVE. [L. _indur[=a]re_, -_[=a]tum_--_in_, in, _dur[=a]re_, to harden.]

INDUSIUM, in-d[=u]'zi-um, _n._ (_bot._) a sort of hairy cup enclosing the stigma of a flower: the scale covering the fruit-spot of ferns.--_adj._ IND[=U]'SIAL (_geol._), composed of IND[=U]'SIA, or the petrified larva-cases of insects. [L.,--_indu[)e]re_, to put on.]

INDUSTRY, in'dus-tri, _n._ quality of being diligent: assiduity: steady application to labour: habitual diligence: manufacture: trade.--_adj._ INDUS'TRIAL, relating to or consisting in industry.--_n._ INDUS'TRIALISM, devotion to labour or industrial pursuits: that system or condition of society in which industrial labour is the chief and most characteristic feature, opposed to feudalism and the military spirit.--_adv._ INDUS'TRIALLY.--_adj._ INDUS'TRIOUS, diligent or active in one's labour: laborious: diligent in a particular pursuit.--_adv._ INDUS'TRIOUSLY.--INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION, MUSEUM, an exhibition, museum, of industrial products or manufactures; INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, a school in which agricultural or some other industrial art is taught: a school where neglected children are taught mechanical arts. [Fr.,--L.; perh. from _indo_, old form of _in_, within, and _stru[)e]re_, to build up.]

INDUVIÆ, in-d[=u]'vi-[=e], _n.pl._ (_bot._) the withered leaves which remain persistent on the stems of some plants.--_adjs._ IND[=U]'VIAL; IND[=U]'VIATE. [L.]

INDWELL, in'dwel, _v.i._ to dwell or abide in.--_n._ IN'DWELLER, an inhabitant.--_adj._ IN'DWELLING, dwelling within, abiding permanently in the mind or soul.--_n._ residence within, or in the heart or soul.

INEARTH, in-[.e]rth', _v.t._ to inter.

INEBRIATE, in-[=e]'bri-[=a]t, _v.t._ to make drunk, to intoxicate: to exhilarate greatly.--_adj._ drunk: intoxicated.--_n._ a habitual drunkard.--_adj._ IN[=E]'BRIANT, intoxicating--also _n._--_ns._ INEBRI[=A]'TION, INEBR[=I]'ETY, drunkenness: intoxication.--_adj._ IN[=E]'BRIOUS, drunk: causing intoxication. [L. _inebri[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, inten., _ebri[=a]re_, to make drunk--_ebrius_, drunk.]

INEDIBLE, in-ed'i-bl, _adj._ unfit to be eaten.

INEDITED, in-ed'it-ed, _adj._ not edited: unpublished.

INEFFABLE, in-ef'a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be described, inexpressible.--_n._ INEFF'ABLENESS.--_adv._ INEFF'ABLY. [Fr.,--L. _ineffabilis_--_in_, not, _effabilis_, effable.]

INEFFACEABLE, in-ef-f[=a]s'a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be rubbed out.--_adv._ INEFFACE'ABLY.

INEFFECTIVE, in-ef-fek'tiv, _adj._ not effective: useless.--_adv._ INEFFEC'TIVELY.--_adj._ INEFFEC'TUAL, fruitless.--_ns._ INEFFECTUAL'ITY, INEFFEC'TUALNESS.--_adv._ INEFFEC'TUALLY.--_adj._ INEFFIC[=A]'CIOUS, not having power to produce an effect.--_adv._ INEFFIC[=A]'CIOUSLY.--_n._ INEF'FICACY, want of efficacy.--_n._ INEFFIC'IENCY.--_adj._ INEFFIC'IENT, effecting, or capable of effecting, nothing.--_adv._ INEFFIC'IENTLY.

INELASTIC, in-[=e]-las'tik, _adj._ not elastic: incompressible.--_n._ INELASTIC'ITY.

INELEGANCE, in-el'e-gans, _n._ want of elegance: want of beauty or polish--also INEL'EGANCY.--_adj._ INEL'EGANT, wanting in beauty, refinement, or ornament.--_adv._ INEL'EGANTLY.

INELIGIBLE, in-el'i-ji-bl, _adj._ not capable, or worthy, of being chosen: unsuitable.--_n._ INELIGIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ INEL'IGIBLY.

INELOQUENT, in-el'o-kwent, _adj._ not fluent or persuasive.--_n._ INEL'OQUENCE.

INELUCTABLE, in-e-luk'ta-bl, _adj._ not to be overcome or escaped from.

INENARRABLE, in-e-nar'a-bl, _adj._ incapable of being narrated or told.

INEPT, in-ept', _adj._ not apt or fit: unsuitable: foolish: inexpert.--_ns._ INEPT'IT[=U]DE, INEPT'NESS.--_adv._ INEPT'LY. [Fr.,--L. _ineptus_--_in_, not, _aptus_, apt.]

INEQUABLE, in-[=e]'kwa-bl, _adj._ not equable, changeable.

INEQUALITY, in-e-kwol'i-ti, _n._ want of equality: difference: inadequacy: incompetency: unevenness: dissimilarity.

INEQUITABLE, in-ek'wi-ta-bl, _adj._ unfair, unjust.--_adv._ INEQ'UITABLY.--_n._ INEQ'UITY, lack of equity: an unjust action.

INERADICABLE, in-e-rad'i-ka-bl, _adj._ not able to be eradicated or rooted out.--_adv._ INERAD'ICABLY.

INERRABLE, in-er'a-bl, _adj._ incapable of erring.--_adv._ INERR'ABLY.--_n._ INERR'ANCY, freedom from error.--_adj._ INERR'ANT, unerring.

INERT, in-[.e]rt', _adj._ dull: senseless: inactive: slow: without the power of moving itself, or of active resistance to motion: powerless.--_n._ INER'TIA, inertness: the inherent property of matter by which it tends to remain for ever at rest when still, and in motion when moving.--_adv._ INERT'LY.--_n._ INERT'NESS. [Fr.,--L. _iners_--_in_, not, _ars_, art.]

INERUDITE, in-er'[=u]-d[=i]t, _adj._ not erudite: unlearned.

INESCAPABLE, in-es-k[=a]'pa-bl, _adj._ not to be escaped: inevitable.

INESCUTCHEON, in-es-kuch'un, _n._ (_her._) a single shield borne as a charge.

INESSENTIAL, in-es-sen'shal, _adj._ not essential or necessary: immaterial.

INESTIMABLE, in-es'tim-a-bl, _adj._ not able to be estimated or valued: priceless.--_adv._ INES'TIMABLY.

INEUNT, in'[=e]-unt, _n._ (_math._) a point of a curve. [_Iniens_, _ineunt-is_, pr.p. of _in[=i]re_, to go in.]

INEVITABLE, in-ev'it-a-bl, _adj._ not able to be evaded or avoided: that cannot be escaped: irresistible.--_n._ INEV'ITABLENESS.--_adv._ INEV'ITABLY.--THE INEVITABLE, that which is sure to happen. [Fr.,--L. _inevitabilis_--_in_, not, _evitabilis_, avoidable--_evit[=a]re_, to avoid--_e_, out of, _vit[=a]re_, to avoid.]

INEXACT, in-egz-akt', _adj._ not precisely correct or true.--_ns._ INEXACT'ITUDE, INEXACT'NESS.

INEXCUSABLE, in-eks-k[=u]z'a-bl, _adj._ not justifiable: unpardonable.--_ns._ INEXCUSABIL'ITY, INEXCUS'ABLENESS.--_adv._ INEXCUS'ABLY.

INEXECRABLE, in-ek'se-krä-bl, _adj._ prob. for _inexorable_ in Shak., _Merchant of Venice_, IV. i. 128.

INEXECUTABLE, in-ek-se-k[=u]t'a-bl, _adj._ incapable of being executed.--_n._ INEXEC[=U]'TION.

INEXHAUSTED, in-egz-hawst'ed, _adj._ not exhausted or spent.--_n._ INEXHAUSTIBIL'ITY.--_adj._ INEXHAUST'IBLE, not able to be exhausted or spent: unfailing.--_adv._ INEXHAUST'IBLY.--_adj._ INEXHAUST'IVE, not to be exhausted: unfailing: not exhaustive.

INEXISTENCE, in-eg-zist'ens, _n._ non-existence.--_adj._ INEXIST'ENT.

INEXORABLE, in-egz'or-a-bl, _adj._ not to be moved by entreaty: unrelenting: unalterable.--_ns._ INEX'ORABLENESS, INEXORABIL'ITY.--_adv._ INEX'ORABLY.--INEXORABLE logic of facts, Mazzini's phrase for the inexorable force of circumstances, whose conclusions are beyond the reach of argument. [L.,--_in_, not, _exorabilis_--_exor[=a]re_--_ex_, out of, _or[=a]re_, to entreat.]

INEXPANSIBLE, in-eks-pan'si-bl, _adj._ incapable of being expanded.

INEXPECTANT, in-eks-pek'tant, _adj._ not expecting.

INEXPEDIENT, in-eks-p[=e]'di-ent, _adj._ not tending to promote any end: unfit: inconvenient.--_ns._ INEXP[=E]'DIENCE, INEXP[=E]'DIENCY.--_adv._ INEXP[=E]'DIENTLY.

INEXPENSIVE, in-eks-pens'iv, _adj._ of slight expense.

INEXPERIENCE, in-eks-p[=e]'ri-ens, _n._ want of experience.--_adj._ INEXP[=E]'RIENCED, not having experience: unskilled or unpractised.

INEXPERT, in-eks-p[.e]rt', _adj._ unskilled.--_n._ INEXPERT'NESS.

INEXPIABLE, in-eks'pi-a-bl, _adj._ not able to be expiated or atoned for, implacable.--_n._ INEX'PIABLENESS.--_adv._ INEX'PIABLY.

INEXPLICABLE, in-eks'pli-ka-bl, _adj._ that cannot be explained: unintelligible.--_ns._ INEXPLICABIL'ITY, INEX'PLICABLENESS.--_adv._ INEX'PLICABLY.

INEXPLICIT, in-eks-plis'it, _adj._ not clear.

INEXPLORABLE, in-eks-pl[=o]r'a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be explored or discovered.

INEXPLOSIVE, in-eks-pl[=o]'siv, _adj._ not explosive.

INEXPRESSIBLE, in-eks-pres'i-bl, _adj._ that cannot be expressed: unutterable: indescribable.--_n.pl._ (_coll._ and supposed to be _humorous_) trousers.--_adv._ INEXPRESS'IBLY.--_adj._ INEXPRESS'IVE, not expressive or significant.--_n._ INEXPRESS'IVENESS.

INEXPUGNABLE, in-eks-pug'na-bl (or -p[=u]'-), _adj._ not to be overcome by force.--_adv._ INEXPUG'NABLY.

INEXTENDED, in-eks-tend'ed, _adj._ not extended, without extension.--_n._ INEXTENSIBIL'ITY.--_adj._ INEXTEN'SIBLE.--_n._ INEXTEN'SION.

INEXTINGUISHABLE, in-eks-ting'gwish-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be extinguished, quenched, or destroyed.--_adv._ INEXTIN'GUISHABLY.

INEXTRICABLE, in-eks'tri-ka-bl, _adj._ not able to be extricated or disentangled.--_adv._ INEX'TRICABLY.

INFALL, in'fal, _n._ (_Carlyle_) an inroad.

INFALLIBLE, in-fal'i-bl, _adj._ incapable of error: trustworthy: certain.--_ns._ INFALL'IBILISM; INFALL'IBILIST; INFALLIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ INFALL'IBLY.--THE DOCTRINE OF INFALLIBILITY in the R.C. Church, since 1870, is that the Pope, when speaking _ex cathedrâ_, is kept from error in all that regards faith and morals.

INFAMOUS, in'fa-mus, _adj._ having a reputation of the worst kind: publicly branded with guilt: notoriously vile: disgraceful.--_vs.t._ INFAME', to defame; IN'FAMISE, INFAM'ONISE (_Shak._), to defame, to brand with infamy.--_adv._ IN'FAMOUSLY.--_n._ IN'FAMY, ill fame or repute: public disgrace: extreme vileness: (_law_) a stigma attaching to the character of a person so as to disqualify him from being a witness. [Fr.,--L. _in_, not, _fama_, fame.]

INFANT, in'fant, _n._ a babe: (_Eng. law_) a person under twenty-one years of age.--_adj._ belonging to infants or to infancy: tender: intended for infants.--_v.t._ (_obs._) to have as an infant: to give rise to.--_n._ IN'FANCY, the state or time of being an infant: childhood: the beginning of anything: (_Milt._) want of distinct utterance.--_adjs._ INFANTILE (in'fant-[=i]l, or -il), INFANTINE (in'fant-[=i]n, or -in), pertaining to infancy or to an infant. [L. _infans_, _-antis_--_in_, not, _fans_, _pr.p._ of _f[=a]ri_, to speak; Gr. _ph[=e]mi_.]

INFANTA, in-fan'ta, _n._ a title given to any one of the legitimate daughters of the kings of Spain and Portugal, except the heiress-apparent, or to any one married to an Infante.--_n._ INFANTE (in-fan't[=a]), a title given to any one of the legitimate sons of the kings of Spain and Portugal, except the heir-apparent. [Sp. from root of _infant_.]

INFANTICIDE, in-fant'i-s[=i]d, _n._ child murder; the murderer of an infant.--_adj._ INFANT'ICIDAL. [Fr.,--L. _infanticidium_--_infans_, an infant, _cæd[)e]re_, to kill.]

INFANTRY, in'fant-ri, _n._ foot-soldiers. [Fr. _infanterie_--It. _infanteria_--_infante_, _fante_, a child, a servant, a foot-soldier--L. _infantem_, _infans_.]

INFATUATE, in-fat'[=u]-[=a]t, _v.t._ to make foolish: to affect with folly: to deprive of judgment: to inspire with foolish passion: to stupefy.--_adj._ infatuated or foolish.--_n._ INFATU[=A]'TION. [L. _infatu[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, in, _fatuus_, foolish.]

INFAUST, in-fawst', _adj._ unlucky: unfortunate. [L. _infaustus_--_in_, not, _faustus_, propitious.]

INFEASIBLE, in-f[=e]z'i-bl, _adj._ not feasible: that cannot be done or accomplished.--_n._ INFEASIBIL'ITY, the state of being infeasible or impracticable.

INFECT, in-fekt', _v.t._ to taint, especially with disease: to corrupt: to poison.--_adj._ (_Shak._) tainted.--_n._ INFEC'TION, act of infecting: that which infects or taints.--_adjs._ INFEC'TIOUS, INFECT'IVE, having the quality of infecting: corrupting: apt to spread.--_adv._ INFEC'TIOUSLY.--_n._ INFEC'TIOUSNESS. [Fr.,--L. _infic[)e]re_, _infectum_--_in_, into _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

INFECUNDITY, in-fe-kun'di-ti, _n._ want of fecundity or fertility: unfruitfulness.--_adj._ INFEC'UND.

INFEFTMENT, in-feft'ment, _n._ a Scotch law term, used to denote the symbolical giving possession of land, which was the completion of the title.--INFEFF'=ENFEOFF.

INFELICITOUS, in-fe-lis'i-tus, _adj._ not felicitous or happy: inappropriate, inapt.--_n._ INFELIC'ITY, want of felicity or happiness, misery, misfortune: unsuitableness: anything unsuitable or improper.

INFELONIOUS, in-fe-l[=o]'ni-us, _adj._ not felonious.

INFELT, in'felt, _adj._ felt deeply, heart-felt.

INFER, in-f[.e]r', _v.t._ to deduce, to derive, as a consequence: to prove or imply.--_v.i._ to conclude:--_pr.p._ infer'ring; _pa.p._ inferred'.--_adjs._ INFER'ABLE, INFER'RIBLE, that may be inferred or deduced.--_n._ IN'FERENCE, that which is inferred or deduced: the act of drawing a conclusion from premises, conclusion, consequence.--_adj._ INFEREN'TIAL, deducible or deduced by inference.--_adv._ INFEREN'TIALLY. [Fr.,--L. _inferre_--_in_, into, _ferre_, to bring.]

INFERIÆ, in-f[=e]'ri-[=e], _n.pl._ offerings to the manes of the dead. [L.]

INFERIOR, in-f[=e]'ri-ur, _adj._ lower in any respect: subordinate: secondary.--_n._ one lower in rank or station: one younger than another.--_n._ INFERIOR'ITY, the state of being inferior: a lower position in any respect.--_adv._ INF[=E]'RIORLY, in an inferior manner. [L. _inferior_, comp. of _inferus_, low.]

INFERNAL, in-f[.e]r'nal, _adj._ belonging to the lower regions: resembling or suitable to hell, devilish: outrageous.--_n._ INFERNAL'ITY.--_adv._ INFER'NALLY.--_n._ INFER'NO (_It._), hell, the title and the subject of one of the divisions of Dante's great poem, _La Divina Commedia_.--INFERNAL MACHINE, a contrivance made to resemble some ordinary harmless object, but charged with a dangerous explosive. [Fr.,--L. _infernus_--_inferus_.]

INFERTILE, in-f[.e]r-til, _adj._ not productive: barren.--_n._ INFERTIL'ITY.

INFEST, in-fest', _v.t._ to disturb: to harass.--_adj._ (_Spens._) hostile: troublesome.--_n._ INFEST[=A]'TION (_Milt._), molestation. [Fr.,--L. _infest[=a]re_, from _infestus_, hostile, from _in_ and an old verb _fendere_, to strike, found in _of-fend[)e]re_, _de-fend[)e]re_.]

INFEUDATION, in-f[=u]-d[=a]'shun, _n._ the putting of an estate in fee: the granting of tithes to laymen.

INFIBULATE, in-fib'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to clasp with a padlock.--_n._ INFIBUL[=A]'TION, act of confining, esp. the sexual organs.

INFIDEL, in'fi-del, _adj._ unbelieving: sceptical: disbelieving Christianity.--_n._ one who rejects Christianity as a divine revelation, but the word is not used of heathens.--_n._ INFIDEL'ITY, want of faith or belief: disbelief in Christianity: unfaithfulness, esp. to the marriage contract: treachery. [Fr.,--L. _infidelis_--_in_, not, _fidelis_, faithful--_fides_, faith.]

INFIELD, in'f[=e]ld, _n._ in base-ball, the space enclosed within the base-lines: (_Scot._) land under tillage:--opp. to _Outfield_.--_v.t._ to enclose.

INFIGHTING, in'f[=i]t-ing, _n._ boxing at close quarters when blows from the shoulder cannot be given.

INFILTRATE, in-fil'tr[=a]t, _v.t._ to enter a substance by filtration, or through its pores.--_v.t._ INFIL'TER, to filter or sift in.--_n._ INFILTR[=A]'TION, the process of infiltrating, or the substance infiltrated.

INFINITE, in'fin-it, _adj._ without end or limit: without bounds: (_math._) either greater or smaller than any quantity that can be assigned.--_n._ that which is not only without determinate bounds, but which cannot possibly admit of bound or limit: the Absolute, the Infinite Being or God.--_adjs._ INFIN'ITANT, denoting merely negative attribution; INFIN'ITARY, pertaining to infinity.--_v.t._ INFIN'IT[=A]TE, to make infinite.--_adv._ IN'FINITELY.--_n._ IN'FINITENESS, the state of being infinite: immensity.--_adj._ INFINITES'IMAL, infinitely small.--_n._ an infinitely small quantity.--_adv._ INFINITES'IMALLY.--_adj._ INFINI'TO (_mus._), perpetual.--_ns._ INFIN'IT[=U]DE, INFIN'ITY, boundlessness: immensity: countless or indefinite number.

INFINITIVE, in-fin'it-iv, _adj._ (_lit._) unlimited, unrestricted: (_gram._) the mood of the verb which expresses the idea without person or number.--_adj._ INFINIT[=I]'VAL.--_adv._ INFIN'ITIVELY. [Fr.,--L. _infinitivus_.]

INFIRM, in-f[.e]rm', _adj._ feeble: sickly: weak: not solid: irresolute: imbecile.--_ns._ INFIRM[=A]'RIAN, an officer in a monastery having charge of the quarters for the sick; INFIRM'ARY, a hospital or place for the treatment of the sick; INFIRM'ITY, disease: failing: defect: imbecility.--_adv._ INFIRM'LY. [O. Fr.,--L. _infirmus_--_in_, not, _firmus_, strong.]

INFIX, in-fiks', _v.t._ to fix in: to drive or fasten in: to set in by piercing. [O. Fr.,--L. _infixus_--_in_, in, _fig[)e]re_, _fixum_, to fix.]

INFLAME, in-fl[=a]m', _v.t._ to cause to flame: to cause to burn: to excite: to increase: to exasperate.--_v.i._ to become hot, painful, or angry.--_ns._ INFLAMMABIL'ITY, INFLAM'MABLENESS, the quality of being inflammable.--_adj._ INFLAM'MABLE, that may be burned: combustible: easily kindled or excited.--_adv._ INFLAM'MABLY.--_n._ INFLAMM[=A]'TION, state of being in flame: heat of a part of the body, with pain, redness, and swelling: violent excitement: heat.--_adj._ INFLAM'MATORY, tending to inflame: inflaming: exciting. [O. Fr.,--L. _inflamm[=a]re_--_in_, into, _flamma_, a flame.]

INFLATE, in-fl[=a]t', _v.t._ to swell with air: to puff up, elate.--_adj._ INFLAT'ED, swollen or blown out: turgid.--_adv._ INFLAT'INGLY.--_ns._ INFL[=A]'TION, state of being puffed up; INFL[=A]'TUS, a breathing into: inspiration. [L. _infl[=a]re_, -_[=a]tum_--_in_, into, _fl[=a]re_, to blow.]

INFLECT, in-flekt', _v.t._ to bend in: to turn from a direct line or course: to modulate, as the voice: (_gram._) to vary in the terminations.--_ns._ INFLEC'TION, INFLEX'ION, a bending or deviation: modulation of the voice: (_gram._) the varying in termination to express the relations of case, number, gender, person, tense, &c.--_adjs._ INFLEC'TIONAL, INFLEX'IONAL; INFLEC'TIONLESS, INFLEX'IONLESS; INFLECT'IVE, subject to inflection; INFLEXED', bent inward: bent: turned.--_ns._ INFLEXIBIL'ITY, INFLEX'IBLENESS.--_adj._ INFLEX'IBLE, that cannot be bent: unyielding: unbending.--_adv._ INFLEX'IBLY.--_n._ INFLEX'URE, a bend or fold. [L. _inflect[)e]re_--_in_, in, _flect[)e]re_, _flexum_, to bend.]

INFLICT, in-flikt', _v.t._ to lay on: to impose, as punishment.--_n._ INFLIC'TION, act of inflicting or imposing: punishment applied.--_adj._ INFLICT'IVE, tending or able to inflict. [L. _inflictus_, _inflig[)e]re_--_in_, against, _flig[)e]re_, to strike.]

INFLORESCENCE, in-flor-es'ens, _n._ character or mode of flowering of a plant. [Fr.,--L. _inflorescens_--_infloresc[)e]re_, to begin to blossom.]

INFLOW, in'fl[=o], _n._ the act of flowing in or into, influx.

INFLUENCE, in'fl[=oo]-ens, _n._ power exerted on men or things: power in operation: authority.--_v.t._ to affect: to move: to direct.--_adj._ INFLUEN'TIAL, having or exerting influence or power over.--_adv._ INFLUEN'TIALLY. [Orig. a term in astrology, the power or virtue supposed to flow from planets upon men and things; O. Fr.,--Low L. _influentia_--L. _in_, into, _flu[)e]re_, to flow.]

INFLUENT, in'fl[=oo]-ent, _adj._ flowing in.

INFLUENZA, in-fl[=oo]-en'za, _n._ a severe epidemic catarrh, accompanied with weakening fever. [It.,--L., a by-form of _influence_.]

INFLUX, in'fluks, _n._ a flowing in: infusion: abundant accession.--_n._ INFLUX'ION, infusion. [L. _influxus_--_influ[)e]re_.]

INFOLD. See ENFOLD.

INFORM, in-form', _v.t._ to give form to: to animate or give life to: to impart knowledge to: to tell: (_Milt._) to direct.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) to take shape or form: to give information (with _against_ or _on_).--_adj._ INFORM'AL, not in proper form: irregular.--_n._ INFORMAL'ITY.--_adv._ INFORM'ALLY.--_ns._ INFORM'ANT, one who informs or gives intelligence; INFORM[=A]'TION, intelligence given: knowledge: an accusation given to a magistrate or court.--_adjs._ INFORM'ATIVE, having power to form: instructive; INFORM'ATORY, instructive; INFORMED' (_Spens._), unformed: (_astron._) of stars not included within the figures of any of the ancient constellations.--_n._ INFORM'ER, one who informs against another. [O. Fr.,--L. _inform[=a]re_--_in_, into, _form[=a]re_, to form.]

INFORMIDABLE, in-for'mi-da-bl, _adj._ (_Milt._) not formidable.

INFORTUNE, in-for't[=u]n, _n._ misfortune.

INFRACOSTAL, in-fra-kos'tal, _adj._ situated beneath the ribs.

INFRACTION, in-frak'shun, _n._ violation, esp. of law: breach.--_v.t._ INFRACT', to break off.--_n._ INFRAC'TOR, one who infracts. [L.,--_in_, in, _frang[)e]re_, _fractum_, to break.]

INFRAGRANT, in-fr[=a]'grant, _adj._ not fragrant.

INFRAHUMAN, in-fra-h[=u]'man, _adj._ having qualities lower than human.

INFRALAPSARIANISM, in-frä-lap-s[=a]'ri-an-izm, _n._ (_theol._) the common Augustinian and Calvinist doctrine, that God for His own glory determined to create the world, to permit the fall of men, to elect from the mass of fallen men an innumerable multitude as 'vessels of mercy,' to send His Son for their redemption, to leave the residue of mankind to suffer the just punishment of their sins--distinct both from the _Supralapsarianism_ of the strictest Calvinists and the _Sublapsarianism_ held by moderate Calvinists.--_n._ INFRALAPS[=A]'RIAN, one who holds the foregoing. [L. _infra_, below, after, _lapsus_, the fall.]

INFRAMAXILLARY, in-fra-mak'si-la-ri, _adj._ situated under the jaw: belonging to the lower jaw.

INFRAMUNDANE, in-fra-mun'd[=a]n, _adj._ lying or being beneath the world. [L. _infra_, beneath, _mundus_, the world.]

INFRANGIBLE, in-fran'ji-bl, _adj._ that cannot be broken: not to be violated.--_ns._ INFRANGIBIL'ITY, INFRAN'GIBLENESS.

INFRAORBITAL, in-fra-or'bi-tal, _adj._ situated below the orbit of the eye.

INFRASCAPULAR, in-fra-skap'[=u]-lar, _adj._ situated below the scapula.

INFREQUENT, in-fr[=e]'kwent, _adj._ seldom occurring: rare: uncommon.--_ns._ INFR[=E]'QUENCE, INFR[=E]'QUENCY.--_adv._ INFR[=E]'QUENTLY.

INFRINGE, in-frinj', _v.t._ to violate, esp. law: to neglect to obey.--_n._ INFRINGE'MENT, breach: violation: non-fulfilment. [L. _infring[)e]re_--_in_, in, _frang[)e]re_.]

INFRUCTUOUS, in-fruk't[=u]-us, _adj._ not fruitful.--_adv._ INFRUC'TUOUSLY.

INFULA, in'f[=u]-la, _n._ a white-and-red fillet or band of woollen stuff, worn upon the forehead, as a sign of religious consecration and of inviolability: a lappet in a mitre:--_pl._ IN'FULÆ ([=e]). [L.]

INFUMATION, in-f[=u]m-[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of drying in smoke.--_v.t._ IN'FUMATE. [L. _infum[=a]re_, -_[=a]tum_--_in_, in, _fum[=a]re_, to smoke--_fumus_, smoke.]

INFUNDIBULAR, in-fun-dib'[=u]-lar, _adj._ having the form of a funnel.--Also INFUNDIB'ULATE, INFUNDIB'ULIFORM. [L. _in_, in, _fund[)e]re_, to pour.]

INFURIATE, in-f[=u]'ri-[=a]t, _v.t._ to enrage: to madden.--_adj._ enraged: mad. [L. _in_, in, _furi[=a]re_, -_[=a]tum_, to madden--_fur[)e]re_, to rave.]

INFUSCATE, in-fus'k[=a]t, _adj._ clouded with brown.

INFUSE, in-f[=u]z', _v.t._ to pour into: to inspire with: to introduce: to steep in liquor without boiling: (_Shak._) to shed, pour.--_n._ (_Spens._) infusion.--_adj._ INFUS'IBLE.--_n._ INF[=U]'SION, the pouring of water over any substance, in order to extract its active qualities: a solution in water of an organic, esp. a vegetable, substance: the liquor so obtained: inspiration: instilling.--_adj._ INFUS'IVE, having the power of infusion, or of being infused. [L. _infund[)e]re_, _infusum_--_in_, into, _fund[)e]re_, _fusum_, to pour.]

INFUSIBLE, in-f[=u]z'i-bl, _adj._ that cannot be dissolved or melted.

INFUSORIA, in-f[=u]-s[=o]'ri-a, _n.pl._ a name given to several classes of active Protozoa, some of which appear in great numbers in stagnant infusions of animal or vegetable material.--_adjs._ INFUS[=O]'RIAL, INF[=U]'SORY, composed of or containing infusoria.--_n._ and _adj._ INFUS[=O]'RIAN.--INFUSORIAL EARTH, a siliceous deposit formed chiefly of the frustates of Diatoms--used as _Tripoli powder_ for polishing purposes. [L.]

INGATE, in'g[=a]t, _n._ (_Spens._) a way in, entrance.

INGATHERING, in'gä_th_-[.e]r-ing, _n._ the collecting and securing of the fruits of the earth: harvest.--FEAST OF INGATHERING (see TABERNACLES, FEAST OF).

INGEMINATE, in-jem'in-[=a]t, _v.t._ to repeat.--_n._ INGEMIN[=A]'TION. [L. _ingemin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, in, _geminus_, twin.]

INGENER, in-j[=e]'n[.e]r, _n._ (_Shak._) an ingenious person: a contriver: a designer.

INGENERATE, in-jen'[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.t._ to generate or produce within.--_adj._ inborn: innate.

INGENIOUS, in-j[=e]'ni-us, _adj._ of good natural abilities: skilful in inventing: witty.--_adv._ ING[=E]'NIOUSLY.--_ns._ ING[=E]'NIOUSNESS, INGEN[=U]'ITY, power of ready invention: facility in combining ideas: curiousness in design; ING[=E]'NIUM, bent of mind. [L. _ingeniosus_--_ingenium_, mother-wit, from _in_, and _gen_, root of _gign[)e]re_, to beget.]

INGENUOUS, in-jen'[=u]-us, _adj._ frank: honourable: free from deception.--_adv._ INGEN'UOUSLY--_n._ INGEN'UOUSNESS. [L. _ingenuus_.]

INGEST, in-jest', _v.t._ to throw into the stomach.--_n.pl._ INGEST'A, substances introduced into an organic body.--_n._ INGEST'ION:--opp. to _Egestion_.

INGLE, ing'gl, _n._ (_Scot._) a fire: fireplace.--_ns._ ING'LE-CHEEK, ING'LESIDE (_Scot._), a fireside. [Gael. _aingeal_; but prob. L.--_igniculus_, dim. of _ignis_, fire.]

INGLE, ing'gl, _n._ a familiar friend. [Origin obscure.]

INGLOBE, in-gl[=o]b', _v.t._ (_Milt._) to encircle: involve.--_adj._ INGLOB'[=A]TE, in the form of a globe or sphere.

INGLORIOUS, in-gl[=o]'ri-us, _adj._ not glorious: without honour: shameful.--_adv._ INGL[=O]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ INGL[=O]'RIOUSNESS.

INGLUVIES, in-gl[=oo]'vi-[=e]z, _n._ the crop or craw of birds.--_adj._ INGLU'VIAL. [L.]

INGOING, in'-g[=o]-ing, _n._ a going in: entrance.--_adj._ going in: entering as an occupant.

INGOT, in'got, _n._ a mass of unwrought metal, esp. gold or silver, cast in a mould. [A.S. _in_, in, and _goten_, pa.p. of _geótan_, to pour; Ger. _giessen_, Goth. _giutan._ The Ger. _einguss_ is an exact parallel to _ingot_.]

INGRAFT. See ENGRAFT.

INGRAIN, in'gr[=a]n', _v.t._ the same as ENGRAIN.--_adj._ dyed in the yarn or thread before manufacture.

INGRATE, in'gr[=a]t, _n._ (_Milt._) one who is ungrateful.--_adj._ INGRATE'FUL, unthankful.

INGRATIATE, in-gr[=a]'shi-[=a]t, _v.t._ to commend to grace or favour (used reflexively, and followed by with): to secure the good-will of another. [L. _in_, into, _gratia_, favour.]

INGRATITUDE, in-grat'i-t[=u]d, _n._ unthankfulness: the return of evil for good. [Low L. _ingratitudo_--L. _ingratus_, unthankful.]

INGREDIENT, in-gr[=e]'di-ent, _n._ that which enters into compound: a component part of anything. [Fr.,--L. _ingrediens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _ingredi_--_in_, into, _gradi_, to enter.]

INGRESS, in'gres, _n._ entrance: power, right, or means of entrance.--_n._ INGRESS'ION. [L. _ingressus_--_ingredi_.]

INGROOVE. See ENGROOVE.

INGROSS, in-gr[=o]s', _v.t._ (_Shak._). Same as ENGROSS.

INGROWING, in'gr[=o]-ing, _adj._ growing inward.--_n._ IN'GROWTH.

INGUILTY, in-gilt'i, _adj._ (_Shak._) not guilty.

INGUINAL, ing'gwin-al, _adj._ relating to the groin. [L. _inguinalis_--_inguen_, _inguinus_, the groin.]

INGULF. See ENGULF.

INGURGITATE, in-gur'ji-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to swallow up greedily, as in a gulf.--_n._ INGURGIT[=A]'TION. [L. _ingurgit[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, into, _gurges_, a whirlpool.]

INHABIT, in-hab'it, _v.t._ to dwell in: to occupy.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) to dwell.--_adj._ INHAB'ITABLE, that may be inhabited.--_ns._ INHAB'ITANCE, INHAB'ITANCY, the act of inhabiting: actual residence; INHAB'ITANT, one who inhabits: a resident.--_adj._ resident.--_ns._ INHABIT[=A]'TION, the act of inhabiting: dwelling-place: (_Milt._) population; INHAB'ITER (_B._), an inhabitant; INHAB'ITIVENESS, love of locality and home; INHAB'ITRESS, a female inhabitant. [Fr.,--L., from _in_, in, _habit[=a]re_, to dwell.]

INHALE, in-h[=a]l', _v.t._ to draw in the breath, to draw into the lungs, as air.--_adjs._ INH[=A]'LANT, INH[=A]'LENT.--_ns._ INHAL[=A]'TION, the drawing into the lungs, as air, or fumes; INHAL'ER. [L. _inhal[=a]re_, to breathe upon--_in_, upon, _hal[=a]re_, to breathe.]

INHARMONIOUS, in-har-m[=o]'ni-us, _adj._ discordant, unmusical.--_adjs._ INHARMON'IC, -AL, wanting harmony: inharmonious.--_adv._ INHARM[=O]'NIOUSLY.--_ns._ INHARM[=O]'NIOUSNESS; INHAR'MONY, want of harmony.

INHAUST, in'häst, _v.t._ (_humorous_) to drink in. [L. _in_, in, _haur[=i]re_, _haustum_, to draw.]

INHEARSE, in-h[.e]rs'; _v.t._ (_Shak._) to enclose in a hearse, to bury.

INHERE, in-h[=e]r', _v.i._ to stick fast: to remain firm in.--_ns._ INHER'ENCE, INHER'ENCY, a sticking fast: existence in something else: a fixed state of being in another body or substance.--_adj._ INHER'ENT, sticking fast: existing in and inseparable from something else: innate: natural.--_adv._ INHER'ENTLY. [L. _inhær[=e]re_--_in_, in, _hær[=e]re_, to stick.]

INHERIT, in-her'it, _v.t._ to take as heir or by descent from an ancestor: to possess.--_v.i._ to enjoy, as property.--_adj._ INHER'ITABLE, same as HERITABLE.--_ns._ INHER'ITANCE, that which is or may be inherited: an estate derived from an ancestor: hereditary descent: natural gift: possession; INHER'ITOR, one who inherits or may inherit: an heir:--_fem._ INHER'ITRESS, INHER'ITRIX. [O. Fr. _enhériter_--Low L. _heredit[=a]re_, to inherit--L. _in_, in, _heres_, an heir.]

INHESION, in-h[=e]'zhun. Same as INHERENCE.

INHIBIT, in-hib'it, _v.t._ to hold in or back: to keep back: to check.--_n._ INHIBI'TION, the act of inhibiting or restraining: the state of being inhibited: prohibition: a writ from a higher court to an inferior judge to stay proceedings.--_adj._ INHIB'ITORY, prohibitory. [L. _inhib[=e]re_, _-hibitum_--_in_, in, _hab[=e]re_, to have.]

INHOLDER, in-h[=o]ld'[.e]r, _n._ (_Spens._) an inhabitant.

INHOOP, in-h[=oo]p', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to confine, as in a hoop or enclosure.

INHOSPITABLE, in-hos'pit-a-bl, _adj._ affording no kindness to strangers.--_ns._ INHOS'PITABLENESS, INHOSPITAL'ITY, want of hospitality or courtesy to strangers.--_adv._ INHOS'PITABLY.

INHUMAN, in-h[=u]'man, _adj._ barbarous: cruel: unfeeling.--_n._ INHUMAN'ITY, the state of being inhuman: barbarity: cruelty.--_adv._ INH[=U]'MANLY.

INHUME, in-h[=u]m', _v.t._ to inter.--_n._ INHUM[=A]'TION, the act of depositing in the ground: burial. [L. _inhum[=a]re_--_in_, in, _humus_, the ground.]

INIMICAL, in-im'i-kal, _adj._ like an enemy, not friendly: contrary: repugnant.--_adv._ INIM'ICALLY. [L. _inimicalis_--_inimicus_--_in_, not, _amicus_, friendly.]

INIMITABLE, in-im'it-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be imitated: surpassingly excellent.--_ns._ INIMITABIL'ITY, INIM'ITABLENESS, the quality of being inimitable.--_adv._ INIM'ITABLY.

INION, in'i-on, _n._ the external occipital protuberance:--_pl._ IN'IA. [Gr.]

INIQUITY, in-ik'wi-ti, _n._ want of equity or fairness: injustice: wickedness: a crime: one of the names of the Vice, the established buffoon of the old Moralities.--_adj._ INIQ'UITOUS, unjust: unreasonable: wicked.--_adv._ INIQ'UITOUSLY. [Fr.,--L. _iniquitatem_--_iniquus_, unequal--_in_, not, _æquus_, equal.]

INITIAL, in-ish'al, _adj._ commencing: placed at the beginning.--_n._ the letter beginning a word, esp. a name.--_v.t._ to put the initials of one's name to:--_pr.p._ init'ialing (-alling); _pa.p._ init'ialed (-alled).--_v.t._ INIT'I[=A]TE, to make a beginning: to instruct in principles: to acquaint with: to introduce into a new state or society.--_v.i._ to perform the first act or rite.--_n._ one who is initiated.--_adj._ fresh: unpractised.--_n._ INITI[=A]'TION, act or process of initiating: act of admitting to any society, by instructing in its rules and ceremonies.--_adj._ INIT'I[=A]TIVE, serving to initiate: introductory.--_n._ an introductory step: the power or right of commencing.--_adj._ INIT'I[=A]TORY, tending to initiate: introductory.--_n._ introductory rite. [L. _initialis_--_initium_, a beginning, _in[=i]re_, _in[=i]tum_--_in_, into, _[=i]re_, _[=i]tum_, to go.]

INJECT, in-jekt', _v.t._ to throw into: to cast on: to make to pass in or into.--_ns._ INJEC'TION, act of injecting or throwing in or into: the act of filling the vessels of an animal body with any liquid: a liquid to be injected into any part of the body; INJEC'TOR, one who injects: something used for injecting, especially an apparatus by which a stream of water is forced into a steam-boiler. [L. _injic[)e]re_, _injectum_--_in_, into, _jac[)e]re_, to throw.]

INJELLY, in-jel'i, _v.t._ (_Tenn._) to place, as if in jelly.

INJOINT, in-joint', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to join.

INJUDICIOUS, in-j[=oo]-dish'us, _adj._ void of or wanting in judgment: imprudent: inconsiderate.--_adj._ INJUDIC'IAL, not according to law-forms.--_adv._ INJUDIC'IOUSLY.--_n._ INJUDIC'IOUSNESS.

INJUNCTION, in-jungk'shun, _n._ act of enjoining or commanding: an order: a precept: exhortation: an introductory writ by which a superior court stops or prevents some inequitable or illegal act being done--called in Scotland an _interdict_: (_Milt._) conjunction. [Low L. _injunction-em_--_in_, in, _jung[)e]re_, _junctum_, to join.]

INJURE, in'j[=oo]r, _v.t._ to wrong, harm: to damage: to annoy.--_n._ IN'JURER, one who injures.--_adj._ INJU'RIOUS, tending to injure: unjust: wrongful: mischievous: damaging reputation.--_adv._ INJU'RIOUSLY.--_ns._ INJU'RIOUSNESS; IN'JURY, that which injures: wrong: mischief: annoyance: (_Pr. Bk._) insult, offence. [Fr. _injurier_--L. _injuri[=a]ri_--_injuria_, injury--_in_, not, _jus_, _juris_, law.]

INJUSTICE, in-jus'tis, _n._ violation or withholding of another's rights or dues: wrong: iniquity.

INK, ingk, _n._ a coloured fluid used in writing, printing, &c.--_v.t._ to daub with ink.--_ns._ INK'-BAG, -SAC, a sac in some cuttle-fishes, containing a black viscid fluid; INK'-BOTT'LE, an inkstand: a bottle for holding ink placed in an inkstand; INK'HOLDER, INK'STAND, a vessel for holding ink; INK'HORN (_obs._), an inkholder, formerly of horn: a portable case for ink, &c.; INK'HORN-MATE (_Shak._), a bookish man; INK'INESS; INK'-POT, an inkholder.--_adj._ pedantic.--_ns._ INK'ING-TA'BLE, a table or flat surface used for supplying the inking-roller with ink during the process of printing; INK'ING-ROLL'ER, a roller covered with a composition for inking printing types; INK'-STONE, a kind of stone containing sulphate of iron, used in making ink.--_adj._ INK'Y, consisting of or resembling ink: blackened with ink.--_n._ PRINT'ING-INK (see PRINT).--CHINA INK, INDIAN INK, a mechanical mixture of the purest and densest lampblack, with a solution of gum or gelatine; INVISIBLE or SYMPATHETIC INK, a kind of ink which remains invisible on the paper until it is heated.--SLING INK (_slang_), to write: to earn one's bread by writing. [O. Fr. _enque_ (Fr. _encre_)--Low L. _encaustum_, the purple-red ink used by the later Roman emperors--Gr. _engkauston_--_engkaiein_, to burn in. See ENCAUSTIC.]

INKLE, ingk'l, _n._ (_Shak._) a kind of broad linen tape. [M. E. _liniolf_, _inniolf_, allied to O. Fr. _lignel_, shoemakers' thread, _ligne_, thread--L. _linea_, _linum_, flax.]

INKLING, ingk'ling, _n._ a hint or whisper: intimation.--_v.i._ INK'LE, to have a hint of. [M. E. _inclen_, to hint at, which Skeat suspects to be corrupted from Dan. _ymte_, to mutter; cf. Ice. _ym-ta_, to mutter; ultimately imitative.]

IN-KNEED, in'-n[=e]d, _adj._ knock-kneed.

INLACE, in-l[=a]s', _v.t._ to embellish, as with lace: to lace.

INLAND, in'land, _n._ the interior part of a country.--_adj._ remote from the sea: carried on or produced within a country: confined to a country: (_Shak._) refined, polished.--_n._ IN'LANDER, one who lives inland.--INLAND NAVIGATION, passage of boats or vessels on rivers, lakes, or canals within a country; INLAND REVENUE, internal revenue, derived from excise, stamps, income-tax, &c. [A.S. _inland_, a domain--_in_ and _land_.]

INLAY, in-l[=a]', _v.t._ to ornament by laying in or inserting pieces of metal, ivory, &c.--_pa.p._ INLAID'.--_n._ pieces of metal, ivory, &c. for inlaying.--_ns._ INLAY'ER; INLAY'ING.

INLET, in'let, _n._ a passage by which one is let in: place of ingress: a small bay.

INLOCK, in-lok', _v.t._ Same as ENLOCK.

INLY, in'li, _adj._ inward: secret.--_adv._ inwardly: in the heart.

INMATE, in'm[=a]t, _n._ one who lodges in the same house with another: a lodger: one received into a hospital, &c.--_adj._ dwelling in the same place.

INMEATS, in'm[=e]ts, _n.pl._ the entrails.

INMOST. See INNERMOST.

INN, in, _n._ a public house for the lodging and entertainment of travellers: a hotel, tavern: (_obs._) a lodging, a place of abode.--_ns._ INN'-HOLD'ER (_Bacon_), one who keeps an inn; INN'KEEPER, one who keeps an inn.--INNS OF COURT, the name given to the four voluntary societies which have the exclusive right of calling persons to the English bar (Inner Temple, Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn, and Gray's Inn). [A.S. _in_, _inn_, an inn, house--_in_, _inn_, within (_adv._), from the prep. _in_, in.]

INNATE, in'[=a]t, or in-n[=a]t', _adj._ inborn: natural to the mind, instinctive, inherent.--_adv._ INN'ATELY.--_n._ INN'ATENESS.--_adj._ INN[=A]'TIVE, native.--INNATE IDEAS, _a priori_ principles of knowledge and of action, the word 'innate' implying that the power of recognising such principles is provided for in the constitution of the mind. [L. _inn[=a]tus_--_innasci_--_in_, in, _nasci_, to be born.]

INNAVIGABLE, in-nav'i-ga-bl, _adj._ impassable by ships.--_adv._ INNAV'IGABLY.

INNER, in'[.e]r, _adj._ (comp. of _in_) farther in: interior.--_adjs._ INN'ERMOST, IN'MOST (superl. of _in_), farthest in: most remote from the outward part.--_adv._ INN'ERMOSTLY. [A.S. _in_, comp. _innera_, superl. _innemest_--_inne-m-est_--thus a double superlative.]

INNERVATE, in-[.e]rv'[=a]t, _v.t._ to supply with force or nervous energy--also INNERVE'.--_n._ INNERV[=A]'TION, special mode of activity inherent in the nervous structure: nervous activity.

INNING, in'ing, _n._ the ingathering of grain: turn for using the bat in cricket (in this sense used only in the plural): the time during which a person or party is in possession of anything: (_pl._) lands recovered from the sea.--GOOD INNINGS, or LONG INNINGS, good luck, or a long run of such. [A verbal noun from old verb to _inn_--i.e. to house corn, from noun _inn_.]

INNOCENT, in'o-sent, _adj._ not hurtful: inoffensive: blameless: pure: lawful: simple, imbecile.--_n._ one free from fault: an idiot.--_ns._ INN'OCENCE, harmlessness: blamelessness: purity: artlessness: integrity: imbecility: absence of legal guilt; INN'OCENCY, the quality of being innocent.--_adv._ INN'OCENTLY.--INNOCENTS' DAY (see CHILDERMAS). [O. Fr.,--L. _innocens_, _-entis_--_in_, not, _noc[=e]re_, to hurt.]

INNOCUOUS, in-nok'[=u]-us, _adj._ not hurtful: harmless in effects.--_adv._ INNOC'UOUSLY.--_ns._ INNOC'UOUSNESS, INNOC[=U]'ITY, the state of being innocuous. [L. _innocuus_--_in_, not, _nocuus_, hurtful--_noc[=e]re_, to hurt.]

INNOMINATE, i-nom'i-n[=a]t, _adj._ having no name.--_adj._ INNOM'INABLE, unnamable.--_n.pl._ trousers.--INNOMINATE ARTERY, the first large branch given off from the arch of the Aorta (q.v.); INNOMINATE BONE (_os innominatum_), the haunch-bone, hip-bone. [L. _in_, not, _nomin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to name.]

INNOVATE, in'o-v[=a]t, _v.t._ to introduce something new.--_v.i._ to introduce novelties: to make changes.--_ns._ INNOV[=A]'TION; INNOV[=A]'TIONIST; INN'OVATOR. [L. _innov[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, in, _novus_, new.]

INNOXIOUS, in-nok'shus, _adj._ same as INNOCUOUS.--_adv._ INNOX'IOUSLY.--_n._ INNOX'IOUSNESS, the quality of being innocuous.

INNUENDO, in-[=u]-en'd[=o], _n._ a side-hint: an indirect reference or intimation: a part of a pleading in cases of libel and slander, pointing out what and who was meant by the libellous matter or description, [L., the ablative gerund of _innu[)e]re_--_in_, in, _nu[)e]re_, to nod.]

INNUMERABLE, in-n[=u]'m[.e]r-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be numbered: countless.--_ns._ INN[=U]MERABIL'ITY, the state or quality of being innumerable; INN[=U]'MERABLENESS.--_adv._ INN[=U]'MERABLY.--_adj._ INN[=U]'MEROUS, without number: innumerable.

INNUTRITION, in-n[=u]-trish'un, _n._ want of nutrition: failure of nourishment.--_adj._ INNUTRIT'IOUS, not nutritious: without nourishment.

INOBSERVANT, in-ob-z[.e]r'vant, _adj._ not observant: heedless.--_adj._ INOBSER'VABLE, incapable of being observed.--_ns._ INOBSER'VANCE, lack of observance; INOBSERV[=A]'TION.

INOBTRUSIVE, in-ob-tr[=oo]'siv, _adj._ unobtrusive.--_adv._ INOBTRU'SIVELY.--_n._ INOBTRU'SIVENESS.

INOCULATE, in-ok'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to insert a bud for propagation: to engraft: to communicate disease by inserting matter in the skin.--_v.i._ to propagate by budding: to practise inoculation.--_adj._ INOC'ULABLE.--_n._ INOCUL[=A]'TION, act or practice of inoculating: insertion of the buds of one plant into another: the communication of disease to a healthy subject by the introduction of a specific germ or animal poison into his system by puncture or otherwise.--_adjs._ INOCUL[=A]'TIVE, INOCUL[=A]'TORY.--_n._ INOC'ULATOR. [L. _inocul[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, into, _oculus_, an eye.]

INODOROUS, in-[=o]'dur-us, _adj._ without smell.

INOFFENSIVE, in-of-fen'siv, _adj._ giving no offence: harmless: not unpleasing.--_adv._ INOFFEN'SIVELY.--_n._ INOFFEN'SIVENESS.

INOFFICIAL, in-of-fish'al, _adj._ not proceeding from the proper officer: without the usual forms of authority.--_adv._ INOFFIC'IALLY.--_adj._ INOFFIC'IOUS (_rare_), regardless of duty.

INOPERATIVE, in-op'[.e]r-a-tiv, _adj._ not in action: producing no effect.

INOPPORTUNE, in-op-por-t[=u]n', _adj._ unseasonable in time.--_adv._ INOPPORTUNE'LY.--_n._ INOPPORT[=U]N'ITY.

INORB, in-orb', _v.t._ to form as an orb.

INORDINATE, in-or'di-n[=a]t, _adj._ beyond usual bounds: irregular: immoderate.--_ns._ INOR'DINACY, INOR'DINATENESS.--_adv._ INOR'DINATELY.--_n._ INORDIN[=A]'TION, deviation from rule: irregularity. [L. _inordinatus_--_in_, not, _ordin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to arrange.]

INORGANIC, in-or-gan'ik, _adj._ without life or organisation, as minerals, &c.: of accidental origin, not normally developed.--_adv._ INORGAN'ICALLY.--_n._ INORGANIS[=A]'TION, want of organisation.--_adj._ INOR'GANISED, same as INORGANIC.--INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, a subdivision of chemistry made originally to designate the chemistry of purely mineral substances, and retained still mainly as a matter of convenience.

INOSCULATE, in-os'k[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to unite by mouths or ducts, as two vessels in an animal body: to blend.--_n._ INOSCUL[=A]'TION. [L. _in_, and _oscul[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_, to kiss.]

IN-PATIENT, in'p[=a]-shent, _n._ a patient lodged and fed as well as treated in a hospital:--_opp._ to _Out-patient_.

INPOURING, in'p[=o]r-ing, _n._ a pouring in: addition.

INPUT, in'p[=oo]t, _n._ (_Scot._) contribution.

INQUEST, in'kwest, _n._ act of inquiring: search: judicial inquiry before a jury into any matter, esp. any case of violent or sudden death. [O. Fr. _enqueste_--L. _inquisita_ (_res_)--_inquir[)e]re_, to inquire.]

INQUIETUDE, in-kw[=i]'et-[=u]d, _n._ disturbance or uneasiness of body or mind.--_adj._ INQU[=I]'ET, unquiet.--_v.t._ to disturb.

INQUILINE, in'kwi-lin, _adj._ living in the abode of another, as a pea-crab in an oyster-shell.--_n._ an animal so living.--_adj._ INQUIL[=I]'NOUS. [L. _inquilinus_--_incola_, inhabitant--_in_, in, _col[)e]re_, to inhabit.]

INQUIRE, in-kw[=i]r', _v.i._ to ask a question: to make an investigation.--_v.t._ to ask about: to make an examination regarding: (_Spens._) to call.--_n._ (_Shak._) a seeking for information.--_ns._ INQUIR[=A]'TION (_Dickens_), inquiry; INQUIREN'DO (_law_), an authority to inquire; INQUIR'ER.--_adj._ INQUIR'ING, given to inquiry.--_adv._ INQUIR'INGLY.--_n._ INQUIR'Y, act of inquiring: search for knowledge: investigation; a question.--WRIT OF INQUIRY, a writ appointing an inquest. [Fr.,--L. _inquir[)e]re_--_in_, in, _quær[)e]re_, _quæsitum_, to seek.]

INQUISITION, in-kwi-zish'un, _n._ an inquiring or searching for: investigation: judicial inquiry: a tribunal in the R.C. Church, called also 'the Holy Office,' for the discovery, repression and punishment of heresy, unbelief, and other offences against religion.--_v.t._ (_Milt._), to investigate.--_adjs._ INQUISIT'IONAL, making inquiry: relating to the Inquisition: INQUIS'ITIVE, searching into: apt to ask questions: curious.--_adv._ INQUIS'ITIVELY.--_ns._ INQUIS'ITIVENESS; INQUIS'ITOR, one who inquires: an official inquirer: a member of the Court of Inquisition.--_adj._ INQUISIT[=O]'RIAL.--_adv._ INQUISIT[=O]'RIALLY.--_n._ INQUIS'ITRESS, an inquisitive woman.--_adj._ INQUISIT[=U]'RIENT (_Milt._), inquisitorial.--GRAND INQUISITOR, the chief in a Court of Inquisition. [L. _inquisition-em_. See INQUIRE.]

INROAD, in'r[=o]d, _n._ an incursion into an enemy's country: a sudden invasion: attack: encroachment.

INRUSH, in'rush, _n._ an invasion: an irruption.

INSALIVATION, in-sal-i-v[=a]'shun, _n._ the process of mixing the food with the saliva.

INSALUBRIOUS, in-sa-l[=u]'bri-us, _adj._ not healthful; unwholesome.--_n._ INSAL[=U]'BRITY.

INSALUTARY, in-sal'[=u]-tar-i, _adj._ not salutary or favourable to health: unwholesome.

INSANABLE, in-san'a-bl, _adj._ incurable.--_n._ INSAN'ABLENESS.--_adv._ INSAN'ABLY.

INSANE, in-s[=a]n', _adj._ not sane or of sound mind: crazy: mad: utterly unwise: senseless: causing insanity--(_Shak._) 'insane root,' prob. hemlock or henbane.--_adv._ INSANE'LY.--_ns._ INSANE'NESS, insanity: madness; INSA'NIE (_Shak._) insanity; INSAN'ITY, want of sanity: an alteration in all or any of the functions of the brain, unfitting a man for affairs, and rendering him dangerous to himself and others: madness.

INSANITARY, in-san'i-ta-ri, _adj._ not sanitary.--_n._ INSANIT[=A]'TION, want of proper sanitary arrangements.

INSATIABLE, in-s[=a]'shi-a-bl, INSATIATE, in-s[=a]'shi-[=a]t, _adj._ that cannot be satiated or satisfied.--_ns._ INS[=A]'TIABLENESS, INSATIABIL'ITY, INSAT[=I]'ETY.--_adv._ INS[=A]'TIABLY.

INSCIENT, in'shi-ent, _adj._ not knowing, ignorant: knowing. [Fr.,--L. _in_, not, _sciens_, _sc[=i]re_, to know; in the sense of knowing, prefix _in-_ is intens.]

INSCRIBE, in-skr[=i]b', _v.t._ to write upon: to engrave, as on a monument: to put (a person's name) in a book, by way of compliment: to imprint deeply: (_geom._) to draw one figure within another.--_adj._ INSCR[=I]B'ABLE.--_ns._ INSCR[=I]B'ER; INSCRIP'TION, a writing upon: that which is inscribed: title: dedication of a book to a person: the name given to records inscribed on stone, metal, clay, &c.--_adjs._ INSCRIP'TIONAL, INSCRIP'TIVE, bearing an inscription: of the character of an inscription. [Fr.,--L. _inscrib[)e]re_, _inscriptum_--_in_, upon, _scrib[)e]re_, to write.]

INSCROLL, in-skr[=o]l', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to write on a scroll.

INSCRUTABLE, in-skr[=oo]t'a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be scrutinised or searched into and understood: inexplicable.--_ns._ INSCRUTABIL'ITY, INSCRUT'ABLENESS.--_adv._ INSCRUT'ABLY. [L. _inscrutabilis_--_in_, not, _scrut[=a]ri_, to search into.]

INSCULP, in-skulp', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to engrave, to cut or carve upon.--_n._ INSCULP'TURE (_Shak._), anything engraved. [L. _insculp[)e]re_--_in_, in, _sculp[)e]re_, to carve.]

INSECT, in'sekt, _n._ a word loosely used for a small creature, as a wasp or fly, with a body as if cut in the middle, or divided into sections: (_zool._) an arthropod, usually winged in adult life, breathing air by means of tracheæ, and having frequently a metamorphosis in the life-history.--_adj._ like an insect: small: mean.--_ns._ INSECT[=A]R'IUM, a place where a collection of living insects is kept; INSEC'TICIDE, act of killing insects.--_adjs._ INSEC'TIFORM, INSEC'TILE, having the nature of an insect.--_ns._ INSEC'TIFUGE, a substance which protects against insects; INSEC'TION, an incision; IN'SECT-NET, a light hand-net for catching insects; IN'SECT-POW'DER, a dry powder used for stupefying and killing fleas and other insects, an insecticide or insectifuge. [Fr.,--L. _insectum_, pa.p. of _insec[=a]re_--_in_, into, _sec[=a]re_, to cut.]

INSECTIVORA, in-sek-tiv'or-a, _n._ an order of mammals, mostly terrestrial, nocturnal in habit, and small in size--shrews, moles, hedgehogs, &c.--_adj._ INSECTIV'OROUS, living on insects. [L. _insectum_, an insect, _vor[=a]re_, to devour.]

INSECURE, in-se-k[=u]r', _adj._ apprehensive of danger or loss: exposed to danger or loss: uncertain.--_adv._ INSECURE'LY.--_n._ INSECUR'ITY.

INSENSATE, in-sen's[=a]t, _adj._ void of sense: wanting sensibility: stupid.--_n._ INSEN'SATENESS, the state of being insensate or destitute of sense: insensibility. [L. _insens[=a]tus_--_in_, not, _sensatus_--_sensus_, feeling.]

INSENSIBLE, in-sen'si-bl, _adj._ not having feeling: not susceptible of emotion: callous: dull: unconscious: imperceptible by the senses.--_ns._ INSENSIBIL'ITY, INSEN'SIBLENESS; INSEN'SIBLIST, an unfeeling person.--_adv._ INSEN'SIBLY.--_adj._ INSEN'SUOUS, not sensuous: without the power of perception.

INSENSITIVE, in-sen'si-tiv, _adj._ not sensitive.

INSENSUOUS, in-sen's[=u]-us, _adj._ not sensuous.

INSENTIENT, in-sen'shi-ent, _adj._ not having perception.

INSEPARABLE, in-sep'ar-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be separated.--_ns._ INSEP'ARABLENESS, INSEPARABIL'ITY.--_adv._ INSEP'ARABLY.--_adj._ INSEP'ARATE (_Shak._), not separate, united.

INSERT, in-s[.e]rt', _v.t._ to introduce into: to put in or among.--_n._ (in's[.e]rt) something additional inserted into a proof, &c.; a circular, or the like, placed for posting within the folds of a paper or leaves of a book.--_adj._ INSERT'ED (_bot._), attached to or growing out of some part.--_n._ INSER'TION, act of inserting: condition of being inserted: that which is inserted. [L. _in_, in, _ser[)e]re_, _sertum_, to join.]

INSESSORES, in-se-s[=o]'r[=e]z, _n.pl._ an order of birds called by Cuvier _Passerine_ (sparrow-like)--the title is now replaced by that of _Passeres_ (q.v.).--_adj._ INSESS[=O]'RIAL, having feet (as birds) formed for perching or climbing on trees. [L. _insessor_, from _insid[=e]re_, _insessum_--_in_, on, _sed[=e]re_, to sit.]

INSET, in'set, _n._ something set in, an insertion, esp. a leaf or leaves inserted in other leaves already folded.--_v.t._ to set in, to infix or implant.

INSEVERABLE, in-sev'[.e]r-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be severed or separated.

INSHEATHE, in-sh[=e]_th_', _v.t._ to put in a sheath.

INSHELL, in-shel', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to hide, as in a shell.

INSHELTER, in-shel't[.e]r, _v.t._ to place in shelter.

INSHIP, in-ship', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to ship, to embark.

INSHORE, in-sh[=o]r', _adv._ on or near the shore.--_adj._ situated near the shore, as fishings.

INSHRINE, in-shr[=i]n'. Same as ENSHRINE.

INSICCATION, in-sik-k[=a]'shun, _n._ act of drying in. [L. _in_, in, _sicc[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to dry.]

INSIDE, in's[=i]d, _n._ the side or part within: things within, as the entrails, personal feelings, &c.: a passenger in the interior part of a bus or carriage.--_adj._ being within: interior.--_adv._ and _prep._ within the sides of: in the interior of: (_Amer._) within the limit of time or space (with _of_).--_n._ INS[=I]'DER, one who is inside: one within a certain organisation, &c.: one possessing some particular advantage.--INSIDE EDGE, a stroke in skating made on the inner edge of the skate, the right foot making a curve to the left, the left foot one to the right.--HAVE THE INSIDE TRACK, to have the inner side in a race-course: to have the advantage in position.

INSIDIOUS, in-sid'i-us, _adj._ watching an opportunity to ensnare: intended to entrap: deceptive: advancing imperceptibly: treacherous.--_adv._ INSID'IOUSLY.--_n._ INSID'IOUSNESS. [L. _insidiosus_--_insidiæ_, an ambush--_insid[=e]re_--_in_, _sed[=e]re_, to sit.]

INSIGHT, in's[=i]t, _n._ sight into: thorough knowledge or skill: power of acute observation.

INSIGNIA, in-sig'ni-a, _n.pl._ signs or badges of office or honour: marks by which anything is known. [L., pl. of _insigne_--_in_, in, _signum_, a mark.]

INSIGNIFICANT, in-sig-nif'i-kant, _adj._ destitute of meaning: without effect: unimportant: petty.--_ns._ INSIGNIF'ICANCE, INSIGNIF'ICANCY.--_adv._ INSIGNIF'ICANTLY.--_adj._ INSIGNIF'IC[=A]TIVE, not significative or expressing by external signs.

INSINCERE, in-sin-s[=e]r', _adj._ deceitful: dissembling: not to be trusted: unsound.--_adv._ INSINCERE'LY.--_n._ INSINCER'ITY.

INSINEW, in-sin'[=u], _v.t._ (_Shak._) to impart vigour to.

INSINUATE, in-sin'[=u]-[=a]t, _v.t._ to introduce gently or artfully: to hint, esp. a fault: to work into favour.--_v.i._ to creep or flow in: to enter gently: to obtain access by flattery or stealth.--_adj._ INSIN'UATING, tending to insinuate or enter gently: insensibly winning confidence.--_adv._ INSIN'UATINGLY.--_n._ INSINU[=A]'TION, act of insinuating: power of insinuating: that which is insinuated: a hint, esp. conveying an indirect imputation.--_adj._ INSIN'UATIVE, insinuating or stealing on the confidence: using insinuation.--_n._ INSIN'UATOR.--_adj._ INSIN'UATORY. [L. _insinu[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, in, _sinus_, a curve.]

INSIPID, in-sip'id, _adj._ tasteless: wanting spirit or animation: dull.--_adv._ INSIP'IDLY.--_ns._ INSIP'IDNESS, INSIPID'ITY, want of taste. [Fr.,--Low L.,--L. _in_, not, _sapidus_, well-tasted--_sap[)e]re_, to taste.]

INSIPIENCE, in-sip'i-ens, _adj._ lack of wisdom.--_adj._ INSIP'IENT. [Fr.,--L.,--_in_, not, _sapiens_, wise]

INSIST, in-sist', _v.i._ to dwell on emphatically in discourse: to persist in pressing: (_Milt._) to persevere.--_n._ INSIST'ENCE, perseverance in pressing any claim, grievance, &c.: pertinacity.--_adj._ INSIST'ENT, urgent: prominent: upright on end.--_adv._ INSIST'ENTLY.--_n._ INSIST'URE, persistence: (_Shak._) constancy. [Fr.,--L. _insist[)e]re_, _in_, upon, _sist[)e]re_, to stand.]

INSNARE. See ENSNARE.

INSOBRIETY, in-so-br[=i]'e-ti, _n._ want of sobriety.

INSOCIABLE, in-s[=o]'sha-bl, _adj._ not sociable: that cannot be associated or joined.

INSOLATE, in'so-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to expose to the sun's rays.--_n._ INSOL[=A]'TION, exposure to the sun's rays: an injury to plants caused by too much of the sun. [L. _insol[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, in, _sol_, the sun.]

INSOLE, in's[=o]l, _n._ the inner sole of a boot or shoe:--opp. to _Outsole_: a sole of some material placed inside a shoe for warmth or dryness.

INSOLENT, in'so-lent, _adj._ overbearing: insulting: rude.--_n._ IN'SOLENCE.--_adv._ IN'SOLENTLY. [O. Fr.,--L. _insolens_--_in_, not, _solens_, pa.p. of _sol[=e]re_, to be wont.]

INSOLIDITY, in-so-lid'i-ti, _n._ want of solidity.

INSOLUBLE, in-sol'[=u]-bl, _adj._ not capable of being dissolved: not to be solved or explained.--_ns._ INSOLUBIL'ITY, INSOL'UBLENESS.

INSOLVABLE, in-solv'a-bl, _adj._ not solvable.

INSOLVENT, in-solv'ent, _adj._ not able to pay one's debts: bankrupt: pertaining to insolvent persons.--_n._ one unable to pay his debts.--_n._ INSOLV'ENCY, bankruptcy.

INSOMNIA, in-som'ni-a, _n._ sleeplessness.--_adj._ INSOM'NIOUS.--_n._ INSOM'N[=O]LENCE. [L. _insomnis_, sleepless.]

INSOMUCH, in-so-much', _adv._ to such a degree: so.

INSOOTH, in-s[=oo]th', _adv._ (_Shak._) in truth, indeed.

INSOUCIANT, in-s[=oo]'si-ant, _adj._ indifferent: careless.--_n._ INSOU'CIANCE. [Fr. _in_, not, _souciant_--_souci_, care.]

INSPAN, in'span, _v.t._ to yoke (draught-oxen or horses) to a vehicle. [Dut. _inspannen_, to yoke--_in_, in, _spannen_, to tie.]

INSPECT, in-spekt', _v.t._ to look into: to examine: to look at narrowly: to superintend.--_adv._ INSPECT'INGLY.--_n._ INSPEC'TION, the act of inspecting or looking into: careful or official examination.--_adjs._ INSPEC'TIONAL; INSPEC'TIVE.--_ns._ INSPEC'TOR, one who looks into or oversees: an examining officer: a superintendent; INSPEC'TOR[=A]TE, a district under charge of an inspector: a body of inspectors collectively.--_adj._ INSPECT[=O]'RIAL.--_ns._ INSPEC'TORSHIP, the office of an inspector; INSPEC'TRESS, a female inspector. [L. _inspect[=a]re_, freq. of _inspic[)e]re_, _inspectum_--_in_, into, _spec[)e]re_, to look.]

INSPHERE. See ENSPHERE.

INSPIRE, in-sp[=i]r', _v.t._ to breathe into: to draw or inhale into the lungs: to infuse by breathing, or as if by breathing: to infuse into the mind: to instruct by divine influence: to instruct or affect with a superior influence.--_v.i._ to draw in the breath.--_adj._ INSPIR'ABLE, able to be inhaled.--_n._ INSPIR[=A]'TION, the act of inspiring or breathing into: a breath: the divine influence by which the sacred writers of the Bible were instructed: superior elevating or exciting influence.--_adjs._ INSPIR[=A]'TIONAL, INSPIRATORY (in-spir'a-tor-i, or in'spir-a-tor-i), belonging to or aiding inspiration or inhalation.--_n._ INSPIR[=A]'TIONIST, one who maintains the direct inspiration of the Scriptures.--_adj._ INSPIRED', actuated or directed by divine influence: influenced by elevated feeling: prompted by superior, but not openly declared, knowledge or authority: actually authoritative.--_n._ INSPIR'ER.--_adv._ INSPIR'INGLY. [Fr.,--L. _inspir[=a]re_--_in_, into, _spir[=a]re_, to breathe.]

INSPIRIT, in-spir'it, _v.t._ to infuse spirit into.

INSPISSATE, in-spis'[=a]t, _v.t._ to thicken by the evaporation of moisture, as the juices of plants.--_n._ INSPISS[=A]'TION. [L. _in_, in, _spiss[=a]re_--_spissus_, thick.]

INSTABILITY, in-sta-bil'i-ti, _n._ want of steadiness or firmness: inconstancy, fickleness: mutability.--_adj._ INST[=A]'BLE, not stable: inconstant.

INSTALL, INSTAL, in-stawl', _v.t._ to place in a seat: to place in an office or order: to invest with any charge or office with the customary ceremonies.--_ns._ INSTALL[=A]'TION, the act of installing or placing in an office with ceremonies: a placing in position for use, also a general term for the complete mechanical apparatus for electric lighting, &c.; INSTAL'MENT, the act of installing: one of the parts of a sum paid at various times: that which is produced at stated periods. [Fr.,--Low L. _installare_--_in_, in, _stallum_, a stall--Old High Ger. _stal_ (Ger. _stall_), Eng. _stall_.]

INSTANCE, in'stans, _n._ quality of being urgent: solicitation: occurrence: occasion: example: (_Shak._) evidence, proof.--_v.t._ to mention as an example.--_n._ IN'STANCY, insistency.--_adj._ INSTAN'TIAL (_rare_).--AT THE INSTANCE OF, at the motion or solicitation of; FOR INSTANCE, to take as an example. [O. Fr.,--L. _instantia_--_instans_.]

INSTANT, in'stant, _adj._ pressing, urgent: immediate: quick: without delay: present, current, as the passing month.--_n._ the present moment of time: any moment or point of time.--_n._ INSTANTAN[=E]'ITY.--_adj._ INSTANT[=A]N'EOUS, done in an instant: momentary: occurring or acting at once: very quickly.--_adv._ INSTANT[=A]N'EOUSLY.--_n._ INSTANT[=A]N'EOUSNESS.--_advs._ INSTAN'TER, immediately; IN'STANTLY, on the instant or moment: immediately: (_Shak._) at the same time: (_B._) importunately, zealously. [L. _instans_, _-antis_, pr.p. of _inst[=a]re_--_in_, upon, _st[=a]re_, to stand.]

INSTAR, in-stär', _v.t._ to adorn with stars.

INSTATE, in-st[=a]t', _v.t._ to put in possession: to install.

INSTAURATION, in-stawr-[=a]'shun, _n._ restoration: renewal. [L. _instaur[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to restore.]

INSTEAD, in-sted', _adv._ in the stead, place, or room of. [M. E. _in stede_--A.S. _on stede_, in the place.]

INSTELLATION, in-stel-[=a]'shun, _n._ (_rare_) a placing among the stars.

INSTEP, in'step, _n._ the prominent upper part of the human foot near its junction with the leg: in horses, the hind-leg from the ham to the pastern joint.

INSTIGATE, in'sti-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to urge on: to set on: to foment.--_ns._ INSTIG[=A]'TION, the act of inciting: impulse, esp. to evil; IN'STIGATOR, an inciter, generally in a bad sense. [L. _instig[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_.]

INSTIL, in-stil', _v.t._ to drop into: to infuse slowly into the mind:--_pr.p._ instil'ling; _pa.p._ instilled'.--_ns._ INSTILL[=A]'TION, INSTIL'MENT, the act of instilling or pouring in by drops: the act of infusing slowly into the mind: that which is instilled or infused. [Fr.,--L. _instill[=a]re_--_in_, in, _still[=a]re_, to drop.]

INSTINCT, in'stingkt, _n._ impulse: an involuntary prompting to action: intuition: the mental aspect of those actions which take rank between unconscious reflex activities and intelligent conduct: the natural impulse by which animals are guided apparently independent of reason or experience.--_adj._ (in-stingkt') instigated or incited: moved: animated.--_adj._ INSTINC'TIVE, prompted by instinct: involuntary: acting according to or determined by natural impulse.--_adv._ INSTINC'TIVELY.--_n._ INSTINCTIV'ITY (_rare_). [L. _instinctus_--_instingu[)e]re_, to instigate.]

INSTIPULATE, in-stip'[=u]-l[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) having no stipules.

INSTITORIAL, in-sti-t[=o]'ri-al, _adj._ (_law_) pertaining to an agent or factor. [L. _institorius_--_institor_, an agent, broker.]

INSTITUTE, in'sti-t[=u]t, _v.t._ to set up in: to erect: to originate: to establish: to appoint: to commence: to educate.--_n._ anything instituted or formally established: established law: precept or principle: (_pl._) a book of precepts, principles, or rules, esp. in jurisprudence: an institution: a literary and philosophical society or association, as the 'Institute of France' (embracing _L'Académie Française_, _L'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres_, _L'Académie des Sciences_, _L'Académie des Beaux Arts_, and _L'Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques_).--_n._ INSTIT[=U]'TION, the act of instituting or establishing: that which is instituted or established: foundation: established order: enactment: a society established for some object: that which institutes or instructs: a system of principles or rules: the origination of the Eucharist and the formula of institution: the act by which a bishop commits a cure of souls to a priest.--_adjs._ INSTIT[=U]'TIONAL, INSTIT[=U]'TIONARY, belonging to an institution: instituted by authority: elementary.--_n._ IN'STITUTIST, a writer of institutes or elementary rules.--_adj._ IN'STITUTIVE, able or tending to establish: depending on an institution.--_n._ IN'STITUTOR, one who institutes: an instructor. [L. _institu[)e]re_, _-[=u]tum_--_in_, in, _statu[)e]re_, to cause to stand--_st[=a]re_, to stand.]

INSTREAMING, in-str[=e]m'ing, _n._ an influx.

INSTRUCT, in-strukt', _v.t._ to prepare: to inform: to teach: to order or command.--_adj._ (_Milt._) instructed.--_adj._ INSTRUCT'IBLE, able to be instructed.--_n._ INSTRUC'TION, the act of instructing or teaching: information: command: (_pl._) special directions, commands--in parliamentary sense, 'Instructions to the Committee' are supplementary and auxiliary to the Bill under consideration, but falling broadly within its general scope.--_adjs._ INSTRUC'TIONAL, relating to instruction: educational; INSTRUC'TIVE, containing instruction or information: conveying knowledge.--_adv._ INSTRUC'TIVELY.--_ns._ INSTRUC'TIVENESS; INSTRUC'TOR:--_fem._ INSTRUC'TRESS. [L. _instru[)e]re_, _instructum_--_in_, in, _stru[)e]re_, to pile up.]

INSTRUMENT, in'str[=oo]-ment, _n._ a tool or utensil: a machine producing musical sounds: a writing containing a contract: one who, or that which, is made a means.--_adj._ INSTRUMENT'AL, acting as an instrument or means: serving to promote an object: helpful: belonging to or produced by musical instruments: (_gram._) serving to indicate the instrument or means--of a case in Sanskrit, involving the notion of _by_ or _with_.--_ns._ INSTRUMENT'ALIST, one who plays on a musical instrument; INSTRUMENTAL'ITY, agency.--_adv._ INSTRUMENT'ALLY.--_n._ INSTRUMENT[=A]'TION (_mus._), the arrangement of a composition for performance by different instruments: the playing upon musical instruments. [O. Fr.,--L. _instrumentum_--_instru[)e]re_, to instruct.]

INSUBJECTION, in-sub-jek'shun, _n._ want of subjection.

INSUBORDINATE, in-sub-or'din-[=a]t, _adj._ not subordinate or submissive: disobedient.--_n._ INSUBORDIN[=A]'TION.

INSUBSTANTIAL, in-sub-stan'shal, _adj._ (_Shak._) not substantial: not real.--_n._ INSUBSTANTIAL'ITY.

INSUCKEN, in'suk-n, _adj._ in Scots law, pertaining to a district astricted to a certain mill.

INSUFFERABLE, in-suf'[.e]r-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be endured: detestable.--_adv._ INSUFF'ERABLY.

INSUFFICIENT, in-suf-fish'ent, _adj._ not sufficient: deficient: unfit: incapable.--_ns._ INSUFFIC'IENCY, INSUFFIC'IENCE (_rare_).--_adv._ INSUFFIC'IENTLY.

INSUFFLATE, in-suf'l[=a]t, _v.t._ to breathe on.--_ns._ INSUFFL[=A]'TION, the art of breathing on anything, or of blowing air to induce respiration, as into the mouth of a newborn child, esp. as a symbol of the outpouring of the Holy Ghost; IN'SUFFL[=A]TOR, a form of injector for forcing air into a furnace. [Through Low L., from L. _in_, in, _suffl[=a]re_, to blow.]

INSULAR, in's[=u]-lar, _adj._ belonging to an island: surrounded by water: standing or situated alone: narrow, prejudiced.--_ns._ IN'SULARISM, INSULAR'ITY, the state of being insular.--_adv._ IN'SULARLY.--_v.t._ IN'SULATE, to place in a detached situation: to prevent connection or communication: (_electricity_) to separate, esp. from the earth, by a non-conductor.--_ns._ INSUL[=A]'TION; IN'SULATOR, one who, or that which, insulates: a non-conductor of electricity. [Fr.,--L. _insularis_--_insula_, an island.]

INSULSE, in-suls', _adj._ stupid.--_n._ INSUL'SITY (_Milt._), stupidity. [L. _insulsus_--_in_, not, _sal[=i]re_, to salt.]

INSULT, in-sult', _v.t._ to treat with indignity or contempt: to abuse: to affront.--_n._ (in'sult) abuse: affront: contumely.--_adjs._ INSULT'ABLE, capable of being insulted; INSULT'ANT (_rare_), insulting.--_n._ INSULT'ER (_obs._), one who makes an attack.--_adj._ INSULT'ING, conveying insult: insolent: contemptuous.--_adv._ INSULT'INGLY, in an insulting or insolent manner.--_n._ INSULT'MENT (_Shak._), insult. [Fr.,--L. _insult[=a]re_--_insil[=i]re_, to spring at--_in_, upon, _sal[=i]re_, to leap.]

INSUPERABLE, in-s[=u]'p[.e]r-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be passed over: unconquerable.--_n._ INSUPERABIL'ITY.--_adv._ INS[=U]'PERABLY. [O. Fr.,--L.,--_in_, not, _superabilis_--_super[=a]re_, to pass over--_super_, above.]

INSUPPORTABLE, in-sup-p[=o]rt'a-bl, _adj._ not supportable or able to be endured: unbearable: insufferable: (_Spens._) irresistible.--_n._ INSUPPORT'ABLENESS.--_adv._ INSUPPORT'ABLY.

INSUPPRESSIBLE, in-sup-pres'i-bl, _adj._ not to be suppressed or concealed.--_adj._ INSUPPRESS'IVE (_Shak._), that cannot be suppressed or concealed.

INSURE, in-sh[=oo]r', _v.t._ to make sure or secure: to contract for a premium to make good a loss, as from fire, &c., or to pay a certain sum on a certain event, as death.--_v.i._ to practise making insurance.--_adj._ INSUR'ABLE, that may be insured.--_ns._ INSUR'ANCE, the act of insuring, or a contract by which one party undertakes for a payment or premium to guarantee another against risk or loss--the written contract called the INSUR'ANCE-POL'ICY: the premium so paid; INSUR'ANCER (_obs._); INSUR'ER, one who agrees to pay money to another party on the happening of a certain event. [O. Fr. _enseurer_--_en_, and _seur_, sure.]

INSURGENT, in-sur'jent. _adj._ rising up or against: rising in opposition to authority: rebellious.--_n._ one who rises in opposition to established authority: a rebel.--_n._ INSUR'GENCY, a rising up or against: insurrection: rebellion--also INSUR'GENCE. [L. _insurgens_, _-entis_--_in_, upon, _surg[)e]re_, to rise.]

INSURMOUNTABLE, in-sur-mownt'a-bl, _adj._ not surmountable: that cannot be overcome.--_n._ INSURMOUNTABIL'ITY.--_adv._ INSURMOUNT'ABLY.

INSURRECTION, in-sur-rek'shun, _n._ a rising up or against: open and active opposition to the execution of the law: a rebellion.--_adjs._ INSURREC'TIONAL, INSURREC'TIONARY.--_n._ INSURREC'TIONIST, one who favours or takes part in an insurrection. [L. _insurrection-em_--_insurg[)e]re_. See INSURGENT.]

INSUSCEPTIBLE, in-sus-sep'ti-bl, _adj._ not susceptible: not capable of feeling or of being affected--also INSUSCEP'TIVE.--_n._ INSUSCEPTIBIL'ITY.

INSWATHE, in-sw[=a]th', _v.t._ See ENSWATHE.

INTACT, in-takt', _adj._ untouched, uninjured.--_adj._ INTACT'ABLE, not perceptible to touch.--_n._ INTACT'NESS. [L. _intactus_--_in_, not, _tang[)e]re_, _tactum_, to touch.]

INTAGLIO, in-tal'y[=o], _n._ a figure cut into any substance: a stone or gem in which the design is hollowed out, the opposite of a cameo.--_adj._ INTAGL'IATED, formed in intaglio: engraved. [It.,--_intagliare_--_in_, into, _tagliare_, to cut (twigs)--L. _talea_, a twig.]

INTAKE, in't[=a]k, _n._ that which is taken in: a tract of land enclosed: the point at which contraction begins: (_prov._) any kind of cheat or imposition.

INTANGIBLE, in-tan'ji-bl, _adj._ not tangible or perceptible to touch.--_ns._ INTAN'GIBLENESS, INTANGIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ INTAN'GIBLY. [See INTACT.]

INTEGER, in'te-j[.e]r, _n._ that which is left untouched or undiminished, a whole: (_arith._) a whole number, as opposed to a fraction.--_adj._ IN'TEGRAL, entire or whole: not fractional: unimpaired: intrinsic, belonging as a part to the whole.--_n._ a whole: the whole as made up of its parts.--_adv._ IN'TEGRALLY.--_adj._ IN'TEGRANT, making part of a whole: necessary to form an integer or an entire thing.--_v.t._ IN'TEGR[=A]TE, to make up as a whole: to make entire: to renew.--_n._ INTEGR[=A]'TION.--INTEGRAL FUNCTION (_algebra_), a function which does not include the operation of division in any of its terms (see FUNCTION). [L.,--_in_, not, root of _tang[)e]re_, to touch.]

INTEGRITY, in-teg'ri-ti, _n._ entireness, wholeness: the unimpaired state of anything: uprightness: honesty: purity. [See INTEGER.]

INTEGUMENT, in-teg'[=u]-ment, _n._ the external protective covering of a plant or animal.--_adj._ INTEGUMENT'ARY. [L.,--_integ[)e]re_--_in_, upon, _teg[)e]re_, to cover.]

INTELLECT, in'tel-lekt, _n._ the mind, in reference to its rational powers: the thinking principle: (_pl._, _coll._) senses.--_adj._ IN'TELLECTED (_Cowper_), endowed with intellect.--_n._ INTELLEC'TION, the act of understanding: (_philos._) apprehension or perception.--_adjs._ INTELLECT'IVE, able to understand: produced or perceived by the understanding; INTELLECT'UAL, of or relating to the intellect: perceived or performed by the intellect: having the power of understanding.--_n._ mental power.--_v.t._ INTELLECT'UALISE, to reason intellectually: to endow with intellect: to give an intellectual character to.--_ns._ INTELLECT'UALISM, the doctrine which derives all knowledge from pure reason: the culture of the intellect; INTELLECT'UALIST; INTELLECTUAL'ITY, intellectual power.--_adv._ INTELLECT'UALLY. [Fr.,--L.,--_intellig[)e]re_, to understand--_inter_, between, _leg[)e]re_, to choose.]

INTELLIGENT, in-tel'-i-jent, _adj._ having intellect: endowed with the faculty of reason: well informed: bringing intelligence. (_Shak._) communicative.--_ns._ INTELL'IGENCE, intellectual skill or knowledge: information communicated: news: a spiritual being; INTELL'IGENCER, one going between parties: a spy.--_adjs._ INTELLIGEN'TIAL, pertaining to the intelligence: consisting of spiritual being.--_adv._ INTELL'IGENTLY.--_adj._ INTELL'IGIBLE, that maybe understood: clear: (_philos._) capable of being apprehended by the understanding only.--_ns._ INTELL'IGIBLENESS, INTELLIGIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ INTELL'IGIBLY. [L. _intelligens_, -_entis_, pr.p. of _intellig[)e]re_.]

INTEMPERANCE, in-tem'p[.e]r-ans, _n._ want of due restraint: excess of any kind: habitual indulgence in intoxicating liquor.--_n._ INTEM'PERANT, one who is intemperate.--_adj._ INTEM'PERATE, indulging to excess any appetite or passion: given to an immoderate use of intoxicating liquors: passionate: exceeding the usual degree: immoderate.--_adv._ INTEM'PERATELY.--_n._ INTEM'PERATENESS.

INTENABLE, in-ten'a-bl, _adj._ not tenable.

INTEND, in-tend', _v.t._ to fix the mind upon: to design: to purpose: (_Milt._) to extend: (_Shak._) to direct.--_v.i._ to have a design: to purpose.--_ns._ INTEND'ANT, an officer who superintends some public business, a title of many public officers in France and other countries; INTEND'ANCY, his office.--_adj._ INTEND'ED, purposed: betrothed.--_n._ an affianced lover.--_adv._ INTEND'EDLY, with intention or design.--_ns._ INTEND'IMENT (_Spens._), attention, knowledge, intention; INTEND'MENT (_Shak._), intention, design. [O. Fr. _entendre_--L. _intend[)e]re_, _intentum_ and _intensum_--_in_, towards, _tend[)e]re_, to stretch.]

INTENERATE, in-ten'e-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to make tender.--_n._ INTENER[=A]'TION.

INTENSE, in-tens', _adj._ closely strained: extreme in degree: very severe: emotional.--_v.t._ INTEN'SATE (_Carlyle_), to intensify.--_adv._ INTENSE'LY.--_ns._ INTENSE'NESS, INTENS'ITY; INTENSIFIC[=A]'TION, the act of intensifying.--_v.t._ INTEN'SIFY, to make more intense.--_v.i._ to become intense:--_pa.p._ intens'ified.--_n._ INTEN'SION, a straining or bending: increase of intensity: (_logic_) the sum of the qualities implied by a general name.--_adj._ INTEN'SIVE, stretched: admitting of increase of degree: unremitted: serving to intensify: (_gram._) giving force or emphasis.--_adv._ INTEN'SIVELY.--_n._ INTEN'SIVENESS. [See INTEND.]

INTENT, in-tent', _adj._ having the mind bent on: fixed with close attention: diligently applied.--_n._ the thing aimed at or intended: a design: meaning.--_n._ INTEN'TION, a fixing of the mind on any object: fixed direction of mind: the object aimed at: design: purpose.--_adjs._ INTEN'TIONAL, INTEN'TIONED, with intention: intended: designed.--_advs._ INTEN'TIONALLY, with intention; INTENT'LY, in an intent manner.--_adj._ INTEN'TIVE (_Bacon_), attentive.--_n._ INTENT'NESS.--TO ALL INTENTS AND PURPOSES, in every respect.--WELL- (or ILL-) INTENTIONED, having good (or ill) designs. [See INTEND.]

INTER, in-t[.e]r', _v.t._ to bury:--_pr.p._ inter'ring; _pa.p._ interred'.--_n._ INTER'MENT. [Fr. _enterrer_--Low L. _interr[=a]re_--L. _in_, into, _terra_, the earth.]

INTERACT, in-t[.e]r-akt', _n._ a short piece in a play acted between the principal pieces: the interval between the acts of a drama.--_v.i._ to act on one another.--_n._ INTERAC'TION, action between bodies, mutual action.--_adj._ INTERAC'TIVE.

INTERAULIC, in-t[.e]r-aw'lik, _adj._ existing between royal courts.

INTERBREED, in-t[.e]r-br[=e]d, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to breed by crossing one species of animals or plants with another.--_n._ INTERBREED'ING.

INTERCALATE, in-t[.e]r'kal-[=a]t, _v.t._ to insert between, as a day in a calendar.--_adjs._ INTER'CALARY, INTER'CALAR, inserted between others.--_n._ INTERCAL[=A]'TION.--_adj._ INTER'CALATIVE. [L. _intercal[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_inter_, between, _cal[=a]re_, to call. See CALENDS.]

INTERCEDE, in-t[.e]r-s[=e]d', _v.i._ and _v.t._ to act as peacemaker between two: to plead for one.--_adj._ INTERCED'ENT.--_n._ INTERCED'ER. [Fr.,--L. _interced[)e]re_, _-cessum_--_inter_, between, _ced[)e]re_, to go.]

INTERCELLULAR, in-t[.e]r-sel'[=u]-lar, _adj._ lying between cells.

INTERCEPT, in-t[.e]r-sept', _v.t._ to stop and seize on its passage: to obstruct, check: to interrupt communication with: to cut off: (_math._) to take or comprehend between.--_ns._ INTERCEP'TER, INTERCEP'TOR; INTERCEP'TION.--_adj._ INTERCEP'TIVE. [Fr.,--L. _intercip[)e]re_, _-ceptum_--_inter_, between, _cap[)e]re_, to seize.]

INTERCEREBRAL, in-t[.e]r-ser'e-bral, _adj._ connecting two parts of the brain.

INTERCESSION, in-t[.e]r-sesh'un, _n._ act of interceding or pleading for another.--_adj._ INTERCESS'IONAL, containing intercession or pleading for others.--_n._ INTERCESS'OR, one who goes between: one who reconciles two enemies: one who pleads for another: a bishop who acts during a vacancy in a see.--_adjs._ INTERCESS[=O]'RIAL, INTERCESS'ORY, interceding.--INTERCESSION OF SAINTS, prayer offered in behalf of Christians on earth by saints. [See INTERCEDE.]

INTERCHAIN, in-t[.e]r-ch[=a]n', _v.t._ to chain together.

INTERCHANGE, in-t[.e]r-ch[=a]nj', _v.t._ to give and take mutually: to exchange.--_v.i._ to succeed alternately.--_n._ mutual exchange: alternate succession.--_adj._ INTERCHANGE'ABLE, that may be interchanged: following each other in alternate succession.--_ns._ INTERCHANGE'ABLENESS, INTERCHANGEABIL'ITY.--_adv._ INTERCHANGE'ABLY.--_ns._ INTERCHANGE'MENT (_Shak._), exchange, mutual transfer; INTERCHANG'ER.

INTERCILIUM, in-t[.e]r-sil'i-um, _n._ the space between the eyebrows.

INTERCIPIENT, in-t[.e]r-sip'i-ent, _adj._ intercepting.--_n._ the person or thing that intercepts. [L. _intercipiens_, -_entis_, pr.p. of _intercip[)e]re_.]

INTERCLAVICULAR, in-t[.e]r-kl[=a]-vik'[=u]-lar, _adj._ situated between clavicles.

INTERCLUDE, in-t[.e]r-kl[=oo]d', _v.t._ to shut out from anything by something coming between: to intercept: to cut off.--_n._ INTERCLU'SION. [L. _interclud[)e]re_--_inter_, between, _claud[)e]re_, to shut.]

INTERCOLLEGIATE, in-ter-ko-l[=e]'ji-[=a]t, _adj._ between colleges.

INTERCOLLINE, in-ter-kol'in, _adj._ lying between hills.

INTERCOLONIAL, in-t[.e]r-kol-[=o]'ni-al, _adj._ pertaining to the relation existing between colonies.--_adv._ INTERCOL[=O]'NIALLY.

INTERCOLUMNIATION, in-t[.e]r-ko-lum-ni-[=a]'shun, _n._ (_archit._) the distance between columns, measured from the lower part of their shafts.--_adj._ INTERCOLUM'NAR, placed between columns.

INTERCOMMUNE, in-t[.e]r-kom-[=u]n', _v.i._ to commune between or together: to hold intercourse.--_adj._ INTERCOMMUN'ICABLE, that may be communicated between or mutually.--_v.t._ INTERCOMMUN'IC[=A]TE, to communicate between or mutually.--_ns._ INTERCOMMUNIC[=A]'TION; INTERCOMMUN'ION, communion between, or mutual communion; INTERCOMMUN'ITY, mutual communication: reciprocal intercourse.--LETTERS OF INTERCOMMUNING, an ancient writ issued by the Scotch Privy Council warning persons not to harbour or have any communication with persons therein denounced, under pain of being held accessory to their crimes--a special form of _boycott_.

INTERCOMPARISON, in-t[.e]r-kom-par'i-son, _n._ mutual comparison.

INTERCONNECT, in-t[.e]r-ko-nekt', _v.t._ to connect or enjoin mutually and intimately.--_n._ INTERCONNEC'TION.

INTERCONTINENTAL, in-t[.e]r-kon-ti-nen'tal, _adj._ subsisting between different continents.

INTERCOSTAL, in-t[.e]r-kost'al, _adj._ (_anat._) lying between the ribs.

INTERCOURSE, in't[.e]r-k[=o]rs, _n._ connection by dealings: communication: commerce: communion: coition. [O. Fr. _entrecours_--L. _intercursus_, a running between--_inter_, between, _curr[)e]re_, _cursum_, to run.]

INTERCROSS, in-t[.e]r-kros', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to cross mutually: interbreed.

INTERCURRENT, in-t[.e]r-kur'ent, _adj._ running between: intervening.--_n._ INTERCURR'ENCE. [O. Fr.,--L. _inter_, between, _curr[)e]re_, to run.]

INTERDASH, in-t[.e]r-dash', _v.t._ to intersperse.

INTERDEAL, in't[.e]r-d[=e]l, _n._ (_Spens._) intercourse, traffic.

INTERDEPENDENCE, in-t[.e]r-de-pend-ens, _n._ mutual dependence: dependence of parts one on another.--_adj._ INTERDEPEND'ENT.

INTERDICT, in-t[.e]r-dikt', _v.t._ to. prohibit: to forbid: to forbid communion.--_n._ (in't[.e]r-dikt) prohibition: a prohibitory decree: a prohibition of the Pope restraining the clergy from performing divine service.--_n._ INTERDIC'TION.--_adjs._ INTERDIC'TIVE, INTERDIC'TORY, containing interdiction: prohibitory. [L. _interdic[)e]re_, -_dictum_--_inter_, between, _dic[)e]re_, to say.]

INTERDIGITAL, in-t[.e]r-dij'i-tal, _adj._ situated between digits.--_v.t._ INTERDIG'ITATE, to insert between the fingers.--_v.i._ to be interwoven, to interlock by finger-like processes.--_n._ INTERDIGIT[=A]'TION.

INTEREST, in't[.e]r-est, _n._ advantage: premium paid for the use of money (in COMPOUND INTEREST, the interest of each period is added to its principal, and the amount forms a new principal for the next period): any increase: concern: special attention: influence over others: share: participation.--_n._ (_Spens._) IN'TERESS, interest, concern.--_v.t._ to concern deeply.--EQUITABLE INTEREST, such interest as is protected by courts of equity, although it might not be at common law; LANDED INTEREST (see LANDED); VESTED INTEREST, an interest thoroughly secure and inalienable, except for public use and upon compensation.--MAKE INTEREST FOR, to secure interest on behalf of. [O. Fr. _interest_ (Fr. _intérêt_)--L. _interest_, it is profitable, it concerns--_inter_, between, _esse_, to be.]

INTEREST, in't[.e]r-est, _v.t._ to engage the attention: to awaken concern in: to excite (in behalf of another).--_adj._ IN'TERESTED, having an interest or concern: affected or biassed by personal considerations, self-interest, &c.--_adv._ IN'TERESTEDLY.--_n._ IN'TERESTEDNESS.--_adj._ IN'TERESTING, engaging the attention or regard: exciting emotion or passion.--_adv._ IN'TERESTINGLY.--_n._ IN'TERESTINGNESS.--In an interesting condition, in the family way. [From obs. _interess_--O. Fr. _interesser_, to concern--L. _interesse_.]

INTERFACIAL, in-t[.e]r-f[=a]'shal, _adj._ (_geom._) included between two plane faces or surfaces.--_n._ INTERFACE', a plane surface regarded as the common boundary of two bodies.

INTERFEMORAL, in-t[.e]r-fem'o-ral, _adj._ situated between the thighs, connecting the hind limbs.

INTERFERE, in-t[.e]r-f[=e]r', _v.i._ to come in collision: to intermeddle: to interpose: to act reciprocally--said of waves, rays of light, &c.--_ns._ INTERFER'ENCE; INTERFER'ER.--_adv._ INTERFER'INGLY. [Through O. Fr., from L. _inter_, between, _fer[=i]re_, to strike.]

INTERFLUENT, in-t[.e]r'fl[=oo]-ent, _adj._ flowing between or together--also INTER'FLUOUS. [L. _interfluens_--_inter_, between, _flu[)e]re_, to flow.]

INTERFOLD, in-t[.e]r-fold', _v.t._ to fold one into the other.

INTERFOLIACEOUS, in-t[.e]r-f[=o]-li-[=a]'shus, _adj._ placed between leaves.--_v.t._ INTERF[=O]'LIATE, to interleave.

INTERFRETTED, in-t[.e]r-fret'ed, _adj._ fretted between, or interlaced.

INTERFRONTAL, in-t[.e]r-fron'tal, _adj._ situated between the right and left frontal bones.

INTERFUSED, in-t[.e]r-f[=u]zd', _adj._ poured between: fused together: associated.--_n._ INTERF[=U]'SION.

INTERGLACIAL, in-t[.e]r-gl[=a]'shi-al, _adj._ (_geol._) occurring between two periods of glacial action.

INTERGLANDULAR, in-t[.e]r-glan'd[=u]-lar, _adj._ situated between glands.

INTERGLOBULAR, in-t[.e]r-glob'[=u]-lar, _adj._ situated between globules.

INTERGRADE, in-t[.e]r-gr[=a]d', _v.i._ to become alike gradually.--_n._ IN'TERGRADE, an intermediate grade.

INTERGROWTH, in't[.e]r-gr[=o]th, _n._ a growing together.

INTERHEMAL, in-t[.e]r-h[=e]'mal, _adj._ between the hemal processes or spines.

INTERIM, in't[.e]r-im, _n._ time between or intervening: the meantime: in the history of the Reformation, the name given to certain edicts of the German emperor for the regulation of religious and ecclesiastical matters, till they could be decided by a general council--as the Augsburg Interim (1548), &c. [L.,--_inter_, between.]

INTERIOR, in-t[=e]'ri-ur, _adj._ inner: remote from the frontier or coast: inland.--_n._ the inside of anything: the inland part of a country.--_n._ INTERIOR'ITY.--_adv._ INT[=E]'RIORLY. [L.,--comp. of _interus_, inward.]

INTERJACENT, in-t[.e]r-j[=a]'sent, _adj._ lying between: intervening.--_n._ INTERJ[=A]'CENCY, a lying between: a space or region between others. [L. _inter_, between, _jac[=e]re_, to lie.]

INTERJACULATE, in-t[.e]r-jak'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.i._ to interrupt conversation with an ejaculation.

INTERJECT, in-t[.e]r-jekt', _v.t._ to throw between: to insert.--_v.i._ to throw one's self between.--_n._ INTERJEC'TION, a throwing between: (_gram._) a word thrown in to express emotion.--_adjs._ INTERJEC'TIONAL, INTERJEC'TIONARY, INTERJEC'TURAL.--_adv._ INTERJEC'TIONALLY. [L. _inter_, between, _jac[)e]re_, to throw.]

INTERJOIN, in-t[.e]r-join', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to join mutually, to intermarry.

INTERKNIT, in-t[.e]r-nit', _v.t._ to unite closely.

INTERLACE, in-t[.e]r-l[=a]s', _v.t._ to lace together: to unite: to insert one thing within another.--_v.i._ to intermix.--_n._ INTERLACE'MENT.--INTERLACING ARCHES (_archit._), an arcature in which the arches intersect.

INTERLARD, in-t[.e]r-lärd', _v.t._ to mix in, as fat with lean: to diversify by mixture.

INTERLEAVE, in-t[.e]r-l[=e]v', _v.t._ to put a leaf between: to insert blank leaves in a book.

INTERLINE, in-t[.e]r-l[=i]n', _v.t._ to write in alternate lines: to write between lines.--_adj._ INTERLIN'EAR, written between lines.--_ns._ INTERLINE[=A]'TION, INTERL[=I]N'ING, act of interlining: that which is interlined: correction or alteration made by writing between lines.

INTERLINK, in-t[.e]r-lingk', _v.t._ to connect by uniting links.

INTERLOBULAR, in-t[.e]r-lob'[=u]-lar, _adj._ being between lobes.

INTERLOCATION, in-t[.e]r-lo-k[=a]'shun, _n._ a placing between.

INTERLOCK, in-t[.e]r-lok', _v.t._ to lock or clasp together.--_v.i._ to be locked together.

INTERLOCUTION, in-t[.e]r-lo-k[=u]'shun, _n._ conference: an intermediate decree before final decision.--_n._ INTERLOC'UTOR, one who speaks between or in dialogue (_fem._ INTERLOC'UTRESS, INTERLOC'UTRICE): (_Scots law_) an intermediate decree before final decision.--_adj._ INTERLOC'UTORY. [Fr.,--L. _interlocutio_, from _interloqui_--_inter_, between, _loqui_, _locutus_, to speak.]

INTERLOPER, in-t[.e]r-l[=o]p'[.e]r, _n._ one who trades without license: an intruder.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ INTERLOPE', to intrude into any matter in which one has no fair concern. [Dut. _enterlooper_, a smuggling vessel, as running in and out along the coast--L. _inter_, between, Dut. _loopen_, to run. See LEAP.]

INTERLUDE, in't[.e]r-l[=oo]d, _n._ a short dramatic performance or play between the play and afterpiece, or between the acts of a play: a short piece of music played between the parts of a drama, opera, hymn, &c.--_adj._ INTERLUD'ED, inserted as an interlude: having interludes. [From L. _inter_, between, _ludus_, play.]

INTERLUNAR, in-t[.e]r-l[=oo]'nar, _adj._ belonging to the moon's monthly period of invisibility.--Also INTERLU'NARY.

INTERMARRY, in-t[.e]r-mar'i, _v.i._ to marry between or among: to marry reciprocally, or take one and give another in marriage.--_n._ INTERMARR'IAGE.

INTERMAXILLARY, in-t[.e]r-maks'il-ar-i, _adj._ situated between the jawbones.

INTERMEDDLE, in-t[.e]r-med'l, _v.i._ to meddle with: to interfere improperly.--_n._ INTERMEDD'LER.

INTERMEDIATE, in-t[.e]r-m[=e]'di-[=a]t, _adj._ in the middle between: intervening--also INTERM[=E]'DIARY, INTERM[=E]'DIAL.--_ns._ INTERM[=E]'DIACY, state of being intermediate; INTERM[=E]'DIARY, an intermediate agent.--_adv._ INTERM[=E]'DIATELY.--_n._ INTERMEDI[=A]'TION, act of intermediating; INTERM[=E]'DIUM, a medium between: an intervening agent or instrument.

INTERMENT, in-t[.e]r'ment, _n._ burial.

INTERMEZZO, in-t[.e]r-med'z[=o], _n._ a light dramatic entertainment between the acts of a tragedy, grand opera, &c.: a short musical burlesque, &c. [It.]

INTERMIGRATION, in-t[.e]r-m[=i]-gr[=a]'shun, _n._ reciprocal migration.

INTERMINABLE, in-t[.e]r'min-a-bl, INTERMINATE, in-t[.e]r'min-[=a]t, _adj._ without termination or limit: boundless: endless.--_n._ INTER'MINABLENESS.--_adv._ INTER'MINABLY.--INTERMINATE DECIMAL, a decimal conceived as carried to an infinity of places.

INTERMINGLE, in-t[.e]r-ming'gl, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to mingle or mix together.

INTERMIT, in-t[.e]r-mit', _v.t._ to cause to cease for a time: to interrupt.--_n._ INTERMISS'ION, act of intermitting: interval: pause.--_adj._ INTERMISS'IVE, coming at intervals.--_ns._ INTERMIT'TENCE, INTERMIT'TENCY, state of being intermittent.--_adj._ INTERMIT'TENT, intermitting or ceasing at intervals, as a fever.--_adv._ INTERMIT'TINGLY.--INTERMITTENT, or INTERMITTING, SPRING, a spring flowing for a time and then ceasing, beginning again, &c. [L. _intermitt[)e]re_, _-missum_--_inter_, between, _mitt[)e]re_, to cause to go.]

INTERMIX, in-t[.e]r-miks', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to mix among or together.--_n._ INTERMIX'TURE, a mass formed by mixture: something intermixed.

INTERMOBILITY, in-t[.e]r-mo-bil'i-ti, _n._ capacity of things to move among themselves.

INTERMUNDANE, in-t[.e]r-mun'd[=a]n, _adj._ between worlds.

INTERMURAL, in-t[.e]r-m[=u]'ral, _adj._ lying between walls.

INTERMUSCULAR, in-t[.e]r-mus'k[=u]-lar, _adj._ between the muscles.

INTERMUTATION, in-t[.e]r-m[=u]-t[=a]'shun, _n._ mutual change.

INTERN, in-t[.e]rn', _adj._ internal.--_n._ an inmate of a school, an assistant surgeon or physician in a hospital.--Also INTERNE'.

INTERN, in-t[.e]rn', _v.t._ to send into the interior of a country: to immure in an interior locality without permission to leave the district.--_n._ INTERN'MENT, state of being confined in the interior of a country. [Fr. _interner_. See INTERNAL.]

INTERNAL, in-t[.e]r'nal, _adj._ being in the interior: domestic, as opposed to foreign: intrinsic: pertaining to the heart:--opp. to _External_.--_n._ INTERNAL'ITY.--_adv._ INTER'NALLY.--INTERNAL EVIDENCE, evidence with regard to a thing, subject, book, &c. afforded by its intrinsic qualities. [L. _internus_---_inter_, within.]

INTERNATIONAL, in-t[.e]r-nash'un-al, _adj._ pertaining to the relations between nations.--_n._ a short-lived association formed in London in 1864 to unite the working classes of all countries in efforts for their economic emancipation.--_adv._ INTERNAT'IONALLY.

INTERNECINE, in-t[.e]r-n[=e]'s[=i]n, _adj._ mutually destructive: deadly.--Also INTERN[=E]'CIVE. [L. _internec[=a]re_--_inter_, between, _nec[=a]re_, to kill.]

INTERNEURAL, in-t[.e]r-n[=u]'ral, _adj._ (_anat._) situated between the neural spines or spinous processes of successive vertebræ.

INTERNODE, in't[.e]r-n[=o]d, _n._ (_bot._) the space between two nodes or points of the stem from which the leaves arise.--_adj._ INTERN[=O]'DIAL. [L. _internodium_--_inter_, between, _nodus_, a knot.]

INTERNUNCIO, in-t[.e]r-nun'shi-[=o], _n._ a messenger between two parties: the Pope's representative at minor courts.--_adj._ INTERNUN'CIAL. [Sp.,--L. _internuntius_--_inter_, between, _nuntius_, a messenger.]

INTEROCEANIC, in-t[.e]r-[=o]-she-an'ik, _adj._ between oceans.

INTEROCULAR, in-t[.e]r-ok'[=u]-lar, _adj._ between the eyes.

INTERORBITAL, in-t[.e]r-or'bi-tal, _adj._ situated between the orbits of the eyes.

INTEROSCULATION, in-t[.e]r-os'k[=u]-l[=a]-shun, _n._ interconnection by, or as if by, osculation.--_adj._ INTEROS'CULANT.--_v.t._ INTEROS'CUL[=A]TE.

INTEROSSEOUS, in-t[.e]r-os'e-us, _adj._ situated between bones.--Also INTEROSS'EAL.

INTERPAGE, in-t[.e]r-p[=a]j', _v.t._ to insert on intermediate pages.

INTERPARIETAL, in-t[.e]r-pa-r[=i]'e-tal, _adj._ situated between the right and left parietal bones of the skull.

INTERPELLATION, in-t[.e]r-pel-[=a]'shun, _n._ a question raised during the course of a debate: interruption: intercession: a summons: an earnest address.--_v.t._ INTER'PELLATE, to question. [Fr.,--L.,--_interpell[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to disturb by speaking--_inter_, between, _pell[)e]re_, to drive.]

INTERPENETRATE, in-t[.e]r-pen'e-tr[=a]t, _v.t._ to penetrate between or within.--_n._ INTERPENETR[=A]'TION.

INTERPETIOLAR, in-t[.e]r-pet'i-[=o]-lar, _adj._ (_bot._) between the petioles.

INTERPHALANGEAL, in-t[.e]r-fa-lan'j[=e]-al, _adj._ situated between any successive phalanges of a finger or toe: nodal, of a digit.

INTERPILASTER, in-t[.e]r-pi-las't[.e]r, _n._ (_archit._) space between two pilasters.

INTERPLANETARY, in-t[.e]r-plan'et-ar-i, _adj._ between the planets.

INTERPLAY, in't[.e]r-pl[=a], _n._ mutual action: interchange of action and reaction.

INTERPLEAD, in-t[.e]r-pl[=e]d', _v.i._ (_law_) to discuss adverse claims to property by bill of interpleader.--_n._ INTERPLEAD'ER, one who interpleads: a form of process in the English courts, by a bill in equity, intended to protect a defendant who claims no interest in the subject-matter of a suit, while at the same time he has reason to know that the plaintiff's title is disputed by some other claimant.

INTERPLEDGE, in-t[.e]r-plej', _v.t._ to pledge mutually: to give and take a pledge.

INTREPLEURAL, in-t[.e]r-pl[=oo]'ral, _adj._ situated between the right and left pleural cavities.

INTERPOLAR, in-t[.e]r-p[=o]'lar, _adj._ situated between or connecting the poles, as of a galvanic battery.

INTERPOLATE, in-t[.e]r'po-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to insert unfairly, as a spurious word or passage in a book or manuscript, to foist in: to corrupt: (_math._) to fill up the intermediate terms of a series.--_adj._ INTER'POLABLE.--_ns._ INTERPOL[=A]'TION; INTER'POLATOR. [L. _interpol[=a]re_, -_[=a]tum_--_inter_, between, _pol[=i]re_, to polish.]

INTERPOLITY, in-t[.e]r-pol'i-ti, _n._ (_rare_) interchange between countries.

INTERPOSE, in-t[.e]r-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to place between: to thrust in: to offer, as aid or services.--_v.i._ to come between: to mediate: to put in by way of interruption: to interfere.--_ns._ INTERPOS'AL, same as INTERPOSITION; INTERPOS'ER; INTERPOS'IT, a place of deposit between two cities or countries; INTERPOSI'TION, act of interposing: intervention: anything interposed. [Fr.,--L. _inter_, between, Fr. _poser_, to place.]

INTERPRET, in-t[.e]r'pret, _v.t._ to explain the meaning of, to elucidate, unfold, show the purport of: to translate into intelligible or familiar terms.--_v.i._ to practise interpretation.--_adj._ INTER'PRETABLE, capable of being explained.--_n._ INTERPRET[=A]'TION, act of interpreting: the sense given by an interpreter: the power of explaining: the representation of a dramatic part according to one's conception of it.--_adj._ INTERPRET[=A]'TIVE, collected by or containing interpretation.--_adv._ INTER'PRET[=A]TIVELY.--_n._ INTER'PRETER, one who explains between two parties: an expounder: a translator. [Fr.,--L. _interprer[=a]ri_, -_[=a]tus_--_interpres_, _inter_, between, -_pres_, prob. conn. with Gr. _phrasis_, speech.]

INTERPROVINCIAL, in-t[.e]r-pr[=o]-vin'shal, _adj._ existing between provinces.

INTERPUBIC, in-t[.e]r-p[=u]'bik, _adj._ situated between the right and left pubic bones.

INTERPUNCTION, in-t[.e]r-pungk'shun, _n._ the places of points or stops in writing, intermediate punctuation.--Also INTERPUNCTU[=A]'TION.

INTERRACIAL, in-t[.e]r-r[=a]'si-al, _adj._ existing or taking place between races.

INTERRRADIAL, in-t[.e]r-r[=a]'di-al, _adj._ situated between the radii or rays.--_adv._ INTERR[=A]'DIALLY.--_n._ INTERR[=A]'DIUS, an interradial part, esp. of a hydrozoan.

INTERRAMAL, in-t[.e]r-r[=a]'mal, _adj._ situated between the rami or forks of the lower jaw.

INTERREGAL, in-t[.e]r-r[=e]'gal, _adj._ existing between kings.

INTERREGNUM, in-t[.e]r-reg'num, _n._ the time between two reigns: the time between the cessation of one and the establishment of another government: any breach of continuity in order, &c.--_n._ IN'TERREIGN (_Bacon_). [L. _inter_, between, _regnum_, rule.]

INTERRELATION, in-t[.e]r-r[=e]-l[=a]'shun, _n._ reciprocal relation, interconnection.---_n._ INTERREL[=A]'TIONSHIP.

INTERREX, in't[.e]r-reks, _n._ one who rules during an interregnum: a regent. [L. _inter_, between, rex, a king.]

INTERROGATE, in-t[.e]r'o-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to question: to examine by asking questions.--_v.i._ to ask questions: to inquire.--_n._ INTERROG[=A]'TION, act of interrogating: a question put: the mark placed after a question (?).--_adj._ INTERROG'ATIVE, denoting a question: expressed as a question.--_n._ a word used in asking a question.--_adv._ INTERROG'ATIVELY.--_ns._ INTERR'OGATOR; INTERROG'ATORY, a question or inquiry.--_adj._ expressing a question. [L. _interrog[=a]re_, -_[=a]tum_--_inter_, between, _rog[=a]re_, to ask.]

INTERRUPT, in-t[.e]r-rupt', _v.t._ to break in between: to stop or hinder by breaking in upon: to divide: to break continuity.--_adj._ (_Milt._) gaping apart.--_adv._ INTERRUP'TEDLY, with interruptions.--_ns._ INTERRUP'TER, INTERRUP'TOR; INTERRUP'TION, act of interrupting: hinderance: cessation.--_adj._ INTERRUP'TIVE, tending to interrupt.--_adv._ INTERRUP'TIVELY. [L. _interrump[)e]re_--_inter_, between, _rump[)e]re_, _ruptum_, to break.]

INTERSCAPULAR, in-t[.e]r-ska'p[=u]-lar, _adj._ (_anat._) between the shoulder-blades.

INTERSCRIBE, in-t[.e]r-skr[=i]b', _v.t._ to write between. [L. _interscrib[)e]re_--_inter_, between, _scrib[)e]re_, to write.]

INTERSECANT, in-t[.e]r-s[=e]'kant, _adj._ dividing into parts: crossing.

INTERSECT, in-t[.e]r-sekt', _v.t._ to cut between or asunder: to cut or cross mutually: to divide into parts.--_v.i._ to cross each other.--_n._ INTERSEC'TION, intersecting: (_geom._) the point or line in which two lines or two planes cut each other.--_adj._ INTERSEC'TIONAL. [L. _inter_, between, _sec[=a]re_, _sectum_, to cut.]

INTERSEGMENTAL, in-t[.e]r-seg'men-tal, _adj._ pertaining to two or more segments, situated between segments.

INTERSEPTAL, in-t[.e]r-sep'tal, _adj._ situated between septa.

INTERSIDEREAL, in-t[.e]r-s[=i]-d[=e]'re-al, _adj._ situated between or among the stars.

INTERSOCIAL, in-t[.e]r-s[=o]'shal, _adj._ having mutual social relations.

INTERSONANT, in-t[.e]r's[=o]-nant, _adj._ sounding between.

INTERSPACE, in't[.e]r-sp[=a]s, _n._ a space between objects, an interval.--_v.t._ to occupy the space between.--_adj._ INTERSP[=A]'TIAL.--_adv._ INTERSP[=A]'TIALLY.

INTERSPECIFIC, in-t[.e]r-sp[=e]-sif'ik, _adj._ existing between species.

INTERSPERSE, in-t[.e]r-sp[.e]rs', _v.t._ to scatter or set here and there.--_n._ INTERSPER'SION. [L. _intersperg[)e]re_, _-spersum_--_inter_, among, _sparg[)e]re_, to scatter.]

INTERSPINOUS, in-t[.e]r-sp[=i]'nus, _adj._ situated between spines.--Also INTERSP[=I]'NAL.

INTERSTATE, in't[.e]r-st[=a]t, _adj._ existing between different states or persons therein.

INTERSTELLAR, in-t[.e]r-stel'ar, _adj._ situated beyond the solar system or among the stars: in the intervals between the stars.--Also INTERSTELL'ARY. [L. _inter_, between, _stella_, a star.]

INTERSTICE, in't[.e]r-stis, or in-t[.e]r'stis, _n._ a small space between things closely set, or between the parts which compose a body.--_adj._ INTERSTIT'IAL. [Fr.,--L.,--_inter_, between, _sist[)e]re_, _stitum_, to stand.]

INTERSTRATIFICATION, in-t[.e]r-strat-i-fi-k[=a]'shun, _n._ the state of lying between other strata.--_adj._ INTERSTRAT'IFIED, stratified between other bodies.--_v.i._ INTERSTRAT'IFY.

INTERSTRIAL, in-t[.e]r-str[=i]'al, _adj._ situated between striæ.

INTERTANGLE, in-t[.e]r-tang'gl, _v.t,_ to intertwist.

INTERTARSAL, in-t[.e]r-tär'sal, _adj._ between tarsal bones.

INTERTENTACULAR, in-t[.e]r-ten-tak'[=u]-lar, _adj._ situated between tentacles.

INTERTERGAL, in-t[.e]r-t[.e]r'gal, _adj._ situated between the terga or tergites of an arthropod.

INTERTERRITORIAL, in-t[.e]r-ter-ri-t[=o]'ri-al, _adj._ between territories or their inhabitants.

INTERTEXTURE, in-t[.e]r-teks't[=u]r, _n._ a being interwoven.

INTERTIDAL, in-t[.e]r-t[=i]'dal, _adj._ living between low-water and high-water mark.

INTERTIE, in't[.e]r-t[=i], _n._ (_archit._) in roofing, &c., a short timber binding together upright posts.

INTERTISSUE, in-t[.e]r-tish'[=u], _v.t._ (_Shak._) to interweave.

INTERTRAFFIC, in-t[.e]r-traf'ik, _n._ traffic between two or more persons or places.

INTERTRANSVERSE, in-t[.e]r-trans'v[.e]rs, _adj._ between the transverse processes of successive vertebræ.

INTERTRIBAL, in-t[.e]r-tr[=i]'bal, _adj._ existing or taking place between tribes.

INTERTRIGO, in-t[.e]r-tr[=i]'g[=o], _n._ an inflammation of the skin from chafing or rubbing. [L. _inter_, between, _ter[)e]re_, _tritum_, to rub.]

INTERTROPICAL, in-t[.e]r-trop'ik-al, _adj._ between the tropics.

INTERTWINE, in-t[.e]r-tw[=i]n', _v.t._ to twine or twist together.--_v.i._ to be twisted together: to become mutually involved.--_adv._ INTERTW[=I]N'INGLY.

INTERTWIST, in-t[.e]r-twist', _v.t._ to twist together.--_adv._ INTERTWIST'INGLY.

INTERUNION, in-t[.e]r-[=u]n'yun, _n._ an interblending.

INTERVAL, in't[.e]r-val, _n._ time or space between: any dividing tract in space or time: (_mus._) the difference of pitch between any two musical tones.--_n._ IN'TERV[=A]LE (_U.S._), a level tract along a river.--_adj._ INTERVAL'LIC--_n._ INTERVAL'LUM, an interval. [Fr.,--L. _intervallum_--_inter_, between, _vallum_, a rampart.]

INTERVEINED, in-t[.e]r-v[=a]nd', _adj._ (_Milt._) intersected, as with veins.

INTERVENE, in-t[.e]r-v[=e]n', _v.i._ to come or be between: to occur between points of time: to happen so as to interrupt: to interpose.--_v.t._ (_rare_) to separate.--_adj._ INTERVEN'IENT, being or passing between: intervening.--_ns._ INTERVEN'TION, intervening: interference: mediation: interposition; INTERVEN'TIONIST, one who advocates interference with the course of disease rather than leaving it to nature; INTERVEN'TOR, a mediator in ecclesiastical controversies: (_U.S._) a mine-inspector. [Fr.,--L. _inter_, between, _ven[=i]re_, to come.]

INTERVENTRICULAR, in-t[.e]r-ven-trik'[=u]-lar, _adj._ situated between ventricles, as those of the heart or brain.

INTERVERTEBRAL, in-t[.e]r-v[.e]r'te-bral, _adj._ situated between two successive vertebræ.

INTERVIEW, in't[.e]r-v[=u], _n._ a mutual view or sight: a meeting: a conference: a visit to a notable or notorious person with a view to publishing a report of his conversation--_v.t._ to visit with this purpose.--_n._ IN'TERVIEWER, one who visits another for this purpose. [O. Fr. _entrevue_--_entre_, between, _voir_, to see.]

INTERVISIBLE, in-t[.e]r-viz'i-bl, _adj._ mutually visible.

INTERVITAL, in-t[.e]r-v[=i]'tal, _adj._ between lives, between death and resurrection.

INTERVOCALIC, in-t[.e]r-v[=o]-kal'ik, _adj._ between vowels.

INTERVOLVE, in-t[.e]r-volv', _v.t._ to involve or comprise one within another. [L. _inter_, within, _volv[)e]re_, to roll.]

INTERWEAVE, in-t[.e]r-w[=e]v', _v.t._ to weave together: to intermingle.

INTERWORK, in-t[.e]r-wurk', _v.i._ to work together: to work intermediately.--_p.adj._ INTERWROUGHT'.

INTESTATE, in-tes't[=a]t, _adj._ dying without having made a valid will: not disposed of by will.--_n._ a person who dies without making a valid will.--_adj._ INTES'TABLE, legally unqualified to make a will.--_n._ INTES'TACY, the state of one dying without having made a valid will. [L. _intest[=a]tus_--_in_, not, _test[=a]ri_, _-atus_, to make a will.]

INTESTINE, in-tes'tin, _adj._ internal: contained in the animal body: domestic: not foreign.--_n.pl._ a part of the digestive system, divided into the smaller intestine (comprising duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and the greater intestine.--_adj._ INTES'TINAL, pertaining to the intestines of an animal body. [Fr.,--L. _intestinus_--_intus_, within.]

INTHRAL. See ENTHRAL.

INTIL, in-til', _prep._ (_Shak._) into, in, unto.

INTIMATE, in'ti-m[=a]t, _adj._ innermost: internal: close: closely acquainted: familiar.--_n._ a familiar friend: an associate.--_v.t._ to hint: to announce.--_n._ IN'TIMACY, state of being intimate: close familiarity.--_adv._ IN'TIMATELY.--_n._ INTIM[=A]'TION, obscure notice: hint: announcement. [L. _intim[=a]re_, _[=a]tum_--_intimus_, _innermost_--_intus_, within.]

INTIMIDATE, in-tim'i-d[=a]t, _v.t._ to make timid or fearful: to dispirit.--_n._ INTIMID[=A]'TION, act of intimidating: use of violence or threats to influence the conduct or compel the consent of another: state of being intimidated.--_adj._ INTIM'IDATORY.

INTINCTION, in-tingk'shun, _n._ an Eastern mode of administering both elements of communion at once by dipping the bread into the wine, usually by the cochlear or eucharistic spoon. [Low L.,--L. _inting[)e]re_, _intinctum_, to dip in.]

INTITULE, in-tit'[=u]l, same as ENTITLE.--INTITULED, intit'[=u]ld, same as ENTITLED.

INTO, in't[=oo], _prep._ noting passage inwards: noting the passage of a thing from one state to another: (_B._) often used for _unto_.

INTOED, in-t[=o]d', _adj._ having the toes more or less turned inwards.

INTOLERABLE, in-tol'[.e]r-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be endured.--_n._ INTOL'ERABLENESS.--_adv._ INTOL'ERABLY.--_ns._ INTOL'ERANCE, INTOLER[=A]'TION.--_adj._ INTOL'ERANT, not able or willing to endure: not enduring difference of opinion: persecuting.--_n._ one opposed to toleration.--_adv._ INTOL'ERANTLY.

INTOMB, in-t[=oo]m'. Same as ENTOMB.

INTONATE, in'ton-[=a]t, _v.i._ to sound forth: to sound the notes of a musical scale: to modulate the voice.--_n._ INTON[=A]'TION, act or manner of sounding musical notes: modulation of the voice: the opening phrase of any plain-song melody, sung usually either by the officiating priest alone, or by one or more selected choristers. [Low L. _inton[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--L. _in tonum_, according to tone.]

INTONE, in-t[=o]n', _v.i._ to utter in tones: to give forth a low protracted sound.--_v.t._ to chant: to read (the church service) in a singing, recitative manner.--_n._ INT[=O]N'ING, a modern popular term for the utterance in musical recitative of the versicles, responses, collects, &c. of the Anglican liturgy.

INTORSION, INTORTION, in-tor'shun, _n._ a twisting, winding, or bending.--_v.t._ INTORT', to twist.

INTOXICATE, in-toks'i-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to make drunk: to excite to enthusiasm or madness.--_n._ INTOX'ICANT, an intoxicating liquor.--_p.adj._ INTOX'IC[=A]TING, producing intoxication: inebriating.--_n._ INTOXIC'[=A]TION, state of being drunk: high excitement or elation. [Low L. _intoxic[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_toxicum_--Gr. _toxikon_, a poison in which arrows were dipped--_toxon_, an arrow.]

INTRA, in'tra, _adv. prefix_, within, as in IN'TRA-ABDOM'INAL, situated within the cavity of the abdomen; IN'TRA-ART[=E]'RIAL, existing within an artery; IN'TRA-CAP'SULAR, lying within a capsule; IN'TRA-CAR'DIAC, within the heart; IN'TRA-CELL'ULAR, inside a cell; IN'TRA-PARI[=E]'TAL, within walls, private: situated in the parietal lobe of the brain; IN'TRA-TERRIT[=O]'RIAL, existing within a territory; IN'TRA-TROP'ICAL, situated within the tropics; IN'TRA-UR'BAN, within a city.

INTRACTABLE, in-trakt'a-bl, _adj._ unmanageable: obstinate.--_ns._ INTRACTABIL'ITY, INTRACT'ABLENESS.--_adv._ INTRACT'ABLY.

INTRADOS, in-tr[=a]'dos, _n._ (_archit._) the interior or lower line or surface of an arch or vault:--opp. to _Extrados_, the exterior or upper curve. [Fr.,--L. _intra_, within, _dorsum_, the back.]

INTRAMUNDANE, in-tra-mun'd[=a]n, _adj._ within the world.

INTRAMURAL, in-tra-m[=u]'ral, _adj._ within the walls.

INTRANSIGENT, in-tran'si-jent, _adj._ refusing to come to any understanding, irreconcilable.--_ns._ INTRAN'SIGENTISM, the political practice or principles of such; INTRAN'SIGENTIST, one who practises such a method of opposition, esp. a member of a revolutionary party in Spain about 1873, and of a socialistic party in France. [Fr. _intransigeant_--Sp. _intransigente_--L. _in_, not, _transigens_, pr.p. of _transig[)e]re_, to transact.]

INTRANSITIVE, in-tran'si-tiv, _adj._ not passing over or indicating passing over: (_gram._) representing action confined to the agent.--_adv._ INTRAN'SITIVELY.

INTRANSMISSIBLE, in-trans-mis'i-bl, _adj._ that cannot be transmitted.

INTRANSMUTABLE, in-trans-m[=u]t'a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be changed into another substance.--_n._ INTRANSMUTABIL'ITY.

INTRANT, in'trant, _adj._ entering: penetrating.--_n._ one who enters, esp. on some public duty. [L. _intrans_, _-antis_--_intr[=a]re_, to enter.]

INTREASURE, in-trezh'[=u]r, _v.t._ to lay up securely.

INTREAT, in-tr[=e]t', _v.t._ (_Spens._) same as ENTREAT.--_adj._ INTREAT'FUL (_Spens._), full of entreaty.

INTRENCH, INTRENCHMENT. See ENTRENCH.

INTRENCHANT, in-trensh'ant, _adj._ (_Shak._) not to be cut or wounded, indivisible.

INTREPID, in-trep'id, _adj._ without trepidation or fear: undaunted: brave.--_n._ INTREPID'ITY, firm, unshaken courage.--_adv._ INTREP'IDLY. [L. _intrepidus_--_in_, not, _trepidus_, alarmed.]

INTRICATE, in'tri-k[=a]t, _adj._ involved: entangled: perplexed.--_ns._ IN'TRICACY, IN'TRICATENESS.--_adv._ IN'TRICATELY. [L. _intric[=a]tus_--_in_, in, _tric[=a]re_, to make difficulties--_tricæ_, hinderances.]

INTRIGUE, in-tr[=e]g', _n._ a complex plot: a private or party scheme: the plot of a play or romance: secret illicit love.--_v.i._ to form a plot or scheme: to carry on illicit love:--_pr.p._ intrigu'ing; _pa.p._ intrigued'.--_ns._ IN'TRIGANT, INTRIG'UER, one who intrigues, or pursues an object by secret artifices. [Fr. _intriguer_--_intric[=a]re_. See INTRICATE.]

INTRINSE, in-trins', _adj._ (_Shak._) intricate.

INTRINSIC, -AL, in-trin'sik, -al, _p.adj._ inward: genuine: inherent: essential, belonging to the point at issue: (_anat._) applied to those muscles of the limbs entirely contained within the anatomical limits of the limb.--_n._ INTRINSICAL'ITY.--_adv._ INTRIN'SICALLY.--_n._ INTRIN'SICALNESS, the quality of being intrinsical: genuineness. [Fr.,--L. _intrinsecus_--_intra_, within, _secus_, following.]

INTRINSICATE, in-trins'i-k[=a]t, _adj._ (_Shak._) intricate.

INTROCESSION, in-tro-sesh'un, _n._ (_med._) a sinking of any part inwards: depression. [L. _intro_, inwardly, _ced[)e]re_, _cessum_, to go.]

INTRODUCE, in-tro-d[=u]s', _v.t._ to lead or bring in: to conduct into a place: formally to make known or acquainted: to bring into notice or practice: to commence: to preface.--_n._ INTRODUC'TION, act of conducting into: act of making persons known to each other: act of bringing into notice or practice: preliminary matter to the main thoughts of a book: (_mus._) a kind of preface or prelude to a following movement: a treatise introductory to a science or course of study.--_adjs._ INTRODUC'TORY, INTRODUC'TIVE, serving to introduce: preliminary: prefatory.--_adv._ INTRODUC'TORILY. [L. _introduc[)e]re_, _-ductum_--_intro_, within, _duc[)e]re_, to lead.]

INTROIT, in-tr[=o]'it, _n._ an anthem sung at the beginning of the mass, immediately after the _Confiteor_, and when the priest has ascended to the altar. [L. _introitus_--_intro[=i]re_--_intro_, within, _[=i]re_, _itum_, to go.]

INTROMIT, in-tro-mit', _v.t._ to send within: to admit: to permit to enter.--_v.i._ to interfere with the effects of another:--_pr.p._ intromit'ting; _pa.p._ intromit'ted.--_ns._ INTROMISS'ION, sending within or into: (_Scots law_) the assumption of authority to deal with another's property--_legal_, where the party is expressly or impliedly authorised, either by judgment or deed, to interfere, as by drawing the rents or getting in debts--_vicious_, where an heir or next of kin, without any authority, interferes with a deceased person's estate; INTROMIT'TER, one who intromits. [L. _intro_, within, _mitt[)e]re_, _missum_, to send.]

INTRORSE, in-trors', _adj._ turned or facing inward.--_adv._ INTRORSE'LY. [L. _introrsus_, toward the middle.]

INTROSPECT, in-tro-spekt', _v.t._ to look into anything.--_v.i._ to practise introspection.--_ns._ INTROSPEC'TION, a sight of the inside or interior: the act of directly observing the processes of one's own mind, self-examination; INTROSPEC'TIONIST.--_adj._ INTROSPEC'TIVE. [L. _intro_, within, _spec[)e]re_, to see.]

INTROSUSCEPTION, in-tro-su-sep'shun, _n._ the act of taking in, as nourishment. [L. _intro_, within, _susception-em_, _suscip[)e]re_.]

INTROVERT, in-tro-v[.e]rt', _v.t._ to turn inward.--_n._ anything introverted.--_n._ INTROVER'SION.--_adj._ INTROVER'SIVE. [L. _intro_, within, _vert[)e]re_, to turn.]

INTRUDE, in-tr[=oo]d', _v.i._ to thrust one's self in: to enter uninvited or unwelcome.--_v.t._ to force in.--_ns._ INTRUD'ER; INTRU'SION, act of intruding or of entering into a place without welcome or invitation: encroachment: a pushing in, an abnormal irruption, esp. in geology, of such rocks as have come up from below into another rock or series of beds; INTRU'SIONIST, one who intrudes, esp. one of those who, before the Scotch Disruption of 1843, refused a parish the right of objecting to the settlement of an obnoxious minister by a patron:--opp. to _Non-intrusionist_.--_adj._ INTRU'SIVE, tending or apt to intrude: entering without welcome or right.--_adv._ INTRU'SIVELY.--_n._ INTRU'SIVENESS. [L. _in_, in, _trud[)e]re_, _trusum_, to thrust.]

INTRUST. See ENTRUST.

INTUITION, in-t[=u]-ish'un, _n._ the power of the mind by which it immediately perceives the truth of things without reasoning or analysis: a truth so perceived, immediate knowledge in contrast with mediate.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ IN'TUIT, to know intuitively.--_adj._ INTUIT'IONAL.--_ns._ INTUIT'IONALISM, the doctrine that the perception of truth is by intuition; INTUIT'IONALIST.--_adj._ INT[=U]'ITIVE, perceived or perceiving by intuition: received or known by simple inspection.--_adv._ INT[=U]'ITIVELY.--_n._ INT[=U]'ITIVISM. [L. _in_, into or upon, _tu[=e]ri_, _tuitus_, to look.]

INTUMESCENCE, in-t[=u]-mes'ens, _n._ the action of swelling: a swelling: a tumid state.--_v.i._ INTUMESCE', to swell up. [Fr.,--L. _in_, in, _tum[=e]re_, to swell.]

INTURBIDATE, in-tur'bi-d[=a]t, _v.t._ to render turbid. [L. _in_, in, _turbid[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to trouble.]

INTUSE, in't[=u]s, _n._ (_Spens._) a bruise. [L. _in_, in, _tund[)e]re_, _tusum_, to bruise.]

INTUSSUSCEPTION, in-tus-su-sep'shun, _n._ the partial displacement of the bowel in which one portion of it passes into the portion immediately adjacent to it--also called _Invagination_.--_v.t._ IN'TUSSUSCEPT, to take into the interior.--_adjs._ INTUSSUSCEP'TED; INTUSSUSCEP'TIVE. [L. _intus_, within, _susception-em_--_suscip[)e]re_, to take up.]

INTWINE, in-tw[=i]n'. Same as ENTWINE.

INTWIST, in-twist'. Same as ENTWIST.

INULIN, in'[=u]-lin, _n._ a starch-like product used in medicine, obtained principally from the roots of the plant _Inula_ or _Elecampane._ [Prob. Gr. _helenion_.]

INUMBRATE, in-um'br[=a]t, _v.t._ to cast a shadow upon: to shade. [L. _inumbr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, in, _umbr[=a]re_, to shade--_umbra_, a shadow.]

INUNCTION, in-ungk'shun, _n._ the act of anointing, the process of rubbing into the skin, as an ointment or liniment.--_n._ INUNCTUOS'ITY, absence of oiliness.

INUNDATE, in-un'd[=a]t, or in'-, _v.t._ to flow upon or over in waves (said of water): to flood: to fill with an overflowing abundance.--_adj._ INUN'DANT, overflowing.--_n._ INUND[=A]'TION, act of inundating: a flood: an overflowing. [L.,--_inund[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, in, _und[=a]re_, to rise in waves--_unda_, a wave.]

INURBANE, in-ur-b[=a]n', _adj._ not urbane, unpolished.--_adv._ INURBANE'LY.--_n._ INURBAN'ITY.

INURE, in-[=u]r', _v.t._ to use or practise habitually: to accustom: to harden.--_v.i._ (_law_) to come into use or effect: to serve to the use or benefit of.--_n._ INURE'MENT, act of inuring: practice. [From in and _ure_--O. Fr. _eure_ (Fr. _oeuvre_, work)--L. _opera_, work; the same word _ure_ is found in _manure_ (q.v.).]

INURN, in-urn', _v.t._ to place in an urn: to entomb.

INUSITATION, in-[=u]-zi-t[=a]'shun, _n._ (_obs._) disuse.

INUTILITY, in-[=u]-til'i-ti, _n._ want of utility: uselessness: unprofitableness: something useless.

INUTTERABLE, in-ut'[.e]r-a-bl, _adj._ not to be uttered.

INVADE, in-v[=a]d', _v.t._ to enter a country as an enemy: to attack: to encroach upon: to violate: to seize or fall upon.--_ns._ INVAD'ER; INV[=A]'SION, the act of invading: an attack: an incursion: an attack on the rights of another: an encroachment: a violation.--_adj._ INV[=A]'SIVE, making invasion: aggressive: infringing another's rights. [Fr.,--L. _invad[)e]re_, _invasum_--_in_, in, _vad[)e]re_, to go.]

INVAGINATION, in-vaj-i-n[=a]'shun, _n._ intussusception. [L. _in_, not, _vagina_, a sheath.]

INVALID, in-val'id, _adj._ without value, weight, or cogency: having no effect: void: null.--_adj._ IN'VALID, deficient in health, sick, weak.--_n._ one who is weak: a sickly person: one disabled for active service, esp. a soldier or sailor.--_v.t._ to make invalid or affect with disease: to enrol on the list of invalids.--_v.t._ INVAL'ID[=A]TE, to render invalid: to weaken or destroy the force of.--_ns._ INVALID[=A]'TION; IN'VALIDHOOD, IN'VALIDISM; IN'VALIDING, the return home, or to a more healthy climate, of soldiers or sailors who have been rendered incapable of active duty by wounds or the severity of foreign service; INVALID'ITY, INVAL'IDNESS, want of cogency: want of force.

INVALUABLE, in-val'[=u]-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be valued: priceless.--_adv._ INVAL'UABLY.

INVARIABLE, in-v[=a]'ri-a-bl, _adj._ not variable: without variation or change: unalterable: constantly in the same state.--_ns._ INV[=A]'RIABLENESS, INVARIABIL'ITY, the quality of being invariable or unchangeable.--_adv._ INV[=A]'RIABLY.

INVASION. See INVADE.

INVECKED, in-vekt', _adj._ invected.

INVECTED, in-vek'ted, _adj._ (_her._) having a border-line of small convex or outer curves:--opp. to _Engrailed_, of a line, or the edge of a bearing. [L. _invectus_, _inveh[)e]re_, to enter.]

INVECTIVE, in-vek'tiv, _n._ a severe or reproachful accusation brought against any one: an attack with words: a violent utterance of censure: sarcasm, or satire.--_adj._ railing: abusive: satirical.--_adv._ INVEC'TIVELY, by invective: satirically: sarcastically. [See INVEIGH.]

INVEIGH, in-v[=a]', _v.i._ to attack with words: to rail against: to revile. [L. _inveh[)e]re_, _invectum_--_in_, in, _veh[)e]re_, to carry.]

INVEIGLE, in-v[=e]'gl, _v.t._ to entice: to seduce: to wheedle.--_ns._ INVEI'GLEMENT, an enticing: an enticement--older forms INVEA'GLE, ENVEI'GLE; INVEI'GLER. [Ety. dub.; prob. a corr. of O. Fr. _enveogler_ (Fr. _aveugle_, blind)--L. _ab_, without, _oculus_, the eye.]

INVENDIBLE, in-ven'di-bl, _adj._ not vendible.--_n._ INVENDIBIL'ITY.

INVENT, in-vent', _v.t._ to devise or contrive: to make: to frame: to fabricate: to forge.--_adj._ INVEN'TIBLE.--_n._ INVEN'TION, that which is invented: contrivance: a deceit: power or faculty of inventing: ability displayed by any invention or effort of the imagination.--_adj._ INVEN'TIVE, able to invent: ready in contrivance.--_adv._ INVEN'TIVELY.--_ns._ INVEN'TIVENESS; INVEN'TOR, INVEN'TER, one who invents or finds out something new:--_fem._ INVEN'TRESS.--INVENTION OF THE CROSS, a festival observed on May 3, in commemoration of the alleged discovery of the true cross at Jerusalem in 326 by Helena, mother of Constantine the Great. [Fr.,--L. _inven[=i]re_, _inventum_--_in_, upon, _ven[=i]re_, to come.]

INVENTORY, in'ven-tor-i, _n._ a list or schedule of articles comprised in an estate, describing each article separately and precisely so as to show of what the estate consists.--_v.t._ to make an inventory of.--_adj._ INVENT[=O]'RIAL.--_adv._ INVENT[=O]'RIALLY. [Fr. _inventaire_--L. _inventarium_, a list of things found.]

INVERNESS-CAPE, in-v[.e]r-nes'-k[=a]p, _n._ a form of overcoat with cape or tippet--named from _Inverness_.

INVERSE, in-v[.e]rs', _adj._ inverted: in the reverse or contrary order: opposite, inverted--opp. to _Direct_: (_math._) opposite in effect, of one operation that annuls the effect of another, as subtraction to addition, &c.--_n._ an inverted state, a direct opposite.--_adv._ INVERSE'LY.--_n._ INVER'SION, the act of inverting: the state of being inverted: a change of order or position.--_adj._ INVER'SIVE.

INVERT, in-v[.e]rt', _v.t._ to turn in or about: to turn upside down: to reverse: to change the customary order or position.--_n._ (_archit._) an inverted arch or vault, as the floor of a sewer, &c.--_adj._ INVER'TED, turned upside down: reversed: (_geol._) denoting strata that appear to have been reversed or folded back by upheaval.--_adv._ INVER'TEDLY, in an inverted or contrary manner.--INVERTED ARCH, an arch with its curve turned downwards, as in a sewer. [L. _invert[)e]re_, _inversum_--_in_, in, _vert[)e]re_, to turn.]

INVERTEBRAL, in-v[.e]rt'e-bral, INVERTEBRATE, in-v[.e]rt'ebr[=a]t, _adj._ without a vertebral column or backbone: weak, irresolute.--_n.pl._ INVERTEBR[=A]'TA, a collective name for those animals which agree in not exhibiting the characteristics of vertebrates.--_n._ INVER'TEBRATE, an animal destitute of a skull and vertebral column.

INVEST, in-vest', _v.t._ to put vesture on, to dress: to confer or give: to place in office or authority: to adorn: to surround: to block up: to lay siege to: to place: as property in business: to lay out money on.--_adj._ INVES'TITIVE.--_ns._ INVES'TITURE, in feudal and ecclesiastical history, the act of giving corporal possession of a manor, office, or benefice, accompanied by a certain ceremonial, such as the delivery of a branch, a banner, &c., to signify the authority which it is supposed to convey; INVEST'MENT, the act of investing: a blockade: the act of surrounding or besieging: laying out money on: any placing of money to secure income or profit: that in which anything is invested: (_Shak._) clothing; INVES'TOR, one who invests. [L. _invest[=i]re_, _-[=i]tum_--_in_, on, _vest[=i]re_, to clothe.]

INVESTIGATE, in-vest'i-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to search into: to inquire into with care and accuracy.--_adj._ INVEST'IGABLE, able to be investigated.--_n._ INVESTIG[=A]'TION, act of examining into: research: study.--_adjs._ INVEST'IG[=A]TIVE, INVEST'IG[=A]TORY, promoting or given to investigation.--_n._ INVEST'IG[=A]TOR, one who investigates. [L. _investig[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, in, _vestig[=a]re_, to track.]

INVETERATE, in-vet'[.e]r-[=a]t, _adj._ firmly established by long continuance: deep-rooted, confirmed in any habit: violent.--_adv._ INVET'ERATELY.--_ns._ INVET'ERATENESS, INVET'ERACY, firmness produced by long use or continuance. [L. _inveter[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to grow old--_in_, in, _vetus_, _veteris_, old.]

INVEXED, in-vekst', _adj._ (_her._) shaped in a curve.

INVIDIOUS, in-vid'i-us, _adj._ likely to incur or provoke ill-will: likely to excite envy, enviable: offensively discriminating.--_adv._ INVID'IOUSLY.--_n._ INVID'IOUSNESS. [L. _invidiosus_--_invidia_, envy.]

INVIGORATE, in-vig'or-[=a]t, _v.t._ to give vigour to: to strengthen: to animate.--_ns._ INVIGOR[=A]'TION, the act or state of being invigorated; INVIG'ORATOR, something that invigorates.

INVINCIBLE, in-vin'si-bl, _adj._ that cannot be overcome: insuperable.--_ns._ INVIN'CIBLENESS, INVINCIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ INVIN'CIBLY.--INVINCIBLE IGNORANCE (see IGNORANCE).--THE INVINCIBLE DOCTOR, William of Occam (c. 1280-1349).

INVIOLABLE, in-v[=i]'[=o]l-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be profaned: that cannot be injured.--_ns._ INVIOLABIL'ITY, INV[=I]'OLABLENESS, the quality of being inviolable.--_adv._ INV[=I]'OLABLY.--_adjs._ INV[=I]'OL[=A]TE, -D, not violated: unprofaned: uninjured.--_adv._ INV[=I]'OL[=A]TELY, without violation.--_n._ INV[=I]'OL[=A]TENESS, the quality of being inviolate.

INVIOUS, in'vi-us, _adj._ (_rare_) impassable. [L.]

INVISIBLE, in-viz'i-bl, _adj._ not visible or capable of being seen--(_Shak._) INVISED'.--_ns._ INVISIBIL'ITY, INVIS'IBLENESS.--_adv._ INVIS'IBLY.--INVISIBLE CHURCH (see VISIBLE); INVISIBLE GREEN, a shade of green so dark as to be almost black; INVISIBLE INK (see INK).

INVITE, in-v[=i]t', _v.t._ to ask: to summon: to allure: to attract.--_v.i._ to ask in invitation.--_n._ INVIT[=A]'TION, the act of inviting: an asking or solicitation, the written or verbal form with which a person is invited: the brief exhortation introducing the confession in the Anglican communion-office.--_adj._ INVIT'[=A]TORY, using or containing invitation.--_n._ a form of invitation in worship, esp. the antiphon to the Venite or 95th Psalm.--_ns._ INVITE'MENT (_Lamb_), allurement, temptation; INVIT'ER.--_p.adj._ INVIT'ING, alluring: attractive.--_n._ (_Shak._) invitation.--_adv._ INVIT'INGLY, in an inviting manner.--_n._ INVIT'INGNESS, attractiveness. [Fr.,--L. _invit[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_.]

INVITRIFIABLE, in-vit'ri-f[=i]-a-bl, _adj._ not vitrifiable.

INVOCATE, in'vo-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to invoke or call on solemnly or with prayer; to implore.--_n._ INVOC[=A]'TION, the act or the form of invocating or addressing in prayer or supplication: a call or summons, especially a judicial order: any formal invoking of the blessing of God, esp. an opening prayer in a public religious service, and the petitions in the Litany addressed to God in each person and in the Trinity.--_adj._ INVOC'ATORY, that invokes: making invocation. [See INVOKE.]

INVOICE, in'vois, _n._ a letter of advice of the despatch of goods, with particulars of their price and quantity.--_v.t._ to make an invoice of. [Prob. a corr. of _envois_, pl. of Fr. _envoi_.]

INVOKE, in-v[=o]k', _v.t._ to call upon earnestly or solemnly: to implore assistance: to address in prayer. [Fr.,--L. _invoc[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, on, _voc[=a]re_, to call.]

INVOLUCRE, in-vol-[=u]'k[.e]r, _n._ (_bot._) a group of bracts in the form of a whorl around an expanded flower or umbel--also INVOL[=U]'CRUM.--_ns._ INVOL'UCEL, INVOLUCEL'LUM, a secondary involucre.--_adjs._ IN'VOLUCRAL, INVOL[=U]'CRATE, having an involucre.--_n._ INVOL[=U]'CRET. [L. _involucrum_--_involv[)e]re_, to involve.]

INVOLUNTARY, in-vol'un-tar-i, _adj._ not voluntary: not having the power of will or choice: not done willingly: not chosen.--_adv._ INVOL'UNTARILY.--_n._ INVOL'UNTARINESS.

INVOLUTE, in'vo-l[=u]t, _n._ that which is involved or rolled inward: a curve traced by the end of a string unwinding itself from another curve.--_adjs._ IN'VOLUTE, -D (_bot._), rolled spirally inward: turned inward, of shells.--_n._ INVOL[=U]'TION, the action of involving: state of being involved or entangled: complicated grammatical construction: (_arith._) act or process of raising a quantity to any given power. [See INVOLVE.]

INVOLVE, in-volv', _v.t._ to wrap up: to envelop: to implicate: to include: to complicate: to overwhelm: to catch: (_arith._) to multiply a quantity into itself any given number of times.--_n._ INVOLVE'MENT, act of involving: state of being involved or entangled. [Fr.--L. _involv[)e]re_--_in_, upon, _volv[)e]re_, _vol[=u]tum_, to roll.]

INVULNERABLE, in-vul'n[.e]r-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be wounded.--_ns._ INVULNERABIL'ITY, INVUL'NERABLENESS.--_adv._ INVUL'NERABLY.

INVULTUATION, in-vul-t[=u]-[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of piercing a wax or clay image of a person that he may suffer torture and die--one of the commonest methods of witchcraft. [Low L. _invultuation-em_--_invultare_, to stab the face of--L. _in_, in, _vultus_, the face.]

INWALL. See ENWALL.

INWARD, in'ward, _adj._ placed or being within: internal: seated in the mind or soul, not perceptible to the senses, as the 'inward part' of a sacrament: (_B._) intimate.--_n.pl._ (_B._) the intestines.--_adv._ toward the inside: toward the interior: into the mind or thoughts.--_adv._ IN'WARDLY, in the parts within: in the heart: privately: toward the centre.--_n._ IN'WARDNESS, internal state: inner meaning or significance: (_Shak._) intimacy, familiarity.--_adv._ IN'WARDS, same as INWARD. [A.S. _inneweard_ (adv.).]

INWEAVE, in-w[=e]v', _v.t._ to weave into: to complicate.

INWICK, in'wik, _n._ in curling, a stroke in which the stone rebounds from the inside edge of another stone, and then slides close to the tee.

INWIT, in'wit, _n._ inward knowledge, conscience.

INWORK, in-wurk', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to work in or into.--_n._ IN'WORKING, energy exerted inwardly.--_p.adj._ IN'WROUGHT, wrought in or among other things: adorned with figures.

INWORN, in-w[=o]rn', _adj._ worn or worked into, inwrought.

INWRAP=ENWRAP.

INWREATHE=ENWREATHE.

IO, [=i]'[=o], _n._ an exclamation of joy or triumph. [L.]

IODAL, [=i]'[=o]-dal, _adj._ _n._ an oily liquid compound with properties like chloral, obtained by treating iodine with alcohol and nitric acid.

IODINE, [=i]'o-din, _n._ one of the four non-metallic elements, so named from the violet colour of its vapour.--_n._ I'OD[=A]TE, a combination of iodic acid with a salifiable base.--_adj._ IOD'IC, containing iodine.--_n._ I'OD[=I]DE, a binary compound of iodine.--_adj._ IODIF'EROUS, yielding iodine.--_n._ I'ODISM, a morbid condition due to iodine.--_v.t._ I'OD[=I]ZE, to treat with iodine: to impregnate with iodine, as collodion.--_n._ IOD'OFORM, a lemon-yellow crystalline substance, having a saffron-like odour and an unpleasant iodine-like taste.--_adj._ IODOMET'RIC (_chem._), measured by iodine.--_ns._ I'ODURE, IOD'[=U]RET, a compound of iodine with a simple base; IOD'YRITE, a yellowish mineral composed of iodine and silver. [Gr. _ioeid[=e]s_, violet-coloured--_ion_, a violet, _eidos_, form.]

IOLITE, [=i]'o-l[=i]t, _n._ a transparent gem which presents a violet-blue colour when looked at in a certain direction. [Gr. _ion_, violet, _lithos_, stone.]

ION, [=i]'on, _n._ one of the components into which an electrolyte is broken up on electrolysis--the _Anion_, the electro-negative component, chemically attacking the anode, and the _Cation_, the electro-positive component, the cathode. [Gr. _i[=o]n_, pr.p. of _ienai_, to go.]

IONIC, [=i]-on'ik, _adj._ relating to _Ionia_ in Greece: denoting an order in architecture distinguished by the ram's-horn volute of its capital--also I[=O]'NIAN.--_vs.t._ ION'ICIZE, I'ONIZE.--_ns._ I'ONISM; I'ONIST.--IONIC DIALECT, the most important of the three main branches of the ancient Greek language (Ionic, Doric, Æolic), marked by greater softness and smoothness, the effect of its rich vowel system. Homer's _Iliad_ is written in _Old_, the history of Herodotus in _New_ Ionic: the Attic of Thucydides and Sophocles is its later form; IONIC MODE (see MODE); IONIC SCHOOL, a name given to the representative philosophers of the Ionian Greeks, such as Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Heraclitus, Anaxagoras, who debated the question what was the primordial constitutive principle of the cosmical universe.

IOTA, [=i]-[=o]'ta, _n._ a jot: a very small quantity or degree.--_ns._ IOT'ACISM, IT'ACISM, the conversion of other vowel sounds into that of iota (Eng. _[=e]_), as in modern Gr. of [Greek: ê], [Greek: u], [Greek: ei], [Greek: ê], [Greek: oi], [Greek: ui]; IT'ACIST. [Gr., the smallest letter in the alphabet, corresponding to the English _i_.]

I O U, [=i]'[=o]'[=u]', _n._ a memorandum of debt given by a borrower to a lender, requiring no stamp, but to be holograph, dated, and addressed to some person.

IPECACUANHA, ip-e-kak-[=u]-an'a, _n._ the name both of a very valuable medicine and of the plant whose root produces it--used as an emetic. [Brazilian, 'smaller roadside sick-making plant.']

IPOMÆA, ip-[=o]-m[=e]'a, _n._ a genus of nat. ord. _Convolvulaceæ_. [Gr. _ips_, a worm, _homoios_, like.]

IRACUND, [=i]'ra-kund, _adj._ (_Carlyle_) angry. [L.]

IRADE, i-rä'de, _n._ a written decree of the Sultan of Turkey.

IRANIAN, [=i]-r[=a]n'i-an, _adj._ and _n._ of or pertaining to _Iran_, Persia: a branch of the Indo-European or Aryan tongues, including Persian, Zend, Pehlevi, and Parsi: an inhabitant of Iran.--Also IRAN'IC.

IRASCIBLE, [=i]-ras'i-bl, _adj._ susceptible of ire or anger: easily provoked: irritable.--_n._ IRASCIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ IRAS'CIBLY. [Fr.,--L. _irascibilis_--_irasci_, to be angry--_ira_, anger.]

IRE, [=i]r, _n._ anger: rage: keen resentment.--_adjs._ IRATE ([=i]-r[=a]t' or i-r[=a]t'), enraged: angry; IRE'FUL, full of ire or wrath: resentful.--_adv._ IRE'FULLY.--_n._ IRE'FULNESS. [L. _ira_, anger, _irasci_, _ir[=a]tus_, to be angry.]

IRENIC, [=i]-ren'ik, _adj._ tending to create peace: pacific--also IREN'ICAL.--_n._ IREN'ICON, a proposition or scheme for peace: the deacon's litany at the beginning of the Greek liturgy--from its opening petitions for peace.--_n.pl._ _Iren'ics_, irenical theology:--opp. to _Polemics_. [See EIRENICON.]

IRICISM. See IRISH.

IRIDEÆ, [=i]-rid'e-[=e], _n.pl._ a natural order of endogenous plants, with fleshy root-stocks and showy flowers.--Also IRID[=A]'CEÆ. [Gr. _iris_, a rainbow.]

IRIDIUM, [=i]-rid'i-um, _n._ the most infusible, and one of the heaviest, of the metals, found associated with the ore of platinum, so called from the iridescence of some of its solutions.--_n._ IRIDOS'MIUM, a native compound of iridium and osmium, used for pointing gold pens. [Gr. _iris_, _iridos_, the rainbow.]

IRIS, [=i]'ris, _n._ the rainbow: an appearance resembling the rainbow: the contractile curtain perforated by the pupil, and forming the coloured part of the eye (also I'RID): the fleur-de-lis, or flagflower:--_pl._ I'RISES.--_adjs._ I'RIDAL, IRID'IAN, exhibiting the colours of the iris or rainbow: prismatic.--_ns._ IRIDES'CENCE, IRIDIS[=A]'TION.--_adjs._ IRIDES'CENT, coloured like the iris or rainbow; I'RIDINE, iridescent.--_v.t._ IR'IDISE.--_adjs._ I'RIS[=A]TED, rainbow-coloured; IR'ISED, showing colours like the rainbow.--_ns._ IR[=I]'TIS, IRID[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the iris of the eye. [L. _iris_, _iridis_--Gr. _iris_, _iridos_, the rainbow.]

IRISCOPE, [=i]'ri-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument for exhibiting the prismatic colours. [Gr. _iris_, the rainbow, _skopein_, to see.]

IRISH, [=i]'rish, _adj._ relating to or produced in Ireland.--_n._ language of the Irish, a form of Celtic: (_pl._) the natives or inhabitants of Ireland.--_ns._ I'RICISM, I'RISHISM, a phrase or idiom peculiar to the Irish.--_n.pl._ I'RISHRY, the people of Ireland.--IRISH MOSS, carrageen; IRISH STEW, a palatable dish of mutton, onions, and potatoes, seasoned, and stewed in water mixed with flour.

IRK, [.e]rk, _v.t._ to weary: to trouble: to distress (now used only impersonally).--_adj._ IRK'SOME, causing uneasiness: tedious: unpleasant.--_adv._ IRK'SOMELY.--_n._ IRK'SOMENESS. [M. E. _irken_--Scand., Sw. _yrka_, to urge; prob. cog. with L. _urg[=e]re_.]

IRON, [=i]'urn, _n._ the most common and useful of the metals: an instrument or utensil made of iron, as a hand-harpoon, &c.: a golf-club with an iron head, more set back than the cleek: strength: (_pl._) fetters: chains.--_adj._ formed of iron: resembling iron: rude: stern: fast-binding: not to be broken: robust: dull of understanding.--_v.t._ to smooth with a smoothing-iron: to arm with iron: to fetter.--_adjs._ I'RON-BOUND, bound with iron: rugged, as a coast; I'RON-CASED; I'RONCLAD, clad in iron: covered or protected with iron.--_n._ a vessel defended by iron plates.--_ns._ I'RON-CLAY, a yellowish clay containing a large quantity of iron ore; I'RONER, one who irons; I'RON-FLINT, ferruginous quartz; I'RON-FOUND'ER, one who founds or makes castings in iron; I'RON-FOUND'RY, a place where iron is founded or cast.--_adj._ I'RON-GRAY, of a gray colour, like that of iron freshly cut or broken.--_n._ this colour.--_adjs._ I'RON-HAND'ED, having hands hard as iron; I'RON-HEART'ED, having a heart hard as iron: cruel.--_ns._ I'RON-HEAT'ER, the piece of metal heated in the fire for a laundress's box-iron; I'RONING, the act of smoothing with hot irons; I'RONING-BOARD, a smooth board covered with cloth, on which clothes are laid for ironing; I'RONING-MACHINE', a machine for hotpressing cloth, hats, &c.; I'RON-LIQ'UOR, iron acetate, a dyers' mordant; I'RONMASTER, a master or proprietor of ironworks; I'RONMONGER, a dealer in articles made of iron; I'RONMONGERY, a general name for articles made of iron: hardware; I'RON-MOULD, the spot left on wet cloth after touching rusty iron; I'RON-SAND, sand containing particles of iron ore: steel filings used in fireworks.--_adj._ I'RON-SICK (_naut._), having the iron bolts and spikes much corroded.--_n._ I'RONSIDE, a man of iron resolution: (_pl._) a name given to Cromwell's irresistible horse.--_adj._ I'RON-SID'ED, having a side of, or as hard as, iron: rough: hardy.--_ns._ I'RONSMITH, a worker in iron; I'RON-STONE, a term usually applied to any ore yielding iron; I'RONWARE, wares or goods of iron.--_adj._ I'RON-WIT'TED (_Shak._), unfeeling, insensible.--_n._ I'RONWOOD, applied to the timber of various trees on account of their hardness.--_adj._ I'RON-WORD'ED (_Tenn._), in words as strong as iron.--_n._ I'RONWORK, the parts of a building, &c., made of iron: anything of iron: a furnace where iron is smelted, or a foundry, &c., where it is made into heavy work.--_adj._ I'RONY, made, consisting, or partaking of iron: like iron: hard.--_ns._ CAST'-[=I]'RON, a compound of iron and carbon, obtained directly from iron ore by smelting; ITAL'IAN-[=I]'RON, an instrument for fluting linen or lace.--IRON AGE, an archæological term indicating the condition as to civilisation and culture of a people using iron as the material for their cutting tools and weapons: a period of cruel tyranny; IRON BARK TREE, a name given in Australia to certain species of Eucalyptus (q.v.); IRON CROWN, the ancient crown of Lombardy, so named from a thin band of iron said to be made from one of the nails of the Cross; IRON ENTERED INTO HIS SOUL, the bitterest pang of grief has touched his heart.--BESSEMER IRON, pig-iron suitable for making Bessemer steel.--HAVE TOO MANY IRONS IN THE FIRE, to be trying to do too many things at once; IN IRONS, having fetters on; RULE WITH A ROD OF IRON, to rule with stern severity. [A.S. _iren_; Ger. _eisen_.]

IRONY, [=i]'run-i, _n._ a mode of speech which enables the speaker to convey his meaning with greater force by means of a contrast between the thought which he evidently designs to express and that which his words properly signify: satire.--_adj._ IRON'ICAL, meaning the opposite of what is expressed: satirical.--_adv._ IRON'ICALLY.--THE IRONY OF FATE, the perverse malignity of fate. [Fr.,--L. _ironia_, Gr. _eir[=o]neia_, dissimulation--_eir[=o]n_, a dissembler--_eirein_, to talk.]

IRRADIATE, ir-r[=a]'di-[=a]t, _v.t._ to dart rays of light upon or into: to adorn with lustre: to decorate with shining ornaments: to animate with light or heat: to illuminate the understanding.--_v.i._ to emit rays: to shine.--_adj._ adorned with rays of light or with lustre.--_ns._ IRR[=A]'DIANCE, IRR[=A]'DIANCY, the throwing of rays of light on (any object): that which irradiates or is irradiated: beams of light emitted: splendour.--_adj._ IRR[=A]'DIANT, irradiating or shedding beams of light.--_n._ IRRADI[=A]'TION, act of irradiating or emitting beams of light: that which is irradiated: brightness: intellectual light.--_adj._ IRR[=A]'DI[=A]TIVE.

IRRADICATE, i-rad'i-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to fix firmly.

IRRATIONAL, ir-rash'un-al, _adj._ void of reason or understanding: absurd.--_n._ IRRATIONAL'ITY.--_adv._ IRRA'TIONALLY.--IRRATIONAL NUMBERS, a term applied to those roots of numbers which cannot be accurately expressed by a finite number of figures--e.g. [sqrt]2 is an irrational number.

IRREALISABLE, ir-r[=e]'a-l[=i]-za-bl, _adj._ not realisable.

IRREBUTTABLE, ir-re-but'a-bl, _adj._ not to be rebutted.

IRRECEPTIVE, ir-re-sep'tiv, _adj._ not receptive.

IRRECIPROCAL, ir-re-sip'ro-kal, _adj._ not reciprocal.

IRRECLAIMABLE, ir-re-kl[=a]m'a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be reclaimed or reformed: incorrigible.--_n._ IRRECLAIM'ABLENESS.--_adv._ IRRECLAIM'ABLY.

IRRECOGNISABLE, ir-rek'og-n[=i]z-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be recognised.--_n._ IRRECOGNI'TION, lack of recognition.

IRRECONCILABLE, ir-rek-on-s[=i]l'a-bl, _adj._ incapable of being brought back to a state of friendship: inconsistent.--_ns._ IRRECONCIL'ABLENESS, IRRECONCILABIL'ITY, incapability of being reconciled.--_adv._ IRRECONCIL'ABLY.--_adj._ IRREC'ONCILED, not reconciled or brought into harmony.--_n._ IRREC'ONCILEMENT.

IRRECOVERABLE, ir-re-kuv'[.e]r-a-bl, _adj._ irretrievable.--_n._ IRRECOV'ERABLENESS.--_adv._ IRRECOV'ERABLY.

IRREDEEMABLE, ir-re-d[=e]m'a-bl, _adj._ not redeemable: not subject to be paid at the nominal value.--_ns._ IRREDEEM'ABLENESS, IRREDEEMABIL'ITY.--_adv._ IRREDEEM'ABLY.

IRREDENTIST, ir-e-den'tist, _n._ one of an Italian party formed in 1878, its aim to incorporate into Italy all Italian people politically belonging to other countries, as in the Tyrol, Nice, &c.--_n._ IRREDEN'TISM, the programme of the Irredentist party. [It. _irredentista_--_irredenta_ (_Italia_), 'unredeemed'--L. _in_, not, _redemptus_, _redim[)e]re_, to redeem.]

IRREDUCIBLE, ir-re-d[=u]s'i-bl, _adj._ that cannot be reduced or brought from one degree, form, or state to another: not to be reduced by manipulation, as a hernia, &c.--_n._ IRREDUC'IBLENESS.--_adv._ IRREDUC'IBLY.--_ns._ IRREDUCTIBIL'ITY, IRREDUC'TION.

IRREFLECTIVE, ir-re-flekt'iv, _adj._ not reflective.--_n._ IRREFLEC'TION.

IRREFORMABLE, ir-re-for'ma-bl, _adj._ not reformable, not subject to revision or improvement.

IRREFRAGABLE, ir-ref'ra-ga-bl, _adj._ that cannot be refuted: unanswerable.--_ns._ IRREFRAGABIL'ITY, IRREF'RAGABLENESS.--_adv._ IRREF'RAGABLY.--_n._ IRREFRANGIBIL'ITY.--_adj._ IRREFRANGIBLE (ir-e-fran'-ji-bl), not to be broken.--_adv._ IRREFRAN'GIBLY.--THE IRREFRAGABLE DOCTOR, Alexander Hales (died 1245). [Fr.,--L. _in_, not, _re_, backwards, _frang[)e]re_, to break.]

IRREFUTABLE, ir-re-f[=u]t'a-bl, or ir-ref'[=u]-ta-bl, _adj._ that cannot be refuted.--_adv._ IRREF[=U]T'ABLY (also -ref'-).

IRREGULAR, ir-reg'[=u]-lar, _adj._ not according to rule: unnatural: unsystematic: vicious: (_gram._) departing from the ordinary rules in its inflection: variable: not symmetrical, without regular form--(_Shak._) IRREG'ULOUS.--_n._ a soldier not in regular service.--_n._ IRREGULAR'ITY, state of being irregular: deviation from a straight line, or from rule: departure from method or order: vice.--_adv._ IRREG'ULARLY.

IRRELATIVE, ir-rel'a-tiv, _adj._ not relative.--_adj._ IRREL[=A]T'ED.--_n._ IRREL[=A]'TION.--_adv._ IRREL'ATIVELY.

IRRELEVANT, ir-rel'e-vant, _adj._ not relevant.--_n._ IRREL'EVANCY.--_adv._ IRREL'EVANTLY.

IRRELIGIOUS, ir-re-lij'us, _adj._ destitute of religion: ungodly.--_adv._ IRRELIG'IOUSLY.--_ns._ IRRELIG'IOUSNESS, IRRELIG'ION, want of religion.

IRREMEABLE, ir-r[=e]'me-a-bl, _adj._ (_Pope_) not admitting of return. [L. _in_, not, _remeabilis_, _reme[=a]re_--_re_, back, _me[=a]re_, to go, come.]

IRREMEDIABLE, ir-re-m[=e]'di-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be remedied or redressed.--_n._ IRREM[=E]'DIABLENESS.--_adv._ IRREM[=E]'DIABLY.

IRREMISSIBLE, ir-re-mis'i-bl, _adj._ not to be remitted or forgiven.--_ns._ IRREMISS'IBLENESS, IRREMISS'ION.--_adj._ IRREMISS'IVE.

IRREMOVABLE, ir-re-m[=oo]v'a-bl, _adj._ not removable: steadfast.--_ns._ IRREMOVABIL'ITY, IRREMOV'ABLENESS.--_adv._ IRREMOV'ABLY.

IRRENOWNED, ir-re-nownd', _adj._ (_Spens._) not renowned.

IRREPARABLE, ir-rep'ar-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be repaired or rectified.--_ns._ IRREPARABIL'ITY, IRREP'ARABLENESS.--_adv._ IRREP'ARABLY.

IRREPEALABLE, ir-re-p[=e]l'a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be repealed or annulled.--_adv._ IRREPEAL'ABLY.

IRREPLACEABLE, ir-re-pl[=a]s'a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be replaced.

IRREPREHENSIBLE, ir-rep-re-hens'i-bl, _adj._ that cannot be blamed.--_n._ IRREPREHENS'IBLENESS.--_adv._ IRREPREHENS'IBLY.

IRREPRESSIBLE, ir-re-pres'i-bl, _adj._ not to be restrained.--_adv._ IRREPRESS'IBLY.

IRREPROACHABLE, ir-re-pr[=o]ch'a-bl, _adj._ free from blame: upright: innocent.--_n._ IRREPROACH'ABLENESS, freedom from blame.--_adv._ IRREPROACH'ABLY.

IRREPRODUCIBLE, ir-re-pro-d[=u]s'i-bl, _adj._ that cannot be reproduced.

IRREPROVABLE, ir-re-pr[=oo]v'a-bl, _adj._ blameless.--_n._ IRREPROV'ABLENESS.--_adv._ IRREPROV'ABLY.

IRRESISTANCE, ir-re-zist'ans, _n._ want of resistance: passive submission.--_adj._ IRRESIST'IBLE, not to be opposed with success.--_ns._ IRRESIST'IBLENESS, IRRESISTIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ IRRESIST'IBLY.

IRRESOLUBLE, ir-rez'ol-[=u]-bl, _adj._ that cannot be resolved into parts: indissoluble: that cannot be released.

IRRESOLUTE, ir-rez'o-l[=u]t, _adj._ not firm in purpose.--_adv._ IRRES'OLUTELY.--_ns._ IRRES'OLUTENESS, IRRESOL[=U]'TION, want of resolution.

IRRESOLVABLE, ir-re-zolv'-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be resolved.--_ns._ IRRESOLVABIL'ITY, IRRESOLV'ABLENESS.

IRRESPECTIVE, ir-re-spek'tiv, _adj._ not having regard to (with _of_).--_adv._ IRRESPEC'TIVELY.

IRRESPONSIBLE, ir-re-spons'i-bl, _adj._ not responsible (with _for_).--_n._ IRRESPONSIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ IRRESPONS'IBLY.--_adj._ IRRESPONS'IVE.--_n._ IRRESPONS'IVENESS.

IRRESTRAINABLE, ir-re-str[=a]n'a-bl, _adj._ not restrainable.

IRRESUSCITABLE, ir-re-sus'i-ta-bl, _adj._ incapable of being resuscitated or revived.--_adv._ IRRESUS'CITABLY.

IRRETENTION, ir-re-ten'shun, _n._ absence of retention or power to retain.--_adj._ IRRETEN'TIVE.

IRRETRIEVABLE, ir-re-tr[=e]v'a-bl, _adj._ not to be recovered.--_n._ IRRETRIEV'ABLENESS.--_adv._ IRRETRIEV'ABLY.

IRREVERENT, ir-rev'[.e]r-ent, _adj._ not reverent: proceeding from irreverence.--_n._ IRREV'ERENCE, want of reverence or veneration: want of due regard for the character and authority of the Supreme Being.--_adj._ IRREVEREN'TIAL.--_adv._ IRREV'ERENTLY.

IRREVERSIBLE, ir-re-v[.e]rs'i-bl, _adj._ not reversible: that cannot be recalled or annulled.--_ns._ IRREVERSIBIL'ITY, IRREVERS'IBLENESS.--_adv._ IRREVERS'IBLY.

IRREVOCABLE, ir-rev'o-ka-bl, _adj._ that cannot be recalled.--_n._ IRREV'OCABLENESS.--_adv._ IRREV'OCABLY.

IRRIGATE, ir'i-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to water: to wet or moisten: to cause water to flow upon.--_adj._ IRR'IGABLE, capable of being irrigated.--_ns._ IRRIG[=A]'TION, a method of producing or increasing fertility in soils by an artificial supply of water, or by inundating them at stated periods: act of watering, esp. of watering lands artificially; IRRIGAT'OR, one who, or that which, irrigates: an appliance for washing a wound, &c.--_adj._ IRRIG'UOUS, watered: wet. [L. _irrig[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, upon, _rig[=a]re_, to wet; cf. Ger. _regen_, Eng. _rain_.]

IRRISION, ir-rizh'un, _n._ act of laughing at another. [Fr.,--L. _irrision-em_--_in_, against, _rid[=e]re_, _risum_, to laugh.]

IRRITATE, ir'i-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to make angry: to provoke: to excite heat and redness in: (_Scots law_) to render null and void.--_n._ IRRITABIL'ITY, the quality of being easily irritated: the peculiar susceptibility to stimuli possessed by the living tissues.--_adj._ IRR'ITABLE, that may be irritated: easily provoked: (_med._) susceptible of excitement or irritation.--_n._ IRR'ITABLENESS.--_adv._ IRR'ITABLY.--_n._ IRR'ITANCY, the state of being irritant: a becoming null and void.--_adj._ IRR'ITANT, irritating.--_n._ that which causes irritation.--_n._ IRRIT[=A]'TION, act of irritating or exciting: excitement: (_med._) the term applied to any morbid excitement of the vital actions not amounting to inflammation, often, but not always, leading to that condition.--_adjs._ IRR'IT[=A]TIVE, IRR'IT[=A]TORY, tending to irritate or excite: accompanied with or caused by irritation. [L. _irrit[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, prob. freq. of _irr[=i]re_, to snarl, as a dog.]

IRRUPTION, ir-rup'shun, _n._ a breaking or bursting in: a sudden invasion or incursion.--_adjs._ IRRUP'TED, broken through with violence; IRRUP'TIVE, rushing suddenly in or upon.--_adv._ IRRUP'TIVELY. [Fr.,--L. _irruption-em_--_in_, in, _rump[)e]re_, _ruptum_, to break.]

IRVINGITE, [.e]r'ving-[=i]t, _n._ a popular name for a member of the so-called Catholic Apostolic Church.--_n._ IR'VINGISM, the doctrine and practice of the Irvingites. [From Edward _Irving_ (1792-1834).]

IS, iz, third pers. sing. pres. of _be_. [A.S. _is_; Ger. _ist_, L. _est_, Gr. _esti_, Sans. _asti_--_as_, to be.]

ISABEL, ISABELLE, iz'a-bel, _n._ a yellowish-gray or drab colour. [From _Isabella_, daughter of Philip II., wife of the Archduke Albert, who did not change her linen for three years till Ostend was taken.]

ISAGOGICS, [=i]-sa-goj'iks, _n._ that part of theological science introductory to exegesis or interpretation of the Scriptures.--_adj._ ISAGOG'IC. [Gr. _eisag[=o]g[=e]_, an introduction--_eis_, into, _agein_, to lead.]

ISANDROUS, [=i]-san'drus, _adj._ (_bot._) having the stamens similar and equal in number to the divisions of the corolla.

ISANTHEROUS, [=i]-san'ther-us, _adj._ (_bot._) having the anthers equal.

ISANTHOUS, [=i]-san'thus, _adj._ (_bot._) having regular flowers.

ISAPOSTOLIC, [=i]-sap-os-tol'ik, _adj._ equal to the apostles, as bishops of apostolic creation, the first preachers of Christ in a country, &c. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _apostolikos_, apostolic.]

ISATINE, [=i]'sa-tin, _n._ a substance capable of being crystallised, obtained by oxidising indigo.--_adj._ ISAT'IC.--_n._ I'S[=A]TIS, a genus of _Cruciferæ_.--_Isatis tinctoria_, woad. [Gr. _isatis_, woad.]

ISCHIADIC, is-ki-ad'ik, _adj._ relating to the region of the hip--also ISCHIAT'IC and IS'CHIAL.--_ns._ ISCHIAG'RA, gout in the hip; ISCHIAL'GIA, sciatica; IS'CHIUM, the posterior part of the pelvic arch in vertebrates. [L.,--Gr., from _is-chion_, the hip-joint.]

ISCHURIA, is-k[=u]'ri-a, _n._ a stoppage of urine.--_adj._ and _n._ ISCHURET'IC. [Gr. _ischein_, to hold, _ouron_, urine.]

ISENERGIC, [=i]-se-n[.e]r'jik, _adj._ in physics, denoting equal energy. [Gr. ISOS, equal, _energy_.]

ISENGRIM, [=i]'sen-grim, _n._ the name of the wolf in the famous beast-epic of _Reynard the Fox_.

ISENTROPIC, [=i]-sen-trop'ik, _adj._ (_phys._) of equal entropy. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _entrope_, a turning about--_en_, in, _trepein_, to turn.]

ISH, ish, _n._ (_Scot._) issue, liberty of going out.

ISHMAELITE, ish'm[=a]-el-[=i]t, _n._ a descendant of _Ishmael_: one like Ishmael (Gen. xvi. 12), at war with society.--_adj._ ISHMAEL[=I]'TISH.

ISIAC, [=i]-si-ak. See ISIS.

ISIDIUM, [=i]-sid'i-um, _n._ (_bot._) a wart-like excrescence on the thalli of some lichens:--_pl._ ISID'IA.

ISIDORIAN, is-i-d[=o]'ri-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to St _Isidore_ of Seville (c. 560-636), or the collection of canons and decretals adopted by him; but esp. applying to the interpolated collection, now called the _Pseudo-Isidorian_ or _False Decretals_, possibly fabricated in Western Gaul, but published in Spain about 845 by _Isidore_ Mercator, and naturally fathered upon the great Isidore of Seville.

ISINGLASS, [=i]'zing-glas, _n._ a glutinous substance, chiefly prepared from the air-bladders of the sturgeon. [A corr. of Dut. _huizenblas_--_huizen_, a kind of sturgeon, _blas_, a bladder; Ger. _hausenblase_.]

ISIS, [=i]'sis, _n._ an Egyptian goddess, wife and sister of Osiris.--_adj._ I'SIAC.

ISLAM, iz'lam, ISLAMISM, iz'lam-izm, _n._ the proper name of the Mohammedan religion: the whole Mohammedan world.--_adjs._ ISLAM'IC, ISLAMIT'IC.--_n._ IS'LAMITE.--_v.t._ ISLAM[=I]ZE', to conform to Mohammedanism. [Ar. _isl[=a]m_--_salama_, to submit to God.]

ISLAND, [=i]'land, _n._ the smaller masses of land surrounded with water: a large floating mass.--_v.t._ to cause to appear like an island: to dot as with islands.--_n._ ISLANDER ([=i]'land-[.e]r), an inhabitant of an island. [M. E. _iland_--A.S. _ígland_--_íg_, an island, and _land_, land; Dut. and Ger. _eiland_, Ice. _eyland_, Sw. and Dan. _öland_. A.S. _íg_ is from a root which appears in Angles-_ea_, Aldern-_ey_, &c., A.S. _eá_, L. _aqua_, water, so that it originally means water-land. The _s_ in island is due to a confusion with _isle_, from L. _insula_.]

ISLE, [=i]l, _n._ an island.--_ns._ ISLES'MAN, an islander, esp. an inhabitant of the Hebrides; ISLET ([=i]'let), a little isle. [M. E. _ile_, _yle_--O. Fr. _isle_ (Fr. _île_)--L. _insula_, considered to be so called because lying _in salo_, in the main sea, L. _salum_ being akin to Gr. _salos_, the main sea.]

ISM, izm, _n._ any distinctive doctrine, theory, or practice--usually in disparagement.--_adjs._ ISMAT'IC, -AL, addicted to isms or faddish theories.--_n._ ISMAT'ICALNESS. [From the suffix _-ism_.]

ISMAILIAN, is-m[=a]-il'i-an, _n._ one of a sect of Shiite Mohammedans, who claim that _Ismail_ (_c._ 770) was the seventh and last of the Imâms.--_n._ IS'MAILISM.--_adj._ ISMAILIT'IC.

ISOBAR, [=i]'so-bär, _n._ an imaginary line connecting places on the earth where the mean height of the barometer at sea-level is the same.--_adj._ ISOBAROMET'RIC, applied to lines denoting equal barometric pressure. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _baros_, weight.]

ISOBATHYTHERM, [=i]-so-bath'i-therm, _n._ a line connecting points of the same temperature in a vertical section of any portion of the ocean.--_adjs._ ISOBATHYTHER'MAL, ISOBATHYTHER'MIC. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _bathys_, deep, _therm[=e]_, heat.]

ISOBILATERAL, [=i]-so-b[=i]-lat'e-ral, _adj._ (_bot._) having the flanks of the organ flattened surfaces. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _bilateral_.]

ISOBRIOUS, [=i]-sob'ri-us, _adj._ growing equally in both lobes, of a dicotyledonous embryo.--Also ISODYN'AMOUS. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _brian_, to be strong.]

ISOBRONT, [=i]'so-bront, _n._ a line on a map connecting points at which a peal of thunder is heard simultaneously. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _bront[=e]_, thunder.]

ISOCHASMIC, [=i]-so-kaz'mik, _adj._ denoting equality as regards frequency of auroral displays. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _chasma_, a gap.]

ISOCHEIMAL, [=i]-so-k[=i]'mal, _adj._ having the same mean winter temperature--also ISOCHEI'MENAL.--_n._ I'SOCHEIM, an imaginary line connecting together those places where the mean winter temperature is the same. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _cheima_, winter.]

ISOCHORIC, [=i]-so-kor'ik, _adj._ pertaining to equal volume or density. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _ch[=o]ra_, space.]

ISOCHROMATIC, [=i]-so-kr[=o]-mat'ik, _adj._ (_optics_) having the same colour. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _chr[=o]ma_, colour.]

ISOCHRONAL, [=i]-sok'ron-al, _adj._ of equal time: performed in equal times--also ISOCH'RONOUS.--_n._ ISOCH'RONISM, the quality of being isochronous or done in equal times.--_adv._ ISOCH'RONOUSLY. [Gr. _isochronos_--_isos_, equal, _chronos_, time.]

ISOCHROOUS, [=i]-sok'r[=o]-us, _adj._ of uniform colour.

ISOCLINAL, [=i]-so-kl[=i]'nal (or ISOCLIN'IC), ISODYNAM'IC, and ISOGON'IC LINES, three systems of lines which being laid on maps represent the magnetism of the globe as exhibited at the earth's surface in three classes of phenomena, the varying dip or inclination of the needle, the varying intensity of the force, and its varying declination from the true meridian. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _dynamis_, force, _klinein_, to bend, _g[=o]nia_, an angle.]

ISOCRYME, [=i]'s[=o]-kr[=i]m, _n._ a line on maps connecting points of the same mean winter temperature.--Also I'SOCRYMAL. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _krymos_, cold.]

ISODIA, [=i]-s[=o]'di-a, _n.pl._ the feast of the presentation of Jesus in the Temple. [Gr. _eisodos_, entrance.]

ISODIAMETRIC, [=i]-so-d[=i]-a-met'rik, _adj._ being of equal diameters.

ISODICON, [=i]-sod'i-kon, _n._ (_Gr. Church_) a troparion or short anthem sung while the Gospel is being carried through the church. [Gr. _eisodos_, an entrance.]

ISODIMORPHOUS, [=i]-so-d[=i]-mor'fus, _adj._ in crystallography, having the quality of isodimorphism or isomorphism between the members of two dimorphous groups.

ISODOMON, [=i]-sod'[=o]-mon, _n._ masonry having courses of uniform thickness and length, the vertical joints placed over the middle of the courses below--also ISOD'OMUM:--_pl._ ISOD'OMA.--_adj._ ISOD'OMOUS. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _demein_, to build.]

ISODONT, [=i]'so-dont, _adj._ having the teeth all alike, as in the _Isodontia_--cetacea, &c. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _odous_, _odontos_, a tooth.]

ISOËTES, [=i]-s[=o]'e-t[=e]z, _n._ a widely distributed genus of vascular cryptogamous plants, the quillworts--Merlin's Grass, &c. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _etos_, a year.]

ISOGAMY, [=i]-sog'a-mi, _n._ (_bot._) the conjugation of two protoplasmic masses not clearly differentiated into a male and female element.--_adj._ ISOG'AMOUS. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _gamos_, marriage.]

ISOGENY, [=i]-soj'e-ni, _n._ likeness of origin, a general homology.--_adj._ ISOG'ENOUS. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _genos_, kind.]

ISOGEOTHERMAL, [=i]-so-j[=e]-o-th[.e]r'mal, _adj._ of imaginary lines beneath the earth's surface through points having the same degree of heat. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _g[=e]_, the earth, _therm[=e]_, heat--_thermos_, hot.]

ISOGNATHOUS, [=i]-sog'na-thus, _adj._ having the molar teeth alike in both jaws. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _gnathos_, the jaw.]

ISOGON, [=i]'so-gon, _n._ a figure having equal angles. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _gonia_, an angle.]

ISOGONIC, [=i]-so-gon'ik, _adj._ exhibiting ISOG'ONISM, or the production of like generative individuals from differing stocks, as in certain hydroids. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _gonos_, offspring.]

ISOHYETAL, [=i]-so-h[=i]'e-tal, _n._ an imaginary line connecting places which have an equal annual rainfall. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _hyetos_, rain.]

ISOLATE, [=i]'so-l[=a]t, or is'o-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to place in a detached situation, like an island.--_adj._ IS'OLABLE (_chem._), capable of being separated from any other substance: capable of being obtained pure.--_n._ ISOL[=A]'TION. [It. _isolare_--_isola_--L. _insula_, an island.]

ISOMERISM, [=i]-som'er-izm, _n._ the relation between chemical compounds which are identical in their ultimate or percentage composition, but present difficulties in their chemical properties.--_adjs._ ISOMER'IC, ISOM'EROUS. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _meros_, part.]

ISOMETRIC, -AL, [=i]-so-met'rik, -al, _adj._ having equality of measure. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _metron_, measure.]

ISOMORPHISM, [=i]-so-morf'izm, _n._ a term applied by chemists to those substances which are not only similar in their crystalline form, but are also analogous in their chemical composition.--_adj._ ISOMORPH'OUS. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _morph[=e]_, form.]

ISONOMY, [=i]-son'o-mi, _n._ equal law, rights, or privileges. [Gr. _isonomia_--_isos_, equal, _nomos_, law.]

ISONYM, [=i]'so-nim, _n._ a paronym.--_adj._ ISONYM'IC.--_n._ ISON'YMY.

ISOPATHY, [=i]-sop'a-thi, _n._ the cure of diseases by the same disease or by its virus. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _pathos_, disease.]

ISOPERIMETRICAL, [=i]-so-per-i-met'rik-al, _adj._ denoting figures having equal perimeters or circumferences.--_n._ ISOPERIM'ETRY. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _perimetron_, circumference.]

ISOPOD, [=i]'so-pod, _n._ a crustacean whose legs are all alike, any one of the ISOP'ODA, an order of higher Crustaceans in the division with unstalked eyes.--_adjs._ I'SOPOD, ISOP'ODOUS. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _pous_, _podos_, a foot.]

ISOPOLITY, [=i]-so-pol'i-ti, _n._ equal rights of citizenship in different communities. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _polit[=e]s_, a citizen.]

ISOPTEROUS, [=i]-sop'te-rus, _adj._ having the wings equal. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _pteron_, a wing.]

ISORRHYTHMIC, [=i]-s[=o]-rith'mik, _adj._ in ancient prosody, equal in the number of times for thesis and arsis, as a dactyl and anapæst. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _hrythmos_, rhythm.]

ISOSCELES, [=i]-sos'e-l[=e]z, _adj._ (_geom._) having two equal sides, as a triangle. [Gr. _isoskel[=e]s_--_isos_, equal, _skelos_, a leg.]

ISOSEISMAL, [=i]-s[=o]-s[=i]s'mal, _n._ a curve or line connecting points at which an earthquake shock is felt with equal intensity.--_adjs._ ISOSEIS'MAL, ISOSEIS'MIC. [Gr. _isos_, equal, SEISMOS, a shaking.]

ISOSTATIC, [=i]-so-stat'ik, _adj._ in hydrostatic equilibrium from equality of pressure. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _statikos_, stable.]

ISOTHERAL, [=i]'so-th[=e]r-al, _adj._ having the same mean summer temperature.--_n._ I'SOTH[=E]RE, an imaginary line connecting places on the earth which have the same mean summer temperature. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _theros_, summer--_therein_, to be warm.]

ISOTHERMAL, [=i]-so-th[.e]r'mal, _adj._ having an equal degree of heat.--_n._ I'SOTHERM, an imaginary line connecting places on the earth which have the same mean annual temperature. [Fr. _isotherme_--Gr. _isos_, equal, _therm[=e]_, heat--_thermos_, hot.]

ISOTONIC, [=i]-so-ton'ik, _adj._ having equal tones. [Gr. _isos_, equal, _tonos_, tone.]

ISOTROPISM, [=i]-sot'rop-izm, _n._ physical homogeneity or amorphism: identity of elastic forces of propagation of vibration (light, heat, sound), or identity of susceptibility to magnetisation, in all directions.--_adjs._ ISOTROP'IC, ISOT'ROPOUS.

I-SPY, [=i]'-sp[=i]', _n._ a children's game of hide-and-seek, so called from the cry when one is found.

ISRAELITE, iz'ra-el-[=i]t, _n._ a descendant of Israel or Jacob: a Jew.--_adjs._ ISRAELIT'IC, ISRAEL[=I]T'ISH, pertaining to the Israelites or Jews. [Gr. _Isra[=e]lit[=e]s_--_Isra[=e]l_, Heb. _Isra[=e]l_, contender, soldier of God--_sara_, to fight, _El_, God.]

ISSUE, ish'[=u], _v.i._ to go, flow, or come out: to proceed, as from a source: to spring: to be produced: (_law_) to come to a point in fact or law: to terminate.--_v.t._ to send out: to put into circulation: to give out for use.--_n._ a going or flowing out: act of sending out: that which flows or passes out: fruit of the body, children: produce, profits: circulation, as of bank-notes: publication, as of a book: a giving out for use: ultimate result, consequence: (_law_) the point of fact in dispute which is submitted to a jury: (_med._) an ulcer produced artificially.--_adj._ ISS'UABLE, capable of issuing, admitting of an issue.--_n._ ISS'UANCE, act of giving out, promulgation.--_adjs._ ISS'UANT (_her._), issuing or coming up from another, as a charge or bearing; ISS'UELESS, without issue: childless.--_n._ ISS'UER, one who issues or emits.--AT ISSUE, in quarrel or controversy; FEIGNED ISSUE (_law_), an issue made up for trial by agreement of the parties or by an order of court, instead of by the ordinary legal procedure; GENERAL ISSUE, a simple denial of the whole charge, as 'Not guilty,' instead of a SPECIAL ISSUE, an issue taken by denying a particular part of the allegations; IMMATERIAL ISSUE, an issue which is not decisive of any part of the litigation, as opp. to a MATERIAL ISSUE, one which necessarily involves some part of the rights in controversy.--JOIN, or TAKE, ISSUE, of the two parties taking up the affirmative and the negative on the point in debate. [O. Fr. _issuë_, _issir_, to go or flow out--L. _ex[=i]re_--_ex_, out, _[=i]re_, to go.]

ISTHMUS, ist'mus, _n._ a narrow neck of land connecting two larger portions.--_adj._ ISTH'MIAN, pertaining to an isthmus, esp. the Isthmus of Corinth.--The ISTHMIAN GAMES were celebrated in the ISTHMIAN SANCTUARY on the north-east shore of the isthmus. [L.,--Gr. _isthmos_, a passage, an isthmus, allied to _ithma_, a step, from root of _ienai_, to go.]

ISTLE, is'tl, _n._ a valuable fibre obtained from a tropical American plant, also from several Mexican species of _Agave_.--Also IX'TLE.

IT, it, _pron._ the thing spoken of. [M. E. and A.S. _hit_, neut. of _he_; Ice. _hit_, Dut. _het_, Goth. _ita_; akin to L. _id_, Sans. _i_, pronominal root=here. The _t_ is an old neuter suffix, as in _tha-t_, _wha-t_, and cognate with d in L. _illu-d_, _istu-d_, _quo-d_.]

ITACISM, ITACIST. See IOTA.

ITACOLUMITE, it-a-kol'[=u]m-[=i]t, _n._ a schistose quartzite, containing scales of mica, talc, and chlorite, often having a certain flexibility.

ITALIAN, i-tal'yan, Italic, i-tal'ik, _adj._ of or relating to Italy or its people.--_n._ a native of Italy: the language of Italy.--_vs.t._ ITAL'IANATE, ITAL'IANISE, to make Italian.--_vs.i._ to play the Italian: to speak Italian.--_n._ ITAL'IANISM.--ITALIAN ARCHITECTURE, the style practised by the Italian architects of the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries, which originated in a revival of the ancient architecture of Rome; ITALIAN WAREHOUSEMAN, a dealer in the finer kinds of groceries, as macaroni, vermicelli, dried fruits, &c.--ITALIC VERSION, or IT'ALA, a translation of the Bible into Latin, based on a still older version, called Old Latin, and made probably in the time of Augustine. [It. _Italiano_, _Italico_--L. _Italia_--Gr. _italos_, a bull.]

ITALICS, i-tal'iks, _n.pl._ a kind of types which _slope to the right_ (as in the last four words), so called because first used by an _Italian_ printer, Aldo Manuzio, about 1500, employed for emphasis and other distinctive purposes.--_n._ ITALICIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ ITAL'IC[=I]SE, to print in Italics.

ITCH, ich, _n._ an uneasy, irritating sensation in the skin: an eruptive disease in the skin, caused by a parasitic animal: a constant teasing desire.--_v.i._ to have an uneasy, irritating sensation in the skin: to have a constant, teasing desire.--_ns._ ITCH'INESS; ITCH'-MITE, a mite which burrows in the skin, causing itch or scabies.--_adj._ ITCH'Y, pertaining to or affected with itch.--ITCHING PALM, a greed for gain. [A.S. _giccan_, to itch; Scot. _youk_, _yuck_, Ger. _jucken_, to itch.]

ITEM, [=i]'tem, _adv._ likewise: also.--_n._ a separate article or particular.--_v.t._ to make a note of.--_v.t._ I'TEMISE, to give by items. [L.,--_id_, that.]

ITERATE, it'[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.t._ to do again: to repeat, in modern usage replaced by the verb reiterate.--_ns._ IT'ERANCE, ITER[=A]'TION, repetition.--_adjs._ IT'ERANT, IT'ER[=A]TIVE, repeating. [L. _iter[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_iterum_, again.]

ITHYPHALLIC, ith-i-fal'ik, _adj._ pertaining to certain rites: obscene.--_n._ ITHYPHALL'US, an erect phallus.

ITINERANT, [=i]-tin'er-ant, _adj._ making journeys from place to place: travelling.--_n._ one who travels from place to place, esp. a Methodist preacher: a wanderer.--_ns._ ITIN'ERACY, ITIN'ERANCY.--_adv._ ITIN'ERANTLY.--_adj._ ITIN'ERARY, travelling: done on a journey.--_n._ a book of travels: a guide-book for travellers: a rough sketch and description of the country through which troops are to march.--_v.i._ ITIN'ER[=A]TE, to travel from place to place, esp. for the purpose of preaching or lecturing. [L. _itinerans_, _-antis_, part. of _itiner[=a]ri_-, _-atus_, to travel--L. _iter_, _itineris_, a journey--_[=i]re_, _[=i]tum_, to go.]

ITS, its, _poss. pron._ the possessive of _it._ [The old form was _his_, _its_ not being older than the end of the 16th century. _Its_ does not occur in the English Bible of 1611, or in Spenser, rarely in Shakespeare, and is not common until the time of Dryden.]

ITSELF, it-self', _pron._ the neuter reciprocal pronoun, applied to things.--BY ITSELF, alone, apart; IN AND BY ITSELF, separately considered.

ITTNERITE, it'n[.e]r-[=i]t, _n._ a dark blue or gray mineral, consisting chiefly of silica, alumina, potash, and soda.

IVORY, [=i]'vo-ri, _n._ the hard, white substance composing the tusks of the elephant and of the sea-horse.--_adj._ made of, or resembling, ivory.--_adj._ I'VORIED, made like ivory: furnished with teeth.--_ns._ I'VORY-BLACK, a black powder, originally made from burnt ivory, but now from bone; I'VORY-NUT, the nut of a species of palm, containing a substance like ivory; I'VORY-PALM, the tree which bears the ivory-nut; I'VORY-POR'CELAIN, a fine ware with an ivory-white glaze.--SHOW ONE'S IVORIES, to show the teeth. [O. Fr. _ivurie_ (Fr. _ivoire_)--L. _ebur_, _eboris_, ivory; Coptic _ebu_; Sans. _ibhas_, an elephant.]

IVY, [=i]'vi, _n._ a creeping evergreen plant on trees and walls.--_adjs._ I'VIED, I'VYED, I'VY-MAN'TLED, overgrown or mantled with ivy.--_n._ I'VY-BUSH, a plant of ivy formerly hung over tavern-doors, the ivy being sacred to Bacchus. [A.S. _ifig_; Old High Ger. _ebah_; prob. conn. with L. _apium_, parsley.]

IWIS, YWIS, i-wis', _adv._ certainly--sometimes ignorantly written _I wis_, as if 'I know.' [M. E. _ywis_, _iwis_--A.S. _gewis_, certain; Ger. _gewiss_ (adv.).]

IXION, ik-s[=i]'on, _n._ (_Gr. myth._) a king of the Lapithæ, bound, for an impious attempt on Hera, hand and foot to a fiery wheel which rolled for ever in the sky.

IXOLITE, iks'o-l[=i]t, _n._ a fossil resin, found in bituminous coal, which becomes soft and sticky when heated. [Gr. _ixos_, birdlime, _lithos_, a stone.]

IXTLE. See ISTLE.

* * * * *

J the tenth letter in our alphabet, developed from I, the initial form _j_ being specialised to denote the consonantal sound, the medial _i_ being retained for the vowel-sound--not universal in English books before the middle of the 17th century. As a numeral, a variant of I, used in medical prescriptions, as _vj_, six: representing the mechanical equivalent of heat--from Joule.

JABBER, jab'[.e]r, _v.i._ to gabble or talk rapidly and indistinctly: to chatter.--_v.t._ to utter indistinctly:--_pr.p._ jabb'ering; _pa.p._ jabb'ered.--_n._ rapid indistinct speaking.--_n._ JABB'ERER.--_adv._ JABB'ERINGLY. [From root of _gabble_.]

JABBLE, jab'l, _n._ (_Scot._) an agitation on the surface of water.--_v.t._ to splash. [Cf. _jaup_.]

JABIRU, jab'i-r[=u], _n._ a kind of large stork. [Brazilian.]

JABORANDI, jab'o-ran'di, _n._ a Brazilian shrub with sialogogue and diaphoretic properties. [Brazilian.]

JABOT, zha-b[=o]', _n._ a frill of lace, &c., worn by women on the bodice.

JACAMAR, jak'a-mar, _n._ a South American bird something like a kingfisher. [Fr.,--Brazilian.]

JACANA, ja-k[=a]'na, _n._ a tropical bird, allied to the rails, and frequenting swamps. [Brazilian.]

JACARANDA, jak-a-ran'da, _n._ a South American tree with hard, heavy, brown wood. [Brazilian.]

JACCHUS, jak'us, _n._ a South American marmoset.

JACENT, j[=a]'sent, _adj._ lying at length.

JACINTH, j[=a]'sinth, _n._ (_B._) a precious stone, a red variety of zircon, now called hyacinth: a reddish-orange colour. [Contr. of _hyacinth_.]

JACK, jak, _n._ used as a familiar name or diminutive of John: a saucy or paltry fellow: a sailor: any instrument serving to supply the place of a boy or helper, as a bootjack for taking off boots, a contrivance for turning a spit (smoke-jack, roasting-jack), a screw for raising heavy weights, a figure which strikes the bell in clocks: the male of some animals: a young pike: a support to saw wood on: a miner's wedge: a flag displayed from the bowsprit of a ship: a leather pitcher or bottle: a coat of mail: (_coll._) a knave in cards: the small white ball that forms the aim in bowls.--_ns._ JACK'-A-DAN'DY, a dandy or fop, esp. if diminutive; JACK'-A-LAN'TERN, the _ignis fatuus_ or Will-o'-the-Wisp; JACK'-A-LENT' (_Shak._), a boy (for JACK OF LENT, a kind of puppet formerly thrown at in sport at Lent); JACK'-BLOCK, a block of pulleys used for raising and lowering topgallant-masts.--_n.pl._ JACK'BOOTS, large boots reaching above the knee, to protect the leg, formerly worn by cavalry, and covered with plates of iron.--_ns._ JACK'-CROSS'-TREE, the cross-tree at the head of a topgallant-mast; JACK'-FLAG, a flag which is hoisted at the spritsail topmast-head; JACK'-FOOL, an absolute ass; JACK'-IN-OFF'ICE, a conceited and impertinent official; JACK'-IN-THE-BOX', a box with a figure in it that springs up when the lid is lifted; JACK'-IN-THE-GREEN', a May-day chimney-sweep almost covered up with green shrubs; JACK'-KNIFE, a large clasp-knife; JACK'-MAN, a soldier armed with a jack or coat of mail: a retainer; JACK'-NAS'TY, a sneak, a sloven; JACK'-OF-ALL'-TRADES, one who can turn his hand to anything; JACK'-PLANE, a large, strong plane used by joiners; JACK'-PUDD'ING, a merry-andrew, buffoon; JACK'-RABB'IT, one of several species of prairie-hares, with very long ears and legs; JACK'-RAFT'ER, a rafter, shorter than the rest, used in hip-roofs; JACK'-SAUCE (_Shak._), a saucy fellow; JACK'-SCREW, a screw for raising heavy weights; JACK'-SLAVE (_Shak._), a low servant, a vulgar fellow; JACK'-SMITH, a smith who makes jacks for the kitchen; JACK'-SNIPE, a small species of snipe; JACK'-STAFF, the staff on which the jack is hoisted.--_n.pl._ JACK'-STAYS, ropes or strips of wood or iron stretched along the yards of a ship to bind the sails to.--_ns._ JACK'-STRAW, a straw effigy, a low servile fellow; JACK'-TAR, a sailor; JACK'-TOWEL, a long endless towel passing over a roller.--JACK FROST, frost personified as a mischievous fellow; JACK KETCH, a public hangman--from one so named under James II.; JACK SPRAT, a diminutive fellow.--CHEAP JACK (see CHEAP); EVERY MAN JACK, one and all; YELLOW JACK (_slang_), yellow fever. [Fr. _Jacques_, the most common name in France, hence used as a substitute for _John_, the most common name in England; but it is really=_James_ or _Jacob_--L. _Jacobus_.]

JACK, JAK, jak, _n._ a tree of the East Indies of the same genus as the bread-fruit tree. [Port. _jaka_--Malay _tsjaka_.]

JACKAL, jak'awl, _n._ a wild, gregarious animal closely allied to the dog--erroneously supposed to act as a lion's provider or hunting scout, hence a tool, a Parasite. [Pers. _shagh[=a]l_.]

JACKANAPES, jak'a-n[=a]ps, _n._ an impudent fellow: a coxcomb. [_Jack o' apes_, one who exhibited monkeys, with _n_ inserted to avoid the hiatus.]

JACKASS, jak'as, _n._ the male of the ass: a blockhead. [_Jack_--the male, and _ass_.]

JACKDAW, jak'daw, _n._ a species of crow. [_Jack_ and _daw_.]

JACKET, jak'et, _n._ a short coat.--_adj._ Jack'eted, wearing a jacket. [O. Fr. _jaquette_, a jacket, or sleeveless coat, a dim. of O. Fr. _jaque_, a coat of mail, prob. ultimately conn. with _Jacques_.]

JACOBEAN, jak-o-b[=e]'an, _adj._ of the period of James I. of England (1603-25).

JACOBIN, jak'o-bin, _n._ a French Dominican monk, so named from their original establishment being that of St _Jacques_, Paris: one of a society of revolutionists in France, so called from their meeting in the hall of the Jacobin convent: a demagogue: a hooded pigeon.--_adjs._ JACOBIN'IC, -AL.--_v.t._ JAC'OBINISE.--_n._ JAC'OBINISM, the principles of the Jacobins or French revolutionists. [Fr.,--L. _Jacobus_, James--Gr. _Jacobos_--Heb. _Ya`aq[=o]b_.]

JACOBITE, jak'o-b[=i]t, _n._ an adherent of James II. and his descendants: in Church history, a Syrian monophysite, named after the 6th-century monk, _Jacobus_ Baradæus.--_adjs._ JAC'OBITE, JACOBIT'IC, -AL.--_n._ JAC'OBITISM.

JACOB'S-LADDER, j[=a]'kobz-lad'[.e]r, _n._ (_naut._) a ladder made of ropes with wooden steps: a garden plant with large blue flowers. [From the ladder which _Jacob_ saw in his dream, Gen. xxviii. 12.]

JACOB'S-STAFF, j[=a]'kobz-staf, _n._ a pilgrim's staff: a staff with a cross-head used in surveying: a sword-cane. [Prob. an allusion to the staff of the patriarch _Jacob_, Gen. xxxii. 10.]

JACOBUS, ja-k[=o]'bus, _n._ a gold coin of James I. worth 20s.

JACONET, jak'o-net, _n._ a cotton fabric, rather stouter than muslin. [Fr. _jaconas_.]

JACQUARD LOOM. See LOOM.

JACQUEMINOT, jak'mi-n[=o], _n._ a deep-red hybrid perpetual rose.--Also JACQUE and JACK. [From General _Jacqueminot_ of Paris.]

JACQUERIE, zhak'e-r[=e], _n._ name given to the revolt of the French peasants in 1358. [From _Jacques_ Bonhomme, Goodman Jack, a name applied in derision to the peasants.]

JACTATION, jak-t[=a]'shun, _n._ act of throwing: extreme restlessness in disease: agitation of the body: boasting.

JACTITATION (of marriage), jak-ti-t[=a]'shun, _n._ a false pretence of being married to another. [L. _jactit[=a]re_, -_[=a]tum_, to brag, freq. of _jact[=a]re_, to throw.]

JACULATION, jak-[=u]-l[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of throwing or hurling, as a dart.--_v.t._ JAC'ULATE, to dart, throw.--_n._ JAC'UL[=A]TOR.--_adj._ JAC'UL[=A]TORY, darting or throwing out suddenly: ejaculatory. [L. _jacul[=a]ri_, -_[=a]tus_, to throw as a dart--_jaculum_, a dart--_jac[)e]re_, to throw.]

JADE, j[=a]d, _n._ a mare, esp. an old and sorry one: a worthless nag: a woman--in contempt or irony.--_v.t._ to tire: to harass:--_pr.p._ jad'ing; _pa.p._ jad'ed.--_adv._ JAD'EDLY.--_n._ JAD'ERY, the tricks of a jade.--_adj._ JAD'ISH, worn out: vicious: unchaste--applied to a woman. [Scot. _yad_, _yaud_; Ice. _jalda_, a mare.]

JADE, j[=a]d, _n._ a dark-green stone used for ornamental purposes--applied both to _jadeite_ and _nephrite_. [Fr.,--Sp. _ijada_, the flank--L. _ilia_. It was believed to cure pain of the side.]

JAG, jag, _n._ a notch: a ragged protuberance: (_bot._) a cleft or division: (_Scot._) a stab.--_v.t._ to cut into notches: to stab or pierce:--_pr.p._ jag'ging; _pa.p._ jagged.--_adjs._ JAG'GED, JAG'GY, notched, rough-edged, uneven.--_adv._ JAG'GEDLY.--_ns._ JAG'GEDNESS; JAG'GER, a brass wheel with a notched edge for cutting cakes, &c., into ornamental forms--also JAG'GING-[=I]'RON. [Celt.; W., Gael., Ir. _gag_, a cleft.]

JAG, jag, _n._ a load: a saddle-bag: a quantity: (_U.S._) as much liquor as one can carry.--_n._ JAG'GER, a peddler.

JAGGERY, jag'[.e]r-i, _n._ a kind of coarse, dark-coloured sugar made in the East Indies from the sap of the coco-nut palm. [Hind. _shakkar_, Sans. _çarkara_.]

JAGHIR, JAGHIRE, ja-g[=e]r', _n._ the government revenues of a tract of land assigned with power to administer.--_n._ JAGHIR'DAR, the holder of such. [Hind.]

JAGUAR, jag'[=u]-är, or jag-wär', _n._ a powerful beast of prey, allied to the leopard, found in South America. [Brazilian, _jaguara_.]

JAH, jä, _n._ Jehovah. [Heb.]

JAIL, j[=a]l, _n._ a prison.--_ns._ JAIL'-BIRD, GAOL'-BIRD, a humorous name for one who is or has been confined in jail; JAIL'ER, GAOL'ER, one who has charge of a jail or of prisoners, called also a turnkey; JAIL'-F[=E]'VER, GAOL'-F[=E]'VER, typhus fever, so called because once common in jails.--BREAK JAIL, to force one's way out of prison; COMMISSION OF JAIL DELIVERY, one of the commissions issued to judges of assize and judges of the Central Criminal Court in England. [O. Fr. _gaole_ (Fr. _geôle_)--Low L. _gabiola_, a cage, dim. of Low L. _gabia_, a cage, a corr. of _cavea_, a cage--L. _cavus_, hollow.]

JAIN, j[=a]n, _n._ an adherent of JAIN'ISM, or a member of a heterodox Hindu sect, allied to ancient Buddhism: a style of architecture developed about 450 A.D., with pseudo-arch and dome, built in horizontal courses and of pointed section. [Hind. _jina_, a deified saint.]

JAKES, j[=a]ks, _n._ (_Shak._) a privy.--Also _Mrs Jones_.

JALAP, jal'ap, _n._ the purgative root of a plant first brought from _Jalapa_ or Xalapa, in Mexico.--_adj._ JALAP'IC--_n._ JAL'APIN, a glucoside resin, one of the purgative principles of jalap.

JALOUSE, jal-[=oo]z', _v.i._ (_Scot._) to suspect. See JEALOUS.

JALOUSIE, zhal-oo-z[=e]', _n._ a Venetian blind. [Fr.,--_jalousie_, jealousy.]

JAM, jam, _n._ a conserve of fruit boiled with sugar. [Ety. dub.; perh. from _jam_, to squeeze.]

JAM, jam, _v.t._ to press or squeeze tight:--_pr.p._ jam'ming; _pa.p._ jammed.--_n._ a crush, squeeze. [Cf. _cham_p.]

JAMAICA-PEPPER, ja-m[=a]'ka-pep'[.e]r, _n._ Allspice (q.v.).

JAMB, jam, _n._ the sidepiece or post of a door, fireplace, &c. [Fr. _jambe_, perh. Celt. _cam_, bent.]

JAMBE, jäm, _n._ armour for the leg.--_ns.pl._ JAM'BEAUS, leggings; JAMBIERES', leg-pieces of leather, &c. [Fr. _jambe_, leg.]

JAMBEE, jam-b[=e]', _n._ an 18th-century light cane.

JAMBOK, jam'bok, _n._ a long lash made of hippopotamus hide, &c. [S. Afr.]

JAMBONE, jam'b[=o]n, _n._ a lone hand in euchre, played only by agreement, in which the player lays his cards on the table and must lead one chosen by his opponent, scoring 8 points if he takes all the tricks.

JAMBOREE, jam-b[=o]-r[=e], _n._ in euchre, a lone hand of the 5 highest cards, by agreement scoring 16 points for the holder: (_slang_) a boisterous frolic, a spree.

JAMBU, jam'b[=oo], _n._ the rose-apple tree.

JAMBUL, jam'bul, _n._ a small Indian evergreen tree.

JAMDANI, jam-dä'ni, _n._ a variety of Dacca muslin woven in designs of flowers.

JAMEWAR, jam'e-war, _n._ a Cashmere shawl with coloured patterns: the goat's-hair cloth of Cashmere.

JAMPAN, jam'pan, _n._ a sedan-chair borne on bamboo poles by four bearers.--_n._ JAMPANEE', its bearer.

JAMRACH, jam'rak, _n._ a place where wild animals are kept for sale--from a London dealer's name.

JANE, j[=a]n, _n._ (_Spens._) a small silver Genoese coin: jean. [Low L. _Janua_, L. _Genua_, Genoa.]

JANGLE, jang'l, _v.i._ to sound discordantly as in wrangling: to wrangle or quarrel.--_v.t._ to cause to sound harshly.--_n._ discordant sound: contention.--_ns._ JANG'LER; JANG'LING. [O. Fr. _jangler_; imit., like _jingle_ and _chink_.]

JANITOR, jan'i-tor, _n._ a doorkeeper: a porter:--_fem._ JAN'ITRIX. [L., from _janua_, a door.]

JANIZARY, jan'i-zar-i, _n._ a soldier of the old Turkish foot-guards (c. 1330-1826), formed originally of renegade prisoners and of a tribute of children taken from Christian subjects--also JAN'ISSARY, JAN'IZAR.--_adj._ JANIZ[=A]'RIAN. [Fr. _Janissaire_--Turk, _yeñi_, new, _`asker_, army.]

JANKER, jang'ker, _n._ (_Scot._) a long pole on two wheels used for transporting logs.

JANN, jan,_ n._ one of the lowest of the five orders of Mohammedan genii.

JANNOCK, jan'ok, _adj._ (_prov._) straightforward.

JANNOCK, jan'ok, _n._ oaten bread, a cake.

JANSENISM, jan'sen-izm, _n._ a system of evangelical doctrine deduced from Augustine by Cornelius _Jansen_ (1585-1638), Roman Catholic Bishop of Ypres, essentially a reaction against the ordinary Catholic dogma of the freedom of the will and that of merely sufficient grace, maintaining that interior grace is irresistible, and that Christ died for all.--_n._ JAN'SENIST, a believer in Jansenism.

JANTILY, JANTINESS, JANTY. See JAUNTY, &c.

JANUARY, jan'[=u]-ar-i, _n._ the first month of the year, dedicated by the Romans to JAN'US, the god of opening, with a double head that looked both ways.--_adjs._ JAN'UFORM, two-faced; JAN'US-FACED, double-dealing: deceitful. [L. _Januarius_--_Junus_.]

JAP, jap, _n._ and _adj._ (_coll._) for JAPANESE', of or belonging to _Japan:_ the language of Japan: a native of Japan.

JAPAN, ja-pan', _v.t._ to varnish after the manner of the JAPANESE', or people of _Japan:_ to make black and glossy:--_pr.p._ japan'ning; _pa.p._ japanned'.--_n._ work japanned: the varnish or lacquer used in japanning.--_ns._ JAPAN'-EARTH, or _Terra japonica_, gambier; JAPAN'NER.--JAPAN LACQUER, or BLACK JAPAN, a hard jet-black lacquer, for sheet-metal, made of asphaltum, linseed-oil, and varnish; JAPANNED LEATHER, same as patent leather (see PATENT).

JAPE, j[=a]p, _v.i._ to jest, joke.--_v.t._ to mock.--_n._ a jest, joke, trick. [O. Fr. _japer_.]

JAPHETIC, ja-fet'ik, _adj._ a term formerly applied in ethnology to European peoples, the supposed descendants of _Japhet_, as opposed to Hamitic and Semitic.

JAPONICA, jap-on'i-ka, _n._ an abbreviation for _Pyrus japonica_, the Japanese quince.

JAR, jär, _v.i._ to make a harsh discordant sound: to dash: to quarrel: to be inconsistent.--_v.t._ to shake:--_pr.p._ jar'ring; _pa.p._ jarred.--_n._ a harsh rattling sound: clash of interests or opinions: discord.--_adv._ JAR'RINGLY. [Imit.; cf. _jargon_.]

JAR, jär, _n._ an earthen or glass bottle with a wide mouth: a measure. [O. Fr. _jare_--Pers. _jarrah_.]

JAR, jär, _n._ a turn, used only in the phrase, 'on the jar,' ajar. [See AJAR.]

JARDINIÈRE, zhar-d[=e]-ny[=a]r', _n._ a vessel for the display of flowers, growing or cut: a lappet forming part of an old head-dress. [Fr., 'a flower-stand,' _jardinier_, a gardener.]

JARGON, jär'gon, _n._ confused talk: slang.--_n._ JAR'GONIST, one who uses jargon. [Fr. _jargon_, prob. conn. with L. _garr[=i]re_, to prattle.]

JARGON, jär'gon, _n._ a variety of zircon found in Ceylon, transparent, colourless.--Also JAR'GOON.

JARGONELLE, jär-go-nel', _n._ a kind of pear. [Fr.]

JARKMAN, järk'man, _n._ (_slang_) a swindling beggar, a begging-letter writer.

JARL, järl, _n._ a noble, chief, earl. [Scand.]

JAROOL, ja-r[=oo]l', _n._ the Indian bloodwood.

JARRAH, jar'a, _n._ the mahogany gum-tree of Australia.

JARVEY, jär'vi, _n._ (_slang_) a hackney-coach driver.

JASEY, j[=a]'zi, _n._ a kind of wig, originally made of worsted. [Corr. of _Jersey_.]

JASHER, jäsh'[.e]r, _n._ one of the lost books of the ancient Hebrews, quoted twice (Josh. x. 13; 2 Sam. i. 18), most probably a collection of heroic ballads.

JASMINE, jas'min, JESSAMINE, jes'a-min, _n._ a genus of plants, many species of which have very fragrant flowers. [Fr. _jasmin_--Ar.,--Pers. _y[=a]sm[=i]n_.]

JASPER, jas'p[.e]r, _n._ a precious stone, being a hard siliceous mineral of various colours.--_adjs_. JAS'PÉ, having the surface ornamented with veins; JAS'PERATED, mixed with jasper; JAS'PERY, like jasper; JASPID'EAN, JASPID'EOUS, JAS'POID. [Fr. _jaspe_--L. and Gr. _iaspis_--Ar. _yasb_.]

JATAKA, jä'ta-kä, _n._ a nativity, the birth-story of Buddha. [Sans.,--_j[=a]ta_, born.]

JAUNCE, jäns, _v.i._ (_Shak._) to jolt or shake: to ride hard.--_n._ a jaunt. [O. Fr. _jancer_, to stir.]

JAUNDER, jän'der, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to talk idly.--_n._ gossip.

JAUNDICE, jän'dis, _n._ a disease, characterised by a yellowness of the eyes, skin, &c., caused by bile.--_adj._ JAUN'DICED, affected with jaundice: prejudiced. [Fr. _jaunisse_, from _jaune_, yellow--L. _galbinus_, yellowish, _galbus_, yellow.]

JAUNT, jänt, _v.i._ to go from place to place: to make an excursion.--_n._ an excursion: a ramble.--_adj._ JAUNT'ING, strolling: making an excursion.--_n._ JAUNT'ING-CAR, a low-set, two-wheeled, open vehicle used in Ireland, with side-seats back to back. [O. Fr. _jancer_, to stir (a horse); but more prob. Scand.]

JAUNTY, JANTY, jänt'i, _adj._ airy: showy: finical.--_adv._ JAUNT'ILY.--_n._ JAUNT'INESS. [Fr. _gentil_.]

JAUP, jäp, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to spatter.--_v.i._ to make a sound like water shaken in a vessel.--_n._ water or mud splashed up.

JAVEL, jav'el, _n._ (_Spens._) a worthless fellow.

JAVELIN, jav'lin, _n._ a spear meant to be hurled, anciently used by both infantry and cavalry. [O. Fr. _javelin_; prob. Celt.]

JAW, jaw, _n._ the bones of the mouth in which the teeth are set: the mouth: anything like a jaw: (_slang_) talkativeness, scolding.--_v.i._ (_slang_) to scold.--_ns._ JAW'BONE, the bone of the jaw, in which the teeth are set; JAW'-BREAK'ER (_slang_), a word hard to pronounce.--_adj._ JAWED, having jaws: denoting the appearance of the jaws, as _lantern-jawed_.--_n._ JAW'FALL, a falling of the jaw: (_fig._) depression of spirits.--_adj._ JAW'-FALL'EN, depressed in spirits: dejected.--_ns._ JAW'-FOOT, a foot-jaw, maxilliped; JAW'-L[=E]'VER, an instrument for opening the mouth of a horse or cow to admit medicine; JAW'-TOOTH, one of the double teeth, a grinder or molar.--BREAK-JAW WORD, a very long word, or one hard to pronounce; HOLD ONE'S JAW, to cease from talking or scolding. [Old spelling _chaw_, akin to _chew_.]

JAW, jaw, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to pour out, throw out: splash.--_ns._ JAW'-BOX, JAW'-HOLE, a sink.

JAY, j[=a], _n._ a bird of the crow family with gay plumage: a wanton woman: an indifferent actor, a stupid chattering fellow. [O. Fr. _jay_ (mod. Fr. _geai_); from root of _gay_.]

JAZERANT. See JESSERANT.

JEALOUS, jel'us, _adj._ suspicious of or incensed at rivalry: anxious to defend the honour of.--_adv._ JEAL'OUSLY.--_ns._ JEAL'OUSY, JEAL'OUSHOOD (_Shak._), JEAL'OUSNESS. [O. Fr. _jalous_ (mod. Fr. _jaloux_)--L. _zelus_--Gr. _z[=e]los_, emulation.]

JEAMES, j[=e]mz, _n._ a flunkey. [From Thackeray's '_Jeames_ de la Pluche.']

JEAN, j[=a]n, _n._ a twilled cotton cloth.--_n._ JEANETTE', coarse jean, for lining.--SATIN JEAN, a smooth, glossy, hard-twilled cotton goods. [_Jane_.]

JEBUSITE, jeb'[=u]-z[=i]t, _n._ one of a Canaanitish race who long defied the Israelites from their stronghold on Mount Zion.--_adj._ JEBUSIT'IC.

JEDDART, jed'dart, _n._ an old name for _Jedburgh_.--JEDDART AXE, a stout steel-headed pole, four feet long; JEDDART, or JEDWOOD, JUSTICE, hanging first and trying afterwards.

JEDGE, jej, _n._ (_Scot._) a gauge or standard.

JEER, j[=e]r, _v.t._ to make sport of: to treat with derision.--_v.i._ to scoff: to deride: to make a mock of.--_n._ a railing remark: biting jest: mockery.--_n._ JEER'ER, a scoffer or mocker.--_adv._ JEER'INGLY. [Acc. to Skeat, from the Dut. phrase _den gek scheeren_, lit. 'to shear the fool,' to mock, the words _gek scheeren_ (now _scheren_) being corr. into _jeer_.]

JEFF, jef, _v.i._ to gamble with printers' quadrats thrown like dice.

JEFF, jef, _n._ a rope, in circus slang.

JEFFERSONITE, jef'er-son-[=i]t, _n._ a greenish-black variety of pyroxene. [Thomas _Jefferson_, 1743-1826.]

JEHOIADA-BOX, j[=e]-hoi'a-da-boks, _n._ a child's savings-bank--from 2 Chron. xxiv. 6-11.

JEHOVAH, je-h[=o]'va, _n._ the eternal or self-existent Being, the chief Hebrew name of the Deity.--_n._ JEH[=O]'VIST, one who holds that the vowel-points annexed to the word _Jehovah_ in Hebrew are the proper vowels of the word, some maintaining that they are those of the word _Adonai_ or of _Elohim_: the supposed writer of the passages in the Pentateuch, in which the name applied to God is Jehovah.--_adj._ JEHOVIST'IC. [Heb. _Yah[=o]w[=a]h_, hardly from _h[=a]w[=a]h_, to be.]

JEHU, j[=e]'h[=u], _n._ (_coll._) a driver, esp. a furious whip. [A reference to 2 Kings, ix. 20.]

JEJUNE, je-j[=oo]n', _adj._ empty: void of interest: barren.--_adv._ JEJUNE'LY.--_ns._ JEJUNE'NESS; JEJU'NUM, the second division of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum. [L. _jejunus_, hungry.]

JELLY, jel'i, _n._ anything gelatinous: the juice of fruit boiled with sugar.--_v.i._ JELL, to jelly.--_adj._ JELL'IED, in the state of jelly.--_v.t._ JELL'IFY, to make into a jelly.--_v.i._ to become gelatinous.--_ns._ JELL'Y-BAG, a bag through which jelly is strained; JELL'Y-FISH, marine radiate animals like jelly. [Fr. _gelée_, from _geler_--L. _gel[=a]re_, to freeze.]

JELLYBY, jel'i-bi, _n._ a philanthropist who cares only for distant people--from Mrs _Jellyby_ in _Bleak House_, who busies herself about Borrioboola Gha, while her own household is going to ruin.

JEMIDAR, jem'i-där, _n._ a native officer in the Indian army of the rank of lieutenant: an officer of police, customs, &c.--Also JAM'ADAR. [Hind.]

JEMMY, jem'i, _n._ a burglar's short crowbar: (_slang_) a baked sheep's head: a greatcoat.

JEMMY, jem'i, _adj._ neat, smart, handy--also GEMM'Y.--_n._ JEMM'INESS, neatness.

JENKINS, jengk'ins, _n._ (_coll._) a society reporter, toady.

JENNET, jen'et, _n._ a small Spanish horse.--Also GENN'ET, GEN'ET. [O. Fr. _genette_--Sp. _ginete_; Moorish.]

JENNETING, jen'et-ing, _n._ a kind of early apple. [Prob. apple of St _Jean_ or John; not from _June-eating_.]

JENNY, jen'i, _n._ a female bird, a wren--usually JENN'Y-WREN: a female ass: a spinning-jenny. [From the name _Jenny_; prob. the last sense from _gin_.]

JEOFAIL, jef'[=a]l, _n._ an error in pleadings, or the acknowledgment of a mistake. [O. Fr. _je faille_, I fail.]

JEOPARDY, jep'ard-i, _n._ hazard, danger.--_vs.t._ JEOP'ARD, JEOP'ARDISE, to put in jeopardy.--_n._ JEOP'ARDER.--_adj._ JEOP'ARDOUS, exposed to danger or loss.--_adv._ JEOP'ARDOUSLY. [Fr. _jeu parti_, a divided game--Low L. _jocus partitus_--L. _jocus_, a game, _partitus_, divided--_part[=i]ri_, to divide.]

JERBOA, j[.e]r-b[=o]'a, _n._ a genus of small rodent quadrupeds, remarkable for the length of their hind-legs and their power of jumping. [Ar. _yarb[=u]`_.]

JEREED, je-r[=e]d', _n._ a kind of blunt javelin used by the Turks in mock-fights. [Ar. _jar[=i]d_.]

JEREMIAD, jer-e-m[=i]'ad, _n._ a lamentation: a tale of grief: a doleful story. [From _Jeremiah_ the prophet, author of the book of Lamentations.]

JERFALCON. Same as GYRFALCON.

JERICHO, jer'i-k[=o], _n._ a remote place, to which one is humorously consigned--from _Jericho_ in Palestine and the story in 2 Sam. x. 4, 5.

JERK, j[.e]rk, _v.t._ to throw with a quick effort: to give a sudden movement.--_n._ a short, sudden movement: a striking against with a sudden motion: an involuntary spasmodic contraction of a muscle.--_ns._ JERK'ER; JERK'INESS.--_adj._ JERK'Y, moving or coming by jerks or starts, spasmodic; capricious, impatient. [A variant of _jert_ and _gird_, and conn. with _yard_, a rod.]

JERK, j[.e]rk, _v.t._ to search, as a vessel for concealed or smuggled goods--also JERQUE.--_ns._ JERK'ER, JERQU'ER; JERQU'ING.

JERK, j[.e]rk, _n._ meat cut into thin pieces and dried in the sun.--Also JERK'Y. [Chilian _charqui_.]

JERKIN, j[.e]r'kin, _n._ a young salmon.--Also GIN'KIN.

JERKIN, j[.e]r'kin, _n._ a jacket, a short coat or close waistcoat.--_n._ JER'KIN-HEAD (_archit._) the combination of a truncated gable with a hipped roof. [Dut., dim. of _jurk_, a frock.]

JERKINET, j[.e]r'ki-net, _n._ a woman's outer jacket.

JEROBOAM, jer-o-b[=o]'am, _n._ a large metal bowl: eight bottles. [Allusion to 1 Kings, xi. 28.]

JERQUER, JERQUING. See JERK (2).

JERRY-BUILDER, jer'i-bild'[.e]r, _n._ one who builds flimsy houses cheaply and hastily, a speculative builder.--_n._ JERR'Y-BUILD'ING.--_adj._ JERR'Y-BUILT.--_n._ JERR'Y-SHOP, a low dram-shop. [Prob. the personal name.]

JERSEY, j[.e]r'zi, _n._ the finest part of wool: combed wool: a close-fitting woollen shirt, or kind of under-vest, worn in rowing, &c. [From the island _Jersey_.]

JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE, PONY. See ARTICHOKE, PONY.

JESS, jes, _n._ a short strap round the legs of a hawk.--_adj._ JESSED, having jesses on. [O. Fr. _ject_--L. _jact[=a]re_, to fling, freq. of _jac[)e]re_, to throw.]

JESSAMINE, jes'a-min. See JASMINE.

JESSAMY, jes'sa-mi, _n._ jasmine: a dandy.

JESSANT, jes'ant, _adj._ (_her._) rising from the bottom line of a field or an upper line of an ordinary. [Perhaps a corr. of _issuant_. Cf. _issue_.]

JESSE, jes'i, _n._ a large branched candlestick used in churches, formerly hung up in churches. [From its likeness to the genealogical tree of Christ's descent from _Jesse_ (Is. xi. 1), the father of David, often in medieval churches carried out in stained glass (a _jesse window_), sculpture, mural decoration, &c.]

JESSERANT, jes'e-rant, _n._ splint armour.--Also JAZ'ERANT. [O. Fr. _gesseron_, _jazeran_--Sp. _jacerina_.]

JEST, jest, _n._ something ludicrous: joke: fun: something uttered in sport: object of laughter.--_v.i._ to make a jest: to joust.--_ns._ JEST'-BOOK, a collection of funny stories; JEST'ER, one who jests: a buffoon: a court-fool.--_adj._ JEST'FUL, given to jesting.--_adv._ JEST'INGLY.--_n._ JEST'ING-STOCK, a butt for jests. [Orig. 'a deed, a story,' M. E. _geste_--O. Fr. _geste_--L. _gesta_--_ger[)e]re_, to do.]

JESUIT, jez'[=u]-it, _n._ a member of the famous religious order, the Society of _Jesus_, founded in 1534 by Ignatius Loyola: a crafty or insidious person, an intriguer.--_v.t._ to make a Jesuit of.--_adjs._ JESUIT'IC, -AL.--_adv._ Jesuit'ically.--_ns._ JES'UITISM, Jesuitry: the principles and practices of the Jesuits: cunning: deceit; JESUITOC'RACY, government by Jesuits; JES'UITRY, Jesuitism.--JESUITS' BARK, cinchona, because introduced to Rome by Jesuit missionaries.

JESUS, j[=e]'zus, _n._ the Saviour of mankind.--_n._ JÉSUS, a size of paper, super-royal.--COMPANY, or SOCIETY, OF JESUS, the Jesuit order.--GRAND JÉSUS, imperial. [Gr. _I[=e]sous_--Heb. _Y[=e]sh[=u]`a_, contr. of _Yeh[=o]sh[=u]`a_, help of Jehovah, the Saviour--_y[=a]sha`_, to save.]

JET, jet, _n._ a rich black variety of mineral coal, very hard and compact, taking a brilliant polish, used for ornaments.--_adj._ JET'-BLACK.--_n._ JET'TINESS.--_adj._ JET'TY, made of jet, or black as jet. [O. Fr. _jaet_--L.--Gr. _gagat[=e]s_, from _Gagas_, a town and river in Lycia, in Asia Minor, where it was obtained.]

JET, jet, _n._ a spouting stream: a spout at the end of a gas-pipe emitting the flame.--_v.t._ to throw out, shoot forth.--_v.i._ to strut, to encroach arrogantly upon.--_n._ JETTATU'RA, the Evil-eye. [O. Fr. _jetter_--L. _jact[=a]re_, to fling, freq. of _jac[)e]re_, to throw.]

JETSAM, jet'sam, _n._ the throwing of goods overboard to lighten a vessel: the goods so thrown away which remain under water (see FLOTSAM)--also JET'SOM, JET'SON, JET'TISON.--_v.t._ JET'TISON, to throw overboard, as goods, in time of danger. [Anglo-Fr. _jetteson_--L. _jactation-em_, a casting.]

JETTON, jet'on, _n._ a piece of stamped metal used as a counter in card-playing, &c.

JETTY, jet'i, _n._ a projection: a kind of pier. [O. Fr. _jettée_, thrown out. See Jet (2).]

JEW, j[=oo], _n._ an inhabitant of Judea: a Hebrew or Israelite: opprobriously used for a usurer, miser, &c.:--_fem._ JEW'ESS.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ (_coll._) to overreach: cheat.--_n._ JEW'-BAIT'ING, the persecuting of Jews.--_adj._ JEW'ISH, belonging to the Jews.--_adv._ JEW'ISHLY.--_ns._ JEW'ISHNESS; JEW'S'-EAR, a fungus that grows on the elder, and bears some resemblance to the human ear; JEW'S' FRANK'INCENSE, the balsam known as benzoin or gum storax, often used as an incense; JEW'S'-HARP, a small harp-shaped musical instrument played between the teeth by striking a spring with the finger; JEW'S'-MALL'OW, a plant much cultivated as a pot-herb by the Jews in Syria; JEW'S'-MYR'TLE, the prickly-leaved plant Ruscus aculeatus; JEW'S'-PITCH, asphaltum; JEW'S'-STONE, the fossil spine of a large echinus or sea hedgehog.--JEW'S EYE, in proverb 'Worth a Jew's eye,' something of high value--from the custom of torturing Jews for money; JEWS' HOUSES, in Cornwall, the name given to prehistoric miners' dwellings.--WANDERING JEW (see WANDER). [O. Fr. _Juis_--L. _Judæus_--Gr. _Ioudaios_--Heb. _Yeh[=u]d[=a]h_, Judah.]

JEWEL, j[=oo]'el, _n._ a precious stone: an ornament of precious stones, worn as a decoration: anything or any one highly valued.--_v.t._ to dress or adorn with jewels: to fit with a jewel:--_pr.p._ jew'elling; _pa.p._ jew'elled, in a watch, having pivot-holes of garnets or any other jewels.--_ns._ JEW'EL-CASE, a casket for holding jewels; JEW'ELLER, one who makes or deals in jewels; JEW'ELLERY, JEW'ELRY, jewels in general. [O. Fr. _jouel_ (Fr. _joyau_); either a dim. of Fr. _joie_, joy, from L. _gaudium_, joy--_gaud[=e]re_, to rejoice--or derived through Low L. _jocale_, from L. _joc[=a]ri_, to jest.]

JEWRY, j[=oo]'ri, _n._ Judea: a district inhabited by _Jews_.

JEZEBEL, jez'e-bel, _n._ a bold and vicious woman, a virago. [From Ahab's wicked wife.]

JIB, jib, _n._ a triangular sail borne in front of the foremast in a ship, so called from its shifting of itself.--_v.t._ to shift a boom sail from one tack to the other.--_v.i._ to move restively.--_ns._ JIB'-BOOM, a boom or extension of the bowsprit, on which the jib is spread; JIB'-DOOR, a door flush with the outside wall, intended to be concealed.--THE CUT OF ONE'S JIB, appearance. [Dan. _gibbe_, to jib; cf. Dut. _gijpen_, to turn suddenly.]

JIBBINGS, jib'ingz, _n.pl._ the last milk drawn from a cow.

JIBE. Same as GIBE.

JIFFY, jif'fi, _n._ (_coll._) an instant.

JIG, jig, _n._ a quick, lively tune: a quick dance suited to the tune.--_v.i._ to dance a jig:--_pr.p._ jig'ging; _pa.p._ jigged.--_adj._ JIG'GISH. [O. Fr. _gige_, _gigue_, a stringed instrument--Teut.; Ger. _geige_; cf. _gig_.]

JIGAMAREE, jig-a-ma-r[=e]', _n._ anything the name of which one forgets, a thingumbob.--Also JIG'GUMBOB.

JIGGER, jig'g[.e]r, _n._ a corruption of _chigoe_.

JIGGER, jig'g[.e]r, _n._ anything that jigs: one of many kinds of subsidiary appliances, as an apparatus for separating ores by jolting in sieves in water, a simple potter's wheel or a template or profile used with it, a warehouse crane, the bridge or rest for the cue in billiards: an old-fashioned sloop-rigged boat: a one-horse street car: a machine for exhibiting on a dial at once the prices at which sales are made, controlled by electric mechanism with a key-board: (_slang_) a drink of whisky.--_v.t._ to jerk or shake.

JIGGERED, jig'[.e]rd, _p.adj._ a meaningless and needless substitute for a profane oath.

JIGGING, jig'ing, _n._ in mining, the process of separating ore by means of a wire-bottomed sieve moved up and down in water.

JIGJOG, jig'jog, _n._ a jolting motion, a jog.--Also JICK'AJOG, JIG'AJOG. [Reduplicated form of jog.]

JIGOT, jig'ot, _n._ a leg of mutton. See GIGOT.

JILL, jil, _n._ Same as GILL.

JILL, jil, _n._ a young woman, often associated with Jack. [Short for _Gillian_--i.e. _Juliana_.]

JILT, jilt, _n._ a woman who encourages a lover and then rejects him.--_v.t._ to encourage and then discard a lover. [Formerly _jillet_, dim. of _Jill_.]

JIMCRACK. See GIMCRACK.

JIM CROW, jim kr[=o], _n._ one of the earliest negro-minstrel songs: a kind of generic name for the negro.

JIM-CROW, jim'-kr[=o], _n._ a tool for bending or straightening iron rails or bars.

JIMMY, jim'i, _n._ (_U.S._) a coal-car.

JIMP, jimp, _adj._ (_Scot._) slender, elegant.--_adv._ JIMP, JIMP'LY, neatly, hardly.--_adj._ JIMP'Y, neat.

JIMSON-WEED. See STRAMONIUM.

JINGAL, jing'gal, _n._ a large Chinese swivel-musket.

JINGLE, jing'l, _n._ a clinking sound: that which makes a rattling sound: a correspondence of sounds: a covered two-wheeled car.--_v.i._ to sound with a jingle.--_ns._ JING'LE-JANG'LE, a jingling sound; JING'LET, a ball serving as the clapper of a sleigh-bell; J[=I]NG'LING, a game in which blindfolded players within a ring try to catch a player with a bell tied to him. [Imit.]

JINGO, jing'g[=o], _n._ a name used in the expletives, 'By Jingo!' 'By the living Jingo!' From its occurrence in a music-hall song of 1878 that conveyed a threat against Russia, Jingo has come to mean a British Chauvinist.--_adjs._ JING'O, JING'OISH.--_n._ JING'OISM. [Often fearlessly derived from Basque _Jinkoa_, _Jainko_, God; no doubt conn. somehow with St _Gengulphus_ (died May 11, 760).]

JINK, jingk, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to move nimbly, to dodge.--_v.t._ to elude: to cheat.--_n._ a quick, illusory turn.

JINN, jin, _n.pl._ (sing. JIN'NEE) a class of spirits in Mohammedan mythology, formed of fire, living chiefly on the mountains of Káf which encircle the world, assuming various shapes, sometimes as men of enormous size and portentous hideousness.--Also DJINN, GINN. The _jinn_ are often called _genii_ by a confusion. A plural JINNS is sometimes erroneously used. [Ar. _jinn_, pl. _jinn[=i]y_.]

JINRIKISHA, jin-rik'i-shä, _n._ a small, two-wheeled hooded carriage drawn by men. [Jap. _jin_, man, _riki_, power, _sha_, carriage.]

JOB, job, _n._ a sudden stroke or stab with a pointed instrument like a beak.--_v.t._ to strike or stab suddenly:--_pr.p._ job'bing; _pa.p._ jobbed. [Gael. _gob_, W. _gwp_, a bird's beak; conn. with _gobble_, _job_.]

JOB, job, _n._ any piece of work, esp. of a trifling or temporary nature: miscellaneous printing-work: any undertaking with a view to profit: a mean transaction, in which private gain is sought under pretence of public service.--_adj._ of a particular job or transaction, assigned to a special use: bought or sold lumped together.--_v.i._ to work at jobs: to buy and sell as a broker: to hire or let out by the week or month, esp. horses.--_ns._ JOB'BER, one who jobs: one who buys and sells, as a broker or middleman: one who turns official actions to private advantage: one who engages in a mean lucrative affair; JOB'BERY, jobbing: unfair means employed to procure some private end; JOB'-MAS'TER, a livery-stable keeper who jobs out horses and carriages.--A BAD JOB, an unfortunate affair; ODD JOBS, occasional pieces of work. [Formerly _gob_--O. Fr. _gob_, a mouthful; from the same Celtic root as _gobble_.]

JOB, j[=o]b, _n._ a monument of patience--from _Job_ in Scripture.--_n._ JOB[=A]'TION, a tedious scolding.--JOB'S COMFORTER, one who aggravates the distress of an unfortunate man he has come to comfort; JOB'S NEWS, bad news; JOB'S POST, the bearer of bad news.

JOCKEY, jok'i, _n._ a man (orig. a boy) who rides horses in a race: a horse-dealer: one who takes undue advantage in business.--_v.t._ to jostle by riding against: to cheat.--_ns._ JOCK'EYISM, JOCK'EYSHIP, the art or practice of a jockey.--JOCKEY CLUB, an association for the promotion and ordering of horse-racing. [Dim. of _Jock_, northern Eng. for _Jack_.]

JOCKTELEG, jok'te-leg, _n._ (_Scot._) a large clasp-knife. [Cf. _jack-knife_.]

JOCOSE, jo-k[=o]s', _adj._ full of jokes: humorous: merry.--_adv._ JOCOSE'LY.--_ns._ JOCOSE'NESS, JOCOS'ITY, the quality of being jocose.--_adj._ JOCO-S[=E]'RIOUS, half in jest, half in earnest. [L. _jocosus_--_jocus_, a joke.]

JOCULAR, jok'[=u]-lar, _adj._ given to jokes: humorous: droll: laughable.--_n._ JOCULAR'ITY.--_adv._ JOC'ULARLY.--_n._ JOCUL[=A]'TOR, a professional jester or minstrel.--_adj._ JOC'UL[=A]TORY. [L. _jocularis_--_jocus_.]

JOCUND, jok'und, _adj._ in a jocose humour: merry: cheerful: pleasant.--_ns._ JOCUND'ITY, JOCUND'NESS.--_adv._ JOC'UNDLY. [Fr.,--L. _jocundus_--_jocus_.]

JODEL, j[=o]'del, _v.i._ to sing with the falsetto voice in harmonic progressions.--Also _n._ [Swiss.]

JOE, j[=o], JOEY, j[=o]'i, _n._ (_slang_) a fourpenny-bit--from _Joseph_ Hume, M.P., their author, 1836.--JOE MILLER, an old or stale jest, a jest-book; JOE MILLERISM, the habit of retailing stale jests--from _Joe Miller_ (1684-1738), a comedian but notoriously dull fellow, whose name was attached to a collection in 1739.

JOE, or JO, j[=o], _n._ (_Scot._) a sweetheart.

JOG, jog, _v.t._ to shake: to push with the elbow or hand, to stimulate, stir up, as the memory.--_v.i._ to move by jogs: to travel slowly:--_pr.p._ jog'ging; _pa.p._ jogged.--_n._ a slight shake: a push.--_ns._ JOG'GER (_Dryden_), one who moves slowly and heavily; JOG'TROT, a slow jogging trot.--BE JOGGING, to move on, to depart. [A weakened form of _shock_.]

JOGGLE, jog'l, _n._ a notch in joints adapted in fitting stones or pieces of timber together to keep them from sliding. [Dim. of _jog_, to push.]

JOGGLE, jog'l, _v.t._ to jog or shake slightly: to jostle.--_v.i._ to shake:--_pr.p._ jogg'ling; _pa.p._ jogg'led. [Dim. of _jog_.]

JOHANNES, j[=o]-han'[=e]z, _n._ an old Portuguese gold coin.--Also JOANN'ES.

JOHANNINE, j[=o]-an'n[=i]n, _adj._ pertaining to St John.--Also JOHAN'N[=E]AN. [L. _Joannes_.]

JOHANNISBERGER, j[=o]-hän'nis-b[.e]r-g[.e]r, _n._ a white Rhenish wine grown at _Johannisberg_ ('St John's Mountain'), near Wiesbaden.

JOHN, jon, _n._ a proper name, one of whose diminutives, JOHN'NY, is sometimes used in slang for a simpleton or a fellow generally.--_ns._ JOHN'-A-DREAMS' (_Shak._), a dreamy fellow; JOHN'IAN, a member of St John's College, Cambridge; JOHN'NY-CAKE, a cake of Indian meal toasted; JOHN'NY-RAW, a beginner.--JOHN BULL, a generic name for an Englishman from Arbuthnott's _History of John Bull_, 1712; JOHN BULLISM, the typical English character, or any act or word expressive of it; JOHN CHINAMAN, a Chinaman, the Chinese collectively; JOHN COMPANY, an old colloquial name for the Honourable East India Company; JOHN DORY (see DORY); JOHN THOMAS, a generic name for a flunkey.

JOHNSONIANISM, jon-s[=o]'ni-an-izm, _n._ a peculiarity of Dr _Johnson_, the lexicographer (1709-83)--also JOHN'SONISM.--_n._ JOHN'SONESE, the Johnsonian style, or an imitation of it--ponderous English, full of words of classical origin.

JOIN, join, _v.t._ to connect: to unite: to associate: to add or annex.--_v.i._ to be connected with: to grow together: to be in close contact: to unite (_with_).--_ns._ JOIND'ER, joining; JOIN'ER, one who joins or unites: a carpenter; JOIN'ERY, the art of the joiner; JOIN'-HAND, running hand; JOIN'ING, the act of joining: a seam: a joint; JOINT, a joining: the place where, or mode in which, two or more things join, as two rails, two pieces of timber connected by mortises and tenons, &c.: the flexible hinge of cloth or leather connecting the back of a book with its sides: (_geol._) a crack intersecting a mass of rock: a knot: a hinge: a seam: a place of resort for tramps: (_U.S._) an opium-den: the place where two bones are joined: (_cook._) the part of the limb of an animal cut off at the joint.--_adj._ joined, united, or combined: shared among more than one.--_v.t._ to unite by joints: to fit closely: to provide with joints: to cut into joints, as an animal.--_v.i._ to fit like joints.--_adj._ JOINT'ED, having joints.--_ns._ JOINT'ER, the largest kind of plane used by a joiner: a bent piece of iron for riveting two stones together; JOINT'ING-RULE, a long, straight-edged rule used by bricklayers for keeping their work even.--_adv._ JOINT'LY, in a joint manner: unitedly or in combination: together.--_ns._ JOINT'-OIL, the synovia, a viscid secretion for lubricating the articular surfaces; JOINT'-STOCK, stock held jointly or in company; JOINT'-STOOL (_Shak._), a stool made of parts inserted in each other; JOINT'-TEN'ANCY, the ownership of land or goods along with one or more persons; JOINT'-TEN'ANT, one who is owner of land or goods along with others; JOINT'URE, property joined to or settled on a woman at marriage to be enjoyed after her husband's death.--_v.t._ to settle a jointure upon.--_ns._ JOINT'[=U]RESS, JOIN'TRESS, a woman on whom a jointure is settled.--JOIN BATTLE, to engage in battle.--OUT OF JOINT, dislocated, (_fig._) disordered; PUT ONE'S NOSE OUT OF JOINT, to supplant in another's love or confidence; SECOND JOINT, the middle piece of a fly fishing-rod: the thigh of a fowl--opp. to the leg or drumstick, the first joint; UNIVERSAL JOINT, a contrivance by which one part of a machine is able to move freely in all directions, as in the ball-and-socket joint. [O. Fr. _joindre_--L. _jung[)e]re_, _junctum_.]

JOIST, joist, _n._ the timbers to which the boards of a floor or the laths of a ceiling are nailed.--_v.t._ to fit with joists. [O. Fr. _giste_--_gesir_--L. _jac[=e]re_, to lie.]

JOKE, j[=o]k, _n._ a jest: a witticism: something witty or sportive: anything said or done to excite a laugh.--_v.t._ to cast jokes at: to banter: to make merry with.--_v.i._ to jest: to be merry: to make sport.--_n._ JOK'ER, one who jokes or jests: a card, generally the highest trump, at euchre.--_adv._ JOK'INGLY, in a joking manner. [L. _jocus_.]

JOLE, another form of _jowl_.

JOLE, JOLL, j[=o]l, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to beat against anything, to clash with violence.

JOLLY, jol'i, _adj._ merry: expressing or exciting mirth, jovial: comely, robust.--_n._ JOLLIFIC[=A]'TION, a making jolly: noisy festivity and merriment.--_adv._ JOLL'ILY.--_ns._ JOLL'IMENT (_Spens._), merriment; JOLL'ITY, JOLL'INESS.--_adv._ JOLL'Y (_coll._), uncommonly. [O. Fr. _jolif_, _joli_--Ice. _jol_, Yule.]

JOLLYBOAT, jol'i-b[=o]t, _n._ a small boat belonging to a ship. [Dan. _jolle_, a boat, and Eng. _boat_.]

JOLT, j[=o]lt, _v.i._ to shake with sudden jerks.--_v.t._ to shake with a sudden shock.--_n._ a sudden jerk.--_ns._ JOLT'ER; JOLT'-HEAD, JOLT'ERHEAD, a blockhead.--_adv._ JOLT'INGLY, in a jolting manner. [Old form _joll_, prob. conn. with _jowl_.]

JONAH, j[=o]'nä, _n._ an unlucky passenger on shipboard or elsewhere--from the prophet _Jonah_.

JONATHAN, jon'a-than, _n._ the people of the United States, collectively, or a typical specimen, BROTHER JONATHAN. [Perh. from the sagacious Governor _Jonathan_ Trumbull, 1710-85.]

JONGLEUR, zhong'gler, _n._ a minstrel: a mountebank. [O. Fr. _jogleor_--L. _joculator_; cf. _Juggler_.]

JONQUIL, jon'kwil, _n._ a name given to certain species of narcissus with rush-like leaves.--Also JON'QUILL. [Fr. _jonquille_--L. _juncus_, a rush.]

JORDAN, jor'dan, _n._ (_Shak._) a chamber-pot. [_Jordan_-bottle, a pilgrim's bottle containing _Jordan_ water.]

JORUM, j[=o]'rum, _n._ a drinking bowl or vessel, also its contents.--Also J[=O]'RAM. [Ety. unknown.]

JOSEPH, j[=o]'zef, _n._ one whose chastity is above temptation--from the story of _Joseph_ and Potiphar's wife in Gen. xxxix.: a caped overcoat worn by women in the 18th century for riding--in allusion to _Joseph's_ coat, Gen. xxxvii. 3.

JOSKIN, jos'kin, _n._ a clown, yokel. [Thieves' cant.]

JOSS, jos, _n._ a Chinese idol.--_ns._ JOSS'-HOUSE, a temple; JOSS'-STICK, a stick of gum burned as incense to their gods. [Pidgin-English corr. of the Port. _deos_, god.]

JOSS-BLOCK, jos'-blok, _n._ (_prov._) a horse-block.

JOSTLE, jos'l, _v.t._ to joust or strike against: to drive against. [Freq. of _joust_.]

JOT, jot, _n._ the least quantity assignable.--_v.t._ to set down briefly: to make a memorandum of:--_pr.p._ jot'ting; _pa.p._ jot'ted.--_ns._ JOT'TER, one who jots: a book for memoranda; JOT'TING, a memorandum. [L.,--Gr. _i[=o]ta_--Heb. _y[=o]dh_, the smallest letter in the alphabet, Eng. _i_.]

JOTUN, y[=o]'tun, _n._ a giant. [Ice. _jötunn_.]

JOUGS, joogz, _n._ an iron neck-ring that constituted the old Scottish pillory. [O. Fr. _joug_, a yoke--L. _jugum_.]

JOUISANCE, j[=oo]'is-ans, _n._ (_Spens._) joyousness. [Fr.,--_jouir_, to enjoy--L. _gaud[=e]re_, to rejoice.]

JOUK, JOOK, j[=oo]k, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to duck or dodge: to bow.--_ns._ JOUK'ERY, JOOK'ERY, trickery; JOUK'ERY-PAWK'ERY, low cunning, trickery.

JOULE, j[=oo]l, _n._ the practical unit of electrical energy. [After James Prescott _Joule_ (1818-89).]

JOUNCE, jowns, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to jolt, shake.

JOURNAL, jur'nal, _n._ a daily register or diary: a book containing an account of each day's transactions: a newspaper published daily or otherwise: a magazine: the transactions of any society.--_n._ JOURNALESE', the language of journalism.--_v.i._ JOUR'NAL[=I]SE, to write articles for a journal.--_v.t._ to enter in a journal:--_pr.p._ jour'nal[=i]sing; _pa.p._ jour'nal[=i]sed.--_ns._ JOUR'NALISM, the keeping of a journal: the profession of conducting or writing for public journals; JOUR'NALIST, one who writes for or conducts a newspaper.--_adj._ JOURNALIST'IC, pertaining to journalism. [Fr.,--L. _diurnalis_.]

JOURNAL, jur'nal, _n._ (_mech._) that part of a shaft or axle which rests in the bearings.--_v.t._ to insert, as a shaft, in a journal-bearing.

JOURNEY, jur'ni, _n._ any travel: tour: excursion: the weight of finished coins delivered at one time to the Master of the Mint--also JOUR'NEY-WEIGHT.--_v.i._ JOUR'NEY, to travel:--_pr.p._ jour'neying; _pa.p._ jour'neyed (-nid).--_adj._ JOUR'NEY-BAT'ED (_Shak._), wayworn.--_ns._ JOUR'NEYMAN, one who works by the day: any hired workman: one whose apprenticeship is completed; JOUR'NEY-WORK, work done by a journeyman or for hire. [Fr. _journée_--_jour_, a day--L. _diurnus_.]

JOUST, j[=oo]st, JUST, just, _n._ the encounter of two knights on horseback at a tournament.--_v.i._ to run in the tilt. [O. Fr. _jouste_, _joste_--L. _juxta_, nigh to.]

JOVIAL, j[=o]'vi-al, _adj._ joyous: full of mirth and happiness.--_ns._ JOVE, Jupiter; JOVIAL'ITY, J[=O]'VIALNESS, quality of being jovial.--_adv._ J[=O]'VIALLY. [L.,--_Jupiter_, _Jovis_, Jupiter, an auspicious star.]

JOW, jow, _v.t._ and _v.i._ (_Scot._) to ring, toll.--_n._ a stroke of a bell.

JOWL, jowl, _n._ the jaw or cheek.--_n._ JOWL'ER, a heavy-jawed hound. [M. E. forms are _chol_, _chaul_, corr. from _chavel_, and this again from A.S. _ceafl_, the jaw.]

JOWL, j[=o]l, _v.t._ (_Shak._). Same as JOLE, to beat.

JOWTER, jow't[.e]r, _n._ a fish-hawker.--Also JOW'DER. [Prob. a form of _jolter_.]

JOY, joi, _n._ gladness: rapture, mirth: the cause of joy.--_v.i._ to rejoice: to be glad: to exult:--_pr.p._ joy'ing; _pa.p._ joyed.--_v.t._ JOY (_Milt._), to enjoy.--_n._ JOY'ANCE (_Spens._), gaiety, festivity.--_adj._ JOY'FUL, full of joy: very glad, happy, or merry.--_adv._ JOY'FULLY.--_n._ JOY'FULNESS.--_adj._ JOY'LESS, without joy: not giving joy.--_adv._ JOY'LESSLY.--_n._ JOY'LESSNESS.--_adj._ JOY'OUS, full of joy, happiness, or merriment.--_adv._ JOY'OUSLY.--_n._ JOY'OUSNESS.--THE SEVEN JOYS OF THE VIRGIN:--the Annunciation, the Visitation, the Nativity, the Adoration of the three wise men, the Presentation in the Temple, the Discovery of the child in the Temple amidst the doctors, her Assumption and Coronation. [Fr. _joie_ (It. _gioja_)--L. _gaudium_--_gaud[=e]re_, to rejoice.]

JUBA, j[=oo]'ba, _n._ a negro breakdown or rustic dance, in which the spectators clap hands, slap their thighs, and sing verses with _juba_ as a refrain.

JUBATE, j[=oo]'b[=a]t, _adj._ having a mane.

JUBBAH, jub'a, _n._ a long loose outer garment worn by Mohammedans in India, &c.

JUBE, j[=oo]'b[=e], _n._ the rood-loft or gallery over the entrance to the choir of a church. [L., imperat. of _jub[=e]re_, to command.]

JUBILANT, j[=oo]'bi-lant, _adj._ shouting for joy: rejoicing: uttering songs of triumph.--_n._ JU'BILANCE, exultation.--_adv._ JUBILANTLY.--_v.i._ JU'BILATE, to exult, rejoice.--_ns._ JUBIL[=A]'T[=E], the third Sunday after Easter, so called because the Church Service began on that day with the 66th Psalm, 'Jubilate Deo,' &c.: also the 100th Psalm, which in the English Prayer-Book is a canticle used as an alternative for the Benedictus; JUBIL[=A]'TION, a shouting for joy: the declaration of triumph. [L. _jubil[=a]re_, to shout for joy. Not conn. with _Jubilee_.]

JUBILEE, j[=oo]'bi-l[=e], _n._ the year of release among the Jews every fiftieth year, proclaimed by the sound of a trumpet: the celebration of a fiftieth anniversary--e.g. of a king's accession, a bishop's consecration, &c.: in the R.C. Church, a year (every twenty-fifth--_Ordinary jubilee_) of indulgence for pilgrims and others, an _Extraordinary jubilee_ being specially appointed by the Pope: any season of great public joy and festivity. [Fr. _jubilé_--L. _jubilæus_--Heb. _y[=o]bel_, a trumpet, the blast of a trumpet.]

JUD, jud, _n._ a mass of coal holed or undercut so as to be thrown down by wedges.

JUDAIC, -AL, j[=oo]-d[=a]'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to the Jews.--_adv._ JUD[=A]'ICALLY.--_n._ JUDAIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ JU'DA[=I]SE, to conform to or practise Judaism.--_ns._ JUDA[=I]'SER; JU'DAISM, the doctrines and rites of the Jews: conformity to the Jewish rites; JU'DAIST, one who holds the doctrines of Judaism.--_adj._ JUDAIST'IC, pertaining to Judaism.--_adv._ JUDAIST'ICALLY. [L. _Judaicus_--_Juda_, Judah, a son of Israel.]

JUDAS, j[=oo]'das, _n._ a traitor: an opening in a jail-door, &c.--_adj._ JU'DAS-COL'OURED, red of hair--_Judas_ traditionally being red-haired.--_ns._ JU'DAS-HOLE, a small hole in a door for watching; JU'DAS-KISS, any act of treachery under the guise of kindness (Matt. xxvi. 48, 49); JU'DAS-TREE, a tree with rose-coloured flowers that appear before the leaves--_Judas_ having hanged himself on one.

JUDEAN, j[=oo]-d[=e]'an, _adj._ belonging to _Judea_.--_n._ a native of Judea.

JUDGE, juj, _v.i._ to point out or declare what is just or law: to hear and decide: to pass sentence: to compare facts to determine the truth: to form or pass an opinion: to distinguish.--_v.t._ to hear and determine authoritatively: to sentence: to decide the merits of: to be censorious towards: to consider: (_B._) to condemn.--_n._ one who judges: a civil officer who hears and settles any cause: an arbitrator: one who can decide upon the merit of anything: in Jewish history, a supreme magistrate having civil and military powers: (_pl._) title of 7th book of the Old Testament.--_ns._ JUDGE'SHIP, the office of a judge; JUDG'MENT, act of judging: the comparing of ideas to elicit truth: faculty by which this is done, the reason: opinion formed: taste: sentence: condemnation: doom; JUDG'MENT-DAY, the day on which God will pronounce final judgment on mankind; JUDG'MENT-DEBT, a debt evidenced by legal record; JUDG'MENT-HALL, a hall where a court of justice meets; JUDG'MENT-SEAT, seat or bench in a court from which judgment is pronounced. [Fr. _juger_--L. _judic[=a]re_--_jus_, law, _dic[)e]re_, to declare.]

JUDICA, j[=oo]'di-ka, _n._ Passion Sunday--from the opening words of the introit, '_Judica_ me, Deus' (43d Ps.).

JUDICATURE, j[=oo]'di-k[=a]-t[=u]r, _n._ power of dispensing justice by legal trial: jurisdiction: a tribunal.--_adjs._ JU'DICABLE, that may be judged or tried; JU'DIC[=A]TIVE, having power to judge; JU'DIC[=A]TORY, pertaining to a judge: distributing justice.--_n._ distribution of justice: a tribunal.

JUDICIAL, j[=oo]-dish'al, _adj._ pertaining to a judge or court of justice: established by statute.--_adv._ JUDIC'IALLY.--JUDICIAL COMMITTEE, an offshoot of the Privy Council, forming a court of appeal; JUDICIAL FACTOR, in Scotland, an administrator appointed by the courts to manage the estate of some one under some imperfection; JUDICIAL SEPARATION, the separation of two married persons by order of the Divorce Court. [L. _judicialis_--_judicium_.]

JUDICIARY, j[=oo]-dish'i-ar-i, _n._ the judges taken collectively.--_adj._ pertaining to the courts of law: passing judgment. [L. _judiciarius_.]

JUDICIOUS, j[=oo]-dish'us, _adj._ according to sound judgment: possessing sound judgment: discreet.--_adv._ JUDIC'IOUSLY.--_n._ JUDIC'IOUSNESS. [Fr. _judicieux_--Low L. _judiciosus_--L. _judicium_.]

JUDY, j[=oo]'di, _n._ Punch's wife in the puppet-show: a native Chinese strumpet. [Corr. of _Judith_.]

JUG, jug, _n._ a large vessel with a swelling body and narrow mouth for liquors.--_v.t._ to boil or stew as in a jug:--_pr.p._ jug'ging; _pa.p._ jugged.--JUGGED HARE (see HARE); STONE JUG (_slang_), jail. [Prob. _Judy_, jocularly applied to a drinking-vessel; cf. _Jack_ and _Jill_ in a like sense.]

JUG, jug, _v.i._ to utter the sound _jug_, as certain birds, esp. the nightingale.--_n._ JUG-JUG. [Imit.]

JUGAL, j[=oo]'gal, _adj._ malar: joining, uniting.--_n._ a bone of the zygomatic arch, malar bone.

JUGATE, -D, j[=oo]'g[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ (_bot._) having the leaflets in pairs: joined as jugata on a coin, &c.--_n.pl._ JU'GATA, heads shown side by side or overlapping.

JUGGERNAUT, jug'er-nawt, _n._ an idol of the Hindu god Vishnu, beneath whose car devotees were supposed to immolate themselves; hence the 'car of Juggernaut' stands metaphorically for any Moloch of self-sacrifice. [Sans. _Jagann[=a]tha_, lord of the world.]

JUGGINS, jug'ginz, _n._ (_slang_) a simpleton.

JUGGLE, jug'l, _v.i._ to joke or jest: to amuse by sleight-of-hand: to conjure: to practise artifice or imposture.--_n._ a trick by sleight-of-hand: an imposture.--_ns._ JUGG'LER, one who performs tricks by sleight-of-hand: a trickish fellow; JUGG'LERY, art or tricks of a juggler: legerdemain: trickery.--_adv._ JUGG'LINGLY, in a deceptive manner. [O. Fr. _jogler_--L. _jocul[=a]ri_, to jest--_jocus_, a jest.]

JUGLANS, j[=oo]'glanz, _n._ a genus of the walnut family.

JUGULAR, jug'[=u]-lar, _adj._ pertaining to the collar-bone, which joins the neck and shoulders.--_n._ one of the large veins on each side of the neck. [L. _jugulum_, the collar-bone--_jung[)e]re_, to join.]

JUICE, j[=oo]s, _n._ the sap of vegetables: the fluid part of animal bodies.--_adj._ JUICE'LESS.--_n._ JUIC'INESS.--_adj._ JUIC'Y. [Fr.,--L. _jus_, broth, lit. mixture.]

JUJUBE, j[=oo]'j[=oo]b, _n._ a genus of spiny shrubs or small trees, the fruit of which is dried as a sweetmeat: a lozenge made of sugar and gum. [Fr.,--L. _zizyphum_--Gr. _zizyphon_--Pers. _z[=i]zfun_, the jujube-tree.]

JULEP, j[=oo]'lep, _n._ a pleasant liquid medicine in which other nauseous medicines are taken.--Also JU'LAP. [Fr.,--Sp. _julepe_--Ar. _j[=u]l[=a]b_--Pers. _j[=u]l[=a]b_.]

JULIAN, j[=oo]l'yan, _adj._ pertaining to C. _Julius_ Cæsar (B.C. 100-44).--JULIAN YEAR (see YEAR).

JULIENNE, zhü-li-en', _n._ a clear soup, with shredded herbs. [_Julien_, a French cook in Boston.]

JULY, j[=oo]'l[=i], _n._ the seventh month of the year--from Caius _Julius_ Cæsar, who was born in it.

JUMART, j[=oo]'mart, _n._ the offspring of a bull and a mare, or horse and cow. [Fr.,--L. _jumentum_.]

JUMBLE, jum'bl, _v.t._ to mix confusedly: to throw together without order.--_v.i._ to be mixed together confusedly: to be agitated: to jump at, to accept eagerly.--_n._ a confused mixture.--_n._ JUM'BLE-SALE, a charity bazaar of cast-off clothing, rubbish, &c.--_adv._ JUM'BLINGLY, in a jumbled or confused manner. [Prob. a freq. of _jump_.]

JUMBO, jum'b[=o], _n._ a colossus.--_adj._ huge, colossal. [Name of a huge elephant sold in 1882 from the London Zoological Gardens to P. T. Barnum.]

JUMP, jump, _v.i._ to spring upward, or forward, or both: to bound: to pass to as by a leap: to agree, coincide (_with_).--_v.t._ to pass by a leap: to skip over: to cause to start, as game:--_pr.p._ jump'ing; _pa.p._ jumped.--_n._ act of jumping: a bound, a hazard.--_adv._ (_Shak._) exactly.--_ns._ JUMP'ER, one who jumps: a long iron drill or borer used in quarries and mines: (_pl._) a term applied to certain Welsh Methodists (c. 1760), who jumped about in worship: JUMP'ING-DEER, the black-tailed American deer; JUMP'ING-HARE, a South African rodent, akin to the jerboas; JUMP'-SEAT, a carriage-seat which may be moved backwards or forwards, so as to be used as single or double: a carriage with a movable seat; COUNT'ER-JUMP'ER, a draper's shopman.--JUMP A CLAIM (_U.S._), to take land to which another already holds a claim; JUMP AT, to embrace with eagerness; JUMP ONE'S BAIL, to abscond, forfeiting one's bail; JUMP OVER, to disregard, omit; JUMP OVER THE BROOMSTICK, to make an irregular marriage. [From a Teut. root seen in Sw. dial. _gumpa_, Middle High Ger. _gumpen_, to jump.]

JUMP, jump, JUMPER, jump'er, _n._ a loose garment: overall. [More prob. a thing to be _jumped_ or slipped on, than from Fr. _jupe_, a petticoat, skirt.]

JUNCACEOUS, jun-k[=a]'shus, _adj._ of or pertaining to the _Juncaceæ_, a natural order of plants, of which the JUN'CUS, or rush, is the type.

JUNCATE, jungk'[=a]t, _n._ Same as JUNKET.

JUNCO, jung'k[=o], _n._ a North American snow-bird.

JUNCTION, jungk'shun, _n._ a joining, a union or combination: place or point of union. [_Join_.]

JUNCTURE, jungk't[=u]r, _n._ a joining, a union: a critical or important point of time. [L. _junctura_.]

JUNE, j[=oo]n, _n._ the sixth month, originally of 26 days, but since Julius Cæsar's time of 30. [L. _Junius_, the sixth month, prob. from root of L. _juvenis_, junior.]

JUNEATING, an erroneous form of _jenneting_.

JUNGERMANNIA, joong-ger-man'i-ä, _n._ (_bot._) a suborder of _Hepaticæ_. [From a German botanist, _Jungermann_ (1572-1653).]

JUNGLE, jung'gl, _n._ land covered with thick brushwood, &c.--_ns._ JUNGLE-F[=E]'VER, a severe malarial or remittent fever; JUNG'LE-FOWL, a wild species of genus _Gallus_, the parent of our barn-door fowl.--_adj._ JUNG'LY. [Sans. _jañgala_, desert.]

JUNIOR, j[=oo]n'yur, _adj._ younger: less advanced.--_n._ one younger or less advanced.--_ns._ JUNIOR'ITY, JUN'IORSHIP; JUN'IOR-RIGHT, borough-English (q.v.).--JUNIOR OPTIME, a third-class honours man at Cambridge, next to Wranglers and Senior Optimes; JUNIOR SOPH, an undergraduate of the second year at Cambridge. [Contr. of L. _juvenior_, younger--_juvenis_, young.]

JUNIPER, j[=oo]'ni-p[.e]r, _n._ an evergreen shrub, the berries of which are used in making gin. [L. _juniperus_--_juvenis_, young, _par[)e]re_, to bring forth.]

JUNK, jungk, _n._ a Chinese vessel, with high forecastle and poop, sometimes large and three-masted. [Port. _junco_--Chinese _chw`an_, a boat.]

JUNK, jungk, _n._ pieces of old cordage, used for making mats, &c., and when picked to pieces, forming oakum for the seams of ships: salt meat supplied to vessels for long voyages, so called because it becomes as hard as old rope.--_ns._ JUNK'-DEAL'ER, JUNK'MAN, a dealer in junk; JUNK'-RING, a metal ring confining a fibrous piston-packing; JUNK'-SHOP, a place where junk is bought and sold. [L. _juncus_, a rush.]

JUNK, jungk, _n._ a thick piece, chunk. [_Chunk_.]

JUNK-BOTTLE, junk'bot-l, _n._ a thick, strong bottle, of green or black glass.

JUNKER, y[=oo]ng'k[.e]r, _n._ a young German noble or squire.--_n._ JUNK'ERISM, the narrow political and social ideas of the aristocratic party in Prussia called _Junkers_.

JUNKET, jung'ket, _n._ any sweetmeat or delicacy: curds mixed with cream, sweetened and flavoured: a feast or merrymaking, a picnic, a spree.--_v.i._ to feast, banquet, take part in a convivial entertainment or spree.--_v.t._ to feast, regale, entertain:--_pr.p._ junketing; _pa.p._ jun'keted.--_n._ JUNK'ETING, a merry feast or entertainment, picnicking. [It. _guincata_--L. _juncus_, a rush.]

JUNO, j[=oo]'n[=o], _n._ in Roman mythology, the wife of Jupiter, parallel with the Greek Hera, regarded as the special protectress of marriage and the guardian of woman from birth to death: a queenly woman.--_adj._ JUN[=O]'NIAN.

JUNTA, jun'ta, _n._ a meeting, council: a Spanish grand council of state. [Sp.,--L. _jung[)e]re_, to join.]

JUNTO, jun't[=o], _n._ a body of men joined or united for some secret intrigue: a confederacy: a cabal or faction:--_pl._ JUN'TOS. [Sp. _junta_.]

JUPATI-PALM, j[=oo]'pa-t[=e]-päm, _n._ a South American palm yielding the raphia-fibre.

JUPITER, j[=oo]'pi-t[.e]r, _n._ the chief god among the Romans, the parallel of the Greek Zeus--also JOVE: the largest and, next to Venus, the brightest of the planets.--JUPITER'S BEARD, the house-leek. [L., Gr. _Zeus pat[=e]r_, Sans. _Dyaus pitar_, lit. 'Jove (Zeus) father.']

JUPON, j[=oo]'-pon, _n._ a sleeveless jacket or close-fitting coat, extending down over the hips: a petticoat.--_n._ JUPETTE', a jupon with very short skirt. [Fr. _jupon_, _jupe_, a petticoat.]

JURAL, j[=oo]'ral, _adj._ pertaining to natural or positive right.--_adv._ JU'RALLY.

JURASSIC, j[=oo]-ras'sik, _adj._ (_geol._) one of the three divisions of the Mesozoic rocks, including the Lias and Oolites, and so called from its well-developed strata in the _Jura_ Mountains.

JURAT, j[=oo]'rat, _n._ the official memorandum at the end of an affidavit, showing the time when and the person before whom it was sworn.

JURAT, j[=oo]'rat, _n._ a sworn officer, as a magistrate.

JURANT, j[=oo]'rant, _adj._ taking an oath.--_n._ one who takes an oath.--_adj._ JU'RATORY, pertaining to an oath.

JURIDICAL, j[=oo]-rid'ik-al, _adj._ relating to the distribution of justice: pertaining to a judge: used in courts of law.--_adv._ JURID'ICALLY. [L. _juridicus_--_jus_, _juris_, law, _dicere_[typo: _dic[)e]re_], to declare.]

JURISCONSULT, j[=oo]-ris-kon'sult, _n._ one who is consulted on the law: a lawyer who gives opinions on cases put to him: a jurist. [L. _jus_, _juris_, law, _consultus_--_consultere_, to consult.]

JURISDICTION, j[=oo]-ris-dik'shun, _n._ the distribution of justice: legal authority: extent of power: district over which any authority extends.--_adjs._ JURISDIC'TIONAL, JURISDIC'TIVE. [Fr.,--L. _jurisdictio_.]

JURISPRUDENCE, j[=oo]-ris-pr[=oo]'dens, _n._ the science or knowledge of law.--_adj._ JURISPRU'DENT, learned in law.--_n._ one who is learned in law.--_adj._ JURISPRUDEN'TIAL.--MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, forensic medicine (see FORENSIC). [Fr.--L., _jurisprudentia_--_jus_, _juris_, law, _prudentia_, knowledge.]

JURIST, j[=oo]'rist, _n._ one who is versed in the science of law, esp. Roman or civil law: a civilian.--_adjs._ JURIST'IC, -AL.--_adv._ JURIST'ICALLY. [Fr. _juriste_.]

JURY, j[=oo]'ri, _n._ a body of not less than twelve men, selected and sworn, as prescribed by law, to declare the truth on evidence before them: a committee for deciding prizes at a public exhibition.--_ns._ JU'ROR, one who serves on a jury--also JU'RYMAN; JU'RY-BOX, the place in which the jury sit during a trial.--JURY OF MATRONS, a jury of 'discreet' women impanelled to try a question of pregnancy, as where a widow alleges herself to be with child by her late husband, or a woman sentenced to death, to stay execution, pleads that she is with child. [Fr. _juré_, sworn--_jurer_--L. _jur[=a]re_, to swear.]

JURYMAST, j[=oo]'ri-mäst, _n._ a temporary mast raised instead of one lost.--_adj._ JU'RY-RIGGED, rigged in a temporary way.--_n._ JU'RY-RUDD'ER, a temporary rudder for one lost. [Not _injury-mast_, but O. Fr. _ajurie_, aid--L. _adjut[=a]re_, to aid.]

JUS, jus, _n._ law right.--JUS CIVILE, the civil law; JUS DIVINUM, the divine right of kings; JUS GENTIUM, law of nations; JUS MARITI, the right of a husband; JUS NATURALE, the law of nature, the common sense of justice; JUS PRIMÆ NOCTIS, the alleged right of a feudal superior to deflower a young bride.

JUSSIVE, jus'iv, _adj._ expressing command.--_n._ a grammatical form or construction expressing commands.

JUST, just, _n._ a tilt. Same as JOUST.

JUST, just, _adv._ lawful: upright: exact: regular: true: righteous.--_adv._ precisely, almost exactly, very lately, (_coll._) quite, barely.--_adv._ JUST'LY, in a just manner: equitably: uprightly: accurately: by right.--_n._ JUST'NESS, equity: propriety: exactness. [Fr.,--L. _justus_--_jus_, law.]

JUSTICE, jus'tis, _n._ quality of being just: integrity: impartiality: desert: retribution: a judge: a magistrate.--_ns._ JUS'TICESHIP, office or dignity of a justice or judge; JUSTIC'IARY, JUSTIC'IAR, an administrator of justice: a chief-justice.--JUSTICE OF THE PEACE (abb. J.P.), an inferior magistrate; JUSTICES' JUSTICE, a term sarcastically applied to the kind of justice sometimes administered by the unpaid and amateur magistracy of England.--LORD CHIEF-JUSTICE, the chief judge of the King's (or Queen's) Bench Division of the High Court of Justice; LORD JUSTICE-CLERK, the Scottish judge ranking next to the Lord-Justice-general, presiding over the Outer House or Second Division of the Court of Session, vice-president of the High Court of Justiciary; LORD JUSTICE-GENERAL, the highest judge in Scotland, called also the Lord President of the Court of Session.--HIGH COURT OF JUSTICIARY, the supreme criminal court of justice in Scotland. [Fr.,--L. _justitia_.]

JUSTIFY, jus'ti-f[=i], _v.t._ to make just: to prove or show to be just or right: to vindicate: to absolve:--_pr.p._ jus'tifying; _pa.p._ jus'tified.--_adj._ JUSTIF[=I]'ABLE, that may be justified or defended.--_n._ JUSTIF[=I]'ABLENESS.--_adv._ JUSTIF[=I]'ABLY.--_n._ JUSTIFIC[=A]'TION, vindication: absolution: a plea of sufficient reason for.--_adjs._ JUS'TIFIC[=A]TIVE, JUS'TIFIC[=A]TORY, having power to justify.--_n._ JUS'TIFIER, one who defends, or vindicates: he who pardons and absolves from guilt and punishment.--JUSTIFICATION BY FAITH, the doctrine that men are justified by faith in Christ. [Fr.,--L. _justific[=a]re_--_justus_, just, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

JUSTLE, jus'l, _v.t._ Same as JOSTLE.

JUT, jut, _v.i._ to project:--_pr.p._ jut'ting; _pa.p._ jut'ted.--_adv._ JUT'TINGLY, projectingly.--_n._ JUT'-WIN'DOW, a projecting window. [A form of _jet_.]

JUTE, j[=oo]t, _n._ the fibre of an Indian plant resembling hemp, used in the manufacture of coarse bags, mats, &c. [Orissa _jhot_, Sans. _jhat_.]

JUTTY, jut'i, _n._ a projecting part of a building: a pier, a jetty.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ (_Shak._) to jut. [_Jut_.]

JUVENAL, j[=oo]'ve-nal, _n._ (_Shak._) a youth. [L.]

JUVENESCENT, j[=oo]-ven-es'ent, _adj._ becoming young.--_n._ JUVENESC'ENCE. [L. _juvenesc[)e]re_, to grow young.]

JUVENILE, j[=oo]'ve-n[=i]l, or -nil, _adj._ young: pertaining or suited to youth: puerile.--_n._ a young person: a book written for such: an actor who plays youthful parts.--_ns._ JU'VENILENESS, JUVENIL'ITY. [Fr.,--L. _juvenilis_--_juvenis_, young.]

JUXTAPOSITION, juks-ta-p[=o]-zish'un, _n._ a placing or being placed near: contiguity.--_v.t_. JUXTAPOSE', to place side by side. [L. _juxta_, near, and _position_.]

JYMOLD, j[=i]'mold, _adj._ (_Shak._). Same as GIMMAL.

* * * * *

K the eleventh letter in our alphabet, its sound that of the sharp guttural mute, formed by raising the tongue to the back of the palate: (_chem._) the symbol for potassium: (_math._) generally a constant coefficient: also a unit vector perpendicular to _i_ and _j_: as a medieval numeral, 250.

KAABA, kä'bä, or k[=a]'a-bä, _n._ Same as CAABA (q.v.).

KABALA, kab'a-la, _n._ Same as CABALA.

KABYLE, ka-b[=i]l', _n._ one of a branch of the great Berber race of North Africa: a dialect of Berber spoken by many of the Kabyles. [Fr.,--Ar. _Qab[=a]il_, pl. of _qab[=i]la_, a tribe.]

KADDISH, kad'ish, _n._ a Jewish form of thanksgiving and prayer, used at funerals, &c. [Heb.]

KADI, k[=a]'di, _n._ Same as CADI.

KAE, k[=a], _n._ (_Scot._) a jackdaw.--Also KA.

KAFFIYEH, kaf'i-ye, _n._ a small shawl worn about the head in Syria.

KAFILA, kaf'i-la, _n._ a camel train, caravan.

KAFIR, kaf'ir, _n._ one of a native race of SE. Africa.--KAFIR BREAD, the pith of a South African plant; KAFIR CORN, Indian millet. [Ar., unbeliever.]

KAFTAN. Same as CAFTAN.

KAGO, kag'[=o], _n._ a Japanese basket with palanquin slung from a pole and carried by men.

KAIAK. Same as KAYAK.

KAIF, k[=i]f, _n._ undisturbed quiescence. [Ar.]

KAIL, k[=a]l, _n._ a ninepin. [Cf. Dut. and Ger. _kegel_.]

KAIL. See KALE.

KAIMAKAM, k[=i]-ma-kam', _n._ a lieutenant-colonel in the Turkish army: the administrator of a subdivision of a vilayet.

KAIN, k[=a]n, _n._ in old Scots law, rent paid in kind, e.g. in poultry, to a landlord.

KAINITE, k[=i]'n[=i]t, _n._ a hydrated compound of the chlorides and sulphates of magnesium and potassium, used as a fertiliser. [Gr. _kainos_, new.]

KAINOZOIC. Same as CAINOZOIC.

KAISER, k[=i]'z[.e]r, _n._ an emperor, esp. of Germany and Austria.--_n._ KAI'SERSHIP. [Ger.,--L. _Cæsar_.]

KAKA, kä'ka, _n._ a New Zealand parrot.--_n._ KA'KAPO, a nocturnal flightless New Zealand parrot.

KAKEMONO, kak-e-m[=o]'n[=o], _n._ a Japanese wall-picture or decoration, painted on silk, gauze, or paper, and mounted on cylindrical rods.

KAKI, kä'k[=e], _n._ the persimmon of Japan, or Chinese date.

KAKISTOCRACY, kak-is-tok'r[=a]-si, _n._ government by the worst men in the state. [Gr. _kakistos_, superl. of _kakos_, bad, _kratia_, rule.]

KAKODYL. See CACODYL.

KALA, kä'la, _n._ time: destiny.--KÂLA CHAKRA, the wheel of time. [Sans.]

KALAMDAN, kal'am-dan, _n._ a Persian writing-case, with compartments for ink, reed-pens, knife, &c.

KALAMKARI, kal-am-kar'i, _n._ a method of colouring and decorating by several dyeings or printings, also a chintz so treated. [Pers.]

KALE, KAIL, k[=a]l, _n._ a cabbage with open curled leaves, cabbage generally: broth of which kale is a chief ingredient.--_ns._ KAIL'YARD, a kitchen-garden; KALE'-RUNT, a cabbage-stem.--KAILYARD-SCHOOL, a group of writers of stories of humble Scotch country life--S. R. Crockett, Ian Maclaren, &c. [_Cole._]

KALEIDOPHONE, ka-l[=i]'do-f[=o]n, _n._ an instrument consisting of a rod or thin plate with a knob at the end, for showing the curves corresponding with the musical notes produced by the vibrations. [Gr. _kalos_, beautiful, _eidos_, form, _ph[=o]n[=e]_, sound.]

KALEIDOSCOPE, ka-l[=i]'do-sk[=o]p, _n._ an optical toy in which we see an endless variety of beautiful colours and forms.--_adj._ KALEIDOSCOP'IC. [Gr. _kalos_, beautiful, _eidos_, form, _skopein_, to see.]

KALENDAR, KALENDS=CALENDAR, CALENDS.

KALEVALA, kal-e-vä'lä, _n._ the great Finnish epic, written in eight-syllabled trochaic verse (from which Longfellow's _Hiawatha_ is imitated), taken down from the lips of the peasantry and pieced together by Dr. Lönnrot of Helsingfors in 1835, in extended form (22,793 verses) in 1849. [Finnish, _kaleva_, a hero, _-la_, denoting place.]

KALI, kal'i, or k[=a]'l[=i], _n._ the prickly saltwort or glasswort.--_adj._ KALIG'ENOUS, producing alkalies.--_n._ K[=A]'LIUM, potassium.

KALI, kä'l[=e], _n._ a carpet with long nap, also the large carpet covering the centre of a Persian room.

KALI, kä'l[=e], _n._ a Hindu goddess, wife of Siva, the dark goddess of destruction--called also _Durga_.

KALIF, k[=a]'lif, _n._ Same as CALIF.

KALIYUGA, kal-i-y[=oo]'ga, _n._ in Hindu mythology, the present age of the world, the fourth, characterised by universal degeneracy.

KALMIA, kal'mi-ä, _n._ a genus of North American evergreen shrubs, including the American mountain laurel. [From Peter _Kalm_, pupil of Linnæus.]

KALMUCK, kal'muk, _n._ a member of a Mongolian race.--Also CAL'MUCK. [Russ.]

KALOLOGY, kal-ol'o-ji, _n._ the science of beauty in itself considered. [Gr. _kalos_, beautiful, _logia_, discourse.]

KALONG, ka-long', _n._ a general name of the large fruit-bats, flying foxes, &c.

KALOTYPE. Same as CALOTYPE.

KALPA, kal'pa, _n._ a day of Brahma, a period of 4320 million years.--Also CAL'PA. [Sans., 'formation.']

KALPIS, kal'pis, _n._ a three-handled water-vase. [Gr.]

KALSOMINE, an incorrect form of _calcimine_, which see under CALCIUM.

KALYPTRA, ka-lip'tra, _n._ a thin veil worn by Greek women over the hair.

KAM, käm, _adj._ (_Shak._) crooked.

KAMA, kä'ma, _n._ the god of love in the Purânas: impure desire.--Also CAMA, KA'MADEVA.

KAMERA, kam'[.e]-ra, _n._ a room. See CAMERA.

KAMES, k[=a]mz, _n.pl._ (_geol._) banks and ridges of gravel, sand, &c., associated with the glacial deposits of Scotland--the same as _åsar_ (q.v.) and _eskar_.

KAMI, kä'mi, _n._ a Japanese term for a lord, for any of the national gods, demi-gods, or deified heroes, or any of their supposed descendants, as the mikados and the imperial family. [Japanese, 'superior.']

KAMICHI, kam'i-chi, _n._ the horned screamer.

KAMILA, KAMELA, ka-m[=e]'la, _n._ an East Indian orange dye-stuff yielded by a common Madras tree of the spurge family.

KAMIS, KAMEES, ka-m[=e]s', _n._ the long loose sleeved shirt worn by men in Mohammedan countries.

KAMPONG, kam-pong', _n._ an enclosed space. [Malay.]

KAMPTULICON, kamp-t[=u]'li-kon, _n._ a ground cork and caoutchouc floorcloth. [Gr. _kamptein_, to bend.]

KAMSIN. See KHAMSIN.

KANA, kä'na, _n._ Japanese writing, as distinguished from Japanese written in Chinese characters.

KANAKA, ka-nak'a, _n._ a Hawaiian or Sandwich Islander: one of the native labourers brought from the Pacific islands, on engagement for a certain fixed number of years, to Australia, &c. [Hawaiian, 'a man.']

KANEH, kä'ne, _n._ a Hebrew measure of 6 cubits length.--Also C[=A]'NEH.

KANG, kang, _n._ a large Chinese water-jar: an oven-like brick structure in northern China, for sleeping on at night, a fire being lighted underneath.

KANGAROO, kang-gar-[=oo]', _n._ a large marsupial mammal of Australia, with very long hind-legs and great power of leaping.--_n._ KANGAROO'-GRASS, a valuable Australian fodder grass.

KANS, kanz, _n._ a common Indian grass, allied to the sugar-cane.

KANTEN, kan'ten, _n._ a gelatinous substance extracted from seaweeds, used for soups and for sizing. [Jap.]

KANTIAN, kan'shi-an, _adj._ pertaining to the doctrines of, or belonging to, the great German philosopher, Immanuel _Kant_ (1724-1804).--_ns._ KAN'TIANISM, KANT'ISM, the doctrines or philosophy of Kant; KANT'IST, a disciple or follower of Kant.

KANTIKOY, CANTICOY, kan'ti-koi, _n._ a religious dance among American Indians, a dancing-match.--_v.i._ to dance as an act of worship.

KANUCK, ka-nuk', _n._ (_U.S._) a Canadian.--Also CANUCK'. [Ind.]

KAOLIN, kä'o-lin, _n._ same as CHINA CLAY. [From the mountain _Kao-ling_ ('high ridge') in China.]

KAPELLMEISTER, kä-pel'm[=i]s-ter, _n._ the director of an orchestra or choir, esp. the band of a ruling prince in Germany. [Ger. _kapelle_, chapel, orchestra, _meister_, master.]

KAPNOGRAPHY, kap-nog'ra-fi, _n._ the art of producing decorative designs on a smoked surface with a fine point, shading by successive deposits of carbon from a flame, fixed by varnish.--_adj._ KAPNOGRAPH'IC. [Gr. _kapnos_, smoke, _graphia_--_graphein_, to write.]

KAPOK, ka-pok', _n._ a cottony or silky fibre covering the seeds of a species of silk-cotton tree, used for stuffing pillows, &c.

KARAITE, k[=a]'rä-[=i]t, _n._ one of a stricter sect of Jews who cling to the literal interpretation of Scripture as against oral tradition. [Heb. _kara[=i]m_, readers.]

KARMA, kär'mä, _n._ the Buddhist conception of the quality of actions, including both merit and demerit, determining the future condition of all sentient beings by a sort of virtue inherent in the nature of things--by the blind and unconscious but inevitable concatenation of cause and effect: the theory of inevitable consequence generally: the result of the actions of a life.--_adj._ KAR'MIC. [Sans. _karma_, work.]

KARMATHIAN, kär-m[=a]'thi-an, _n._ a member of a pantheistic socialistic Mohammedan sect which arose in Turkey about the close of the 9th century. [_Karmat_, its founder.]

KAROB, kar'ob, _n._ among goldsmiths, the twenty-fourth part of a grain.

KARROO, ka-r[=oo]', _n._ a generic name given to the high barren plains of Cape Colony.--Also KAROO'. [Hottentot, _karusa_, hard.]

KASSU, kas'[=oo], _n._ a kind of catechu made from the fruit of the betel-nut palm.

KAT, kat, _n._ the chief ancient Egyptian unit of weight, 1/50 lb. avoirdupois.

KATABOLISM, kat-ab'ol-izm, _n._ (_biol._) the discharging or disruptive process to which protoplasm is constantly subject--the opposite of _Anabolism_, the up-building, constructive process.--Also CATAB'OLISM. [Gr. _katabol[=e]_, _kataballein_, to throw down.]

KATAKANA, kat-a-kä'na, _n._ one of the two styles of writing the syllabary of 48 letters in use among the Japanese (the other being _Hiragana_), used chiefly for proper names and foreign words.

KATYDID, k[=a]-ti-did', _n._ an American insect akin to the grasshopper. [Imit. of its note.]

KAURI-PINE, kow'ri-p[=i]n, _n._ a splendid forest-tree of New Zealand, yielding the well-known KAU'RI-GUM, a resin used in making varnish.

KAVA, kä'va, _n._ _Piper methysticum_, also the narcotic drink prepared from it.--Also A'VA.

KAVASS, ka-vas', _n._ an armed man attendant on a person of distinction in Turkey.--Also CAVASS'. [Turk. _qawas_.]

KAW. Same as CAW.

KAY. Same as CAY.

KAYAK, ka'yak, _n._ a canoe used in Greenland, made of seal-skins stretched on a frame.

KEA, k[=e]'ä, _n._ a New Zealand parrot that kills sheep.

KEB, keb, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to cast a lamb prematurely.--_n._ a ewe which has cast its lamb: a sheep louse or tick.

KEBBIE, keb'i, _n._ (_Scot._) a cudgel.

KEBBOCK, keb'uk. _n._ (_Scot._) a cheese.--Also KEBB'UCK. [Gael. _cabag_, a cheese.]

KEBLAH. See KIBLAH.

KECK, kek, _v.i._ to retch, feel loathing.--_n._ a retching.

KECK, KECKSY. See KEX.

KECKLE, kek'l, _v.t._ to preserve or protect by binding with old rope or chains, as a cable:--_pr.p._ keck'ling; _pa.p._ keck'led.--_n._ KECK'LING, rope, chains, &c. used to keckle cables or hawsers.

KEDGE, kej, _n._ a small anchor for keeping a ship steady, and for warping the ship.--_v.t._ to move by means of a kedge, to warp.--_n._ KEDG'ER, a kedge. [Scand.; cf. Sw. prov. _keka_, to drive slowly.]

KEDGE, kej, _adj._ (_prov._) brisk, lively: pot-bellied.--Also KEDG'Y, KIDGE.

KEDJEREE, kej'e-r[=e], _n._ a mess of rice, cooked with butter and the dholl pea, flavoured with spice, shred onion, &c., common all over India, and often served at Anglo-Indian breakfast-tables. [Hind. _khichr[=i]_.]

KEECH, k[=e]ch, _n._ (_Shak._) a lump of fat. [_Cake_.]

KEEK, k[=e]k, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to peep.--_n._ a peep.--_ns._ KEEK'ER, an inspector of mining; KEEK'ING-GLASS, a mirror. [M. E. _kyken_; cf. Dut. _kijken_, Ger. _kucken_.]

KEEL, k[=e]l, _n._ the part of a ship extending along the bottom from stem to stern, and supporting the whole frame: a low flat-bottomed boat: a Tyne coal-barge: a ship generally: (_bot._) the lowest petals of the corolla of a papilionaceous flower.--_v.t._ or _v.i._ to plough with a keel, to navigate: to turn keel upwards.--_n._ KEEL'AGE, dues for a keel or ship in port.--_adj._ KEELED (_bot._) keel-shaped: having a prominence on the back.--_ns._ KEEL'ER, KEEL'MAN, one who works on a barge.--_v.t._ KEEL'HAUL, to punish by hauling under the keel of a ship by ropes from the one side to the other: to treat a subordinate in a galling manner. [A.S. _ceól_, a ship; Ger. and Dut. _kiel_; prob. confused with Ice. _kiölr_, a keel.]

KEEL, k[=e]l, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to cool. [A.S. _célan_, to chill.]

KEEL, k[=e]l, _n._ (_Scot._) red chalk, ruddle.--_v.t._ to mark with ruddle. [Prob. Gael. _cil_, ruddle.]

KEELIE, k[=e]'li, _n._ (_Scot._) the kestrel: a street Arab or young rough. [Imit.]

KEELING, k[=e]'ling, _n._ (_Scot._) a codfish.

KEELIVINE, k[=e]'li-v[=i]n, _n._ (_Scot._) a lead pencil.--Also KEE'LYVINE. [See _keel_, ruddle; ety. dub.]

KEELSON, KELSON, kel'sun, _n._ an inner keel placed right over the outer keel of a ship, and securely fastened thereto. [Sw. _kölsvin_, Norw. _kjölsvill_, the latter syllable=Ger. _schwelle_, Eng. _sill_.]

KEEN, k[=e]n, _adj._ eager: sharp, having a fine edge: piercing: acute of mind: penetrating: intense.--_adv._ KEEN'LY.--_n._ KEEN'NESS. [A.S. _céne_; Ger. _kühn_, bold; Ice. _kænn_, wise. Cog. with _ken_ and _can_.]

KEEN, k[=e]n, _n._ a lamentation over the dead.--_v.i._ to wail over the dead.--_n._ KEEN'ER, a professional mourner. [Ir. _caoine_.]

KEEP, k[=e]p, _v.t._ to have the care of: to guard: to maintain: to manage: to have in one's service: to hold for one's own use or enjoyment: to remain in: to adhere to: to practise: not to lose: to maintain hold upon: to restrain from departure: to preserve in a certain state: to maintain: to fulfill.--_v.i._ to remain in any position or state: to remain fresh: to last or endure: to continue: to adhere: to have rooms at college (Cambridge):---_pr.p._ keep'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ kept.--_n._ that which keeps or protects: subsistence: food: the innermost and strongest part of a castle, the donjon: a stronghold.--_ns._ KEEP'ER, an attendant, manager, owner: a gamekeeper: socket, guard-ring; KEEP'ERSHIP, office of a keeper; KEEP'ING, care: custody: charge: (_Shak._) maintenance, support: just proportion, harmony: (_paint._) due proportion of light and shade; KEEP'ING-ROOM, a sitting-room, parlour; KEEP'SAKE, something given to be kept for the sake of the giver--the name used often to be applied to the annuals or sumptuous gift-books so much in vogue about 1830.--KEEP AN ACT, to hold an academical disputation; KEEP AN EYE ON, KEEP COMPANY, CHAPEL, COUNSEL, DISTANCE, HOURS, HOUSE, THE PEACE, &c. (see the nouns); KEEP A TERM (see TERM); KEEP AT IT, to persist in anything; KEEP BACK, to withhold: keep down, to repress (see also DARK); KEEP BODY AND SOUL TOGETHER, to maintain life; KEEP DOWN, to restrain; KEEP FROM, to abstain from: to remain away from; KEEP GOING IN a thing, to keep one supplied with it; KEEP IN, to prevent from escaping: to confine a pupil in the schoolroom after school hours: to conceal: to restrain; KEEP IN WITH, to maintain the confidence or friendship of some one; KEEP OFF, to hinder from approaching or making an attack; KEEP ONE'S COUNTENANCE, to preserve a calm appearance, hiding one's emotions; KEEP ONE'S HAND IN, to retain one's skill by means of constant practice; KEEP THE BREATH TO COOL ONE'S PORRIDGE, to confine attention to one's own affairs; KEEP THE POWDER DRY, to keep one's energies ready for action; KEEP TO, to stick closely to: to confine one's self to; KEEP UNDER, to hold down in restraint; KEEP UP, to retain one's strength or spirit: to support, prevent from falling: to continue, to prevent from ceasing: to maintain in good condition. [A.S. _cépan_, orig. to traffic, hence to store up, keep--_ceáp_, price.]

KEEVE, k[=e]v, _n._ a large tub. [A.S. _cýfe_, vat.]

KEG, keg, _n._ a small cask or barrel. [Ice. _kaggi_.]

KEIR, k[=e]r, _n._ a bleaching-vat.

KELK, kelk, _v.t._ (_prov._) to beat.--_n._ a blow.

KELL, kel, _n._ (_prov._) a film, network.

KELP, kelp, _n._ the calcined ashes of seaweed, once used in making glass.--Also KILP. [Ety. unknown.]

KELPIE, KELPY, kel'pi, _n._ (_Scot._) a malignant water-sprite haunting fords in the form of a horse.

KELSON. Same as KEELSON.

KELT, kelt, _n._ a salmon that has just spawned.

KELT, kelt, _n._ (_Scot._) cloth made of black and white wool mixed and not dyed.--_adj._ KEL'TER, made of such.

KELT, KELTIC. Same as CELT, CELTIC.

KELTIE, KELTY, kel'ti, _n._ (_Scot._) a bumper imposed as a penalty on one who does not drink fair.

KEMB, kem, _v.t._ to comb. [A.S. _cemban_, to comb.]

KEMP, kemp, _n._ the coarse rough hairs of wool: (_pl._) knotty hair which will not felt.

KEMP, kemp, _n._ (_arch._) a champion: (_Scot._) a contest in work, &c.--_v.i._ to strive for mastery.--_ns._ KEM'PER, KEM'PERY-MAN, a champion, a knight-errant. [A.S. _cempa_, a warrior. Cf. _champion_.]

KEN, ken, _v.t._ to know: (_arch._) to see and recognise at a distance.--_n._ range of knowledge or sight.--_n._ KEN'NING (_Bacon_), range of vision: (_Scot._) a small portion.--_adj._ KEN'SPECKLE (_Scot._), conspicuous--also KEN'SPECK. [Ice. _kenna_, orig. to cause to know. Cf. _can_ and _know_.]

KEN, ken, _n._ (_slang_) a house. [Perh. Pers. _kh[=a]n_, a caravansary; not conn. with _kennel_.]

KENDAL-GREEN, ken'dal-gr[=e]n, _n._ green cloth for foresters made at _Kendal_ in Westmorland.

KENNEL, ken'el, _n._ a house for dogs: a pack of hounds: the hole of a fox, &c.: a haunt.--_v.t._ to keep in a kennel.--_v.i._ to live in a kennel:--_pr.p._ kenn'elling; _pa.p._ kenn'elled. [Norm. Fr. _kenil_ (Fr. _chenil_)--L. _can[=i]le_--_canis_, a dog.]

KENNEL, ken'el, _n._ the water-course of a street: a gutter. [A form of _canal_.]

KENNEL-COAL. Same as CANNEL-COAL.

KENNICK, ken'ik, _n._ the jargon of tramping tinkers.

KENOSIS, ken-[=o]'sis, _n._ the self-limitation on the part of the Logos in the act of incarnation, his emptying of himself, or his laying aside not only his divine attributes, but even his divine self-consciousness, only to be fully recovered at the ascension.--_adj._ KENOT'IC.--_n._ KENOT'ICIST. [Gr., from the phrase in Phil. ii. 6, 7, 'who, being in the form of God ... _emptied himself_ ([Greek: heauton ekenôse]), taking the form of a servant.']

KENT, kent, _n._ (_Scot._) a pole, pike.--_v.i._ to propel a boat by a pole. [Prob. a variant of the verb _cant_.]

KENTISH, kent'ish, _adj._ pertaining to _Kent_.--_ns._ KENT'ISH-FIRE, rounds of noisy applause at political meetings--from the anti-Catholic demonstrations in _Kent_, 1828-29; KENT'ISH-RAG, a rough fossiliferous limestone found in _Kent_.

KENTLEDGE, kent'lej, _n._ pig-iron laid in a ship's hold for ballast.--Also KINT'LEDGE.

KEP, kep, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to catch. [_Keep_.]

KEPHALIC. Same as CEPHALIC.

KEPI, kep'i, _n._ a flat-topped forage-cap with a straight peak. [Fr. _képi_.]

KEPLERIAN, kep-l[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to the great German astronomer, Johann _Kepler_ (1571-1630).--For KEPLER'S LAWS, see LAW.

KEPT, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _keep_.

KERAMIC. Same as CERAMIC.

KERASINE, ker'a-sin, _adj._ like or made of horn.--_ns._ KERAT[=I]'ASIS, a morbid condition characterised by warty or horny growths; KER'ATIN, a nitrogenous compound, the essential ingredient of horny tissue, as of horns, nails, &c. [Gr. _keras_, a horn.]

KERATITIS, ker-a-t[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of the cornea, either acute or chronic.--_n._ KERATAL'GIA, pain in the cornea.

KERBSTONE, k[.e]rb'st[=o]n, _n._ a form of curbstone.

KERCHIEF, k[.e]r'chif, _n._ any loose cloth used in dress: (_orig._) a square piece of cloth worn by women to cover the head.--_v.t._ to cover or dress with a kerchief.--_adjs._ KER'CHIEFED, KER'CHIEFT. [M. E. _couerchef_--O. Fr. _covrechef_ (Fr. _couvrechef_)--_covrir_, to cover, _chef_, the head.]

KERF, kerf, _n._ the groove made by a saw: wool cut off at once by a wool-shearing machine: a single layer of hay, turf, &c., cut.

KERION, k[=e]'ri-on, _n._ a suppurative inflammation of the hair-follicles of the scalp. [Gr.]

KERITE, k[=e]'r[=i]t, _n._ a kind of artificial vulcanite of india-rubber and animal or vegetable oil. [Gr. _k[=e]ros_, wax.]

KERMES, k[.e]r'm[=e]z, _n._ a dye-stuff which consists of the bodies of the females of a species of coccus. [Pers.]

KERMESS, k[.e]r'mes, _n._ a wake or fair in the Low Countries. [Dut. _kermis_--_kerk_, church, _mis_, mass.]

KERN. See QUERN.

KERN, k[.e]rn _n._ (_Scot._) the last sheaf of the harvest: a harvest-home--also KIRN.--_n._ KERN'-B[=A]'BY, an image decorated with blades of corn, &c., carried before reapers at their harvest-home. [A variant of _corn_.]

KERN, KERNE, k[.e]rn, _n._ an Irish foot-soldier: a boor.--_adj._ KERN'ISH, clownish. [Ir. _ceatharnach_.]

KERN, k[.e]rn, _v.i._ to granulate.

KERN, k[.e]rn, _n._ (_print._) that part of a type which overhangs the stem or shank.

KERNEL, k[.e]r'nel, _n._ anything in a husk or shell: the substance in the shell of a nut: the seed of a pulpy fruit: the important part of anything.--_adj._ KER'NELLY, full of, or resembling, kernels. [A.S. _cyrnel_--_corn_, grain, and dim. suffix _-el_; Ger. _kern_, a grain.]

KEROSENE, ker'o-s[=e]n, _n._ an oil obtained from bituminous coal, used for lamps, &c. [Gr. _k[=e]ros_, wax.]

KERSEY, k[.e]r'zi, _n._ a coarse woollen cloth. [Perh. from _Kersey_ in Suffolk.]

KERSEYMERE, k[.e]r'zi-m[=e]r or k[.e]r-zi-m[.e]r', _n._ twilled cloth of the finest wools. [A corr. of _cassimere_, _cashmere_.]

KERVE, k[.e]rv, _v.t._ (_Spens._) a form of carve.

KESAR, k[=e]'zar, _n._ Same as KAISER.

KESTREL, kes'trel, _n._ a small species of falcon. [O. Fr. _quercerelle_--L. _querquedula_.]

KET, ket, _n._ (_Scot._) carrion. [Ice. _kjöt_.]

KET, ket, _n._ matted wool. [Scot.]

KETCH, kech, _n._ a small two-masted vessel, generally used as a yacht or a bomb-vessel. [Corr. from Turk. _qaíq_, a boat, whence Fr. _caïque_.]

KETCHUP, kech'up, _n._ a sauce for flavouring soups, meats, &c., flavoured with mushrooms, tomatoes, &c.--Also CATCH'UP, CAT'SUP. [East Ind. _kitjap_.]

KETTLE, ket'l, _n._ a vessel of metal, for heating or boiling liquids: a cavity like a kettle in rock, sand, &c.: (_Shak._) kettle-drum.--_ns._ KETT'LE-DRUM, a musical instrument now used chiefly in orchestras and in cavalry bands, consisting of a hollow brass hemisphere with a parchment head, sounded by soft-headed elastic drumsticks: a tea-party; KETT'LE-DRUM'MER; KETT'LE-HOLD'ER, a little mat, &c., for holding a kettle when hot.--_n.pl._ KETT'LE-PINS, skittle-pins.--A KETTLE OF FISH, or A PRETTY KETTLE OF FISH, a task of great difficulty, an awkward mess--most probably in this sense connected with _kiddle_. [A.S. _cetel_; Ger. _kessel_, Goth. _katils_; all perh. from L. _catillus_, dim. of _catinus_, a deep cooking-vessel.]

KEX, keks, _n._ the dry stalk of the hemlock or other umbelliferous plants.--Also KECKS, KECK'SY (prop. _adj._), and KECK.

KEY, k[=e], _n._ an instrument for shutting or opening a lock: that by which something is screwed or turned: the middle stone of an arch: a piece of wood let into another piece crosswise to prevent warping: (_mus._) one of the small levers in musical instruments for producing notes: the fundamental note of a piece of music: that which explains a mystery: a book containing answers to exercises, &c.--_ns._ KEY'BOARD, the keys or levers in a piano or organ arranged along a flat board; KEY'-B[=U]'GLE, a bugle with keys, having a compass of two octaves including semitones.--_adjs._ KEY'-COLD (_Shak._), cold as a key, lifeless; KEYED, furnished with keys, as a musical instrument: set to a particular key, as a tune.--_ns._ KEY'HOLE, the hole in which a key of a door, &c., is inserted; KEY'NOTE, the key or fundamental note of a piece of music; any central principle or controlling thought; KEY'-PIN, the pivot on which a pipe-key turns: a pin serving as fulcrum for a key of an organ, &c.; KEY'-PLATE, the escutcheon around a keyhole; KEY'RING, a ring for holding a bunch of keys; KEY'-SEAT, a groove for receiving a key, to prevent one piece of machinery from turning on another; KEY'STONE, the stone at the apex of an arch: the chief element in any system.--HAVE THE KEY OF THE STREET (_coll._), to be locked out: to be homeless; POWER OF THE KEYS, the power to loose and bind, to administer ecclesiastical discipline--a special authority conferred by Christ on Peter (Matt. xvi. 19), or Peter in conjunction with the other apostles, and claimed by the popes as the alleged successors to St Peter. Others explain it as belonging only to the apostles themselves, as descending to the bishops and clergy of the Christian Church, or as belonging to all Christ's disciples alike. [A.S. _cæg_, a key.]

KEY, k[=e], _n._ (_Dryden_). Same as QUAY.

KEY, k[=e], _n._ a low island near the coast.--Also CAY.

KEYS, k[=e]z, _n.pl._ a contraction of HOUSE OF KEYS, a house of 24 representatives constituting the lower branch of the Legislature (Court of Tynwald) of the Isle of Man, self-elective down to 1866. [Manx _kiare-as-feed_, four-and-twenty.]

KHAKI, kä'ki, _adj._ dust-coloured.--_n._ a light drab cloth used for some East Indian and other uniforms.

KHALIF. See CALIF.

KHAMSIN, kam'sin, _n._ a hot south-west wind in Egypt, blowing for about fifty days from about the middle of March. [Ar.]

KHAN, kan, _n._ an Eastern inn, a caravansary. [Turk.,--Pers. _kh[=a]na_, a house, a tent.]

KHAN, kan, _n._ in North Asia, a prince or chief: in Persia, a governor.--_n._ KHAN'ATE, the dominion or jurisdiction of a khan. [Pers. _kh[=a]n_, lord or prince, a Tartar word.]

KHEDIVE, ked-[=e]v', _n._ the title since 1867 of the viceroy or ruler of Egypt.--_n._ KHEDI'VIATE, the office of the khedive, or his territory. [Fr.,--Pers. _khad[=i]w_, prince.]

KHEL, kel, _n._ in Afghanistan, a clan or family connection--a sociological group between the tribe and the family.

KHITMUTGAR, kit'mut-gar, _n._ a table-servant, under-butler. [Hind.]

KHUTBAH, kut'ba, _n._ a Mohammedan prayer and sermon delivered in the mosques on Fridays.--Also KHOT'BAH.

KIAUGH, ky[=o]h, _n._ (_Scot._) care, trouble.

KIBBLE, kib'l, _n._ the bucket of a draw-well.--_n._ KIBB'LE-CHAIN, the chain for drawing up a bucket.

KIBE, k[=i]b, _n._ a chilblain. [W. _cibwst_, from _cib_, a cup, _gwst_, a disease.]

KIBITKA, ki-bit'ka, _n._ a Russian wagon. [Russ.]

KIBLAH, kib'la, _n._ the point toward which Mohammedans turn in prayer.--Also KEB'LAH.

KICK, kik, _v.t._ to hit with the foot.--_v.i._ to thrust out the foot with violence: to show opposition or resistance: (of a gun) to recoil violently (see also BULLET): (_print._) to work a press by impact of the foot on a treadle.--_n._ a blow with the foot: the turn of kicking the ball at football, the person who kicks or kicks off: the recoil of a gun: (_slang_) fashion.--_adj._ KICK'ABLE.--_ns._ KICK'ER, one who kicks, esp. a horse; KICK'-OFF, the first kick in a game of football; KICK'-UP, a disturbance.--KICK OVER THE TRACES, to throw off control; KICK, or STRIKE, THE BEAM, to rise, as the lighter scale of a balance, so as to strike against the beam--hence to be of little weight or importance; KICK THE BUCKET (see BUCKET); KICK UP A DUST or ROW, to create a disturbance.--DROP KICK, a kick made as the ball, dropped from the hand, rebounds from the ground; PLACE KICK, a kick made when the ball is lying on the ground. [M. E. _kiken_--W. _cicio_, to kick, Gael. _ceig_.]

KICKSHAWS, kik'shawz, _n._ something uncommon or fantastical that has no name: (_cook._) a fantastical dish. [Corr. of Fr. _quelque chose_, something.]

KICKSY-WICKSY, kik'si-wik'si, _adj._ flickering, uncertain.--_n._ (_Shak._) a wife.

KID, kid, _n._ a young goat: (_slang_) a child, esp. a boy: (_pl._) gloves of kid leather.--_adj._ made of kid leather or imitation kid leather.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to bring forth a goat:--_pr.p._ kid'ding; _pa.p._ kid'ded.--_ns._ KID'-FOX (_Shak._), a young fox; KID'LING, a young kid. [Dan. _kid_; cf. Ice. _kidh_; Ger. _kitze_, a young goat.]

KID, kid, _n._ a small tub.--Also KIT.

KID, kid, _n._ a fagot, a bundle of sticks. [Prob. W. _cidys_, fagots.]

KID, kid, _v.t._ and _v.i._ (_slang_) to hoax--also KID'DY.--_n._ a deception. [Perh. conn. with _kid_, a child.]

KIDDER, kid'er, _n._ a forestaller, huckster.

KIDDERMINSTER, kid'[.e]r-min-st[.e]r, _n._ a kind of carpet (_two-ply_ or _ingrain carpet_), from the town.

KIDDLE, kid'l, _n._ a stake-fence set in a stream for catching fish.--Also KID'EL, KETT'LE. [O. Fr. _quidel_; prob. Bret. _kidel_.]

KIDNAP, kid'nap, _v.t._ to steal, as a human being:--_pr.p._ kid'napping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ kid'napped.--_n._ KID'NAPPER. [Vulgar _kid_ (old thieves' cant, _kinchin_--Ger. _kindchen_), a child, and vulgar _nab_, to steal.]

KIDNEY, kid'ni, _n._ one of two flattened glands, on each side of the loins, which secrete the urine: temperament, humour, disposition--hence, sort or kind, as in 'of the same kidney,' &c.--_ns._ KID'NEY-BEAN, a kind of bean shaped like a kidney; KID'NEY-POT[=A]'TO, one of various kidney-shaped varieties of the common potato; KID'NEY-VETCH, a genus of leguminous plants, the only British species being called Lady's Fingers; KID'NEY-WORT, a plant of the genus Saxifrage. [M. E. _kidnere_--Ice. _kviðr_, the womb, the belly, Ice. _nýra_ (Ger. _niere_, a kidney).]

KIE-KIE, k[=i]'k[=i], _n._ a New Zealand high-climbing shrub.

KIESELGUHR, k[=e]'zl-g[=u]r, _n._ the mineral remains of a species of algæ, used in the manufacture of dynamite. [Ger.,--_kiesel_, flint, _guhr_, fermentation.]

KIKUMON, kik'[=oo]-mon, _n._ a badge or crest of the imperial family of Japan, consisting of an open chrysanthemum flower.

KILDERKIN, kil'd[.e]r-kin, _n._ a small barrel: a liquid measure of 18 gallons. [Old Dut. _kindeken_, _kinneken_ (Scot. _kinken_), dim. of Dut. _kind_, a child.]

KILERG, kil'erg, _n._ a thousand ergs.

KILEY, k[=i]'le, _n._ a boomerang.--Also KY'LEY.

KILL, kil, _v.t._ to put to death, to slay: to nullify or neutralise, to weaken or dilute, to render inactive: to reject, discard: to fascinate, overcome.--_n._ the act of killing, as game.--_ns._ KILL'-COURT'ESY (_Shak._), a discourteous, boorish person; KILL'-CROP, a changeling; KILL'ER, one who kills, a slaughterer or butcher: a club for killing fish: a ferocious delphinid which sometimes attacks the whale.--_p.adj._ KILL'ING, depriving of life: destructive: deadly, irresistible: completely fascinating.--_n._ and _adj._ KILL'JOY, a mar-sport, austere.--KILL BY INCHES, by gradual means, as by torture; KILL OFF, to exterminate; KILL TIME, to consume spare time, as with amusements, &c.; KILL TWO BIRDS WITH ONE STONE, to effect one thing by the way, or by the same means with which another thing is done; KILL UP (_Shak._), to exterminate.--KILLING TIMES, the days of the persecution of the Covenanters.--DO A THING TO KILL, in an irresistible manner. [M. E. _killen_ or _cullen_--Ice. _kolla_, to hit on the head--_kollr_, the head; not a doublet of _quell_.]

KILLADAR, kil'a-dar, _n._ the commandant of a fort or garrison. [Hind.]

KILLAS, kil'as, _n._ clay slate, in Cornwall.

KILLDEE, kil'd[=e], _n._ the largest variety of North American ring-plover. [Imit.]

KILLOCK, kil'ok, _n._ a small anchor, the fluke of such.

KILLOGIE, ki-l[=o]'gi, _n._ (_Scot._) the furnace of a kiln.

KILLUT, kil'ut, _n._ in India, a robe of honour given: any ceremonial present.--Also KELL'AUT.

KILMARNOCK, kil-mar'nok, _n._ a kind of closely woven broad bonnet, having a peak of the same material at the top, originally made at _Kilmarnock_.--KILMARNOCK COWL, a kind of nightcap.

KILN, kil, _n._ a large oven in which corn, bricks, hops, &c. are dried: bricks placed for burning.--_v.t._ KILN'-DRY, to dry in a kiln.--_n._ KILN'-HOLE, the mouth of a kiln. [A.S. _cyln_ (Ice. _kylna_, a drying-house for corn)--L. _culina_, a kitchen.]

KILOGRAMME, kil'o-gram, _n._ a French measure of weight, equal to 1000 grammes, or 2-1/5 lb. avoirdupois. [Gr. _chilioi_, 1000, _gramma_, a weight.]

KILOLITRE, kil'o-l[=e]-tr, _n._ 1000 litres.

KILOMETRE, kil'o-m[=e]-tr, _n._ a French measure, being 1000 metres, or nearly 5/8 of a mile. [Fr.,--Gr. _chilioi_, 1000, _metron_, a measure.]

KILT, kilt, _n._ a kind of short petticoat or plaited skirt, forming part of the Highland dress.--_v.t._ (_Scot._) to truss up.--_adj._ KILT'ED, dressed in a kilt.--_n._ KILT'IE, one wearing a kilt, a soldier in a Highland regiment. [Northern Eng. _kilt_, to tuck up, from Dan. _kilte_, to tuck up: cf. Ice. _kilting_, a skirt.]

KILT, kilt, (_Spens._) _pa.p._ of kill.

KILTER, kil't[.e]r, _n._ order, proper condition--in phrase, 'out of kilter.'--Also KEL'TER.

KIMBO, kim'bo, _n._ Same as AKIMBO.

KIMONO, ki-m[=o]'n[=o], _n._ a loose robe, fastening with a sash, the principal outer garment in Japan.

KIN, kin, _n._ persons of the same family: relatives: relationship: affinity.--_adj._ related.--_adj._ KIN'LESS, without relations.--NEXT OF KIN, the relatives (lineal or collateral) of a deceased person, among whom his personal property is distributed if he dies intestate; Of kin, of the same kin. [A.S. _cynn_; Ice. _kyn_, Goth. _kuni_, family, race; cog. with L. _genus_, Gr. _genos_.]

KINCHIN, kin'chin, _n._ a child in thieves' slang.--_n._ KIN'CHIN-MORT, a child, generally a girl.--KINCHIN LAY, the robbing of children. [Cf. _kidnap_.]

KINCOB, kin'kob, _n._ a rich silk-stuff made in India.

KIND, k[=i]nd, _n._ those of kin, a race: sort or species, a particular variety: nature: style, method of action, character: produce, as distinguished from money.--_adj._ having the feelings natural for those of the same family: disposed to do good to others: benevolent.--_adj._ KIND'-HEART'ED.--_n._ KIND'-HEART'EDNESS.--_adj._ KIND'LESS (_Shak._), destitute of kindness, unnatural.--_n._ KIND'NESS.--_adj._ KIND'-SPOK'EN, spoken kindly: given to speaking kindly.--KIND OF (_coll._), somewhat, to some extent--used adverbially with adjectives and even verbs.--DO ONE'S KIND (_Shak._), to act according to one's nature; IN A KIND, in a way, to some extent; IN KIND, payment in goods instead of money. [A.S. _cynde_--_cynn_, kin.]

KIND, kind, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to beget. [From _kin_.]

KINDERGARTEN, kin'd[.e]r-gär'tn, _n._ an infant school on Froebel's principle (1826), in which object-lessons and games figure largely.--_n._ KINDERGART'NER, a teacher in a kindergarten. [Ger. _kinder_, children, _garten_, garden.]

KINDLE, kin'dl, _v.t._ to set fire to: to light: to inflame, as the passions: to provoke: to excite to action.--_v.i._ to take fire: to begin to be excited: to be roused.--_ns._ KIN'DLER; KIN'DLING, the act of causing to burn: the materials for commencing a fire. [Ice. _kyndyll_, a torch--L. _candela_, candle.]

KINDLE, kin'dl, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to bring forth (young). [M. E. _kindlen_--_kinde_, kind.]

KINDLY, k[=i]nd'li, _adj._ natural: benevolent: (_orig._) belonging to the kind or race.--_n._ KIND'LINESS.--_adv._ KIND'LY.--_adj._ KIND'LY-N[=A]'TURED.--KINDLY TENANT (_Scot._), a tenant of the same stock as his landlord, or who held his lands in succession, from father to son, for several generations.

KINDRED, kin'dred, _n._ relationship by blood, less properly, by marriage: relatives: (_pl._, _B._) families.--_adj._ related: congenial. [M. E. _kinrede_--A.S. _cynn_, kin, and the suffix _-ræden_, expressing mode or state.]

KINE, k[=i]n, _n.pl._ (_B._) cows. [M. E. _ky-en_, a doubled plural of A.S. _cú_, a cow, the plural of which is _cý_; cf. Scotch _kye_.]

KINEMATICS, kin-e-mat'iks, _n._ the science which treats of motion without reference to force.--_adjs._ KINEMAT'IC, -AL. [Gr. _kin[=e]ma_, _-atos_, motion--_kinein_, to move.]

KINEMATOGRAPH, kin-e-mat'o-graf, _n._ an arrangement by which a numerous series of photographs, taken at rapid intervals, and representing some moving scene, is shown on a screen at the same rapid rate at which they were taken, giving a moving representation of the original scene--less correct but more common form, CINEMAT'OGRAPH (sin-). [Gr. _kin[=e]ma_, _kin[=e]matos_, motion, _graphein_, to write.]

KINESIPATHY, kin-[=e]-sip'a-thi, _n._ a mode of treating disease by muscular movements, movement-cure---also KINESITHER'APY.--_adjs._ KINESIAT'RIC, KINESIPATH'IC.--_n._ KINESIP'ATHIST.

KINETICS, ki-net'iks, _n._ the science which treats of the action of force in producing or changing motion.--_adjs._ KINET'IC, -AL.--_ns._ KINET'OGRAPH, a device by which a series of photographs of a moving object can be thrown on a screen so as to imitate the motion of the original; KINET'OSCOPE, an instrument for illustrating the production of kinematic curves by the combination of circular movements of different radii. [Gr. _kin[=e]tikos_--_kinein_, to move.]

KING, king, _n._ the chief ruler of a nation: a monarch: a playing-card having the picture of a king: the most important piece in chess: a crowned man in draughts: one who is pre-eminent among his fellows:--_fem._ QUEEN.--_v.t._ to play king.--_ns._ KING'-AT-ARMS, or KING'-OF-ARMS, a chief officer of the Heralds' Colleges, whose designations are, for England, Norroy, Clarencieux, and Garter; for Scotland, Lyon; and for Ireland, Ulster; KING'-BIRD, an American tyrant fly-catcher; KING'CRAB, the chief or largest of the crab genus, most common in the Molucca Islands; KING'CRAFT, the art of governing, mostly in a bad sense; KING'CUP, the buttercup or upright meadow crowfoot; KING'DOM, the state or attributes of a king: the territory of a king: government: a region: one of the three grand divisions of Natural History, as the animal, vegetable, or mineral.--_adj._ KING'DOMED (_Shak._), endowed with kingly power, proud.--_ns._ KING'FISHER, a bird with very brilliant plumage, feeding on fish, the halcyon; KING'HOOD, kingship: kingliness.--_adj._ KING'LESS.--_ns._ KING'LET, KING'LING, a little or petty king: the golden-crested wren.--_ns._ KING'LIHOOD, KING'LINESS.--_adj._ KING'-LIKE.--_adj._ KING'LY, belonging or suitable to a king: royal: noble--also _adv._--_ns._ KING'-MAK'ER, one who has the creating of kings in his power; KING'POST, a perpendicular beam in the frame of a roof rising from the tie-beam to the ridge; KING'S'-CUSH'ION, a seat formed by two people's hands; KING'S'-[=E]'VIL, a scrofulous disease or evil formerly supposed to be healed by the touch of the king; KING'SHIP, the state, office, or dignity of a king; KING'S'-HOOD, the second stomach of a ruminant, sometimes humorously for the human stomach; KING'S'-SPEAR, a plant of the genus Asphodel; KING'S'-YELL'OW, arsenic trisulphide or orpiment; KING'-VUL'TURE, a large tropical brilliantly-coloured American vulture; KING'WOOD, a beautiful Brazilian wood--also _Violet-wood_.--KING CHARLES SPANIEL (see SPANIEL); KING LOG, a do-nothing king, as opp. to KING STORK, one who devours his frog-subjects--from Æsop's fable; KING MOB, the vulgar multitude; KING OF BEASTS, the lion; KING OF METALS, gold; KING OF TERRORS, death; KING OF THE FOREST, the oak; KING'S BENCH, the bench or seat of the king: one of the high courts of law, so called because the king used to sit there, called _Queen's_ Bench during a queen's reign; KING'S COUNSEL an honorary rank of barristers; KING'S EVIDENCE, a criminal allowed to become a witness against an accomplice.--KINGDOM COME (_slang_), the state after death.--THREE KINGS OF COLOGNE, the three Wise Men of the East, Gaspar, Melchior, and Balthazar. [A.S. _cyning_--_cyn_, a tribe, with suffix _-kin_; cog. with _kin_.]

KINIC, kin'ik, _adj._ pertaining to cinchona, cinchonic.

KINK, kingk, _n._ a twist in a string, rope, &c.--also KINK'LE.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ to twist.--_adj._ KINK'Y, full of kinks: woolly: crotchety. [Scand.; Sw. and Norw. _kink_.]

KINK, kingk, _v.i._ to cough loudly, gasp for breath.--_n._ a convulsive cough or gasp.--_n._ KINK'COUGH, whooping-cough, chincough (q.v.).

KINKAJOU, kin'ka-j[=oo], _n._ a South American quadruped allied to the raccoon.

KINO, k[=e]'no, _n._ an astringent vegetable exudation resembling catechu. [East Indian.]

KINSFOLK, kinz'f[=o]k, _n._ folk or people kindred or related to one another.--_ns._ KIN'SHIP, relationship; KINS'MAN, a man of the same kin or race with another:--_fem._ KINS'WOMAN.

KIOSK, ki-osk', _n._ an Eastern garden pavilion: a small shop like a sentry-box for the sale of papers, &c. [Turk.,--Pers. _kushk_.]

KIP, kip, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to play truant.

KIP, kip, _n._ the skin of a young animal.--_n._ KIP'SKIN, leather made from the skin of young cattle, intermediate between calf-skin and cow-hide.

KIP, kip, _n._ a level or slight incline at the end of an underground way, on which the tubs of coal stand till hoisted up the shaft.

KIP, kip, _n._ a house of ill-fame.--Also KIP'SHOP.

KIPE, k[=i]p, _n._ (_prov._) an osier basket for catching pike.

KIPPAGE, kip'[=a]j, _n._ (_Scot._) a fit of temper, a rage.

KIPPER, kip'[.e]r, _n._ a male salmon after the spawning season: a salmon split open, seasoned, and dried.--_v.t._ to cure or preserve, as a salmon or haddock. [Dut. _kippen_, to seize; Norw. _kippa_.]

KIRBEH, kir'be, _n._ a skin for holding water. [Ar.]

KIRIMON, k[=e]'ri-mon, _n._ one of the two imperial crests of Japan, bearing three leaves and three flowers of paulownia.

KIRK, k[.e]rk, _n._ in Scotland, a church--sometimes 'the Kirk' means the Established Church specially.--_ns._ KIRK'IN, the first attendance of a pair after marriage, of a magistrate after election; KIRK'-SESS'ION, the lowest court in Presbyterian churches, being the governing body of a particular congregation; KIRK'TON (_Scot._), the village in which the parish church stands; KIRK'YARD, a graveyard.--AULD KIRK, the Established Church in Scotland--by association of ideas, (_coll._) the whisky bottle, whisky. [A Northern Eng. form of _church_.]

KIRSCHWASSER, k[=e]rsh'väs-ser, _n._ a liqueur made from the wild cherry. [Ger., 'cherry water.']

KIRTLE, k[.e]r'tl, _n._ a sort of gown or outer petticoat: a mantle.--_adj._ KIR'TLED. [A.S. _cyrtel_; Dan. _kiortel_; Ice. _kyrtill_: perh. conn. with _skirt_ and _shirt_.]

KISMET, kis'met, _n._ fate, destiny. [Turk. _qismet_.]

KISS, kis, _v.t._ to press one's lips to in affection or reverence: to treat with fondness: to touch gently: to collide (of two billiard-balls).--_v.i._ to salute with the lips.--_n._ a salute with the lips.--_ns._ KISS'-CURL, a small curl at the side of the forehead; KISS'ER; KISS'ING-COM'FIT, a perfumed comfit for sweetening the breath; KISS'ING-CRUST, that part of the upper crust of the loaf which, while baking, overhangs the edge and touches another.--_n.pl._ KISS'ING-STRINGS, cap or bonnet strings tied under the chin.--_n._ KISS'-ME, the wild form of _Viola tricolor_, the pansy: a short veil: a small bonnet--also KISS'-ME-QUICK.--KISS HANDS, to kiss the sovereign's hands on a minister's acceptance of office; KISS OF PEACE, a kiss of greeting exchanged between the members of the early Church, a shadow of which survives in the kissing of the pax at high mass; KISS THE BOOK, to kiss a copy of the New Testament, in England, after taking a legal oath; KISS THE DUST, to be felled to the ground, to be slain or vanquished; KISS THE GUNNER'S DAUGHTER, to get a flogging, tied to the breech of a cannon; KISS THE ROD, to submit to punishment. [A.S. _cyssan_, to kiss--_coss_, a kiss; Ger. _küssen_, Dan. _kys_; allied to _choose_ and _gust_.]

KIST, kist, _n._ (_Scot._) a chest.--KIST O' WHISTLES, an organ. [A.S. _cist_.]

KISTVAEN, kist'v[=a]-en, _n._ a burial-chamber made of flat stones, and shaped like a chest. [W. _cist_, chest, _maen_, stone.]

KIT, kit, _n._ a small wooden tub: the outfit of necessaries of a soldier, sailor, or mechanic. [Old Dut. _kitte_, a hooped beer-can.]

KIT, kit, a small pocket violin. [Contracted from A.S. _cytere_--L. _cythara_, a _guitar_.]

KIT, kit, _n._ a contraction of kitten.--_n._ KIT'-CAT, a game played with sticks and a small piece of wood called a cat.

KIT, kit, _n._ a family, in phrase 'the whole kit.' [_Kith_.]

KITCAT, kit'kat, _n._ the name of a Whig London literary club, which existed from 1700 to about 1720, meeting for some time in the house of a pastry-cook named Christopher _Katt_: a portrait 36 by 28 inches in size, so called from the portraits of the _Kitcat_ Club painted by Sir G. Kneller.

KITCHEN, kich'en, _n._ a room where food is cooked: a utensil with a stove for dressing food, &c.: anything eaten as a relish with bread, potatoes, &c.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to regale in the cook-room: to serve as relish to food, to make palatable, to use sparingly, as one would a relish--to make it last.--_ns._ KITCH'ENDOM, the domain of the kitchen; KITCH'ENER, a person employed in the kitchen: a cooking-stove; KITCH'EN-FEE, the fat which falls from meat in roasting; KITCH'EN-GAR'DEN, a garden where vegetables are cultivated for the kitchen; KITCH'EN-KNAVE, a scullion; KITCH'EN-MAID, a maid or servant whose work is in the kitchen; KITCH'EN-MID'DEN (Dan. _kjökkenmödding_), a prehistoric rubbish-heap in Denmark, the north of Scotland, &c.; KITCH'EN-PHYS'IC, substantial fare (_Milt._); KITCH'EN-RANGE, a kitchen grate with oven, boiler, &c. attached, for cooking; KITCH'EN-STUFF, material used in kitchens: kitchen refuse, esp. fat from pots, &c.; KITCH'EN-WENCH, a kitchen-maid. [A.S. _cicen_; Ger. _küche_, Fr. _cuisine_, all from L. _coquina_--_coqu[)e]re_, to cook.]

KITE, k[=i]t, _n._ a rapacious bird of the hawk kind: a rapacious person: a light frame covered with paper for flying in the air, attached to a long cord, by means of which it is steered: a light and lofty sail: an accommodation bill, esp. a mere paper credit.--_n._ KITE'-FLY'ING, the dealing in fictitious accommodation paper to raise money. [A.S. _cýta_; cf. W. _cud_, Bret. _kidel_, a hawk.]

KITE, k[=i]t, _n._ (_Scot._) the belly.--Also KYTE. [A.S. _cwith_, the womb.]

KITH, kith, _n._ kindred, acquaintance, obsolete except in the phrase KITH AND KIN, acquaintances and relatives. [A.S. _cúð_--_cunnan_, to know.]

KITTEN, kit'n, _n._ a young cat.--_v.i._ to bring forth young cats.--_n._ (_Scot._) KIT'LING.--_adj._ KITT'ENISH, frolicsome.--_v.i._ KITT'LE (_Scot._), to bring forth kittens. [M. E. _kitoun_, dim. of _cat_.]

KITTIWAKE, kit'i-w[=a]k, _n._ a species of gull with long wings and rudimentary hind-toe. [Imit.]

KITTLE, kit'l, _adj._ (_Scot._) ticklish, intractable.--_v.t._ (_Scot._) to tickle.--_adj._ KITT'LY, easily tickled, sensitive.--_n._ KITT'LY-BEND'ERS (_Amer._), running on thin bending ice.

KIWI, k[=e]'wi, _n._ a bird of the genus Apteryx found in New Zealand.

KLANG, klang, _n._ (_mus._) a complex tone, composed of fundamental and harmonics, as opposed to a simple tone. [Ger.]

KLEPHT, kleft, _n._ a Greek or Albanian brigand. [Gr., from _kleptein_, to steal.]

KLEPTOMANIA, klep-to-m[=a]'ni-a, _n._ a mania for stealing: a morbid impulse to secrete things.--_n._ KLEPTOM[=A]'NIAC. [Gr. _kleptein_ to steal, _mania_, madness.]

KLICK. Same as CLICK.

KLIPDAS, klip'das, _n._ the rock badger.

KLIPSPRINGER, klip'spring-[.e]r, _n._ a small South African antelope.

KLOOF, kl[=oo]f, _n._ a mountain cleft. [S. African Dutch.]

KNACK, nak, _n._ a petty contrivance: a toy: a nice trick: dexterity, adroitness.--_n._ KNACK'INESS.--_adjs._ KNACK'ISH, KNACK'Y, cunning, crafty. [Orig. imit.; cf. Gael. _cnac_, Dut. _knak_, a crack, Ger. _knacken_, to crack.]

KNACKER, nak'[.e]r, _n._ anything that knocks: (_pl._) castanets or clappers, bones.

KNACKER, nak'[.e]r, _n._ a dealer in old horses and dog's-meat: (_prov._) a collier's horse. [From Ice. _knakkr_, a saddle.]

KNAG, nag, _n._ a knot in wood: a peg.--_n._ KNAG'GINESS, state of being knaggy.--_adj._ KNAG'GY, knotty: rugged. [From a root found in Ir. and Gael. _cnag_, a knob; cf. Dan. _knag_, Ger. _knagge_.]

KNAP, nap, _v.t._ to snap or break with a snapping noise: to break in pieces with blows, as stones: to bite off, nibble:--_pr.p._ knap'ping; _pa.p._ knapped.--_ns._ KNAP'BOTTLE, the bladder-campion; KNAP'PER, one who breaks stones, esp. one who breaks up flint-flakes for gun-flints; KNAP'PING-HAMM'ER (_Scot._), a hammer for breaking stones.--_v.i._ KNAP'PLE, to nibble. [Dut. _knappen_, to crack or crush.]

KNAP, nap, _n._ (_Bacon_) a protuberance, a hillock.--_n._ KNAP'WEED, a general name for plants of the genus _Centaurea_ of the composite family--star-thistle, bachelor's buttons. [Conn. with _knob_, _knop_.]

KNAPSACK, nap'sak, _n._ a provision-sack: a case for necessaries borne by soldiers and travellers. [Dut. _knappen_, to crack, eat, _zak_, a sack.]

KNAPSKULL, nap'skul, _n._ a helmet. [From _knap_ (n.) and _skull_.]

KNAR, när, _n._ a knot on a tree.--_n._ KNARL=GNARL.--_adj._ KNARRED, gnarled, knotty.

KNAVE, n[=a]v, _n._ a false, deceitful fellow: a villain: a card bearing the picture of a servant or soldier: (_Shak._) a boy.--_ns._ KNAVE'-BAIRN, a male child; KNAV'ERY, dishonesty; KNAVE'SHIP (_Scot._), a certain quantity of grain, the due of the miller.--_adj._ KNAV'ISH, fraudulent: villainous.--_adv._ KNAV'ISHLY.--_n._ KNAV'ISHNESS. [A.S. _cnafa_, _cnapa_, a boy, a youth; Ger. _knabe_, _knappe_.]

KNEAD, n[=e]d, _v.t._ to work and press together into a mass, as flour into dough: to operate upon in massage: to mix.--_ns._ KNEAD'ER; KNEAD'ING-TROUGH, a trough for kneading. [A.S. _cnedan_; Ice. _knoða_, Ger. _kneten_, to knead.]

KNEE, n[=e], _n._ the joint between the thigh and shin bones: a piece of timber or metal like a bent knee: (_Shak._) a genuflection.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to kneel to, to go over on one's knees.--_n.pl._ KNEE'-BREECH'ES, breeches extending to just below the knee, as in court-dress.--_n._ KNEE'-CAP, the bone above the protuberance of the knee: a cap or strong covering for the knees, used chiefly for horses, to save their knees in case of a fall.--_n.pl._ KNEE'-CORDS, knee-breeches of corduroy.--_adjs._ KNEE'-CROOK'ING, obsequious: fawning; KNEED, having knees: (_bot._) having angular joints like the knee; KNEE'-DEEP, rising to the knees: sunk to the knees; KNEE'-HIGH, rising or reaching to the knees.--_ns._ KNEE'-HOLL'Y, butcher's broom: KNEE'-JOINT, a joint with two pieces at an angle, so as to be very tight when pressed into a straight line; KNEE'-PAN, a flat, round bone on the front of the knee-joint; KNEE'-PIECE, or -RAFT'ER, an angular piece of timber strengthening a joint where two roof-timbers meet: any defensive appliance covering the knee; KNEE'-STOP, -SWELL, a lever worked by the performer's knee, for regulating the wind-supply of a reed-organ, &c.; KNEE'-TIM'BER, timber bent into a shape suitable for a knee in shipbuilding, &c.; KNEE'-TRIB'UTE (_Milt._), the homage of kneeling.--GIVE, or OFFER, A KNEE, to act as second or bottle-holder in a fight, the principal resting on the second's knee during the pauses between the rounds. [A.S. _cneów_, _cneó_; Ger. _knie_, L. _genu_, Gr. _gonu_.]

KNEEL, n[=e]l, _v.i._ to bend the knee: to rest or fall on the knee:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ kneeled, knelt.--_n._ KNEEL'ER, one who kneels. [_Knee_.]

KNELL, nel, _n._ the stroke of a bell: the sound of a bell at a death or funeral.--_v.i._ to sound as a bell: toll.--_v.t._ to summon as by a tolling bell. [A.S. _cnyllan_, to beat noisily; Dut. and Ger. _knallen_.]

KNELT, nelt, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _kneel_.

KNEW, n[=u], _pa.t._ of know.

KNICKERBOCKERS, nik-[.e]r-bok'[.e]rz, _n.pl._ loose breeches gathered in at the knee.--Also KNICK'ERS. [From the wide-breeched Dutchmen in 'Knickerbocker's' (Washington Irving's) humorous _History of New York_, whence _Knickerbocker_ has come to mean the descendant of one of the original Dutch settlers of New York.]

KNICK-KNACK, nik'-nak, _n._ a trifle or toy.--_n._ KNICK'-KNACK'ERY, knick-knacks collectively. [A doubling of _knack_.]

KNIFE, n[=i]f, _n._ an instrument for cutting: a sword or dagger:--_pl._ KNIVES (n[=i]vz).--_v.t._ to stab with a knife: (_Amer._) to try to destroy a political candidate's chances by a treacherous attack.--_ns._ KNIFE'-AND-FORK', a trencherman; KNIFE'-BOARD, a board on which knives are cleaned: (_coll._) the seat running along the top of an omnibus; KNIFE'-BOY, a boy employed in cleaning knives; KNIFE'-EDGE (_mech._), a sharp piece of steel like a knife's edge serving as the axis of a balance, &c.; KNIFE'-GRIND'ER, one who grinds or sharpens knives; KNIFE'-MON'EY, a knife-shaped bronze currency formerly used in China; KNIFE'-REST, a glass or metal utensil on which to rest a carving-knife or fork; KNIFE'-TRAY, a tray for holding knives.--WAR TO THE KNIFE, mortal combat. [A.S. _cníf_: Ger. _kneif_, knife, _kneifen_, to nip.]

KNIGHT, n[=i]t, _n._ one of gentle birth and bred to arms, admitted in feudal times to a certain honourable military rank: (_Shak._) an attendant: a champion: the rank, with the title 'Sir,' next below baronets: a piece used in the game of chess.--_v.t._ to create a knight.--_ns._ KNIGHT'AGE, the collective body of knights; KNIGHT'-BACH'ELOR, one who has been knighted merely, not made a member of any titular order; KNIGHT'-BANN'ERET, a knight who carried a banner, and who was superior in rank to the knight-bachelor; KNIGHT'-ERR'ANT, a knight who travelled in search of adventures; KNIGHT'-ERR'ANTRY; KNIGHT'HOOD, the character or privilege of a knight: the order or fraternity of knights; KNIGHT'HOOD-ERR'ANT (_Tenn._), the body of knights-errant.--_adj._ KNIGHT'LESS (_Spens._), unbecoming a knight.--_n._ KNIGHT'LINESS, the bearing or duties of a knight.--_adj._ and _adv._ KNIGHT'LY.--_ns._ KNIGHT'-MAR'SHAL, formerly an officer of the royal household; KNIGHT'-SERV'ICE, tenure by a knight on condition of military service.--KNIGHT OF INDUSTRY, a footpad, thief, or sharper; KNIGHT OF THE CARPET, a civil knight, as opposed to a military, so called because created kneeling on a carpet, not the field; KNIGHT OF THE PESTLE, an apothecary; KNIGHT OF THE POST, one familiar with the whipping-post or pillory; KNIGHT OF THE ROAD, a highwayman; KNIGHT OF THE SHIRE, a member of parliament for a county; KNIGHT'S FEE, the amount of land with which a knight was invested on his creation; KNIGHTS OF LABOUR, in the United States, a national labour organisation; KNIGHTS OF MALTA (see Hospitaller); KNIGHTS OF ST CRISPIN, shoemakers; KNIGHTS OF THE RAINBOW, flunkeys from their liveries; KNIGHTS OF THE SHEARS, tailors; KNIGHTS OF THE SPIGOT, tapsters, publicans; KNIGHTS OF THE STICK, compositors; KNIGHTS OF THE WHIP, coachmen; KNIGHTS TEMPLARS (see TEMPLAR). [A.S. _cniht_ Ger. and Dut. _knecht_, Dan. _knegt_.]

KNIT, nit, _v.t._ to form into a knot: to tie together: to unite into network by needles: to unite closely, to draw together: to contract.--_v.i._ to interweave with needles: to grow together:--_pr.p._ knit'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ knit'ted or knit.--_n._ (_Shak._) a style of knitting.--_ns._ KNIT'TER; KNIT'TING, the work of a knitter: union, junction: the network formed by knitting; KNIT'TING-MACHINE', a machine for knitting; KNIT'TING-NEED'LE, a long needle or wire used for knitting thread into stockings, &c. [A.S. _cnyttan_--_cnotta_, a knot.]

KNITCH, nich, _n._ (_prov._) a faggot.

KNITTLE, nit'l, _n._ (_naut._) a small line made of two or three yarns twisted with the fingers: (_pl._) the halves of two yarns in a rope, twisted for pointing.

KNIVES, _pl._ of _knife_.

KNOB, nob, _n._ a hard protuberance: a hard swelling: a round ball.--_adj._ KNOBBED, containing or set with knobs.--_n._ KNOB'BINESS.--_adj._ KNOB'BY, full of knobs: knotty.--_n._ KNOB'STICK (_slang_), a synonym for a blackleg or scab in trades-union slang. [_Knop_.]

KNOBKERRIE, nob'ker-i, _n._ a round-headed stick used as a club and a missile by the Kafirs.

KNOCK, nok, _v.i._ to strike with something hard or heavy: to drive or be driven against: to strike for admittance: to rap.--_v.t._ to strike: to drive against.--_n._ a sudden stroke: a rap.--_adj._ KNOCK'-DOWN, such as to overthrow.--_ns._ KNOCK'ER, the hammer suspended to a door for making a knock: a goblin inhabiting a mine who points out the presence of ore by knocks; KNOCK'ING, a beating on a door: a rap.--_adj._ KNOCK'-KNEED, having knees that knock or touch in walking.--KNOCK ABOUT (_slang_), to saunter, loaf about; KNOCK DOWN, to fell with a blow: assign to a bidder with a tap of the auctioneer's hammer; KNOCK INTO A COCKED HAT (see COCK); KNOCK OFF, to desist, cease: to accomplish hastily; KNOCK ON THE HEAD, to bring to a sudden stop; KNOCK OUT, to beat in a boxing match, to overcome generally: to lose the scent--of hounds in fox-hunting; KNOCK-OUT AUCTION, an auction where the bidders are largely swindling confederates; KNOCK TOGETHER, to get together or construct hastily; KNOCK UNDER, to give in, yield; KNOCK UP, to rouse by knocking: weary out, or be worn out: to construct hastily: (_U.S._) to get with child. [A.S. _cnucian_, _cnocian_; imit. like _knack_; cf. Gael. _cnac_, _cnag_, &c.]

KNOLL, n[=o]l, _n._ a round hillock: the top of a hill. [A.S. _cnol_; Ger. _knollen_, a knob, lump.]

KNOLL, n[=o]l. Same as KNELL.

KNOP, nop, _n._ (_B._) a knob, a bud. [A.S. _cnoep_; Dut. _knop_, Ger. _knopf_.]

KNOSP, nosp, _n._ the unopened bud of a flower: an architectural ornament resembling such. [Ger. _knospe_.]

KNOT, not, _n._ a wading-bird much resembling a snipe, sometimes said, but without evidence, to be named from King _Cnut_ or _Canute_.

KNOT, not, _n._ a bunch of threads or the like entangled or twisted: an interlacement of parts of a cord, &c., by twisting the ends about each other, and then drawing tight the loops thus formed: a piece of ribbon, lace, &c., folded or tied upon itself in some particular form, as _shoulder-knot_, _breast-knot_, &c.: anything like a knot in form: a bond of union: a difficulty: the gist of a matter: a cluster: the part of a tree where a branch shoots out: an epaulet: (_naut._) a division of the knot-marked log-line: a nautical mile.--_v.t._ to tie in a knot: to unite closely.--_v.i._ to form knots or joints: to knit knots for a fringe:--_pr.p._ knot'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ knot'ted.--_n._ KNOT'-GRASS, a common weed or grass, so called from the numerous joints or knots of its stem.--_adjs._ KNOT'LESS, without knots; KNOT'TED, full of, or having, knots: having intersecting lines or figures.--_n._ KNOT'TINESS.--_adj._ KNOT'TY, containing knots: hard, rugged: difficult: intricate.--_n._ KNOT'WORK, ornamental work made with knots.--BOWLINE KNOT (see BOW); GRANNY KNOT (see GRANNY); PORTERS' KNOT, a pad for supporting burdens on the head; SQUARE KNOT, a knot used in tying reef-points so that the ends come out alongside the standing parts; SURGEONS' KNOT, a square or reef knot used in tying a ligature round a cut artery; TRUE LOVERS' KNOT, a kind of double knot with two bows and two ends, an emblem of interwoven affections.--CUT THE KNOT, to solve a problem slap-dash (cf. GORDIAN). [A.S. _cnotta_; Ger. _knoten_, Dan. _knude_, L. _nodus_.]

KNOUT, nowt, _n._ a whip formerly used as an instrument of punishment in Russia: punishment inflicted by the knout. [Russ. _knute_.]

KNOW, n[=o], _v.t._ to be informed of: to be assured of: to be acquainted with: to recognise: (_B._) to approve: to have sexual commerce with.--_v.i._ to possess knowledge:--_pr.p._ kn[=o]w'ing; _pa.t._ knew (n[=u]); _pa.p._ known (n[=o]n).--_n._ (_Shak._) knowledge.--_adj._ KNOW'ABLE, capable of being known, discovered, or understood.--_ns._ KNOW'ABLENESS; KNOW'-ALL, one who thinks he knows everything; KNOW'ER.--_adj._ KNOW'ING, intelligent: skilful: cunning.--_adv._ KNOW'INGLY.--_ns._ KNOW'INGNESS, the quality of being knowing or intelligent: shrewdness; KNOW'-NOTH'ING, one who is quite ignorant: a member of the native American party (1854-56).--_adj._ completely ignorant.--KNOW A MOVE OR TWO, to be forearmed against trickery by a knowledge of the tricks; KNOW ON WHICH SIDE ONE'S BREAD IS BUTTERED, to be fully alive to one's own interest; KNOW THE ROPES, to understand the detail of any matter, as a sailor does his rigging; KNOW WHAT'S O'CLOCK, KNOW WHAT'S WHAT, to be thoroughly acquainted with something: to be wide awake. [A.S. _cnáwan_; Ice. _kná_, L. _nosc[)e]re_ for _gnoscere_, Gr. _gign[=o]skein_.]

KNOWLEDGE, nol'ej, _n._ assured belief: that which is known: information, instruction: enlightenment, learning: practical skill.--_adj._ KNOWL'EDGEABLE (_coll._), possessing knowledge: intelligent.--_n._ KNOWL'EDGE-BOX (_slang_), the head.--TO ONE'S KNOWLEDGE, so far as one knows. [M. E. _knowleche_, where _-leche_ is the Northern form of the suffix in _wed-lock_, being A.S. _lác_, gift, sport.]

KNUB, nub, _n._ a knob, a small lump: the waste or refuse of silk-cocoons.--Also KNUBS.

KNUCKLE, nuk'l, _n._ projecting joint of the fingers; (_cook._) the knee-joint of a calf or pig.--_v.i._ to bend the fingers: to touch the forehead as a mark of respect: to yield.--_v.t._ (_rare_) to touch with the knuckle.--_ns._ KNUCK'LE-BONES, a game (called also _Dibs_); KNUCK'LE-BOW, the curved part of a sword-guard that covers the fingers; KNUCK'LE-DUST'ER, a kind of modern cestus, devised as a protection against garrotters; KNUCK'LE-JOINT, a joint where the forked end of a connecting-rod is joined by a bolt to another piece of the machinery.--KNUCKLE DOWN, to apply one's self with vigour to a task: to submit--in this sense, also KNUCKLE UNDER. [M. E. _knokil_; cf. Dut. _knokkel_; prob. Celt., W. _cnwc_.]

KNURL, n[.e]rl, _n._ (_Burns_) a humpback.

KNURL. Same as GNARL, KNARL.

KNURR, KNUR, nur, _n._ a knot in wood: a wooden ball.--KNUR AND SPELL, a game played with a ball (_knur_), trap (_spell_), and tripstick, in vogue chiefly in the north of England. [Old Dut. _knorre_.]

KOA, k[=o]'a, _n._ a forest-tree of the Sandwich Islands.

KOALA, k[=o]-ä'lä, _n._ an Australian marsupial, called also 'Native Bear.'

KOB, kob, _n._ an African water-antelope.

KOBALT, _n._ Same as COBALT.

KOBANG, k[=o]'bang, _n._ an oblong gold coin, rounded at the corners, once current in Japan.--Also K[=O]'BAN.

KOBOLD, k[=o]'bold, _n._ in German folklore, a spirit of the mines. [Akin to _goblin_.]

KODAK, k[=o]'dak, _n._ a small portable photographic camera with a continuous roll of sensitised film, on which successive instantaneous negatives are made.--_v.t._ to take an instantaneous picture of. [The trademark name of the Eastman _Kodak_ Company.]

KOFF, kof, _n._ a small Dutch sailing-vessel.

KOFTGAR, koft'gär, _n._ one who inlays steel with gold.--_n._ KOFT'GARI, such work--sometimes KOFT'WORK. [Hind.]

KOHELETH, k[=o]-hel'eth, _n._ the Preacher, supposed to be applied to Solomon in Eccles. i. 12.

KOHL, k[=o]l, _n._ a fine powder of antimony used in the East for staining the eyes. [Ar.]

KOHLRABI, k[=o]l'r[=a]-bi, _n._ the turnip-cabbage. [Ger.,--It. _cavolo rapa_, cole-turnip.]

KOKRA, kok'ra, _n._ an Indian wood used for making flutes, &c.--Also _Cocus-wood_.

KOLA, k[=o]'lä, _n._ an African tree whose nuts or seeds have stimulant properties: a name given to an aerated non-alcoholic beverage.

KOLINSKY, ko-lin'ski, _n._ the Siberian polecat or mink.

KONISCOPE, kon'i-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument for indicating the quantity of dust in the atmosphere. [Gr. _konis_, dust, _skopein_, to look.]

KONISTRA, k[=o]-nis'tra, _n._ the orchestra or dancing-place in the ancient Greek theatre, a circular area between the stage and the auditorium.

KOODOO, k[=oo]'d[=oo], _n._ an African antelope with long spiral horns.

KOORBASH, k[=oo]r'bash, _n._ a whip of hippopotamus or rhinoceros hide, used in Egypt and elsewhere.--Also KOURBASH. [Ar. _kurb[=a]j_.]

KOORD, k[=oo]rd, _n._ Same as KURD.

KOPECK, k[=o]'pek, _n._ Same as COPECK.

KOPJE, kop'ye, _n._ a flat-topped hill. [Dut. _kop_, a top.]

KORAN, k[=o]'rän, _n._ the Mohammedan Scriptures: Alcoran.--_adj._ KORAN'IC. [Ar. _qur[=a]n_, reading.]

KOSHER, k[=o]'sh[.e]r, _adj._ pure, clean, according to the Jewish ordinances--as of meat killed and prepared by Jews. [Heb., from _y[=a]shar_, to be right.]

KOSMOS. Same as COSMOS.

KOTO, k[=o]'t[=o], _n._ a Japanese musical instrument consisting of an oblong box over which thirteen silk strings are stretched.

KOTOW, k[=o]-tow', _n._ the Chinese ceremony of prostration.--_v.i._ to perform that ceremony, to abase one's self.--Also KOWTOW'. [Chin.]

KOTYLISKOS, kot-i-lis'kos, _n._ a small Greek toilet-vase with a small foot.

KOUMISS, k[=oo]'mis, _n._ a Kalmuck intoxicating beverage made from the soured and fermented milk of mares--supposed to be good for pulmonary phthisis. [Russ.,--Tartar.]

KRAAL, kräl, _n._ a Hottentot village or hut [Dut. _kraal_--Port. _curral_--L. _curr[)e]re_.]

KRAKEN, krä'ken, _n._ a fabled sea-animal of enormous size. [Scand.]

KRANG, krang, _n._ the carcass of a whale after the blubber has been removed.--Also KRENG. [Dut.]

KRASIS, kr[=a]'sis, _n._ the act of adding a little water to the wine used for the Eucharist.--Also called _Mixture_. [Gr.]

KREATIN. Same as CREATIN.

KREESE. Same as CREESE.

KREMLIN, krem'lin, _n._ a citadel, specially that of Moscow. [Russ. _kremli_.]

KREOSOTE, kr[=e]'o-s[=o]t, _n._ Same as CREOSOTE.

KREUTZER, kroit'z[.e]r, _n._ a small copper coin of Austria, 100 to the florin or gulden--formerly also in South Germany. [Ger. _kreuzer_--_kreuz_, a cross, because formerly stamped with a cross.]

K'RI, kr[=e], _n._ a marginal reading in the Hebrew Bible, proposed in substitution for a k'thibh, or reading in the text. The word signifies _read_, and was originally a marginal direction. [Heb.]

KRIEGSPIEL, kr[=e]g'sp[=e]l, _n._ the 'war-game' played with metal blocks on a map, to train officers in military manoeuvres. [Ger. _krieg_, war, _spiel_, game.]

KRIS. Same as CREESE.

KRISHNA, krish'na, _n._ a deity in later Hindu mythology.

KRUMMHORN, krum'horn, _n._ a medieval clarinet-like instrument: a reed-stop in the organ. [Ger. _krumm_.]

KRUPSIS, kr[=oo]p'sis, _n._ (_theol._) the doctrine that Christ, during His state of humiliation, continued to possess in a veiled way the divine attributes of omnipotence, omniscience, &c. [Gr., _kryptein_, to conceal.]

KRYOMETER, kr[=i]-om'e-t[.e]r, _n._ a thermometer for measuring very low temperatures. [Gr. _kryos_, cold, _metron_, a measure.]

KSAR (_Milt._), a former spelling of _Czar_.

KSHATRIYA, kshat'ri-ya, _n._ the second or military caste among the Brahmanic Hindus.

K'THIBH, kth[=e]v, _n._ a textual reading in the Hebrew Scriptures:--opp. to _K'ri_. The word signifies _written_, and was originally a marginal note calling attention to the textual form in distinction from the k'ri. [Heb.]

KUDOS, k[=u]'dos, _n._ credit, fame, generally used jocularly. [Gr.]

KUDU. Same as KOODOO.

KUFIC. Same as CUFIC.

KUKLUX, k[=u]'kluks, or KUKLUX KLAN, a secret organisation in several Southern states after the Civil War of 1861-65, to oppose Northern influence in the South, and to prevent the negroes from enjoying their rights as freemen--crushed by United States forces in 1869. [Gr. _kuklos_, a circle.]

KUMISS. Same as KOUMISS.

KÜMMEL, küm'el, _n._ a liqueur flavoured with cumin and caraway seeds. [Ger.]

KURD, k[=oo]rd, _n._ an inhabitant of _Kurdistan_, a region on the east of the upper course of the Tigris.

KURSAAL, k[=oo]r'säl, _n._ the reception-room of a German spa. [Ger., lit. 'cure-saloon.']

KVASS, kvas, _n._ rye-beer. [Russ. _kvas[)u]_.]

KYANISE, k[=i]'an-[=i]z, _v.t._ to preserve from dry-rot by injecting corrosive sublimate into the pores of the wood. [From John H. _Kyan_ (1774-1830).]

KYANITE, k[=i]'a-n[=i]t, _n._ Same as CYANITE.

KYE, Ky, k[=i], _n.pl._ Scotch form of the plural of _cow_. [See KINE.]

KYLIX, k[=i]'liks, _n._ a broad and shallow Greek drinking-vase.

KYLLOSIS, kil-l[=o]'sis, _n._ club-foot.

KYLOE, k[=i]'l[=o], _n._ one of the cattle of the Hebrides.

KYMOGRAPH, k[=i]'m[=o]-graf, _n._ an instrument for measuring the pressure of fluids, esp. of blood in a blood-vessel.--_adj._ KYMOGRAPH'IC. [Gr. _kyma_, a wave, _graphein_, to write.]

KYRIE, kir'i-[=e], _n._ the _Kyrie eleïson_='Lord have mercy,' including both the words and the music to which they are sung: one of the responses to the commandments in the Anglican ante-communion service.--KYRIE ELEÏSON, a form of prayer which occurs in all the ancient Greek liturgies, and retained in the R.C. mass, following immediately after the introit. [Voc. case of Gr. _kyrios_, lord.]

KYRIOLOGIC, -al, kir-i-o-loj'ik, -al, _adj._ denoting objects by alphabetical characters or conventional signs. [Gr. _kyrios_, literal, proper, _logos_, discourse.]

KYTHE, k[=i]_th_, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to make known.--_v.i._ to show one's self, to appear. [A.S. _cyðan_, to make known. See UNCOUTH.]

* * * * *

L the twelfth letter in our alphabet, usually termed a liquid, but more correctly designated as a front palatal: (_chem._) the symbol for lithium: in Roman numerals, for 50, but [=L]=50,000.

LA, lä, _interj._ lo! see! behold! ah! indeed!--_n._ (_mus._) in solmisation, the syllable used for the sixth tone of the scale. [A.S. _lá_.]

LAAGER, lä'g[.e]r, _n._ in South African campaigning, a camp made by a ring of ox-wagons set close together, the spaces beneath being filled up with the baggage of the company.--_v.t._ to arrange in such a defensive enclosure. [Dut., a variant of _leger_, a camp.]

LABARUM, lab'a-rum, _n._ a Roman military standard adopted as the imperial standard after Constantine's conversion. It bore the Greek letters XP (Chr), joined in a monogram, to signify the name of Christ: a similar ecclesiastical banner borne in processions: any moral standard or guide. [Late Gr. _labaron_, origin unknown. Some make bold to derive from Basque _labaria_, a standard.]

LABDANUM. See LADANUM.

LABEFACTION, lab-e-fak'shun, _n._ a weakening decay--also LABEFACT[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ LAB'EFY, to impair. [L. _labefac[)e]re_, to shake.]

LABEL, l[=a]'bel, _n._ a small slip of writing affixed to anything to denote its contents, ownership, &c.: (_law_) a paper annexed to a will, as a codicil: (_her._) a fillet with pendants: (_archit._) the dripstone over a Gothic window or doorway arch.--_v.t._ to affix a label to: to describe by or on a label:--_pr.p._ l[=a]'belling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ l[=a]'belled. [O. Fr. _label_ (Fr. _lambeau_); perh. from Old High Ger. _lappa_ (Ger. _lappen_).]

LABELLUM, la-bel'um, _n._ the lower petal of a flower, esp. an orchis. [L., dim. of _labium_, a lip.]

LABIAL, l[=a]'bi-al, _adj._ pertaining to the lips: formed by the lips.--_n._ a sound formed by the lips: a letter representing a sound formed either by both the lips, or by the upper lip and under teeth--_p_, _b_, _m_, _f_, _v_.--_v.t._ L[=A]'BIALISE.--_adv._ L[=A]'BIALLY.--_n.pl._ LABI[=A]'TÆ, a natural order of gamopetalous plants, the mint family having four-cornered stems and opposite branches.--_adjs._ L[=A]'BIATE, -D (_bot._), having two unequal divisions, as in the monopetalous corolla of the mints.--_adj._ and _n._ LABIODEN'TAL, of a sound pronounced both by the lips and teeth: a letter representing such (_f_, _v_.).--_n._ L[=A]'BIUM, a lip or lip-like part:--_pl._ L[=A]'BIA. [Fr.,--L. _labium_, _labrum_, a lip.]

LABIS, l[=a]'bis, _n._ the cochlear or eucharistic spoon. [Late Gr. from _lambanein_, to take.]

LABORATORY, lab'or-a-tor-i, _n._ a chemist's workroom: a place where scientific experiments are systematically carried on: a place for the manufacture of arms and war material: a place where anything is prepared for use. [L. _labor[=a]re_--_labor_, work.]

LABOUR, l[=a]'bur, _n._ toil or exertion, esp. when fatiguing: work: pains: duties: a task requiring hard work: the pangs of childbirth.--_v.i._ to undergo labour: to work: to take pains: to be oppressed: to move slowly: to be in travail: (_naut._) to pitch and roll heavily.--_adj._ LAB[=O]'RIOUS, full of labour: toilsome: wearisome: devoted to labour: industrious.--_adv._ LAB[=O]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ LAB[=O]'RIOUSNESS.--_adj._ L[=A]'BOURED, bearing marks of labour or effort in the execution.--_ns._ L[=A]'BOURER, one who labours: one who does work requiring little skill; L[=A]'BOURIST, one who contends for the interests of workmen.--_adjs._ L[=A]'BOUR-SAV'ING, intended to supersede or lessen the labour of men; L[=A]'BOURSOME (_Shak._), made with labour and diligence.--LABOUR DAY, a legal holiday in some parts of the United States, as in New York (the first Monday in September); LABOUR MARKET, the supply of unemployed labour in relation to the demand for it; LABOUR OF LOVE, work undertaken merely as an act of friendliness, and without hope of emolument; LABOUR WITH, to take pains to convince.--HARD LABOUR, compulsory work imposed on certain criminals in addition to imprisonment. [O. Fr. _labour_, _labeur_--L. _labor_.]

LABRADORITE, lab'ra-d[=o]r-[=i]t, _n._ one of the group of the Feldspars, and a very important rock-forming mineral. [_Labrador_.]

LABRET, l[=a]'bret, _n._ a piece of bone, shell, &c. inserted into the lip by savages for ornament.--_adj._ L[=A]'BROSE, having thick lips.--_n._ L[=a]'brum, a lip or lip-like part:--_pl._ L[=A]'BRA. [L. _labrum_, _labium_, a lip.]

LABURNUM, la-bur'num, _n._ a small tree with large pendulous racemes of beautiful yellow flowers, a native of the Alps. [L.]

LABYRINTH, lab'i-rinth, _n._ a place full of inextricable windings: (_orig._) a building consisting of halls connected by intricate passages: an arrangement of tortuous passages in which it is difficult to find the way out: an inexplicable difficulty, a perplexity: (_anat._) the cavities of the internal ear.--_adjs._ LABYRINTH'AL, LABYRINTH'IAN, LABYRINTH'INE, pertaining to or like a labyrinth: winding: intricate: perplexing; LABYRINTH'IFORM, having the form of a labyrinth: intricate.--_n._ LABYRINTH'ODON, a race of extinct gigantic amphibians found in the Permian, Carboniferous, and Triassic strata, so called from the mazy pattern exhibited on a transverse section of the teeth of some genera. [Fr. _labyrinthe_--L. _labyrinthus_--Gr. _labyrinthos_; akin to _laura_, a passage.]

LAC, lak, _n._ the term used in India for 100,000 rupees, the nominal value of which is £10,000.--Also LAKH. [Hind. _lak_--Sans. _laksha_, 100,000, a mark.]

LAC, lak, _n._ a dark-red transparent resin produced on the twigs of trees in the East by the lac insect, used in dyeing.--_adj._ LACCIC (lak'sik).--_ns._ LACCINE (lak'sin), a brittle, translucent, yellow substance, obtained from shell-lac; LAC'-DYE, LAC'-LAKE, scarlet colouring matters obtained from STICK'-LAC, the twigs, with attached resin, enclosed insects, and ova; SEED'-LAC, the granular portion remaining after removing the resin, triturating with water, and drying; SHELL'-LAC, SHEL'LAC, thin plates of resin prepared by melting the seed-lac in cotton-cloth bags, straining, and allowing it to drop on to sticks or leaves. [Pers. _lak_--Sans. _lákshá_, the lac insect--_rañj_, to dye.]

LACE, l[=a]s, _n._ a plaited string for fastening: an ornamental fabric of linen, cotton, silk, or gold and silver threads, made by looping, knotting, plaiting, or twisting the thread into definite patterns, of contrasted open and close structure; three distinct varieties are made, two by handiwork, known respectively as _Needle_ or _Point lace_ and _Pillow_ or _Bobbin Lace_, and one by machinery.--_v.t._ to fasten with a lace: to adorn with lace: to streak: to mark with the lash: to intermix, as coffee with brandy, &c.: to intertwine.--_v.i._ to be fastened with a lace.--_ns._ LACE'-BARK TREE, a lofty West Indies tree, the inner bark like coarse lace; LACE'-BOOT, a boot fastened by a lace.--_p.adj._ LACED, fastened or adorned with lace.--_ns._ LACE'-FRAME, a machine used in lace-making; LACE'-LEAF (see LATTICE-LEAF); LACE'-MAN, one who deals in lace; LACE'-MEND'ER, one who repairs lace; LACE'-P[=A]'PER, paper stamped or cut by hand with an open-work pattern like lace; LACE'-PILL'OW, a cushion on which many various kinds of lace are made, held on the knees.--_adj._ L[=A]'CY, like lace.--ALENÇON LACE, a very fine point-lace, the most important made in France; APPLIQUÉ LACE, lace having sprigs or flowers sewed on net; BALLOON-NET LACE, a form of woven lace in which the freeing threads are peculiarly twisted about the warps; BRUSSELS LACE, an extremely fine lace with sprigs applied on a net ground; DUCHESSE LACE, a Belgian pillow-lace having beautiful designs with cord outlines, often in relief; GUIPURE LACE, any lace without a net ground, the pattern being held together by bars or brides; HONITON LACE, a lace made at _Honiton_ in Devonshire, remarkable for the beauty of its figures and sprigs; IMITATION LACE, any lace made by machinery; MECHLIN LACE, a lace with bobbin ground and designs outlined by thread or flat cord; SPANISH LACE, needle-point lace brought from Spanish convents since their dissolution--but probably of Flemish origin: cut and drawn work made in convents in Spain, of patterns usually confined to simple sprigs and flowers: a modern black-silk lace with large flower-patterns, mostly of Flemish make: a modern needle-point lace with large square designs; TAMBOUR LACE, a modern kind of lace made with needle-embroidery on machine-made net; TORCHON LACE, peasants' bobbin laces of loose texture and geometrical designs, much imitated by machinery; VALENCIENNES LACE, a fine bobbin lace having the design made with the ground and of the same thread. [O. Fr. _las_, a noose--L. _laqueus_, a noose.]

LACERATE, las'[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.t._ to tear: to rend: to wound: to afflict.--_adjs._ LAC'ERABLE, that may be lacerated; LAC'ERANT, harrowing; LAC'ERATE, -D, rent, torn: (_bot._) having the edges cut into irregular segments.--_n._ LACER[=A]'TION, act of lacerating: the rent made by tearing.--_adj._ LAC'ERATIVE, tearing: having power to tear. [L. _lacer[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to tear--_lacer_, torn.]

LACERTA, la-s[.e]r'ta, _n._ a genus of saurian reptiles, the name properly restricted to slender, active lizards.--_n._ and _adj._ LACER'TIAN, an animal belonging to the genus Lacerta.--_n._ LACERTIL'IA, an order of reptiles, including the lizards proper, &c.--_adjs._ LACERTIL'IAN; LACERTIL'IOID; LACER'TINE. [L.]

LACHES, läsh'[=e]z, _n._ (_law_) negligence or undue delay, such as to disentitle a person to a certain remedy, any negligence. [O. Fr. _lachesse_.]

LACHESIS, lak'e-sis, _n._ the one of the three Fates who assigned to each mortal his destiny--she spun the thread of life from the distaff held by Clotho. [Gr.]

LACHRYMAL, LACRYMAL, lak'ri-mal, _adj._ of or pertaining to tears, secreting tears, as in 'lachrymal duct,' the nasal duct, conveying tears from the eye to the nose.--_n._ one of the bones of the face, the _os unguis_, or nail-bone, in man.--_adj._ LACH'RYMARY, containing tears.--_n._ LACH'RYM[=A]TORY, a small slender glass vessel found in ancient sepulchres, apparently filled with the tears of mourners.--_adj._ LACH'RYMOSE, LAC'RYMOSE, shedding tears, or given to do so: lugubrious, mournful.--_adv._ LACH'RYMOSELY.--LACHRYMA CHRISTI, a wine of a sweet but piquant taste, produced from grapes grown on Mount Vesuvius, the best light red. [L. _lacryma_ (properly _lacrima_), a tear; Gr. _dakru_, Eng. _tear_.]

LACING, l[=a]s'ing, _n._ a fastening with a lace or cord through eyelet-holes: a cord used in fastening: in bookbinding, the cords by which the boards of a book are fastened to the back: in shipbuilding, the _knee of the head_, or _lace-piece_, a piece of compass or knee timber secured to the back of the figure-head: in mining, _lagging_, or cross-pieces of timber or iron placed to prevent ore from falling into a passage.

LACINIA, l[=a]-sin'i-a, _n._ a long incision in a leaf, &c.--also a narrow lobe resulting from such: in entomology, the apex of the maxilla.--_adjs._ LACIN'I[=A]TE, -D, cut into narrow lobes, fringed; LACIN'IFORM, fringe-like; LACIN'IOL[=A]TE, finely fringed. [L., a flap.]

LACK, lak, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to want: to be in want: to be destitute of: to miss.--_n._ want: destitution.--_ns._ LACK'-ALL, one who is destitute; LACK'-BRAIN (_Shak._), a fool.--_adjs._ LACK'-LIN'EN (_Shak._), wanting linen; LACK'-LUS'TRE, wanting brightness.--_n._ a want of brightness. [From an old Low Ger. root found in Dut. _lak_, blemish; cf. Ice. _lakr_, defective.]

LACKADAISICAL, lak-a-d[=a]'zi-kal, _adj._ affectedly pensive, sentimental.--_interj._ LACK'ADAISY=LACK-A-DAY. [_Alack-a-day_. See ALACK.]

LACK-A-DAY, lak-a-d[=a]', _interj._ See ALACK-A-DAY.

LACKER. See LACQUER.

LACKEY, lak'i, _n._ a menial attendant: a footman or footboy.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to pay servile attendance: to act as a footman. [O. Fr. _laquay_ (Fr. _laquais_)--Sp. _lacayo_, a lackey; perh. Ar. _luka`_, servile.]

LACMUS, lak'mus, _n._ the same as LITMUS (q.v.).

LACONIC, -AL, la-kon'ik, -al, _adj._ expressing in few words after the manner of the _Laconians_, _Lacedæmonians_, or _Spartans_: concise: pithy.--_adv._ LACON'ICALLY.--_ns._ LAC'ONISM, LACON'ICISM, a concise style: a short, pithy phrase. [L.,--Gr.]

LACQUER, LACKER, lak'[.e]r, _n._ a varnish made of lac and alcohol.--_v.t._ to cover with lacquer: to varnish.--_ns._ LAC'QUERER, one who varnishes or covers with lacquer; LAC'QUERING, the act of varnishing with lacquer: a coat of lacquer varnish. [Fr. _lacre_--Port. _lacre_, _laca_--Pers. _lac_, lac.]

LACROSSE, la-kros', _n._ a Canadian game of ball, played by two sets of eleven, the ball driven through the opponents' goal by means of the CROSSE, a bent stick, 5-6 ft. long, with a shallow net at one end. [Fr.]

LACTEAL, lak'te-al, _adj._ pertaining to or resembling milk: conveying chyle.--_n._ one of the absorbent vessels of the intestines which convey the chyle to the thoracic ducts.--_ns._ LAC'TARENE, LAC'TARINE, a preparation of the caseine of milk, used by calico-printers; LAC'T[=A]TE, a salt of lactic acid, and a base; LACT[=A]'TION, the act of giving milk: the period of suckling.--_adj._ LAC'TEOUS, milky, milk-like.--_n._ LACTESC'ENCE.--_adjs._ LACTESC'ENT, turning to milk: producing milk or white juice: milky; LAC'TIC, pertaining to milk; LACTIF'EROUS, LACTIF'IC, producing milk or white juice.--_ns._ LAC'TIFUGE, a medicine which checks the flow of milk; LAC'TOCRITE, an apparatus for testing the quantity of fatty substance in a sample of milk; LACTOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the quality of milk; LAC'TOSCOPE, an instrument for testing the purity or richness of milk by its degree of translucency; LAC'TOSE, a kind of sugar, only moderately sweet, obtained from milk by evaporating whey--also LAC'TINE; LACTUCA (lak-t[=u]'ka), a genus of herbs of the aster family, with milky juice.--_adj._ LACTUCIC (lak-t[=u]'sik).--LACTIC ACID, an acid obtained from milk. [L. _lacteus_, milky--_lac_, _lactis_, milk; Gr. _gala_, _galaktos_, milk.]

LACUNA, la-k[=u]'na, _n._ a gap or hiatus:--_pl._ LAC[=U]'NÆ.--_n._ LAC[=U]'NAR, a sunken panel or coffer in a ceiling or a soffit: a ceiling containing such.--_adjs._ LAC[=U]'NOSE, furrowed: pitted; LAC[=U]'NOUS. [L. _lacuna_, anything hollow--_lacus_, a lake.]

LACUSTRINE, la-kus'trin, _adj._ pertaining to lakes.--Also LACUS'TRAL, LACUS'TRIAN. [From L. _lacus_, a lake.]

LAD, lad, _n._ a boy: a youth: (_Scot._) a lover:--_fem._ LASS.--_n._ LAD'DIE, a little lad: a boy.--LAD'S LOVE, a provincial name of the southernwood. [M. E. _ladde_--Ir. _lath_, a youth, champion (W. _llawd_). Mr H. Bradley suggests that M. E. _ladde_, a servant, coincides with the adjectival form of the past participle of the verb to _lead_, the original meaning thus being 'one _led_ in the train of a lord.']

LADANUM, lad'a-num, _n._ a resinous exudation from the leaves of a shrub growing round the Mediterranean.--Also LAB'DANUM. [L.,--Gr. _l[=e]danon_--Pers. _l[=a]dan_. See LAUDANUM.]

LADDER, lad'[.e]r, _n._ a frame made with steps placed between two upright pieces, by which one may ascend a building, &c.: anything by which one ascends: a gradual rise. [A.S. _hl['æ]der_; Ger. _leiter_.]

LADE, l[=a]d, _v.t._ to burden: to throw in or out, as a fluid, with a ladle or dipper.--_n._ (_Scot._) a load: a water-course: the mouth of a river.--_n._ LAD'ING, the act of loading: that which is loaded: cargo: freight. [A.S. _hladan_, pt. _hlód_, _hladen_, to load, to draw out water; Dut. _laden_; Ger. _be-laden_.]

LADIN, la-d[=e]n', _n._ a Romance tongue spoken in the Engadine valley in Switzerland and the upper Inn valley in Tyrol. [L. _Latinus_, Latin.]

LADINO, la-d[=e]'n[=o], _n._ the old Castilian tongue: the Spanish jargon of some Turkish Jews: a Central American of mixed white and Indian blood.

LADLE, l[=a]d'l, _n._ a large spoon for lifting out liquid from a vessel: the float-board of a mill-wheel: an instrument for drawing the charge from a cannon.--_v.t._ to lift with a ladle.--_ns._ LAD'LEFUL, the quantity in a ladle:--_pl._ LAD'LEFULS.--LADLE FURNACE, a small gas furnace heated by a Bunsen burner, for melting metals, &c. [A.S. _hlædel_--_hladan_, to lade.]

LADRONE, la-dr[=o]n', _n._ a robber. [Sp.,--L. _latro_.]

LADY, l[=a]'di, _n._ the mistress of a house: a wife: a title of the wives of knights, and all degrees above them, and of the daughters of earls and all higher ranks: a title of complaisance to any woman of refined manners:--_pl._ LADIES (l[=a]'diz).--_ns._ L[=A]'DYBIRD, a genus of little beetles, usually brilliant red or yellow--also L[=A]'DYBUG, L[=A]'DYCOW; L[=A]'DY-CHAP'EL, a chapel dedicated to 'Our Lady,' the Virgin Mary, usually behind the high altar, at the extremity of the apse; L[=A]'DYDAY, the 25th March, the day of the Annunciation of the Virgin; L[=A]'DYFERN, one of the prettiest varieties of British ferns, common in moist woods, with bipinnate fronds sometimes two feet long; L[=A]'DY-FLY (same as LADYBIRD); L[=A]'DYHOOD, condition, character of a lady.--_adj._ L[=A]'DYISH, having the airs of a fine lady.--_ns._ L[=A]'DYISM, affectation of the airs of a fine lady; L[=A]'DY-KILL'ER, a man who fancies his fascinations irresistible to women: a general lover.--_adj._ L[=A]'DY-LIKE, like a lady in manners: refined: soft, delicate.--_ns._ L[=A]DY-LOVE, a lady or woman loved: a sweetheart; L[=A]DY'S-BED'STRAW, the plant _Galium verum_; L[=A]'DY'S-BOW'ER, the only British species of clematis--also _Traveller's joy_; L[=A]'DY'S-FING'ER, a name for many plants: a piece of confectionery; L[=A]'DYSHIP, the title of a lady; L[=A]'DY'S-MAID, a female attendant on a lady, esp. in matters relating to the toilet; L[=A]DY'S-MAN'TLE, a genus of herbaceous plants having small, yellowish-green flowers; L[=A]'DY'S-SLIPP'ER, a genus of orchidaceous plants, remarkable for the large inflated lip of the corolla; L[=A]'DY'S-SMOCK, the Bitter Cress, a meadow-plant, with whitish, blush-coloured flowers.--LADIES' COMPANION, a small bag used for carrying women's work; LADIES' MAN, one fond of women's society.--MY LADYSHIP, YOUR LADYSHIP, a form of expression used in speaking to, or of, one who has the rank of a lady. [A.S. _hláf-dige_--_hláf_, a loaf, _d['æ]gee_, a kneader, or=_hláfweardige_ (i.e. loaf-keeper, see _ward_), and thus a contr. fem. of _Lord_.]

LÆTARE, l[=e]-t[=a]'r[=e], _n._ the fourth Sunday in Lent, named from the first word in the service for the festival. [L. _læt[=a]re_, to rejoice--_lætus_, joyful.]

LAG, lag, _adj._ slack: sluggish: coming behind.--_n._ he who, or that which, comes behind: the fag-end: (_slang_) an old convict.--_v.i._ to move or walk slowly: to loiter.--_v.t._ (_slang_) to commit to justice:--_pr.p._ lag'ging; _pa.p._ lagged.--_adj._ LAG'-BELL'IED, having a drooping belly.--_n._ LAG'-END (_Shak._), the last or long-delayed end.--_adj._ LAG'GARD, lagging: slow: backward.--_ns._ LAG'GARD, LAG'GER, one who lags behind: a loiterer: an idler.--_adv._ LAG'GINGLY, in a lagging manner. [Celt., as W. _llag_, loose, Gael. _lag_, feeble; cf. L. _laxus_, loose.]

LAGENA, la-j[=e]'na, _n._ a wine-vase, amphora: the terminal part of the cochlea in birds and reptiles:--_pl._ LAG[=E]'NÆ. [L.]

LAGER-BEER, lä'ger-b[=e]r, _n._ a kind of light beer very much used in Germany.--Also LA'GER. [Ger. _lagerbier_--_lager_, a store-house, _bier_, beer.]

LAGGEN, lag'en, _n._ (_Burns_) the angle between the side and bottom of a wooden dish.

LAGOMYS, l[=a]-g[=o]'mis, _n._ a genus of rodents, much resembling hares or rabbits. [Gr. _lag[=o]s_, a hare, _mys_, a mouse.]

LAGOON, LAGUNE, la-g[=oo]n', _n._ a shallow pond into which the sea flows. [It. _laguna_--L. _lacuna_.]

LAGOPHTHALMIA, lag-of-thal'mi-a, _n._ inability to close the eye.--_adj._ LAGOPHTHAL'MIC.

LAGOPUS, la-g[=o]'pus, _n._ a genus of grouse, the ptarmigans.--_adj._ LAGOP'ODOUS, having furry feet.--_n._ LAGOS'TOMA, hare-lip.--_adj._ LAG[=O]'TIC, rabbit-eared.

LAGRIMOSO, lag-ri-m[=o]'s[=o], _adj._ (_mus._) plaintive. [It.]

LAGTHING, läg'ting, _n._ the upper house of the Norwegian parliament. [Norw. _lag_, law, _thing_, parliament.]

LAIC, LAICAL, LAICISE. See LAY, _adj._

LAID, l[=a]d, _adj._ put down, prostrate: pressed down.--LAID PAPER, such as shows in its fabric the marks of the close parallel wires on which the paper-pulp was laid in the process of its manufacture:--opp. to _Wove-paper_, that laid on woven flannels or on felts. [Pa.t. and pa.p. of LAY.]

LAIDLY, l[=a]d'li, _adj._ (_prov._) loathly.

LAIN, _pa.p._ of LIE, to rest.

LAIR, l[=a]r, _n._ a lying-place, esp. the den or retreat of a wild beast: (_Scot._) the ground for one grave in a burying-place. [A.S. _leger_, a couch--_licgan_, to lie down; Dut. _leger_, Ger. _lager_.]

LAIR, l[=a]r, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to sink in mud.--_n._ mire, a bog, a quagmire. [Ice. _leir_, mud.]

LAIRD, l[=a]rd, _n._ (_Scot._) a landed proprietor, a landlord.--_n._ LAIRD'SHIP, an estate. [_Lord._]

LAISSEZ-FAIRE, l[=a]s'[=a]-f[=a]r', _n._ a letting alone, a general principle of non-interference with the free action of the individual: the let-alone principle in government, business, &c.--Also LAISS'ER-FAIRE'. [Fr. _laisser_--L. _lax[=a]re_, to relax, _faire_--L. _fac[)e]re_, to do.]

LAITY, l[=a]-'i-ti, _n._ the people as distinct from the clergy. [See LAY, _adj._]

LAKE, l[=a]k, _n._ a pigment or colour formed by precipitating animal or vegetable colouring matters from their solutions, chiefly with alumina or oxide of tin. [Fr. _laque_. See LAC (2).]

LAKE, l[=a]k, _n._ a large body of water within land.--_ns._ LAKE'-B[=A]'SIN, the whole area drained by a lake; LAKE'-LAW'YER (_U.S._), the bowfin: burbot; LAKE'LET, a little lake; L[=A]'KER, L[=A]'KIST, one of the Lake school of poetry.--_adj._ L[=A]'KY, pertaining to a lake or lakes.--LAKE DISTRICT, the name applied to the picturesque and mountainous region within the counties of Cumberland, Westmorland, and a small portion of Lancashire, containing as many as sixteen lakes or meres; LAKE DWELLINGS, settlements in prehistoric times, built on piles driven into a lake; LAKE SCHOOL OF POETRY, a name applied to the group of illustrious poets who made the Lake District--_Wordsworthshire_--their home about the beginning of the 19th century. [A.S. _lac_--L. _lacus_.]

LAKH, _n._ See LAC, term used for 100,000.

LAKIN, l[=a]'kin, _n._ (_Shak._) a corruption of _ladykin_, dim. of _lady_.

LAKSHMI, laksh'm[=e], _n._ in Hindu mythology, the name of the consort of the god Vishnu (q.v.), considered as his female or creative energy.

LALLAN, lal'an, _n._ the Scotch dialect. [_Lowland_.]

LALLATION, la-l[=a]'shon, _n._ lambdacism (q.v.).

LAM, lam, _v.t._ to beat. [Ice. _lemja_, to beat.]

LAMA, _n._ an animal. [See LLAMA.]

LAMA, lä'ma, _n._ a Buddhist priest in Tibet.--_ns._ LÄ'MAISM, the religion prevailing in Tibet and Mongolia, being Buddhism corrupted by Sivaism, and by Shamanism or spirit-worship; LÄ'MAIST; LÄ'MASERY, a Tibetan monastery. [Tib.]

LAMANTIN, la-man'tin, _n._ the manatee. [Fr.]

LAMARCKISM, la-mär'kizm, _n._ the theory of the French naturalist, J. B. P. A. de Monet de _Lamarck_ (1744-1829), that species have developed by the efforts of organisms to adapt themselves to new conditions--also LAMARCK'IANISM.---_adj._ LAMARCK'IAN.

LAMB, lam, _n._ the young of a sheep: the flesh of the young sheep: one innocent and gentle as a lamb: the Saviour of the world.--_v.i._ to bring forth young, as sheep.--_ns._ LAMB'-ALE, a feast at the time of lamb-shearing; LAMB'KIN, LAMB'LING, LAMB'IE (_Scot._), a little lamb.--_adj._ LAMB'-LIKE, like a lamb: gentle.--_ns._ LAMB'SKIN, the skin of a lamb dressed with the wool on, for mats, &c.: the skin of a lamb dressed for gloves: a kind of woollen cloth resembling this; LAMB'S'-LETT'UCE (same as CORN-SALAD); LAMB'S'-WOOL, fine wool: a wholesome old English beverage composed of ale and the pulp of roasted apples, with sugar and spices.--THE LAMB, LAMB OF GOD, the Saviour, typified by the paschal lamb. [A.S. _lamb_; Ger. _lamm_, Dut. _lam_.]

LAMBATIVE, lam'ba-tiv, _adj._ to be taken by licking.--_n._ a medicine of such a kind.

LAMBDA, lam'da, _n._ the Greek letter corresponding to Roman _l_.--_n._ LAMB'DACISM, a too frequent use of words containing _l_: a defective pronunciation of _r_, making it like _l_.--_adjs._ LAMB'DOID, -AL, shaped like the Greek capital [GREEK: L]--applied in anatomy to the suture between the occipital and the two parietal bones of the skull. [Gr.,--Heb. _lamedh_.]

LAMBENT, lam'bent, _adj._ moving about as if touching lightly: gliding over: flickering.--_n._ LAM'BENCY, the quality of being lambent: that which is lambent. [L. _lambens_--_lamb[)e]re_, to lick.]

LAMBOYS, lam'boiz, _n.pl._ kilted flexible steel-plates worn skirt-like from the waist. [O. Fr.]

LAMBREQUIN, lam'bre-kin, _n._ a strip of cloth, leather, &c., hanging from a window, doorway, or mantelpiece, as a drapery: an ornamental covering, as of cloth, attached to a helmet. [Fr.]

LAME, l[=a]m, _adj._ disabled in the limbs: hobbling: unsatisfactory: imperfect.--_v.t._ to make lame: to cripple: to render imperfect.--_n._ LAME'-DUCK (_slang_), a bankrupt.--_adv._ LAME'LY.--_n._ LAME'NESS.--_adj._ LAM'ISH, a little lame: hobbling. [A.S. _lama_, lame; Dut. _lam_, Ger. _lahm_.]

LAMELLA, lä-mel'a, _n._ a thin plate or scale:--_pl._ LAMELL'Æ.--_adjs._ LAM'ELLAR, LAM'ELLATE.--_n.pl._ LAMELLIBRANCHI[=A]'TA, a class of shell-fishes or molluscs in which the shell consists of two limy plates, lying one on each side of the body.--_adjs._ LAMELLIBRANCH'IATE; LAMELL'ICORN.--_n.pl._ LAMELLICOR'NES, a very numerous family of beetles--the cockchafer, &c.--_adjs._ LAMELLIF'EROUS, producing lamellæ; LAMELL'IFORM, lamellar in form; LAMELLIROS'TRAL, having a lamellose bill; LAM'ELLOSE, full of lamellæ, lamellated in structure. [L.]

LAMENT, la-ment', _v.i._ to utter grief in outcries: to wail: to mourn.--_v.t._ to mourn for: to deplore.--_n._ sorrow expressed in cries: an elegy or mournful ballad.--_adj._ LAM'ENTABLE, deserving or expressing sorrow: sad: pitiful, despicable.--_adv._ LAM'ENTABLY.--_n._ LAMENT[=A]'TION, act of lamenting: audible expression of grief: wailing: (_pl._, _B._) a book of Jeremiah.--_p.adj._ LAMENT'ED, bewailed: mourned.--_adv._ LAMENT'INGLY, with lamentation. [Fr. _lamenter_--L. _lament[=a]ri_.]

LAMETER, LAMITER, l[=a]'met-[.e]r, _n._ a cripple.

LAMETTA, la-met'a, _n._ foil of gold, silver, &c. [It.]

LAMIA, l[=a]'mi-a, _n._ in Greek and Roman mythology, a female phantom, a serpent witch who charmed children and youths in order to suck their blood.

LAMIGER, lam'i-j[.e]r, _n._ (_prov._) a cripple.

LAMINA, lam'i-na, _n._ a thin plate: a thin layer or coat lying over another:--_pl._ LAM'INÆ.--_adjs._ LAM'INABLE; LAM'INAR, LAM'INARY, in laminæ or thin plates: consisting of, or resembling, thin plates.--_n._ LAMIN[=A]'RIA, a genus of dark-spored seaweeds, with large expanded leathery-stalked fronds.--_adjs._ LAM'IN[=A]TE, -D, in laminæ or thin plates: consisting of scales or layers, over one another.--_ns._ LAMIN[=A]'TION, the arrangement of stratified rocks in thin laminæ or layers.--_adjs._ LAMINIF'EROUS, consisting of laminæ or layers; LAM'INIFORM, laminar.--_n._ LAMIN[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the laminæ of a horse's hoof. [L. _lamina_, a thin plate, a leaf.]

LAMMAS, lam'as, _n._ the feast of first-fruits on 1st August.--_n._ LAMM'AS-TIDE, Lammas-day, 1st August. [A.S. _hláf-mæsse_ and _hlammæsse_--_hláf_, loaf, _mæsse_, feast.]

LAMMER, lam'[.e]r, _n._ (_Scot._) amber. [Fr. _l'ambre_.]

LAMMERGEIER, lam'm[.e]r-g[=i]-[.e]r, _n._ the great bearded vulture of the mountains of southern Europe, Asia, and northern Africa. [Ger. _lämmergeier_--_lämmer_, lambs, _geier_, vulture.]

LAMMY, lam'i, _n._ a thick quilted outside jumper worn in cold weather by sailors.--Also LAMM'IE.

LAMP, lamp, _n._ a vessel for burning oil with a wick, and so giving light: a light of any kind.--_v.i._ (_Spens._) to shine.--_ns._ LAMP'AD (_rare_), a lamp or candlestick, a torch; LAMP'ADARY, in the Greek Church, one who looks after the lamps and carries a lighted taper before the patriarch; LAMPADED'ROMY, an ancient Greek torch-race in honour of Prometheus, &c.; LAMP'ADIST, one who ran in a torch-race; LAMPAD'OMANCY, the art of divining by the flame of a lamp or torch; LAMP'BLACK, the black substance formed by the smoke of a lamp: the soot or amorphous carbon obtained by burning bodies rich in that element, such as resin, petroleum, and tar, or some of the cheap oily products obtained from it; LAMP'-BURN'ER, that part of a lamp in which the wick is held; LAMP'-CHIM'NEY, LAMP'-GLASS, a glass funnel placed round the flame of a lamp; LAMP'-FLY (_Browning_), a firefly.--_adj._ LAMP'IC, pertaining to, or derived from, a lamp or flame.--_ns._ LAMP'ION, a kind of small lamp; LAMP'-LIGHT, the light shed by a lamp or lamps; LAMP'-LIGHT'ER, a person employed to light street-lamps: that by which a lamp is lighted, as a spill or torch; LAMP'-POST, the pillar supporting a street-lamp; LAMP'-SHELL, a terebratuloid or related brachiopod having a shell like an antique lamp.--SMELL OF THE LAMP, to show signs of great elaboration or study. [Fr. _lampe_--Gr. _lampas_, _-ados_--_lampein_, to shine.]

LAMP, lamp, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to run wild, to scamper: to go jauntily.

LAMPAS, lam'pas, _n._ a material of silk and wool used in upholstery. [Fr.]

LAMPASS, lam'pas, _n._ (_Shak._) a swelling of the roof of the mouth in horses. [Fr. _lampas_.]

LAMPERN, lam'p[.e]rn, _n._ a river lamprey.

LAMPOON, lam-p[=oo]n', _n._ a personal satire in writing: low censure.--_v.t._ to assail with personal satire: to satirise:--_pr.p._ lamp[=oo]n'ing; _pa.p._ lamp[=oo]ned'.--_ns._ LAMPOON'ER, one who writes a lampoon; LAMPOON'RY, practice of lampooning: written personal abuse or satire. [O. Fr. _lampon_, orig. a drinking-song, with the refrain _lampons_=let us drink--_lamper_ (or _lapper_, to lap), to drink.]

LAMPREY, lam'pre, _n._ a genus of cartilaginous fishes resembling the eel, so called from their attaching themselves to rocks or stones by their mouths. [O. Fr. _lamproie_--Low L. _lampreda_, _lampetra_--L. _lamb[)e]re_, to lick, _petra_, rock.]

LANA, lä'na, _n._ the tough, close-grained wood of a Guiana tree.

LANATE, -D, l[=a]'n[=a]t, -ed, _adjs._ woolly: (_bot._) covered with a substance resembling wool.--_n._ L[=A]'NARY, a wool-store. [L. _lanatus_--_lana_, wool.]

LANCASTERIAN, lang-kas-t[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to Joseph _Lancaster_ (1778-1838), or the method of teaching younger pupils by those more advanced (_monitors_) in primary schools.

LANCASTRIAN, lang-kas'tri-an, _adj._ pertaining to the dukes or the royal house of _Lancaster_.--_n._ an adherent of the house of Lancaster, as against the Yorkists, in the Wars of the Roses (1455-85).

LANCE, lans, _n._ (_Spens._) balance, poise. [L. _lanx_, _lancis_, a dish or scale.]

LANCE, lans, _n._ a long shaft of wood, with a spear-head, and bearing a small flag: the bearer of a lance.--_v.t._ to pierce with a lance: to open with a lancet.--_ns._ LANCE'-COR'PORAL, a private soldier doing the duties of a corporal; LANCE'LET (see AMPHIOXUS); LAN'CER, a light cavalry soldier armed with a lance: (_pl._) a popular set of quadrilles, first in England about 1820: the music for such; LANCE'-WOOD, a wood valuable for its strength and elasticity, brought chiefly from Jamaica, Guiana, &c.--_adjs._ LANCIF'EROUS, bearing a lance; LAN'CIFORM, lance-shaped. [Fr.,--L. _lancea_; Gr. _longch[=e]_, a lance.]

LANCEGAY, lans'g[=a], _n._ (_obs._) a kind of spear. [O. Fr.,--_lance_, a lance, _zagaye_, a pike. See ASSAGAI.]

LANCEOLATE, -D, lan'se-o-l[=a]t, -ed, _adjs._ (_bot._) having the form of a lance-head: tapering toward both ends--also LAN'CEOLAR.--_adv._ LAN'CEOLATELY. [L. _lanceolatus_--_lanceola_, dim. of _lancea_.]

LANCET, lan'set, _n._ a surgical instrument used for opening veins, abscesses, &c.: a high and narrow window, terminating in an arch acutely pointed, often double or triple, common in the first half of the 13th century. [O. Fr. _lancette_, dim. of _lance_.]

LANCH. Same as LAUNCH.

LANCINATE, lan'sin-[=a]t, _v.t._ to lacerate.--_n._ LANCIN[=A]'TION, sharp, shooting pain. [L. _lancin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to tear.]

LAND, land, _n._ earth, the solid portion of the surface of the globe: a country: a district: soil: real estate: a nation or people: (_Scot._) a group of dwellings or tenements under one roof and having a common entry.--_v.t._ to set on land or on shore.--_v.i._ to come on land or on shore.--_ns._ LAND'-[=A]'GENT, a person employed by the owner of an estate to let farms, collect rents, &c.; LAND'-BREEZE, a breeze setting from the land towards the sea; LAND'-CRAB, a family of crabs which live much or chiefly on land.--_v.t._ LAND'DAMN (_Shak._), to banish from the land.--_adj._ LAND'ED, possessing land or estates: consisting in land or real estate.--_ns._ LAND'ER, one who lands; LAND'FALL, a landslip: an approach to land after a voyage, also the land so approached; LAND'-FISH (_Shak._), a fish on land, any one acting contrary to his usual character; LAND'-FLOOD, a flooding or overflowing of land by water: inundation; LAND'FORCE, a military force serving on land, as distinguished from a naval force; LAND'-GRAB'BER, one who acquires land by harsh and grasping means: one who is eager to occupy land from which others have been evicted; LAND'-GRAB'BING, the act of the land-grabber; LAND'-HERD, a herd of animals which feed on land; LAND'-HOLD'ER, a holder or proprietor of land; LAND'-HUNG'ER, greed for the acquisition of land; LAND'ING, act of going on land from a vessel: a place for getting on shore: the level part of a staircase between the flights of steps.--_adj._ relating to the unloading of a vessel's cargo.--_ns._ LAND'ING-NET, a kind of scoop-net for landing a fish that has been caught; LAND'ING-PLACE, a place for landing, as from a vessel; LAND'ING-STAGE, a platform for landing passengers or goods carried by water, often rising and falling with the tide; LAND'-JOB'BER, a speculator in land; LAND'-JOB'BING; LAND'LADY, a woman who has property in land or houses: the mistress of an inn or lodging-house.--_adj._ LAND'LESS (_Shak._), without land or property.--_v.t._ LAND'LOCK, to enclose by land.---_adj._ LAND'-LOCKED, almost shut in by land, protected by surrounding masses of land from the force of wind and waves.--_ns._ LAND'LORD, the owner of land or houses: the master of an inn or lodging-house; LAND'LORDISM, the authority or united action of the landholding class; LAND'-LUBB'ER, a landsman (a term used by sailors); LAND'MARK, anything serving to mark the boundaries of land: any object on land that serves as a guide to seamen: any distinguishing characteristic; LAND'-MEAS'URE, a system of square measure used in the measurement of land; LAND'-MEAS'URING, the art of estimating the superficial content of portions of land; LAND'-OWN'ER, one who owns land; LAND'-OWN'ERSHIP.--_adj._ LAND'-OWN'ING.--_ns._ LAND'-P[=I]'LOT, (_Milt._), a guide on land; LAND'-P[=I]'RATE, a highway robber: a fellow who makes a practice of swindling sailors in port; LAND'RAIL, the crake or corncrake, so named from its cry; LAND'-RAK'ER (_Shak._), a vagabond; LAND'-REEVE, the assistant to the land-steward of a great estate; LAND'-ROLL, a clod-crusher; LAND'-SCRIP (_U.S._), negotiable government certificate entitling to possession of certain public land by individuals or corporate bodies; LAND'-SHARK, a land-grabber: one who plunders sailors on shore; LAND'SKIP (same as LANDSCAPE); LAND'SLIDE, LAND'SLIP, a portion of land that falls down, generally from the side of a hill, usually due to the undermining effect of water; LANDS'MAN, LAND'MAN, one who lives or serves on land: one inexperienced in seafaring; LAND'-SPRING, water lying near the surface, easily drawn upon by shallow wells; LAND'-STEW'ARD, a person who manages a landed estate; LAND'-SURVEY'ING (see SURVEYING); LAND'-TAX, a tax upon land; LAND'-TURN, a land-breeze; LAND'-WAIT'ER, a custom-house officer who attends on the landing of goods from ships.--_adv._ LAND'WARD, toward the land.--_adj._ lying toward the land, away from the sea-coast: situated in or forming part of the country, as opposed to the town: rural.--_n._ LAND'WIND, a wind blowing off the land.--LAND LEAGUE, an association founded in Ireland by Michael Davitt in 1879, and organised by C. S. Parnell, to procure reduction and rearrangement of rents, and to promote the substitution of peasant-proprietors for landlords--condemned as an illegal conspiracy in 1881; LANDED INTEREST, the combined interest of the land-holding class in a community.--MAKE THE LAND, to discover the land as the ship approaches it; SET THE LAND, to observe by the compass how the shore bears from the ship. [A.S. _land_; Dut., Ger. _land_.]

LANDAMMAN, lan'dam-man, _n._ the president of the Swiss Diet: the head official in some Swiss cantons.

LANDAU, lan'daw, _n._ a coach or carriage with a top which may be opened and thrown back. [Ger. _landauer_, from Landau.]

LANDE, land, _n._ an uncultivated healthy plain, esp. a sandy track along the sea-shore in south-western France. [Fr.]

LANDGRAVE, land'gr[=a]v, _n._ a German graf, count, or earl:--_fem._ LANDGRAVINE (land'gra-v[=e]n).--_n._ LANDGR[=A]'VI[=A]TE, the territory of a landgrave. [Dut. _landgraaf_--_land_, land, _graaf_, count.]

LAND-LOUPER, land'-lowp'[.e]r, _n._ a vagabond or vagrant.--Also LAND'-LOP'ER. [Dut. _landloopen_--_land_, land, _loopen_, to ramble; cf. Ger. _landläufer_.]

LANDSCAPE, land'-sk[=a]p, _n._ the appearance of that portion of land which the eye can at once view; the aspect of a country, or a picture representing it.--_ns._ LAND'SCAPE-GAR'DENING, the art of laying out grounds and so disposing water, buildings, trees, and other plants as to produce the effect of a picturesque landscape; LAND'SCAPE-PAINT'ER, one who practises this form of art; LAND'SCAPE-PAINT'ING, the art of representing natural scenery by painting. [Dut. _landschap_, from _land_ and _-schap_, a suffix=_-ship_.]

LANDSTHING, läns'ting, _n._ the upper house of the Danish Rigsdag or parliament. [Dan., _land_, land, _thing_, parliament.]

LANDSTURM, lant'st[=oo]rm, _n._ in Germany and Switzerland, a general levy in time of national emergency--in the former including all males between seventeen and forty-five: the force so called out. [Ger., _land_, land, _sturm_, alarm.]

LANDTAG, lant'tahh, _n._ the legislative assembly of one of the states forming the modern German empire, as Saxony, Bavaria, &c.: the provincial assembly of Bohemia or Moravia. [Ger., _land_, country, _tag_, diet, day.]

LANDWEHR, länt'v[=a]r, _n._ a military force in Germany and Austria forming an army reserve. [Ger., _land_, land, _wehr_, defence.]

LANE, l[=a]n, _n._ an open space between corn-fields, hedges, &c.: a narrow passage or road: a narrow street: a fixed route kept by a line of vessels across the ocean.--A BLIND LANE, a cul-de-sac. [A.S. _lane_; Scot, _loan_, _lonnin_.]

LANE, l[=a]n, a Scotch form of _lone_, _alone_,

LANG, a Scotch form of _long_.--_n._ LANG'SYNE, time long past.--THINK LANG, to weary.

LANGAHA, lan-gä'hä, _n._ a Madagascar wood-snake, with a flexible scaly extension on the snout.

LANGET, lang'get, _n._ a strong lace used in women's dress in Holland.

LANGSHAN, lang'shan, _n._ a small black Chinese hen.

LANGSPIEL, lang'sp[=e]l, _n._ a Shetland form of harp.

LANGUAGE, lang'gw[=a]j, _n._ that which is spoken by the tongue: human speech: speech peculiar to a nation: style or expression peculiar to an individual: diction: any manner of expressing thought.--_v.t._ to express in language.--_adjs._ LANG'UAGED, skilled in language; LANG'UAGELESS (_Shak._), speechless, silent; LANG'UED (_her._), furnished with a tongue.--DEAD LANGUAGE, one no longer spoken, as opp. to LIVING LANGUAGE, one still spoken; FLASH LANGUAGE (see FLASH). [Fr. _langage_--_langue_--L. _lingua_ (old form _dingua_), the tongue, akin to L. _ling[=e]re_, Gr. _leichein_.]

LANGUE D'OC, long dok, _n._ collective name for the Romance dialects spoken in the Middle Ages from the Alps to the Pyrenees--the tongue of the troubadours, often used as synonymous with Provençal, one of its chief branches. The name itself survived in the province LANGUEDOC, giving name to a class of wines.--LANGUE D'OUI (long dw[=e]), also LANGUE D'OIL, the Romance dialect of northern France, the language of the trouvères, the dominant factor in the formation of modern French. [O. Fr. _langue_--L. _lingua_, tongue; _de_, of; Prov. _oc_, yes--L. _hoc_, this; O. Fr. _oui_, _oïl_, yes--L. _hoc illud_, this (is) that, yes.]

LANGUETTE, lang'get, _n._ a 16th-century hood worn by women: the tongue of a reed of a harmonium or reed-organ: a key of a wind-instrument. [Fr.]

LANGUID, lang'gwid, _adj._ slack or feeble: flagging: exhausted: sluggish: spiritless.--_adj._ LANGUESC'ENT, growing languid.--_adv._ LANG'UIDLY.--_n._ LANG'UIDNESS. [Fr.,--L. _languidus_--_langu[=e]re_, to be weak.]

LANGUISH, lang'gwish, _v.i._ to become languid or enfeebled: to lose strength and animation: to pine: to become dull, as of trade.--_n._ (_Shak._) languishment.--_adjs._ LANG'UISHED, sunken in languor; LANG'UISHING, expressive of languor, or merely sentimental emotion.--_adv._ LANG'UISHINGLY.--_n._ LANG'UISHMENT, the act or state of languishing: tenderness of look. [Fr. _languir_, _languiss-_,--L. _languesc[)e]re_--_langu[=e]re_, to be faint.]

LANGUOR, lang'gwur, _n._ state of being languid or faint: dullness: listlessness: softness.--_adj._ LANG'UOROUS, full of languor: tedious: melancholy.--_v.t._ LANG'URE (_Spens._), to languish.

LANIARD. Same as LANYARD.

LANIARY, l[=a]'ni-a-ri, _n._ a place of slaughter: shambles.--_adj._ fitted for lacerating or tearing. [L. _laniarium_--_lanius_, a butcher.]

LANIFEROUS, lan-if'[.e]r-us, _adj._ wool-bearing.--Also LANIG'EROUS. [L. _lanifer_, _laniger_--_lana_, wool, _ferre_, _ger[)e]re_, to bear.]

LANK, langk, _adj._ languid or drooping: soft or loose: thin: shrunken: straight and flat.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) to become lank.--_adv._ LANK'LY.--_n._ LANK'NESS.--_adj._ LANK'Y, lank and tall. [A.S. _hlanc_; Dut. _slank_, Ger. _schlank_, slender.]

LANNER, lan'[.e]r, _n._ a kind of falcon.--_n._ LANN'ARET, the male bird. [Fr. _lanier_--L. _laniarius_.]

LANOLIN, lan'[=o]-lin, _n._ an unctuous substance, a mixture of the ethers of cholesterin with fatty acids, used as a basis for ointments, extracted from wool. [L. _lana_, wool, _oleum_, oil.]

LANSQUENET, lans'ke-net, _n._ a 16th-17th cent. mercenary pikeman: a game at cards. [Fr.,--Ger. _landsknecht_--_land_, country, _knecht_, a soldier.]

LANT, lant, _n._ stale urine, used in wool-scouring.

LANTERLOO, lant'[.e]r-l[=oo], _n._ a game at cards, commonly _Loo_. [Dut. _lanterlu_.]

LANTERN, lant'[.e]rn, _n._ a case for holding or carrying a light, the light chamber of a lighthouse: an ornamental structure surmounting a dome to give light and to crown the fabric: the upper square cage which illuminates a corridor or gallery--obs. form, LANT'HORN, from the use of horn for the sides of lanterns.--_v.t._ to furnish with a lantern.--_n._ LANT'ERN-FLY, any insect of family _Fulgoridæ_, supposed to emit a strong light in the dark.--_adj._ LANT'ERN-JAWED, thin-faced.--_n.pl._ LANT'ERN-JAWS, thin long jaws.--LANTERN OF THE DEAD, a tower having a small lighted chamber at the top, once common in French cemeteries; LANTERN WHEEL, a kind of cog-wheel, in which a circle of bars or spindles between two heads engages with the cogs of a spur-wheel.--CHINESE LANTERN, a collapsible paper lantern, generally decorated with flowers; DARK LANTERN, a lantern having an opaque slide, capable of being partly or wholly shut at pleasure; MAGIC LANTERN, an optical instrument by means of which magnified images of small pictures are thrown upon a wall or screen. [Fr. _lanterne_--L. _lanterna_--Gr. _lampt[=e]r_--_lampein_, to give light.]

LANTHANUM, lan'tha-num, _n._ a metal discovered in 1839 in cerite, a hydrated silicate of cerium.--Also LAN'TH[=A]NIUM. [Gr. _lanthanein_, to conceal.]

LANUGINOUS, la-n[=u]'jin-us, _adj._ downy: covered with fine soft hair.--_n._ LAN[=U]'GO. [Fr.,--L. _lanuginosus_--_lanugo_, down, _lana_, wool.]

LANX, lanks, _n._ a platter or dish for serving meat at a Roman table:--_pl._ LAN'CES. [L.]

LANYARD, LANIARD, lan'yard, _n._ a short rope used on board ship for fastening or stretching, or for convenience in handling articles. [Fr. _lanière_, perh. from L. _lanarius_, made of wool--_lana_, wool.]

LAOCOÖN, l[=a]-ok'-o-on, _n._ a famous antique group in marble in the Vatican, representing the Trojan priest _Laocoön_ and his two sons being crushed in the folds of two enormous serpents.

LAODICEAN, l[=a]-od-i-s[=e]'an, _adj._ lukewarm in religion, like the Christians of _Laodicea_ (Rev. iii. 14-16).--_n._ LAODIC[=E]'ANISM, lukewarmness in religion.

LAP, lap, _v.t._ to lick up with the tongue: to wash or flow against.--_v.i._ to drink by licking up a liquid: to make a sound of such a kind:--_pr.p._ lap'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ lapped.--_n._ a motion or sound like lapping. [A.S. _lapian_; Low Ger. _lappen_; L. _lamb[)e]re_, Gr. _laptein_.]

LAP, lap, _n._ the loose or overhanging flap of anything: the part of a substance extending over or partly over the rear of another, or the extent of such extension: the part of the clothes lying on the knees when a person sits down: the part of the body thus covered, esp. with reference to nursing, &c.: a fold: a course or round of the track, as in foot-racing, &c.: at euchre, &c., a carrying over to the next game of a surplus of points from the last: the space over which a steam-engine slide-valve travels after the closing of the steam-passage to or from the cylinder: a rotating disc of lead, copper, leather, &c., charged with an abrasive powder, used in cutting gems, &c.--_v.t._ to lay over or on.--_v.i._ to be spread on or over: to be turned over or upon.--_ns._ LAP'-BOARD, a flat wide board resting on the lap, used by tailors and seamstresses; LAP'-DOG, a small dog fondled in the lap: a pet dog; LAP'FUL, as much as fills a lap.--_adj._ LAP'-JOINT'ED, having joints formed by overlapping edges.--_ns._ LAP'-STONE, a stone which shoemakers hold in the lap to hammer leather on; LAP'-STREAK, a clinker-built boat--also _adj._; LAP'WORK, work containing lap-joints. [A.S. _læppa_, a loosely hanging part; Ice. _lapa_, to hang loose, Ger. _lappen_, a rag.]

LAP, lap, _v.t._ to wrap, fold, involve.--_ns._ LAP'PER, one who wraps or folds: in cotton manufacturing, a machine which compacts the scutched cotton into a fleece upon the surface of a roller called a lap-roller; LAP'PING, the process of forming a lap or fleece of fibrous material for the carding-machine: the rubbing or polishing of a metal surface: the process of rubbing away the _lands_, or metal between the grooves of a rifled gun, to increase the bore. [M. E. _wlappen_, being a form of _wrap_.]

LAPEL, LAPPEL, LAPELLE, la-pel', _n._ the part of the breast of a coat which laps over and is folded back.--_adj._ LAPELLED'. [Dim. of _lap_.]

LAPIDARY, lap'i-dar-i, _adj._ pertaining to stones and the cutting of stones: pertaining to inscriptions and monuments.--_n._ a cutter of stones, esp. precious stones: a dealer in precious stones--also LAPID[=A]'RIAN, LAP'IDARIST, LAP'IDIST.--_v.t._ LAP'IDATE (_rare_), to pelt with stones.--_n._ LAPID[=A]'TION, punishment by stoning.--_adj._ LAPID'EOUS, stony.--_n._ LAPIDESC'ENCE.--_adj._ LAPIDESC'ENT, becoming stone: petrifying.--_adj._ LAPIDIF'IC.--_n._ LAPIDIFIC[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ LAPID'IFY, to make into stone.--_v.i._ to turn into stone:--_pr.p._ lapid'ifying; _pa.p._ lapid'ified.--_adj._ LAPIL'LIFORM, having the form of small stones.--_ns._ LAPIL'LUS, a fragment of lava ejected from a volcano:--_pl._ LAPIL'LI; L[=A]'PIS, a kind of calico-printing with indigo, the resists acting as methods for other dyes, as madder or quercitron; L[=A]'PIS-LAZ'ULI, a mineral of beautiful ultramarine colour, used largely in ornamental and mosaic work, and for sumptuous altars and shrines.--LAPIS-LAZULI BLUE, a deep blue, sometimes veined with gold, used in decoration, and in the manufacture of Sèvres and Oriental porcelain; LAPIS-LAZULI WARE, the name given by Josiah Wedgwood to a particular pebble ware veined with gold upon blue. [L. _lapidarius_--_lapis_, _lapidis_, a stone.]

LAPP, lap, _n._ a Laplander.--_n._ LAP'LANDER, a native or inhabitant of _Lapland_.--_adjs._ LAP'LANDISH; LAPP'ISH.--_n._ the language of the Lapps.

LAPPER-MILK, lap'[.e]r-milk, _n._ (_Scot._) loppered or curdled milk. [Same word as _lopper_ (_obs._)--M. E. _loper_, curdled, prob. conn. with A.S. _hléapan_, to leap, run. Cf. _rennet_, _runnet_, from _run_.]

LAPPET, lap'et, _n._ a little lap or flap.--_adj._ LAPP'ETED.--_n._ LAPP'ET-HEAD, a head-dress made with lappets for lace pendants. [Dim. of _lap_.]

LAPSE, laps, _v.i._ to slip or glide: to pass by degrees: to fall from the faith or from virtue: to fail in duty: to pass to another proprietor, &c., by the negligence of a patron, to become void: to lose certain privileges by neglect of the necessary conditions.--_n._ a slipping or falling: a failing in duty: a fault.--_adj._ LAP'SABLE.--THE LAPSED, the name applied in the early Christian Church to those who, overcome by heathen persecution, fell away from the faith. [L. _labi_, _lapsus_, to slip or fall, _lapsus_, a fall, akin to _lap_.]

LAPUTAN, la-p[=u]'tan, _adj._ pertaining to _Laputa_, a flying island described in Swift's _Gulliver's Travels_ as inhabited by all sorts of ridiculous projectors: absurd: chimerical.

LAPWING, lap'wing, _n._ the name of a bird of the plover family, also called _peewit_, from its peculiar cry. [M. E. _lappewinke_--A.S. _hleápewince_--_hleápan_, to leap or run, and root of _wink_, to turn.]

LAR, lär, _n._ one of a class of local deities, originally Etruscan, but in Roman usage usually regarded as the tutelary deities of a house:--_pl._ LARES (l[=a]'r[=e]z). [L.]

LAR, lär, _n._ an Etruscan title, really peculiar to the eldest son, but often mistaken for an integral part of the name.--Also LARS. [L.,--Etruscan _larth_, lord.]

LARBOARD, lär'b[=o]rd (by sailors, lab'erd), _n._ an obsolete naval term for the left side of a ship looking from the stern, now, by command of the Admiralty, replaced by the term _port_, to prevent the mistakes caused by its resemblance in sound to starboard.--_adj._ pertaining to the port or left side. [Perh. for a conjectural _lade-bord_, the lading-side--_lade_, a load, _bord_, board, side.]

LARCENY, lär'sen-i, _n._ the legal term in England and Ireland for stealing: theft.--_n._ LAR'CENIST, one who commits larceny: a thief.--_adj._ LAR'CENOUS.--_adv._ LAR'CENOUSLY.--GRAND LARCENY, in England, larceny of property of the value of one shilling or more; PETTY LARCENY, larceny of property less in value than one shilling; SIMPLE LARCENY, as opposed to _Compound larceny_, is larceny uncombined with aggravating circumstances. [O. Fr. _larrecin_ (Fr. _larcin_)--L. _latrocinium_--_latro_, a robber.]

LARCH, lärch, _n._ a genus (_Larix_) of coniferous trees, distinct from firs (_Abies_), with perfectly erect and regularly tapering stem, small branches, numerous small leaves deciduous and clustered, growing rapidly, and yielding good timber. [L.,--Gr. _larix_.]

LARD, lärd, _n._ the melted fat of the hog.--_v.t._ to smear with lard: to stuff with bacon or pork: to fatten: to mix with anything.--_adj._ LARD[=A]'CEOUS.--_ns._ LARD'-OIL, a lubricating and illuminating oil expressed from lard; LAR'DON, LAR'DOON, a strip of bacon used for larding.--_adj._ LAR'DY. [O. Fr.,--L. _laridum_, _lardum_; cf. Gr. _larinos_, fat, _laros_, sweet.]

LARDER, lärd'[.e]r, _n._ a room or place where meat, &c., is kept: stock of provisions.--_n._ LARD'ERER, one who has charge of a larder. [O. Fr. _lardier_, a bacon-tub--L. _lardum_.]

LARE, l[=a]r, _n._ obsolete form of _lore_, and of _lair_.

LARGE, larj, _adj._ great in size: extensive: bulky: wide: long: abundant: liberal: diffuse: (_Shak._, of language) free, licentious.--_adv._ (_naut._) before the wind.--_adjs._ LARGE'-[=A]'CRED, possessing much land; LARGE'-HAND'ED, having large hands: grasping, greedy: profuse; LARGE'-HEART'ED, having a large heart or liberal disposition: generous.--_adv._ LARGE'LY.--_adj._ LARGE'-MIND'ED, characterised by breadth of view.--_ns._ LARGE'NESS; LAR'GET, a length of iron cut from a bar and of proper size to roll into a sheet.--AT LARGE, without restraint or confinement: fully: as a whole, altogether. [Fr.,--L. _largus_.]

LARGESS, LARGESSE, lärj'es, _n._ a present or donation: (_arch._) liberality.--_n._ LARGIT'ION, giving of largess. [Fr.,--L. _largitio_--_larg[=i]ri_, to give freely--_largus_.]

LARGO, lär'g[=o], _adj._ (_mus._) slow in time.--_n._ a movement to be performed in such style.--_adj._ LARGHET'TO, somewhat slow: not so slow as largo.--_n._ a movement in somewhat slow time.--_adj._ LARGHIS'SIMO, extremely slow. [It.,--L. _largus_.]

LARIAT, lär'i-at, _n._ a rope for picketing horses while grazing: a lasso. [Sp. _la reata_--_la_, the, _reata_, a rope for tying animals together.]

LARK, lärk, _n._ a well-known singing-bird.--_v.i._ to catch larks.--_ns._ LARK'S'-HEEL, the Indian cress; LARK'SPUR, a plant with showy flowers, so called from the spur-shaped formation of calyx and petals. [M. E. _laverock_--A.S. _láwerce_; Ger. _lerche_.]

LARK, lärk, _n._ a game, frolic.--_v.i._ to frolic, make sport.--_adj._ LAR'KY (_coll._), frolicsome, sportive. [A.S. _lác_, play--_lácan_, to swing, wave, play.]

LARMIER, lar'mi-[.e]r, _n._ (_archit._) another name for the corona (q.v.): a horizontal string-course for preventing rain from trickling down the wall: (_zool._) a tear-bag. [Fr. _larme_, a tear--L. _lacrima_, a tear.]

LARRIKIN, lar'i-kin, _adj._ (_Australian_) rowdy, disorderly.--_n._ a rough or rowdy.--_n._ LARR'IKINISM.

LARRUP, lar'up, _v.t._ (_coll._) to flog, thrash. [Prob. from Dut. _larpen_, thresh with flails.]

LARRY, lar'i, _n._ Same as LORRY.

LARUM, lar'um, _n._ alarm: a noise giving notice of danger.--_v.t._ (_obs._) to alarm. [_Alarm_.]

LARUS, l[=a]'rus, _n._ a genus of _Laridæ_, the gulls proper.

LARVA, lär'va, _n._ an insect in its first stage after issuing from the egg--i.e. in the caterpillar state: a ghost, spectre:--_pl._ LARVÆ (lär'v[=e]).--_adjs._ LAR'VAL; LAR'VATE, -D, clothed as with a mask; LAR'VIFORM; LARVIP'AROUS, producing young in a larva-form. [L. _larva_, a spectre, a mask.]

LARYNX, l[=a]r'ingks, _n._ the upper part of the windpipe: the throat:--_pl._ LAR'YNGES, LAR'YNXES (_rare_).--_adjs._ LARYN'GEAL, LARYN'GEAN.--_n._ LARYNGIS'MUS, spasm of the glottis.--_adj._ LARYNGIT'IC.--_n._ LARYNG[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the larynx.--_adj._ LARYNGOLOG'ICAL.--_ns._ LARYNGOL'OGIST; LARYNGOL'OGY, the science of the larynx; LARYNGOPH'ONY, the sound of the voice as heard through the stethoscope applied over the larynx; LARYNG'OSCOPE, a mirror for examining the larynx and trachea.--_adj._ LARYNGOSCOP'IC.--_ns._ LARYNGOS'COPIST; LARYNGOS'COPY; LARYNGOT'OMY, the operation of cutting into the windpipe to remove obstructions and assist respiration; LARYNGOTRACHEOT'OMY, the operation of cutting into the windpipe through the cricoid cartilage, the cricothyroid membrane, and the upper rings of the trachea. [L.,--Gr. _larynx_, _laryngos_.]

LASCAR, las'kar, _n._ a native East Indian sailor or camp-follower. [Hind.,--Pers. _lashkari_, a soldier.]

LASCIVIOUS, las-siv'i-us, _adj._ lustful: tending to produce lustful emotions.--_adv._ LASCIV'IOUSLY.--_n._ LASCIV'IOUSNESS. [L. _lascivus_; perh. from the same root as _laxus_, loose.]

LASER, l[=a]'ser, _n._ a gum-resin from North Africa, esteemed by the ancients as a deobstruent and diuretic. [L. _laser_, juice of laserpitium.]

LASERPITIUM, las-er-pish'i-um, _n._ a genus of perennial herbs of the parsley family--LAS'ERWORT or herb frankincense.--Also _Silphium_. [L. _laserpicium_, a plant yielding laser.]

LASH, lash, _n._ a thong or cord: the flexible part of a whip: a stroke with a whip or anything pliant: a stroke of satire, a sharp retort: a beating or dashing: an eyelash.--_v.t._ to strike with a lash: to dash against: to fasten or secure with a rope or cord: to censure severely: to scourge with sarcasm or satire.--_v.i._ to use the whip.--_n._ LASH'ER, one who lashes or whips: a rope for binding one thing to another; LASH'ING, act of whipping: a rope for making things fast: a great plenty of anything--esp. in _pl._--LASH OUT, to kick out, as a horse: to break out recklessly. [M. E. _lasshe_; Dut. _lasch_, Ger. _lasche_, a joint.]

LASH, lash, _adj._ (_obs._) slow, slack: soft: insipid.--_n._ LASH'ER, the slack water collected above a weir in a river. [M. E. _lasche_, slack--O. Fr. _lasche_ (Fr. _lâche_, cowardly)--L. _laxus_, lax.]

LASKET, las'ket, _n._ a loop of line at the foot of a sail, to which to fasten an extra sail.

LASS, las, _n._ (_fem._ of LAD) a girl, esp. a country girl: a sweetheart: (_Scot._) a maid-servant.--(Diminutives) LASS'IE, LASS'OCK.--_adj._ LASS'LORN (_Shak._), forsaken by one's mistress. [Prob. a contr. of _laddess_, formed from _lad_; or directly from W. _llodes_, fem. of _llawd_, a lad. Mr H. Bradley thinks the association with _lad_ merely accidental, the word first appearing about 1300 in northern writings as _lasce_, evidently representing a Scand. _laskw_, the fem. of an adj. meaning unmarried; cf. Middle Sw. _lösk kona_, unmarried woman.]

LASSITUDE, las'i-t[=u]d, _n._ faintness: weakness: weariness: languor. [Fr.,--L. _lassitudo_--_lassus_, faint.]

LASSO, las'[=o], _n._ a long rope with a running noose for catching wild horses, &c.:--_pl._ LASS'OS, LASS'OES.--_v.t._ to catch with the lasso:--_pr.p._ lass'[=o]ing; _pa.p._ lass'[=o]ed. [Port. _laço_, Sp. _lazo_--L. _laqueus_, a noose.]

LAST, last, _n._ a wooden mould of the foot on which boots and shoes are made.--_v.t._ to fit with a last.--_n._ LAST'ER, one who fits the parts of shoes to lasts: a tool for doing so. [A.S. _lást_, a trace.]

LAST, last, _v.i._ to continue, endure: to escape failure: remain fresh, unimpaired.--_adj._ LAST'ING, permanent, durable.--_n._ endurance.--_adv._ LAST'INGLY.--_n._ LAST'INGNESS. [A.S. _l['æ]stan_, to keep a track. See foregoing word.]

LAST, last, _n._ a load, cargo, a weight generally estimated at 4000 lb., but varying in different articles.--_n._ LAST'AGE, the lading of a ship: room for stowing goods in a ship: a duty formerly paid for the right of carrying goods, &c. [A.S. _hlæst_--_hladan_, to load; Ger. _last_, Ice. _hlass_.]

LAST, last, _adj._ latest: coming after all the others: final: next before the present: utmost: meanest: most improbable or unlikely--also _adv._--_n._ LAST'-COURT, a court held by the jurats in the marshes of Kent to fix rates chargeable for the preservation of these--also LAST.--_adv._ LAST'LY.--LAST DAY (_Scot._), yesterday; LAST HEIR (_Eng. law_), he to whom lands come by escheat for want of lawful heirs.--AT LAST, in conclusion (this from A.S. _on lást_, therefore not from _late_ at all, but from _last_ (1), which is the A.S. _lást_, a trace); BREATHE ONE'S LAST, to die; DIE IN THE LAST DITCH, to fight to the bitter end; FIRST AND LAST, altogether; ON ONE'S LAST LEGS, on the verge of utter failure or exhaustion; PUT THE LAST HAND TO, to finish, put the finishing touch to; THE LAST CAST (see CAST); THE LAST DAY, the Day of Judgment; THE LAST DAYS, TIMES (_B._), the period when the end of the world draws near; TO THE LAST, to the end: till death. [A contr. of _latest_.]

LASTERY, last'[.e]r-i, _n._ (_Spens._) a red colour.

LAT, lät, _n._ in Indian architecture, an isolated pillar.

LATAKIA, lat-a-k[=e]'a, _n._ a fine kind of tobacco produced at _Latakia_ (_Laodicea ad Mare_) in Syria.

LATCH, lach, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to moisten. [_Leach_.]

LATCH, lach, _n._ a small piece of wood or iron to fasten a door.--_v.t._ to fasten with a latch: to hold, retain: (_obs._) to seize.--_ns._ LATCH'ET, a strap or buckle for fastening a shoe; LATCH'KEY, a key to raise the latch of a door.--ON THE LATCH, not locked, but opened by a latch. [A.S. _læccan_, to catch.]

LATE, l[=a]t, _adj._ (_comp._ LAT'ER; _superl._ LAT'EST) slow, tardy; behindhand: coming after the expected time: long delayed: far advanced towards the close: last in any place or character: deceased: departed: out of office: not long past--also _adv._--_adj._ LAT'ED (_Shak._), belated, being too late.--_adv._ LATE'LY.--_n._ LATE'NESS, state of being late.--_adv._ LAT'ER.--_adj._ LAT'ISH, somewhat late. [A.S. _læt_, slow; Dut. _laat_, Ice. _latr_, Ger. _lass_, weary; L. _lassus_, tired.]

LATEBRA, lat'eb-ra, _n._ the cavity in the food-yolk of a meroblastic ovum.--_adj._ LAT'EBROUS. [L.--_lat[=e]re_.]

LATEEN, la-t[=e]n', _adj._ applied to a triangular sail, common in the Mediterranean, the Lake of Geneva, &c. [Fr.,--L. _Latinus_, Latin.]

LATENT, l[=a]'tent, _adj._ hid: concealed: not visible or apparent: dormant, undeveloped.--_ns._ L[=A]'TENCE, L[=A]'TENCY.--_adv._ L[=A]'TENTLY.--LATENT HEAT (see HEAT); LATENT LIFE, a phrase describing the physiological condition of organisms in which the functions are for a time suspended without losing the power of future activity; LATENT PERIOD OF A DISEASE, the time that elapses before symptoms show the presence of the disease. [L. _latens_, pr.p. of _lat[=e]re_, to lie hid; Gr. _lanthanein_, to be hidden.]

LATERAL, lat'[.e]r-al, _adj._ belonging to the side: proceeding from or in the direction of the side: (_anat._ and _zool._) situated on one of the sides of the median vertical longitudinal plane of the body: (_physics_) at right angles to a line of motion or strain.--_n._ LATERAL'ITY.--_adv._ LAT'ERALLY.--_adj._ LATERIF[=O]'LIOUS (_bot._), growing by the side of a leaf at its base.--LATERAL FIN, one of the paired side fins of a fish:--opp. to _Vertical fin_. [L. _lateralis_--_latus_, _lat[)e]ris_, a side.]

LATERAN, lat'[.e]r-an, _adj._ pertaining to the Church of St John _Lateran_ at Rome, the Pope's cathedral church, on the site of the splendid palace or basilica of Plautius Lateranus (executed 66 A.D.).--LATERAN COUNCILS, five general councils of the Western Church, held in the Lateran basilica (1123, 1139, 1179, 1215, and 1512-17), regarded by Roman Catholics as oecumenical: also an important synod against the Monothelites in 649.

LATERICEOUS, lat-[.e]r-ish'us, _adj._ of brick, or brick-coloured.--Also LATERIT'IOUS. [L. _latericius_--_later_, _lateris_, a brick.]

LATERITE, lat'[.e]r-[=i]t, _n._ an argillaceous sandstone of a reddish or brick colour found in India, esp. in Ceylon. [L. _later_, _lateris_, a brick.]

LATESCENT, l[=a]-tes'ent, _adj._ becoming hidden.--_n._ LATESC'ENCE. [L. _latesc[)e]re_--_lat[=e]re_, to lie hid.]

LATEST, l[=a]t'est, _adj._ superl. of _late_.

LATEX, l[=a]'teks, _n._ (_bot._) the sap of plants after it has been elaborated in the leaves.--_adj._ LATICIF'EROUS, containing or conveying latex. [L.]

LATH, läth, _n._ a thin cleft slip of wood used in slating, plastering, &c.:--_pl._ LATHS (lä_th_z).--_v.t._ to cover with laths.--_adj._ LATH'EN.--_ns._ LATH'ING, the act or process of covering with laths: a covering of laths; LATH'-SPLIT'TER, one who splits wood into laths.--_adj._ LATH'Y, like a lath.--DAGGER OF LATH, any insufficient means of attack or defence. [A.S. _lættu_; Dut. _lat_, Ger. _latte_, a lath.]

LATHE, l[=a]_th_, _n._ a machine for turning and shaping articles of wood, metal, &c.: the movable swing-frame of a loom carrying the reed for separating the warp threads and beating up the weft. [Ice. _löð_.]

LATHE, lä_th_, _n._ a part or division of a county, now existing only in Kent, and consisting of four or five hundreds. [A.S. _l['æ]th_, a district.]

LATHER, la_th_'[.e]r, _n._ a foam or froth made with water and soap: froth from sweat.--_v.t._ to spread over with lather.--_v.i._ to form a lather: to become frothy. [A.S. _leáðor_, lather; Ice. _lauðr_, foam.]

LATIBULUM, l[=a]-tib'[=u]-lum, _n._ a hiding-place, burrow:--_pl._ LATIB'ULA.--_v.i._ LATIB'ULISE, to hibernate. [L.]

LATICLAVE, lat'i-kl[=a]v, _n._ a broad vertical purple stripe running down the front of a Roman senator's tunic. [L. _latus_, broad, _clavus_, a stripe.]

LATICOSTATE, lat-i-kos't[=a]t, _adj._ broad-ribbed.

LATIDENTATE, lat-i-den't[=a]t, _adj._ broad-toothed.

LATIFOLIATE, lat-i-f[=o]'li-[=a]t, _adj._ broad-leafed.--Also LATIF[=O]'LIOUS.

LATIN, lat'in, _adj._ pertaining to ancient Latium (esp. Rome) or its inhabitants, also to all races claiming affinity with the Latins by language, race, or civilisation: written or spoken in Latin.--_n._ an inhabitant of ancient Latium: a member of a modern race ethnically or linguistically related to the ancient Romans or Italians: the language of ancient Rome--the foundation of the modern Romance tongues: a member of the Latin or Roman Catholic Church.--_adj._ L[=A]'TIAN.--_n._ LAT'INER, one who knows Latin: (_obs._) an interpreter.--_v.t._ LAT'IN[=I]SE, to give Latin forms to: to render into Latin.--_ns._ LAT'INISM, a Latin idiom; LAT'INIST, one skilled in Latin; LATIN'ITY, the Latin tongue, style, or idiom.--LATIN CHURCH, the Western Church as distinguished from the Greek or Oriental Church, so named as having employed Latin as its official language: the Roman Catholic Church; LATIN EMPIRE, that portion of the Byzantine Empire seized in 1204 by the Crusaders, and overthrown by the Greeks in 1261; LATIN KINGDOM, the Christian kingdom of Jerusalem ruled by French or Latin kings, and lasting from 1099 to 1187.--CLASSICAL LATIN, the Latin of the writers who flourished from about 75 B.C. to 200 A.D.; DOG LATIN, barbarous Latin; LATE LATIN, the LATIN written by authors between 200 and (_circ._) 600 A.D.; MIDDLE, MEDIEVAL, or LOW LATIN, the Latin of the middle age between 600 and 1500 A.D.; NEW, MODERN, LATIN, Latin as written between 1500 and the present time, mostly used as a scientific medium; THIEVES' LATIN, thieves' cant. [L. _Latinus_, belonging to _Latium_, the district round Rome.]

LATIPENNATE, lat-i-pen'[=a]t, _adj._ broad-winged.

LATIROSTRAL, lat-i-ros'tral, _adj._ broad-billed.--Also LATIROS'TRATE.

LATISSIMUS, l[=a]-tis'i-mus, _n._ the broadest muscle which lies upon the back.

LATITUDE, lat'i-t[=u]d, _n._ the distance of a place north or south from the equator, measured in degrees of the meridian: a place as indicated by latitude: the angular distance of a celestial body above the plane of the ecliptic (_apparent_ when the point of view is on the earth's surface, _geocentric_ when at the earth's centre, _heliocentric_ when at the centre of the sun): (_fig._) extent of signification: freedom from restraint: scope: (_obs._) width.--_adjs._ LATITUD'INAL, pertaining to latitude: in the direction of latitude; LATITUDIN[=A]'RIAN, broad or liberal, esp. in religious belief: lax.--_n._ a name applied by contemporaries to a member of a school of liberal and philosophical theologians within the English Church in the later half of the 17th century: one who affects to regard specific creeds, methods of church government, &c. with indifference.--_n._ LATITUDIN[=A]'RIANISM.--_adj._ LATITUD'INOUS, having latitude or large extent.--LATITUDE BY ACCOUNT, in navigation, the latitude calculated from the course and distance sailed since last observation; LATITUDE BY OBSERVATION, the latitude determined from an observation of a heavenly body; MIDDLE LATITUDE, the latitude of the parallel midway between two places situated in the same hemisphere. [Fr.,--L. _latitudo_, _-inis_--_latus_, broad.]

LATRIA, l[=a]-tr[=i]'a, _n._ the kind of supreme worship lawfully offered to God alone--opposed to _Dulia_, that given to saints and angels, and to _Hyperdulia_, that given to the Virgin. [Gr. _latreuein_, to serve.]

LATRINE, lat'rin, _n._ a privy or water-closet in barracks, factories, hospitals, &c. [Fr.,--L. _lavatrina_, _latrina_--_lav[=a]re_, to wash.]

LATROBE, la-tr[=o]b', _n._ a form of stove set into a fireplace, heating the room by radiation, and the rooms above by hot air--from I. _Latrobe_ of Baltimore.

LATROCINIUM, lat-r[=o]-sin'i-um, _n._ the Robber-Council, that held at Ephesus in 449, in which the doctrines of the heretic Eutyches were upheld by means of intimidation--its acts revoked at the oecumenical council of Chalcedon in 451: larceny: right of adjudging and executing thieves. [L., robbery.]

LATTEN, lat'en, _n._ brass or bronze used for crosses: sheet tin, tinned iron-plate. [O. Fr. _laton_ (Fr. _laiton_)--Ger. _latte_, a lath, thin plate.]

LATTER, lat'[.e]r, _adj._ later: coming or existing after: mentioned the last of two: modern: recent: (_Shak._) last.--_adjs._ LATT'ER-BORN (_Shak._), younger; LATT'ER-DAY, belonging to recent times.--_adv._ LATT'ERLY, in latter time: of late.--LATTER-DAY SAINTS (see Mormon); LATTER END (see END); LATTER-MINT, a late kind of mint.--THE FORMER AND THE LATTER RAIN (see RAIN). [A variant of _later_.]

LATTICE, lat'is, _n._ a network of crossed laths or bars, called also LATT'ICE-WORK: anything of lattice-work, as a window: (_her._) a bearing of vertical and horizontal bars crossing each other.--_v.t._ to form into open work: to furnish with a lattice.--_ns._ LATT'ICE-BRIDGE, a bridge with its sides consisting of cross-framing like lattice-work; LATT'ICE-GIRD'ER, a girder of which the web consists of diagonal pieces arranged like lattice-work; LATT'ICE-LEAF, an aquatic plant, native to Madagascar, so called from the singular resemblance of the leaves to open lattice-work--otherwise _Lattice-plant_, _Lace-leaf_, _Water-yam_, or _Ouvirandrano_.--RED LATTICE (_Shak._), a frame of lattice-work painted red, formerly used to fill the windows of an ale-house. [Fr. _lattis_--_latte_, a lath.]

LAUD, lawd, _v.t._ to praise in words or with singing: to celebrate.--_n._ commendation: praise in divine worship: (_pl._) in the R.C. Church, the prayers immediately following matins, constituting with the latter the first of the seven canonical hours.--_adj._ LAUD'ABLE, worthy of being praised.--_n._ LAUD'ABLENESS.--_adv._ LAUD'ABLY.--_ns._ LAUD[=A]'TION, praise: honour paid; LAUD'ATIVE, a panegyric, a eulogium.--_adj._ LAUD'ATORY, containing praise: expressing praise.--_n._ that which contains praise.--_n._ LAUD'ER. [L. _laud[=a]re_--_laus_, _laudis_, praise.]

LAUDANUM, lawd'a-num, _n._ a preparation of opium: tincture of opium. [Same word as _ladanum_, transferred to a different drug.]

LAUGH, läf, _v.i._ to express mirth or joy by an explosive inarticulate sound of the voice and peculiar facial distortion: to be gay or lively: make merry (with _at_), to flout.--_v.t._ to express with a laugh: to affect in some way by laughter.--_n._ the sound caused by merriment.--_adj._ LAUGH'ABLE, ludicrous.--_n._ LAUGH'ABLENESS.--_adv._ LAUGH'ABLY.--_ns._ LAUGH'ER; LAUGH'ING-GAS, a gas which excites laughter, called nitrous oxide, used as an anæsthetic in minor surgical operations, as in dentistry; LAUGH'ING-JACK'ASS, the great kingfisher of Australia.--_adv._ LAUGH'INGLY, in a laughing manner.--_ns._ LAUGH'ING-STOCK, an object of ridicule, like something stuck up to be laughed at; LAUGH'TER, act or noise of laughing.--LAUGH A THING OFF, to treat as if worthy only of a laugh; LAUGH IN ONE'S SLEEVE, to laugh inwardly; LAUGH ONE OUT OF, to make a person abandon a habit, &c., by laughing at him for it; LAUGH ON THE WRONG SIDE OF THE MOUTH, to be made feel disappointment or sorrow, esp. after boasting, &c.; LAUGH TO SCORN, to deride or jeer at.--HAVE THE LAUGH ON ONE'S SIDE, to be able to laugh at another through getting the better of him by superior dexterity, &c. [A.S. _hlihan_; Ger. _lachen_, Goth. _hlahjan_; prob. imit.]

LAUNCE, läns, _n._ Same as LANCE.

LAUNCE, läns, _n._ (_Spens._) a balance. [L. _lanx_, _lancis_, a plate, a scale of a balance.]

LAUNCH, LANCH, länsh, _v.t._ to throw as a lance or spear: (_Shak._) to pierce or cut with a lance: to send forth: to cause to slide into the water.--_v.i._ to go forth, as a ship into the water: to come into new relations, make a transition.--_n._ act of launching or moving a newly-built ship from the stocks into the water: the largest boat carried by a man-of-war: (_Spens._) a lancing.--_n.pl._ LAUNCH'ING-WAYS, the timbers on which a ship is launched.--_n._ STEAM'-LAUNCH, a large passenger-boat propelled by steam-power, and used largely on rivers. [O. Fr. _lanchier_, _lancier_ (Fr. _lancer_). See LANCE.]

LAUND, lawnd, _n._ (_Shak._) a park. [O. Fr. _lande_; prob. Celt. See LAWN.]

LAUNDRESS, lawn'dres, _n._ a woman who washes and irons clothes.--_n._ LAUN'DER, a washerwoman or washerman: a trough for conveying water.--_v.t._ to wash and iron, as clothes: (_Shak._) to wet, wash.--_ns._ LAUN'DRY, a place where clothes are washed and dressed; LAUN'DRY-MAN, -MAID, a male, female, worker in a laundry. [M. E. _lavander_--O. Fr. _lavandier_--L., gerundive of _lav[=a]re_ to wash.]

LAURA, law'ra, _n._ an early kind of monastic community, its cells separate structures, the inmates living in solitude, meeting only for common services in the chapel--found only in Egypt, Syria, and Palestine. [Most prob. Gr. _laura_, an alley, lane.]

LAUREATE, law're-[=a]t, _adj._ crowned with laurel.--_n._ one crowned with laurel: a poet-laureate.--_v.t._ to crown with laurel, in token of literary merit: to confer a degree upon.--_ns._ LAU'REATESHIP, office of a laureate; LAURE[=A]'TION, act of laureating or conferring a degree; P[=O]'ET-LAU'REATE, formerly one who received a degree in grammar (i.e. poetry and rhetoric) at the English universities: a poet bearing that honorary title, a salaried officer in the royal household, appointed to compose annually an ode for the king's birthday and other suitable occasions.

LAUREL, law'rel, _n._ the bay-tree, used by the ancients for making honorary wreaths: a crown of laurel, honours gained (freq. in _pl._): any species of the genus _Laurus_.--_adjs._ LAU'REL; LAU'RELLED, crowned with laurel.--_n._ LAU'REL-WA'TER, a sedative and narcotic water distilled from the leaves of the cherry-laurel.--_adjs._ LAURIF'EROUS, producing laurel; LAU'RIGER, laurel-wearing.--_n_ LAURUST[=I]'NUS, an evergreen shrub. [Fr. _laurier_--L. _laurus_.]

LAURENTIAN, law-ren'shi-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Lorenzo_ or LAURENTIUS dei Medici, or to the Laurentian library founded by him at Florence: of or pertaining to the river St _Lawrence_: applied to a series of rocks covering a large area in the region of the Upper Lakes of North America.

LAUWINE, law'vin, _n._ (_Byron_) an avalanche. [Ger., from Low L. _lavina_, prob. L. _labi_, to fall.]

LAV, lav, _n._ word--in _lavengro_, word-master. [Gypsy.]

LAVA, lä'va, _n._ the melted matter discharged from a burning mountain, that flows down its sides. [It. _lava_, a stream--L. _lav[=a]re_, to wash.]

LAVE, l[=a]v, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to wash: to bathe.--_ns._ L[=A]'VABO, the ritual act of washing the celebrant's fingers after the offertory, before proceeding with the eucharistic service--from _Lavabo manus meas in innocentia_ (Ps. xxvi. 6): a stone basin in monasteries for washing in before meals or religious exercises: a modern convenience or lavatory of similar kind; L[=A]'VAGE, a washing out; LAV[=A]'TION, a washing or cleansing; LAV'ATORY, a place for washing: a medieval stone table in monasteries, &c., on which bodies were washed before burial: (_med._) a lotion for a diseased part; L[=A]'VER, a large vessel for laving or washing. [Fr. _laver_--L. _lav[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_; Gr. _louein_, to wash.]

LAVE, l[=a]v, _n._ (_Scot._) what is left, the remainder. [A.S. _láf_; Ice. _leif_. See LEAVE.]

LAVE, l[=a]v, _v.t._ to lade or throw out (as water from a boat). [A.S. _lafian_, pour out water; Ger. _laben_, refresh. Conn. with L. _lav[=a]re_, to wash, dub.]

LAVENDER, lav'en-d[.e]r, _n._ an odoriferous plant, probably so called from its being laid with newly washed clothes: a pale-lilac colour, the colour of lavender blossoms.--_v.t._ to sprinkle with lavender.--_n._ LAV'ENDER-WA'TER, a perfume composed of spirits of wine, essential oil of lavender, and ambergris.--LAY IN LAVENDER, to lay by carefully, as clothes, with sprigs of lavender in them; OIL OF LAVENDER, an aromatic oil distilled from lavender flowers and stems, used as a stimulant and tonic. [M. E. _lavendre_--Fr. _lavande_--L. _lav[=a]re_, to wash.]

LAVER. See LAVE (1).

LAVER, l[=a]v'[.e]r, _n._ the fronds of certain marine plants, sometimes used as food. [L. _laver_.]

LAVEROCK, lav'[.e]r-ock, _n._ (_prov._) a lark. [Cf. _Lark_.]

LAVISH, lav'ish, _v.t._ to expend profusely: to waste.--_adj._ bestowing profusely: prodigal: extravagant: unrestrained.--_adv._ LAV'ISHLY.--_ns._ LAV'ISHMENT, LAV'ISHNESS. [From LAVE (3).]

LAVOLT, la-volt', LAVOLTA, la-vol'ta, _n._ (_Shak._) an old dance in which there were much turning and high leaping. [It. _la volta_, the turn.]

LAW, law, _n._ a rule of action established by authority: statute: the rules of a community or state: a rule or principle of science or art: the whole jurisprudence or the science of law: established usage: that which is lawful: the whole body of persons connected professionally with the law: litigation: a theoretical principle educed from practice or observation: a statement or formula expressing the constant order of certain phenomena: (_theol._) the Mosaic code or the books containing it.--_v.t._ (_coll._) to give law to, determine.--_v.i._ (_obs._) to go to law.--_adj._ LAW'-ABID'ING, obedient to the law.--_ns._ LAW-BIND'ING; LAW'-BOOK, a book treating of law or law cases; LAW'-BREAK'ER, one who violates a law; LAW'-BURR'OWS (_Scots law_), a writ requiring a person to give security against doing violence to another; LAW'-CALF, a book-binding in smooth, pale-brown calf; LAW'-DAY, a day of open court.--_adj._ LAW'FUL, allowed by law: rightful.--_adv._ LAW'FULLY.--_ns._ LAW'FULNESS; LAW'GIVER, one who enacts laws: a legislator.--_adj._ LAW'GIVING, legislating.--_n._ LAW'ING, going to law: litigation: (_obs._) the practice of cutting off the claws and balls of a dog's forefeet to hinder it from hunting: (_Scot._) a reckoning at a public-house, a tavern bill.--_adj._ LAW'LESS.--_adv._ LAW'LESSLY.--_ns._ LAW'LESSNESS; LAW'-LIST, an annual publication containing all information regarding the administration of law and the legal profession; LAW'-LORD, a peer in parliament who holds or has held high legal office: in Scotland, a judge of the Court of Session; LAW'-MAK'ER, a lawgiver; LAW'-MAN, one of a select body with magisterial powers in some of the Danish towns of early England; LAW'-MER'CHANT, a term applied to the customs which have grown up among merchants in reference to mercantile documents and business; LAW'-MONG'ER, a low pettifogging lawyer; LAW'-ST[=A]'TIONER, a stationer who sells parchment and other articles needed by lawyers; LAW'SUIT, a suit or process in law; LAW'-WRIT'ER, a writer on law: a copier or engrosser of legal papers; LAW'YER, a practitioner in the law: (_N.T._) an interpreter of the Mosaic Law: the stem of a brier.--LAW LATIN, Latin as used in law and legal documents, being a mixture of Latin with Old French and Latinised English words; LAW OF NATIONS, now international law, originally applied to those ethical principles regarded as obligatory on all communities; LAW OF NATURE (see NATURE); LAW OF THE LAND, the established law of a country; LAWS OF ASSOCIATION (see ASSOCIATION); LAWS OF MOTION (see MOTION); LAWFUL DAY, one on which business may be legally done--not a Sunday or a public holiday.--BOYLE'S (erroneously called MARIOTTE'S) LAW (_physics_), in gases, the law that, for a given quantity at a given temperature, the pressure varies inversely as the volume--discovered by Robert _Boyle_ in 1662, and treated in a book by Mariotte in 1679; BREHON LAW (see BREHON); CANON LAW (see CANON); CASE LAW, law established by judicial decision in particular cases, in contradistinction to _statute law_; COMMON LAW (see COMMON); CRIMINAL LAW, the law which relates to crimes and their punishment; CROWN LAW, that part of the common law of England which is applicable to criminal matters; CUSTOMARY LAW (see CONSUETUDINARY); EMPIRICAL LAW, a law induced from observation or experiment, and though valid for the particular instances observed, not to be relied on beyond the conditions on which it rests; FEDERAL LAW, law prescribed by the supreme power of the United States, as opposed to _state_ law; FOREST LAW, the code of law which was drawn up to preserve the forests, &c., forming the special property of the English kings; GRESHAM'S LAW (_polit. econ._), the law that of two forms of currency the inferior or more depreciated tends to drive the other from circulation, owing to the hoarding and exportation of the better form; GRIMM'S LAW (_philol._), the law formulating certain changes or differences which the mute consonants exhibit in corresponding words in the Teutonic branches of the Aryan family of languages--stated by Jacob _Grimm_ (1785-1863); INTERNATIONAL LAW (see INTERNATIONAL); JUDICIARY LAW, that part of the law which has its source in the decisions and adjudications of the courts; KEPLER'S LAWS, three laws of planetary motion discovered by Johann _Kepler_ (1571-1630)--viz. (1) the orbits of the planets are ellipses with the sun at one focus; (2) the areas described by their _radii vectores_ in equal times are equal; (3) the squares of their periodic times vary as the cubes of their mean distances from the sun; LYNCH LAW (see LYNCH); MAINE LAW, a prohibitory liquor law passed by the legislature of _Maine_ State, U.S.A., in 1851; MARITIME, MARTIAL, MERCANTILE, MILITARY LAW (see the _adjs._); MAY LAWS, several Prussian enactments (1873-74) directed to control the action of the Church, and limit its interference in civil matters, largely modified in 1887--often called FALK LAWS, from the introducer; MORAL LAW, that portion of the Old Testament which relates to moral principles, especially the ten commandments; MOSAIC, MUNICIPAL, NATURAL LAW (see the _adjs._); OHM'S LAW, the basis of electrical measurements, established in 1827 by _Ohm_ (1787-1854), that the resistance of a conductor is measured by the ratio of the electromotive force between its two ends to the current flowing through it; POOR-LAW, -LAWS, laws providing for the support of paupers at the public expense; POSITIVE LAW, law owing its force to human sanction as opposed to divine law; PRIVATE LAW (see PRIVATE); ROMAN LAW, the system of law developed by the ancient Romans, and often termed the _civil law_ (q.v.); SALIC LAW (see SALIAN); STATUTE LAW (see STATUTE); SUMPTUARY LAW (see SUMPTUARY); VERNER'S LAW (_philol._), a law stated by Karl _Verner_ in 1875, showing the effect of the position of accent in the shifting of the original Aryan mute consonants, and _s_, into Low German, and explaining the most important anomalies in the application of Grimm's law; WRITTEN LAW, statute law as distinguished from the common law.--HAVE THE LAW OF (_coll._), to enforce the law against; LAY DOWN THE LAW, to state authoritatively or dictatorially. [M. E. _lawe_--A.S. _lagu_, from _licgan_, to lie; Ice. _l[=o]g_.]

LAWK, lawk, _interj._ implying surprise. [For _Lord!_]

LAWN, lawn, _n._ a sort of fine linen or cambric.--_adj._ made of lawn.--_adj._ LAWN'Y.--LAWN SLEEVES, wide sleeves of lawn worn by Anglican bishops. [Prob. from Fr. _Laon_, a town near Rheims.]

LAWN, lawn, _n._ an open space between woods: a space of ground covered with grass, generally in front of or around a house or mansion.--_ns._ LAWN'-MOW'ER, a machine for cutting the grass on a lawn; LAWN'-SPRINK'LER, a machine for watering a lawn by sprinkling from a hose with perforated swivel-collar; LAWN'-TENN'IS, a game played with a ball and rackets on an open lawn or other smooth surface by two, three, or four persons.--_adj._ LAWN'Y. [A corr. of _laund_, _lawnd_.]

LAX, laks, _adj._ slack: loose: soft, flabby: not strict in discipline or morals: loose in the bowels.--_adj._ LAX'ATIVE, having the power of loosening the bowels.--_n._ a purgative or aperient medicine.--_ns._ LAX'ATIVENESS, LAX'ITY, LAX'NESS, state or quality of being lax; LAX[=A]'TOR, a muscle that relaxes an organ or part; LAX'IST, one holding loose notions of moral laws, or of their application.--_adv._ LAX'LY. [L. _laxus_, loose.]

LAY, _pa.t._ of _lie_, to lay one's self down.

LAY, l[=a], _v.t._ to cause to lie down: to place or set down: to beat down: to spread on a surface: to conjoin: to spread the proper thing on: to calm: to appease: to wager: to bring forth: to impose: to charge: to present.--_v.i._ to produce eggs: to wager, bet:--_pr.p._ lay'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ laid.--_n._ situation: (_Shak._) a bet: a share of profit, esp. in whaling enterprises: (_slang_) a field or method of operations, esp. of thieves: a measure in thread manufacture, about 800 yards.--_ns._ LAY'ER, that which lays--e.g. a hen, a bricklayer: a bed or stratum: a shoot laid for propagation; LAY'ERING, the propagation of plants by layers; LAY'ING, the first coat of plaster: the act or time of laying eggs: the eggs laid; LAY'-OUT, that which is laid out, a spread, for dining, gaming, &c.; LAY'-STALL, a place for laying dung, rubbish, &c.--LAY ABOUT ONE, to deal blows vigorously or on all sides; LAY ASIDE, AWAY, to discard: to put apart for future use; LAY AT, to endeavour to strike; LAY BARE, to make bare, disclose; LAY BEFORE, to submit to, as of plans; LAY BY, to keep for future use, to dismiss, to put off; LAY BY THE HEELS (see HEEL); LAY DOWN, to give up: to deposit, as a pledge: to apply, as embroidery: to delineate, describe: to affirm, assert: (_rare_) to store for future use; LAY HEADS TOGETHER, to consult together, to deliberate; LAY HOLD OF, or ON, to seize, apprehend; LAY IN, to get in a supply of; LAY INTO, to chastise thoroughly; LAY IT ON, to charge exorbitantly, to do anything with profuseness; LAY OFF, to cast aside: to mark off; LAY ON, to apply with force, to strike, to act with vigour; LAY ONE'S SELF OUT TO, to put forth one's best efforts for anything; LAY ON LOAD (_Spens._), to belabour; LAY ON THE TABLE (see TABLE); LAY OPEN, to make bare, to show, expose; LAY OUT, to expand, to display: to expend, to plan, to exert: to dress in grave-clothes: to take measures, seek; LAY SIEGE TO, to besiege: to importune; LAY THE LAND, to cause the land to disappear below the horizon by sailing away from it; LAY TO, to apply with vigour: to bring a ship to rest; LAY TO HEART (see HEART); LAY UNDER, to subject to; LAY UP, to store up, preserve: to confine to one's bed or room for a time: to put a ship in dock after dismantling; LAY UPON, to wager upon; LAY WAIT, to lie in wait, or in ambush; LAY WASTE, to devastate, to destroy.--LAYING ON OF HANDS (see HAND).--LAID EMBROIDERY, gimped or raised embroidery.--ON A LAY, on shares, as when a crew is shipped 'on a lay' instead of receiving wages. [_Lay_ is the causal to _lie_, from A.S. _lecgan_; Ice. _leggja_, Ger. _legen_.]

LAY, l[=a], _n._ a song: a lyric or narrative poem. [O. Fr. _lai_, from Celt.; cf. Gael. _laoidh_, a hymn.]

LAY, l[=a], LAIC, -AL, l[=a]'ik, -al, _adjs._ pertaining to the people: not clerical: unprofessional: (_cards_) not trumps.--_v.t._ L[=A]'ICISE, to deprive of a clerical character.--_ns._ L[=A]'ITY, the people as distinguished from any particular profession, esp. the clerical; LAY'-BAP'TISM, baptism administered by a layman; LAY'-BROTH'ER, a layman: a man under vows of celibacy and obedience, who serves a monastery, but is exempt from the studies and religious services required of the monks; LAY'-COMMUN'ION, the state of being in the communion of the church as a layman; LAY'-IMPR[=O]'PRIATOR, an impropriator who is a layman (see IMPROPRIATOR); LAY'-LORD, a civil lord of the Admiralty; LAY'MAN, one of the laity: a non-professional man; LAY'-READ'ER, in the Anglican Church, a layman who receives authority to read the lessons or a part of the service, and who may in certain cases preach or read the sermons of others. [O. Fr. _lai_--L. _laicus_--Gr. _laikos_--_laos_, the people.]

LAY-DAY, l[=a]'-d[=a], _n._ one of a number of days allowed a charter-party for shipping or unshipping cargo.

LAYER, l[=a]'[.e]r, _n._ a stratum--better LAIR (q.v.). See LAY.

LAYETTE, l[=a]-yet', _n._ a baby's complete outfit: a tray for carrying powder in powder-mills. [Fr.]

LAY-FIGURE, l[=a]'-fig'[=u]r, _n._ a jointed figure used by painters in imitation of the human body, as a model for drapery: a living person or a fictitious character wanting in individuality.--Also LAY'-MAN.

LAZAR, l[=a]'zar, _n._ one afflicted with a loathsome and pestilential disease like Lazarus, the beggar.--_ns._ L[=A]'ZAR-HOUSE, a lazaretto; LAZ'ARIST, a member of a R.C. order, the Congregation of the Priests of the Mission, founded by St Vincent de Paul in 1624.--_adj._ L[=A]'ZAR-LIKE, like a lazar: full of sores: leprous. [Fr. _lazare_--L.,--Gr. _Lazaros_, in the parable in Luke xvi.--Heb. _El`[=a]z[=a]r_, 'he whom God helps.']

LAZARETTO, laz-a-ret'[=o], _n._ a public hospital for diseased persons, esp. for such as have infectious disorders: a prison hospital: a place where persons are kept during quarantine.--Also LAZ'ARET. [It. _lazzeretto_.]

LAZARONI, laz-a-r[=o]'ni, _n._ Same as LAZZARONI.

LAZULI, laz'[=u]-l[=i]. See LAPIS-LAZULI, under LAPIDARY.

LAZULITE, laz'[=u]-l[=i]t, _n._ a mineral of a light, indigo-blue colour, occurring in quartz and in clay-slate.

LAZY, l[=a]'zi, _adj._ disinclined to exertion: averse to labour: sluggish: tedious.--_v.i._ LAZE, to be lazy.--_adv._ L[=A]'ZILY.--_ns._ L[=A]'ZINESS, state or quality of being lazy; L[=A]'ZY-BED, a bed for growing potatoes, the seed being laid on the surface and covered with earth dug out of trenches along both sides; L[=A]'ZYBONES (_coll._), a lazy person, an idler; L[=A]'ZY-JACK, a jack constructed of compound levers pivoted together; L[=A]'ZY-PIN'ION (see IDLE-WHEEL).--_n.pl._ L[=A]'ZY-TONGS, tongs consisting of a series of diagonal levers pivoted together at the middle and ends, capable of being extended by a movement of the scissors-like handles so as to pick up objects at a distance. [M. E. _lasche_--O. Fr. _lasche_ (Fr. _lâche_), slack, weak, base--L. _laxus_, loose.]

LAZZARONI, laz-a-r[=o]'ni, _n._ name given to the lowest classes in Naples, idle beggars, with no fixed habitation or regular occupation:--_sing._ LAZZARONE. [It.]

LEA, l[=e], _n._ a meadow: grass-land, pasturage.--Older forms, LAY, LEE, LEY. [A.S. _leáh_; cf. prov. Ger. _lohe_, _loh_, found also in place-names, as Water_loo_.]

LEACH, l[=e]ch, _v.t._ to wash or drain away by percolation of water, esp. to make lye by leaching ashes--also LETCH.--_ns._ LEACH'-TROUGH, -TUB, a trough or tub in which ashes are leached.--_adj._ LEACH'Y, liable to be leached, letting water percolate through. [A.S. _leccan_, to moisten.]

LEACH, l[=e]ch, _n._ Same as LEECH.

LEAD, l[=e]d, _v.t._ to show the way by going first: to guide by the hand: to direct: to precede: to transport or carry: to allure.--_v.i._ to go before and show the way: to have a tendency: to exercise dominion:--_pr.p._ lead'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ led.--_n._ first place: precedence: direction: (_naut._) the course of a running rope from end to end: the right of playing the first card in a round or trick: a main conductor in electrical distribution.--_ns._ LEAD'ER, one who leads or goes first: a chief: the leading editorial article in a newspaper (also LEADING ARTICLE): principal wheel in any machinery; LEADERETTE', a brief newspaper leader; LEAD'ERSHIP, state or condition of a leader or conductor; LEAD'ING-BUS'INESS, the acting of the principal parts or rôles in plays; LEAD'ING-M[=O]'TIVE (Ger. _leit-motif_), in dramatic music, a principal theme: a theme, usually of but few tones, by which any personage or particular emotion is indicated by suggestion as often as it occurs; LEAD'ING-QUES'TION, a legal term for a question so put to a witness as to suggest the answer that is wished or expected.--_n.pl._ LEAD'ING-STRINGS, strings used to lead children when beginning to walk: vexatious care or custody.--LEAD APES IN HELL (see APE); LEAD ASTRAY, to draw into a wrong course, to seduce from right conduct; LEAD BY THE NOSE, to make one follow submissively; LEAD IN PRAYER, to offer up prayer in an assembly, uniting the prayers of others; LEAD OFF, to begin or take the start in anything; LEAD ON, to persuade to go on, to draw on; LEAD ONE A DANCE (see DANCE); LEAD UP TO, to bring about by degrees, to prepare for anything by steps or stages. [A.S. _l['æ]dan_, to lead, _lád_, a way; Ger. _leiten_, to lead.]

LEAD, led, _n._ a well-known metal of a bluish-white colour: the plummet for sounding at sea: a thin plate of lead separating lines of type: (_pl._) sheets of lead for covering roofs, a flat roof so covered.--_v.t._ to cover or fit with lead: (_print._) to separate lines with leads.--_n._ LEAD'-ARM'ING, tallow, &c., placed in the hollow of a sounding-lead, to ascertain the nature of the bottom.--_adjs._ LEAD'ED, fitted with or set in lead: (_print._) separated by leads, as the lines of a book, &c.; LEAD'EN, made of lead: heavy: dull; LEAD'EN-HEART'ED, having an unfeeling heart; LEAD'EN-STEP'PING (_Milt._), moving slowly.--_ns._ LEAD'-GLANCE, lead ore, galena; LEAD'-MILL, a mill for grinding white-lead: a leaden disc charged with emery for grinding gems; LEAD'-PEN'CIL, a pencil or instrument for drawing, &c., made of blacklead; LEAD'-POI'SONING, or _Plumbism_, poisoning by the absorption and diffusion of lead in the system, its commonest form, _Lead_ or _Painter's Colic_; LEADS'MAN, a seaman who heaves the lead.--_adj._ LEAD'Y, like lead. [A.S. _leád_; Ger. _loth_.]

LEAF, l[=e]f, _n._ one of the lateral organs developed from the stem or axis of the plant below its growing-point: anything beaten thin like a leaf: two pages of a book: one side of a window-shutter, &c.:--_pl._ LEAVES (l[=e]vz).--_v.i._ to shoot out or produce leaves:--_pr.p._ leaf'ing; _pa.p._ leafed.--_ns._ LEAF'AGE, leaves collectively: abundance of leaves: season of leaves or leafing; LEAF'-BRIDGE, a form of drawbridge in which the rising leaf or leaves swing vertically on hinges; LEAF'-BUD, a bud producing a stem with leaves only; LEAF'INESS; LEAF'-IN'SECT, an orthopterous insect of family _Phasmidæ_, the wing-covers like leaves.--_adj._ LEAF'LESS, destitute of leaves.--_ns._ LEAF'LET, a little leaf, a tract; LEAF'-MET'AL, metal, especially alloys imitating gold and silver, in very thin leaves, for decoration; LEAF'-MOULD, earth formed from decayed leaves, used as a soil for plants; LEAF'-STALK, the petiole supporting the leaf.--_adj._ LEAF'Y, full of leaves.--TAKE A LEAF OUT OF ONE'S BOOK (see BOOK); TURN OVER A NEW LEAF, to take up a new and better course of conduct. [A.S. _leáf_; Ger. _laub_, Dut. _loof_, a leaf.]

LEAGUE, l[=e]g, _n._ a nautical measure, 1/20th of a degree, 3 geographical miles, 3.456 statute miles: an old measure of length, varying from the Roman league, 1.376 mod. Eng. miles, to the French, 2.764 miles, and the Spanish, 4.214 miles. [O. Fr. _legue_ (Fr. _lieue_)--L. _leuca_, a Gallic mile of 1500 Roman paces; from the Celt., as in Bret. _leó_.]

LEAGUE, l[=e]g, _n._ a bond or alliance: union for mutual advantage.--_v.i._ to form a league: to unite for mutual interest:--_pr.p._ leag'uing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ leagued.--_n._ LEAG'UER, one connected with a league. [Fr. _ligue_--Low L. _liga_--L. _lig[=a]re_, to bind.]

LEAGUER, l[=e]g'[.e]r, _n._ a camp, esp. of a besieging army: siege or besiegement. [Dut. _leger_, a lair.]

LEAK, l[=e]k, _n._ a crack or hole in a vessel through which liquid may pass: the oozing of any fluid through an opening.--_v.i._ to let any fluid into or out of a vessel through a leak.--_ns._ LEAK'AGE, a leaking: that which enters or escapes by leaking: an allowance for leaking; LEAK'INESS.--_adj._ LEAK'Y, having leaks: letting any liquid in or out.--LEAK OUT, to find vent, to get to the public ears; SPRING A LEAK, to begin to let in water. [Ice. _leka_; Dut. _lekken_, to drip.]

LEAL, l[=e]l, _adj._ true-hearted, faithful.--LAND O' THE LEAL, the home of the blessed after death--Paradise, not Scotland. [Norm. Fr. _leal_, same as _loyal_.]

LEAM, l[=e]m, _n._ (_obs._) a gleam of light, a glow.--_v.i._ to shine. [A.S. _leóma_.]

LEAN, l[=e]n, _v.i._ to incline or bend: to turn from a straight line: to rest against: to incline towards:--_pr.p._ lean'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ leaned or leant (lent).--_n._ LEAN'-TO, a shed or penthouse whose supports lean upon another building or wall. [A.S. _hlinian_, and causal form _hl['æ]nan_; Dut. _leunen_.]

LEAN, l[=e]n, _adj._ thin, wanting flesh: not fat: unprofitable, taking extra time--a printer's phrase.--_n._ flesh without fat.--_adj._ LEAN'-FACED, having a thin face: (_print._) slender and narrow, as letters.--_adv._ LEAN'LY.--_n._ LEAN'NESS.--_adj._ LEAN'-WIT'TED, of little sense. [A.S. _hl['æ]ne_; Low Ger. _leen_; according to Skeat, from _hl['æ]nan_, to lean (above).]

LEAP, l[=e]p, _v.i._ to move with bounds: to spring upward or forward: to jump: to rush with vehemence.--_v.t._ to bound over: to cause to take a leap: to cover or copulate (of some beasts):--_pr.p._ leap'ing; _pa.t._ leaped or leapt (lept); _pa.p._ leaped, rarely leapt.--_n._ act of leaping: bound: space passed by leaping: sudden transition.--_ns._ LEAP'-FROG, a play in which one boy places his hands on the back of another stooping in front of him, and vaults over his head; LEAP'ING-HOUSE (_Shak._), a brothel; LEAP'ING-TIME (_Shak._), youth; LEAP'-YEAR, every fourth year--of 366 days, adding one day in February.--LEAP IN THE DARK, an act of which we cannot foresee the consequences. [A.S. _hleápan_, pa.t. _hleóp_; Ger. _laufen_, to run.]

LEAP, l[=e]p, _n._ a basket: a wicker net. [A.S. _leáp_.]

LEAR, l[=e]r, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to learn.--_n._ that which is learned, a lesson: (_Scot._) learning.

LEARN, l[.e]rn, _v.t._ to acquire knowledge of, to get to know: to gain power of performing: (_prov._) to teach.--_v.i._ to gain knowledge: to improve by example.--_adjs._ LEARN'ABLE, that may be learned; LEARN'ED, having learning: versed in literature, &c.: skilful.--_adv._ LEARN'EDLY.--_ns._ LEARN'EDNESS; LEARN'ER, one who learns: one who is yet in the rudiments of any subject; LEARN'ING, what is learned: knowledge: scholarship: skill in languages or science.--NEW LEARNING, the awakening to classical learning in England in the 16th century, led by Colet, Erasmus, Warham, More, &c. [A.S. _leornian_; Ger. _lernen_; cf. A.S. _l['æ]ran_ (Ger. _lehren_), to teach.]

LEASE, l[=e]s, _n._ a contract letting a house, farm, &c. for a term of years: the duration or term of tenure: any tenure.--_v.t._ to let for a term of years:--_pr.p._ leas'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ leased.--_adjs._ LEAS'ABLE; LEASE'HOLD, held by lease or contract.--_n._ a tenure held by lease.--_ns._ LEASE'HOLDER; LEAS'ER, one who leases. [Fr. _laisser_, to leave--L. _lax[=a]re_, to loose, _laxus_, loose.]

LEASE, l[=e]z, _v.i._ (_prov._) to glean.--_n._ LEAS'ING, gleaning. [A.S. _lesan_, to gather.]

LEASE, l[=e]s, _n._ in weaving, the plane in which the warp-threads cross: this system of crossing.

LEASH, l[=e]sh, _n._ a lash or line by which a hawk or hound is held: a brace and a half, three.--_v.t._ to hold by a leash: to bind. [O. Fr. _lesse_ (Fr. _laisse_), a thong to hold a dog by--L. _laxus_, loose.]

LEASING, l[=e]z'ing, _n._ falsehood, lies: lying. [A.S. _lásung_--_leás_, false, loose; Goth. _laus_, Ice. _los_.]

LEASOWE, l[=e]'s[=o], _n._ a pasture.--_v.t._ to feed or pasture. [A.S. _l['æ]s_, a meadow.]

LEAST, l[=e]st, _adj._ (serves as superl. of LITTLE) little beyond all others: smallest.--_adv._ in the smallest or lowest degree.--_advs._ LEAST'WAYS, LEAST'WISE, at least: however.--AT LEAST, or AT THE LEAST, at the lowest estimate: at any rate. [A.S. _læst_, contr. from _læsast_, from _læssa_ (adj.), less, _læs_ (adv.).]

LEAST, l[=e]st, _conj._ (_Spens._). Same as LEST.

LEAT, LEET, l[=e]t, _n._ (_prov._) a trench for bringing water to a mill-wheel.

LEATHER, leth'[.e]r, _n._ the prepared skin of an animal, tanned, tawed, or otherwise dressed.--_adj._ consisting of leather.--_ns._ LEATH'ER-CLOTH, a textile fabric coated on one face with certain mixtures of a flexible nature when dry, so as to resemble leather--called also _American leather-cloth_, or simply _American cloth_; LEATH'ER-COAT (_Shak._), an apple with a rough coat or rind, the golden russet; LEATHERETTE', cloth or paper made to look like leather; LEATH'ER-HEAD, a blockhead: an Australian bird with a bare head--called also _Monk_ and _Friar_: LEATH'ERING, a thrashing; LEATH'ER-JACK'ET, one of various fishes; LEATH'ER-KNIFE, a knife of curved form for cutting leather.--_adj._ LEATH'ERN, made or consisting of leather.--_p.adj._ LEATH'ER-WINGED (_Spens._), having wings like leather.--_adj._ LEATH'ERY, resembling leather: tough.--FAIR LEATHER, leather not artificially coloured; MOROCCO LEATHER (see MOROCCO); PATENT LEATHER, leather with a finely varnished surface--also JAPANNED or LACQUERED LEATHER; RUSSIA LEATHER, a fine brownish-red leather with a characteristic odour; SPLIT LEATHER, leather split by a machine, for trunk-covers, &c.; WHITE LEATHER, tawed leather, having its natural colour. [A.S. _leðer_, leather; Dut. and Ger. _leder_.]

LEAVE, l[=e]v, _n._ permission: liberty granted: formal parting of friends: farewell. [A.S. _leáf_, permission, cog. with _leóf_, dear. See LIEF.]

LEAVE, l[=e]v, _v.t._ to allow to remain: to abandon, resign: to quit or depart from: to have remaining at death: to bequeath: to refer for decision.--_v.i._ to desist: to cease: to depart:--_pr.p._ leav'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ left.--LEAVE ALONE, to let remain undisturbed; LEAVE IN THE DARK, to conceal information from; LEAVE OFF, to desist, to terminate: to give up using; LEAVE OUT, to omit.--GET LEFT (_coll._), to be beaten or left behind; TAKE FRENCH LEAVE (see FRENCH); TAKE LEAVE, to assume permission: to part, say farewell. [A.S. _l['æ]fan_, to leave a heritage (_láf_), _lifian_, to be remaining.]

LEAVE, l[=e]v, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to levy, to raise.

LEAVE, l[=e]v, _v.i._ to put out leaves.--_adj._ LEAVED, furnished with leaves: made with folds.

LEAVEN, lev'n, _n._ the ferment which makes dough rise in a spongy form: anything that makes a general change, whether good or bad.--_v.t._ to raise with leaven: to taint.--_n._ LEAV'ENING.--_adj._ LEAV'ENOUS, containing leaven. [Fr. _levain_--L. _levamen_--_lev[=a]re_, to raise--_levis_, light.]

LEAVES, l[=e]vz, _pl._ of _leaf_.

LEAVINGS, l[=e]v'ingz, _n.pl._ things left: relics: refuse.--_n._ LEAV'ING-SHOP, an unlicensed pawnshop.

LEAVY, l[=e]v'i, _adj._ (_Shak._). Same as LEAFY.

LECHER, lech'[.e]r, _n._ a man addicted to lewdness.--_v.i._ to practise lewdness.--_adj._ LECH'EROUS, lustful: provoking lust.--_adv._ LECH'EROUSLY.--_ns._ LECH'EROUSNESS, LECH'ERY. [O. Fr. _lecheor_--_lecher_, to lick; from Old High Ger. _lechón_, Ger. _lecken_, Eng. _lick_.]

LECTERN, lek't[.e]rn, _n._ a reading-desk in churches from which the Scripture lessons are read.--_ns._ (_obs._) LEC'TURN, LET'TERN. [Low L. _lectrinum_--Low L. _lectrum_, a pulpit--Gr. _lektron_, a couch.]

LECTION, lek'shun, _n._ a reading: a variety in a manuscript or book: a portion of Scripture read in divine service.--_ns._ LEC'TIONARY, a book for use in worship, containing lessons for particular days; LEC'TOR, a reader: a reader of Scripture in the ancient churches; LEC'TRESS, a female reader. [L. _lection-em_--_leg[)e]re_, _lectum_, to read.]

LECTUAL, lek't[=u]-al, _adj._ confining to the bed.

LECTURE, lek't[=u]r, _n._ a discourse on any subject, esp. a professional or tutorial discourse: an expository and discursive religious discourse, usually based on an extended passage of Scripture rather than a single text: an endowed lectureship, as the Bampton, Hulsean, &c.: a formal reproof.--_v.t._ to instruct by discourses: to instruct authoritatively: to reprove.--_v.i._ to give a lecture or lectures.--_ns._ LEC'TURER, one who lectures: one of a class of preachers in the Church of England, chosen by the vestry and supported by voluntary contributions; LEC'TURESHIP, the office of a lecturer. [See LECTION.]

LED, led, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of lead, to show the way.--_adj._ under leading or control, esp. of a farm or place managed by a deputy instead of the owner or tenant in person.--LED CAPTAIN, an obsequious attendant, a henchman; LED HORSE, a spare horse led by a servant, a sumpter-horse or pack-horse.

LEDEN, led'n, _n._ (_Spens._) language, dialect, speech. [A.S. _l['æ]den_, Latin speech--L. _Latinum_, Latin.]

LEDGE, lej, _n._ a shelf on which articles may be laid: that which resembles such a shelf: a ridge or shelf of rocks: a layer: a small moulding: a lode in mining.--_adj._ LEDG'Y, abounding in ledges. [Skeat explains as Scand., allied to Sw. _lagg_, Ice. _lögg_, Norw. _logg_ (pl. _legger_); cf. also Norw. _lega_, a couch; all from Ice. _liggja_; Sw. _ligga_, Dan. _ligge_, to lie.]

LEDGER, lej'[.e]r, _n._ the principal book of accounts among merchants, in which the entries in all the other books are entered: (_Shak._) a resident, esp. an ambassador: a bar, stone, &c., made to lie flat, a piece of timber used in making a scaffolding, a horizontal slab, as over a tomb.--_adj._ lying in a certain place, stationary. [Skeat explains _ledger-book_ as one that lies always ready, from Dut. _legger_, one that lies down, _leggen_, to lie, a common corr. of _liggen_, to lie (like _lay_ for _lie_ in English).]

LEDUM, l[=e]'dum, _n._ a genus of ericaceous plants. [Gr. _l[=e]don_, ladanum.]

LEE, l[=e], _n._ the quarter toward which the wind blows.--_adj._ as in LEE'-SIDE, the sheltered side of a ship.--_ns._ LEE'-BOARD, a board lowered on the lee-side of a vessel, and acting like a keel or centre-board to prevent her from drifting to leeward; LEE'-GAGE, the sheltered or safe side:--opp. to _Weather-gage_; LEE'-SHORE, the shore opposite to the lee-side of a ship; LEE'-TIDE, a tide running in the same direction as the wind is blowing.--_adj._ LEE'WARD, pertaining to, or in, the direction toward which the wind blows.--_adv._ toward the lee.--_n._ LEE'WAY, the distance a ship is driven to leeward of her true course: a falling behind.--MAKE UP LEEWAY, to make up for time lost; UNDER THE LEE, on the side sheltered from the wind, under shelter from the wind. [A.S. _hleów_, shelter; Ice. _hlé_, Low Ger. _lee_; prov. Eng. _lew_.]

LEE, l[=e], _n._ (_Spens._) a river: also the same as LEA.

LEECH, l[=e]ch, _n._ the edge of a sail at the sides. [Ice. _lík_, a leech-line; Dan. _lig_; Sw. _lik_, a bolt-rope.]

LEECH, l[=e]ch, _n._ a blood-sucking worm: a physician.--_v.t._ to apply leeches to.--_ns._ LEECH'CRAFT, LEECH'DOM. [A.S. _l['æ]ce_, one who heals; cf. Goth. _leikeis_.]

LEEF, l[=e]f, _adj._ an obsolete form of _lief_.

LEEFANG, l[=e]'fang, _n._ a rope through the clew of a jib, holding it amidships while lacing on the bonnet.

LEEK, l[=e]k, _n._ a well-known biennial species of the onion family, esteemed for cooking--national emblem of Wales.--EAT THE LEEK, to be compelled to take back one's words or put up with insulting treatment--from the scene between Fluellen and Pistol in _Henry V_. [A.S. _leác_, a leek, a plant, present also in _Char-lock_, _Gar-lic_, _Hem-lock_.]

LEER, l[=e]r, _n._ a sly, sidelong look: (_Shak._) complexion, colour.--_v.i._ to look askance: to look archly or obliquely.--_adv._ LEER'INGLY, with a leering look. [A.S. _hleór_, face, cheek; Ice. _hlýr_.]

LEES, l[=e]z, _n.pl._ sediment or dregs that settle at the bottom of liquor. [Fr. _lie_--Low L. _lia_.]

LEESE, l[=e]z, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to lose. [A.S. _leósan_, to lose.]

LEET, l[=e]t, _n._ (_Scot._) a selected list of candidates for an office.--SHORT LEET, a small list of selected candidates--for the final choice. [Ice. _leiti_, a share; cf. A.S. _hlét_, _hlýt_, forms of _hlot_, lot.]

LEET, l[=e]t, _n._ an ancient English court, esp. the assembly of the men of a township: the district subject to such: the right to hold such a court.--_n._ COURT'-LEET (see COURT). [A.S. _l['æ]th_.]

LEETLE, l[=e]'tl, a vulgarism for _little_.

LEEZE, l[=e]z (_Scot._), in phrase LEEZE ME, it is pleasing to me. [Prob. a corr. of _Lief is me_.]

LEFT, left, _pa.p._ (_Spens._) lifted.

LEFT, left, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of leave.--_adj._ LEFT'-OFF, laid aside.

LEFT, left, _adj._ being on the left side--also LEFT'-HAND.--_n._ the side opposite to the right: the part of an assembly sitting on the president's left hand, generally the more liberal or democratic section.--_adv._ toward the left.--_adj._ LEFT'-HAND'ED, having the left hand stronger and readier than the right: awkward: unlucky.--_ns._ LEFT'-HAND'EDNESS; LEFT'-HAND'ER, a blow with the left hand, a sudden and unexpected attack; LEFT'-HAND'INESS, awkwardness.--_adv._ LEFT'WARD, towards the left: on the left side. [M. E. _lift_, _left_--A.S. _left_ for _lyft_, weak; prob. allied to _lop_.]

LEG, leg, _n._ one of the limbs by which animals walk: a long, slender support of anything, as of a table: (_fig._) something that supports: in cricket, that part of the field, or that fielder, to the left of and behind the batsman as he faces the bowler.--_v.i._ to pass on briskly, often with indef. _it._--_ns._ LEG'-BAIL (see BAIL); LEG'-BUS'INESS, ballet-dancing; LEG'-BYE, in cricket, a run made when the ball touches any part of the batsman's person except his hand.--_adj._ LEGGED, having legs.--_ns._ LEG'GING, an outer and extra gaiter-like covering for the legs; LEG'GISM, character of a blackleg.--_adj._ LEG'GY, having disproportionately long and lank legs.--_n._ LEG'-[=I]'RON, a fetter for the leg.--_adj._ LEG'LESS, without legs.--CHANGE THE LEG (of a horse), to change the gait; FEEL ONE'S LEGS (of an infant), to begin to support one's self on the legs; FIND ONE'S LEGS, to become habituated to, to attain ease in; GIVE A LEG TO, to assist by supporting the leg; IN HIGH LEG, in great excitement; MAKE A LEG (_Shak._), to make a bow; ON ONE'S LAST LEGS (see LAST); ON ONE'S LEGS, standing, esp. to speak; UPON ITS LEGS, in an independent position. [Ice. _leggr_, a leg; Dan. _læg_, Sw. _lägg_.]

LEGACY, leg'a-si, _n._ that which is left to one by will: a bequest of personal property.--_ns._ LEG'ACY-HUNT'ER, one who hunts after legacies by courting those likely to leave them; LEG'ATARY, a legatee; LEGATEE', one to whom a legacy is bequeathed.--LEGACY DUTY, a duty levied on legacies, varying according to degree of relationship, and reaching its maximum where the legatee is not related to the testator.--CUMULATIVE, or SUBSTITUTIONAL, LEGACY, a second legacy given to the same person, either in addition to or in place of the first; DEMONSTRATIVE LEGACY, a general legacy, but with a particular fund named from which it is to be satisfied; GENERAL LEGACY, a sum of money payable out of the assets generally; RESIDUARY LEGATEE, the person to whom the remainder of the property is left after all claims are discharged; SPECIFIC LEGACY, a legacy of a definite thing, as jewels, pictures, a sum of stock in the Funds, &c. [L. _legatum_--_leg[=a]re_, to leave by will.]

LEGAL, l[=e]'gal, _adj._ pertaining to, or according to, law: lawful: created by law: (_theol._) according to the Mosaic law or dispensation.--_n._ L[=E]'GALIS[=A]TION.--_v.t._ L[=E]'GALISE, to make legal or lawful: to authorise: to sanction.--_ns._ L[=E]'GALISM, strict adherence to law: (_theol._) the doctrine that salvation depends on strict adherence to the law, as distinguished from the doctrine of salvation by grace: the tendency to observe the letter rather than the spirit of religious law; L[=E]'GALIST; LEGAL'ITY.--_adv._ L[=E]'GALLY.--LEGAL TENDER, that which can be lawfully used in paying a debt. [Fr.,--L. _legalis_--_lex_, _legis_, law.]

LEGATE, leg'[=a]t, _n._ an ambassador, esp. from the Pope: a delegate, deputy, esp. a foreign envoy chosen by the senate of ancient Rome, or a general or consul's lieutenant.--_n._ LEG'ATESHIP.--_adj._ Leg'at[=i]ne, of or relating to a legate.--_n._ LEG[=A]'TION, the person or persons sent as legates or ambassadors: the official abode of a legation. [Fr. _légat_, It. _legato_--L. _legatus_--_leg[=a]re_, to send with a commission.]

LEGATEE. See LEGACY.

LEGATO, l[=a]-gä'to, _adj._ (_mus._) in a smooth manner, the notes being played as if bound together.--_n._ a smooth manner of performance, or a tune so played.--_adv._ (_sup._) LEGATISS'IMO. [It.,--L. _lig[=a]re_, to tie.]

LEGEND, lej'end, or l[=e]'-, _n._ a marvellous story from early times: the motto on a coat of arms, medal, or coin: an inscription of any kind: a musical composition set to a poetical story.--_n._ LEG'ENDARY, a book of legends: one who relates legends: (_pl._) a chronicle of the lives of saints.--_adj._ consisting of legends: romantic: fabulous.--_n._ LEG'ENDIST, a writer of legends.--GOLDEN LEGEND (see GOLDEN). [Fr.,--Low L. _legenda_, a book of chronicles of the saints read at matins--L. _legendus_--_leg[)e]re_, to read.]

LEGER, lej'[.e]r, _adj._ light: small.--_ns._ LEGER'ITY (_Shak._), lightness; LEG'ER'-LINE (_mus._), one of the short lines added above or below the staff to extend its compass. [O. Fr.,--L. _l[)e]vis_, light.]

LEGERDEMAIN, lej-[.e]r-d[=e]-m[=a]n', _n._ sleight-of-hand: jugglery. [Fr. _léger de main_--L. as if _leviarius_--_levis_, light, Fr. _de_, of, _main_--L. _manus_, hand.]

LEGHORN, leg'horn, _n._ fine plait for bonnets and hats made in Tuscany: a bonnet of this material: a small breed of the common domestic fowl. [_Leghorn_ (It. _Livorno_), a seaport of Tuscany, Italy.]

LEGIBLE, lej'i-bl, _adj._ that may be read: that may be understood.--_ns._ LEG'IBLENESS, LEGIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ LEG'IBLY. [L. _legibilis_--_leg[)e]re_, to read.]

LEGION, l[=e]'jun, _n._ in ancient Rome, a body of soldiers of from three to six thousand: a military force: a great number: in French history, the name of several military bodies, more esp. one which distinguished itself in Algeria and in the Crimea.--_v.t._ to form into legions.--_adj._ L[=E]'GIONARY, relating to, or consisting of, a legion or legions: containing a great number.--_n._ a soldier of a legion.--LEGION OF HONOUR, an order of merit instituted in France in 1802 by Napoleon I.; THUNDERING LEGION, the name in Christian tradition for a body of soldiers under Marcus Aurelius, whose prayers for rain once brought down a thunderstorm and destroyed the enemy. [Fr.,--L. _legion-em_--_leg[)e]re_, to levy.]

LEGISLATE, lej'is-l[=a]t, _v.i._ to bring forward, propose, or make laws.--_n._ LEGISL[=A]'TION.--_adj._ LEG'ISLATIVE, giving or enacting laws: pertaining to legislation, or a legislature.--_n._ a body of persons, or a single person, with powers to enact laws.--_adv._ LEG'ISLATIVELY.--_n._ LEG'ISLATOR, one who makes laws: a lawgiver:--_fem._ LEG'ISLATRESS.--_adj._ LEGISLAT[=O]'RIAL, of or pertaining to a legislature.--_ns._ LEG'ISLATORSHIP; LEG'ISLATURE, the body of men in a state who have the power of making laws.--LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (see ASSEMBLY); LEGISLATIVE POWER, the power to make laws.--CLASS LEGISLATION, legislation affecting the interests of a particular class. [L. _lex_, _legis_, law, _ferre_, _latum_, to bear.]

LEGIST, l[=e]'jist, _n._ one skilled in the laws. [Fr.]

LEGITIM, lej'i-tim, _n._ (_Scots law_) the legal provision which a child is entitled to out of the movable or personal estate of the deceased father.--Also _Bairn's Part_. [Fr.,--L. _legitimus_--_lex_, law.]

LEGITIMATE, le-jit'i-m[=a]t, _adj._ lawful: lawfully begotten, born in wedlock: fairly deduced: following by natural sequence: authorised by usage.--_v.t._ to make lawful: to give the rights of a legitimate child to an illegitimate one.--_n._ LEGIT'IMACY, state of being legitimate: lawfulness of birth: regular deduction: directness of descent as affecting the royal succession.--_adv._ LEGIT'IMATELY.--_ns._ LEGIT'IMATENESS, lawfulness; LEGITIM[=A]'TION, act of rendering legitimate, esp. of conferring the privileges of lawful birth.--_v.t._ LEGIT'IMISE (same as LEGITIMATE).--_n._ LEGIT'IMIST, one who supports legitimate authority: in France, a follower of the elder Bourbon line (descendants of Louis XIV.), as opposed to the Orleanists or supporters of the descendants of the Duke of Orleans, Louis XIV.'s brother.--LEGITIMATE DRAMA, a designation frequently applied to the representation of Shakespeare's plays--often employed as vaguely indicating approval of the drama of some former time. [Low L. _legitim[=a]re_. _-[=a]tum_--L. _legitimus_, lawful--_lex_, law.]

LEGUME, leg'[=u]m, _n._ a seed-vessel which splits into two valves, having the seeds attached to the ventral suture only: a pod, as of the pea, bean, &c.--also LEG[=U]'MEN:--_pl._ LEG[=U]'MENS, LEG[=U]'MINA.--_adj._ LEG[=U]'MINAR.--_n._ LEG[=U]'MINE, a nitrogenous proteid substance in the seeds of most leguminous plants, corresponding with the casein of milk.--_adj._ LEG[=U]'MINOUS, pertaining to pulse: bearing legumes. [Fr.,--L. _legumen_--_leg[)e]re_, to gather.]

LEIBNITZIAN, l[=i]b-nit'zi-an, _adj._ pertaining to the great German philosopher and mathematician, Gottfried Wilhelm _Leibnitz_ (1646-1716).--_n._ LEIBNIT'ZIANISM, the philosophy of Leibnitz--the doctrine of primordial monads, pre-established harmony, fundamental optimism on the principle of sufficient reason.

LEIGER, lej'[.e]r, _n._ (_Shak._) a resident ambassador.--Also LEIDG'ER. [See LEDGER.]

LEIOTRICHOUS, l[=i]-ot'ri-kus, _adj._ of the smooth-haired races. [Gr. _leios_, smooth, _thrix_, _trichos_, hair.]

LEIPOA, l[=i]-p[=o]'a, _n._ a genus of Australian mound-birds.

LEISTER, l[=e]s't[.e]r, _n._ (_Scot._) a salmon-spear. [Cf. Ice. _ljóstr_; Dan. _lyster_, a salmon-spear.]

LEISURE, l[=e]'zh[=oo]r, or lezh'-, _n._ time free from employment: freedom from occupation, convenient opportunity, ease.--_adj._ unoccupied.--_adj._ LEI'SURED, not occupied with business.--_adj._ and _adv._ LEI'SURELY, not hasty or hastily.--AT LEISURE, AT ONE'S LEISURE, free from occupation, at one's ease or convenience. [O. Fr. _leisir_--L. _lic[=e]re_, to be permitted.]

LEMAN, l[=e]'man, or lem'-, _n._ a sweetheart; paramour. [A.S. _leóf_, loved, _mann_, man.]

LEMMA, lem'a, _n._ (_math._) a preliminary proposition demonstrated for the purpose of being used in a subsequent proposition: sometimes in logic a premise taken for granted: a theme:--_pl._ LEMM'AS, LEMM'ATA. [L.,--Gr. _l[=e]mma_--_lambanein_, to take.]

LEMMING, lem'ing, _n._ a genus of rodents, nearly allied to voles, migrating southward in great numbers. [Norw. _lemende_, _lemming_--_lemja_, to beat. Perh. Lapp, _loumek_, a lemming.]

LEMNIAN, lem'ni-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Lemnos_ in the Ægean Sea.--LEMNIAN EARTH, cimolite; LEMNIAN RUDDLE, a red chalk found in Lemnos.

LEMNISCATE, lem-nis'k[=a]t, _n._ a curve in general form like the figure 8--also _adj._--_n._ LEMNIS'CUS, a woollen fillet attached to the back of crowns, diadems, &c. [Gr. _l[=e]mniskos_.]

LEMON, lem'un, _n._ an oval fruit resembling the orange, with an acid pulp: the tree that bears lemons.--_n._ LEMONADE', a drink made of lemon-juice, water, and sugar.--_adj._ LEM'ON-COL'OURED, having the colour of a ripe lemon.--_ns._ LEM'ON-GRASS, a fragrant perennial grass, in India, Arabia, &c., yielding an essential oil used in perfumery; LEM'ON-SQUASH, unfervescent lemonade; LEM'ON-SQUEEZ'ER, a small hand-press for extracting the juice of lemons; LEM'ON-YELL'OW, a clear, pale yellow colour. [Fr. _limon_--Ar. _l[=i]m[=u]n_.]

LEMUR, l[=e]'mur, _n._ a genus of mammals appearing to stand between the Insectivora and the monkeys, forest dwellers, mainly nocturnal in habits, common in Madagascar. [L. _lemur_, a ghost.]

LEMURES, lem'[=u]-r[=e]z, _n.pl._ (_Milt._) spirits of the departed: spectres. [L.]

LEND, lend, _v.t._ to give for a short time something to be returned: to afford, grant, or furnish, in general: to let for hire.--_v.i._ to make a loan:--_pr.p_ lend'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ lent.--_ns._ LEND'ER; LEND'ING, the act of giving in loan: (_Shak._) that which is lent or supplied. [A.S. _l['æ]nan_--_l['æ]n_, _lán_, a loan.]

LENGTH, length, _n._ quality of being long: extent from end to end: the longest measure of anything: long continuance: detail: (_prosody_) time occupied in uttering a vowel or syllable: the quality of a vowel as long or short: any definite portion of a known extent.--_v.t._ LENGTH'EN, to increase in length: to draw out.--_v.i._ to grow longer.--_adv._ LENGTH'ILY.--_n._ LENGTH'INESS.--_adv._ LENGTH'WISE, in the direction of the length.--_adj._ LENGTH'Y, of great length: rather long--(_obs._) LENGTH'FUL.--LENGTH OF DAYS, prolonged life.--AT LENGTH, in the full extent: at last; GO GREAT LENGTHS, GO TO ALL LENGTHS, to use extreme efforts; GO TO THE LENGTH OF, to proceed as far as. [A.S.,--_lang_, long.]

LENIENT, l[=e]'ni-ent, _adj._ softening: mild: merciful.--_n._ (_med._) that which softens: an emollient.--_ns._ L[=E]'NIENCE, L[=E]'NIENCY.--_adv._ L[=E]'NIENTLY.--_v.t._ L[=E]'NIFY (_rare_), to assuage.--_adj._ LEN'ITIVE, mitigating: laxative.--_n._ any palliative: (_med._) an application for easing pain: a mild purgative.--_n._ LEN'ITY, mildness: clemency. [L. _leniens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _len[=i]re_, to soften--_lenis_, soft.]

LENO, l[=e]'n[=o], _n._ a thin linen like muslin.

LENOCINIUM, l[=e]-n[=o]-sin'i-um, _n._ (_Scots law_) a husband's connivance at his wife's adultery. [L.]

LENS, lenz, _n._ (_optics_) a piece of transparent substance with one or both sides convex or concave, the object to refract rays of light really or apparently radiating from a point, and make them deviate so as to pass, or travel on as if they had passed, through another point: the crystalline humour of the eye: a genus of leguminous plants:--_pl._ LENS'ES. [L. _lens_, _lentis_, the lentil.]

LENT, lent, _n._ an annual fast of forty days in commemoration of the fast of our Saviour (Matt. iv. 2), from Ash-Wednesday to Easter.--_adj._ LENT'EN, relating to, or used in, Lent: sparing.--_n._ LENT'-LIL'Y, the daffodil, as flowering in Lent. [A.S. _lencten_, the spring; Dut. _lente_, Ger. _lenz_.]

LENTAMENTE, len-ta-men'te, _adv._ (_mus._) slowly, in slow time.--_advs._ LENTAN'DO, becoming slower by degrees; LEN'TO, slow, slowly. [It.]

LENTICULAR, len-tik'[=u]-lar, _adj._ resembling a lens or lentil seed: double-convex--also LEN'TIFORM.--_n._ LEN'TICEL (_bot._), a loose, lens-shaped mass of cells belonging to the corky layer or periderm of plants.--_adj._ LENTICEL'LATE.--_n._ LENTIC'ULA, a small lens: a lenticel: a freckle--also LEN'TICULE.--_adv._ LENTIC'ULARLY.--_adjs._ LENTIG'EROUS, having a crystalline lens; LEN'TOID, lens-shaped. [L. _lenticularis_--_lenticula_, dim. of _lens_, a lentil.]

LENTIGO, len-t[=i]'g[=o], _n._ a freckle.--_adjs._ LENTIG'INOSE, LENTIG'INOUS (_bot._), covered with minute dots as if dusted. [L.]

LENTIL, len'til, _n._ an annual plant, common near the Mediterranean, bearing pulse used for food. [O. Fr. _lentille_--L. _lens_, _lentis_, the lentil.]

LENTISK, len'tisk, _n._ the mastic-tree. [L. _lentiscus_.]

LENTOR, len'tor, _n._ tenacity, viscidity.--_adj._ LEN'TOUS. [L. _lentus_, slow.]

LENVOY, len-voi', _n._ a kind of postscript appended to a literary composition: an envoy. [O. Fr. _l'envoi_.]

LEO, l[=e]'[=o], _n._ the Lion, the 5th sign of the zodiac.

LEONINE, l[=e]'o-n[=i]n, _adj._ of or like a lion.

LEONINE, l[=e]'o-n[=i]n, _adj._ a kind of Latin verse, generally alternate hexameter and pentameter, rhyming at the middle and end. [From _Leoninus_, a 12th-cent. canon in Paris; or from Pope _Leo_ II.]

LEOPARD, lep'ard, _n._ an animal of the cat kind, with a spotted skin, now generally supposed to be identical with the panther:--_fem._ LEOP'ARDESS: (_her._) a lion passant gardant. [O. Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _leopardos_--_le[=o]n_, lion, _pardos_, pard.]

LEPER, lep'[.e]r, _n._ one affected with leprosy.--_adjs._ LEP'EROUS (_Shak._), LEP'ROUS. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _lepra_--_lepros_, scaly--_lepos_, a scale--_lepein_, to peel off.]

LEPID, lep'id, _adj._ pleasant, jocose. [L. _lepidus_.]

LEPIDODENDRON, lep-i-do-den'dron, _n._ a common fossil plant of the Carboniferous strata, the stem covered with ovate leaf-scars arranged spirally. [Gr. _lepis_, -_idos_, a scale, _dendron_, a tree.]

LEPIDOPTERA, lep-i-dop't[.e]r-a, _n.pl._ an order of insects, with four wings covered with fine scales--butterfly, moth, &c.--_adjs._ LEPIDOP'TERAL, LEPIDOP'TEROUS. [Gr. _lepis_, -_idos_, a scale, _pteron_, a wing.]

LEPIDOSAURIA, lep-i-do-sawr'i-a, _n._ a sub-class or sub-order of Reptilia, with scales and plates--the ophidians and lacertilians, not crocodilians and chelonians. [Gr. _lepis_, a scale, _sauros_, a lizard.]

LEPIDOSIREN, lep-i-do-s[=i]'ren, _n._ one of the Amazon mud-fishes or Dipnoi. [Gr. _lepis_, a scale, Eng. _siren_.]

LEPIDOSTEUS, lep-i-dos'te-us, _n._ a genus of fishes with rhomboid scales hard like bone. [Gr. _lepis_, -_idos_, a scale, _osteon_, a bone.]

LEPORINE, lep'o-r[=i]n, _adj._ pertaining to or resembling the hare. [L. _leporinus_--_lepus_, _lep[)o]ris_, the hare.]

LEPPED, lep'd, _pa.t._ (_Spens._) leaped.

LEPRECHAUN, LEPRECHAWN, lep'r[=e]-kawn, _n._ a small-sized brownie who helps Irish housewives, mends shoes, grinds meal, &c. [Ir. _luchorpan_, _lu_, small, _corpan_, _corp_, a body--L. _corpus_.]

LEPROSY, lep'ro-si, _n._ a name applied to several different cutaneous diseases of contagious character, now confined to _lepra cutanea_, _elephantiasis_, _Græcorum_, or _Leontiasis_.--_n._ LEP'RA, leprosy: a scurfy, mealy substance on the surface of some plants.--_adjs._ LEP'ROSE, scale-like or scurf-like; LEP'ROUS, affected with leprosy.--_adv._ LEP'ROUSLY.--_ns._ LEP'ROUSNESS, LEPROS'ITY. [See LEPER.]

LEPTOCARDIAN, lep-to-kär'di-an, _adj._ pertaining to the _Leptocardii_, the lowest group of true vertebrates, the lancelets.--_n._ a lancelet, branchiostome, or amphioxus. [Gr. _leptos_, thin, _kardia_, heart.]

LEPTOCEPHALIC, lep-to-se-fal'ik, _adj._ having a narrow skull, as in certain flat-fishes. [Gr. _leptos_, thin, _kephal[=e]_, the head.]

LEPTODACTYL, lep-to-dak'til, _adj._ having small or slender toes. [Gr. _leptos_, thin, _daktylos_, a finger.]

LEPTOLOGY, lep-tol'o-ji, _n._ minute description. [Gr. _leptos_, thin, _logia_--_legein_, to speak.]

LEPTON, lep'ton, _n._ the smallest of modern Greek coins, 100 to the drachma. [Gr.,--_leptos_, small.]

LEPTORRHINE, lep't[=o]-rin, _adj._ with small nose or slender snout. [Gr. _leptos_, thin, _hris_, _hrinos_, nose.]

LEPTOSPERMUM, lep-to-sper'mum, _n._ a genus of Australian trees and shrubs, evergreens, with leaves like those of myrtles--the tea-tree, &c. [Gr. _leptos_, thin, _sperma_, seed.]

LERE, l[=e]r, _n._ (_Spens._) learning a lesson.--_v.t._ to learn: to teach. [_Learn._]

LESBIAN, les'bi-an, _adj._ pertaining to the island of _Lesbos_ in the Ægean Sea, and the adjoining part of the coast of Asia Minor, together forming Æolis, the home of a famous school of lyric poets, including Alcæus and Sappho: amatory, erotic.

LESE-MAJESTIE, l[=e]z'-maj'es-ti, _n._ any crime committed against the sovereign power in a state, treason.--Also LEZE'-MAJ'ESTY. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _læsa majestas_--L. _læsa_--_læd[)e]re_, to hurt, _majestas_, majesty.]

LESION, l[=e]'zhun, _n._ a hurt: (_med._) an injury or wound. [Fr.,--L. _læsion-em_--_læd[)e]re_, _læsum_, to hurt.]

LESS, les, _adj._ (serves as comp. of _little_) diminished: smaller.--_adv._ not so much: in a lower degree.--_n._ a smaller portion: (_B._) the inferior or younger. [A.S. _l['æ]ssa_, less, _l['æ]s_ (adv.); comparative form from a root _lasinn_, feeble, found also in Goth. _lasiws_, weak, Ice. _las_, weakness, not conn. with _little_.]

LESSEE, les-s[=e]', _n._ one to whom a lease is granted.

LESSEN, les'n, _v.t._ to make less, in any sense: to weaken: to degrade.--_v.i._ to become less, shrink.

LESSER, les'[.e]r, _adj._ (_B._) less: smaller: inferior. [A double comp. formed from _less_.]

LESSON, les'n, _n._ a portion of Scripture appointed to be read in divine service: that which a pupil learns at a time: a precept or doctrine inculcated: instruction derived from experience: severe lecture.--_v.t._ to give a lesson to. [Fr. _leçon_--L. _lection-em_--_leg[)e]re_, to read.]

LESSOR, les'or, _n._ one who grants a lease.

LEST, lest, _conj._ that not: for fear that. [From the A.S. phrase _ðý læs ðe_ (for the reason less that=L. _quominus_), the first word being dropped, while the others coalesced into _lest_.]

LEST, lest, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to listen.

LET, let, _v.t._ to slacken or loose restraint upon: to give leave or power to: to allow, permit, suffer: to grant to a tenant or hirer: to cause (with infin. without _to_):--_pr.p._ let'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ let.--_n._ a letting for hire.--_ns._ LET'TER; LET'TING.--LET ALONE, to leave out, not to mention.--_adj._ passive, inactive--also _n._ (_Shak._) forbearance.--LET BLOOD, to open a vein and let the blood run out; LET DOWN, to allow to fall: to bring down; LET GO, to cease holding: to pass by or disregard; LET IN, to allow to enter: to take in or swindle; LET INTO, to admit to the knowledge of; LET OFF, to allow to go free without punishment, to excuse from payment, &c.; LET ON, to allow a thing to be believed, to pretend; LET ONE'S SELF LOOSE, to let go restraint on words or actions, to indulge in extravagant talk or conduct; LET OUT, to allow to get free, to let some secret become known; LET SLIP, to allow to escape: to lose sight of; LET WELL ALONE, to let things remain as they are from fear of making them worse. [A.S. _l['æ]tan_, to permit, pt.t. _lét_, _leót_, pp. _læten_; Ger. _lassen_, Fr. _laisser_, to permit.]

LET, let, _v.t._ (_B._) to prevent.--_n._ (_law_) hinderance, obstruction: delay.--_n._ LET'TER. [A.S. _lettan_, to hinder--_læt_, slow.]

LETCH, lech, _n._ strong desire: a crotchet.

LETHAL, l[=e]'thal, _adj._ death-dealing: deadly: mortal.--_n._ LETHE (_Shak._), death.--_adj._ LETHIF'EROUS, carrying death. [L. _lethalis_--_lethum_, _letum_, death.]

LETHARGY, leth'ar-ji, _n._ heavy unnatural slumber: dullness.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to make lethargic.--_adjs._ LETHAR'GIC, -AL, pertaining to lethargy: unnaturally sleepy: dull.--_adv._ LETHAR'GICALLY.--_n._ LETHAR'GICNESS, the state of being lethargic: morbid sleepiness.--_v.t._ LETH'ARGISE. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _l[=e]thargia_, drowsy forgetfulness--_l[=e]th[=e]_, forgetfulness.]

LETHE, l[=e]'th[=e], _n._ one of the rivers of hell causing forgetfulness of the past to all who drank of it: oblivion.--_adj._ LETH[=E]'AN, of Lethe: oblivious. [Gr.,--_l[=e]th[=o]_, old form of _lanthanein_, to forget.]

LETTER, let'[.e]r, _n._ a conventional mark to express a sound: a written or printed message: literal meaning: a printing-type: (_pl._) learning, literary culture.--_v.t._ to stamp letters upon.--_ns._ LETT'ER-BAL'ANCE, a balance for testing the weight of a letter for post; LETT'ER-BOARD (_print._), board on which matter in type is placed for keeping or convenience in handling; LETT'ER-BOOK, a book in which letters or copies of letters are kept; LETT'ER-BOX, a box in a post-office, at the door of a house, &c., for receiving letters; LETT'ER-CARR'IER, a postman; LETT'ER-CASE, a portable writing-desk.--_adj._ LETT'ERED, marked with letters: educated: versed in literature: belonging to learning (LETTERED PROOF and PROOF BEFORE LETTERS; see PROOF).--_ns._ LETT'ERER; LETT'ER-FOUND'ER, one who founds or casts letters or types; LETT'ERING, the act of impressing letters: the letters impressed.--_adj._ LETT'ERLESS, illiterate.--_ns._ LETT'ER-MISS'IVE, an official letter on matters of common interest, sent to members of a church: a letter from the sovereign addressed to a dean and chapter, naming the person they are to elect bishop--also _Royal letter_; LETT'ERN (same as LECTERN); LETT'ER-OF-CRED'IT, a letter authorising credit or cash to a certain sum to be paid to the bearer; LETT'ER-OF-MARQUE (märk), a commission given to a private ship by a government to make reprisals on the vessels of another state.--_adj._ LETT'ER-PER'FECT, kept in the memory exactly (of an actor's part, &c.).--_ns._ LETT'ERPRESS, letters impressed or matter printed from type, as distinguished from engraving: a copying-press; LETT'ERS-P[=A]'TENT, a writing conferring a patent or authorising a person to enjoy some privilege, so called because written on open sheets of parchment; LETT'ER-STAMP, a post-office implement for defacing a postage-stamp: a stamp for imprinting dates, &c., on letters or papers; LETT'ER-WOOD, the heart-wood of a tree found in British Guiana, dark brown, with darker spots somewhat resembling hieroglyphics; LETT'ER-WRIT'ER, one who writes letters, esp. for hire: a book containing forms for imitation in writing letters.--LETTER OF INDICATION (see CIRCULAR); LETTERS OF ADMINISTRATION, a document issued by court appointing an administrator of an intestate estate; LETTERS REQUISITORY, or ROGATORY, an instrument by which a court of one country asks that of another to take certain evidence on its behalf; LETTRE DE CACHET (see CACHET). [Fr. _lettre_--L. _littera_.]

LETTIC, let'ik, _adj._ of or pertaining to the _Letts_ or Lithuanians, or to their language.--Also LETT'ISH.

LETTING, let'ing, _n._ the act of granting to a tenant: the act of giving to a contractor.

LETTUCE, let'is, _n._ a plant containing a milky juice, its leaves used as a salad. [O. Fr. _laictuce_ (Fr. _laitue_)--L. _lactuca_--_lac_, milk.]

LEUCÆMIA, l[=u]-s[=e]'mi-a, _n._ a disease in which the number of white corpuscles in the blood is greatly increased, with changes in the lymphatic tissues, enlargement of the spleen, &c.--Also LEUCOCYTHÆ'MIA. [Gr. _leukos_, white, _haima_, blood.]

LEUCINE, l[=u]'sin, _n._ a product of the decomposition of albuminous materials occurring in many of the juices of the animal body. [Gr. _leukos_, white.]

LEUCISCUS, l[=u]-sis'kus, _n._ a genus of fresh-water fishes of the Cyprinoid family, including the roach, dace, chub, minnow, &c. [Gr. _leukos_, white.]

LEUCITE, l[=u]'s[=i]t, _n._ a whitish mineral occurring only in volcanic rocks.--_adj._ LEUCIT'IC. [Gr. _leukos_, white.]

LEUCOCYTE, l[=u]'k[=o]-s[=i]t, _n._ a white corpuscle of the blood or lymph (see PHAGOCYTE).--_adj._ LEUCOCYT'IC.--_ns._ LEUCOCYTOG'ENESIS, the production of leucocytes; LEUCOCYT[=O]'SIS, the presence of an excessive number of white corpuscles in the blood.

LEUCOCYTHÆMIA. See LEUCÆMIA.

LEUCOL, l[=u]'kol, _n._ an organic base obtained by the distillation of coal-tar. [Gr. _leukos_, white.]

LEUCOMA, l[=u]-k[=o]'ma, _n._ a white opacity of the cornea, the result of acute inflammation. [Gr. _leukos_, white.]

LEUCOMAINE, l[=u]'k[=o]-m[=a]n, _n._ an alkaloid found in living animal tissue:--opp. to _Ptomaine_ (q.v.).

LEUCORRHOEA, l[=u]-k[=o]-r[=e]'a, _n._ an abnormal mucous or muco-purulent discharge from the vagina, the whites. [Gr. _leukos_, white, _hroia_--_hrein_, to flow.]

LEUCOSIS, l[=u]-k[=o]'sis, _n._ whiteness of skin, pallor.--_ns._ LEUCISM (l[=u]'sizm), whiteness resulting from lack of colour, albinism; LEUCOP'ATHY, albinism.--_adj._ LEU'COUS, white, albinotic. [Gr. _leukos_, white.]

LEVANT, le-vant', _n._ the point where the sun rises: the East: the coasts of the Mediterranean east of Italy.--_adj._ LEV'ANT, or L[=E]'VANT, eastern.--_n._ LEVANT'ER, a strong easterly wind in the Levant.--_adj._ LEVANT'INE, belonging to the Levant. [Fr. _levant_--L. _lev[=a]re_, to raise.]

LEVANT, le-vant', _v.i._ to decamp.--_n._ LEVANT'ER, one who runs away dishonourably, who dodges paying his bets, &c. [Sp. _levantar_, to move--L. _lev[=a]re_, to raise.]

LEVATOR, le-v[=a]'tor, _n._ that which raises (of a muscle):--opp. to _Depressor_. [L. _lev[=a]re_, to raise.]

LEVEE, lev'[=a], lev'[=e], le-v[=e]', _n._ a morning assembly of visitors: an assembly received by a sovereign or other great personage.--_v.t._ to attend the levee of. [Fr. _lever_, to rise.]

LEVEE, le-v[=e]', _n._ an artificial bank, as that of the Lower Mississippi: a quay. [Fr.]

LEVEL, lev'el, _n._ a horizontal line or surface: a surface without inequalities: proper position: usual elevation: state of equality: the line of direction: an instrument for showing the horizontal.--_adj._ horizontal: even, smooth: even with anything else: uniform: well-balanced, sound of judgment: in the same line or plane: equal in position or dignity.--_v.t._ to make horizontal: to make flat or smooth: to make equal: to take aim:--_pr.p._ lev'elling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ lev'elled.--_ns._ LEV'EL-CROSS'ING, or GRADE'-CROSS'ING, a place at which a common road crosses a railway at the same level; LEV'ELLER, one who levels or makes equal, esp. one of an ultra-republican and revolutionary sect or party which grew up in the parliamentary army in 1647, crushed by Cromwell in 1649; LEV'ELLING, the act of making uneven surfaces level: the process of finding the differences in level between different points on the surface of the earth by means of a LEVELLING INSTRUMENT, consisting of a telescope carrying a parallel and sensitive spirit-level, adjustable by means of screws; LEV'ELLING-ROD, -STAFF, an instrument used in levelling, in conjunction with a levelling instrument, or with a spirit-level and a telescope.--_adv._ LEV'ELLY, evenly.--_n._ LEV'ELNESS, state of being level, even, or equal.--LEVEL DOWN or UP, to lower or raise to the same level or status; DO ONE'S LEVEL BEST (_coll._) to do one's utmost. [O. Fr. _livel_, _liveau_ (Fr. _niveau_)--L. _libella_, a plummet, dim. of _libra_, a balance.]

LEVER, l[=e]'v[.e]r, _n._ a bar of metal or other substance turning on a support called the fulcrum or prop, for imparting pressure or motion from a source of power to a resistance--of three kinds, according to the relative positions of the power, weight, and fulcrum: (_fig._) anything which exerts influence: any one of various tools on the principle defined above--in surgery, dentistry, &c.: a removable rod or bar inserted in a machine, to be operated by hand leverage.--_ns._ L[=E]'VERAGE, the mechanical power gained by the use of the lever: advantage gained for any purpose; L[=E]'VER-WATCH, a watch having a vibrating lever in the mechanism of the escapement. [Fr. _levier_--_lever_--L. _lev[=a]re_, to raise.]

LEVER, l[=e]'v[.e]r, _adv._ an obsolete comp. of _lief_.

LEVERET, lev'[.e]r-et, _n._ a hare in its first year. [O. Fr. _levret_ (Fr. _lièvre_)--L. _lepus_, _lep[)o]ris_, a hare.]

LEVIABLE, lev'i-a-bl, _adj._ able to be levied or assessed.

LEVIATHAN, le-v[=i]'a-than, _n._ (_B._) a huge aquatic animal in Job xli., here a crocodile; in Isa. xxvii. 1, apparently the great python of Egyptian monuments: anything of huge size: any huge sea-monster, as in Ps. civ. 26. [Heb. _livy[=a]th[=a]n_--_l[=a]v[=a]h_, to cleave.]

LEVIGATE, lev'i-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to make smooth: to grind to a fine, impalpable powder.--_adj._ made smooth, polished.--_adj._ LEV'IGABLE, capable of being ground down to fine powder.--_n._ LEVIG[=A]'TION. [L. _l[=e]vig[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_l[=e]vis_, smooth; Gr. _leios_, akin to _level_.]

LEVIGATE, lev'i-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to lighten, belittle. [L. _l[)e]vig[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_l[)e]vis_, light.]

LEVIN, lev'n, _n._ (_Spens._) lightning.--Also LEV'EN.

LEVIRATE, lev'i-r[=a]t, _n._ marriage between a man and a childless brother's widow--an obligation amongst the ancient Hebrews.--_adj._ LEVIRAT'ICAL.--_n._ LEVIR[=A]'TION. [L. _levir_, a brother-in-law.]

LEVITATION, lev-i-t[=a]'shun, _n._ act of rendering light: the floating in the air of heavy bodies believed in by spiritualists.--_v.t._ LEV'ITATE, to cause to float.

LEVITE, l[=e]'v[=i]t, _n._ a descendant of _Levi_: an inferior priest of the ancient Jewish Church.--_adjs._ LEVIT'IC, -AL.--_adv._ LEVIT'ICALLY.--_n._ LEVIT'ICUS, the third book of the Old Testament.--LEVITICAL DEGREES, the degrees of kindred within which marriage was forbidden in Lev. xviii. 6-18.

LEVITY, lev'it-i, _n._ lightness of weight: lightness of temper or conduct: thoughtlessness: disposition to trifle: vanity. [L. _levitat-em_--_l[)e]vis_, light.]

LEVOGYRATE (LÆV-), l[=e]-v[=o]-j[=i]'r[=a]t, _adj._ causing to turn toward the left hand.--_n._ LEVOGYR[=A]'TION.--_adj._ LEVOGY'ROUS.

LEVULOSE, lev'[=u]-l[=o]s, _n._ a sugar isomeric with dextrose, but turning the plane of polarisation to the left. [L. _lævus_, left.]

LEVY, lev'i, _v.t._ to raise: to collect by authority, as an army or a tax:--_pr.p._ lev'ying; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ lev'ied.--_n._ the act of collecting by authority: the troops so collected. [L. _lev[=a]re_, to raise.]

LEW, l[=u], _adj._ tepid, lukewarm. [Cf. Ger. _lau_.]

LEWD, l[=u]d, or l[=oo]d, _adj._ lustful: unchaste: debauched: ignorant, vicious, or bad, so in _B._--_adv._ LEWD'LY.--_ns._ LEWD'NESS; LEWD'STER, one addicted to lewdness. [A.S. _l['æ]wede_, ignorant, belonging to the laity, the pa.p. of the verb _l['æ]wan_, to weaken.]

LEWIS, l[=u]'is, _n._ a contrivance for securing a hold on a block of stone to allow of its being raised by a derrick.--Also LEW'ISSON. [Ety. dub.]

LEXICON, leks'i-kon, _n._ a word-book or dictionary.--_adj._ LEX'ICAL, belonging to a lexicon.--_adv._ LEX'ICALLY.--_n._ LEXICOG'RAPHER, one skilled in lexicography.--_adjs._ LEXICOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_ns._ LEXICOG'RAPHIST, LEXICOL'OGIST, one skilled in lexicology; LEXICOG'RAPHY, the art of compiling a dictionary; LEXICOL'OGY, that branch of philology which treats of the proper signification and use of words.--_adjs._ LEXIGRAPH'IC, -AL, pertaining to lexigraphy.--_n._ LEXIG'RAPHY, the art of defining words. [Gr.,--_lexis_, a word, _legein_, to speak.]

LEY, l[=e], _n._ Same as LEA.

LEYDEN JAR, l[=i]'den jär, _n._ a form of condenser for statical electricity, a glass jar coated inside and outside with tinfoil for two-thirds of its height, the inner coating connected with a metallic knob at the top of the jar, usually by means of a loose chain.

LHERZOLITE, ler'z[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ an igneous rock, consisting of a granular aggregate of olivine, pyroxene, enstatite, and picotite. [From Lake _Lherz_.]

LI, l[=e], _n._ a Chinese weight, equal to the one-thousandth of a liang or ounce, and nominally to the Japanese _rin_: a Chinese mile, equal to rather more than one-third of an English mile. [Chinese.]

LIABLE, l[=i]'a-bl, _adj._ able to be bound or obliged: responsible: tending to: subject: (_Shak._) exposed: suitable.--_ns._ LIABIL'ITY, state of being liable: that for which one is liable, an obligation, debt, &c.; L[=I]'ABLENESS, state of being liable.--EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY ACT, an enactment (1880) making employers answerable to their servants for the negligence of those to whom they have delegated their authority; LIMITED LIABILITY, a principle of modern statute law which attempts to limit the responsibilities of shareholders in a partnership, joint-stock company, &c., by the extent of their personal interest therein. [Fr. _lier_--L. _lig[=a]re_, to bind.]

LIAISON, l[=e]-[=a]-zong', _n._ union, or bond of union: connection, esp. if illicit between the sexes: in French, the linking in pronunciation of a final consonant to the succeeding word, when that begins with a vowel. [Fr.--L. _ligation-em_--_lig[=a]re_, to bind.]

LIANA, li-an'a, _n._ a general name for the woody, climbing, and twining plants in tropical forests. [Fr. _liane_--_lier_, to bind--L. _lig[=a]re_, to bind.]

LIANG, lyang, _n._ a Chinese ounce or tael, reckoned as one-third heavier than the ounce avoirdupois.

LIAR, l[=i]'ar, _n._ one who lies. [_Lie_.]

LIARD, l[=i]'ard, _adj._ gray, dapple-gray--(_Scot._) L[=I]'ART, LY'ART. [M. E. _liard_--O. Fr. _liard_, _liart_.]

LIARD, liär, _n._ an old French coin, worth 3 deniers.

LIAS, l[=i]'as, _n._ (_geol._) a formation of argillaceous limestone, &c., underlying the oolitic system.--_adj._ LIAS'SIC, pertaining to the lias formation. [Fr., perh. Bret. _liach_, a stone, Gael. _leac_, a stone.]

LIB, lib, _v.t._ (_prov._) to geld, castrate.

LIBATION, l[=i]-b[=a]'shun, _n._ the pouring forth wine or other liquid in honour of a deity: the liquid poured.--_adj._ L[=I]'BANT, sipping.--_v.t._ L[=I]'BATE (_rare_), to make a libation to.--_adj._ L[=I]'BATORY, pertaining to libation. [L. _libation-em_--_lib[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_; Gr. _leibein_, to pour.]

LIBBARD, lib'bard, _n._ (_Spens._) a leopard.

LIBECCIO, li-bech'[=o], _n._ the south-west wind. [It.]

LIBEL, l[=i]'bel, _n._ a written accusation: any malicious defamatory publication or statement: (_law_) the statement of a plaintiff's grounds of complaint against a defendant.--_v.t._ to defame by a libel: to satirise unfairly: (_law_) to proceed against by producing a written complaint:--_pr.p._ l[=i]'belling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ l[=i]'belled.--_ns._ L[=I]'BELLANT, one who brings a libel; L[=I]'BELLER; L[=I]'BELLING, defaming.--_adj._ L[=I]'BELLOUS, containing a libel: defamatory.--_adv._ L[=I]'BELLOUSLY. [L. _libellus_, dim. of _liber_, a book.]

LIBER, l[=i]'ber, _n._ the bast or inner bark of exogenous plants: a book. [L.]

LIBERAL, lib'[.e]r-al, _adj._ becoming a gentleman: generous: noble-minded: candid: free: free from restraint: general, extensive.--_n._ one who advocates greater freedom in political institutions.--_n._ LIBERALIS[=A]'TION, the process of making liberal.--_v.t._ LIB'ERALISE, to make liberal, or enlightened: to enlarge.--_ns._ LIB'ERALISM, the principles of a Liberal in politics or religion; LIBERAL'ITY, the quality of being liberal: generosity: largeness or nobleness of mind: candour: impartiality.--_adv._ LIB'ERALLY.--_v.t._ LIB'ER[=A]TE, to set free: to release from restraint, confinement, or bondage.--_ns._ LIBER[=A]'TION; LIBER[=A]'TIONIST, one who is in favour of church disestablishment; LIB'ER[=A]TOR, one who liberates or frees.--_adj._ LIB'ER[=A]TORY, tending to liberate.--LIBERAL PARTY, the name adopted by the Whigs (1830) to denote the body formed by their union with the Radicals; LIBERAL UNIONIST, one of that section of the Liberal Party which joined the Conservatives from inability to accede to Mr Gladstone's policy of giving Home Rule to Ireland (1886); GERMAN LIBERALS, a party in German politics, formed by the amalgamation of the Progressist party and the Liberal union, and advocating moderate liberalism in opposition to the policy of Prince Bismarck; NATIONAL LIBERALS, a party in German politics which before 1871 advocated the completion of governmental unity in Germany, as well as supported progressive measures of reform. [Fr.,--L. _liberalis_, befitting a freeman--_liber_, free, akin to _libet_, _lubet_, it pleases.]

LIBERTY, lib'[.e]r-ti, _n._ freedom to do as one pleases: the unrestrained enjoyment of natural rights: power of free choice: privilege: exemption: relaxation of restraint: the bounds within which certain privileges are enjoyed: freedom of speech or action beyond ordinary civility.--_ns._ LIBERT[=A]'RIAN, one who believes in free-will as opposed to necessity; LIBERT[=A]'RIANISM, the doctrine of the freedom of the will, as opposed to necessitarianism; LIBER'TICIDE, a destroyer of liberty; LIBER'TINAGE, debauchery; LIB'ERTINE, formerly one who professed free opinions, esp. in religion: one who leads a licentious life, a rake or debauchee.--_adj._ belonging to a freedman: unrestrained: licentious.--_n._ LIB'ERTINISM, licentiousness of opinion or practice: lewdness or debauchery.--LIBERTY OF INDIFFERENCE, freedom of the will--because before action the will is undetermined as to acting or not acting; LIBERTY OF THE PRESS, liberty to print and publish without previous permission from government.--CAP OF LIBERTY (see BONNET ROUGE, under BONNET); RELIGIOUS LIBERTY, the right of thinking about religion or of worshipping as one likes. [Fr.,--L. _libertas_.]

LIBIDINOUS, li-bid'in-us, _adj._ lustful, lascivious, lewd.--_ns._ LIBID'INIST, a lewd person; LIBIDINOS'ITY, LIBID'INOUSNESS.--_adv._ LIBID'INOUSLY. [Fr.,--L. _libidinosus_--_libido_, desire--_libet_, _lubet_, it pleases.]

LIBKEN, lib'ken, _n._ (_slang_) a place of abode.

LIBRA, l[=i]'bra, _n._ the balance, the seventh sign of the zodiac. [L.]

LIBRARY, l[=i]'brar-i, _n._ a building or room containing a collection of books: a collection of books.--_ns._ LIBR[=A]'RIAN, the keeper of a library; LIBR[=A]'RIANSHIP. [L. _librarium_--_liber_, a book.]

LIBRATE, l[=i]'br[=a]t, _v.t._ to poise: to balance.--_v.i._ to move slightly: to be poised.--_n._ LIBR[=A]'TION, balancing: a state of equipoise: a slight swinging motion.--_adj._ L[=I]'BRATORY.--LIBRATION OF THE MOON, an apparent irregularity in the moon's motion, whereby its globe seems to turn slightly round to each side alternately. [L. _libr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_libra_, balance.]

LIBRETTO, li-bret'[=o], _n._ a book of the words of an opera or other musical composition: the text itself.--_n._ LIBRETT'IST, a writer of librettos. [It., dim. of _libro_--L. _liber_, a book.]

LIBYAN, lib'yan, _adj._ of _Libya_, northern Africa from Egypt to the Atlantic.--_n._ a native thereof.

LICE, l[=i]s, _pl._ of _louse_.

LICENSE, LICENCE, l[=i]'sens, _n._ a being allowed: leave: grant of permission, as for manufacturing a patented article or for the sale of intoxicants: the document by which authority is conferred: excess or abuse of freedom: a departure from rules or standards in art or literature.--_v.t._ L[=I]'CENSE, to grant license to: to authorise or permit.--_adj._ L[=I]'CENSABLE.--_ns._ LICENSEE', one to whom license is granted; L[=I]'CENSER, one who grants license or permission: one authorised to license; L[=I]'CENSURE, act of licensing; LICEN'TIATE, among Presbyterians, a person authorised by a Presbytery to preach: on the Continent, an academical dignity, forming the step from the baccalaureate to the doctorate.--_adj._ LICEN'TIOUS, indulging in excessive freedom: given to the indulgence of the animal passions: dissolute.--_adv._ LICEN'TIOUSLY.--_n._ LICEN'TIOUSNESS.--HIGH LICENSE, a mode of regulating the traffic in alcoholic drinks by exacting a comparatively large sum for the privilege of selling such; SPECIAL LICENSE, license given by the Archbishop of Canterbury permitting the marriage of two specified persons without banns, and at a place and time other than those prescribed by law. [Fr.,--L. _licentia_--_licet_.]

LICHEN, l[=i]'ken, lich'en, _n._ one of an order of cellular flowerless plants: an eruption on the skin.--_adjs._ L[=I]'CHENED, covered with lichens; LICHEN'IC, pertaining to lichens; L[=I]'CHENIFORM.--_ns._ L[=I]'CHENINE, a starch-like substance, found in Iceland moss and other lichens; L[=I]'CHENIST, LICHENOG'RAPHER, one versed in LICHENOG'RAPHY, the description of lichens.--_adjs._ LICHENOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_n._ LICHENOL'OGY, the department of botany relating to lichens.--_adj._ L[=I]'CHENOUS, abounding in, or pertaining to, lichens. [L.,--Gr. _leich[=e]n_--_leichein_, to lick.]

LICHGATE, lich'g[=a]t, _n._ a churchyard gate with a porch to rest the bier under.--_ns._ LICH'WAKE, the wake or watch held over a dead body--also _Likewake_, _Lykewake_, and even _Latewake_; LICH'WAY, the path by which the dead are carried to the grave. [M. E. _lich_--A.S. _líc_ (Ger. _leiche_), _geat_, a gate.]

LICIT, lis'it, _adj._ lawful, allowable.--_adv._ LIC'ITLY. [L.]

LICK, lik, _v.t._ to pass the tongue over: to take in by the tongue: to lap: to beat by repeated blows: (_coll._) to triumph over, overcome.--_n._ a passing the tongue over: a slight smear: (_Scot._) a tiny amount: a blow: (_coll._) an attempt, trial: (_pl._, _Scot._) a thrashing.--_ns._ LICK'ER; LICK'ING, a thrashing; LICK'PENNY (_Scot._), a miserly person; LICK'-PLAT'TER, LICK'-TRENCH'ER, LICK'SPITTLE, a mean, servile dependent.--LICK INTO SHAPE, to give form and method to--from the notion that the she-bear gives form to her shapeless young by licking them; LICK THE DUST, to be slain: to be abjectly servile. [A.S. _liccian_; Ger. _lecken_, L. _ling[)e]re_, Gr. _leichein_.]

LICKERISH, lik'[.e]r-ish, _adj._ dainty: eager to taste or enjoy: tempting.--_adv._ LICK'ERISHLY.--_n._ LICK'ERISHNESS. [Formerly also _liquorish_; a corr. of obsolete _lickerous_, lecherous.]

LICORICE. Same as LIQUORICE.

LICTOR, lik'tor, _n._ an officer who attended the Roman magistrates, bearing an axe and bundle of rods. [L.]

LID, lid, _n._ a cover: that which shuts a vessel: the cover of the eye.--_adjs._ LID'DED, having a lid or lids; LID'LESS, without lid or lids. [A.S. _hlid_ (Dut. _lid_)--_hlídan_, to cover.]

LIE, l[=i], _n._ anything meant to deceive: an intentional violation of truth: anything that misleads.--_v.i._ to utter falsehood with an intention to deceive: to make a false representation:--_pr.p._ ly'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ lied.--LIE IN ONE'S THROAT, to lie shamelessly; LIE OUT OF WHOLE CLOTH, to lie without any foundation whatever; GIVE THE LIE TO, to charge with falsehood; WHITE LIE, a conventional phrase not strictly true: a well-meant falsehood. [A.S. _leógan_ (_lyge_, a falsehood), prov. Eng. _lig_; Dut. _liegen_, Goth. _liugan_, Ger. _lügen_, to lie.]

LIE, l[=i], _v.i._ to rest in a reclining posture: to lean: to press upon: to be situated: to abide: to consist: (_law_) to be sustainable: (_Shak._) to be imprisoned: to lodge, pass the night:--_pr.p._ ly'ing; _pa.t._ lay; _pa.p._ lain, (_B._) l[=i]'en.--_n._ manner of lying: relative position: an animal's lair: (_golf_) position of the ball for striking.--_ns._ L[=I]'ER, LIE'-ABED', one who lies late--also _adj._--LIE ALONG, to be extended at full length; LIE AT ONE'S DOOR, to be directly imputable to one; LIE AT ONE'S HEART, to be an object of interest or affection to one; LIE BY, to take rest from labour: (_Shak._) to be under the charge of; LIE HARD OR HEAVY ON, UPON, (_Shak._) to, to oppress, burden; LIE IN, to be in childbed; LIE IN ONE, to be in one's power; LIE IN THE WAY, to be ready, at hand: to be an obstacle; LIE IN WAIT, to lie in ambush; LIE LOW, to conceal one's actions or intentions; LIE ON, UPON, to be incumbent on; LIE ON THE HANDS, to remain unused or unoccupied; LIE OVER, to be deferred to a future occasion; LIE TO, to be checked in sailing; LIE UNDER, to be subject to or oppressed by; LIE UP, to abstain from work; LIE WITH, to lodge or sleep with: to have carnal knowledge of; LYING-IN HOSPITAL, a hospital for those about to become mothers. [A.S. _licgan_; Ger. _liegen_; Goth. _ligan_.]

LIEBIG, l[=e]'big, _n._ a nutritious extract of beef first prepared by the great German chemist, Baron von _Liebig_ (1803-1873).

LIED, l[=e]t, _n._ a German ballad, secular or sacred, fitted for singing and often set to music. [Ger.; cf. A.S. _leóth_, a song.]

LIEF, l[=e]f, _adj._ (_arch._) loved, dear.--_adv._ willingly--now chiefly used in the phrases, 'I had as lief,' 'to have liefer.' [A.S. _leóf_; Ger. _lieb_, loved.]

LIEGE, l[=e]j, _adj._ free, except as within the relations of vassal and feudal lord: under a feudal tenure.--_n._ one under a feudal tenure: a vassal: a lord or superior, or one who has lieges.--_n._ LIEGE'DOM, allegiance.--_adj._ LIEGE'LESS, not subject to a superior.--_n._ LIEGE'MAN, a vassal: a subject. [O. Fr. _lige_, prob. from Old High Ger. _ledic_, free (Ger. _ledig_, free, unfettered), _l[=i]dan_, to depart.]

LIEN, l[=i]'en, or l[=e]'en, _n._ (_law_) a right in one to retain the property of another to pay a claim. [Fr., tie, band--L. _ligamen_--_lig[=a]re_, to bind.]

LIEN, l[=i]'en (_B._), _pa.p._ of _lie_, to lie down.

LIENTERY, l[=i]'en-ter-i, _n._ a form of diarrhoea, with frequent liquid evacuations in which the food is discharged undigested.--_adj._ LIENTER'IC. [Gr. _leios_, smooth, _enteron_, an intestine.]

LIERNE, li-ern', _n._ (_archit._) a cross-rib or branch-rib in vaulting. [Fr.]

LIEU, l[=u], _n._ place, stead, chiefly in the phrase 'in lieu of.' [Fr.,--L. _locus_, place.]

LIEUTENANT, lef-ten'ant, _n._ one representing or performing the work of another: an officer holding the place of another in his absence: a commissioned officer in the army next below a captain, or in the navy next below a commander and ranking with captain in the army: one holding a place next in rank to a superior, as in the compounds LIEUTEN'ANT-COL'ONEL, LIEUTEN'ANT-GEN'ERAL.--_ns._ LIEUTEN'ANCY, LIEUTEN'ANTSHIP, office or commission of a lieutenant: the body of lieutenants; LIEUTEN'ANT-GOV'ERNOR, in India, the name of the chief official in the provinces of Bengal, Behar, and Orissa, the North-western Provinces, and Oudh, Punjab, and Delhi; LIEUTEN'ANT-GOV'ERNORSHIP; LIEUTEN'ANTRY (_Shak._), lieutenancy; LORD'-LIEUTEN'ANT, the title of the viceroy of Ireland: in the British Isles, a permanent governor of a county appointed by the sovereign, usually a peer or other large land-owner, at the head of the magistracy and the chief executive authority; SUB'-LIEUTEN'ANT, formerly mate or passed midshipman, now the intermediate rank in the navy between midshipman and lieutenant.--FIELD-MARSHAL LIEUTENANT (see FIELD-MARSHAL). [Fr.; cf. _Lieu_ and _Tenant_.]

LIFE, l[=i]f, _n._ state of living: animate existence: union of soul and body: the period between birth and death: present state of existence: manner of living: moral conduct: animation: a living being: system of animal nature: social state: human affairs: narrative of a life: eternal happiness, also He who bestows it: a quickening principle in a moral sense: the living form and expression, living semblance: (_cricket_) an escape, as by a missed or dropped catch:--_pl._ LIVES (l[=i]vz).--_interj._ used as an oath, abbreviated from God's life.--_adj._ LIFE'-AND-DEATH', critical: desperate.--_ns._ LIFE'-ANN[=U]'ITY, a sum paid to a person yearly during life; LIFE'-ASSUR'ANCE, LIFE'-INSUR'ANCE (see INSURANCE); LIFE'-BELT, a belt either inflated with air, or with cork attached, for sustaining a person in the water; LIFE'-BLOOD, the blood of an animal in the body: that which gives strength or life; LIFE'BOAT, a boat for saving shipwrecked persons, having air-chambers or the like, by which it is rendered specially buoyant and sometimes self-righting; LIFE'-BUOY, a buoy intended to support a person in the water till he can be rescued; LIFE'-ESTATE', an estate held during the life of the possessor.--_adjs._ LIFE'FUL (_Spens._), full of vital energy; LIFE'-GIV'ING, imparting life: invigorating.--_ns._ LIFE'-GUARD, a guard of the life or person: a guard of a prince or other dignitary; LIFE'-HIS'TORY, LIFE'-CY'CLE, the series of vital phenomena exhibited by an organism in its passage from the ovum to full development; LIFE'HOLD, land held by lease for life; LIFE'-IN'TEREST, an interest lasting during one's life.--_adj._ LIFE'LESS, dead: without vigour: insipid: sluggish.--_adv._ LIFE'LESSLY.--_n._ LIFE'LESSNESS.--_adj._ LIFE'-LIKE, like a living person.--_n._ LIFE'-LINE, a rope stretched anywhere on board a vessel for support of the sailors in difficult operations or during wild weather: a line attached to a life-buoy or lifeboat for an immersed person to seize hold of.--_adj._ LIFE'LONG, during the length of a life.--_ns._ LIFE'-MOR'TAR, a mortar for throwing a shot of some kind to carry a rope from the shore to a ship in distress; LIFE'-PEER, a peer whose title is not hereditary; LIFE'-PEER'AGE; LIFE'-PRESERV'ER, an invention, as a buoyant belt or jacket, for the preservation of life in cases of shipwreck: a cane with a loaded head; LIFE'-RAFT, a raft-like structure for use in case of shipwreck; LIFE'-RATE, rate of payment on a policy of life-insurance.--_adj._ LIFE'-REN'DERING (_Shak._), yielding up life.--_ns._ LIFE'RENT, a rent that continues for life; LIFE'RENTER, one who enjoys a liferent:--_fem._ LIFE'RENTRIX; LIFE'-ROCK'ET, a rocket for carrying a line from the shore to a ship in distress.--_adjs._ LIFE'-SAV'ING, designed to save life, esp. from drowning.--_n._ LIFE'-SCHOOL, a school where artists work from living models.--_adjs._ LIFE'-SIZE, similar in size to the object represented; LIFE'SOME, full of life: gay, lively.--_ns._ LIFE'-T[=A]'BLE, a table of statistics as to the probability of life at different ages; LIFE'-TEN'ANT, the owner of a life-estate: one who holds lands, &c., for the term of his own or another's life; LIFE'-TIME, continuation or duration of life.--_adj._ LIFE'-WEA'RY (_Shak._), weary of life: wretched.--_n._ LIFE'-WORK, the work to which one's life is or is to be devoted.--LIFE-SAVING APPARATUS, all materials, appliances, &c. available for preserving life in cases of shipwreck or fire.--BRING TO LIFE, to restore to life one apparently dead; COME TO LIFE, to be reanimated; FOR LIFE, for the whole period of one's existence: so as to save life: very fast or strenuously; HIGH LIFE, the manner of living of those in high or fashionable society: the upper classes of society; LINE OF LIFE (see LINE); TO THE LIFE, very closely resembling the original: exactly drawn. [A.S. _líf_; Ice. _líf_, Sw. _lif_, Dut. _lijf_, body, life; Ger. _leben_, to live.]

LIFT, lift, _n._ (_Scot._) the air, heavens, sky. [A.S. _lyft_; Ger. _luft_, Ice. _lopt_, Goth. _luftus_, the air.]

LIFT, lift, _v.t._ to bring to a higher position: to elevate or keep elevated: to elate: to take and carry away: (_obs._) to bear, support: (_slang_) to arrest: to steal.--_v.i._ to rise: to try to rise.--_n._ act of lifting: that which is to be raised: that which assists to lift: a hoisting-machine: advancement.--_adj._ LIFT'ABLE.--_ns._ LIFT'ER, one who, or that which, lifts: (_Shak._) a thief; LIFT'ING-BRIDGE, a drawbridge raised so as to allow ships to pass; LIFT'-PUMP, any pump which is not a force-pump.--LIFT THE HAND, to raise it in hostility; LIFT UP THE EYES, to look, direct one's eyes, or thoughts, to; LIFT UP THE FACE, to look upward, as in supplication; LIFT UP THE HAND, to make oath, swear: to pray; LIFT UP THE HEAD, to rejoice, exult; LIFT UP THE VOICE, to cry loudly.--DEAD LIFT (see DEAD). [Ice. _lypta_--_lopt_, the air.]

LIG, lig, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to lie. [See LIE.]

LIGAMENT, lig'a-ment, _n._ anything that binds: (_anat._) the membrane connecting the movable bones: a bond of union.--_adjs._ LIGAMENT'AL, LIGAMENT'OUS, composing or resembling a ligament.--_ns._ LIG[=A]'TION, act of binding: state of being bound; LIG'ATURE, anything that binds: a bandage: (_mus._) a line connecting notes: (_print._) a type of two letters: (_med._) a cord for tying the blood-vessels, &c.: impotence produced by magic.--_adj._ LIG'ATURED, bound by a ligature. [Fr.,--L. _ligamentum_--_lig[=a]re_, to bind.]

LIGAN, l[=i]'gan, _n._ goods sunk at sea, with a float attached for recovery. [L. _ligamen_, a band.]

LIGGER, lig'[.e]r, _n._ the horizontal timber of a scaffolding: a nether millstone: a board-pathway over a ditch: a coverlet for a bed: a kelt or spent salmon: a night-line with float and bait for pike-fishing.

LIGHT, l[=i]t, _n._ that which shines or is brilliant: the agent by which objects are rendered visible: the power of vision: day: dawn of day: that which gives light, as the sun, a candle: the illuminated part of a picture: means of communicating fire or light: a lighthouse: (_fig._) mental or spiritual illumination: enlightenment: knowledge: public view: point of view: a conspicuous person: an aperture for admitting light: (_B._) prosperity, favour.--_adj._ not dark: bright: whitish.--_v.t._ to give light to: to set fire to: to attend with a light.--_v.i._ to become light or bright:--_pr.p._ light'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ light'ed or lit.--_adj._ LIGHT'ABLE.--_n._ LIGHT'-BALL, a composition of saltpetre, sulphur, resin, and linseed-oil formed into a ball, and used by soldiers to give light during military operations.--_n.pl._ LIGHT'-DUES, tolls taken from ships in certain waters, for the maintenance of lighthouses.--_ns._ LIGHT'ER; LIGHT'HOUSE, a tower-like construction exhibiting a light for indicating to vessels, when nearing a port or coasting along shore, the proximity of rocks, shoals, and other dangers; LIGHT'HOUSE-MAN, LIGHT'-KEEP'ER, the keeper of a lighthouse.--_adj._ LIGHT'LESS.--_ns._ LIGHT'NESS; LIGHT'-ROOM, in a man-of-war, a small room separated from the magazine by thick glass windows, and used to illuminate it: the room in a lighthouse containing the lighting apparatus; LIGHT'-SHIP, a stationary ship carrying a light and serving the purpose of a lighthouse in very deep waters.--_adj._ LIGHT'SOME, full of light.--_n._ LIGHT'WAVE, a wave of the luminous ether.--LIGHT OF NATURE, intellectual perception or intuition: (_theol._) man's capacity of discovering truth unaided by revelation.--BETWEEN THE LIGHTS, in the twilight; BETWEEN TWO LIGHTS, under cover of darkness; BRING TO LIGHT, to reveal; CHILDREN OF LIGHT, Christians as under the illumination of the Divine light, that illumination which comes directly from God; COME TO LIGHT, to be revealed; FIXED LIGHT, in lighthouses, a light which is maintained steadily without change, as opposed to a revolving light; FLOATING LIGHT, a light displayed at the mast-head of a lightship to show dangers to navigation; FOOT, GROUND, LIGHTS, a row of lights used on a stage to light up the base of a scene; INNER LIGHT, spiritual illumination, light divinely imparted; NORTHERN LIGHTS, aurora borealis; SEE THE LIGHT, to come into view; STAND IN ONE'S OWN LIGHT, to hinder one's own advantage. [A.S. _leóht_; Ger. _licht_.]

LIGHT, l[=i]t, _adj._ not heavy: of short weight: easily suffered or performed: easily digested: not heavily armed: active: not heavily burdened: unimportant: not dense or copious or intense: gentle: gay, lively: amusing: unchaste: loose, sandy: giddy, delirious: idle, worthless.--_vs.t._ LIGHT, LIGHT'EN, to make less heavy: to alleviate, cheer.--_advs._ LIGHT, LIGHT'LY (_Shak._), commonly, usually.--_adj._ LIGHT'-ARMED, armed in a manner suitable for active service.--_ns._ LIGHT'ER, a large open boat used in unloading and loading ships; LIGHT'ERAGE, price paid for unloading ships by lighters: the act of thus unloading; LIGHT'ERMAN.--_adjs._ LIGHT'-FING'ERED, light or active with one's fingers: thievish; LIGHT'-FOOT, -ED, nimble, active; LIGHT'FUL (_rare_), cheery, happy; LIGHT'-HAND'ED, with light or dexterous touch: having little in the hand: empty-handed: insufficiently manned; LIGHT'-HEAD'ED, giddy in the head: delirious: thoughtless: unsteady.--_n._ LIGHT'-HEAD'EDNESS.--_adj._ LIGHT'-HEART'ED, light or merry of heart: free from anxiety: cheerful.--_adv._ LIGHT'-HEART'EDLY.--_n._ LIGHT'-HEART'EDNESS.--_adj._ LIGHT'-HEELED, swift of foot.--_ns._ LIGHT'-HORSE, light-armed cavalry; LIGHT'-HORSE'MAN; LIGHT'-IN'FANTRY, infantry lightly or not heavily armed.--_adjs._ LIGHT'-LEGGED, swift of foot; LIGHT'-MIND'ED, having a light or unsteady mind: not considerate.--_ns._ Light'-MIND'EDNESS; LIGHT'NESS (_Shak._), light-headedness; LIGHT'NING (_Shak._), an exhilaration of the spirits; LIGHT'-O'-LOVE, a capricious and wanton woman: an old dance tune.--_n.pl._ LIGHTS, the lungs.--_adj._ LIGHT'SOME, light, gay, lively, cheering.--_n._ LIGHT'SOMENESS.--_adj._ LIGHT'-SPIR'ITED, having a cheerful spirit.--_n._ LIGHT'-WEIGHT, in sporting and especially boxing, a man or animal of a certain weight prescribed by the rules, intermediate between the middle-weight and the feather-weight: a person of little importance.--_adj._ LIGHT'-WINGED, having light wings: volatile.--MAKE LIGHT OF, to treat as of little consequence. [A.S. _leóht_; Ger. _leicht_, Ice. _léttr_; L. _l[)e]vis_.]

LIGHT, l[=i]t, _v.i._ (with _on_, _upon_) to stoop from flight: to settle: to rest: to come by chance: (with _down_, _from_) to descend, to alight:--_pr.p._ light'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ light'ed or lit.--_v.i._ LIGHT'EN UPON' (_Pr. Bk._), to alight or descend upon. [A.S. _líhtan_, to dismount, lit. 'make light,' relieve of a burden.]

LIGHTEN, l[=i]t'n, _v.t._ to make light or clear: (_fig._) to illuminate with knowledge.--_v.i._ to shine like lightning: to flash: to become less dark.--_ns._ LIGHT'NING, the electric flash usually followed by thunder: (_Shak._) a becoming bright; LIGHT'NING-ARREST'ER, an apparatus used for protecting telegraph or telephone lines, &c., from lightning-discharges; LIGHT'NING-BUG, a sort of phosphorescent beetle or firefly; LIGHT'NING-CONDUC'TOR, LIGHT'NING-ROD, a metallic rod for protecting buildings from lightning.

LIGNAGE, l[=i]n'[=a]j, _n._ (_Spens._) lineage.

LIGN-ALOES, l[=i]n-al'[=o]z, LIGNALOES, lig-nal'[=o]z, _n._ (_B._) aloes-wood. [L. _lignum_, wood, and _aloes_, aloes.]

LIGNUM, lig'num, _n._ wood as contrasted with soft tissues or with bark.--_adjs._ LIG'NEOUS, wooden: woody: made of wood; LIGNIF'EROUS. producing wood.--_n._ LIGNIFIC[=A]'TION.--_adj._ LIG'NIFORM, resembling wood.--_v.t._ LIG'NIFY, to turn into wood.--_v.i._ to become wood or woody:--_pr.p._ lig'nifying; _pa.p._ lig'nif[=i]ed.--_n._ LIG'N[=I]NE, pure woody fibre.--_adj._ LIGNIPER'DOUS, destructive of wood.--_n._ LIG'N[=I]TE, brown coal, coal retaining the texture of wood.--_adj._ LIGNIT'IC.--_ns._ LIG'NUM-CRU'CIS, wood of the cross: a relic asserted to be a piece of the true cross; LIG'NUM-V[=I]'TÆ, popular name of a South American tree with very hard wood. [L. _lignum_, wood.]

LIGULE, lig'[=u]l, _n._ (_bot._) the flat part of the leaf of a grass: a strap-shaped petal in certain flowers.--_n._ LIG'ULA, a tongue-like part or organ: in entomology, a fleshy membranaceous or horny anterior part of the labium.--_adjs._ LIG'ULAR, pertaining to a ligula; LIG'ULATE (_bot._), like a bandage or strap: composed of ligules. [L. _ligula_, dim. of _lingua_, a tongue.]

LIGURE, l[=i]'g[=u]r, or lig'[=u]r, _n._ (_B._) a precious stone.--_n._ LIG'URITE, a variety of sphene or titanite. [Gr.]

LIKE, l[=i]k, _adj._ equal in quantity, quality, or degree: similar: likely, probable.--_n._ the like thing or person: an exact resemblance: a liking.--_adv._ in the same manner: probably.--_conj._ as, as if.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to compare, liken.--_ns._ LIKE'LINESS, LIKE'LIHOOD.--_adj._ LIKE'LY, like the thing required: credible: probable: having reason to expect.--_adv._ probably.--_adj._ LIKE'-MIND'ED, having a similar disposition or purpose.--_v.t._ LIK'EN, to represent as like or similar: to compare.--_n._ LIKE'NESS, resemblance: one who resembles another: that which resembles: a portrait or picture: effigy.--_adv._ LIKE'WISE, in like wise or manner: also: moreover: too.--FEEL LIKE, to be disposed to do anything; HAD LIKE, was likely, came near to do something; LOOK LIKE, to show a likelihood of: to appear similar to; SUCH LIKE, of that kind. [A.S. _líc_, seen in _ge-líc_; Ice. _líkr_, Dut. _ge-lijk_, Ger. _gleich_ (=_ge-leich_).]

LIKE, l[=i]k, _v.t._ to be pleased with: to approve: to enjoy: (_obs._) to please.--_n._ a liking, chiefly in phrase 'likes and dislikes.'--_adjs._ LIKE'ABLE, lovable: amiable; LIKE'LY, that may be liked: pleasing.--_n._ LIK'ING, state of being pleased with: inclination: satisfaction in: (_B._) condition, plight.--_adj._ (_B._) as in GOOD'-LIK'ING, WELL'-LIK'ING, in good condition.--ON LIKING, on approval. [Orig. the verb meant 'to be pleasing,' and was used impersonally, as it 'likes me'--i.e. it pleases me, A.S. _lícian_--_líc_, like.]

LILAC, l[=i]'lak, _n._ a pretty flowering shrub, with a flower of a light-purple colour.--_adj._ having the colour of the lilac flower. [Sp.,--the Pers. _lilaj_.]

LILL, lil, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to loll.

LILLIBULLERO, lil-i-bu-l[=e]'r[=o], _n._ the famous ballad in mockery of the Irish Catholics, which 'sung James II. out of three kingdoms.'--Also LILLIBURL[=E]'RO. [From the refrain.]

LILLIPUTIAN, lil-i-p[=u]'shi-an, _n._ an inhabitant of the island of _Lilliput_, described by Swift in his _Gulliver's Travels_: a person of small size, a dwarf.--_adj._ of small size: dwarfish.

LILT, lilt, _v.i._ to do anything cleverly or quickly, as to hop about: to sing, dance, or play merrily.--_v.t._ to sing a song easily or gaily.--_n._ a cheerful song or air. [M. E. _lilten_, _lulten_; ety. dub.]

LILY, lil'i, _n._ a bulbous plant, with showy and fragrant flowers.--_adj._ resembling a lily: pure.--_adjs._ LILI[=A]'CEOUS, pertaining to lilies; LIL'IED, adorned with lilies: resembling lilies.--_n._ LIL'Y-EN'CRINITE, same as _Stone-lily_ (see ENCRINITE).--_adj._ LIL'Y-HAND'ED, having hands white as the lily.--_n._ LIL'Y-HY'ACINTH, a bulbous perennial plant with blue flowers.--_adjs._ LIL'Y-LIV'ERED, white-livered: cowardly; LIL'Y-WHITE, white as the lily.--LILY OF THE VALLEY, a very beautiful flower of the lily genus. [A.S. _lilie_--L. _lilium_--Gr. _leirion_, lily.]

LIMACEOUS, l[=i]-m[=a]'shi-us, _adj._ like a slug.--_adjs._ LIM'ACOID (also _n._); LIMAC'IFORM.--_n._ L[=i]'max, a slug.

LIMATION, l[=i]-m[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of filing or polishing.--_n._ L[=I]'MATURE, act of filing: filings.

LIMB, lim, _n._ a jointed part in animals, the leg: a projecting part: a branch of a tree: a part of something else, as 'a limb of the law:' an imp, scapegrace, as 'a limb of Satan.'--_v.t._ to supply with limbs: to tear off the limbs of.--_adjs._ LIMBED, having limbs: formed in regard to limbs; LIMB'MEAL (_Shak._), limb from limb. [A.S. _lim_; Ice. _limr_, Sw. _lem_.]

LIMB, lim, _n._ an edge or border, as of the sun, &c.: the edge of a sextant, &c.--_adj._ LIM'BATE (_bot._), bordered. [Fr. _limbe_--L. _limbus_.]

LIMBEC, lim'bek, _n._ (_Spens._) an alembic.

LIMBER, lim'b[.e]r, _n._ the part of a gun-carriage consisting of two wheels and a shaft to which the horses are attached.--_v.t._ to attach to the limber, as a gun. [Prov. Eng. _limbers_, shafts--Ice. _limar_, boughs; cf. _limb_, a branch.]

LIMBER, lim'b[.e]r, _adj._ pliant, flexible.--_n._ LIM'BERNESS, flexibleness, pliancy. [See _limp_ (adj.).]

LIMBO, lim'b[=o], _n._ an indefinite region in the intermediate state, the abode of those who have had no opportunity to accept Christ, of the souls of the pious who died before the time of Christ, and of the souls of unbaptised infants: a place of confinement, or where things are thrown aside.--Also LIM'BUS. [L. _limbus_, border.]

LIME, l[=i]m, _n._ any slimy or gluey material: bird-lime: the white caustic earth from limestone, and used for cement.--_v.t._ to cover with lime: to cement: to manure with lime: to ensnare.--_ns._ LIME'-BURN'ER, one who burns limestone to form lime; LIME'KILN, a kiln or furnace in which limestone is burned to lime; LIME'-LIGHT, or _Calcium-light_, light produced by a blowpipe-flame directed against a block of pure, compressed quicklime; LIME'STONE, stone from which lime is procured by burning; LIME'TWIG, a twig smeared with bird-lime: a snare; LIME'WASH, a coating given with a solution of lime; LIME'WA'TER, a saturated aqueous solution of lime.--_adjs._ LIM'OUS, gluey: slimy: muddy; LIM'Y, glutinous: sticky: containing, resembling, or having the qualities of lime. [A.S. _lím_; Ger. _leim_, glue, L. _limus_, slime.]

LIME, l[=i]m, _n._ a kind of citron or lemon tree and its fruit.--_n._ LIME'-JUICE, the acid juice of the lime, used at sea as a specific against scurvy. [Fr.]

LIME-HOUND, l[=i]m'-hownd, _n._ (_Spens._) a boar-hound.

LIME-TREE, l[=i]m'-tr[=e], _n._ the linden-tree. [_Lime_ is a corr. of _line_, for _lind_=linden-tree.]

LIMIT, lim'it, _n._ boundary: utmost extent: restriction: (_Shak._) a limb, as the limit of the body.--_v.t._ to confine within bounds: to restrain: to fix within limits.--_adjs._ LIM'ITABLE, that may be limited, bounded, or restrained; LIMIT[=A]'RIAN, tending to limit.--_n._ one who limits.--_adjs._ LIM'ITARY, placed at the boundary as a guard, &c.: confined within limits; LIM'ITATE (_bot._), bounded by a distinct line.--_n._ LIMIT[=A]'TION, the act of limiting, bounding, or restraining: the state of being limited, bounded, or restrained: restriction.--_adjs._ LIMIT[=A]'TIVE, LIM'ITED, within limits: narrow: restricted.--_adv._ LIM'ITEDLY.--_ns._ LIM'ITEDNESS; LIM'ITER, the person or thing that limits or confines: a friar who had a license to beg within certain bounds.--_adj._ LIM'ITLESS, having no limits: boundless: immense: infinite.--LIMITED LIABILITY (see LIABILITY); LIMITED MONARCHY, a monarchy in which the supreme power is shared with a body of nobles, a representative body, or both. [Fr.,--L. _limes_, _limitis_, a boundary.]

LIMMA, lim'a, _n._ in prosody, a monosemic empty time or pause: in Pythagorean music, the smaller half-step or semi-tone. [Gr. _leimma_, a remnant.]

LIMMER, lim'[.e]r, _n._ a mongrel-hound: a base person, esp. a jade. [O. Fr. _liemier_--_liem_, a leash.]

LIMN, lim, _v.t._ to draw or paint, esp. in water-colours: (_orig._) to illuminate with ornamental letters, &c.--_n._ LIM'NER, one who limns or paints on paper or parchment: a portrait-painter. [Contr. of O. Fr. _enluminer_--L. _illumin[=a]re_.]

LIMONITE, l[=i]'m[=o]-n[=i]t, _n._ an iron ore--also _Brown hematite_ and _Brown iron ore_.--_adj._ LIMONIT'IC. [Gr. _leim[=o]n_, a meadow.]

LIMOSIS, l[=i]-m[=o]'sis, _n._ a morbidly ravenous appetite. [Gr. _limos_, hunger.]

LIMP, limp, _adj._ wanting stiffness, flexible: weak, flaccid. [According to Skeat, a nasalised form of _lip_, a weakened form of _lap_, as seen in Eng. _lap_, a flap; cf. prov. Ger. _lampen_, to hang loosely down.]

LIMP, limp, _v.i._ to halt: to walk lamely--fig. as 'limping verses.'--_n._ act of limping: a halt.--_p.adj._ LIMP'ING, having the imperfect movement of one who limps.--_adv._ LIMP'INGLY. [Prob. conn. with preceding. There is an A.S. adj. _lemp-healt_, halting.]

LIMPET, lim'pet, _n._ a small shellfish which clings to intertidal rocks. [A.S. _lempedu_, _lamprede_, lamprey.]

LIMPID, lim'pid, _adj._ clear: shining: transparent: pure.--_ns._ LIMPID'ITY, LIM'PIDNESS.--_adv._ LIM'PIDLY. [Fr.,--L. _limpidus_, _liquidus_, liquid.]

LIN, lin, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to cease, to give over.--_v.t._ to cease from. [A.S. _linnan_, to cease.]

LINAMENT, lin'a-ment, _n._ lint: a tent for a wound. [L.]

LINCH, linsh, _n._ a ridge of land, a boundary, a cliff.--_n._ LINCH'ET, a terrace seen on the slopes of the chalk, oolitic, and liassic escarpments in Bedfordshire, Somerset, &c. [A.S. _hlinc_, a ridge of land.]

LINCHPIN, linsh'pin, _n._ a pin used to keep the wheel of a carriage on the axle-tree. [Properly _linspin_, 'axle-pin'--obs. _linse_, axle, and _pin_.]

LINCOLN-GREEN, lingk'un-gr[=e]n, _n._ the colour of cloth made formerly at _Lincoln_: the cloth itself.

LINCTURE, lingk't[=u]r, _n._ medicine to be sucked up.--Also LINC'TUS. [L. _ling[)e]re_, _linctum_, to lick.]

LINDEN, lin'den, _n._ the lime-tree. [A.S. _linden_--_lind_; cf. Ice. _lind_, Ger. _linde_.]

LINE, l[=i]n, _v.t._ to cover on the inside: to pad: to impregnate: (_Shak._) to aid.--_n._ LIN'ING. [M. E. _linen_, to cover, perh. orig. with linen--obs. _line_, linen--A.S. _lín_--L. _linum_.]

LINE, l[=i]n, _n._ a thread of linen or flax: a slender cord: (_math._) that which has length without breadth or thickness: an extended stroke: a straight row: a cord extended to direct any operations: outline: a series or succession, as of progeny: a series of steamers, &c., plying continuously between places: a railroad: a telegraph wire between stations: an order given to an agent for goods, such goods received, the stock on hand of any particular goods: a mark or lineament, hence a characteristic: a rank: a verse: a short letter or note: a trench: limit: method: the equator: lineage: direction: occupation: the regular infantry of an army: the twelfth part of an inch: (_pl._) marriage-lines, a marriage certificate: a certificate of church membership: military works of defence.--_v.t._ to mark out with lines: to cover with lines: to place along by the side of for guarding: to give out for public singing, as a hymn, line by line: (_rare_) to delineate, paint: to measure.--_n._ LIN'E[=A]GE, descendants in a line from a common progenitor: race: family.--_adj._ LIN'EAL, of or belonging to a line: composed of lines: in the direction of a line: descended in a direct line from an ancestor.--_n._ LINEAL'ITY.--_adv._ LIN'EALLY.--_n._ LIN'EAMENT, feature: distinguishing mark in the form, esp. of the face.--_adj._ LIN'EAR, of or belonging to a line: consisting of, or having the form of, lines: straight.--_adv._ LIN'EARLY.--_adjs._ LIN'E[=A]TE, -D, marked longitudinally with depressed lines.--_ns._ LINE'[=A]TION (same as DELINEATION); LINE'-ENGRAV'ING, the process of engraving in lines, steel or copperplate engraving.--_n.pl._ LINE'-FISH, those taken with the line, as cod, halibut, &c.--_adj._ LIN'EOLATE, marked with fine or obscure lines.--_ns._ LIN'ER, a vessel belonging to a regular line or series of packets; LINES'MAN (_mil._), a private in the line; LINE'-STORM, an equinoctial storm.--LINEAR PERSPECTIVE, that part of perspective which regards only the positions, magnitudes, and forms of the objects delineated.--EQUINOCTIAL LINE, the celestial equator: the terrestrial equator; FRAUNHOFER'S LINES, the dark lines observed crossing the sun's spectrum at right angles to its length--from the Bavarian optician, Joseph von _Fraunhofer_ (1787-1826); GIVE LINE, from angling, to allow a person apparent freedom, so as to gain him at last; SHIP OF THE LINE (see SHIP). [A.S. _líne_--L. _linea_--_linum_, flax.]

LINEN, lin'en, _n._ cloth made of lint or flax: underclothing, particularly that made of linen: articles of linen, or of linen and cotton--table-linen, bed-linen, body-linen.--_adj._ made of flax: resembling linen cloth.--_n._ LIN'EN-DRAP'ER, a merchant who deals in linens. [Properly an adj. with suffix _-en_--A.S. _lín_--L. _linum_, flax; Gr. _linon_.]

LING, ling, _n._ a fish resembling the cod, so called from its lengthened form. [A.S. _lang_, long.]

LING, ling, _n._ heather.--_adj._ LING'Y. [Ice. _lyng_.]

LINGAM, ling'gam, _n._ the phallus in Hindu mythology, representative of Siva and the generative power of nature, its female counterpart the _Yoni_.--Also LING'A. [Sans.]

LINGEL, ling'l, _n._ a shoemaker's thread rubbed with beeswax. [M. E. _lingel_, through O. Fr.,--L. _lineola_, dim. of _linea_, a line.]

LINGER, ling'g[.e]r, _v.i._ to remain long in any state: to loiter.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to prolong, protract: (with _out_) to pass in a tedious manner.--_n._ LING'ERER.--_adj._ LING'ERING, protracted.--_n._ a remaining long.--_advs._ LING'ERINGLY; LING'ERLY (_rare_). [A.S. _lengan_, to protract--_lang_, long.]

LINGERIE, lang-zhe-r[=e]', _n._ linen goods, esp. women's underclothing. [Fr.,--_linge_, flax--L. _linum_.]

LINGET, LINGOT, _n._ Same as INGOT.

LINGISM, ling'izm, _n._ the Swedish movement-cure, kinesitherapy. [From Peter Henrik _Ling_, 1776-1839.]

LINGO, ling'g[=o], _n._ language, speech: esp. applied to dialects. [Corrupted from L. _lingua_, language.]

LINGUA FRANCA, ling'gwa frank'a, _n._ a mixed jargon used by Frenchmen and other Western people in intercourse with Arabs, Moors, and other Eastern peoples: an international dialect.

LINGUAL, ling'gwal, _adj._ pertaining to the tongue or utterance.--_n._ a letter pronounced mainly by the tongue, as _t_, _d_ (also called _Dental_).--_adj._ LINGUADEN'TAL--_Dentilingual_.--_adv._ LING'UALLY.--_adj._ LING'UIFORM, tongue-shaped.--_ns._ LING'UIST, one skilled in tongues or languages; LING'UISTER, a dabbler in philology.--_adjs._ LINGUIST'IC, -AL, pertaining to languages and the affinities of languages.--_adv._ LINGUIST'ICALLY.--_n.pl._ LINGUIST'ICS, the general or comparative science, or study, of languages.--_n._ LING'ULA, a tongue-like part or process.--_adjs._ LING'ULAR, LING'ULATE, tongue-shaped. [L. _lingua_ (old form _dingua_), the tongue.]

LINHAY, lin'h[=a], _n._ a donkey-stable.--Also LIN'NY.

LINIMENT, lin'i-ment, _n._ a kind of thin ointment. [L. _linimentum_--_lin[)e]re_, to besmear.]

LINING, l[=i]'ning, _n._ the cover of the inner surface of anything, contents.

LINK, lingk, _n._ a ring of a chain: anything connecting: a single part of a series: the 1/100th part of the chain, a measure used in surveying, &c. (see CHAIN).--_v.t._ to connect as by a link: to join in confederacy.--_v.i._ to be connected.--_n._ LINK'-M[=O]'TION, a system of pieces pivoted together, describing definite curves in the same plane or in parallel planes.--MISSING LINK, any point or fact needed to complete a series or a chain of argument: (_zool._) a conjectural form of animal life, supposed necessary to complete the chain of evolution from some simian to the human animal: (_coll._) an ape, monkey, or apish-looking man. [A.S. _hlence_; Ice. _hlekkr_, Ger. _gelenk_, a joint.]

LINK, lingk, _n._ a light or torch of pitch and tow.--_ns._ LINK'BOY, LINK'MAN, a boy or man who carries such to light travellers. [Prob. corr. from Dut. _lont_, a match; cf. Scot. _lunt_, Dan. _lunte_.]

LINK, lingk, _n._ a crook or winding of a river.--_n.pl._ LINKS, a stretch of flat or gently undulating ground along a sea-shore, on which the game of golf is played. [A.S. _hlinc_, a ridge of land, a bank.]

LINK, lingk, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to go quickly.

LINN, LIN, lin, _n._ a waterfall: a precipice.

LINNÆAN, LINNEAN, lin-n[=e]'an, _adj._ pertaining to _Linnæus_, the Latinised form of the name of _Linné_, the celebrated Swedish botanist (1707-78), or to his artificial system of classification.

LINNET, lin'et, _n._ a small singing-bird--from feeding on flax-seed. [Fr. _linot_--_lin_, flax--L. _linum_.]

LINOLEUM, lin-[=o]'le-um, _n._ a preparation used as a floor-cloth, linseed-oil being greatly used in the making of it. [L. _linum_, flax, _oleum_, oil.]

LINOTYPE, lin'[=o]-t[=i]p, _n._ a machine for producing stereotyped lines or bars of words, &c., as a substitute for type-setting: a line of printing-type cast in one piece. [L. _linea_, a line, and _type_.]

LINSEED, lin's[=e]d, _n._ lint or flax seed--also LINT'SEED.--_ns._ LIN'SEED-CAKE, the cake remaining when the oil is pressed out of lint or flax seed, used as a food for sheep and cattle; LIN'SEED-MEAL, the meal of linseed, used for poultices and as a cattle-food; LIN'SEED-OIL, oil from flax-seed.

LINSEY, lin'si, _n._ cloth made of linen and wool: a peculiar kind of clayey rock.--_adj._ LIN'SEY-WOOL'SEY, made of linen and wool mixed: mean: of unsuitable parts.--_n._ a thin coarse stuff of linen and wool mixed: inferior stuffs of doubtful composition: (_Shak._) a mixture of nonsense, gibberish. [Obs. _linsel_, and _wool_.]

LINSTOCK, lin'stok, _n._ a staff to hold a lighted match for firing cannon.--Also LINT'STOCK. [Dut. _lontstok_--_lont_, a match, _stok_, a stick.]

LINT, lint, _n._ linen scraped into a soft woolly substance for dressing wounds: raw cotton ready for baling. [L. _linteus_--_linum_, linen.]

LINTEL, lin'tel, _n._ the piece of timber or stone over a doorway: the headpiece of a door or casement. [O. Fr. _lintel_ (Fr. _linteau_)--Low L. _lintellus_ for _limitellus_, dim. of L. _limes_, border.]

LINTIE, lin'ti, LINTWHITE, lint'hw[=i]t=LINNET.

LION, l[=i]'un, _n._ a fierce quadruped of immense strength, the largest of all carnivorous animals, tawny-coloured, the male with a shaggy mane, springing on his prey with a terrific roar: a man of unusual courage: (_astron._) Leo, a sign of the zodiac: any object of interest, esp. a famous or conspicuous person much sought after: an old Scotch coin, with a lion on the obverse, worth 74 shillings Scotch (James VI.): (_her._) representation of a lion used as a bearing:--_fem._ L[=I]'ONESS.--_ns._ L[=I]'ONCEL, L[=I]'ONCELLE (_her._), a small lion used as a bearing; L[=I]'ONEL, L[=I]'ONET, a young lion; L[=I]'ON-HEART, one with great courage.--_adj._ L[=I]ON-HEART'ED.--_n._ L[=I]'ON-HUNT'ER, a hunter of lions: one who runs after celebrities with foolish adulation, or to get reflected glory from their company.--_v.t._ L[=I]'ONISE, to treat as a lion or object of interest.--_n._ L[=I]'ONISM.--_adj._ L[=I]'ON-LIKE.--LION'S PROVIDER, a popular name for the jackal, supposed to attend upon the lion: any humble friend or follower; LION'S SHARE, the largest share.--A LION IN THE WAY, a danger to be met and overcome; BRITISH LION, the lion as the British national emblem; PUT ONE'S HEAD INTO THE LION'S MOUTH, to get into a position of great danger. [O. Fr. _lion_--L. _leon-em_--Gr. _le[=o]n_; Ger. _löwe_.]

LIP, lip, _n._ the muscular border in front of the teeth by which things are taken into the mouth; the edge of anything: (_slang_) impudent talk, insolence: (_pl._) speech as passing through the lips.--_v.t._ to touch with the lips: to utter with the lips.--_v.i._ to apply the lips to the mouthpiece of an instrument.--_adj._ LIP'BORN, from the lips only: not genuine.--_ns._ LIP'-DEV[=O]'TION, prayer of the lips without devotion in the heart; LIP'-HOM'AGE, insincere homage; LIP'-L[=A]'BOUR, empty speech; LIP'-LANG'UAGE, oral or articulate language, communicated by motions of the lips, as opposed to the fingers, in teaching or conversing with the deaf and dumb; LIP'LET, a little lip; LIP'-OR'NAMENT, an object inserted as an ornament in the lip, common among savage tribes.--_adj._ LIPPED, having lips, or edges like lips, labiate.--_ns._ LIP'-READ'ING, reading what a person says from the movement of the lips, in the instruction of the deaf and dumb; LIP'-SERV'ICE, service with the lips only: insincere devotion or worship; LIP'-WIS'DOM, wisdom in words only, not in deeds.--BITE THE LIP, to press the lips between the teeth to keep one's self from betraying vexation, anger, &c.; CURL OF THE LIP, the causing the lip to curl as an indication of scorn; HANG THE LIP, to be sullen or sulky; MAKE A LIP (_Shak._), to pout in sullenness or contempt. [A.S. _lippa_; Dut. _lip_, Ger. _lippe_, L. _labium_, not conn. with L. _lamb[)e]re_, Eng. _lap_.]

LIPÆMIA, li-p[=e]'mi-a, _n._ excessive fat in the blood.

LIPHÆMIA, li-f[=e]'mi-a, _n._ deficiency or poverty of blood.

LIPOGRAM, l[=i]'p[=o]-gram, _n._ the name given to a writing, esp. a poem from which all words are omitted which contain a particular letter.--_adj._ LIPOGRAMMAT'IC.--_ns._ LIPOGRAM'MATISM; LIPOGRAM'MATIST. [Gr. _leipein_, to leave, _gramma_, a letter.]

LIPOMA, li-p[=o]'ma, _n._ a tumour formed of fatty tissue--also LIP'AROCELE.--_n._ LIPOMAT[=O]'SIS, the excessive growth of fatty tissue.--_adj._ LIPOM'ATOUS.

LIPPEN, lip'n, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to trust, rely, depend (with _to_, _on_).--_adj._ LIPPE'NING, occasional, accidental.

LIPPITUDE, lip'i-t[=u]d, _n._ soreness of the eyes. [L.,--_lippus_, blear-eyed.]

LIPPY, LIPPIE, lip'i, _n._ an old Scottish dry measure, the fourth of a peck. [Dim. from. A.S. _leáp_, a basket; Ice. _laupr_.]

LIQUATE, lik'w[=a]t, _v.t._ to melt: to separate one metal from another which is less fusible, by applying sufficient heat.--_adj._ LIQ'UABLE.--_n._ LIQU[=A]'TION. [L. _liqu[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_liqu[=e]re_, to be fluid.]

LIQUEFY, lik'we-f[=i], _v.t._ to make liquid: to dissolve.--_v.i._ to become liquid:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ liq'uef[=i]ed.--_adj._ LIQUEF[=A]'CIENT.--_n._ LIQUEFAC'TION, the act or process of making liquid: the state of being melted.--_adj._ LIQ'UEFIABLE.--_ns._ LIQ'UEFIER; LIQUESC'ENCY.--_adj._ LIQUESC'ENT, melting. [L. _liquefac[)e]re_--_liqu[=e]re_, to be fluid or liquid, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

LIQUEUR, li-k[.e]r', _n._ the name given to the many alcoholic preparations which are flavoured or perfumed and sweetened to be more agreeable to the taste--chartreuse, cherry brandy, curaçao, benedictine, kümmel, maraschino, &c.--_ns._ LIQUEUR'-GLASS, a very small drinking-glass intended for liqueurs or cordials; LIQUEUR'ING, the process of qualifying wine by means of liqueur. [Fr.]

LIQUID, lik'wid, _adj._ flowing: fluid: soft: smooth: clear.--_n._ a flowing substance: a letter of a smooth flowing sound, coalescing easily with a preceding mute, _l_, _m_, _n_, _r_.--_adj._ LIQ'UIDABLE.--_v.t._ LIQ'UIDATE, to make clear, esp. to clear or settle an account: to arrange or wind up the affairs of a bankrupt estate.--_ns._ LIQUID[=A]'TION, the clearing up of the money affairs, esp. the adjustment of the affairs of a bankrupt estate; LIQUID[=A]T'OR, one engaged in a liquidation.--_v.t._ LIQ'UIDISE, to render liquid.--_n._ LIQUID'ITY.--_adv._ LIQ'UIDLY.--_n._ LIQ'UIDNESS. [Fr.,--L. _liquidus_, fluid--_liqu[=e]re_, to be fluid.]

LIQUIDAMBAR, lik'wid-am-bar, _n._ a genus of balsamiferous trees of the witch-hazel family (_Hamamelidaceæ_), native to Mexico and the United States. [L. _liquidus_, liquid, Low L. _ambar_, amber.]

LIQUOR, lik'ur, _n._ anything liquid: strong drink: a strong solution of a particular substance: any prepared solution.--_v.t._ to apply liquor or a solution to: (_Shak._) to rub with oil or grease.--_v.i._ (_slang_) to drink (esp. with _up_).--_n._ LIQ'UOR-GAUGE, a rod used by excisemen for measuring the depth of liquid in a cask.--LIQUOR LAWS, restrictive legislation with regard to the sale of intoxicating drink.--IN LIQUOR, drunk; MALT LIQUORS, liquors brewed from malt. [O. Fr. _liqeur_--L. _liquor-em_--_liqu[=e]re_.]

LIQUORICE, lik'ur-is, _n._ a plant with a sweet root which is used for medicinal purposes. [Through an O. Fr. form, from Low L. _liquiritia_, a corr. of Gr. _glykyrrhiza_--_glykys_, sweet, _rhiza_, root.]

LIQUORISH, lik'ur-ish, _adj._ obsolete spelling of _lickerish_.

LIRA, l[=e]'ra, _n._ an Italian coin, worth a franc, and divisible into 100 centesimi:--_pl._ LIRE (l[=e]'r[=a]). [It.]

LIRIODENDRON, lir-i-[=o]-den'dron, _n._ a North American tree, sometimes above 100 feet in height, having close bark, large four-lobed leaves, and greenish-yellow flowers, something like a tulip.--Also TULIP-TREE. [Gr. _leirion_, a lily, _dendron_, a tree.]

LIRIPOOP, lir'i-poop, _n._ (_obs._) a graduate's hood: smartness: a silly person.--Also LIRIPIP'IUM.

LIRK, lirk, _n._ (_Scot._) a fold.--_v.i._ to hang in creases.

LIS, lis, _n._ a controversy, litigation. [L.]

LIS, l[=e]s, _n._ (_her._) same as _Fleur-de-lis_:--_pl._ LISSES.

LISBON, liz'bon, _n._ a light-coloured wine from Estremadura in Portugal.

LISLE THREAD. See THREAD.

LISP, lisp, _v.i._ to speak with the tongue against the upper teeth or gums, as in pronouncing _th_ for _s_ or _z_: to articulate as a child: to utter imperfectly.--_v.t._ to pronounce with a lisp.--_n._ the act or habit of lisping.--_n._ LISP'ER.--_adj._ LISP'ING, pronouncing with a lisp.--_n._ the act of speaking with a lisp.--_adv._ LISP'INGLY. [A.S. _wlispian_ (a conjectural form)--_wlisp_, stammering; Dut. _lispen_, Ger. _lispeln_; from the sound.]

LISSE, l[=e]s, _n._ in tapestry, the threads of the warp taken together. [Fr., also _lice_--L. _licium_.]

LISSENCEPHALOUS, lis-en-sef'a-lus, _adj._ having a brain smooth or slightly convoluted.

LISSOME, LISSOM, lis'um, _adj._ lithesome, nimble, flexible.--_n._ LISS'OMENESS.

LISSOTRICHOUS, li-sot'ri-kus, _adj._ smooth-haired.

LIST, list, _n._ the selvage on woven textile fabrics: a stripe of any kind: (_Shak._) a border.--_adj._ made of strips of woollen selvage. [A.S. _líst_; Ger. _leiste_.]

LIST, list, _n._ a catalogue, roll, or enumeration: a book, &c., containing a series of names of persons or things.--_v.t._ to place in a list or catalogue: to engage for the public service, as soldiers.--_v.i._ to enter the public service by enrolling one's name, to enlist.--ACTIVE LIST, the roll of soldiers on active service; CIVIL LIST (see CIVIL); FREE LIST (see FREE). [O. Fr. _liste_--Mid. High Ger. _liste_ (Ger. _leiste_), border; A.S. _líst_, orig. same word as above.]

LIST, list, _n._ a line enclosing a piece of ground, esp. for combat: (_pl._) the ground enclosed for a contest.--_v.t._ to enclose for a tournament.--ENTER THE LISTS, to engage in contest. [O. Fr. _lisse_ (Fr. _lice_, It. _lizza_)--Low L. _liciæ_, barrier, perh. from L. _licium_, a thrum.]

LIST, list, _v.i._ to have pleasure in: to desire: to like or please: to choose: (_naut._) to incline or heel over to one side.--_v.t._ to cause to careen or heel over.--_n._ such an inclination. [A.S. _lystan_, impers., please--_lust_, pleasure.]

LIST, list, _v.t._ and _v.i._ original form of listen: now poetical.--_v.t._ LISTEN (lis'n), to hear or attend to.--_v.i._ to give ear or hearken: to follow advice.--_n._ LIST'ENER, one who listens or hearkens.--_adjs._ LIST'FUL, attentive; LIST'LESS, having no desire or wish: careless: uninterested: weary: indolent.--_adv._ LIST'LESSLY.--_n._ LIST'LESSNESS. [A.S. _hlystan_--_hlyst_, hearing; Ice. _hlusta_.]

LISTEL, lis'tel, _n._ (_archit._) a narrow fillet.

LISTER, lis't[.e]r, _n._ a form of plough for throwing up ridges.--_n._ LIST'ING.

LISTERISM, lis't[.e]r-izm, _n._ an antiseptic method of operating introduced by the English surgeon, Lord _Lister_, born 1827.--_v.t._ LIS'TERISE, to treat by Listerism.

LIT, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of light, lighten, light, to alight.

LITANY, lit'a-ni, _n._ a prayer of supplication, esp. in processions: an appointed form of responsive prayer in public worship in which the same thing is repeated several times at no long intervals.--_ns._ LIT'ANY-DESK, -STOOL, in the English Church, a movable desk at which a minister kneels, facing the altar, while he recites the litany.--LESSER LITANY, the common formula, 'Kyrie eleison, Christe eleison, Kyrie eleison.' [O. Fr.,--Low L. _litania_--Gr. _litaneia_--_litesthai_, to pray.]

LITERAL, lit'[.e]r-al, _adj._ according to the letter: plain: not figurative or metaphorical: following the letter or exact meaning, word for word.--_v.t._ LIT'ERALISE.--_ns._ LIT'ERALISER; LIT'ERALISM, strict adherence to the letter: interpretation that is merely verbal: (_art_) exact and unimaginative rendering of objects; LIT'ERALIST; LITERAL'ITY.--_adv._ LIT'ERALLY.--_n._ LIT'ERALNESS. [Fr.,--L. _literalis_--_litera_, a letter.]

LITERARY, lit'[.e]r-ar-i, _adj._ belonging to letters or learning: skilled in learning.--_n._ LIT'ERACY, state of being literate:--opp. to _Illiteracy_.--_adj._ LIT'ER[=A]TE, acquainted with letters of learning: learned.--_n._ one educated, but not having taken a university degree, esp. a candidate for holy orders who has not been at a university.--_n.pl._ LITER[=A]'T[=I], men of letters, the learned (sing. forms, LITER[=A]'TUS, LITERÄ'TO).--_adv._ LITER[=A]'TIM, letter for letter: without the change of a letter.--_n._ LITER[=A]'TOR, a dabbler in learning: a man of letters, a literary man--sometimes in the French form _Littérateur_.--_adj._ LIT'EROSE, distinctively literary.--_n._ LITEROS'ITY. [L. _literarius_.]

LITERATURE, lit'[.e]r-a-t[=u]r, _n._ the science of letters or what is written: the whole body of literary compositions in any language, or on a given subject: all literary productions except those relating to positive science and art, usually confined, however, to the belles-lettres.--_adj._ LIT'ERATURED (_Shak._), learned, having literary knowledge.--LIGHT LITERATURE, books which can be read and understood without mental exertion: fiction; POLITE LITERATURE, belles-lettres. [Fr.,--L. _literatura_--_litera_, a letter.]

LITH, lith, _n._ (_prov._) a joint, segment, or portion of anything. [A.S. _lið_, a member; Ger. _glied_.]

LITHAGOGUE, lith'a-gog, _adj._ expelling stone from the bladder or kidneys.--_n._ a medicine with this quality.

LITHANTHRAX, li-than'thraks, _n._ stone-coal, mineral coal.

LITHARGE, lith'ärj, _n._ the semi-vitrified oxide of lead separated from silver in refining. [Fr.,--Gr. _lithargyros_--_lithos_, a stone, _argyros_, silver.]

LITHE, l[=i]th, _adj._ easily bent, flexible, active.--_adv._ LITHE'LY.--_n._ LITHE'NESS.--_adj._ LITHE'SOME.--_n._ LITHE'SOMENESS. [A.S. _líðe_; Ger. _lind_ and _gelinde_.]

LITHE, l[=i]th, _v.i._ (_obs._) to listen. [Ice. _hlydha_, to listen--_hljódh_, hearing.]

LITHEMIA, LITHÆMIA, li-th[=e]'mi-a, _n._ an excess of uric acid in the blood.--_adj._ LITH[=E]'MIC.

LITHER, l[=i]th'[.e]r, _adj._ (_Shak._) soft, yielding: (_obs._) bad, lazy.--_adj._ LITH'ERLY, mischievous.--_adv._ slowly: lazily. [A.S. _lýthre_, bad.]

LITHIA, lith'i-a, _n._ an alkali, the oxide of lithium, discovered in 1817 by Arfvedson: a mineral water good against the stone. [Low L.,--Gr. _lithos_, stone.]

LITHIASIS, li-th[=i]'a-sis, _n._ a bodily condition in which uric acid is deposited as stone or gravel in the urinary canals. [Gr. _lithos_, a stone.]

LITHIC, lith'ik, _adj._ pertaining to, or obtained from, stone, specially from urinary calculi.--_ns._ LITH'ATE, a salt of lithic acid; LITHIFIC[=A]'TION, a hardening into stone. [Gr. _lithikos_--_lithos_, a stone.]

LITHIUM, lith'i-um, _n._ one of the alkaline metals, of a silvery appearance, found in several minerals combined with silica.--_adj._ LITH'IC. [Gr. _lithos_, a stone.]

LITHOCARP, lith'o-karp, _n._ a fossil fruit.

LITHOCHROMATIC, lith-o-kr[=o]-mat'ik, _adj._ pertaining to painting in oils on stone.--_n.pl._ LITHOCHROMAT'ICS, this art. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, _chr[=o]ma_, colour.]

LITHOCLAST, lith'o-klast, _n._ an instrument for crushing bladder-stones. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, _kl[=a]n_, to crush.]

LITHODOME, lith'[=o]-d[=o]m, _n._ a shellfish living in a hole in a rock.--_adj._ LITHOD'OMOUS.

LITHOFRACTEUR, lith-[=o]-frak't[.e]r, _n._ a blasting explosive.

LITHOGENOUS, li-thoj'e-nus, _adj._ stone-producing.--_n._ LITHOGEN'ESY, the science of the origin of minerals.

LITHOGLYPH, lith'o-glif, _n._ any engraving on stone, esp. a precious stone.--_adj._ LITHOGLYPH'IC.--_ns._ LITH'OGLYPHICS, LITHOGLYPT'ICS, the art of engraving on precious stones; LITHOG'LYPHITE, a fossil as if engraved by art. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, _glyphein_, to carve.]

LITHOGRAPH, lith'o-graf, _v.t._ to write or engrave on stone and transfer to paper by printing.--_n._ a print from stone.--_n._ LITHOG'RAPHER.--_adjs._ LITHOGRAPH'IC, -AL, belonging to lithography.--_adv._ LITHOGRAPH'ICALLY.--_n._ LITHOG'RAPHY, the art of writing or engraving on stone and printing therefrom.--LITHOGRAPHIC STONE, SLATE, a yellowish, compact, fine-grained, slaty limestone used in lithography. [Gr. _lithos_, a stone, _graphein_, to write.]

LITHOID, -AL, lith'oid, -al, _adj._ resembling a stone.

LITHOLABE, lith'[=o]-l[=a]b, _n._ an instrument for grasping a calculus and holding it while being crushed.

LITHOLATRY, li-thol'a-tri, _n._ the worship of stones.--_adj._ LITHOL'ATROUS.

LITHOLOGY, lith-ol'o-ji, _n._ the science that treats of rocks as mineral masses: that part of medical science concerned with the calculi found in the human body.--_adjs._ LITHOLOG'IC, -AL.--_n._ LITHOL'OGIST, one skilled in lithology. [Gr. _lithos_, a stone, _logos_, discourse.]

LITHOLOPAXY, lith'ol-o-pak-si, _n._ the operation of crushing stone in the bladder, and of at once removing the fragments by suction. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, _hapax_, once only.]

LITHOMANCY, lith'o-man-si, _n._ divination by stones. [Gr. _lithos_, a stone, _manteia_, divination.]

LITHOMARGE, lith'o-märj, _n._ a clay-like mineral substance, sometimes called _Mountain marrow_, soft, greasy to the touch, white, yellow, or red. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, L. _marga_, marl.]

LITHOPHAGOUS, lith-of'a-gus, _adj._ eating stones: perforating stones, as certain molluscs. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, _phagein_, to eat.]

LITHOPHANE, lith'o-f[=a]n, _n._ ornamental porcelain with pictures which show through the transparency. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, _phainesthai_, to appear.]

LITHOPHOTOGRAPHY, lith-o-fo-tog'ra-fi, _n._ the art of printing from lithographic stones photographic pictures developed upon them.

LITHOPHYL, lith'[=o]-f[=i]l, _n._ a fossil leaf.

LITHOPHYTE, lith'o-f[=i]t, _n._ any one of the polyps whose substance is stony or hard, as corals. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, _phyton_, plant.]

LITHOTINT, lith'o-tint, _n._ the process of producing coloured pictures from lithographic stones: a picture so produced. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, and _tint_.]

LITHOTOMY, lith-ot'o-mi, _n._ cutting for stone in the bladder.--_n._ LITH'OTOME, a mineral resembling a cut gem: a cystotome.--_adjs._ LITHOTOM'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or performed by, lithotomy.--_n._ LITHOT'OMIST, one who practises lithotomy. [Gr. _lithos_, a stone, _tom[=e]_, a cutting--_temnein_, to cut.]

LITHOTRITY, lith'[=o]-tr[=i]-ti, _n._ the operation of crushing a stone in the bladder, so that its fragments may be removed through the urethra--also LITH'OTRIPSY.--_ns._ LITHOTHRYP'TIST, LITH'OTHRYPTOR, LITHOTRIP'TIST, LITH'OTRIPTOR, LITH'OTRITIST, one who practises lithotrity; LITH'OTHRYPTY; LITH'OTRITE, LITH'OTRITOR, an apparatus for crushing a stone in the bladder.--_adjs._ LITHOTRIT'IC, LITHOTRIP'TIC--also LITHOTHRYP'TIC. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, _tribein_, to rub.]

LITHOTYPY, lith'[=o]-t[=i]-pi, _n._ the process of making a kind of stereotype plates by filling a mould with a composition which, when cooled, becomes hard.--_n._ LITH'OTYPE, a stereotype plate, produced by lithotypy.--_v.t._ to prepare for printing by lithotypy. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, _typos_, type.]

LITIGATE, lit'i-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to contest in law.--_v.i._ to carry on a lawsuit.--_adjs._ LIT'IGABLE, that may be contested in law; LIT'IGANT, contending at law: engaged in a lawsuit.--_n._ a person engaged in a lawsuit.--_ns._ LITIG[=A]'TION; LIT'IG[=A]TOR, one who litigates; LITIGIOS'ITY, LITIG'IOUSNESS.--_adj._ LITIG'IOUS, inclined to engage in lawsuits: subject to contention.--_adv._ LITIG'IOUSLY. [L. _litig[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_lis_, _litis_, a strife, _ag[)e]re_, to do.]

LITMUS, lit'mus, _n._ a dye obtained from certain lichens, originally red, but becoming blue on the addition of alkalies or of lime.--LITMUS PAPER, paper used in chemical testing, tinged blue by litmus, reddened by an acid, made blue again by an alkali. [For _lakmose_--Dut. _lakmoes_--_lak_, lac, _moes_, pulp.]

LITOTES, lit'[=o]-t[=e]z, _n._ (_rhet._) an affirmation made indirectly by the negation of its contrary, as 'a citizen of no mean city'='of an illustrious city.' [Gr. _litot[=e]s_, simplicity--_litos_, plain.]

LITRAMETER, lit-ram'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the specific gravity of liquids by the height to which they rise in vertical tubes under a definite air-pressure. [Gr. _litra_, a pound, _metron_, measure.]

LITRE, l[=e]'t[.e]r, _n._ (_her._) a hatchment consisting of a black belt, charged with the arms of the deceased. [Fr.; prob. orig. _listre_=_liste_, border.]

LITRE, l[=e]'tr, _n._ the unit of the French measures of capacity, both dry and liquid. It is the volume of a cubic decimètre, and contains a kilogramme of water at 4° C. in a vacuum, equal to .2200967 British imperial gallon, therefore less than a quart--4½ litres being roughly equal to a gallon.

LITTER, lit'[.e]r, _n._ a heap of straw, &c., for animals to lie upon: materials for a bed: any scattered collection of objects, esp. of little value: a vehicle containing a bed for carrying about, a hospital stretcher: a brood of small quadrupeds.--_v.t._ to cover or supply with litter: to scatter carelessly about: to give birth to (said of small animals).--_v.i._ to produce a litter or brood.--_p.adj._ LITT'ERED. [O. Fr. _litiere_--Low L. _lectaria_--L. _lectus_, a bed.]

LITTÉRATEUR, lit-[.e]r-a-t[.e]r', _n._ a literary man. [Fr.]

LITTLE, lit'l, _adj._ (_comp._ LESS; _superl._ LEAST) small in quantity or extent: weak, poor: brief.--_n._ that which is small in quantity or extent: a small space.--_adv._ in a small quantity or degree: not much.--_ns._ LITT'LE-EASE, discomfort, misery: a form of punishment, as the stocks; LITT'LE-END'IAN, one of the Lilliputian party who opposed the _Big-endians_, maintaining that boiled eggs should be cracked at the little end; LITT'LE-GO (see GO); LITT'LENESS; LITT'LE-OFF'ICE, a short service of psalms, hymns, collects, &c.--_adj._ LITT'LEWORTH, worthless.--BY LITTLE AND LITTLE, by degrees; IN LITTLE, on a small scale; NOT A LITTLE, considerably. [A.S. _lýtel_.]

LITTORAL, lit'or-al, _adj._ belonging to the sea-shore.--_n._ the strip of land along it.--LITTORAL ZONE, the interval on a sea-coast between high and low water mark. [L.,--_litus_, _lit[)o]ris_, shore.]

LITURATE, lit'[=u]-r[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) having spots formed by the abrasion of the surface: in entomology, marked with spots (_Lituræ_) growing paler at one end.

LITURGY, lit'ur-ji, _n._ the form of service or regular ritual of a church--strictly, that used in the celebration of the Eucharist: in ancient Greece, a form of personal service to the state.--_n._ LITURGE', a leader in public worship.--_adjs._ LITUR'GIC, -AL.--_adv._ LITUR'GICALLY.--_ns._ LITUR'GICS, the doctrine of liturgies; LITURGIOL'OGIST, a student of liturgies; LITURGIOL'OGY, the study of liturgical forms; LIT'URGIST, a leader in public worship: one who adheres to, or who studies, liturgies. [Fr.,--Gr. _leitourgia_--_laos_, the people, _ergon_, work.]

LITUUS, li-t[=u]'us, _n._ an augur's staff with recurved top: a spiral of similar form.--_adjs._ LIT'U[=A]TE, forked with the points turned outward; LIT'UIFORM. [L.]

LIVE, liv, _v.i._ to have, or continue in, life, temporal or spiritual: to last, subsist: to enjoy life: to direct one's course of life: to be nourished or supported: to dwell.--_v.t._ to spend: to act in conformity to:--_pr.p._ liv'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ lived.--_adj._ LIV'ABLE, capable of being lived: habitable.--_n._ LIV'ER.--LIVE DOWN, live so as to cause a slander, a grief, &c. to be forgotten by one's self or others; LIVE OUT, to continue alive until the end of anything: (_U.S._) to be from home in domestic service; LIVE UNDER, to be tenant to; LIVE UP TO, to rule one's life according to some standard. [A.S. _lifian_; Ger. _leben_.]

LIVE, l[=i]v, _adj._ having life: alive, not dead: active: containing fire: burning: vivid.--LIVED (l[=i]vd), used in compounds, as _long-lived_.--_ns._ LIVE'-AXLE, driving-axle; LIVE'-BAIT, a living worm or minnow used in fishing: LIVE'-CIR'CUIT, a circuit through which an electric current is flowing.--_n.pl._ LIVE'-FEATH'ERS, those plucked from the living fowl.--_n._ LIVE'-L[=E]'VER, that one of a pair of brake-levers to which the power is first applied:--opp. to _Dead-lever_.--_adj._ LIVE'-LONG, that lives or lasts long.--_ns._ LIVE'-OAK, an American oak, with durable wood; LIVE'-SHELL, a shell loaded and fused for firing, or fired and not yet exploded; LIVE'-STOCK, domestic animals, esp. horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs; LIVE'-WELL, the well in a fishing-boat where fish are kept alive.

LIVELIHOOD, l[=i]v'li-hood, _n._ means of living: support--(_obs._) LIVE'LIHED. [A.S. _líf_. life, _lád_, a way.]

LIVELY, l[=i]v'li, _adj._ showing life: vigorous, active: sprightly: spirited: vivid.--_adv._ vivaciously, vigorously.--_adv._ L[=I]VE'LILY.--_n._ L[=I]VE'LINESS.

LIVER, liv'[.e]r, _n._ the largest gland in the body, which secretes the bile.--_adjs._ LIV'ER-COL'OUR, of the colour of the liver: dark-red; LIV'ERED, in compounds, as _white-livered_, _lily-livered_=cowardly.--_n._ LIVER-FLUKE, a trematoid worm (_Distoma hepatica_).--_adj._ LIV'ER-GROWN, having a swelled liver.--_n._ LIVERWORT, any plant of the cryptogamic family _Hepaticæ_, allied to mosses.--_adj._ LIV'ERY, resembling the liver. [A.S. _lifer_; Ger. _leber_, Ice. _lifr_.]

LIVERY, liv'[.e]r-i, _n._ the dress or uniform worn by servants, esp. men-servants: a dress peculiar to certain persons or things, as in the trade-guilds of London: any characteristic dress: the being kept and fed at a certain rate, as horses at livery: the whole body of liverymen in London: (_orig._) the distinctive dress worn by the household of a king or nobleman, so called because delivered or given at regular periods.--_adj._ LIV'ERIED, clothed in livery.--_ns._ LIV'ERY-COM'PANY, a guild of the city of London; LIV'ERYMAN, a man who wears a livery: a freeman of the city of London entitled to wear the livery and enjoy other privileges of his company; LIV'ERY-SER'VANT, a servant who wears a livery; LIV'ERY-ST[=A]'BLE, a stable where horses and vehicles are kept for hire.--SUE ONE'S LIVERY (_Shak._), to ask for the writ delivering a freehold into the possession of its heir. [Fr. _livrée_--_livrer_--L. _liber[=a]re_, to free.]

LIVES, l[=i]vz, _n._ plural of _life_.

LIVID, liv'id, _adj._ black and blue: of a lead colour: discoloured.--_ns._ LIVID'ITY, LIV'IDNESS. [Fr.,--L. _lividus_--_liv[=e]re_, to be of a lead colour.]

LIVING, liv'ing, _adj._ having life: active, lively: producing action or vigour: running or flowing, as opposed to stagnant.--_n._ means of subsistence: manner of life: a property: the benefice of a clergyman.--LIVING ROCK, rock in its native state or location; LIVING ROOM, a sitting-room for general family use; LIVING WAGE, a wage on which it is possible for a workman and his family to live fairly.--THE LIVING, those alive.

LIVRAISON, l[=e]-vr[=a]-zon', _n._ a number of a book published in parts. [Fr.]

LIVRE, l[=e]'vr, _n._ an old French coin, about the value of a franc, by which it was superseded in 1795: the ancient French unit of weight, equal to about 1 lb. avoirdupois. [Fr.,--L. _libra_, a pound.]

LIXIVIATION, liks-iv-i-[=a]'shun, _n._ the process of washing or steeping certain substances in a fluid, for the purpose of dissolving a portion of their ingredients, and so separating them from the insoluble residue.--_adjs._ LIXIV'IAL, LIXIV'IOUS.--_v.t._ LIXIV'IATE.--_n._ LIXIV'IUM, lye. [L. _lixivium_, lye.]

LIZARD, liz'ard, _n._ a family of four-footed scaly reptiles, a saurian or lacertilian.--_n._ LIZ'ARD-STONE, a Cornish serpentine. [Fr. _lézard_--L. _lacerta_.]

LLAMA, lä'ma, or l[=a]'ma, _n._ a South American ruminant of the camel family, used for transport in the Andes.

LLANO, lä'n[=o], or lyä'n[=o], _n._ one of the vast steppes or plains in the northern part of South America:--_pl._ LLA'NOS.--_n._ LLANERO (lya-n[=a]'r[=o]), an inhabitant of the llanos. [Sp.,--L. _planus_, plain.]

LLOYD'S, loidz, _n._ a part of the London Royal Exchange frequented by ship-owners, underwriters, &c. to obtain shipping intelligence and transact marine insurance.--LLOYD'S REGISTER, a list of sea-going vessels classified according to seaworthiness (as A1, &c.), annually prepared by an association of members of Lloyd's. [From their originally meeting in the coffee-house in Tower Street kept by Edward _Lloyd_ in the 17th century.]

LO, l[=o], _interj._ look! see! behold! [A.S. _lá_; imit.]

LOACH, LOCHE, l[=o]ch, _n._ a small river-fish.--Also _Beardie_. [Fr. _loche_, Sp. _loja_.]

LOAD, l[=o]d, _v.t._ to lade or burden: to put on as much as can be carried: to heap on: to put on overmuch: to confer or give in great abundance: to weigh down, to oppress: to weight by something specially added: to charge, as a gun: to make heavy, as a thin wine: to mix with white: to lay on colour in masses.--_v.i._ to put or take on a load: to charge a gun: to become loaded or burdened.--_n._ a lading or burden: as much as can be carried at once: freight or cargo: a measure: any large quantity borne: a quantity sustained with difficulty: that which burdens or grieves: a weight or encumbrance.--LOAD'EN, old _pa.p._ of load.--_ns._ LOAD'ER, one who, or that which, loads; LOAD'ING, the act of lading: a charge, cargo, or lading; LOAD'ING-MACHINE', a contrivance for loading cartridge-shells; LOAD'ING-TRAY, an iron frame on which a shot or shell is placed and brought forward into the opening in the breech of a gun; LOAD'-LINE, a line along the ship's side to mark the depth to which her proper cargo causes her to sink--also _Plimsoll's mark_.--LOAD A CANE, WHIP, to weight it with lead, &c.; LOAD DICE, to make one side heavier than the other, for purposes of cheating; LOAD WINE, to falsify by mixing it with distilled liquor, sugar, &c. [A.S. _hladan_, pa.t. _hlód_, to load.]

LOADSTAR. Same as LODESTAR.

LOADSTONE. Same as LODESTONE.

LOAF, l[=o]f, _n._ a regularly shaped mass of bread: a mass of sugar: any lump:--_pl._ LOAVES (l[=o]vz).--_n._ LOAF'-SUG'AR, refined sugar in the form of a cone.--LOAVES AND FISHES, temporal benefits, the main chance for one's self--from John, vi. 26. [A.S. _hláf_.]

LOAF, l[=o]f, _v.i._ to loiter, pass time idly.--_n._ LOAF'ER.--_adj._ LOAF'ERISH. [Prob. directly Ger. _läufer_, a runner, _laufen_, to run about.]

LOAM, l[=o]m, _n._ a muddy soil, of clay, sand, and animal and vegetable matter.--_v.t._ to cover with loam.--_adj._ LOAM'Y. [A.S. _lám_; Ger. _lehm_; cf. _lime_.]

LOAN, l[=o]n, _n._ a lane: an open space for passage left between fields of corn: a place for milking cows.--Also LOAN'ING. [_Lane_.]

LOAN, l[=o]n, _n._ anything lent: the act of lending: permission to use: money lent for interest.--_v.t._ to lend.--_adj._ LOAN'ABLE.--_ns._ LOAN'-OFF'ICE, a public office at which loans are negotiated, a pawnbroker's shop; LOAN'-SOC[=I]'ETY, a society organised to lend money to be repaid with interest by instalments; LOAN'-WORD, one taken into one language from another--like _Loafer_ above. [A.S. _l['æ]n_; Ice. _lán_, Dan. _laan_, cf. Ger. _lehen_, a fief.]

LOATH, LOTH, l[=o]th, _adj._ disliking: reluctant, unwilling.--_adv._ LOATH'LY.--_n._ LOATH'NESS. [A.S. _láð_, hateful--_líðan_, to travel; Ger. _leiden_, suffer.]

LOATHE, l[=o]_th_, _v.t._ to dislike greatly, to feel disgust at.--_adj._ LOATH'FUL, full of loathing, hate, or abhorrence: exciting loathing or disgust.--_n._ LOATH'ING, extreme hate or disgust: abhorrence.--_adj._ hating.--_adv._ LOATH'INGLY.--_adjs._ LOATH'LY, LOATH'Y (_obs._), loathsome; LOATH'SOME, exciting loathing or abhorrence: detestable.--_adv._ LOATH'SOMELY.--_n._ LOATH'SOMENESS. [A.S. _láðian_--_láð_; cf. _loath_.]

LOB, lob, _n._ a clumsy person, the last in a race: a lobworm: the coal-fish: at cricket, a long slow ball: something thick and heavy.--_v.t._ to throw gently, slowly, or with underhand delivery: at lawn-tennis, to strike the ball high over an opponent's head into the end of the court: to hang wearily down.--_n._ LOBS'POUND, a prison.--LOB LIE BY THE FIRE, Milton's _lubber-fiend_, a brownie who works by night for his bowl of cream. [W. _llob_; cf. _Lubber_.]

LOBBY, lob'i, _n._ a small hall or waiting-room: a passage serving as a common entrance to several apartments: the ante-chamber of a legislative hall, frequented by outsiders for the purpose of influencing votes.--_ns._ LOBB'YING, frequenting the lobby to collect political intelligence, &c.; LOBB'YIST, LOBB'Y-MEM'BER, a journalist, &c., who frequents a lobby in the interest of some cause or of a newspaper. [Low L. _lobia_--Middle High Ger. _loube_ (Ger. _laube_), a portico, arbour--_laub_, a leaf.]

LOBE, l[=o]b, _n._ the lower part of the ear: (_anat._) a division of the lungs, brain, &c.: (_bot._) a division of a leaf.--_adjs._ LOB'AR, LOB'[=A]TE, LOBED, LOB'OSE; LOBE'-FOOT'ED, L[=O]'BIPED, having lobate feet, as a coot, grebe, or phalarope.--_ns._ LOBE'LET, LOB'ULE, a small lobe.--_adjs._ LOB'ULAR, LOB'UL[=A]TED.--_ns._ LOB'ULUS, any small lobe or lobe-like structure:--_pl._ LOB'UL[=I]; L[=O]'BUS, a lobe:--_pl._ L[=O]'B[=I].--LOBAR PNEUMONIA, inflammation of a whole lobe of the lungs, as distinguished from LOBULAR PNEUMONIA, which attacks the lungs in patches. [Fr., prob. through Low L. from Gr. _lobos_, lobe; cf. _lap_, to fold.]

LOBELIA, lob-[=e]'li-a, _n._ an ornamental flower, its roots medicinal. [_Lobel_, a Flemish botanist.]

LOBLOLLY, lob'lol-i, _n._ a loutish person: medicine.--_n._ LOB'LOLLY-BOY, a ship-surgeon's attendant.

LOBSCOUSE, lob'skows, _n._ a stew or hash with vegetables, a dish used at sea. [Origin dub.]

LOBSTER, lob'st[.e]r, _n._ a shellfish with large claws, used for food: (_slang_) a British soldier. [A.S. _loppestre_, _lopust_--L. _locusta_, a lobster.]

LOBWORM, lob'wurm, _n._ a large worm used as bait. [Perh. _lob_--W. _llob_, a dull fellow, and worm.]

LOCAL, l[=o]'kal, _adj._ of or belonging to a place: confined to a spot or district.--_ns._ LOCALE (l[=o]-käl'), a locality: the scene of some event; LOCALIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ L[=O]'CALISE, to assign to a place: to refer a sensation in perception to some part of the body.--_ns._ L[=O]'CALISM, the state of being local: affection for a place: provincialism; LOCAL'ITY, existence in a place: position: district.--_adv._ L[=O]'CALLY.--_v.t._ LOC[=A]TE', to place: to set in a particular position: to designate the place of.--_n._ LOC[=A]'TION, act of locating or placing: situation: (_law_) a leasing on rent.--_adj._ L[=O]'C[=A]TIVE (_gram._), indicating place.--LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACTS, a series of enactments instituting local self-government of the various counties of Great Britain and of a large number of boroughs; LOCAL OPTION, a phrase first used by Mr Gladstone in a letter in 1868 for the determination by vote of the people of a town or district as to whether licenses to sell intoxicating liquors shall be granted or not. [Fr.,--Low L. _localis_--_locus_, a place.]

LOCH, loh, _n._ a lake or arm of the sea.--_ns._ LOCHABER AXE (loh-ä'b[.e]r aks), a battle-axe used by the Scottish Highlanders, having a narrow blade, but very long towards the shaft, and generally with a hook at the end of the staff; LOCH'AN (_Scot._), a pond. [Gael. _loch_; cf. _Lake_.]

LOCHE, _n._ See LOACH.

LOCHIA, l[=o]'ki-a, _n.pl._ the evacuations from the womb after childbirth.--_adj._ L[=O]'CHIAL. [Gr.]

LOCK, lok, _n._ a device to fasten doors, &c.: an enclosure in a canal for raising or lowering boats: the part of a firearm by which it is discharged: a grapple in wrestling: a state of being immovable: any narrow, confined place.--_v.t._ to fasten with a lock: to fasten so as to impede motion: to shut up: to close fast: to embrace closely: to furnish with locks.--_v.i._ to become fast: to unite closely.--_ns._ LOCK'AGE, the locks of a canal: the difference in their levels, the materials used for them, and the tolls paid for passing through them; LOCK'-CHAIN, a chain for fastening the wheels of a vehicle by tying the rims to some part which does not rotate; LOCK'ER, any closed place that may be locked; LOCK'ET, a little ornamental case of gold or silver, usually containing a miniature.--_adj._ LOCK'FAST, firmly fastened by locks.--_ns._ LOCK'GATE, a gate for opening or closing a lock in a canal or river; LOCK'-HOS'PITAL (see HOSPITAL); LOCK'HOUSE, the lock-keeper's house; LOCK'-JAW, LOCKED'-JAW, a contraction of the muscles of the jaw by which its motion is suspended; LOCK'-KEEP'ER, one who keeps or attends the locks of a canal; LOCK'OUT, the act of locking out, esp. used of the locking out of a teacher by the pupils or _vice versâ_, or of the refusal of an employer to admit his workmen within the works as a means of coercion; LOCKS'MAN, a turnkey; LOCK'SMITH, a smith who makes and mends locks; LOCK'STITCH, a stitch formed by the locking of two threads together; LOCK'UP, a place for locking up or confining persons for a short time.--NOT A SHOT IN THE LOCKER (_naut._), not a penny in the pocket. [A.S. _loca_, a lock; Ice. _loka_, a bolt, Ger. _loch_, a dungeon.]

LOCK, lok, _n._ a tuft or ringlet of hair: a small quantity, as of hay: (_Scots law_) a quantity of meal, the perquisite of a mill-servant: (_Shak._) a love-lock--_n._ LOCK'MAN, an officer in the Isle of Man who acts as a kind of under-sheriff to the governor. [A.S. _locc_; Ice. _lokkr_, Ger. _locke_, a lock.]

LOCKIAN, lok'i-an, _adj._ pertaining to the philosophy of John _Locke_ (1632-1704).--_ns._ LOCK'IAN, LOCK'IST.

LOCKRAM, lok'ram, _n._ a kind of coarse linen--from _Locrenan_, in Brittany, where made.

LOCOFOCO, l[=o]-k[=o]-f[=o]'k[=o], _n._ (_U.S._) a friction match: the extreme section of the Democratic party of 1835, known as the Equal Rights Party, or any adherent of it. [L. _locus_, a place, _focus_, a hearth.]

LOCOMOTIVE, l[=o]-ko-m[=o]'tiv, _adj._ moving from place to place: capable of, or assisting in, locomotion.--_n._ a locomotive machine: a railway engine.--_ns._ LOCOM[=O]'TION; LOCOMOTIV'ITY; LOCOM[=O]'TOR.--_adj._ LOCOM[=O]'TORY.--LOCOMOTOR ATAXY (see ATAXIA). [L. _locus_, a place, _mov[=e]re_, _motum_, to move.]

LOCORESTIVE, l[=o]-k[=o]-res'tiv, _adj._ staying in one place.

LOCULUS, lok'[=u]-lus, _n._ (_bot._, _anat._, _zool._) a small compartment or cell: in ancient catacombs, a small recess for holding an urn:--_pl._ LOC'UL[=I].--_n._ LOC'ULAMENT (_bot._), loculus.--_adjs._ LOC'ULAR, LOC'UL[=A]TE, LOC'ULOSE, LOC'ULOUS. [Dim. of L. _locus_, a place.]

LOCUM-TENENS, l[=o]'kum-t[=e]n'enz, _n._ a deputy or substitute.--_n._ L[=O]'CUM-T[=E]N'ENCY, the holding by a temporary substitute of a post. [L. _locus_, a place, _ten[=e]re_, to hold.]

LOCUS, l[=o]'kus, _n._ (_math._) the curve described by a point, or the surface generated by a line, moving in a given manner: a passage in a writing:--_pl._ LOCI (l[=o]'s[=i]), a collection of passages, esp. from sacred and ancient writings, arranged with special reference to some particular theme.--LOCUS CLASSICUS (_pl._ LOCI CLASSICI), a standard passage, esp. in an ancient author: that passage which is the accepted authority for some particular subject or for the use of some special or disputed word; LOCUS STANDI (_law_), right of place in court: recognised place or position. [L.]

LOCUST, l[=o]'kust, _n._ a migratory winged insect, in shape like the grasshopper, highly destructive to vegetation.--_v.i._ (_rare_) to lay waste like locusts. [L. _locusta_.]

LOCUST, l[=o]'kust, _n._ a tree with thorny branches and dense clusters of white, heavily-scented flowers, found in the U.S.: the carob-tree.--_ns._ LOCUS'TA, the spikelet of grasses:--_pl._ LOCUS'TÆ; L[=O]'CUST-BEAN, the sweet pod of the carob-tree.

LOCUTION, l[=o]-k[=u]'shun, _n._ the act of speaking: form of speaking, phraseology, a phrase.--_n._ LOC'UTORY, a room for conversation, esp. in monastic establishments. [L. _locution-em_--_loqui_, _locutus_, to speak.]

LODE, l[=o]d, _n._ a vein containing metallic ore: a reach of water: an open ditch.--_ns._ LODES'MAN, a pilot; LODE'STAR, the star that guides, the pole-star--often used figuratively; LODE'STONE, a stone or ore of iron that attracts other pieces of iron. [A.S. _lád_, a course--_líðan_, to travel.]

LODGE, loj, _n._ a small house in a park: a hut: the cottage of a gatekeeper: a retreat: a secret association, also the place of meeting.--_v.t._ to furnish with a temporary dwelling: place, deposit: to infix, to settle: to drive to covert: to lay flat, as grain.--_v.i._ to reside: to rest: to dwell for a time: to pass the night: to lie flat, as grain.--_ns._ LODG'ER, one who lodges or lives at board or in a hired room; LODG'ING, temporary habitation: a room or rooms hired in the house of another (often in _pl._): harbour; LODG'ING-HOUSE, a house where lodgings are let, a house other than a hotel where travellers lodge; LODG'MENT, act of lodging, or state of being lodged: accumulation of something that remains at rest: (_mil._) the occupation of a position by a besieging party, and the works thrown up to maintain it.--LODGER FRANCHISE, a right to vote conferred on persons occupying lodgings.--GRAND LODGE, the principal lodge of Freemasons, presided over by the Grand-master. [O. Fr. _loge_--Old High Ger. _loub[=a]_, an arbour.]

LOESS, l[.e]s, or l[=o]'es, _n._ a loamy deposit of Pleistocene age, in the valleys of the Rhine, Danube, and Rhone.--Also LÖSS. [Ger. _löss_.]

LOFT, loft, _n._ the room or space immediately under a roof: a gallery in a hall or church: an upper room.--_v.t._ to furnish with a loft: (_golf_) to strike the ball up by means of a club called the LOFT'ER.--_adv._ LOFT'ILY.--_n._ LOFT'INESS.--_adj._ LOFT'Y, high in position, character, sentiment, or diction: stately: haughty.--LOFTED HOUSE (_Scot._), a house of more than one story.--COCK OF THE LOFT, the head or chief of a set. [Ice. _lopt_ (loft), the sky, an upper room; A.S. _lyft_, Ger. _luft_, the air.]

LOG, log, _n._ a Hebrew liquid measure, believed to be very nearly an English pint. [Heb. _l[=o]gh_.]

LOG, log, _n._ a bulky piece of wood: a heavy, stupid, or sluggish person.--_adj._ consisting of logs.--_ns._ LOG'-CAB'IN, -HOUSE, -HUT, a cabin or hut built of hewn or unhewn logs, common in new American settlements; LOG'GAT, a small log or piece of wood: an old game somewhat like nine-pins; LOG'GERHEAD, a blockhead: a dunce: (_naut._) a round piece of timber, in a whale-boat, over which the line is passed: a species of sea-turtle: a round mass of iron with a long handle, heated for various purposes.--_adj._ LOG'GERHEADED.--_ns._ LOG'-HEAD, a blockhead; LOG'-MAN (_Shak._), a man who carries logs: (_U.S._) one whose occupation is to cut and remove logs--also LOG'GER.--_v.t._ LOG'-ROLL, to engage in log-rolling.--_ns._ LOG'-ROLL'ER; LOG'-ROLL'ING, a combination for facilitating the collection of logs after the clearing of a piece of land, or for rolling logs into a stream: mutual aid given by politicians for carrying out individual schemes: a system of literary criticism conducted on the lines of mutual admiration or adulation; LOG'WOOD, the dark-red heart-wood of _Hæmatoxylon campechianum_, a native of Mexico and Central America, whence it is exported in logs.--AT LOGGERHEADS, at issue, quarrelling about differences of opinion, &c. [Ice. _lág_, a felled tree, _liggja_, to lie. Cf. _Lie_ and _Log_.]

LOG, log, _n._ a piece of wood with a line for measuring the speed of a ship: the record of a ship's progress.--_v.t._ to exhibit by the indication of the log: to enter in the logbook.--_ns._ LOG'BOARD; LOG'BOOK, the official record of the proceedings on board ship: a book kept by the head-master of a board-school for recording attendances and other matters connected with the school; LOG'-CHIP, the board, in the form of a quadrant, attached to a logline; LOG'-GLASS, a 14- or 28-second sand-glass, used with the logline to ascertain the speed of a ship; LOG'LINE, the line fastened to the log, and marked for finding the speed of a vessel; LOG'-REEL, a reel on which the logline is wound; LOG'-SLATE, a double slate, marked and ruled in the inside, for recording the log.--HEAVE THE LOG, to learn the speed of a ship by logline and glass. [Sw. _logg_, a ship's log, a piece of wood that lies in the water.]

LOGAN, log'an, _n._ a rocking-stone.--Also LOG'GING-ROCK. [Prob. cog. with Dan. _logre_, to wag the tail.]

LOGAOEDIC, log-a-[=e]'dik, _adj._ (_ancient prosody_) pertaining to a variety of trochaic or iambic verse, where dactyls are combined with trochees or anapæsts with iambi. [Gr. _logos_, prose, _aoid[=e]_, song.]

LOGARITHM, log'a-rithm, _n._ (of a number) the power to which another given number must be raised in order that it may equal the former number: one of a series of numbers having a certain relation to the series of natural numbers by means of which many arithmetical operations are simplified.--_adjs._ LOGARITH'MIC, -AL, pertaining to, or consisting of, logarithms.--_adv._ LOGARITH'MICALLY. [Gr. _logos_, ratio, _arithmos_, number.]

LOGGIA, loj'a, _n._ an open arcade enclosing a passage or open apartment, common in Italy:--_pl._ LOGG'IE (-e). [It.; cf. _Lodge_.]

LOGIA, log'i-a, _n.pl._ oracles, sayings, a supposed primitive collection of the sayings and discourses of Jesus, largely drawn upon by the writers of the first and third gospels for much of what they have in common with each other apart from Mark. [Gr.]

LOGIC, loj'ik, _n._ the science and art of reasoning correctly: the science of the necessary laws of thought.--_adj._ LOG'ICAL, according to the rules of logic: skilled in logic: discriminating.--_ns._ LOGICAL'ITY, LOG'ICALNESS.--_adv._ LOG'ICALLY.--_n._ LOGIC'IAN, one skilled in logic.--_v.i._ LOG'ICISE, to argue.--CHOP LOGIC (see CHOP); DEDUCTIVE LOGIC, logic independent of probability or quantitative considerations; FORMAL LOGIC, logic regarded as a distinct science, independent of matters of fact; INDUCTIVE LOGIC, the logic of scientific reasoning; MATERIAL LOGIC, logic which takes into account natural fact or phenomena, as distinct from _formal logic_; NATURAL LOGIC, the natural faculty of distinguishing the true from the false: the logical doctrine applicable to natural things as opposed to the _logic of faith_; PURE LOGIC, the general laws of thought. [Gr. _logik[=e]_, from _logos_, speech.]

LOGISTIC, -AL, loj-is'tik, -al, _adj._ skilled in calculating: proportional.--_n._ LOGIS'TIC, the art of calculation, sexagesimal arithmetic: (_pl._) that branch of military science relating to the movement and supplying of armies. [Gr. _logist[=e]s_, a calculator--_logizesthai_, to compute.]

LOGODÆDALY, log-o-d[=e]'da-li, _n._ verbal legerdemain.

LOGOGRAM, log'o-gram, _n._ a sign which represents a word: a puzzle in which from an original word, by combinations of all or some of its letters, other words are formed, which again are concealed under synonymous expressions in a series of verses. [Gr. _logos_, word, _gramma_, letter.]

LOGOGRAPHER, lo-gog'ra-f[.e]r, _n._ in Greek literature, one of the earliest annalists, esp. those before Herodotus.--_adjs._ LOGOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ LOGOGRAPH'ICALLY.--_ns._ LOGOG'RAPHY, a method of printing with whole words cast in a single type; LOG'OTYPE, a type containing two or more letters. [Gr.,--_logos_, word, _graphein_, to write.]

LOGOGRIPH, log'[=o]-grif, _n._ a riddle. [Gr. _logos_, word, _griphos_, a riddle.]

LOGOMACHY, lo-gom'a-ki, _n._ contention about words or in words merely.--_n._ LOGOM'ACHIST. [Gr. _logomachia_--_logos_, word, _mach[=e]_, fight.]

LOGOMANIA, log-o-m[=a]'ni-a, _n._ disease of the faculty of language. [Gr. _logos_, speech, and _mania_.]

LOGOMETER, l[=o]-gom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ a logarithmic scale: a scale for measuring chemical equivalents.

LOGOS, log'os, _n._ in the Stoic philosophy, the active principle living in and determining the world: (_theol._) the Word of God incarnate. [Gr.]

LOIMIC, loi'mik, _adj._ relating to the plague.--_ns._ LOIMOG'RAPHY; LOIMOL'OGY.

LOIN, loin, _n._ the back of a beast cut for food: (_pl._) the reins, or the lower part of the back.--_n._ LOIN'-CLOTH, a piece of cloth for wearing round the loins.--GIRD UP THE LOINS, to prepare for energetic action--the clothes tucked up before running, &c. [O. Fr. _logne_--L. _lumbus_, loin.]

LOITER, loi't[.e]r, _v.i._ to delay: to be slow in moving: to linger.--_n._ LOI'TERER.--_adv._ LOI'TERINGLY. [Dut. _leuteren_, to trifle; Ger. prov. _lottern_, to waver.]

LOKI, l[=o]'ki, _n._ an evil giant-god in Norse mythology.

LOLIGO, l[=o]-l[=i]'go, _n._ the typical genus of _Loliginidæ_, embracing the common European squid. [L.]

LOLIUM, l[=o]'li-um, _n._ a genus of grasses of the tribe Hordeeæ. [L., darnel, 'tares.']

LOLL, lol, _v.i._ to lie lazily about, to lounge: to hang out from the mouth.--_v.t._ to thrust out (the tongue).--_n._ LOLL'ER.--_adv._ LOLL'INGLY.--_v.i._ LOLL'OP, to lounge, idle: (_coll._) to be moved heavily about. [Old Dut. _lollen_, to sit over the fire; cf. _Lull_.]

LOLLARDS, lol'ards, _n.pl._ the followers of Wycliffe in England: a society founded in Antwerp (1300 A.D.) for the burial of the dead and the care of the sick.--_ns._ LOLL'ARDY, LOLL'ARDISM, the doctrines of the Lollards. [Old Dut. _Lollaerd_, from their peculiar hum in singing--_lollen_, to sing softly; but confused with M. E. _loller_, an idler; cf. _Loll_.]

LOLLY, lol'i, _n._ a lump.--_n._ LOLL'YPOP, a sweetmeat made with sugar and treacle: (_pl._) sweets.

LOMA, l[=o]'ma, _n._ a lobe, flap, or fringe bordering the toe of a bird.

LOMBARD, lom'bard, _n._ an inhabitant of _Lombardy_ in Italy: one of the Lombards or Langobardi, a Germanic tribe, which founded a kingdom in Lombardy (568), overthrown by Charlemagne (774): (_obs._) a banker or money-lender, so called from the number of Lombard bankers in London.--_adjs._ LOM'BARD, LOMBAR'DIC.--LOMBARD ARCHITECTURE, the style used by the Lombards, derived from the base Roman style they found in the country, superseded by the Pointed Style imported from France (13th century); LOMBARD STREET, the chief centre of the banking interest in London. [O. Fr.,--L. _Langobardus_, from Old Teut. _lang_, long, _bart_, beard.]

LOMENT, l[=o]'ment, _n._ (_bot._) an indehiscent legume, with constrictions or transverse articulations between the seeds--also LOMEN'TUM.--_adj._ LOMENT[=A]'CEOUS.

LONDONER, lun'dun-[.e]r, _n._ a native or citizen of London.--_adj._ LONDONESE', pertaining to London: cockney.--_n._ English as spoken in London: cockney speech.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ LON'DONISE.--_n._ LON'DONISM, a mode of speech, &c., peculiar to London.--LONDON CLAY, a geological formation in south-eastern England, belonging to the lower division of the Eocene Tertiary; LONDON PRIDE, a hardy perennial cultivated in cottage-gardens--also _None-so-pretty_ and _St Patrick's cabbage_.

LONE, l[=o]n, LONELY, l[=o]n'li, _adj._ alone: solitary: retired: standing by itself.--_ns._ LONE'LINESS, LONE'NESS.--_adj._ LONE'SOME, solitary: dismal.--_adv._ LONE'SOMELY.--_n._ LONE'SOMENESS. [_Alone_.]

LONG, long, _conj._ by means (of), owing (to). [_Along_.]

LONG, long, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to belong.

LONG, long, _adj._ (_comp._ LONG'ER; _superl._ LONG'EST) extended: not short: extended in time: slow in coming: tedious: far-reaching.--_n._ (_prosody_) a long time or syllable: (_coll._) the long summer vacation at the English universities, termed 'the Long.'--_adv._ to a great extent in space or time: through the whole: all along.--_v.i._ to desire earnestly.--_adv._ LONG'-AG[=O]', in the far past.--_n._ the far past.--_n._ LONGANIM'ITY, long-suffering, endurance.--_adj._ LONGAN'IMOUS.--_ns._ LONG'BOAT, the largest and strongest boat of a ship; LONG'-BOW, a bow bent by the hand in shooting, called long as distinguished from the cross-bow.--_adj._ LONG'-BREATHED, able to continue violent exercise of the lungs for a long time.--_n.pl._ LONG'-COATS, long clothes, worn by infants.--_adj._ LONG'-DESCEND'ED, of ancient lineage.--_n._ LONG'-DOZ'EN, thirteen.--_adjs._ LONG'-DRAWN, prolonged; LONGEVAL, LONGEVOUS (-j[=e]'-), of long or great age.--_ns._ LONGEVITY (-jev'-); LONG'-FIELD (_cricket_), a fielder placed near the boundary on the bowler's side; LONG'-FIRM, the name given to a company of swindlers who obtain goods on pretence of being established in business, and then decamp without payment to do the like elsewhere; LONG'HAND, writing of the ordinary kind.--_adj._ LONG'-HEAD'ED, having good intellectual powers: sagacious.--_ns._ LONG'-HEAD'EDNESS; LONG'-HUN'DRED, a hundred and twenty.--_adjs._ LON'GICORN (-ji-), having long antennæ; LONGIMANOUS (-jim'-), long-handed; LONGIMET'RIC.--_ns._ LONGIMETRY (-jim'-), the art of measuring distances; LONG'ING, an eager desire, craving, esp. of the whimsical desires sometimes felt in pregnancy.--_adv._ LONG'INGLY.--_n._ LONGINQUITY (-jinq'-), greatness of distance.--_adj._ LONGIPEN'NATE (-ji-), long-winged, as gulls.--_n._ LONGIROS'TER (-ji-), one of a family of birds having a long, slender bill, as the snipe.--_adjs._ LONGIROS'TRAL, LONGIROS'TRATE (-ji-), having a long bill or beak; LONG'ISH.--_n._ LON'GITUDE (-ji-), distance of a place east or west of a given meridian: distance in degrees from the vernal equinox, on the ecliptic--_adj._ LONGITUD'INAL, pertaining to longitude or length: extending lengthwise.--_adv._ LONGITUD'INALLY.--_n._ LONG'-LEG (_cricket_), see LEG.--_adj._ LONG'-LEGGED, having long legs.--_n._ LONG'LEGS, an insect with long legs, as the common crane-fly.--_adj._ LONG'-LIVED, having a long life.--_adv._ LONG'LY (_Shak._), longingly.--_ns._ LONG'-MEAS'URE, lineal measure; LONG'-OFF, LONG'-ON (_cricket_), the fielders in the long-field to the left and right of the bowler respectively; LONG'-PRIM'ER, a size of type intermediate between small pica and bourgeois; LONG'-PUR'PLES, the manorchis.--_adj._ LONG'-RANGE, able to reach or hit from a considerable distance.--_n.pl._ LONGS'-AND-SHORTS', verses.--_adj._ LONG'SHORE, existing or employed along the shore.--_n._ LONG'SHOREMAN, a stevedore: one who makes a living along shores by oyster-fishing, &c.--_adj._ LONG'-SIGHT'ED, able to see far but not close at hand: sagacious.--_ns._ LONG'-SIGHT'EDNESS; LONG'-SLIP (_cricket_), a fielder some distance behind on the right of the batsman.--_adjs._ LONG'SOME, long and tedious; LONG'-SPUN, long-drawn, tedious; LONG'-ST[=A]'PLE, having a long fibre.--_n._ LONG'-STOP (_cricket_), one who stands behind the wicket-keeper and stops balls missed by him.--_v.i._ to field at long-stop.--_adj._ LONG'-SUFF'ERING, enduring long.--_n._ long endurance or patience.--_n._ LONG'-TAIL, an animal, esp. a dog, with uncut tail--also _adj._--_adjs._ LONG'-TONGUED, talkative, babbling; LONG'-VIS'AGED, having a long face, of rueful countenance; LONG'-WAIST'ED, having a long waist, long from the armpits to the hips; LONG'-WIND'ED, long-breathed: tedious.--_n._ LONG'-WIND'EDNESS.--_adv._ LONG'WISE, lengthwise.--LONG HOME, the grave; LONG TOM (see TOM).--A LONG FIGURE (_slang_), a high price or rate; BEFORE LONG, ERE LONG, soon; DRAW THE LONG-BOW, to exaggerate, to tell incredible stories; FOR LONG, for a considerable period of time; IN THE LONG-RUN (see RUN); MAKE A LONG ARM (_prov._), to help one's self liberally at table; THE LONG AND THE SHORT, the sum of the matter in a few words. [A.S. _lang_; Ger. _lang_, Ice. _langr_.]

LOO, l[=oo], _n._ a game at cards.--_v.t._ to beat in the game of loo:--_pr.p._ l[=oo]'ing; _pa.p._ l[=oo]ed.--_n._ LOO'-T[=A]'BLE, a table for loo. [Formerly _lanterloo_--Dut. _lanterlu_. Cf. Dut. _lanterfant_, an idler.]

LOOBY, l[=oo]b'i, _n._ a clumsy, clownish fellow.--_adv._ LOOB'ILY. [From root of _lob_.]

LOOF, l[=oo]f, _n._ the after-part of a ship's bow where the planks begin to curve in towards the cut-water. [Dut. _loef_, the weather-gauge, luff, orig. a paddle for steering; perh. conn. with _loof_, palm.]

LOOF, l[=oo]f, _n._ (Scot) the palm of the hand. [Ice. _lófi_.]

LOOFA. See LUFFA.

LOOK, l[=oo]k, _v.i._ to turn the eye toward so as to see; to direct the attention to: to watch: to seem: to face, as a house: (_B._) to expect.--_v.t._ to express by a look: to influence by look.--_n._ the act of looking or seeing: sight: air of the face: appearance.--_imp._ or _interj._ see: behold.--_ns._ LOOK'ER, one who looks; LOOK'ER-ON, one that looks on, a mere spectator; LOOK'ING, seeing: search or searching; LOOK'ING-FOR (_B._), expectation; LOOK'ING-GLASS, a glass which reflects the image of the person looking into it, a mirror; LOOK'OUT, a careful watching for: an elevated place from which to observe: one engaged in watching.--LOOK ABOUT, to be on the watch; LOOK AFTER, to attend to or take care of: (_B._) to expect; LOOK ALIVE (_coll._), to bestir one's self; LOOK DOWN ON, to treat with indifference, to despise; LOOK FOR, to search for, to expect; LOOK INTO, to inspect closely; LOOK ON, to regard, view, think; LOOK OUT, to watch: to select; LOOK OVER, to examine cursorily: to overlook or pass over anything; LOOK THROUGH, to penetrate with the eye or the understanding; LOOK TO, to take care of: to depend on; LOOK UP, to search for: (_coll._) to call upon, visit.--HAVE A LOOK IN (_slang_), to have a chance. [A.S. _lócian_, to look.]

LOOM, l[=oo]m, _n._ a machine in which yarn or thread is woven into a fabric, by the crossing of threads called _chain_ or _warp_, running lengthwise, with others called _weft_, _woof_, or _filling_; the handle of an oar, or the part within the rowlock.--_n._ JAC'QUARD-LOOM, a famous apparatus devised by Joseph Marie _Jacquard_ (1752-1834), invaluable in weaving the finer kinds of figured silk fabrics. [A.S. _gelóma_, a tool.]

LOOM, l[=oo]m, _v.i._ to appear above the horizon, or larger than the real size: to show large in darkness, &c.: to stand out prominently in the future.--_n._ LOOM'ING, a mirage. [O. Fr. _lumer_--L. _lumin[=a]re_.]

LOON, l[=oo]n, _n._ a low fellow: a rascal: (_Scot._) a lad. [Old Dut. _loen_, a stupid fellow, _lome_, slow.]

LOON, l[=oo]n, _n._ a genus of web-footed aquatic birds, the Divers, with short wings, and legs placed very far back--also LOOM.--_n._ LOON'ING, the cry of a loon, like the howl of a wolf, ominous of evil. [Ice. _lómr_, prob. influenced by _loon_, as above, from their awkward walk on land.]

LOOP, l[=oo]p, _n._ a doubling of a cord, chain, &c., through which another may pass: an ornamental doubling in fringes.--_v.t._ to fasten or ornament with loops.--_n.pl._ LOOP'ERS, the caterpillars of certain moths, which move by drawing up the hindpart of their body to the head.--_n._ LOOP'-LINE, a branch from a main line of railway, returning to it after making a detour. [Prob. Celt.; Gael. _lub_, a bend.]

LOOP, l[=oo]p, LOOPHOLE, l[=oo]p'h[=o]l, _n._ a small hole in a wall, &c., through which small-arms may be fired: a means of escape.--_adjs._ LOOPED (_Shak._), full of small openings; LOOP'HOLED.--_n._ LOOP'-LIGHT, a small narrow window. [O. Fr. _loup_.]

LOORD, l[=oo]rd, _n._ (_Spens._) a lout. [Fr. _lourd_, heavy.]

LOOS, l[=oo]s, _n._ (_Spens._) praise. [L. _laus_, praise.]

LOOSE, l[=oo]s, _adj._ slack, free: unbound: not confined: not compact: indefinite: vague: not strict: unrestrained: lax in principle: licentious: inattentive.--_adj._ LOOSE'-BOD'IED, flowing.--_n._ LOOSE'-KIR'TLE, a wanton.--_adv._ LOOSE'LY.--_ns._ LOOS'ENER, a laxative; LOOSE'NESS, the state of being loose: diarrhoea.--LOOSE BOX, a part of a stable where horses are kept untied.--BREAK LOOSE, to escape from confinement; GIVE A LOOSE TO, to give free vent to; LET LOOSE, to set at liberty. [A.S. _leás_, loose; from the same root as _loose_ (_v.t._) and _lose_, seen also in Goth. _laus_, Ger. _los_; more prob. due to Ice. _lauss_.]

LOOSE, l[=oo]s, _v.t._ to free from any fastening: to release: to relax: (_Spens._) to solve.--_v.i._ (_B._) to set sail.--_v.t._ LOOS'EN, to make loose: to relax anything tied or rigid: to make less dense; to open, as the bowels.--_v.i._ to become loose: to become less tight. [A.S. _lósian_; Ger. _lösen_, Goth. _lausjan_, to loose.]

LOOSESTRIFE, l[=oo]s'str[=i]f, _n._ the popular name for a plant of the natural order _Lythraceæ_ (q.v.).

LOOT, l[=oo]t, _n._ act of plundering, esp. in a conquered city: plunder.--_v.t._ or _v.i._ to plunder, ransack. [Hindi _l[=u]t_--Sans. _lotra_, _loptra_, stolen goods.]

LOP, lop, _v.i._ to hang down loosely.--_adjs._ LOP'-EARED, having ears which hang downwards; LOP'SIDED, heavier on one side than the other, as a ship.

LOP, lop, _v.t._ to cut off the top or ends of, esp. of a tree: to curtail by cutting away superfluous parts:--_pr.p._ lop'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ lopped.--_n._ twigs of trees cut off--_ns._ LOP'PER; LOP'PING, a cutting off: that which is cut off. [Cf. Dut. _lubben_, to cut; perh. conn. with _leaf_.]

LOPE, l[=o]p, _v.i._ to leap: to run with a long stride.

LOPHOBRANCH, l[=o]'f[=o]-brangk, _adj._ having tufted gills.--Also LOPHOBRAN'CHIATE. [Gr. _lophos_, a crest, _brachia_, gills.]

LOQUACIOUS, lo-kw[=a]'shus, _adj._ talkative.--_adv._ LOQU[=A]'CIOUSLY.--_ns._ LOQU[=A]'CIOUSNESS, LOQUAC'ITY, talkativeness. [L. _loquax_, _-acis_--_loqui_, to speak.]

LOQUAT, l[=o]'kwat, _n._ an esteemed Chinese and Japanese fruit, yellowish, flavouring tarts. [Chinese.]

LORATE, l[=o]r'[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) resembling a thong or strap. [L. _loratus_--_lorum_, a thong.]

LORCHA, lor'cha, _n._ a light vessel of European build, but rigged like a Chinese junk.

LORD, lawrd, _n._ a master: a superior: a husband: a ruler: the proprietor of a manor: a baron: a peer of the realm: the son of a duke or marquis, or the eldest son of an earl: a bishop, esp. if a member of parliament: (_B._) the Supreme Being, Jehovah (when printed in capitals): a name also applied to Christ.--_v.t._ to raise to the peerage.--_v.i._ to act the lord: to tyrannise.--_ns._ LORD'LINESS; LORD'LING, a little lord: a would-be lord--also LORD'ING, LORD'KIN.--_adj._ LORD'LY, like, becoming, or pertaining to a lord: dignified: haughty: tyrannical--also _adv._--_ns._ LORDOL'ATRY, excessive worship of nobility; LORDS'-AND-L[=A]'DIES, a popular name for the common arum (q.v.); LORD'S'-DAY, the first day of the week; LORD'SHIP, state or condition of being a lord: the territory belonging to a lord: dominion: authority; LORD'S'-SUP'PER, the sacrament of the communion, instituted at our Lord's last supper.--LORD-LIEUTENANT OF A COUNTY (see LIEUTENANT); LORD-LIEUTENANT OF IRELAND, a viceroy or deputy of the sovereign to whom the government of Ireland is nominally committed; LORD OF MISRULE (see MISRULE); LORDS OF SESSION, the judges of the Scotch Court of Session; LORDS ORDINARY, the five judges forming the outer house of the Court of Session; LORDS SPIRITUAL, the archbishops and bishops in the House of Lords--opp. to LORDS TEMPORAL, the peers proper.--HOUSE OF LORDS, the upper house in the two branches of the British parliament, consisting of the lords spiritual and temporal. [M. E. _loverd_, _laverd_--A.S. _hláford_--_hláf_, a loaf, bread, _weard_, warder.]

LORDOSIS, lor-d[=o]'sis, _n._ abnormal curvature of the spinal column, the convexity towards the front.

LORE, l[=o]r, _n._ that which is learned: doctrine: learning.--_n._ LOR'ING (_Spens._), learning. [A.S. _lár_.]

LORE, l[=o]r, _n._ (_Spens._) something like a thong: (_ornith._) the side of the head between the eye and the base of the upper mandible.

LOREL, lor'el, _n._ (_Spens._) an idle fellow. [_Losel_.]

LORETTE, l[=o]-ret', _n._ a showy strumpet. [Fr.]

LORGNETTE, l[=o]r-nyet', _n._ an opera-glass.--_n._ LOR'GNON, an eye-glass with a handle. [Fr.]

LORICA, lo-r[=i]'ka, _n._ in ancient Rome, a cuirass made of thongs--also LOR'IC (_Browning_).--_v.t._ LOR'IC[=A]TE, to furnish with a coat-of-mail: to plate or coat over.--_adj._ covered with defensive armour: imbricated.--_n._ LORIC[=A]'TION, a coating or crusting over, as with plates of mail. [L.,--_lorum_, a thong.]

LORIKEET, lor-i-k[=e]t', _n._ a small parrot, a kind of lory.

LORIMER, lor'i-m[.e]r, _n._ a maker of horse-furniture.--Also LOR'INER. [Fr. _lormier_--L. _lorum_, a thong.]

LORIOT, l[=o]'ri-ut, _n._ the oriole. [Fr. _le_, the, _oriol_--L. _aureolus_, dim. of _aureus_, golden--_aurum_, gold.]

LORIS, l[=o]'ris, _n._ the slender lemur of Ceylon.

LORN, lorn, _adj._ (_Spens._) lost, forsaken. [A.S. _loren_, pa.p. of _leósan_, to lose.]

LORRY, lor'i, _n._ a four-wheeled wagon without sides. [Perh. from prov. Eng. _lurry_, to pull.]

LORY, l[=o]'ri, _n._ a common name for the members of a family of Australian parrots. [Malay.]

LOSE, l[=oo]z, _v.t._ to be deprived of: to cease to have: to mislay: to waste, as time: to miss: to bewilder: to cause to perish: to ruin.--_v.i._ to fail, to be unsuccessful: to suffer waste:--_pr.p._ los'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ lost.--_adj._ LOS'ABLE.--_n._ LOS'ER.--_adj._ LOS'ING, causing loss.--_adv._ LOS'INGLY.--_n._ LOSS, the act of losing: injury: destruction: defeat: that which is lost: waste.--_adj._ LOST, parted with: no longer possessed: missing: thrown away: squandered: ruined.--LOSE ONE'S SELF, to lose one's way, to become bewildered; LOST TO, insensible to; LOST TRIBES, the tribes of Israel which never returned from captivity.--AT A LOSS, in uncertainty. [A.S. _losian_--_leósan_; cog. with Ger. _ver-lieren_, to lose.]

LOSEL, l[=o]'zel, _n._ a sorry, worthless fellow: a scamp.--_adj._ slothful: wasteful--_n._ L[=O]'SELISM, worthlessness, worthless fellows collectively. [Prob. _lose_.]

LÖSS. See LOESS.

LOT, lot, _n._ one's fate in the future: destiny: that which falls to any one as his fortune: that which decides by chance: a separate portion.--_v.t._ to allot: to separate into lots: to catalogue:--_pr.p._ lot'ting; _pa.p._ lot'ted.--CAST, or DRAW, lots, to determine an event by some arrangement of chances. [A.S. _hlot_, _hlýt_, a lot--_hleótan_, to cast lots.]

LOTAH, l[=o]'ta, _n._ a Hindu small brass or copper pot.

LOTE. See LOTUS.

LOTH, l[=o]th, _adj._ Same as LOATHFUL, LOATHLY.

LOTHARIO, l[=o]-th[=a]'ri-[=o], _n._ a libertine, rake. [From _Lothario_, in Rowe's play, _The Fair Penitent_.]

LOTION, l[=o]'shun, _n._ a liquid preparation for healing or cleansing any diseased or bruised part. [Fr.,--L.,--_lav[=a]re lotum_, to wash.]

LOTTERY, lot'[.e]r-i, _n._ a distribution of prizes by lot or chance: a game of chance.

LOTTO, lot'[=o], _n._ a game played with numbered discs and cards.--Also LOT'O. [It.]

LOTUS, l[=o]'tus, _n._ the water-lily of Egypt: a tree in North Africa, whose fruit made strangers forget their home: a genus of leguminous plants--also LOTE, L[=O]'TOS.--_ns.pl._ LOT[=O]'PHAGI, L[=O]'TUS-EAT'ERS, a people who ate the fruit of the lotus, among whom Ulysses lived for a time.--_ns._ L[=O]'TUS-EAT'ER, an eater of the lotus: one given up to sloth; L[=O]'TUS-LAND, the country of the lotus-eaters. [Gr.]

LOUD, lowd, _adj._ making a great sound: noisy: showy.--_advs._ LOUD, LOUD'LY.--_adj._ LOUD'-LUNGED, vociferous.--_n._ LOUD'NESS.--_adj._ LOUD'-VOICED, stentorian. [A.S, _hlúd_; Ger. _laut_, sound; L. _inclytus_, renowned, Gr. _klytos_, heard.]

LOUGH, loh, _n._ the Irish form of _loch_.

LOUIS, l[=oo]'i, _n._ a French gold coin superseded in 1795 by the 20-franc piece--also LOU'IS-D'OR.--_adjs._ LOU'IS-QUATORZE', characteristic of the reign of LOUIS XIV. (1643-1715), in architecture and decoration; LOU'IS-QUINZE, of that of Louis XV. (1715-74); LOU'IS-SEIZE, of that of Louis XVI. (1774-92); LOU'IS-TREIZE, of that of Louis XIII. (1610-43).

LOUNDER, lown'd[.e]r, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to beat.--_n._ a heavy blow.--_n._ LOUN'DERING, a beating.

LOUNGE, lownj, _v.i._ to recline at one's ease: to move about listlessly.--_n._ the act or state of lounging: an idle stroll: a place for lounging: a kind of sofa.--_n._ LOUNG'ER. [Fr. _longis_, one that is long in doing anything, formed (but with a pun on L. _longus_, long) from L. _Longius_ or _Longinus_, the legendary name of the centurion who pierced the body of Christ.]

LOUP, l[=oo]p, _n._ (_Spens._) loop.

LOUP, lowp, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to leap.--_ns._ LOUP'ING-ILL, a disease causing sheep to spring up in walking; LOUP'ING-ON'-STANE, a stone from which to mount a horse; LOUP'-THE-DYKE', runaway.

LOUR, lowr, _v.i._ Same as _lower_, to frown.

LOUSE, lows, _n._ a common wingless parasitic insect, with a flat body, and short legs furnished with claws:--_pl._ LICE (l[=i]s).--_v.t._ (_obs._) to remove lice from.--_n._ LOUS'INESS.--_adj._ LOUS'Y, swarming with lice. [A.S. _lús_, pl. _lýs_; Ger. _laus_; from the root of Goth. _liusan_, to destroy.]

LOUT, lowt, _n._ a clown, awkward fellow.--_v.t._ to treat as a lout.--_v.i._ to bend.--_adj._ LOUT'ISH, clownish: awkward and clumsy.--_adv._ LOUT'ISHLY.--_n._ LOUT'ISHNESS. [A.S. _lútan_, to stoop.]

LOUVRE, LOUVER, l[=oo]'v[.e]r, _n._ an opening of a turret shape on roofs, to allow the smoke or foul air to escape from halls, kitchens, &c.--_n._ LOU'VRE-WIN'DOW, an open window in a church tower, crossed by a series of sloping boards. [O. Fr. _louvert_ for _l'ouvert_, the open space.]

LOVAGE, luv'[=a]j, _n._ a genus of plants of the natural order _Umbelliferæ_, allied to Angelica, used as a salad plant: a liquor made from the above. [O. Fr. _luvesche_--L. _ligusticum_, belonging to Liguria.]

LOVE, luv, _n._ fondness: an affection of the mind caused by that which delights: pre-eminent kindness: benevolence: reverential regard: devoted attachment to one of the opposite sex: the object of affection: the god of love, Cupid: (_Shak._) a kindness, a favour done: nothing, in billiards, tennis, and some other games.--_v.t._ to be fond of: to regard with affection: to delight in with exclusive affection: to regard with benevolence.--_v.i._ to have the feeling of love.--_adj._ LOV'ABLE, worthy of love: amiable.--_ns._ LOVE'-APP'LE, the fruit of the tomato; LOVE'BIRD, a genus of small birds of the parrot tribe, so called from their attachment to each other; LOVE'-BROK'ER (_Shak._), a third person who carries messages and makes assignations between lovers; LOVE'-CHARM, a philtre; LOVE'-CHILD, a bastard; LOVE'-DAY (_Shak._), a day for settling disputes; LOVE'-F[=A]'VOUR, something given to be worn in token of love; LOVE'-FEAST, a religious feast held periodically by certain sects of Christians in imitation of the love-feasts celebrated by the early Christians in connection with the Lord's-supper; LOVE'-FEAT, the gallant act of a lover; LOVE'-IN-[=I]'DLENESS, the heart's-ease; LOVE'-JUICE, a concoction used to excite love; LOVE'-KNOT, an intricate knot, used as a token of love.--_adj._ LOVE'LESS, without love, tenderness, or kindness.--_ns._ LOVE'-LETT'ER, a letter of courtship; LOVE'-LIES-BLEED'ING, a species of the plant Amaranthus; LOVE'LINESS; LOVE'LOCK, a lock of hair hanging at the ear, worn by men of fashion in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I.--_adj._ LOVE'LORN, forsaken by one's love.--_n._ LOVE'LORNNESS.--_adj._ LOVE'LY, exciting love or admiration: amiable: pleasing: delightful.--_adv._ beautifully, delightfully.--_ns._ LOVE'-MATCH, a marriage for love, not money; LOVE'-MONG'[.E]R, one who deals in affairs of love; LOVE'-P[=O]'TION, a philtre; LOV'ER, one who loves, esp. one in love with person of the opposite sex, in the singular almost exclusively of the man: one who is fond of anything: (_B._) a friend.--_adjs._ LOV'ERED (_Shak._), having a lover; LOV'ERLY, like a lover.--_n._ LOVE'-SHAFT, a dart of love from Cupid's bow.--_adjs._ LOVE'-SICK, languishing with amorous desire; LOVE'SOME, lovely.--_ns._ LOVE'-SUIT (_Shak._), courtship; LOVE'-T[=O]'KEN, a gift in evidence of love.--_adj._ LOV'ING, having love or kindness: affectionate: fond: expressing love.--_ns._ LOV'ING-CUP (see under CUP); LOV'ING-KIND'NESS, kindness full of love: tender regard: mercy: favour.--_adv._ LOV'INGLY.--_n._ LOV'INGNESS.--FOR LOVE OR MONEY, in some way or another; IN LOVE, enamoured; MAKE LOVE TO, to try to gain the affections of; PLAY FOR LOVE, to play without stakes; THERE'S NO LOVE LOST BETWEEN THEM, they have no regard for each other. [A.S. _lufu_, love; Ger. _liebe_; cf. L. _libet_, _lubet_.]

LOVELACE, luv'l[=a]s, _n._ a well-mannered libertine. [From _Lovelace_, the hero of _Clarissa Harlowe_.]

LOVER, an obsolete form of _louvre_.

LOW, l[=o], _v.i._ to make the loud noise of oxen: to bellow.--_n._ the bellow of oxen.--_n._ LOW'ING, the bellowing of cattle. [A.S. _hlówan_; Dut. _loeijen_; imit.]

LOW, l[=o], _adj._ (_comp._ LOW'ER; _superl._ LOW'EST) lying in an inferior place or position: not high: deep: shallow: small: moderate: cheap: dejected: mean: plain: in poor circumstances: humble.--_adv._ not aloft: cheaply: meanly: in subjection, poverty, or disgrace: in times near our own: not loudly: (_astron._) near the equator.--_adj._ LOW'-BORN, of mean birth.--_ns._ LOW'-CHURCH, a party within the Church of England minimising sacerdotal claims, ecclesiastical constitutions, ordinances, and forms, holding evangelical views of theology:--opp. to _High-church_; LOW'-CHURCH'ISM; LOW'-CHURCH'MAN.--_v.t._ LOW'ER, to bring low: to depress: to degrade: to diminish.--_v.i._ to fall: to sink: to grow less.--_adjs._ LOW'ER-CASE (_print._), kept in a lower case, denoting small letters as distinguished from capitals; LOW'ER-CLASS, pertaining to persons of the humbler ranks.--_n._ LOW'ERING, the act of bringing low or reducing.--_adj._ letting down: sinking: degrading.--_adj._ LOW'ERMOST, lowest.--_ns._ LOW'LAND, land low with respect to higher land; LOW'LANDER, a native of lowlands; LOW'-LIFE, humble life; LOW'LIHEAD, LOW'LIHOOD, a lowly or humble state; LOW'LINESS.--_adjs._ LOW'-LIVED, vulgar: shabby; LOW'LY, of a low or humble mind: not high: meek: modest; LOW'-MIND'ED, moved by base or gross motives: vulgar; LOW'-NECKED, cut low in the neck and away from the shoulders, décolleté.--_n._ LOW'NESS.--_adjs._ LOW'-PRESS'URE, employing or exerting a low degree of pressure (viz. less than 50 lb. to the sq. inch), said of steam and steam-engines; LOW'-SPIR'ITED, having the spirits low or cast down: not lively: sad.--_n._ LOW'-SPIR'ITEDNESS.--_adj._ LOW'-THOUGHT'ED, having the thoughts directed to low pursuits.--_n._ LOW'-WA'TER, the lowest point of the tide at ebb.--LOW LATIN, a term often applied loosely to the Latin spoken and written after the fall of the Roman Empire, as well as during the Middle Ages; LOW SUNDAY, the first Sunday after Easter, so called in contrast to the great festival whose octave it ends; LOW WINES, the weak spirit produced from the first distillation of substances containing alcohol.--LIE LOW, to keep quiet or hidden. [Ice. _lágr_, Dut. _laag_, low; allied to A.S. _licgan_, to lie.]

LOW, low, _n._ (_Scot._) a flame.--_v.i._ to blaze.--_n._ LOW'-BELL, a bell used in fowling by night, in connection with a light, to frighten birds into a net. [Ice. _logi_; cf. Dan. _lue_, Ger. _lohe_.]

LOWER, low'[.e]r, _v.i._ to appear gloomy, as the clouds: to threaten a storm: to frown.--_adjs._ LOU'RY, LOW'ERY, cloudy; LOW'ERING, looking sullen: appearing dark and threatening.--_adv._ LOW'ERINGLY. [M. E. _louren_, from M. E. _lure_, _lere_, the cheek, allied to A.S. _hleór_, and thus a variant of _leer_.]

LOWN, lown, _n._ a variant of _loon_.

LOWN, lown, _adj._ (_Scot._) sheltered, tranquil.

LOXIA, lok'si-a, _n._ wryneck. [Gr.]

LOXODROMIC, lok-so-drom'ik, _adj._ pertaining to certain lines on the surface of a sphere which cut all meridians at the same angle, and indicate the course held by ships in rhumb sailing.--LOXODROMIC CURVE, line, or spiral, the course of a ship oblique to the equator and cutting all the meridians at the same angle, sailing constantly toward the same point of the compass.--LOXODROMICS, the art of such oblique sailing. [Gr. _loxos_, oblique, _dromos_, a course.]

LOYAL, loi'al, _adj._ faithful to one's sovereign: obedient: true to a lover.--_n._ LOY'ALIST, a loyal adherent of his sovereign, esp. in English history, a partisan of the Stuarts: in the American war, one that sided with the British troops.--_adv._ LOY'ALLY.--_n._ LOY'ALTY. [Fr.,--L. _legalis_--_lex_, _legis_, law.]

LOZENGE, loz'enj, _n._ an oblique-angled parallelogram or a rhombus: a small cake of flavoured sugar, originally lozenge or diamond shaped: (_her._) the rhomb-shaped figure in which the arms of maids, widows, and deceased persons are borne.--_adjs._ LOZ'ENGED, formed in the shape of a lozenge; LOZ'ENGE-SHAPED, shaped like a lozenge or rhomb; LOZ'ENGY (_her._), divided into lozenge-shaped compartments. [O. Fr. _losange_, flattery, whence its use for an epitaph, square slab, window-pane.]

LUBBER, lub'[.e]r, LUBBARD, lub'ard, _n._ an awkward, clumsy fellow: a lazy, sturdy fellow.--_adj._ LUBB'ARD, lubberly.--_adj._ and _adv._ LUBB'ERLY.--_n._ LUBB'ER'S-HOLE (_naut._), a hole between the head of the lower mast and the edge of the top through which 'lubbers' may climb, instead of going round the futtock shroud. [W. _llob_, a dolt, _llabbi_, a stripling.]

LUBRICATE, l[=u]'bri-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to make smooth or slippery: to supply with oil to overcome friction.--_adjs._ L[=U]'BRIC, -AL, L[=U]'BRICOUS, slippery: lewd.--_ns._ L[=U]'BRICANT; LUBRIC[=A]'TION.--_adj._ L[=U]'BRICATIVE.--_ns._ L[=U]'BRICATOR; LUBRICITY (l[=u]-bris'i-ti), slipperiness: smoothness: instability: lewdness; LUBRIFAC'TION. [L. _lubric[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_lubricus_, slippery.]

LUCARNE, l[=u]'kärn, _n._ a dormer-window, esp. in a church spire. [Fr.,--L. _lucerna_, a lamp.]

LUCE, l[=u]s, _n._ a fresh-water fish, the pike. [O. Fr. _lus_--Low L. _lucius_.]

LUCENT, l[=u]'sent, _adj._ shining: bright.--_n._ L[=U]'CENCY, brightness.--_adj._ LUCER'NAL, pertaining to a lamp. [L. _lucens_--_luc[=e]re_, to shine--_lux_, _lucis_, light.]

LUCERNE, l[=u]'s[.e]rn, _n._ a species of Medick, a valuable forage-plant. [Fr. _luzerne_.]

LUCID, l[=u]'sid, _adj._ shining: transparent: easily understood: intellectually bright: not darkened with madness.--_ns._ LUCID'ITY, L[=U]'CIDNESS.--_adv._ L[=U]'CIDLY.--_ns._ LUC'IFER, the planet Venus when it appears as the morning-star: Satan: a match of wood tipped with a combustible substance ignited by friction.--_adjs._ LUCIF[=E]'RIAN, LUCIF'EROUS, of or pertaining to _Lucifer_: bearing light: affording means of discovery; LUCIF'UGAL, LUCIF'UGOUS, shunning light.--_n._ LUCIM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the intensity and duration of sunshine in promoting evaporation. [L.,--_lux_, _lucis_, light.]

LUCIGEN, l[=u]'si-jen, _n._ one of the most powerful artificial lamps, and specially adapted for lighting large spaces, whether open or covered. [L. _lux_, _lucis_, light, and root of _gign[)e]re_, to beget.]

LUCINA, l[=u]'s[=i]-na, _n._ a name applied both to Diana and to Juno--to the latter as the especial divinity that presides over childbirth. [L.,--_lux_, light.]

LUCK, luk, _n._ fortune, good or bad: chance: lot: good fortune.--_adv._ LUCK'ILY.--_n._ LUCK'INESS.--_adj._ LUCK'LESS, without good luck: unhappy.--_adv._ LUCK'LESSLY.--_ns._ LUCK'LESSNESS; LUCK'-PENN'Y, a trifle returned for luck by a seller to a buyer: a coin carried for luck.--_adj._ LUCK'Y, having good luck: auspicious.--_n._ LUCK'Y-BAG, a receptacle for lost property on board a man-of-war.--BE DOWN ON ONE'S LUCK, to be unfortunate. [From a Low Ger. root, seen in Dut. _luk_; cf. Ger. _glück_, prosperity.]

LUCKY, LUCKIE, luk'i, _n._ (_Scot._) an elderly woman.

LUCKY, luk'i, _n._ (_slang_) departure.--CUT ONE'S LUCKY, to bolt.

LUCRE, l[=u]'k[.e]r, _n._ gain (esp. sordid gain): profit: advantage.--_adj._ L[=U]'CRATIVE, bringing lucre or gain: profitable.--_adv._ L[=U]'CRATIVELY. [Fr.,--L. _lucrum_, gain.]

LUCTATION, luk-t[=a]'shun, _n._ struggle. [L.,--_luct[=a]ri_.]

LUCUBRATE, l[=u]'k[=u]-br[=a]t, _v.i._ to study by lamplight or at night.--_n._ LUCUBR[=A]'TION, a product of close study or thought, any composition produced in retirement.--_adj._ L[=U]'CUBR[=A]TORY, composed by candle-light. [L. _lucubr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_lux._]

LUCULENT, l[=u]'k[=u]-lent, _adj._ lucid: clear: transparent: evident.--_adv._ L[=U]'CULENTLY. [L. _luculentus_--_lux_.]

LUCUMO, l[=u]'k[=u]-m[=o], _n._ an appellation of the Etruscan princes and priests. [L.]

LUD, _n._ a minced form of _lord_.

LUDICROUS, l[=u]'di-krus, _adj._ that serves for sport: adapted to excite laughter: laughable: comic.--_adv._ L[=U]'DICROUSLY.--_n._ L[=U]'DICROUSNESS. [L. _ludicrus_--_lud[)e]re_, to play.]

LUE, l[=u], _v.t._ to sift.

LUES, l[=u]'[=e]z, _n._ a plague.--_adj._ LUET'IC. [L.]

LUFF, luf, _n._ the windward side of a ship: the act of sailing a ship close to the wind: the loof.--_v.t._ to turn a ship towards the wind. [M. E. _lof_, a paddle; cf. Scot. _loof_, Dut. _loef_.]

LUFFA, luf'a, _n._ a genus of climbing herbs of the gourd family, whose seeds are contained in a fibrous network removed entire by soaking, &c., and used as a flesh-brush.--Also LOOF'A, &c. [Ar.]

LUG, lug, _v.t._ to pull along: to drag: to pull with difficulty:--_pr.p._ lug'ging; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ lugged.--_ns._ LUG'GAGE, the trunks and other baggage of a traveller; LUG'GAGE-VAN, a wagon for baggage; LUG'GER, a small vessel with two or three masts, a running bowsprit, and long or lug sails; LUG'SAIL, LUG, a square sail bent upon a yard that hangs obliquely to the mast.--LUG IN, to introduce without any apparent connection. [Scand., Sw. _lugga_, to pull by the hair--_lugg_, the forelock; from a base _luk_, to pull, present in Scot. _lug_, the ear.]

LUG, lug, _n._ (_Spens._) a perch or rod of land.

LUG, lug, _n._ (_Scot._) the ear.--_adj._ LUGGED, having ears.--_n._ LUG'GIE, a small vessel with ears.

LUGUBRIOUS, l[=u]-g[=u]'bri-us, _adj._ mournful: dismal.--_adv._ LUG[=U]'BRIOUSLY. [L. _lugubris_--_lug[=e]re_, to mourn.]

LUGWORM, lug'wurm, _n._ a sluggish worm found in the sand on the sea-shore, much used for bait by fishermen.--Also _Lobworm_.

LUKEWARM, l[=u]k'wawrm, _adj._ partially or moderately warm: indifferent--also LUKE.--_adv._ LUKE'WARMLY.--_ns._ LUKE'WARMNESS, LUKE'WARMTH. [M. E. _leuk_, _luke_, an extension of _lew_, cog. with the A.S. _hleó_, the source of _lee_; prob. confused with A.S. _wlæc_, _wlacu_, tepid; cf. Dut. _leuk_, Ger. _lau_.]

LULL, lul, _v.t._ to soothe: to compose: to quiet.--_v.i._ to become calm: to subside.--_n._ a season of calm.--_n._ LULL'ABY, a song to lull children to sleep, a cradle-song.--_v.t._ to lull to sleep. [Scand., as in Sw. _lulla_; imit. like Ger. _lallen_, Gr. _lalein_.]

LUM, lum, _n._ (_Scot._) a chimney. [W. _llumon_.]

LUMBAGO, lum-b[=a]'g[=o], _n._ a rheumatic affection of the muscles or fibrous tissues in the lumbar region.--_adjs._ LUMBAG'INOUS; LUM'BAR, LUM'BAL, pertaining to, or near, the loins. [L.,--_lumbus_, loin.]

LUMBER, lum'b[.e]r, _n._ anything cumbersome or useless: timber sawed or split for use.--_v.t._ to fill with lumber: to heap together in confusion.--_n._ LUM'BERER, one employed in felling timber and bringing it from the forest.--_adj._ LUM'BERING, filling with lumber: putting in confusion.--_n._ LUM'BER-ROOM, a room for holding things not in use. [Fr. _Lombard_--Ger. _Langbart_; the _lumber_-room being orig. the _Lombard_-room or place where the Lombards, the medieval bankers and pawnbrokers, stored their pledges.]

LUMBER, lum'b[.e]r, _v.i._ to move heavily. [Scand.; prov. Sw. _lomra_, to resound, Ice. _hljómr_, a sound.]

LUMBRICAL, lum'brik-al, _adj._ (_anat._) worm-like.--_adj._ LUMBRIC'IFORM. [L. _lumbricus_, a worm.]

LUMINARY, l[=u]'min-ar-i, _n._ any body which gives light, esp. one of the heavenly bodies: one who illustrates any subject or instructs mankind.--_adj._ L[=U]'MINANT, emitting light.--_n._ an illuminating agent.--_n._ LUMIN[=A]'TION, a lighting up.--_v.t._ L[=U]'MINE (_Spens._), to illumine.--_adjs._ LUMINIF'EROUS, transmitting light; L[=U]'MINOUS, giving light: shining: illuminated: clear: lucid.--_adv._ L[=U]'MINOUSLY.--_ns._ L[=U]'MINOUSNESS, LUMINOS'ITY.--LUMINOUS PAINT, a phosphorescent powder, such as sulphide or oxysulphide of calcium, ground up with a colourless varnish or other medium, and used as a paint. [L. _lumen_, _luminis_, light--_luc[=e]re_, to shine.]

LUMMY, lum'i, _adj._ (_slang_) knowing, cute.

LUMP, lump, _n._ a small shapeless mass: a protuberance: swelling: the whole together: the gross.--_v.t._ to throw into a confused mass: to take in the gross.--_ns._ LUMP'ER, a labourer employed in the lading or unlading of ships: (_prov._) a militiaman; LUMP'FISH, a clumsy sea-fish with a short, deep, and thick body and head, and a ridge on its back, also called LUMP'SUCKER, from the power of its sucker.--_adjs._ LUMP'ING, in a lump: heavy: bulky; LUMP'ISH, like a lump: heavy: gross: dull.--_adv._ LUMP'ISHLY.--_ns._ LUMP'ISHNESS; LUMP'-SUG'AR, loaf-sugar in small pieces.--_adj._ LUMP'Y, full of lumps.--IN THE LUMP, in gross. [Scand., Norw. _lump_, a block; Dut. _lomp_.]

LUNAR, l[=u]'nar, _adj._ belonging to the moon: measured by the revolutions of the moon: caused by the moon: like the moon--also L[=U]'NARY.--_ns._ L[=U]'NACY, a kind of madness formerly supposed to be affected by the moon: insanity; LUN[=A]'RIAN, L[=U]'NARIST, a student of lunar phenomena; L[=U]'NARY, the moonwort fern.--_adjs._ L[=U]'N[=A]TE, -D, formed like a half-moon: crescent-shaped; L[=U]'NATIC, affected with lunacy.--_n._ a person so affected: a madman (_De lunatico inquirendo_, the title of the writ or commission for inquiry into the mental state of an alleged lunatic).--_n._ LUN[=A]'TION, the time between two revolutions of the moon: a lunar month.--_adjs._ L[=U]'NIFORM, moon-shaped; L[=U]'NISOLAR, resulting from the united action of the sun and moon: compounded of the revolution of the sun and the moon.--_n._ L[=U]'NULA, a crescent-like appearance, esp. the whitish area at the base of the nails.--_adjs._ L[=U]'NULATE, -D (_bot._), shaped like a small crescent.--_ns._ L[=U]'NULE, L[=U]'NULET, anything in form like a small crescent; L[=U]'NULITE, a small circular fossil coral.--LUNAR CAUSTIC, fused crystals of nitrate of silver, applied to ulcers, &c.; LUNAR CYCLE=METONIC CYCLE (q.v.); LUNAR MONTH (see MONTH); LUNAR OBSERVATION, an observation of the moon's distance from a star for the purpose of finding the longitude; LUNAR RAINBOW (see RAINBOW, under RAIN); LUNAR THEORY, a term employed to denote the _a priori_ deduction of the moon's motions from the principles of gravitation; LUNAR YEAR (see YEAR). [L. _lunaris_--_luna_, the moon--_luc[=e]re_, to shine.]

LUNCH, lunsh, _n._ a slight repast between breakfast and dinner--also LUNCH'EON.--_v.i._ to take lunch.--_n._ LUNCH'EON-BAR, a counter at a restaurant where luncheons are served. [_Lunch_, a contr. of _luncheon_, itself extended from _lunch_, a lump.]

LUNE, l[=u]n, _n._ anything in the shape of a half-moon: (_Shak._) a fit of lunacy.--_n._ LUNETTE', a little moon: (_fort._) a detached bastion: a hole in a concave ceiling to admit light: a watch-glass flattened more than usual in the centre: in the R.C. Church, a moon-shaped case of crystal used for receiving the consecrated host. [Fr. _lune_--L. _luna_.]

LUNG, lung, _n._ one of the organs of breathing--from its spongy texture.--_adjs._ LUNGED; LUNG'-GROWN, having an adhesion of the lung to the pleura.--_n._ LUNG'WORT, an herb with purple flowers and spotted leaves: a lichen on tree-trunks, used as a remedy for pulmonary diseases. [A.S. _lunge_, pl. _lungan_, the lungs; cog. with _light_ (adj.).]

LUNGE, lunj, _n._ a sudden thrust in fencing.--_v.i._ to give such.--_v.t._ to cause to plunge. [Fr. _allonger_, to lengthen--L. _ad_, to, _longus_, long.]

LUNIFORM, LUNISOLAR, LUNULATE. See LUNAR.

LUNT, lunt, _n._ a light, blaze.--_v.i._ (_Scot._) to burn, to smoke. [Dut. _lont_, a match; cf. Ger. _lunte_.]

LUPINE, l[=u]'p[=i]n, _adj._ like a wolf: wolfish.--_n._ a genus of leguminous plants.--_adj._ LUPAN[=A]'RIAN, bawdy.--_n._ LUPERC[=A]'LIA, a festival among the ancient Romans, held on the 15th of February, in honour of _Lupercus_ (Pan), god of fertility and patron of shepherds--(_Shak._) L[=U]'PERCAL. [L. _lupinus_--_lupus_, a wolf, _lupa_, a whore.]

LUPPA, lup'a, _n._ cloth having so much gold and silver thread as to look as if made entirely of metal.

LUPULUS, l[=u]'pu-lus, _n._ the common hop.--_n._ L[=U]'PULIN, the peculiar bitter aromatic principle of the hop.

LUPUS, l[=u]'pus, _n._ a chronic tuberculosis of the skin, often affecting the nose. [L. _lupus_, a wolf.]

LURCH, lurch, _n._ an ancient card-game: in cribbage, the position of the party who has gained every point before the other makes one.--_v.t._ to overreach: (_arch._) to steal.--LEAVE IN THE LURCH, to leave in a difficult situation without help. [O. Fr. _lourche_.]

LURCH, lurch, _v.i._ to evade by stooping, to lurk: to roll or pitch suddenly to one side (as a ship).--_n._ a sudden roll of a ship.--_n._ LURCH'ER, a name applied to any dog with a distinct cross of greyhound: one who lies in wait: a glutton. [_Lurk_.]

LURDAN, lur'dan, _adj._ (_arch._) stupid.--_n._ a stupid person.--Also LUR'DANE, LUR'DEN. [O. Fr. _lourdein_, dull--_lourd_, heavy.]

LURE, l[=u]r, _n._ any enticement: bait: decoy: (_Shak._) a stuffed bird used in falconry for training the hawk.--_v.t._ to entice: decoy. [O. Fr. _loerre_ (Fr. _leurre_)--Mid. High Ger. _luoder_ (Ger. _luder_), bait.]

LURE, l[=u]r, _n._ a trumpet with long curved tube, used for calling cattle, &c. [Ice. _lúdhr_.]

LURID, l[=u]'rid, _adj._ ghastly pale, wan: ghastly and sensational: gloomy.--_adv._ L[=U]'RIDLY. [L. _luridus_.]

LURK, lurk, _v.i._ to lie in wait: to be concealed.--_n._ a swindle.--_n._ LURK'ER.--_adj._ LURK'ING, lying hid: keeping out of sight.--_n._ LURK'ING-PLACE, a hiding-place. [Scand., Sw. prov. _luska_.]

LURRY, lur'i, _n._ (_Milt._) confusion.

LUSCIOUS, lush'us, _adj._ sweet in a great degree: delightful: fulsome, as flattery.--_adv._ LUSC'IOUSLY.--_n._ LUSC'IOUSNESS. [Old form lushious, from lusty.]

LUSH, lush, _adj._ rich and juicy, of grass. [A contr. of _lushious_, old form of _luscious_.]

LUSH, lush, _v.t._ to swill.--_n._ plentiful liquor.--_adj._ LUSH'Y, tipsy.

LUSIAD, l[=u]'si-ad, _n._ a Portuguese epic by Camoens, celebrating the chief events in the history of Portugal.--_adj._ LUSIT[=A]'NIAN, Portuguese. [Port. _Os Lusiadas_, the Lusitanians.]

LUSK, lusk, _adj._ (_obs._) lazy.--_v.i._ to lie about lazily.--_adj._ LUSK'ISH (_obs._).--_n._ LUSK'ISHNESS (_Spens._).

LUST, lust, _n._ longing desire: eagerness to possess: carnal appetite: (_B._) any violent or depraved desire.--_v.i._ to desire eagerly (with _after_, _for_): to have carnal desire: to have depraved desires.--_adjs._ LUST'-BREATHED (_Shak._), animated by lust; LUST'-D[=I]'ETED (_Shak._), pampered by lust.--_n._ LUST'ER.--_adj._ LUST'FUL, having lust: inciting to lust: sensual.--_adv._ LUST'FULLY.--_n._ LUST'FULNESS.--_adj._ LUST'IC (_Shak._), lusty, healthy, vigorous.--_ns._ LUST'IHEAD, LUST'IHOOD, LUST'INESS.--_adv._ LUST'ILY.--_adj._ LUST'LESS (_Spens._), listless, feeble.--_n._ LUST'WORT, the sundew.--_adj._ LUST'Y, vigorous: healthful: stout: bulky: (_Milt._) lustful. [A.S. _lust_, pleasure.]

LUSTRE, lus't[.e]r, _n._ brightness, gloss, splendour: (_fig._) renown: a candlestick ornamented with pendants of cut-glass: the characteristic appearance of a bright metallic surface, or of air within glass under water as seen under certain angles of total reflection: a dress material having a highly finished surface: a glaze applied to porcelain.--_adjs._ LUS'TRELESS, destitute of lustre; LUS'TROUS, bright: shining: luminous.--_adv._ LUS'TROUSLY. [Fr.,--Low L. _lustrum_, a window--L. _luc[=e]re_, to shine.]

LUSTRE, lus't[.e]r, LUSTRUM, lus'trum, _n._ a period of five years: (_orig._) the solemn offering for the purification of the Roman people made by one of the censors at the conclusion of the census, taken every five years.--_adj._ LUS'TRAL, relating to or used in lustration: of or pertaining to a lustre.--_n._ LUSTR[=A]'TION, a purification by sacrifice: act of purifying.--_adj._ LUS'TRICAL, pertaining to purification by lustration. [L. _lustrum_--_lu[)e]re_, to wash, to purify.]

LUSTRING, lus'tring, _n._ a glossy silk cloth.--Also LUS'TRINE, LUTE'STRING. [Fr. _lustrine_--It. _lustrino_.]

LUSTY. See LUST.

LUTE, l[=u]t, _n._ a medieval stringed instrument of music like the guitar.--_v.i._ to play on the lute.--_ns._ LUT'ANIST, LUT'ER, LUT'IST, a player on a lute; LUTE'STRING, the string of a lute. [O. Fr. _lut_ (Fr. _luth_); like Ger. _laute_, from Ar. _al_, the, _`úd_, wood, the lute.]

LUTE, l[=u]t, _n._ a composition used to exclude air, as round pipe-joints: a brickmaker's straight-edge scraper: a rubber packing-ring for a jar.--_v.t._ to close or coat with lute.--_adjs._ LUT[=A]'RIOUS, L[=U]'TEOUS, of or like mud.--_n._ LUT[=A]'TION.--_adj._ L[=U]'TOSE, miry. [L. _lutum_, from _lu[)e]re_, to wash.]

LUTEOLIN, l[=u]'t[=e]-[=o]-lin, _n._ the yellow colouring matter of weld or dyer's weed.--_adjs._ LUT[=E]'OLOUS, yellowish; L[=U]'TEOUS, golden-yellowish. [L. _lutum_, weld.]

LUTETIAN, l[=u]-t[=e]'shan, _adj._ Parisian. [L.]

LUTHERAN, l[=u]'th[.e]r-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Luther_, the great German Protestant reformer (1483-1546), or to his doctrines: a follower of Luther.--_ns._ LU'THERANISM, L[=U]'THERISM; L[=U]'THERIST.

LUXATE, luks'[=a]t, _v.t._ to put out of joint: to displace.--_n._ LUX[=A]'TION, a dislocation. [L. _lux[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_luxus_--Gr. _loxos_, slanting.]

LUXURY, luk's[=u]-ri, _n._ free indulgence in rich diet or costly dress or equipage: anything delightful: a dainty: (_Shak._) wantonness.--_ns._ LUX[=U]'RIANCE, LUX[=U]'RIANCY, LUXUR[=I]'ETY.--_adj._ LUX[=U]'RIANT, exuberant in growth: overabundant.--_adv._ LUX[=U]'RIANTLY.--_v.i._ LUX[=U]'RIATE, to be luxuriant: to grow exuberantly: to live luxuriously: to expatiate with delight.--_n._ LUXURI[=A]'TION, the act of luxuriating.--_adj._ LUX[=U]'RIOUS, given to luxury: administering to luxury: furnished with luxuries: softening by pleasure: (_Milt._) luxuriant: (_Shak._) lustful.--_adv._ LUX[=U]'RIOUSLY.--_ns._ LUX[=U]'RIOUSNESS; LUX'URIST, one given to luxury. [O. Fr. _luxurie_--L. _luxuria_, luxury--_luxus_, excess.]

LUZ, luz, _n._ a bone supposed by Rabbinical writers to be indestructible, probably the sacrum.

LUZULA, l[=u]'z[=u]-lä, _n._ a genus of plants of the rush family, having plain leaves, covered with thinly scattered, longish hairs. [Old It. _luzziola_, a firefly.]

LYAM, l[=i]'am, _n._ a leash.--Also LIME.

LYART. See LIARD.

LYCANTHROPY, l[=i]-kan'thro-pi, _n._ the power possessed by a person of changing himself into a wolf: a kind of madness, in which the patient fancies himself to be a wolf.--_ns._ LYCAN'THROPE, LYCAN'THROPIST, a wolf-man or were-wolf, one affected with lycanthropy.--_adjs._ LYCANTHROP'IC, LYCAN'THROPOUS. [Gr. _lykos_, a wolf, _anthr[=o]pos_, a man.]

LYCEUM, l[=i]-s[=e]'um, _n._ a place devoted to instruction by lectures: an association for literary improvement. [Orig. the name of a place in the immediate neighbourhood of Athens, consecrated to _Apollo Lyceios_, where Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, taught.]

LYCHGATE. Same as LICHGATE.

LYCHNIC, lik'nik, _n._ a part of the vespers of the Greek Church on the occasion of a vigil.--_n._ LYCHNAP'SIA, a series of seven prayers in the vespers of the Greek Church.--_adj._ LYCHNID'IATE, emitting light, phosphorescent.--_ns._ LYCH'NOBITE, one who works by night and sleeps by day; LYCH'NOMANCY, divination by means of lamps; LYCH'NOSCOPE, a small window-like opening in the south wall of a church. [Gr. _lychnos_, a light.]

LYCHNIS, lik'nis, _n._ a genus of erect ornamental herbs of the pink family--campions or wall-flowers. [L.]

LYCOPODIACEÆ, l[=i]-ko-p[=o]-di-[=a]'se-[=e], _n.pl._ a class of isoporous vascular cryptogams, having mostly a dichotomous form of branching--its typical genus LYCOP[=O]'DIUM.--_n._ LY'COPODE, a highly inflammable yellow powder made up of the spores of Lycopodium. [Gr. _lykos_, a wolf, _pous_, the foot.]

LYDDITE, lid'[=i]t, _n._ a powerful explosive made (at _Lydd_ in Kent) from picrate of potash.

LYDIAN, lid'i-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Lydia_ in Asia Minor: of an ancient Greek mode of music: (_mus._) soft and slow: luxurious and effeminate.

LYE, l[=i], _n._ a short side-branch of railway.

LYE, l[=i], _n._ a solution leached from ashes: a solution of the fixed alkalies, potash and soda, in water. [A.S. _leáh_; Ger. _lauge_; allied to _lav[=a]re_, to wash.]

LYENCEPHALOUS, l[=i]-en-sef'a-lus, _adj._ having the corpus callosum absent or rudimentary.

LYING, l[=i]'ing, _adj._ addicted to telling lies.--_n._ the habit of telling lies.--_adv._ LY'INGLY.

LYING, l[=i]'ing, _adj._ being in a horizontal position.--_n._ LY'ING-IN, the confinement of women during child-bearing--also _adj._

LYKE-WAKE, l[=i]k'-w[=a]k, _n._ Same as LICH-WAKE.

LYM, lim, _n._ (_Shak._) a lime-hound.--Also LYM'-HOUND.

LYME-GRASS, l[=i]m'-gras, _n._ any one of various coarse grasses of genus _Elymus_.

LYMPH, limf, _n._ water: a colourless or faintly-yellowish fluid in animal bodies, of a rather saltish taste, and with an alkaline reaction.--_n._ LYMPHANG[=I]'TIS (see WEED, 3).--_adj._ LYMPHAT'IC, pertaining to lymph.--_n._ a vessel which conveys the lymph.--_adjs._ LYMPH'Y, LYMPH'OID. [L. _lympha_.]

LYMPHAD, lim'fad, _n._ (_Scot._) a kind of sailing-vessel.

LYNCH, linsh, _v.t._ to judge and punish without the usual forms of law.--_n._ LYNCH'-LAW (_Amer._), a kind of summary justice exercised by the people. [From Charles _Lynch_ (1736-96) of Virginia.]

LYNX, lingks, _n._ a genus of _Felidæ_, with the body elevated at the haunches, long fur, a short tail, the ears tipped with tufts of hair.--_adjs._ LYNC[=E]'AN, LYNX'-EYED, sharp-sighted. [L.,--Gr.]

LYON COURT, l[=i]'un k[=o]rt, _n._ the court in Scotland with jurisdiction in questions of coat-armour and precedency--presided over by the LYON KING-OF-ARMS. [From the heraldic lion of Scotland.]

LYRE, l[=i]r, _n._ a musical instrument like the harp, anciently used as an accompaniment to poetry.--_n._ LY'RA, one of the northern constellations.--_adjs._ LY'RATE, -D (_bot._), lyre-shaped.--_ns._ LYRE'BIRD, an Australian bird about the size of a pheasant, having the 16 tail-feathers of the male arranged in the form of a lyre; LYRIC (lir'-), a lyric poem: (_obs._) a composer of lyric poetry.--_adjs._ LYRIC, -AL (lir'-), pertaining to the lyre: fitted to be sung to the lyre: written in stanzas: said of poetry which expresses the individual emotions of the poet: that composes lyrics.--_ns._ LYRICISM (lir'-), a lyrical expression or composition; LYR'ISM, the art of playing on the lyre; LYR'IST, a player on the lyre or harp. [Fr.,--L. _lyra_--Gr.]

LYSIMETER, l[=i]-sim'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the rate of percolation of rain through a soil.

LYSIS, l[=i]'sis, _n._ the gradual abatement of a disease, as distinguished from crisis: (_archit._) a plinth or step above the cornice of the podium in an ancient temple. [Gr.]

LYSSA, lis'a, _n._ hydrophobia. [Gr.]

LYTERIAN, l[=i]-t[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ terminating a disease. [Gr.]

LYTHE, l[=i]_th_, _adj._ (_Spens._) pliant, flexible. [_Lithe_.]

LYTTA, lit'a, _n._ a longitudinal vermiform cartilaginous or fibrous band on the under surface of the tongue in carnivores--the 'worm' of a dog's tongue. [Gr.]

* * * * *

M the thirteenth letter of the alphabet, belonging to the labio-nasal class of consonants. M=1000; [=M]=1,000,000.--M-ROOF, a roof formed by the junction of two common roofs, so that its end is like the letter M.

MA, mä, _n._ a childish contraction for _mamma_.

MA'AM, mäm, _n._ a colloquial contraction of madam--vulgarly MARM, MUM.

MAB, mab, _n._ the name of a female fairy: the queen of the fairies--hence any fairy. [W. _mab_, child.]

MAB, mab, _v.t._ and _v.i._ (_prov._) to dress untidily.

MABINOGION, mab-i-n[=o]'ji-on, _n._ a collection of four Arthurian romances, embodied in the 12th century, embraced with seven other prose tales in the _Red Book_, or _Hergest_, a Welsh MS. of the 14th century--the whole published and translated by Lady Charlotte Guest in 1838. [W., 'children's tales.']

MAC, mak, a prefix in Scotch names, meaning _son_ (of). [Gael. and Ir. _mac_, son; W. _map_, _mab_, also _ap_, _ab_.]

MACABERESQUE, ma-k[=a]-b[.e]r-esk', _adj._ pertaining to, or like, the Dance of Death. [Fr. _La Danse Macabre_, Low L. _Machabæorum chorea_, the dance of the Maccabees, prob. because the seven brothers whose martyrdom is recorded in the 7th chapter of the 2d Book of Maccabees played an important part in the earliest form of the 14th-cent. drama on the subject.]

MACADAMISE, mak-ad'am-[=i]z, _v.t._ to cover, as a road, with small broken stones, so as to form a smooth, hard surface.--_ns._ MACAD'AM, macadamised pavement; MACADAMIS[=A]'TION. [From John Loudon _Macadam_ (1756-1836).]

MACAQUE, ma-kak', _n._ a monkey of genus _Macacus_, between baboons and the African mangabeys.

MACARISE, mak'a-r[=i]z, _v.t._ to bless, pronounce happy.--_adj._ MAC[=A]'RIAN, blessed.--_n._ MAC'ARISM, a beatitude. [Gr. _makar_, happy.]

MACARONI, mak-a-r[=o]'ni, _n._ a kind of paste or dough prepared from the glutinous granular flour of hard varieties of wheat, pressed out through a perforated vessel into long tubes, and then dried: a medley: something fanciful and extravagant: a fool: a fop:--_pl._ MACAR[=O]'NIS, MACAR[=O]'NIES.--_n._ MACARON'IC, a confused heap, a medley: a macaronic poem.--_adjs._ MACARON'IC, MACAR[=O]'NIAN, like a macaroni, trifling, affected: of a kind of burlesque verse, consisting of modern words Latinised, or Latin words modernised, intermixed with genuine Latin words. [Old It. _maccaroni_--_maccare_, to crush.]

MACAROON, mak-a-r[=oo]n', _n._ a sweet biscuit made chiefly of almonds and sugar. [Fr.,--It. _maccaroni_ above.]

MACASSAR-OIL, ma-kas'ar-oil, _n._ an oil much used for the hair, imported from India and other Eastern countries. [From _Macassar_ in Celebes.]

MACAW, ma-kaw', _n._ a genus of large and beautiful birds with a long tail, found in tropical America, closely allied to the parrots. [Brazil. _macao._]

MACCABEAN, mak-a-b[=e]'an, _adj._ pertaining to Judas _Maccabeus_, or to the _Maccabees_, an ancient Jewish family who rescued Judea from the persecutions of Antiochus Epiphanes, king of Syria, about 166 B.C.--as related in two historical books of the Apocrypha.

MACE, m[=a]s, _n._ a staff used as a mark of authority: a light, flat-headed stick in use at billiards before the introduction of the bridge or cue-rest: formerly, a weapon of war, consisting of a staff headed with a heavy spiked ball of iron: a mallet used by a currier in dressing leather.--_n._ MACE'-BEAR'ER, one who carries the mace in a procession, or before men in authority--also MAC'ER. [O. Fr. _mace_ (Fr. _masse_)--obs. L. _matea_, whence L. dim. _mateola_, a mallet.]

MACE, m[=a]s, _n._ a kind of spice: the second coat of the nutmeg. [O. Fr. _macis_--L. _macer_--Gr. _maker_.]

MACERATE, mas'[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.t._ to steep: to soften by steeping: to make lean: to mortify.--_n._ MACER[=A]'TION, act of softening by steeping: mortification of the flesh by fasting and other severe modes of living. [L. _macer[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to steep.]

MACHETE, ma-ch[=a]'t[=a], _n._ a heavy knife or cutlass used by the Cubans, &c. [Sp.]

MACHIAVELLIAN, mak-i-a-v[=e]l'yan, _adj._ destitute of political morality, following expediency rather than right: cunning, crafty, perfidious.--_n._ one who imitates Machiavel--more correctly, Niccolo _Machiavelli_--of Florence (1469-1527): any cunning and unprincipled statesman.--_n._ MACHIAVELL'IANISM, the principles taught by Machiavel, or conduct regulated by them: cunning statesmanship.

MACHICOLATION, mach-i-ko-l[=a]'shun, _n._ (_archit._) a projecting parapet or gallery with openings for pouring molten substances upon an attacking force below: the construction or use of such means of defence.--_adj._ MACHIC'OLATED. [Fr. _mâchicoulis_, from _mâche_, mash, _coulis_, a flowing--L. _col[=a]re_, to filter.]

MACHINATE, mak'i-n[=a]t, _v.t._ to contrive skilfully: to form a plot or scheme, esp. for doing harm.--_ns._ MACHIN[=A]'TION, act of machinating or contriving a scheme for carrying out some purpose, esp. an evil one: an artful design or plot: MACH'INATOR, one who machinates. [L. _machin[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_mach[)i]na_.]

MACHINE, ma-sh[=e]n', _n._ any artificial means or contrivance: any instrument for the conversion of motion: an engine: a coach or conveyance of any kind: one who can do only what he is told: a contrivance in the ancient Greek theatre for indicating a change of scene, by means of which a god might cross the stage or deliver a divine message--whence the expression _Deus ex mach[)i]na_ for a sudden interposition of Providence: any literary contrivance for the development of a plot: supernatural agency in a poem.--_v.t._ to use machinery for, esp. to print or sew by such: to make by means of machinery.--_ns._ MACHINE'-GUN, a gun firing a great many shots one after the other, sometimes as many as 1000 per minute; MACHINE'-MAN, a man who manages the working of a machine, esp. in a printing-office; MACHIN'ERY, machines in general: the working parts of a machine: combined means for keeping anything in action, or for producing a desired result; MACHINE'-SHOP, a workshop where machines are made; MACHINE'-TOOL, an adjustable machine for doing work with cutting-tools, or one utilising minor tools, as a planing-, drilling-machine, &c.; MACHINE'-WORK, work done by a machine; MACHIN'IST, a constructor of machines: one well versed in machinery: one who works a machine. [Fr.,--L. _mach[)i]na_--Gr. _m[=e]chan[=e]_, akin to _m[=e]ch-os_, contrivance.]

MACK'EREL, mak'[.e]r-el, _n._ a food fish, dark blue, with wavy cross-streaks above, and silvery below.--_n._ MACK'EREL-SKY, a sky with clouds broken into long, thin, white, parallel masses. [O. Fr. _makerel_ (Fr. _maquereau_), prob. from L. _macula_, a spot.]

MACKINTOSH, mak'in-tosh, _n._ a waterproof overcoat. [From Charles _Mackintosh_ (1766-1843), the inventor.]

MACKLE, mak'l, _n._ a spot or blemish in printing, by a double impression, wrinkling, &c.--_v.t._ to spot, blur.

MACLE, mak'l, _n._ a kind of twin crystal: a kind of _cross-stone_ or _hollow-spar_, called also _Chiastolite_, having the axis and angles of its crystals coloured differently from the rest.--_adj._ MAC'LED, spotted. [Through Fr., from L. _macula_, spot.]

MACMILLANITE, mak-mil'an-[=i]t, _n._ an old name for a member of the Scottish sect of Cameronians or Reformed Presbyterians. [From John _Macmillan_, (1670-1753), the first ordained minister who associated himself with the 'suffering remnant.']

MACRAMÉ, mak-ra-m[=a]', _n._ a fringe or trimming of knotted thread--also knotted bar-work. [It.]

MACROBIOTIC, mak-r[=o]-bi-ot'ik, _adj._ long-lived.--_ns._ MACROBI[=O]'SIS, long life; MACR[=O]'BIOTE, one who lives long; MACROBIOT'ICS, the study of longevity.

MACROCEPHALOUS, mak-ro-sef'a-lus, _adj._ having a large or long head.--Also MACROCEPHAL'IC. [Gr. _makros_, long or great, _kephal[=e]_, a head.]

MACROCOSM, mak'ro-kozm, _n._ the great world: the whole universe:--opp. to _Microcosm_.--_adj._ MACROCOS'MIC. [Gr. _makros_, long, _kosmos_, world.]

MACRODACTYL, mak-ro-dak'til, _adj._ having long toes.--_n._ a wading-bird having such:--_pl._ MACRODAC'TYL[=I], and -A. [Gr. _makros_, long, _daktylos_, finger.]

MACROLOGY, mak-rol'o-ji, _n._ much talk with little to say. [Gr. _makros_, long, _logos_, a word.]

MACRON, mak'ron, _n._ a straight line placed over a vowel to show that it is long:--opp. to _Breve_, the mark of a short vowel. [Gr., 'long.']

MACROPOD, mak'ro-pod, _adj._ having long feet.--_n._ a long-legged or long-footed animal: one of the spider-crabs.--_adjs._ MACROP'ODAL, MACROP'ODAN, MACROP[=O]'DIAN, MACROP'ODOUS (_bot._). [Gr. _makros_, long, _pous_, _podos_, a foot.]

MACROPTEROUS, mak-rop'te-rus, _adj._ long-winged. [Gr. _makros_, long, _pteron_, a wing.]

MACROSCIAN, mak-ros'i-an, _adj._ casting a long shadow.--_n._ an inhabitant of the Arctic or Antarctic zones. [Gr. _makros_, long, _skia_, shadow.]

MACROSCOPIC, mak-ro-skop'ik, _adj._ visible to the naked eye:--opp. to _Microscopic_.--_adv._ MACROSCOP'ICALLY. [Gr. _makros_, long, _skopein_, to see.]

MACROSPORE, mak'ro-sp[=o]r, _n._ a more than usually large spore of a flowerless plant, as in club-mosses, &c.--_n._ MACROSPORAN'GIUM, a sporangium containing macrospores. [Gr. _makros_, long, _spora_, a seed.]

MACRUROUS, mak-r[=oo]'rus, _adj._ long-tailed.--Also MACRU'RAL. [Gr. _makros_, long, _oura_, tail.]

MACULA, mak'[=u]-la, _n._ a spot, as on the skin, or on the surface of the sun, moon, or planets:--_pl._ MACULÆ (mak'[=u]-l[=e]).--_v.t._ MAC'UL[=A]TE, to spot, to defile.--_n._ MACUL[=A]'TION, act of spotting, a spot.--_adj._ MACULOSE (mak'[=u]-l[=o]z), spotted. [L. _macul[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_macula_, a spot.]

MAD, mad, _adj._ (_comp._ MAD'DER; _superl._ MAD'DEST) disordered in intellect: insane: proceeding from madness, rabid: troubled in mind: excited with any violent passion or appetite: furious with anger.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to drive mad.--_adjs._ MAD'BRAIN, MAD'BRAINED (_Shak._), disordered in brain or mind: rash: hot-headed; MAD'-BRED (_Shak._), bred in madness or heat of passion.--_n._ MAD'CAP, a person who acts madly: a wild, rash, hot-headed person.--_adj._ fond of wild and reckless action.--_v.t._ MAD'DEN, to make mad: to enrage.--_v.i._ to become mad: to act as one mad.--_adj._ MAD'DING, distracted, acting madly.--_advs._ MAD'DINGLY, MAD'LY.--_ns._ MAD'-DOC'TOR, a doctor who studies and treats the diseases of mad people; MAD'HOUSE, a house for mad persons: a lunatic asylum; MAD'LING, a mad person; MAD'MAN, a man who is mad: a maniac; MAD'NESS; MAD'WORT, a plant believed to cure canine madness.--GO MAD, to become demented; LIKE MAD, madly, furiously. [A.S. _ge-m['æ]d_; Old Sax. _ge-méd_, foolish, Ice. _meidd-r_, hurt.]

MADAM, mad'am, _n._ a courteous form of address to a lady, esp. an elderly or a married one: a woman of fashion:--_pl._ MAD'AMS, or MESDAMES (m[=a]-dam'). [Fr.,--_ma_, my, _dame_, lady--L. _mea domina_.]

MAD-APPLE, mad'-ap-l, _n._ the egg-plant.

MADAROSIS, mad-a-r[=o]'sis, _n._ loss of the hair, esp. of the eyelashes. [Gr.,--_madaros_, bald, _madan_, to fall off.]

MADDER, mad'[.e]r, _n._ a plant whose root affords a red dye.--_ns._ MADD'ER-LAKE, a colour mixed either with oil or water, made from madder; MADD'ER-WORT, any plant of the _Rubiaceæ_ or madder family. [A.S. _mæderu_; Ice. _maðra_, Dut. _meed_.]

MADE, m[=a]d, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _make_.--MADE CONTINUALLY (_Pr. Bk._), established for ever; MADE DISH, a dish of meat, &c., recooked: an entrée; MADE UP, put together, finished: dressed for a part, disguised: perfect: artificial, invented.

MADEIRA, ma-d[=e]'ra, _n._ a rich wine of the sherry class produced in _Madeira_.

MADEMOISELLE, mad-mwa-zel', _n._ a courteous form of address to a young lady: Miss. [Fr., _ma_, my, and _demoiselle_.]

MADGE, maj, _n._ a leaden hammer.

MADGE, maj, _n._ the magpie.

MADIA, m[=a]'di-a, _n._ a genus of American herbs of the aster family, the tarweeds--a Chilian species yielding a valuable oil.

MADID, mad'id, _adj._ wet, dank. [L. _madidus_--_mad[=e]re_, to be wet; akin to Gr. _madaein_.]

MADONNA, MADONA, ma-don'a, _n._ a name given to the Virgin, esp. as seen in works of art: (_Shak._) my lady.--_adv._ MADONN'A-WISE, after the fashion of the Madonna, esp. in the arrangement of a woman's hair. [It., lit. 'my lady'--L. _mea domina_.]

MADRAS, ma-dras', _n._ a large handkerchief of silk and cotton, usually in bright colours, worn on the head by West Indian negroes.

MADREPORE, mad're-p[=o]r, _n._ the common coral. [Fr.,--It., from _madre_, mother--L. _mater_, and _-pora_--Gr. _p[=o]ros_, a soft stone.]

MADRIGAL, mad'ri-gal, _n._ (_mus._) a piece of music for the voice in five or six parts: a short poem expressing a graceful and tender thought.--_adj._ MADRIG[=A]'LIAN.--_n._ MAD'RIGALIST. [It., from _mandra_, a sheep-fold--L. _mandra_.]

MADROÑO, ma-dr[=o]'ny[=o], _n._ a handsome evergreen tree of North California.--Also MADR[=O]'ÑA.

MÆCENAS, m[=a]-s[=e]'nas, _n._ a Roman knight who befriended the poets Virgil and Horace: any rich patron of art or literature.

MAELSTROM, m[=a]l'strom, _n._ a celebrated whirlpool off the coast of Norway: any resistless overpowering influence for destruction. [Norw., 'grinding stream.']

MÆNAD, m[=e]'nad, _n._ a female follower of Bacchus, a woman beside herself with frenzy.--_adj._ MÆNAD'IC, bacchanalian: furious. [Gr. _mainas_, _-ados_, raving--_mainesthai_, to be mad.]

MAESTOSO, m[=a]-es-t[=o]'zo, _adj._ and _adv._ (_mus._) with dignity or majesty. [It.]

MAESTRO, ma-es'tr[=o], _n._ a master, esp. an eminent musical composer or conductor. [It.]

MAFFLED, maf'ld, _adj._ (_prov._) confused in the intellect.--_n._ MAFF'LING, a simpleton.

MAG, mag, _n._ a halfpenny.--Also MAIK, MAKE.

MAG, mag, _v.i._ (_prov._) to chatter.--_v.t._ to tease.--_n._ chatter: the magpie: the long-tailed titmouse.

MAG, mag, _v.t._ (_slang_) to steal.--_n._ MAGS'MAN, a street swindler.

MAGAZINE, mag-a-z[=e]n', _n._ a storehouse: a place for military stores: the gunpowder-room in a ship: a pamphlet or small book published from time to time, containing compositions on various subjects.--_ns._ MAGAZINE'-GUN, or -R[=I]'FLE, a gun or rifle from which many shots can be fired one after another without reloading. [Fr. _magasin_--It. _magazzino_--Ar. _makhzan_, a storehouse.]

MAGDALEN, mag'da-len, _n._ a repentant prostitute.--Also MAG'DALENE. [From Mary _Magdalene_ (Luke, viii. 2), confused with the woman of Luke vii. 37-50.]

MAGDEBURG HEMISPHERES, mag'de-b[=oo]rg hem'i-sf[=e]rz, _n.pl._ two hemispherical cups from within which, when placed together, the air can be removed by an air-pump to show the pressure of the air on the outside. [Invented at _Magdeburg_ in Germany.]

MAGE, m[=a]j, _n._ a magician, enchanter (see MAGI).

MAGENTA, ma-jen'ta, _n._ a colour between pink and red. [From the battle of _Magenta_ in North Italy, 1859.]

MAGGOT, mag'ut, _n._ a worm or grub: a whim.--_adj._ MAGG'OTY, full of maggots. [W. _maceiad_, akin to _magiaid_, worms, _magu_, to breed.]

MAGI, m[=a]'j[=i], _n.pl._ priests of the ancient Persians: the Wise Men of the East.--_adj._ M[=A]'GIAN, pertaining to the Magi.--_n._ one of the Magi.--_ns._ M[=A]'GIANISM, or M[=A]'GISM, the philosophy or doctrines of the Magi. [L.,--Gr. _magos_, orig. a title given to the wise men of Chaldea, astrologers and wizards.]

MAGIC, maj'ik, _n._ the pretended art of producing marvellous results by the aid of spirits, or of the secret forces of nature: enchantment: sorcery.--_adjs._ MAG'IC, -AL, pertaining to, used in, or done by magic: causing wonderful or startling results.--_adv._ MAG'ICALLY.--_ns._ MAGIC'IAN, one skilled in magic: a wizard: an enchanter; MAG'IC-LAN'TERN (see LANTERN).--MAGIC SQUARE, a square filled with rows of figures so arranged that the sums of all the rows will be the same, perpendicularly or horizontally--as 2, 7, 6; 9, 5, 1; 4, 3, 8, &c.; there are also MAGIC CIRCLES, CUBES, CYLINDERS, and SPHERES similarly arranged.--BLACK MAGIC, the black art, magic by means of union with evil spirits; NATURAL MAGIC, the art of working wonders by a superior knowledge of the powers of nature; WHITE MAGIC, magic without the aid of the devil. [O. Fr. _magique_--L.,--Gr. See MAGI.]

MAGILP, ma-gilp', _n._ a vehicle used by oil-painters, consisting of linseed-oil and mastic varnish--written also MEGILP'. [Prob. from a proper name.]

MAGISTERIAL, maj-is-t[=e]'ri-al, _adj._ pertaining or suitable to a master: in the manner of a master: of the rank of a magistrate: authoritative: proud: dignified.--_n._ MAGIS'TER, master.--_adv._ MAGIST[=E]'RIALLY.--_ns._ MAGIST[=E]'RIALNESS; MAGIST[=E]'RIUM, an authoritative statement; MAG'ISTERY, a term in alchemy for various preparations, esp. a precipitate of bismuth: any sovereign remedy: a mandate. [L. _magisterius_--_magister_, a master--_mag_, root of L. _magnus_, great.]

MAGISTRATE, maj'is-tr[=a]t, _n._ a person entrusted with the power of putting the laws in force: a justice of the peace.--_n._ MAG'ISTRACY, the office or dignity of a magistrate: the body of magistrates.--_adj._ MAG'ISTRAL, magisterial: specially prescribed or made up, as a medicine: effectual.--_n._ (_fort._) the guiding line determining the other positions: a special preacher in Spanish cathedrals, &c.--_n._ MAGISTRAND', an arts student ready to proceed to graduation, at Aberdeen.--_adj._ MAGISTRAT'IC. [O. Fr.,--L. _magistratus_, _magister_.]

MAGMA, mag'ma, _n._ any soft doughy mass: the molten mass within the earth's crust: the residuum after expressing the juice from fruits. [Gr.]

MAGNA CHARTA, mag'na kär'ta, _n._ the Great Charter obtained from King John, 1215 A.D. [L.]

MAGNANERIE, man-yan'e-r[=e], _n._ a place for rearing silkworms. [Fr.]

MAGNANIMITY, mag-na-nim'i-ti, _n._ greatness of soul: elevation of dignity, of mind: that quality of mind which raises a person above all that is mean of unjust: generosity.--_adj._ MAGNAN'IMOUS, elevated in sentiment, noble: brave: unselfish.--_adv._ MAGNAN'IMOUSLY. [L. _magnanimitas_--_magnus_, great, _animus_, the mind.]

MAGNATE, mag'n[=a]t, _n._ a noble: a man of rank or wealth. [Fr. _magnat_, a title of Hungarian and Polish nobles--L. _magnas_, _magnatis_, a prince--_magnus_, great.]

MAGNES, mag'n[=e]z, _n._ (_Spens._) the magnet. [L.]

MAGNESIUM, mag-n[=e]'shi-um, or -si-um, _n._ a metal of a bright, silver-white colour, which while burning gives a dazzling white light, and forms magnesia.--_n._ MAGN[=E]'SIA, a light white powder, got by burning magnesium, used as a medicine.--_adj._ MAGN[=E]'SIAN, belonging to, containing, or resembling magnesia.--_n._ MAG'NESITE, native magnesium carbonate.

MAGNET, mag'net, _n._ the lodestone, an iron ore which attracts iron, and, when hung so that it can move freely, points to the poles: a bar or piece of steel to which the properties of the lodestone have been imparted.--_adjs._ MAGNET'IC, -AL, pertaining to the magnet: having the properties of the magnet: attractive.--_adv._ MAGNET'ICALLY.--_ns._ MAGNETIC'IAN, MAG'NETIST, one versed in magnetism.--_adj._ MAGNETIS'ABLE.--_n._ MAGNETIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ MAG'NETISE, to render magnetic: to attract as if by a magnet.--_v.i._ to become magnetic.--_ns._ MAG'NETISER, one who, or that which, imparts magnetism; MAG'NETISM, the cause of the attractive power of the magnet: attraction: the science which treats of the properties of the magnet--(ANIMAL MAGNETISM, Mesmer's name for the phenomena of mesmerism; TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM, the magnetic properties possessed by the earth as a whole); MAG'NETIST, one skilled in magnetism.--_adjs._ MAG'NETO-ELEC'TRIC, -AL, pertaining to magneto-electricity.--_ns._ MAG'NETO-ELECTRIC'ITY, electricity produced by the action of magnets: the science which treats of electricity produced by magnetism; BAR'-MAG'NET, a magnet in the form of a bar.--MAGNETIC BATTERY, several magnets placed with their like poles together, so as to act with great force; MAGNETIC CURVES, the curves formed by iron-filings around the poles of a magnet; MAGNETIC EQUATOR, the line round the earth where the magnetic needle remains horizontal; MAGNETIC FIELD, the space over which magnetic force is felt; MAGNETIC FLUID, a hypothetical fluid assumed to explain the phenomena of magnetism; MAGNETIC MERIDIAN, the meridian lying in the direction in which the magnetic needle points; MAGNETIC NEEDLE, the light bar in the mariner's compass which, because it is magnetised, points always to the north; MAGNETIC NORTH, that point of the horizon which is indicated by the direction of the magnetic needle; MAGNETIC POLES, two nearly opposite points on the earth's surface, where the dip of the needle is 90°; MAGNETIC STORM, a disturbance in the magnetism of the earth or air, which causes the magnetic needle to move rapidly backwards and forwards.--ARTIFICIAL MAGNET, a magnet made by rubbing with other magnets; HORSE-SHOE MAGNET, a magnet bent like a horse-shoe; PERMANENT MAGNET, a magnet that keeps its magnetism after the force which magnetised it has been removed. [Through O. Fr., from L. _magnes_, a magnet--Gr. _magn[=e]s_=Magnesian stone, from _Magn[=e]sia_, in Lydia or Thessaly.]

MAGNIFICAT, mag-nif'i-kat, _n._ the song of the Virgin Mary, Luke, i. 46-55, beginning in the Vulgate with this word. [L. '(my soul) doth magnify,' 3d pers. sing. pres. ind. of _magnific[=a]re_.]

MAGNIFICENT, mag-nif'i-sent, _adj._ great in deeds or in appearance: grand: noble: pompous: displaying greatness of size or extent.--_n._ MAGNIF'ICENCE.--_adv._ MAGNIF'ICENTLY.--_n._ MAGNIF'ICO (_Shak._), a title for a Venetian nobleman: a grandee.

MAGNIFY, mag'ni-f[=i], _v.t._ to make great or greater: to enlarge: to cause to appear greater: to exaggerate: to praise highly:--_pa.p._ mag'nified.--_adjs._ MAG'NIFIABLE, that may be magnified; MAGNIF'IC, -AL, great: splendid: noble.--_adv._ MAGNIF'ICALLY, in a magnificent manner.--_ns._ MAGNIFIC[=A]'TION, act of magnifying: increase of visual power in penetration as well as enlargement; MAG'NIFIER, one who, or that which, magnifies or enlarges: one who extols.--MAGNIFY ONE'S SELF, show great pride--AGAINST, oppose with pride; MAGNIFYING GLASS, in optics, a convex lens, objects seen through it having their apparent dimensions increased. [Fr.,--L. _magnific[=a]re_--_magnus_, great, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

MAGNILOQUENT, mag-nil'o-kwent, _adj._ speaking in a grand or pompous style: bombastic.--_n._ MAGNIL'OQUENCE.--_adv._ MAGNIL'OQUENTLY. [L., from _magnus_, great, _loqui_, to speak.]

MAGNITUDE, mag'ni-t[=u]d, _n._ greatness: size: extent: importance. [L. _magnitudo_--_magnus_.]

MAGNOLIA, mag-n[=o]l'i-a, or -ya, _n._ a North American tree with beautiful foliage, and large, white or purplish, sweet-scented flowers. [From Pierre _Magnol_ (1638-1715), a Montpellier botanist.]

MAGNUM, mag'num, _n._ a bottle holding two quarts: the quantity of wine filling such. [L.]

MAGOT, mag'ot, _n._ the Barbary ape, the only species of monkey existing in Europe: a small grotesque figure, crouching on the covers of vases; &c.

MAGPIE, mag'p[=i], _n._ a chattering bird, of a genus allied to the crow, with pied or coloured feathers: (_slang_) a halfpenny--(_Shak._) MAG'OT-PIE, MAGG'OT-PIE. [_Mag_, a familiar contr. of _Margaret_ (cf. _Robin-Redbreast_, _Jenny Wren_), _pie_, from L. _pica_, a magpie--_ping[)e]re_, _pictum_, to paint.]

MAGYAR, ma-jär', or mag'yär, _n._ one of the prevailing race in Hungary: the native speech of Hungary.

MAHABHARATA, ma-hä-bä'ra-tä, _n._ the name of one of the two great epic poems of ancient India, the other being the _Ramayana_. [Sans.; prob. 'the great history of the descendants of _Bharata_.']

MAHADEVA, ma-ha-d[=a]'va, _n._ one of the names of the Hindu god Siva. [Sans. _mah[=a]_, great, _deva_, god.]

MAHARAJAH, ma-ha-rä'jä, _n._ the title given to a great Indian prince:--_fem._ MAHARA'NI, MAHARA'NEE. [Sans. _mah[=a]_, great, _r[=a]ja_, prince or king.]

MAHATMA, ma-hat'ma, _n._ one skilled in mysteries or religious secrets: an adept. [Sans., 'high-souled.']

MAHDI, mä'd[=e], _n._ the great leader of the faithful Mohammedans, who is to appear in the last days--one pretended Mahdi overthrew the Egyptian power in the Soudan in 1884-85.--_ns._ MAH'DISM; MAH'DIST.

MAHL-STICK, mäl'-stik, _n._ a tapering staff used by painters as a rest for the right hand.--Also MAL'STICK, MAUL'STICK. [Ger. _mahlstock_.]

MAHOGANY, ma-hog'a-ni, _n._ a tree of tropical America: its wood, which is of great value for making furniture.--_n._ MAHOG'ANY-TREE, same as mahogany: (_hum._) the dinner-table. [_Mahogoni_, the native South American name.]

MAHOMEDAN, MAHOMETAN. See MOHAMMEDAN.

MAHOUN, MAHOUND, ma-hown', ma-hownd', or mä'-, _n._ an old form of the name of _Mohammed_: an evil spirit: the devil.

MAHOUT, ma-h[=oo]t', _n._ the keeper and driver of an elephant. [Hind. _mah[=a]ut_, _mah[=a]wat_.]

MAHRATTA, ma-rat'a, _n._ one of a once powerful race of Hindus in Western and Central India.

MAID, m[=a]d, _n._ an unmarried woman, esp. one young: a virgin: a female servant.--_ns._ MAID'-CHILD (_B._), a female child; MAID'-M[=A]'RIAN, the May-queen; a character in the old Morris-dance, usually represented by a man in woman's clothes (_Marian_, relating to Mary or to the Virgin Mary).--_adj._ MAID'-PALE (_Shak._), pale, like a sick girl.--_n._ MAID'SERVANT, a female servant.--MAID OF ALL WORK, a domestic who does general housework; OLD MAID, a woman left unmarried: a card game. [A.S. _mægden_--_mægeð_, a maid; cf. _magu_, son, _m['æ]g_, may.]

MAIDAN, m[=i]'dan, _n._ an esplanade or parade-ground near a town in Persia and India. [Pers.]

MAIDEN, m[=a]d'n, _n._ a maid: in Scotland, a machine like the guillotine, formerly used for beheading criminals.--_adj._ pertaining to a virgin or young woman: consisting of maidens: (_fig._) unpolluted: fresh: new: unused: first: that has never been captured, said of a fortress.--_ns._ MAID'ENHAIR, a name given to a fern from the fine hair-like stalks of its fronds; MAID'ENHOOD, MAID'ENHEAD, the state of being a maid: virginity: purity: freshness; MAID'ENLINESS.--_adjs._ MAID'ENLY, maiden-like: becoming a maiden: gentle: modest; MAID'EN-MEEK (_Tenn._), meek as a maiden; MAID'EN-TONGUED, gentle in voice like a girl; MAID'EN-WID'OWED, widowed while still a virgin.--_n._ MAID'HOOD (_Shak._).--MAIDEN ASSIZE, an assize at which there are no criminal cases; MAIDEN BATTLE, a first contest; MAIDEN FORTRESS, a fortress that has never been captured; MAIDEN NAME, the family name of a married woman before her marriage; MAIDEN OVER, in cricket, an over in which no runs are made; MAIDEN SPEECH, the first public speech made by a person, esp. in Parliament; MAIDEN STAKES, in horse-racing, the money contended for in a race between horses that have never run before.

MAIEUTIC, m[=a]-[=u]'tik, _adj._ helping childbirth.--_n._ midwifery. [Gr.]

MAIGRE, m[=a]'g[.e]r, _adj._ made neither from flesh-meat nor from gravy: belonging to a fast-day or to a fast.--MAIGRE FOOD, food allowed to be eaten on fast-days. [Fr. _maigre_, lean--L. _macer_.]

MAIL, m[=a]l, _n._ defensive armour for the body formed of steel rings or network: armour generally.--_v.t._ to clothe in mail: (_Scot._) to stain.--_adjs._ MAIL'-CLAD, clad with a coat of mail; MAILED, protected by mail. [Fr. _maille_--L. _macula_, a spot or a mesh.]

MAIL, m[=a]l, _n._ a bag for the conveyance of letters, &c.: the contents of such a bag: the person or the carriage by which the mail is conveyed.--_v.t._ to put into the mail: to send by mail.--_adj._ MAIL'ABLE, capable of being sent by mail.--_ns._ MAIL'-BAG, a bag in which letters are carried; MAIL'-BOAT, a boat which carries the public mails; MAIL'-CART, a cart in which mails are carried: a small cart, with long handles, for the amusement of children; MAIL'-CATCH'ER, an apparatus attached to a mail-carriage to catch up mail-bags while the train is in motion; MAIL'-COACH, -CAR, or -DRAG, the conveyance which carries the public mails; MAIL'-GUARD, an officer who guards the public mails; MAIL'ING-T[=A]'BLE, a table used in a post-office in sorting letters; MAIL'-TRAIN, a railway train which carries the public mails. [O. Fr. _male_, a trunk, a mail--Old High Ger. _malaha_, a sack; Gael. _mala_, a sack.]

MAIL, m[=a]l, _n._ an old French coin--half a denier: rent.--_n._ MAIL'ING, a farm. [See BLACKMAIL.]

MAIM, m[=a]m, _n._ a bruise: an injury: a lameness: the loss of any essential part.--_v.t._ to bruise: to disfigure: to injure: to lame or cripple: to render defective.--_n._ MAIM'EDNESS, the state of being maimed or injured. [O. Fr. _mehaing_, a bruise.]

MAIN, m[=a]n, _n._ might: strength. [A.S. _mægen_.]

MAIN, m[=a]n, _adj._ chief, principal: first in importance: leading.--_n._ the chief or principal part: the ocean or main sea: a continent or a larger island as compared with a smaller: a principal gas or water pipe in a street, or the largest conductor in a system of electric lights.--_ns._ MAIN'BOOM, the spar which extends the foot of a fore-and-aft mainsail; MAIN'DECK, the principal deck of a ship--so in MAIN'BRACE, the brace attached to the mainyard (see SPLICE); MAIN'LAND, the principal or larger land, as opposed to a smaller portion.--_adv._ MAIN'LY, chiefly, principally.--_ns._ MAIN'MAST, the principal mast of a ship, second from the prow; MAIN'SAIL, the principal sail generally attached to the mainmast; MAIN'SHEET, the sheet or rope attached to the lower corner of the mainsail; MAIN'SPRING, the spring which gives motion to any piece of machinery, esp. that of a watch or a clock; MAIN'STAY, the rope which stretches forward from the top of the mainmast: chief support; MAIN'TOP, a platform on the top of the mainmast; MAIN'TOPMAST, the mast next above the lower mainmast; MAIN'TOPSAIL, the sail above the mainsail, in square-rigged vessels; MAIN'YARD, the lower yard on the mainmast. [O. Fr. _maine_ or _magne_, great--L. _magnus_, great.]

MAIN, m[=a]n, _n._ a hand at dice: a match at cockfighting: a banker's shovel for coin. [O. Fr. _main_--L. _manus_, hand.]

MAINOR, m[=a]'nor, _n._ act or fact, esp. of theft: that which is stolen.

MAINS, m[=a]nz, _n._ (_Scot._) the principal or home farm.

MAINTAIN, men-t[=a]n', _v.t._ to keep in any state: to keep possession of: to preserve from capture or loss: to carry on: to keep up: to support: to make good: to support by argument: to affirm: to defend.--_v.i._ to affirm, as a position: to assert.--_adj._ MAINTAIN'ABLE, that can be supported or defended.--_ns._ MAINTAIN'ER, one who maintains; MAIN'TENANCE, the act of maintaining, supporting, or defending: continuance: the means of support: defence, protection: (_law_) an interference in a lawsuit, &c., in favour of one of the parties, by one who has no right or interest.--CAP OF MAINTENANCE, a cap of dignity borne by or before nobles and other persons of rank. [Fr. _maintenir_--L. _manu ten[=e]re_, to hold in the hand--_manus_, a hand, _ten[=e]re_, to hold.]

MAISTER, m[=a]s't[.e]r, _n._ an obsolete form of MASTER.--MAISTERY=MASTERY; MAISTRING=MASTERING; MAÎTRE=MASTER.

MAIZE, m[=a]z, _n._ a plant, and its fruit, called also _Indian corn_ or _wheat._ [Sp.,--Haitian.]

MAJESTY, maj'es-ti, _n._ greatness: grandeur: dignity: elevation of manner or style: royal state: a title of kings and other sovereigns, esp. with possessive pronouns, as _His_ or _Her Majesty_, &c.: a symbolic representation of the first person of the Trinity enthroned: the canopy of a hearse: (_her._) an eagle crowned and sceptred.--_adjs._ MAJES'TIC, -AL, having or exhibiting majesty: stately: sublime.--_adv._ MAJES'TICALLY, in a majestic manner.--_n._ MAJES'TICALNESS, MAJES'TICNESS, majesty. [Fr. _majesté_--L. _majestas_--_majus_, comp. of _magnus_, great.]

MAJOLICA, ma-jol'i-ka, _n._ name applied to decorative enamelled pottery, esp. that of Italy from the 15th to the 17th cent.: a modern ware in imitation, used for vases, &c. [From _Majorca_, where first made.]

MAJOR, m[=a]'jur, _adj._ greater in number, quantity, or size: more important: (_mus._) greater by a semitone.--_n._ a person of full age (21 years): an officer in rank between a captain and lieutenant-colonel.--_v.i._ to play the major, to talk big.--_ns._ MAJORAT (ma-zh[=o]-rä'), primogeniture; M[=A]'JORATE, M[=A]'JORSHIP, the office or rank of major: majority; M[=A]'JOR-D[=O]'MO, an official who has the general management in a large household: a general steward: a chief minister (Sp. _mayor-domo_, a house-steward--L. _major_, greater, _domus_, a house); M[=A]'JOR-GEN'ERAL, an officer in the army next in rank below a lieutenant-general; MAJOR'ITY, the greater number: the amount between the greater and the less number: full age (at 21): the office or rank of major.--MAJOR KEY (_mus._), a key in which the semitones lie between the third and fourth, and seventh and eighth; MAJOR PREMISE (_logic_), the principal or major statement in a syllogism; MAJOR SCALE (see MAJOR KEY).--GO OVER TO, or JOIN, THE MAJORITY, to die; THE MAJORITY, the GREAT MAJORITY, the dead. [L., comp. of _magnus_.]

MAJUSCULE, m[=a]-jus'k[=u]l, _n._ in paleography, a capital or uncial letter:--opp. to _Minuscule_. [L. _majuscula_ (_litera_), a somewhat larger letter.]

MAKE, m[=a]k, _v.t._ to fashion, frame, or form: to produce: to bring about: to perform: to force: to render: to represent, or cause to appear to be: to turn: to occasion: to bring into any state or condition: to establish: to prepare: to obtain: to ascertain: to arrive in sight of: to reach: (_B._) to be occupied with: to do.--_v.i._ to tend or move: to contribute: (_B._) to feign or pretend:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ m[=a]de.--_n._ form or shape: structure, texture.--_v.i._ MAKE'-BELIEVE', to pretend, feign.--_n._ a mere pretence.--_ns._ MAKE'-PEACE (_Shak._), a peace-maker; MAK'ER, one who makes: the Creator: a poet; MAKE'SHIFT, something done or used to serve a shift or turn: something used only for a time.--_adj._ having the character of a temporary resource.--_ns._ MAKE'-UP, the way anything is arranged: an actor's materials for personating a part: (_print._) the arrangement of composed types into columns or pages, as in imposition; MAKE'-WEIGHT, that which is thrown into a scale to make up the weight: something of little value added to supply a deficiency; MAK'ING, the act of forming: structure: form.--MAKE ACCOUNT OF (see ACCOUNT); MAKE A FIGURE, to be conspicuous; MAKE AFTER, to follow or pursue; MAKE AMENDS, to render compensation or satisfaction; MAKE AS IF, to act as if, to pretend that; MAKE AT, to make a hostile movement against; MAKE AWAY, to put out of the way, to destroy; MAKE AWAY WITH, to squander; MAKE BELIEVE (see BELIEVE); MAKE BOLD (see BOLD); MAKE FOR, to move toward, to tend to the advantage of--so in _B._; MAKE FREE WITH, to treat freely or without ceremony; MAKE GOOD, to maintain, to justify, to fulfil; MAKE HEAD AGAINST, to oppose successfully; MAKE LIGHT of (see LIGHT); MAKE LITTLE OF, to treat as insignificant; MAKE LOVE TO (see LOVE); MAKE MUCH OF, to treat with fondness, to cherish, to foster; MAKE NO DOUBT, to have no doubt, to be confident; MAKE OF, to understand by, to effect: to esteem; MAKE OFF WITH, to run away with; MAKE ONE'S WAY, to proceed: to succeed; MAKE OUT, to discover: to prove: to furnish: to succeed; MAKE OVER, to remake, reconstruct: to transfer; MAKE PACE, to increase the speed; MAKE SAIL, to increase the quantity of sail: to set sail; MAKE SURE, to be certain of; MAKE SURE OF, to consider as certain, to secure to one's self; MAKE THE MOST OF, to use to the best advantage; MAKE UP, to fabricate: to feign: to collect into one: to complete, supplement: to assume a particular form of features: to determine: to reckon: to make good: to repair: to harmonise, adjust; MAKE UP FOR, to compensate; MAKE UP TO, to approach: to become friendly. [A.S. _macian_; Ger. _machen_.]

MAKE, m[=a]k, _n._ (_Spens._) a mate, consort, equal.--_adj._ MAKE'LESS (_Shak._), without a make or mate. [A.S. _ge-maca_; Ice. _maki_, a mate.]

MAKETH, m[=a]k'eth, old 3d pers. sing. pres. ind. of _make_.

MAKIMONO, mak-i-m[=o]'n[=o], _n._ a roll, as of silk, esp. a long picture or writing rolled up and not hung. [Jap.]

MAKWA, mak'wa, _n._ a Chinese short outer jacket.

MALACHITE, mal'a-k[=i]t, _n._ a green-coloured mineral, composed essentially of carbonate of copper, much used for inlaid-work. [Gr. _malach[=e]_, a mallow, a plant of a green colour.]

MALACOLITE, mal'a-k[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a greenish lime-magnesia variety of pyroxene.

MALACOLOGY, mal-a-kol'o-ji, _n._ the branch of natural history which treats of the structure and habits of molluscs.--_adj._ MAL'ACOID, soft-bodied.--_n._ MALACOL'OGIST. [Gr. _malakos_, soft, _logia_, a discourse.]

MALACOPTERYGIAN, mal-a-kop-t[.e]r-ij'i-an, _adj._ having the rays of the fins soft, excepting the first ray of the dorsal and pectoral fins, as in the pike, salmon, &c.--Also MALACOPTERYG'IOUS. [Gr. _malakos_, soft, _pteryx_, _pterygos_, a wing.]

MALACOSTRACAN, mal-a-kos'tra-kan, _n._ an individual belonging to a sub-class of crustaceans, including the shrimps, lobsters, &c.--_adj._ belonging to this class--also MALACOS'TRACOUS.--_adj._ MALACOSTRACOLOG'ICAL.--_ns._ MALACOSTRACOL'OGIST; MALACOSTRACOL'OGY. [Gr. _malakos_, soft, _ostrakon_, a shell.]

MALACOZOA, mal-a-ko-z[=o]'a, _n.pl._ soft-bodied animals, the Mollusca generally.--_adj._ MALACOZ[=O]'IC, possessing the common features of molluscan life.

MALADAPTATION, mal-ad-ap-t[=a]'shun, _n._ faulty adaptation.

MALADDRESS, mal-a-dres', _n._ awkwardness: clumsiness.

MALADJUSTMENT, mal-ad-just'ment, _n._ a wrong adjustment.

MALADMINISTRATION, mal-ad-min-is-tr[=a]'shun, _n._ bad management, esp. of public affairs.

MALADROIT, mal-a-droit', _adj._ not dexterous: unskilful: clumsy.--_adv._ MALADROIT'LY.--_n._ MALADROIT'NESS, want of adroitness: awkwardness.

MALADY, mal'a-di, _n._ illness: disease, either of the body or of the mind. [Fr. _maladie_--_malade_, sick--L. _male habitus_, in ill condition--_male_, badly, _habitus_, pa.p. of _hab[=e]re_, have, hold.]

MALAGA, mal'a-ga, _n._ a wine imported from _Malaga_ in Spain.

MALAGASY, mal-a-gas'i, _adj._ of or pertaining to Madagascar or its inhabitants.--_n._ a native of Madagascar.--Also MALAGASH'.

MALAGUETTA PEPPER. See PEPPER.

MALAISE, ma-l[=a]z', _n._ uneasiness: a feeling of discomfort or of sickness. [O. Fr. _malaise_.]

MALAPERT, mal'a-p[.e]rt, _adj._ bold: forward: saucy: impudent.--_adv._ MAL'APERTLY.--_n._ MAL'APERTNESS. [O. Fr., _mal_--L. _malus_, bad, _apert_, well-bred--L. _apertus_, open.]

MALAPPROPRIATE, mal-a-pr[=o]'pri-[=a]t, _v.t._ to misuse.--_adj._ MALAPROPOS (mal-ap-ro-p[=o]'), out of place: unsuitable: inapt.--_adv._ badly apropos: not suited to the purpose: unseasonably.

MALAPROPISM, mal'a-prop-izm, _n._ the act of misapplying words, in the attempt to use fine language, from Mrs _Malaprop_ in Sheridan's play, _The Rivals_.

MALAR, m[=a]'lar, _adj._ pertaining to the cheek.--_n._ the bone which forms the prominence of the cheek. [L. _mala_, the cheek--_mand[)e]re_, to chew.]

MALARIA, ma-l[=a]'ri-a, _n._ the poisonous air arising from marshy districts, producing fever, &c.: miasma: the fever so caused.--_adjs._ MAL[=A]'RIOUS, MAL[=A]'RIAL, MAL[=A]'RIAN. [It. _mal' aria_--L. _malus_, bad, _aër_, air.]

MALASSIMILATION, mal-a-sim-i-l[=a]'shun, _n._ imperfect assimilation or nutrition.

MALAY, -AN, ma-l[=a]', -an, _n._ a native or inhabitant of _Malacca_, or of the _Malay_ Archipelago.--_adj._ of or pertaining to the Malays.--_n._ MALAYÄ'LAM, the language of Malabar, a Dravidian dialect.--_adj._ MALAY'SIAN, relating to the Malay Peninsula, or to the Malays.

MALCONFORMATION, mal-kon-for-m[=a]'shun, _n._ bad conformation or form: imperfection or disproportion of parts.

MALCONTENT, mal'kon-tent, _adj._ discontented, dissatisfied, esp. in political matters.--_n._ one discontented--also MALCONTENT'ED.--_adv._ MALCONTENT'EDLY.--_n._ MALCONTENT'EDNESS.--_adv._ MALCONTENT'LY.

MALE, m[=a]l, _n._ (_Spens._) mail, armour.

MALE, m[=a]l, _adj._ masculine: pertaining to the sex that begets (not bears) young: (_bot._) bearing stamens.--_n._ one of the male sex: a he-animal: a stamen-bearing plant.--_n._ MALE'-FERN, an elegant fern, with the fronds growing in a crown.--MALE ORDER, in architecture, the Doric order; MALE RHYMES, those in which only the final syllables correspond; MALE SCREW, a screw whose threads correspond to and enter the spiral grooves of the female screw. [O. Fr. _male_--L. _masculus_, male--_mas_, a male.]

MALEDICTION, mal-e-dik'shun, _n._ evil-speaking: a calling down of evil: curse: execration or imprecation.--_adjs._ MALEDICT'ORY, imprecatory; MALEDIKT', accursed. [O. Fr.,--L. _malediction-em_--_male_, badly, _dic[)e]re_, _dictum_, to speak.]

MALEFACTOR, mal'e-fak-tur, or mal-e-fak'tur, _n._ an evil-doer: a criminal.--_n._ MALEFAC'TION (_Shak._), a crime, an offence.--_adj._ MALEF'IC, doing mischief: producing evil.--_adv._ MALEF'ICALLY.--_v.t._ MALEF'ICATE, to bewitch.--_ns._ MAL'EFICE (_obs._), an evil deed: enchantment; MALEF'ICENCE, the character of being maleficent.--_adjs._ MALEF'ICENT, MALEFIC'IENT. [L., _male_, badly, _fac[)e]re_, to do.]

MALEIC, ma-l[=e]'ik, _adj._ obtained from malic acid.

MALENGINE, ma-len'jin, _n._ (_Spens._) evil device, deceit. [L. _malus_, bad, _ingenium_, ingenuity.]

MALETOTE, mal'e-t[=o]t, _n._ an illegal exaction.--Also MAL'ETOLT. [O. Fr.]

MALEVOLENT, mal-ev'o-lent, _adj._ wishing evil: ill-disposed towards others: rejoicing in another's misfortune: envious: malicious--also MALEV'OLOUS.--_n._ MALEV'OLENCE.--_adv._ MALEV'OLENTLY. [L. _male_, badly, _volens_, pr.p. of _velle_, to wish.]

MALFEASANCE, mal-f[=e]'zans, _n._ evil-doing: the doing of what one ought not to do: an illegal deed. [Fr. _malfaisance_--L. _male_, evil, _fac[)e]re_, to do.]

MALFORMATION, mal-for-m[=a]'shun, _n._ bad or wrong formation: irregular or anomalous structure.--_adj._ MALFORMED'.

MALGRADO, mal-grä'do, _adv._ in spite of. [It.]

MALGRE. Same as MAUGRE.

MALIC, m[=a]'lik, _adj._ obtained from the juice of several fruits, esp. the apple. [L. _malum_, an apple.]

MALICE, mal'is, _n._ ill-will: spite: disposition to harm others: deliberate mischief: intention to harm another.--_adj._ MALIC'IOUS, bearing ill-will or spite: moved by hatred or ill-will: having mischievous intentions.--_adv._ MALIC'IOUSLY.--_n._ MALIC'IOUSNESS. [Fr.,--L. _malitia_--_malus_, bad.]

MALIGN, ma-l[=i]n', _adj._ of an evil disposition towards others: malicious: unfavourable.--_v.t._ to speak evil of: (_obs._) to treat with malice.--_ns._ MALIGN'ER; MALIG'NITY, state or quality of being malign: great hatred, virulence: deadly quality.--_adv._ MALIGN'LY.--_n._ MALIGN'MENT. [Fr. _malin_, fem. _maligne_--L. _malignus_ for _maligenus_, of evil disposition--_malus_, bad, and _gen_, root of _genus_.]

MALIGNANT, ma-lig'nant, _adj._ disposed to do harm or to cause suffering: malign: acting maliciously: actuated by great hatred: tending to cause death.--_n._ a name applied by the Puritan party to one who had fought for Charles I. in the Civil War.--_n._ MALIG'NANCY, MALIG'NANCE, state or quality of being malignant.--_adv._ MALIG'NANTLY. [L. _malignans_, pr.p. of _malign[=a]re_, to act maliciously.]

MALINES LACE. Same as MECHLIN LACE. See LACE.

MALINFLUENCE, mal-in'fl[=oo]-ens, _n._ evil influence.

MALINGER, ma-ling'g[.e]r, _v.i._ to feign sickness in order to avoid duty.--_ns._ MALING'ERER; MALING'ERY, feigned sickness. [Fr. _malingre_--_mal_--L. _malus_, bad, O. Fr. _heingre_, ailing--L. _æger_, sick.]

MALISON, mal'i-zn, _n._ a curse:--opp. to _Benison_. [O. Fr.; a doublet of _malediction_; cf. _benison_ and _benediction_.]

MALKIN, maw'kin, _n._ (_Shak._) a term used in contempt for a dirty woman: a mop: (_Scot._) a hare.--Also MAW'KIN. [Dim. of _Mal_ or _Moll_, Mary.]

MALL, mawl, or mal, _n._ a large wooden beetle or hammer.--_v.t._ to beat with a mall or something heavy: to bruise. [O. Fr. _mail_--L. _malleus_.]

MALL, mel, or mal, _n._ a level shaded walk: a public walk. [Contr. through O. Fr. of Old It. _palamaglio_--It. _palla_, a ball, _maglio_, a mace.]

MALLARD, mal'ard, _n._ a drake: the common duck in its wild state. [O. Fr. _malard_ (Fr. _malart_)--_male_, male, and suffix _-ard_.]

MALLEATE, mal'e-[=a]t, _v.t._ to hammer: to form into a plate or leaf by hammering.--_adj._ MALL'EABLE, that may be malleated or beaten out by hammering.--_ns._ MALL'EABLENESS, MALLEABIL'ITY, quality of being malleable; MALLE[=A]'TION.--_adj._ MALL'EIFORM, hammer-shaped.--_n._ MALL'EUS, one of the small bones of the middle ear in mammals. [L. _malleus_, a hammer.]

MALLECHO, mal'[=e]-ch[=o], _n._ (_Shak._) villainy--probably a corruption of Spanish _malhecho_, mischief.--Also MAL'ICHO.

MALLEE, mal'[=e], _n._ two dwarf species of Eucalyptus in Australia.--_ns._ MALL'EE-BIRD, MALL'EE-HEN, an Australian mound-bird or megapode.

MALLEMAROKING, mal'[=e]-ma-r[=o]'king, _n._ the visiting and carousing of seamen in the Greenland ships. [Prob. to act like the _mallemuck_.]

MALLEMUCK, mal'e-muk, _n._ the fulmar petrel. [Ger.]

MALLEOLUS, ma-l[=e]'[=o]-lus, _n._ a bony protuberance on either side of the ankle.--_adj._ MAL'L[=E]OLAR. [L.]

MALLET, mal'et, _n._ a small wooden hammer: the long-handled hammer for driving the balls in croquet. [Fr. _maillet_, dim. of _mail_, a mall.]

MALLOW, mal'[=o], _n._ any plant of genus _Malva_--from its emollient properties or its soft downy leaves. [A.S. _malwe_--L. _malva_; Gr. _malach[=e]_--_malassein_, to make soft.]

MALM, MAUM, mäm, _n._ calcareous loam, earth specially good for brick. [A.S. _mealm_, sand.]

MALMSEY, mäm'ze, _n._ a sort of grape: a strong and sweet wine, first made in Greece, but now also in the Canary Islands and the Azores. [O. Fr. _malvoisie_, from _Malvasia_ in the Morea.]

MALODOUR, mal-[=o]'dor, _n._ an offensive odour.--_adj._ MAL[=O]'DOROUS.--_n._ MAL[=O]'DOROUSNESS.

MALPIGHIAN, mal-pig'i-an, _adj._ applied in anatomy to several structures in the kidney and spleen investigated by Marcello _Malpighi_ (1628-94).

MALPOSITION, mal-p[=o]-zish'un, _n._ a wrong position, misplacement.

MALPRACTICE, mal-prak'tis, _n._ evil practice or conduct: practice contrary to established rules.--_n._ MALPRACTIT'IONER, a physician guilty of malpractice.

MALPRESENTATION, mal-pr[=e]-zen-t[=a]'shun, _n._ abnormal presentation in childbirth.

MALSTICK. See MAHL-STICK.

MALT, mawlt, _n._ barley or other grain steeped in water, allowed to sprout, and dried in a kiln, used in brewing ale, &c.--_v.t._ to make into malt.--_v.i._ to become malt: (_hum._) to drink malt liquor.--_adj._ containing or made with malt.--_ns._ MALT'-DUST, grain-sprouts produced and 'screened off' in malt-making; MALT'-FLOOR, a perforated floor in the chamber of a malt-kiln, through which heat rises; MALT'-HORSE, a heavy horse, such as used by brewers--hence (_Shak._) used in reproach for a dull, stupid person; MALT'ING; MALT'-KILN; MALT'-MILL, a mill for grinding malt; MALT'OSE, a hard, white, crystalline sugar, formed by the action of malt or diastase on starch; MALT'STER, MALT'MAN, one whose trade or occupation it is to make malt (_-ster_ was up to the end of the 13th century a feminine affix); MALT'WORM (_Shak._), a lover of malted liquors, a tippler.--_adj._ MALT'Y.--MALT LIQUOR, a liquor, as beer, ale, or porter, formed from malt; MALT TEA, the liquid infusion of the mash in brewing. [A.S. _mealt_, pa.t. of _meltan_, to soften; cf. Ger. _malz_.]

MALTALENT, mal'tal-ent, _n._ (_Spens._) bad inclination, ill-humour.

MALTESE, mal-t[=e]z', _n._ a native, or the natives, of _Malta_: the dialect, a corrupt Arabic mixed with Italian.--_adj._ belonging to Malta, or to its inhabitants.--MALTESE CROSS (see CROSS); MALTESE DOG, a very small spaniel with long silky hair.

MALTHA, mal'tha, _n._ a thick mineral pitch: any similar preparation used by the ancients as a cement, stucco, or mortar. [L.]

MALTHUSIAN, mal-th[=u]'zhan, _adj._ relating to _Malthus_ or to the principles he taught regarding the necessity of preventing population from increasing faster than the means of living.--_n._ a disciple of Thomas Robert _Malthus_ (1766-1834).

MALTREAT, mal-tr[=e]t', _v.t._ to abuse: to use roughly or unkindly.--_n._ MALTREAT'MENT. [Fr. _maltraiter_--L. _male_, ill, TRACT[=A]RE, to treat.]

MALVACEOUS, mal-v[=a]'shus, _adj._ (_bot._) pertaining to plants of the mallow family.

MALVERSATION, mal-v[.e]r-s[=a]'shun, _n._ evil conduct: misbehaviour in office: corruption: extortion. [Fr.--L. _male_, badly, _vers[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_, to occupy one's self.]

MALVOISIE, mal'vwä-z[=e], _n._ Same as MALMSEY.

MAMBRINO, mam-br[=e]'no, _n._ a medieval iron hat, from its likeness to the barber's basin in _Don Quixote_.

MAMELUKE, mam'e-l[=oo]k, _n._ one of a force of light horse in Egypt formed of Circassian slaves--dispersed in 1811. [Fr.,--Ar. _mamlûk_, a purchased slave--_malaka_, to possess.]

MAMMA, MAMA, mam-mä', _n._ mother--used chiefly by young children.--_n._ MAMM'Y, mother. [_Mama_, a repetition of _ma_, the first syllable a child naturally utters.]

MAMMALIA, mam-m[=a]'li-a, _n.pl._ (_zool._) the whole class of animals that suckle their young.--_ns._ MAM'ELON, a small hillock with a rounded top; MAM'MA, the mammary gland:--_pl._ MAM'MÆ; MAM'MAL, (_zool._), one of the mammalia:--_pl._ MAMMALS (mam'alz).--_adjs._ MAMM[=A]'LIAN; MAMMALIF'EROUS (_geol._), bearing mammals; MAMMALOG'ICAL.--_ns._ MAMMAL'OGIST; MAMMAL'OGY, the scientific knowledge of mammals.--_adjs._ MAM'MARY, relating to the mammæ or breasts; MAM'MATE, having breasts.--_n._ MAM'MIFER, an animal having mammæ.--_adjs._ MAMMIF'EROUS, having mammaæ; MAM'MIFORM, having the form of a breast or pap--also MAMMIL'IFORM.--_n._ MAMMIL'LA, the nipple of the mammary gland:--_pl._ MAMMIL'LÆ.--_adjs._ MAM'MILLARY, pertaining to, or resembling, the breasts: studded with rounded projections; MAM'MILLATE, having a mammilla; MAM'MILLATED, having small nipples, or little globes like nipples: nipple-shaped.--_n._ MAMMILL[=A]'TION--_adj._ MAMMOSE' (_bot._), breast-shaped. [L.]

MAMMEE, mam-m[=e]', _n._ a highly esteemed fruit of the West Indies and tropical America, having a sweet taste and aromatic odour: the tree producing the fruit, the _Mammea_. [Haitian.]

MAMMER, mam'[.e]r, _v.i._ (_Shak._) to hesitate, to stand muttering and in doubt. [Prob. imit.]

MAMMET, mam'et, _n._ (_Shak._) a puppet, a figure dressed up. [Cf. _mawmet_, an idol.]

MAMMOCK, mam'uk, _n._ a shapeless piece.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to tear to pieces, to mangle.

MAMMON, mam'un, _n._ riches: the god of riches.--_adj._ MAMM'ONISH, devoted to money-getting.--_ns._ MAMM'ONISM, devotion to gain; MAMM'ONIST, MAMM'ONITE, a person devoted to riches: a worldling.--_adj._ MAMMONIST'IC. [Low L. _mammona_--Gr. _mam[=o]nas_--Syriac _mamônâ_, riches.]

MAMMOTH, mam'uth, _n._ an extinct species of elephant.--_adj._ resembling the mammoth in size: very large. [Russ. _mamant[)u]_--Tartar _mamma_, the earth.]

MAN, man, _n._ a human being: mankind: a grown-up male: a male attendant: one possessing a distinctively masculine character: a husband: a piece used in playing chess or draughts: a ship, as in man-of-war: a word of familiar address:--_pl._ MEN.--_v.t._ to supply with men: to strengthen or fortify:--_pr.p._ man'ning; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ manned.--_ns._ MAN'-AT-ARMS, a soldier; MAN-CHILD, a male child: a boy; MAN'DOM (_rare_), humanity, men collectively; MAN'-EAT'ER, a cannibal: a tiger; MAN'-EN'GINE, an elevator for raising and lowering men in some deep mines.--_adj._ MAN'FUL, having the qualities of a man: full of manliness: bold: courageous: noble-minded.--_adv._ MAN'FULLY.--_ns._ MAN'FULNESS; MAN'-HOLE, a hole in a drain, cesspool, &c., large enough to admit a man, for the purpose of cleaning or repairing it; MAN'HOOD, state of being a man: manly quality: human nature; MAN'KIND, the kind or race of man: the mass of human beings.--_adj._ MAN'-LIKE, having the appearance, characteristics, or qualities of a man.--_n._ MAN'LINESS.--_adj._ MAN'LY, becoming a man: brave: dignified: noble: pertaining to manhood: not childish or womanish.--_n._ MAN'-MILL'INER, a man engaged in millinery--often in contempt.--_adjs._ MAN'-MIND'ED (_Tenn._), having the mind or qualities of a man; MAN'NISH, like a man: masculine: bold.--_ns._ MAN'-OF-WAR, a war-ship: (_B._) a soldier; MAN'-OF-WAR'S-MAN, a man who serves on board a war-ship; MAN'-QUELL'ER (_Shak._), a man-killer, a murderer; MAN'SLAUGHTER, the slaying of a man: (_law_) the killing of any one unlawfully, but without malice or forethought; MAN'SLAYER, one who kills a man; MAN'STEALER, one who steals human beings, esp. to make slaves of them; MAN'TRAP, a trap or machine for catching people who trespass.--MAN ABOUT TOWN, a fashionable idler, dangling about clubs, theatres, &c.; MAN ALIVE! an exclamation of surprise; MAN FRIDAY, a servile attendant, factotum--from Robinson Crusoe's man; MAN IN THE MOON, a fancied semblance of a man walking in the moon, with a bush near, and his dog behind him; MAN OF BUSINESS, an agent or a lawyer; MAN OF (HIS) HANDS, a handy, clever fellow; MAN OF LETTERS, a scholar and writer; MAN OF SIN, the devil: Antichrist; MAN OF STRAW, a person put in the front of some business, but who is not really responsible; MAN OF THE WORLD, a person well accustomed to the ways and dealings of men. [A.S. _mann_; Ger. _mann_, Dut. _man_, L. _mas_--_mans_, a male, Sans. _manu_, a man.]

MANACLE, man'a-kl, _n._ a handcuff.--_v.t._ to put manacles on: to restrain the use of the limbs or any of the natural powers. [Through O. Fr., from L. _manicula_, dim. of _manica_, sleeve--_manus_, hand.]

MANAGE, man'[=a]j, _v.t._ to guide by use of the hands: to have under command or control: to bring round to one's plans: to conduct with great carefulness: to wield: to handle: to contrive: to train by exercise, as a horse.--_v.i._ to conduct affairs.--_n._ MANAGEABIL'ITY, the quality of being manageable.--_adj._ MAN'AGEABLE, that can be managed: governable.--_n._ MAN'AGEABLENESS.--_adv._ MAN'AGEABLY.--_ns._ MAN'AGEMENT, art or act of managing: manner of directing or of using anything: administration: skilful treatment: a body of managers; MAN'AGER, one who manages: a person who controls a business or other concern.--_adj._ MANAG[=E]'RIAL, of or pertaining to a manager, or to management. [Fr. _manége_, the managing of a horse--It. _maneggio_--L. _manus_, the hand.]

MANAKIN, man'a-kin, _n._ a small tropical American piproid bird: a variant form of _manikin_.

MANATEE, man-a-t[=e]', _n._ an aquatic animal--also called the _Sea-cow_ or _Dugong_ (q.v.).

MANCHE, manch, _n._ (_her._) a sleeve: the neck of a violin, &c. [Fr.]

MANCHESTER GOODS, man'ches-t[.e]r goods, _n.pl._ goods or articles made in _Manchester_, esp. cotton and woollen cloths: similar goods made elsewhere.

MANCHET, man'chet, _n._ (_Tenn._) a small loaf or cake of fine white bread. [Ety. dub.]

MANCHETTE, man-shet', _n._ an ornamental cuff.

MANCHINEEL, manch-i-n[=e]l', _n._ a West Indian tree, remarkable for the poisonous qualities of its juice, and having a fruit resembling a small apple. [Sp. _manzanillo_, a small apple.]

MANCHU, MANCHOO, man-ch[=oo]', _n._ one of the race from which Manchuria took its name, and which governed China in the 17th century.--_adj._ of or pertaining to Manchuria or to its inhabitants. [Chin., meaning 'pure.']

MANCIPATION, man-si-p[=a]'shun, _n._ in ancient Rome, a legal formality for acquiring title to property by actual or by simulated purchase.--_v.t._ MAN'CIPATE.--_adj._ MAN'CIPATORY.

MANCIPLE, man'si-pl, _n._ a steward: a purveyor, particularly of a college or an inn of court. [O. Fr.,--L. _manceps_, a purchaser--_manus_, hand, _cap[)e]re_, take.]

MANDÆAN, man-d[=e]'an, _n._ and _adj._ one of an ancient and still surviving sect in southern Babylonia, their religion a corrupt Gnosticism, with many Jewish and Parsee elements.--Also _Mendaites_, _Nasoreans_, and _Sabians_, and also _Christians of St John_. [Mandæan _mand[=a]_, knowledge, gnosis.]

MANDAMUS, man-d[=a]'mus, _n._ a writ or command issued by a higher court to a lower. [L., 'we command'--_mand[=a]re_, to command.]

MANDARIN, man-da-r[=e]n', _n._ a European name for a Chinese official, civil or military: a small kind of orange, thought to be of Chinese origin.---_n._ MANDAR[=I]'NATE. [Port, _mandarim_--Malayan _mantrí_, counsellor--Sans. _mantra_, counsel.]

MANDATE, man'd[=a]t, _n._ a charge: a command from a superior official or judge to an inferior, ordering him how to act, esp. from the Pope to a legate, &c.: a right given to a person to act in name of another: a rescript of the Pope.--_ns._ MAN'DATARY, MAN'DATORY, one to whom a mandate is given by a Man'dator.--_adj._ MAN'DATORY, containing a mandate or command; preceptive: directory. [Fr. _mandat_--L. _mand[=a]tum_, _mand[=a]re_--_manus_, hand, _d[)a]re_, give.]

MANDIBLE, man'di-bl, _n._ a jaw-bone, esp. that of the lower jaw.--_adjs._ MANDIB'ULAR, relating to the jaw; MANDIB'UL[=A]TE, -D, having mandibles for biting, like many insects. [L. _mandibula_--_mand[)e]re_, chew.]

MANDOLINE, MANDOLIN, man'do-lin, _n._ a musical instrument somewhat like a lute, having strings, finger-board, and neck like a guitar.--_n._ MAND[=O]'LA, a large mandoline. [Fr.,--It. _mandola_, _mandora_, a lute.]

MANDORLA, man-dor'la, _n._ an oval panel, or a work of art filling such: the _vesica piscis_. [It.]

MANDRAKE, man'dr[=a]k, _n._ a plant of the genus _Mandragora_, with narcotic properties, once regarded as an aphrodisiac, shrieking when pulled out of the ground.--MANDRAG'ORA (_Shak._). [L.,--Gr. _mandragoras_.]

MANDREL, man'drel, _n._ a bar of iron fitted to a turning-lathe on which articles to be turned are fixed: the axle of a circular saw.--Also MAN'DRIL. [Fr. _mandrin_; prob. through Low L. from Gr. _mandra_.]

MANDRILL, man'dril, _n._ a large kind of baboon, a native of Western Africa. [Fr.]

MANDUCATE, man'd[=u]-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to chew or eat.--_adj._ MAN'DUCABLE.--_n._ MANDUC[=A]'TION.--_adj._ MAN'DUCATORY. [L. _manduc[=a]re_--_mand[)e]re_, to chew.]

MANE, m[=a]n, _n._ the long hair flowing from the neck of some quadrupeds, as the horse and the lion.--_adjs._ MANED, having a mane; MANE'LESS, without a mane; MANE'-LIKE (_Tenn._), like a mane: hanging in the form of a mane.--_n._ MANE'-SHEET, a covering for the upper part of a horse's head. [A.S. _manu_; Ice. _mön_; Ger. _mähne_.]

MANÈGE, man-[=a]zh', _n._ the managing of horses: the art of horsemanship or of training horses: a riding-school.--_v.t._ to train, as a horse. [Fr.; cf. _manage_.]

MANEH, m[=a]'ne, _n._ a Hebrew weight of uncertain value. See MINA. [Heb.]

MANEQUIN. Same as MANIKIN.

MANES, m[=a]'n[=e]z, _n._ (_Roman myth._) the benevolent or tutelary spirits of departed persons: the lower world, as being the abode of the manes. [L.]

MANET, m[=a]'net, he remains, a stage direction. [L. 3d sing. pres. ind. of _man[=e]re_, to remain.]

MANGA, man'ga, _n._ a covering for a cross.

MANGABEY, mang'ga-b[=a], _n._ a slender and agile African monkey.

MANGAL, man'gal, _n._ a Turkish brazier for charcoal.

MANGANESE, mang-ga-n[=e]z', or mang'ga-n[=e]z, _n._ a hard and brittle metal of a grayish-white colour, somewhat like iron.--_adjs._ MANGAN[=E]'SIAN, MANGAN[=E]'SIC, MANGAN'IC, MANG'ANOUS; MANGANIF'EROUS.--_n._ MANG'ANITE, gray ore of manganese, used in glass manufacture. [O. Fr. _manganese_, a material used in making glass, prob. from It. and cog. with _magnesia_.]

MANGE, m[=a]nj, _n._ the scab or itch which eats the skin of domestic animals. [From adj. _mangy_.]

MANGEL-WURZEL, mang'gl-wur'zl, _n._ a plant of the beet kind cultivated as food for cattle.--Also MANG'OLD-WUR'ZEL. [Ger. _mangold_, beet, _wurzel_, root.]

MANGER, m[=a]nj'[.e]r, _n._ a trough in which food is laid for horses and cattle.--DOG IN THE MANGER, one who will neither enjoy something himself nor let others do so--also adjectively. [O. Fr. _mangeoire_--_mangier_, to eat--L. _manducus_, a glutton--_mand[)e]re_, to chew.]

MANGLE, mang'gl, _v.t._ to cut and bruise: to tear in cutting: to mutilate: to take by piecemeal.--_n._ MANG'LER. [Skeat suggests a freq. form of O. Fr. _mahaigner_, to maim--_mehaing_, a hurt.]

MANGLE, mang'gl, _n._ a rolling-press for smoothing linen.--_v.t._ to smooth with a mangle: to calender.--_n._ MANG'LER. [Dut. _mangelen_, to roll with a rolling-pin, through Low L., from Gr. _manganon_, the axis of a pulley.]

MANGO, mang'g[=o], _n._ the fruit of the mango-tree of the East Indies: a green musk-melon pickled. [Malay _mañgg[=a]_.]

MANGONEL, mang'go-nel, _n._ an engine used before the invention of cannon for throwing stones, &c. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _mangonellus_--Gr. _manganon_, a machine for throwing stones.]

MANGOSTAN, mang'go-stan, MANGOSTEEN, mang'go-st[=e]n, _n._ an East Indian tree, and its fruit, which is of a most delicious taste. [Malay.]

MANGROVE, man'gr[=o]v, _n._ a tree which grows on muddy shores and river-banks in the East and West Indies. [Malayan.]

MANGY, m[=a]nj'i, _adj._ scabby.--_n._ MANG'INESS. [Anglicised form of Fr. _mangé_, eaten, pa.p. of _manger_, to eat--L. _manduc[=a]re_, to chew.]

MANIA, m[=a]'ni-a, _n._ violent madness: insanity: excessive or unreasonable desire.--_n._ M[=A]'NIAC, a person affected with mania: a madman.--_adj._ raving mad.--_adj._ MANIACAL (ma-n[=i]'a-kal).--_adv._ MAN[=I]'ACALLY. [L.,--Gr. _mania_; cf. _menos_, mind.]

MANICATE, man'i-k[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) covered with hairs so matted or interwoven as to be easily stripped off. [L. _manic[=a]tus_, sleeved--_manicæ_, long sleeves.]

MANICHÆAN, MANICHEAN, man-i-k[=e]'an, _adj._ pertaining to the _Manichees_ or followers of _Mani_, a native of Ecbatana (215-276 A.D.), who taught that everything sprang from two chief principles, light and darkness, or good and evil.--_n._ a believer in Manichæanism--also MAN'ICHEE.--_ns._ MANICHÆ'ANISM, MANICH[=E]'ISM, the doctrines of the Manichæans.

MANICURE, man'i-k[=u]r, _n._ the care of hands and nails: one who practises this.--_v.t._ to treat the hands and nails. [L. _manus_, hand, _cura_, care.]

MANIFEST, man'i-fest, _adj._ that may be easily seen by the eye or perceived by the mind: clear: apparent: evident.--_v.t._ to make clear or easily seen: to show plainly: to put beyond doubt: to reveal or declare.--_n._ an open or public statement: a list or invoice of a ship's cargo to be exhibited at the custom-house.--_adjs._ MANIFEST'ABLE, MANIFEST'IBLE, that can be manifested or clearly shown.--_n._ MANIFEST[=A]'TION, act of disclosing what is dark or secret: that by which something is manifested or shown: display: revelation.--_adv._ MAN'IFESTLY.--_n._ MAN'IFESTNESS, state of being manifest. [Fr.,--L. _manifestus_--_manus_, the hand, _-festus_, _pa.p._ of obs. _fend[)e]re_, to dash against.]

MANIFESTO, man-i-fest'[=o], _n._ a public written declaration of the intentions, opinions, or motives of a sovereign or of a leader of a party.--_v.i._ (_rare_) to issue a manifesto. [It.,--L.; see MANIFEST.]

MANIFOLD, man'i-f[=o]ld, _adj._ various in kind or quality: many in number: multiplied.--_adj._ MAN'IFOLDED (_Spens._), having many folds or complications.--_adv._ MAN'IFOLDLY.--_n._ MAN'IFOLDNESS.

MANIFORM, man'i-form, _adj._ having the shape or form of a hand. [L. _manus_, the hand, _forma_, a shape.]

MANIGRAPH, man'i-graf, _n._ a device for multiplying copies of writings or drawings.

MANIHOT, man'i-hot, _n._ a genus of tropical American, mainly Brazilian, herbs of the spurge family--two species yielding the bitter and the sweet cassava respectively.

MANIKIN, man'i-kin, _n._ a dwarf: a pasteboard model exhibiting the different parts and organs of the human body. [Old Dut. _mann-ek-en_, a double dim. of _man_, Eng. _man_.]

MANILA, MANILLA, ma-nil'a, _n._ a cheroot manufactured in _Manila_, in the Philippine Islands.

MANILLA, ma-nil'a, _n._ a ring worn as an ornament on the arm or leg, or used as money among the tribes of West Africa.--Also M[=A]'NILIO, MANILLE'. [Low L. _manilia_, a bracelet--L. _manus_, the hand.]

MANILLE, ma-nil', _n._ in ombre and quadrille, the highest card but one. [Fr.]

MANIOC, m[=a]'ni-ok, _n._ a tropical plant from which cassava and tapioca are obtained.--Also written MAN'DIOC, M[=A]'NIHOC, M[=A]'NIHOT. [Sp. _mandioca_--Brazilian.]

MANIPLE, man'i-pl, _n._ a company of foot-soldiers in the Roman army: in the Western Church, a eucharistic vestment, a narrow strip worn on the left arm.--_adj._ MANIP'ULAR, of or pertaining to a maniple: pertaining to handling or manipulation. [L. _manipulus_--_manus_, the hand, _pl[=e]re_, to fill.]

MANIPULATE, ma-nip'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to work with the hands.--_v.i._ to use the hands, esp. in scientific experiments: to handle or manage: to give a false appearance to: to turn to one's own purpose or advantage.--_n._ MANIPUL[=A]'TION, act of manipulating or working by hand: use of the hands in a skilful manner in science or in art.--_adjs._ MANIP'ULATIVE, MANIP'ULATORY, done by manipulation.--_n._ MANIP'ULATOR, one who manipulates or works with the hand. [Low L. _manipul[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_. See MANIPLE.]

MANIS, m[=a]'nis, _n._ the pangolin or scaly ant-eater.

MANITO, man'i-t[=o], _n._ a spirit or other object of reverence among some of the American Indians.--Also MANITOU. [Algonkin.]

MANNA, man'a, _n._ the food supplied to the Israelites in the wilderness of Arabia: delicious food for body or mind: a sweet juice or gum got from many trees, as the ash of Sicily.--_adj._ MANNIF'EROUS. [Heb. _m[=a]n h[=u]_, what is it? or from _man_, a gift.]

MANNER, man'[.e]r, _n._ the way in which anything is done: method: fashion: personal style of acting or bearing one's self: habit: custom: style of writing or of thought: sort: style: (_pl._) morals: good behaviour: character: respectful deportment.--_adj._ MANN'ERED, having manners (esp. in compounds, as well- or ill-mannered): affected with mannerism: artificial: stilted.--_ns._ MANN'ERISM, a constant sameness of manner: a marked peculiarity of style or manner, esp. in literary composition: manner or style becoming wearisome by its sameness; MANN'ERIST, one addicted to mannerism.--_adj._ MANNERIS'TIC.--_adv._ MANNERIS'TICALLY.--_n._ MANN'ERLINESS.--_adj._ MANN'ERLY, showing good manners: well-behaved: complaisant: not rude.--_adv._ with good manners: civilly: respectfully: without rudeness.--BY NO MANNER OF MEANS, under no circumstances whatever; IN A MANNER, to a certain degree; IN, or WITH, THE MANNER (_B._), in the very act; MAKE ONE'S MANNERS, to salute a person on meeting by a bow, courtesy, &c.; SHARK'S MANNERS, rapacity; TO THE MANNER BORN, accustomed to something from birth. [Fr. _manière_--_main_--L. _manus_, the hand.]

MANNING, man'ing, _n._ the act of supplying with men.

MANNITE, man'[=i]t, _n._ a sweetish crystalline compound found in celery, sea-grasses, the dried sap of the flowering ash, &c.

MANOEUVRE, ma-n[=oo]'v[.e]r, or ma-n[=u]'-, _n._ a piece of dexterous management: stratagem: a skilful and clever movement in military or naval tactics.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ to perform a manoeuvre: to manage with art: to change the position of troops or of ships: to affect or to gain by manoeuvres.--_n._ MANOEU'VRER. [Fr.,--Low L. _manuopera_--L. _manu_, by hand, _opera_, work. Cf. _manure_.]

MANOMETER, man-om'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the rarity or density of gases from their elastic force--also MAN'OSCOPE.--_adjs._ MANOMET'RIC, -AL.--_n._ MANOS'COPY. [Gr. _manos_, rare, _metron_, measure.]

MANOR, man'or, _n._ the land belonging to a nobleman, or so much as he formerly kept for his own use: the district over which the court of the lord of the manor had authority: a tract of land in America for which a fee-farm rent was paid.--_ns._ MAN'OR-HOUSE, -SEAT, the house or seat belonging to a manor.--_adj._ MAN[=O]'RIAL, pertaining to a manor. [O. Fr. _manoir_--L. _man[=e]re_, _mansum_, to stay.]

MANQUÉ, mang'k[=a], _adj._ spoiled: defective: off: lost: missed. [Fr.]

MANSARD-ROOF, man'sard-r[=oo]f, _n._ a form of roof having a break in the slope, the lower part being steeper than the upper, so called from the architect, François _Mansart_ (1598-1666).

MANSE, mans, _n._ the residence of a clergyman, esp. of Presbyterians in Scotland. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _mansa_, a farm--_man[=e]re_, _mansus_, to remain.]

MANSION, man'shun, _n._ a house, esp. one of some size: a manor-house: the dwelling of a nobleman or a landholder: (_B._) a resting-place.--_ns._ MAN'SION-HOUSE, a mansion: the official residence of the Lord Mayor of London; MAN'SIONRY (_Shak._), a mansion, place of residence. [O. Fr.,--L. _mansion-em_--_man[=e]re_, _mansus_, to remain.]

MANSUETUDE, man'swe-t[=u]d, _n._ gentleness: tameness: mildness.--_adj._ MAN'SUETE (_rare_), mild. [Fr.,--L. _mansuetudo_, mildness.]

MANSWORN, man'sworn, _p.adj._ (_obs._) perjured. [A.S. _manswérian_, to swear falsely.]

MANTEL, man'tl, _n._ the ornamental shelf over a fireplace.--Also MAN'TEL-PIECE, MAN'TEL-SHELF.

MANTIC, man'tik, _adj._ relating to divination: prophetic. [Gr. _mantikos_--_mantis_, a prophet.]

MANTICORE, man'ti-k[=o]r, _n._ a fabulous beast of prey with a human head. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _mantich[=o]ras_.]

MANTILLA, man-til'a, _n._ a small mantle: a kind of veil covering the head and falling down upon the shoulders. [Sp.; cf. _mantle_.]

MANTIS, man'tis, _n._ a genus of orthopterous insects somewhat like locusts, carrying their large spinous forelegs in the attitude of prayer. [Gr. _mantis_.]

MANTLE, man'tl, _n._ a covering: a cloak or loose outer garment: spirit: (_zool._) the thin fleshy membrane lining a mollusc's shell: a conical wire-network covered with some highly refractory earth that becomes luminous under a flame.--_v.t._ to cover: to disguise.--_v.i._ to spread like a mantle: to revel: to joy: to froth: to rush to the face and impart a crimson glow, as blood.--_ns._ MAN'TLET, MAN'TELET, a small cloak for women: (_fort._) a movable shield or screen to protect an attacking force, or gunners while serving their guns; MAN'TLING, cloth suitable for mantles: (_her._) the representation of a mantle, or the drapery of a coat-of-arms. [O. Fr. _mantel_ (Fr. _manteau_)--L. _mantellum_, a napkin.]

MANTOLOGY, man-tol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the act or art of divination.--n. MANTOL'OGIST.

MANTON, man'tun, _n._ a shawl or wrap. [Sp.,--_manta_, a cloak. Same root as _mantle_.]

MANTRA, man'tra, _n._ a Vedic hymn of praise: the matter of the Sanhita or first division of the Veda: a sacred text used as an incantation. [Sans., 'thought.']

MANTUA, man't[=u]-a, _n._ a lady's cloak or mantle: a lady's gown--(_Scot._) MANT'Y.--_n._ MAN'TUA-MAK'ER, a maker of ladies' gowns and dresses. [Prob. arose through confusion of _manteau_ (It. _manto_) with _Mantua_, in Italy.]

MANTUAN, man't[=u]-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to _Mantua_ in Italy, or to the poet Virgil or his works.--_n._ a native of Mantua, esp. Virgil.

MANUAL, man'[=u]-al, _adj._ pertaining to the hand: done, made, or used by the hand.--_n._ drill in the use of weapons, &c.: a handbook: a handy compendium of a large subject or treatise: the key-board of an organ, &c.: an old office-book like the modern R.C. _ritual_.--_adv._ MAN'UALLY.--MANUAL ALPHABET, the letters made by the deaf and dumb with the hand in conversation; MANUAL EXERCISE, the exercise by which soldiers are made to handle their arms. [L. _manualis_--_manus_, the hand.]

MANUBRIUM, m[=a]-n[=u]'bri-um, _n._ the presternum of most mammals: in organ-building, a stop-knob or handle.--_adj._ MAN[=U]'BRI[=A]TED. [L., 'a handle.']

MANUFACTURE, man-[=u]-fakt'[=u]r, _v.t._ to make from raw materials by any means into a form suitable for use.--_v.i._ to be occupied in manufactures.--_n._ the process of manufacturing: anything manufactured.--_n._ MANUFACT'ORY, a factory or place where goods are manufactured.--_adj._ MANUFACT'URAL.--_n._ MANUFACT'URER, one who manufactures.--_p.adj._ MANUFACT'URING, pertaining to manufactures. [Fr.,--L. _manus_, the hand, _factura_, a making, from _fac[)e]re_, _factum_, to make.]

MANUMIT, man-[=u]-mit', _v.t._ to release from slavery: to set free, as a slave:--_pr.p._ man[=u]mit'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ man[=u]mit'ted.--_n._ MANUMISS'ION, act of manumitting or setting free from slavery. [L. _manumitt[)e]re_--_manus_, the hand, _mitt[)e]re_, _missum_, to send.]

MANUMOTOR, man-[=u]-m[=o]'tor, _n._ a small wheel-carriage moved by the hand of the person in it.--_adj._ MANUM[=O]'TIVE. [L. _manus_, hand, _motor_, a mover.]

MANURE, man-[=u]r', _v.t._ to enrich land with any fertilising substance.--_n._ any substance applied to land to make it more fruitful.--_ns._ MANUR'ANCE (_Spens._), cultivation; MANUR'ER.--_adj._ MAN[=U]'RIAL.--_n._ MANUR'ING, a dressing or spreading of manure on land. [Contr. of Fr. _manoeuvrer_. See MANOEUVRE.]

MANUS, m[=a]'nus, _n._ the hand, the corresponding part of an animal's fore-limb.

MANUSCRIPT, man'[=u]-skript, _adj._ written by the hand: not printed.--_n._ a book or paper written by the hand.--_adj._ MANUSCRIPT'AL. [L. _manus_, the hand, _scrib[)e]re_, _scriptum_, to write.]

MANX, mangks, _n._ the language of the Isle of _Man_, belonging to the Gadhelic branch of Celtic.--_adj._ pertaining to the Isle of Man or to its inhabitants.

MANY, men'i, _adj._ consisting of a great number of individuals: not few: numerous:--_comp._ MORE (m[=o]r); _superl._ MOST (m[=o]st).--_n._ many persons: a great number: (with def. art.) the people.--_adj._ MAN'Y-SID'ED, having many qualities or aspects: not narrow-minded.--_n._ MAN'Y-SID'EDNESS.--THE MANY, the crowd. [A.S. _manig_.]

MANYPLIES, men'i-pl[=i]z, _n.sing._ and _pl._ the third stomach of a ruminant--the _omasum_ or _psalterium_.--Also MAN'IPLIES and MON'YPLIES.

MANZANILLA, man-za-nil'a, _n._ a very dry and light kind of sherry, esp. that produced in the district of San Lucar de Barrameda in Spain. [Prob. from the town near Seville.]

MAORI, mow'ri, or mä'[=o]-ri, _n._ a native of New Zealand:--_pl._ MAO'RIS. [A New Zealand word signifying native or indigenous.]

MAORMOR, mär'm[=o]r, _n._ a royal steward in ancient Scotland. [Gael., _maor_, _maer_, steward, _mor_, great.]

MAP, map, _n._ a representation of the surface of the earth, or of part of it on a plane surface: a similar drawing of the stars in the sky.--_v.t._ to draw in the form of a map, as the figure of any portion of land: to describe clearly:--_pr.p._ map'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ mapped.--_ns._ MAP'-MEAS'URER, an instrument for measuring distances other than in straight lines on a map; MAP'-MOUNT'ER, one who mounts maps, or backs them with canvas and fixes them on rollers, &c.; MAP'PERY (_Shak_.), the art of planning and designing maps; MAP'PIST.--MAP OUT, to mark down the chief points clearly. [L. _mappa_, a napkin, a painted cloth, orig. Punic.]

MAPLE, m[=a]'pl, _n._ a tree of several species, from one of which, the rock-maple, sugar is made.--_adj._ of or pertaining to maple. [A.S. _mapul_, maple.]

MAQUI, m[=a]'kwi, _n._ an evergreen shrub, native of Chili, producing a berry yielding wine.

MAR, mär, _v.t._ to injure by wounding or by cutting off a part: to damage: to interrupt: to disfigure:--_pr.p._ mar'ring; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ marred. [A.S. _merran_, _mirran_; cf. Dut. _marren_, to retard.]

MARABOU, mar'a-b[=oo], _n._ a species of Indian stork, the feathers of which are much used as ornaments by ladies: a very white raw silk.

MARABOUT, mar'a-b[=oo]t, _n._ one of a priestly race of Mohammedans in Northern Africa. [Ar.]

MARAH, m[=a]'ra, _n._ bitterness: something bitter. [Heb.]

MARANATHA, mar-a-n[=a]'tha, or mar-a-nath'a, _n._ See Anathema.

MARASCHINO, mar-as-k[=e]'no, _n._ a liqueur distilled from a species of cherry grown in Dalmatia. [It.,--_marasca_, _amarasca_, a sour cherry--L. _am[=a]rus_, bitter.]

MARASMUS, ma-raz'mus, _n._ a wasting of flesh without apparent disease, a kind of consumption. [Gr. _marasmos_--_marainein_, to decay.]

MARATHI, ma-ra'thi, _n._ the language of the _Mahrattas_.--Also _Mahrat'ti_.

MARAUD, ma-rawd', _v.i._ to rove in quest of plunder.--_n._ MARAUD'ER, one who roves in quest of booty or plunder. [Fr. _maraud_, rogue; prob. O. Fr. _mar-ir_, to wander--Old High Ger. _marrjan_, to hinder.]

MARAVEDI, mar-a-v[=a]'d[=i], _n._ the smallest copper coin of Spain, less than a farthing. [Sp.,--Ar. _Mur[=a]bit[=i]n_, the dynasty of the Almoravides (1086-1147 A.D.).]

MARBLE, mär'bl, _n._ any species of limestone taking a high polish: that which is made of marble, as a work of art: a little ball used by boys in play.--_adj._ made of marble: veined like marble: hard: insensible.--_v.t._ to stain or vein like marble.--_adjs._ MAR'BLE-BREAST'ED, hard-hearted, cruel; MAR'BLE-CON'STANT, constant or firm as marble, immovable.--_n._ MAR'BLE-CUT'TER, one who hews marble: a machine for cutting marble.--_adjs._ MAR'BLE-EDGED, having the edges marbled, as a book; MAR'BLE-HEART'ED, hard-hearted, insensible.--_ns._ MAR'BLE-P[=A]'PER, paper coloured in imitation of variegated marble; MAR'BLER; MAR'BLING, the act of veining or painting in imitation of marble.--_adv._ MAR'BLY, resembling marble, in the manner of marble.--ELGIN MARBLES, a collection of marbles obtained chiefly from the Parthenon by Lord _Elgin_ in 1811, now in the British Museum. [O. Fr. _marbre_--L. _marmor_; cf. Gr. _marmaros_, _marmairein_, to sparkle.]

MARCANDO, mar-kän'do, _adj._ and _adv._ (_mus._) with distinctness or precision.--Also MARCA'TO. [It., _marcare_, to mark.]

MARCASITE, mär'ka-s[=i]t, _n._ an iron ore, a variety of pyrites (q.v.). [Fr.; prob. of Ar. origin.]

MARCESCENT, mar-ses'ent, _adj._ withering, decaying.--_adj._ MARCESC'IBLE, that may wither. [L. _marcescens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _marcesc[)e]re_--_marc[=e]re_, to fade.]

MARCH, märch, _n._ the third month of the year, named from Mars, the god of war. [L. _Martius_ (_mensis_), (the month) of Mars.]

MARCH, märch, _n._ a border: boundary of a territory:--used chiefly in _pl._ MARCH'ES.--_v.i._ to border: to be adjacent.--_ns._ MARCH'MAN, a borderer; MARCH'-TREA'SON, the betrayal of a border or march to an enemy.--RIDING THE MARCHES, a ceremony in which the magistrates and chief men of a city ride on horseback round the bounds of the property of the city, so as to mark plainly what are its limits. [A.S. _mearc_; doublet of _mark_.]

MARCH, märch, _v.i._ to move in order, as soldiers: to walk in a grave or stately manner.--_v.t._ to cause to march.--_n._ the movement of troops: regular advance: a piece of music fitted for marching to: the distance passed over.--MARCH PAST, the march of a body of soldiers in front of one remaining stationary to review them; FORCED MARCH, a march in which the men are vigorously pressed forward for combative or strategic purposes; ROGUE'S MARCH, music played in derision of a person when he is expelled as a soldier, &c. [Fr. _marcher_. Ety. dub.; acc. to Scheler, prob. from L. _marcus_, a hammer (cf. 'to _beat_ time'); others suggest root of _march_, a frontier.]

MÄRCHEN, MÄHRCHEN, märh'hen, _n.sing._ and _pl._ a story or fable, a folk-tale. [Ger.]

MARCHIONESS, mär'shun-es, MARCHESA, mar-ch[=e]'za, _n._ feminine of MARQUIS.

MARCHPANE, märch'p[=a]n, _n._ (_Shak._) a kind of sweet bread or biscuit composed of sugar, almonds, and a small quantity of flour. [Fr. _massepain_, the latter part of the word being from L. _panis_, bread.]

MARCID, mär'sid, _adj._ withered, wasted.

MARCIONITE, mar'shun-[=i]t, _n._ and _adj._ a follower of _Marcion_ of Sinope (died 165 A.D.), who, partly under Gnostic influences, constructed an ethico-dualistic philosophy of religion, with rigorously ascetic practices. He claimed alone to have understood Paul aright, and accepted as authoritative his own version of Luke and ten of Paul's epistles.--_ns._ MAR'CIONIST; MAR'CIONITISM.

MARCOBRUNNER, mär'ko-br[=oo]n-[.e]r, _n._ a remarkably fine white wine, produced in Erbach, near Wiesbaden--from the _Markbrunnen_ fountain hard by.

MARE, m[=a]r, _n._ the female of the horse.--_ns._ MARE'S'-NEST, a supposed discovery which turns out to be a hoax; MARE'S-TAIL, a tall, erect marsh plant of the genus _Hippuris_: (_pl._) long straight fibres of gray cirrus cloud; SHANK'S'-MARE, a person's own legs, as a means of travelling.--THE GRAY MARE IS THE BETTER HORSE, the wife rules her husband. [A.S. _mere_, fem. of _mearh_, a horse; cog. with Ger. _mähre_, Ice. _marr_, W. _march_, a horse.]

MARESCHAL, mär'shal. Same as MARSHAL.

MARGARINE, mär'gar-in, _n._ the solid ingredient of human fat, olive-oil, &c.--so called from its pearly lustre: oleo-margarine or imitation butter (see under OLEIN).--_adj._ MARGAR'IC.--_n._ MAR'GARITE, one of the brittle micas. [L. _margarita_--Gr. _margarit[=e]s_, a pearl.]

MARGAY, mär'g[=a], _n._ a spotted S. American tiger-cat.

MARGIN, mär'jin, _n._ an edge, border: the blank edge on the page of a book: something allowed more than is needed, in case of unforeseen things happening: a sum of money, or its value in securities, deposited with a broker to protect him against loss on transactions made on account: a deposit made by each of two brokers, parties to a contract, when one is 'called up' by the other.--_v.t._ to furnish with margins, enter on the margin.--_ns._ MARGE, MARG'ENT (_poet._), edge, brink.--_adjs._ MARGED; MAR'GINAL, pertaining to a margin: placed in the margin.--_n._ MARGIN[=A]'LIA, notes written on the margin.--_v.t._ MAR'GINALISE, to furnish with notes.--_adv._ MAR'GINALLY.--_adjs._ MAR'GINATE, -D, having a margin; MAR'GINED.--MARGINAL CREDIT, a method by which a merchant at home can render bills drawn upon him abroad saleable there, by associating a well-known banker's name on their margin with his own; MARGINAL NOTES, notes written or printed on the margin of a book or writing. [L. _margo_, _marginis_; cf. _mark_.]

MARGRAVE, mär'gr[=a]v, _n._ a German nobleman of rank equivalent to an English marquis:--_fem._ MARGRAVINE (mär'gra-v[=e]n).--_ns._ MAR'GRAVATE, MARGR[=A]'VIATE, the jurisdiction or dignity of a margrave. [Dut. _markgraaf_ (Ger. _markgraf_)--_mark_, a border, _graaf_, a count; cf. Ger. _graf_, A.S. _geréfa_, Eng. _reeve_ and _she-riff_.]

MARGUERITE, mär'ge-r[=e]t, _n._ the common garden daisy: the ox-eye daisy: the China aster.

MARIAN, m[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ relating to the Virgin _Mary_: to the great Roman general Caius _Marius_: to Queen _Mary_ of England.

MARIGOLD, mar'i-g[=o]ld, _n._ a name applied to several composite plants bearing yellow flowers. [From the Virgin _Mary_ and _gold_.]

MARINE, ma-r[=e]n', _adj._ of or belonging to the sea: done at sea: representing the sea: near the sea.--_n._ a soldier serving on shipboard: the whole navy of a country or state: naval affairs: a sea-piece in painting.--_ns._ MAR'IGRAPH, a self-registering tide-gauge; MARINADE', a liquor or pickle in which fish or meat is steeped before cooking, to improve the flavour.--_v.t._ MAR'INATE, to salt or pickle.--_n._ MAR'INER, a seaman or sailor: one who assists in navigating ships.--MARINE ACID, hydrochloric acid; MARINE BOILER, a boiler fitted for use in steamships; MARINE ENGINE, an engine fitted for use in a steamship; MARINE INSURANCE, insurance of ships or their cargoes when at sea; MARINE SOAP, a kind of coconut-oil soap, adapted for washing with sea-water; MARINE STORE, a place where old ships' materials are bought and sold.--TELL THAT TO THE MARINES, a phrase expressive of disbelief and ridicule, from the sailor's contempt for the marine's ignorance of seamanship. [Fr.,--L. _marinus_--_mare_, sea.]

MARIOLATRY, m[=a]-ri-ol'a-tri, _n._ the undue worship of the Virgin _Mary_--the veneration paid to her is strictly _Hyperdulia_.--_n._ MARIOL'ATER, one who practises mariolatry. [L. _Maria_, Mary, Gr. _latreia_, worship.]

MARIONETTE, mar-i-o-net', _n._ a puppet moved by strings, a puppet-show. [Fr.]

MARIOTTE'S LAW. See LAW.

MARIPUT, mar'i-put, _n._ the African zoril.

MARISCHAL, a Scotch form of _marshal_.

MARISH, mar'ish, _n._ and _adj._ Same as MARSH.

MARIST, m[=a]'rist, _n._ a member of a modern R.C. congregation for teaching.--_adj._ devoted to the service of the Virgin.

MARITAL, mar'i-tal, _adj._ pertaining to a husband: of the nature of a marriage.--_n._ MARIT[=A]'GIUM, in the feudal system, the right of the lord of the fee to dispose of the heiress, later also of the male heir, in marriage. [Fr.,--L. _maritalis_--_maritus_, a husband--_mas_, _maris_, a male.]

MARITIME, mar'i-tim, _adj._ pertaining to the sea: relating to navigation or to naval affairs: situated near the sea: living on the shore, littoral--opp. to _Marine_: having a navy and a naval commerce. [L. _maritimus_--_mare_, sea.]

MARJORAM, mär'jo-ram, _n._ an aromatic plant used as a seasoning in cookery. [Fr. _marjolaine_--Low L. _majoraca_--L. _amaracus_--Gr. _amarakos_.]

MARK, märk, _n._ a visible sign: any object serving as a guide: that by which anything is known: a badge: a trace, impression, proof: any visible effect: symptom: a thing aimed at or striven for: an attainable point: a character made by one who cannot write: any impressed sign or stamp: a physical peculiarity: distinction: a boundary, limit: in medieval times, a tract of common land belonging to a community.--_v.t._ to make a mark on anything: to impress with a sign: to take notice of: to regard.--_v.i._ to take particular notice.--_adj._ MARKED, distinguished: prominent: notorious.--_adv._ MARK'EDLY, noticeably.--_ns._ MARK'ER, one who marks the score at games, as at billiards: a counter used at card-playing, &c.: the soldier who forms the pivot round which a body of soldiers wheels; MARK'ING, act of making a mark: a mark made upon anything; MARK'ING-INK, indelible ink, used for marking clothes; MARK'ING-NUT, the fruit of an East Indian tree of the cashew family, yielding a black juice used in marking cloths; MARK'MAN, one of the community owning a mark; MARKS'MAN, one good at hitting a mark: one who shoots well.--MARK DOWN, set down in writing, put a note of; MARK OUT, to lay out the plan or outlines of anything; MARK TIME, to move the feet alternately in the same manner as in marching, but without changing ground.--A MAN OF MARK, a well-known or famous man; BESIDE THE MARK, not properly referring to the matter in hand; GOD BLESS, or SAVE, THE MARK, or SAVE THE MARK, a phrase expressing ironical astonishment or scorn, from the usage of archery; MAKE ONE'S MARK, to leave a lasting impression: to gain great influence; TOE THE MARK, to stand to one's obligations, facing the consequences; TRADE MARK, a distinctive mark put on goods, &c., to show by whom they were made; UP TO THE MARK, good enough, measured by a certain standard. [A.S. _mearc_, a boundary; Ger. _mark_, Goth. _marka_.]

MARK, märk, _n._ an obsolete English coin=13s. 4d.: a coin of the present German Empire=about one shilling: a silver coin of Hamburg=about 1s. 4d. [A.S. _marc_, another form of the above word.]

MARKET, mär'ket, _n._ a public place for the purposes of buying and selling: the time for the market: sale: rate of sale: value.--_v.i._ to deal at a market: to buy and sell.--_ns._ MARKETABIL'ITY, MAR'KETABLENESS.--_adj._ MAR'KETABLE, fit for the market: saleable.--_ns._ MAR'KET-BELL (_Shak._), a bell to give notice of the time; MAR'KET-CROSS, a cross anciently set up where a market was held; MAR'KET-DAY, the fixed day on which a market is usually held; MAR'KETER; MAR'KET-GAR'DEN, a garden in which fruit and vegetables are grown for market; MAR'KET-GAR'DENER; MAR'KET-HOUSE, a building in which a market is held; MAR'KETING, the act or practice of buying and selling in market; MAR'KET-PLACE, the open space in a town where markets are held; MAR'KET-PRICE, the price at which anything is sold in the market: the current price; MAR'KET-TOWN, a town having the privilege of holding a public market. [Through the O. Fr. (Fr. _marché_, It. _mercato_), from L. _mercatus_, trade, a market--_merx_, merchandise.]

MARL, märl, _n._ a fat earth or clay often used as manure.--_v.t._ to cover with marl.--_adj._ MARL[=A]'CEOUS, having the qualities of marl: like marl.--_n._ MAR'LITE, a variety of marl.--_adjs._ MARLIT'IC; MAR'LY, like marl: abounding in marl.--_n._ MARL'STONE, argillaceous limestone. [O. Fr. _marle_ (Fr. _marne_)--Low L. _margila_, a dim. of L. _marga_, marl.]

MARLINE, mär'lin, _n._ a small rope for winding round a larger one to keep it from being worn by rubbing.--_v.t._ MAR'LINE, MARL, to bind or wind round with marline.--_n._ MAR'LINESPIKE, an iron tool, like a spike, for separating the strands of a rope in splicing. [Dut. _marlijn_, _marling_--_marren_, to bind, _lijn_, a rope--Fr. _ligne_; cf. _moor_ and _line_.]

MARMALADE, mär'ma-l[=a]d, _n._ a jam or preserve generally made of the pulp of oranges, originally of quinces. [Fr., from Port. _marmelada_--_marmelo_, a quince--L. _melim[=e]lum_--Gr. _melim[=e]lon_, a sweet apple--_meli_, honey, _m[=e]lon_, an apple.]

MARMORACEOUS, mar-mo-r[=a]'shus, _adj._ belonging to, or like, marble.--_adjs._ MAR'MORATE, -D, covered with marble: variegated like marble.--_n._ MARMOR[=A]'TION.--_adjs._ MARM[=O]'REAL, MARM[=O]'REAN, belonging to, or like, marble. [L. _marmor_, marble.]

MARMOSE, mar'm[=o]s, _n._ one of several small South American opossums.

MARMOSET, mär'mo-zet, _n._ a small variety of American monkey. [Fr. _marmouset_, a little grotesque figure beside a fountain--L. _marmor_, marble.]

MARMOT, mär'mot, _n._ a rodent animal, about the size of a rabbit, which inhabits the higher parts of the Alps and Pyrenees. [It. _marmotto_--Romansch _murmont_--L. _mus montanus_, mountain-mouse.]

MARONITE, mar'[=o]-n[=i]t, _n._ one of a sect of Christians who live on or around the mountains of Lebanon. [St _Maron_, about 400 A.D., or John _Maron_, a patriarch of the sect in the 7th century.]

MAROON, ma-r[=oo]n', _n._ a brownish crimson. [Fr. _marron_, a chestnut--It. _marrone_, a chestnut.]

MAROON, ma-r[=oo]n', _n._ a fugitive slave living on the mountains, in the West Indies.--_v.t._ to put on shore on a desolate island.--_ns._ MAROON'ER; MAROON'ING. [Fr. _marron_--Sp. _cimarron_, wild--_cima_, a mountain-summit--L. _cyma_--Gr. _kyma_.]

MAROQUIN, mar'o-kwin, _n._ leather prepared from goatskin: morocco leather. [Fr.]

MARPLOT, mär'plot, _n._ one who mars or defeats a plot or design by interference where he has no right.

MARPRELATE, mär-prel'[=a]t, _adj._ pertaining to the series of vigorous pamphlets against prelacy issued in England in 1588-9, in spite of severe repression.

MARQUE, märk, _n._ a license to pass the marches or limits of a country for the purpose of making reprisals: a ship commissioned for making captures.--LETTER-OF-MARQUE (see LETTER). [Fr.]

MARQUEE, mär-k[=e]', _n._ a large field-tent. [For _marquees_, the s being dropped as if a plural, from Fr. _marquise_, acc. to Littré, orig. a marchioness's tent.]

MARQUETRY, märk'et-ri, _n._ work inlaid with pieces of various-coloured wood. [Fr. _marqueterie_--_marqueter_, to inlay--_marque_, a mark.]

MARQUIS, mär'kwis, MARQUESS, mär'kwes, _n._ a title of nobility next below that of a duke, first given in England in 1386:--fem. _Mar'chioness_.--_ns._ MAR'QUIS[=A]TE, the dignity or lordship of a marquis; MARQUISE (mär-k[=e]z'), in France, a marchioness: a style of parasol about 1850. [O. Fr. _markis_ (Fr. _marquis_, It. _marchese_)--Low L. _marchensis_, a prefect of the marches.]

MARRIAGE, mar'ij, _n._ the ceremony by which a man and woman become husband and wife: the union of a man and woman as husband and wife.--_adj._ MARR'IAGEABLE, suitable, or at a proper age, for marriage.--_ns._ MARR'IAGEABLENESS; MARR'IAGE-CON'TRACT, an agreement to be married: an agreement respecting property by persons about to marry.--_n.pl._ MARR'IAGE-F[=A]'VOURS, knots or decorations worn at a marriage.--_n._ MARR'IAGE-SETT'LEMENT, an arrangement of property, &c., before marriage, by which something is secured to the wife or her children, in case of her husband's death. [O. Fr. _mariage_. See MARRY.]

MARROW, mar'[=o], _n._ the soft, fatty matter in the hollow parts of the bones: the pith of certain plants: the essence or best part of anything: the inner meaning or purpose.--_ns._ MARR'OW-BONE, a bone containing marrow: (_pl._) the knees or the bones of the knees; MARR'OWFAT, a rich kind of pea, called also Dutch Admiral pea.--_adjs._ MARR'OWISH, of the nature of, or resembling, marrow; MARR'OWLESS, having no marrow.--_n._ MARR'OW-SQUASH (_U.S._), vegetable marrow.--_adj._ MARR'OWY, full of marrow: strong: forcible: pithy. [A.S. _mearg_; Ger. _mark_.]

MARRY, mar'i, _v.t._ to take for husband or wife: to give in marriage: to unite in matrimony.--_v.i._ to enter into the married state: to take a husband or a wife:--_pr.p._ marr'ying; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ marr'ied. [Fr. _marier_--L. _marit[=a]re_, to marry, _maritus_, a husband--_mas_, _maris_, a male.]

MARRY, mar'i, _interj._ indeed! forsooth! [By _Mary_.]

MARS, märz, _n._ the Roman god of war: the planet next to the earth in the order of distance from the sun. [L. _Mars_, _Martis_.]

MARSALA, mar'sä-la, _n._ a light wine resembling sherry, from _Marsala_ in Sicily.

MARSEILLAISE, mär-se-ly[=a]z', or mär-se-l[=a]z', _n._ the French revolutionary hymn composed by Rouget de Lisle in 1792, sung by the volunteers of _Marseilles_ as they entered Paris, 30th July, and when they marched to the storming of the Tuileries.

MARSH, märsh, _n._ a tract of low wet land: a morass, swamp, or fen.--_adj._ pertaining to wet or boggy places.--_ns._ MARSH'-GAS, fire-damp; MARSH'-HARR'IER, a harrier of genus _Circus_ frequenting marshes; MARSH'INESS; MARSH'-MALL'OW, a species of mallow common in meadows and marshes; MARSH'-MAR'IGOLD, a genus of plants of the _Ranunculus_ order, having large yellow flowers like those of a buttercup.--_adj._ MARSH'Y, pertaining to, or produced in, marshes: abounding in marshes. [A.S. _mersc_, for _mer-isc_, as if 'mere-ish,' full of _meres_. Cf. _mere_, a pool.]

MARSHAL, mär'shal, _n._ an officer charged with the regulation of ceremonies, preservation of order, points of etiquette, &c.: the chief officer who regulated combats in the lists: a pursuivant or harbinger: a herald: in France, an officer of the highest military rank: (_U.S._) the civil officer of a district, corresponding to the sheriff of a county in England.--_v.t._ to arrange in order: to lead, as a herald:--_pr.p._ mar'shalling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ mar'shalled.--_ns._ MAR'SHALLER, one who marshals; MAR'SHALLING, act of arranging in due order; MAR'SHALSEA, till 1842 a prison in Southwark, under the marshal of the royal household; MAR'SHALSHIP, office of marshal. [O. Fr. _mareschal_ (Fr. _maréchal_); from Old High Ger. _marah_, a horse, _schalh_ (Ger. _schalk_), a servant.]

MARSIPOBRANCHIATE, mar-si-po-brang'ki-[=a]t, _adj._ having pursed gills, as lampreys, hags, &c.--Also MAR'SIPOBRANCH.

MARSUPIAL, mär-s[=u]'pi-al, _adj._ carrying young in a pouch.--_n._ a marsupial animal, as the opossum or the kangaroo.--_n._ MARS[=U]'PIUM, a brood-pouch. [L. _marsupium_--Gr. _marsipion_, a pouch.]

MART, märt, _n._ a place of trade. [Contr. of _market_.]

MARTAGON, mär'ta-gon, _n._ the Turk's-cap lily.

MARTEL, mär'tel, _v.t._ (_Spens_.) to hammer, to strike. [Fr. _marteler_, It. _martello_. See MARTELLO.]

MARTELLO, mar-tel'o, _n._ a circular fort erected to protect a coast. [It. _martello_, a hammer--L. _martulus_, _marculus_, dim. of _marcus_, a hammer; or from _Mortella_ Point in Corsica, where a tower of this kind withstood an English cannonade in 1794.]

MARTEN, mär'ten, _n._ a destructive kind of weasel valued for its fur. [Fr. _martre_, also _marte_--Low L. _marturis_, from a Teut. root seen in Ger. _marder_, and A.S. _mearð_, a marten.]

MAR-TEXT, mär'-tekst, _n._ an ignorant preacher.

MARTIAL, mär'shal, _adj._ belonging to Mars, the god of war, or to the planet Mars: of or belonging to war, or to the army and navy: warlike: brave.--_ns._ MAR'TIALISM; MAR'TIALIST.--_adv._ MAR'TIALLY.--MARTIAL LAW, law enforced during a state of war for the proper government of armies, and for the punishment of those who break the laws of war. [Fr.,--L. _martialis_--_Mars_, _Martis_.]

MARTIN, mär'tin, _n._ a bird of the swallow kind.--Also MAR'TINET. [The name _Martin_; cf. _robin_, &c.]

MARTINET, mär'tin-et, _n._ a strict disciplinarian.--_n._ MARTINET'ISM. [From _Martinet_, a very strict officer in the army of Louis XIV. of France.]

MARTINGALE, mär'tin-g[=a]l, _n._ a strap passing between a horse's forelegs, fastened to the girth and to the bit, to keep his head down: in ships, a short spar under the bowsprit.--Also MAR'TINGAL. [Fr., from a kind of breeches worn at _Martigues_ in Provence.]

MARTINMAS, mär'tin-mas, _n._ the mass or feast of St _Martin_: 11th Nov., a term-day in Scotland.

MARTLET, märt'let, _n._ the martin, the name of a bird: (_her._) a martin or swallow without feet, used as a bearing, a crest, or a mark of cadency to designate the fourth son. [From Fr. _martinet_, dim. of _martin_.]

MARTYR, mär't[.e]r, _n._ one who by his death bears witness to the truth: one who suffers for his belief: one who suffers greatly from any cause.--_v.t._ to put to death for one's belief.--_n._ MAR'TYRDOM, state of being a martyr: the sufferings or death of a martyr: torment generally.--_v.t._ MAR'TYRISE (_Browning_), to offer as a sacrifice: to cause to suffer martyrdom.--_adj._ MARTYROLOG'ICAL.--_ns._ MARTYROL'OGIST; MARTYROL'OGY, a history of martyrs: a discourse on martyrdom. [A.S.,--L.,--Gr., a witness.]

MARVEL, mär'vel, _n._ a wonder: anything astonishing or wonderful: astonishment.--_v.i._ to wonder: to feel astonishment:--_pr.p._ mar'velling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ mar'velled.--_adj._ MAR'VELLOUS, astonishing: almost or altogether beyond belief: improbable.--_adv._ MAR'VELLOUSLY.--_n._ MAR'VELLOUSNESS. [Fr. _merveille_--L. _mirabilis_, wonderful--_mir[=a]ri_, to wonder.]

MARYBUD, m[=a]'ri-bud, _n._ the marigold.

MASCLE, mas'kl, _n._ (_her._) a bearing, lozenge-shaped and perforated: a plate of steel in the form of a lozenge, used in making scale-armour.--_adjs._ MAS'CLED, MASCULE', MAS'CULY. [Fr. _macle_--L. _macula_, the mesh of a net.]

MASCOT, mas'kot, _n._ a luck-penny or talisman: a person whose presence brings good luck. [Fr. _mascotte_.]

MASCULINE, mas'k[=u]-lin, _adj._ of the male sex: having the qualities of a man: resembling a man, or suitable to a man: robust: of a woman, bold, forward, unwomanly: denoting nouns which are names of males.--_n._ (_gram._) the masculine gender.--_adv._ MAS'CULINELY.--_ns._ MAS'CULINENESS, MASCULIN'ITY. [Fr.,--L. _masculinus_--_masculus_, male--_mas_, a male.]

MASH, mash, _v.t._ to beat into a mixed mass: to bruise: in brewing, to mix malt and hot water together.--_v.i._ to act violently.--_n._ a mixture of ingredients beaten or stirred together, as of bran, meal, &c., or bran and boiled turnips, &c., for feeding cattle or horses: in brewing, a mixture of crushed malt and hot water.--_ns._ MASH'ING; MASH'-TUB, MASH'ING-TUB, a tub in which the mash in breweries is mixed.--_adj._ MASH'Y, produced by mashing; of the nature of a mash. [The noun is older than the verb, and seems to be connected with _mix_ (A.S. _miscian_); cf. _Mish-mash_.]

MASHER, mash'[.e]r, _n._ a fellow who dresses showily to attract the attention of silly young women, a fop.--_v.t._ MASH, to gain the affections of one of the opposite sex, to treat as a sweetheart.--BE MASHED ON (_slang_), to be struck with love for another.

MASHIE, MASHY, mash'i, _n._ a kind of golf-club.

MASJID, mas'jid, _n._ a Mohammedan mosque.

MASK, MASQUE, mask, _n._ anything disguising or concealing the face: anything that disguises: a pretence: a masquerade: a former kind of dramatic spectacle, in which actors personified mythological deities, shepherdesses, &c.: a representation or impression of a face in any material, as in marble, plaster, &c.: a fox's head.--_v.t._ to cover the face with a mask: to hide.--_v.i._ to join in a mask or masquerade: to be disguised in any way: to revel.--_n._ MAS'CARON (_archit._), a grotesque face on door-knockers, spouts, &c.--_adj._ MASKED, wearing a mask, concealed.--_ns._ MASKED'-BALL, a ball in which the dancers wear masks; MASK'ER, one who wears a mask.--MASKED BATTERY (see BATTERY). [Fr. _masque_--Sp. _mascara_--Ar. _maskharat_, a jester, man in masquerade.]

MASK, mask, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to steep, infuse.--_v.i._ to be infusing. [A form of _mash_.]

MASLIN, mas'lin, _n._ mixed grain, esp. rye and wheat.--Also MASH'LIN, MASH'LIM, MASH'LUM.

MASON, m[=a]'sn, _n._ one who cuts, prepares, and lays stones: a builder in stone: a member of the society of freemasons.--_v.t._ to build.--_adjs._ MASON'IC, relating to freemasonry; M[=A]'SONRIED, constructed of masonry.--_n._ M[=A]'SONRY, the skill or practice of a mason: the work of a mason: the art of building in stone: freemasonry.--_adj._ consisting of mason-work.--_n._ MAS'TER-M[=A]'SON (see under MASTER). [O. Fr. _masson_ (Fr. _maçon_)--Low L. _macion-em_; prob. Teut.; cf. Mid. High Ger. _mezzo_, a mason, whence _steinmetz_, a stone-mason, cog. with Old High Ger. _meizan_, to hew, whence Ger. _meissel_, a chisel.]

MASOOLAH-BOAT, ma-s[=oo]'la-b[=o]t, _n._ a high many-oared East Indian surf-boat.--Also MASU'LA-BOAT.

MASQUE. See MASK.

MASQUERADE, mask-[.e]r-[=a]d', _n._ an assembly of persons wearing masks, generally at a ball: disguise.--_v.i._ to wear a mask: to join in a masquerade: to go in disguise.--_n._ MASQUERAD'ER, a person wearing a mask: a person or thing disguised in any manner. [Fr. _mascarade_. See MASK.]

MASS, mas, _n._ a lump of matter: a quantity: a collected body: the main body: magnitude: the principal part or main body: quantity of matter in any body, weight being proportional to mass: (_pl._) the lower classes of the people.--_v.t._ to form into a mass: to bring together in masses.--_v.i._ to assemble in masses.--_adj._ MASS'IVE, bulky: weighty: not separated into parts or elements: without crystalline form, geologically homogeneous.--_adv._ MASS'IVELY.--_ns._ MASS'IVENESS, MASS'INESS; MASS'-MEETING, a public meeting of persons of all classes to discuss some matter of general interest.--_adj._ MASS'Y, massive, made up of masses. [Fr. _masse_--L. _massa_--Gr. _maza_--_massein_, to squeeze together.]

MASS, mas, _n._ the celebration of the Lord's Supper or Eucharist in R.C. churches, also the office for the same: a musical setting of certain parts of the R.C. liturgy: a church festival or feast-day, as in _Candlemas_, _Christmas_, _Martinmas_, &c.--_ns._ MASS'-BELL, or _Sacring-bell_, a bell rung during the celebration of mass, at the elevation of the host; MASS'-BOOK, the R.C. missal or service-book; MASS'-PRIEST, formerly a R.C. secular priest, as distinct from those living under a rule--later, a priest retained in chantries, &c., to say masses for the dead: a R.C. priest generally.--MASS FOR THE DEAD, a funeral mass for the faithful in Christ, to hasten their release from purgatory; CONVENTUAL MASS, a mass for the general community of a religious house: a mass at which special remembrance is made of pious founders and benefactors; DRY MASS, or SERVICE, a rite in which there is neither consecration nor communion; HIGH MASS, a mass celebrated with music, ritual, ceremonies, and incense; LOW MASS, the ordinary mass celebrated without music and incense; MIDNIGHT MASS, that mass which is said at midnight on Christmas-eve; PRIVATE MASS, any mass where only the priest communicates, esp. in a private oratory; SOLEMN MASS, a mass resembling a high mass, but without some of its special ceremonies; VOTIVE MASS, a special mass over and above those ordinarily said for the day, for some particular grace or purpose, and provided by some individual. [A.S. _mæsse_--Low L. _missa_--L. _missus_, _mitt[)e]re_, to send away, from the phrase at the close of service, _Ite, missa est (ecclesia)_, 'Go, the congregation is dismissed.']

MASSA, mas'ä, _n._ a negro corruption of _master_.

MASSACRE, mas'a-k[.e]r, _n._ indiscriminate slaughter, esp. with cruelty: carnage.--_v.t._ to kill with violence and cruelty: to slaughter. [Fr.; from the Teut., as in Low Ger. _matsken_, to cut; cf. Ger. _metz-ger_, a butcher.]

MASSAGE, ma-säzh', _n._ in medicine, a system of treatment in which the manipulation and exercise of parts (_passive movement_) are employed for the relief of morbid conditions--by stroking, pressing, tapping, kneading, friction with kneading, &c.--_v.t._ to subject to massage.--_ns._ MASSA'GIST, MASSEUR':--_fem._ MASSEUSE'. [Fr., from Gr. _massein_, to knead.]

MASSE, ma-s[=a]', _n._ in billiards, a sharp stroke made with the cue perpendicular or nearly so. [Fr.]

MASSETER, mas-[=e]'t[.e]r, _n._ a muscle which raises the under jaw, and thus closes the mouth. [Gr. _mas[=e]t[=e]r_--_masasthai_, to chew.]

MASSICOT, mas'i-kot, _n._ protoxide of lead or yellow oxide of lead. [Fr.]

MASSIF, ma-s[=e]f, _n._ a central mountain-mass; an orographic fault-block. [Fr.]

MASSORAH, MASORA, mas'[=o]-rä, _n._ the tradition by which Jewish scholars tried to preserve the text of the Old Testament--a collection of critical notes on the text of the Old Testament, first committed to writing in Tiberias between the 6th and 9th cent. A.D.--the _Great Massorah_ was finally arranged about the 11th century; the _Small Massorah_ is an extract therefrom.--_ns._ MASS'ORETE, MASS'ORITE.--_adjs._ MASSORET'IC, MASORET'IC.--MASSORETIC POINTS and ACCENTS, the vowel-points in Hebrew furnished by the Massorah. [Heb., 'tradition.']

MAST, mast, _n._ a long upright pole for bearing the yards, rigging, &c. in a ship.--_v.t._ to supply with a mast or masts.--_adj._ MAST'ED.--_n._ MAST'-HEAD, the head or top of the mast of a ship.--_v.t._ to raise to the mast-head: to punish by sending a sailor to the mast-head for a certain time.--_n._ MAST'-HOUSE, the place in dockyards where masts are made.--_adj._ MAST'LESS, having no mast. [A.S. _mæst_, the stem of a tree; Ger. _mast_.]

MAST, mast, _n._ the fruit of the oak, beech, chestnut, and other forest trees, on which swine feed: nuts, acorns.--_adjs._ MAST'FUL; MAST'LESS; MAST'Y. [A.S. _mæst_; Ger. _mast_, whence _mästen_, to feed.]

MASTER, mas't[.e]r, _n._ one who commands: a lord or owner: a leader or ruler: a teacher: an employer: the commander of a merchant-ship: formerly the navigator or sailing-master of a ship-of-war: one eminently skilled in anything: the common title of address to a young gentleman, &c.: a title of dignity or office--a degree conferred by universities, as _Master of Arts_, &c., the title of the eldest son of a Scotch viscount or baron, the head of some corporations, as Balliol College, &c., of a lodge of freemasons, &c.: a husband.--_adj._ the chief, predominant: belonging to a master, chief, principal, as in _Master-builder_, &c.--_v.t._ to become master of: to overcome: to become skilful in: to execute with skill.--_ns._ MAS'TER-BUILD'ER, a chief builder, one who directs or employs others; MAS'TERDOM, power of control.--_adj._ MAS'TERFUL, exercising the authority or power of a master: imperious: having the skill of a master.--_adv._ MAS'TERFULLY, in a masterful or imperious manner.--_ns._ MAS'TERFULNESS; MAS'TER-HAND, the hand of a master: a person highly skilled; MAS'TERHOOD; MAS'TER-JOINT, the most marked system of joints or divisional planes by which a rock is intersected; MAS'TERKEY, a key that opens many locks: a clue fitted to guide one out of many difficulties.--_adj._ MAS'TERLESS, without a master or owner: ungoverned: unsubdued: beyond control.--_n._ MAS'TERLINESS, quality of being masterly: masterly skill.--_adj._ MAS'TERLY, like a master: with the skill of a master: skilful: excellent: overbearing.--_adv._ with the skill of a master.--_ns._ MAS'TER-MAR'INER, the captain of a merchant-vessel or fishing-vessel; MAS'TER-M[=A]'SON, a freemason who has attained the third degree; MAS'TER-MIND; MAS'TER-PASS'ION; MAS'TERPIECE, a piece of work worthy of a master: a work of superior skill: chief excellence; MAS'TERSHIP, the office of master: rule or dominion: superiority; MAS'TERSTROKE, a stroke or performance worthy of a master: superior performance; MAS'TER-WHEEL, the wheel in a machine which imparts motion to other parts; MAS'TER-WORK, work worthy of a master: masterpiece; MAS'TERWORT, a perennial umbelliferous herb, native to northern Europe, its root reputed as a stomachic, sudorific, diuretic, &c.; MAS'TERY, the power or authority of a master: dominion: victory: superiority: the attainment of superior power or skill.--MASTER OF CEREMONIES, OF THE ROLLS, &c. (see CEREMONIES, ROLLS, &c.); MASTER OF THE HORSE, the Roman _Magister Equitum_, an official appointed by the dictator to act next under himself: an equerry, esp. the exalted official bearing this name at the British court; MASTER OF THE TEMPLE, the preacher of the Temple Church in London; MASTERS OF THE SCHOOLS, at Oxford, the conductors of the first examination (_Responsions_) for the degree of B.A.--MASTERLY INACTIVITY, the position or part of a neutral or a Fabian combatant, carried out with diplomatic skill, so as to preserve a predominant influence without risking anything.--PASSED, or PAST, MASTER, one who has occupied the office of master, esp. among freemasons--hence any one known to possess ample knowledge of some subject; THE LITTLE MASTERS, a 16th-17th cent. group of followers of Dürer, notable for fine work on wood and copper; THE OLD MASTERS, a term applied collectively to the great painters about the time of the Renaissance, esp. the Italians.--BE MASTER OF ONE'S SELF, to have one's passions or emotions under control. [O. Fr. _maistre_ (Fr. _maître_)--L. _magister_, from root of _magnus_, great.]

MASTIC, MASTICH, mas'tik, _n._ a species of gum-resin from the lentisk-tree: a cement from mastic: the tree producing mastic. [Fr.,--L. _mastiche_--Gr. _mastich[=e]_--_mas-tizein_, to chew.]

MASTICATE, mas'ti-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to chew: to grind with the teeth.--_adj._ MAS'TICABLE, that may be chewed.--_ns._ MASTIC[=A]'TION, act or process of chewing; MASTIC[=A]'TOR, a machine for cutting up meat for people unable to chew: a machine used in purifying india-rubber.--_adj._ MAS'TICATORY, chewing: adapted for chewing.--_n._ a substance chewed to increase the saliva. [L. _mastic[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_mastiche_, mastic.]

MASTICOT. Same as MASSICOT.

MASTIFF, mas'tif, _n._ a thick-set and powerful variety of dog much used as a watch-dog. [Skeat follows Scheler and Diez in explaining _mastiff_ as 'house-dog,' from an assumed O. Fr. _mastif_, prob. a variant of O. Fr. _mastin_ (Fr. _mâtin_)--Low L. _masnata_, a family--L. _mansion-em_, a house. Others explain as O. Fr. _mestif_ (Fr. _métif_), of mixed breed, mongrel, or O. Fr. _mestis_ (_métis_), mongrel, or even as the above O. Fr. mastin (Fr. mâtin), all, through Low L. forms, from L. _mixtus_, _mistus_, _misc[=e]re_, to mix.]

MASTITIS, mas-t[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of the mammary gland.--_n._ MASTODYN'IA, pain in the breast.--_adj._ MAS'TOID, like a nipple or teat: denoting a part or process of the temporal bone.--_n._ MASTOL'OGY, mammology. [Gr. _mastos_, a nipple.]

MASTODON, mas'to-don, _n._ a genus of extinct elephants, so named from the mamillary cusps or teat-like prominences on the molar teeth. [Gr. _mastos_, the breast, _odous_, _odontos_, a tooth.]

MASTURBATION, mas-tur-b[=a]'shun, _n._ self-defilement, onanism.--_v.i._ MAS'TURBATE, to commit self-abuse.--_n._ MAS'TURBATOR, one guilty of this. [L. _masturb[=a]ri_.]

MAT, mat, _n._ a texture of sedge, rushes, straw, &c. for cleaning the feet on: a web of rope-yarn: an ornamental border for a picture: a piece of cloth, &c. put below dishes on a table: anything like a mat in appearance, thick and closely set: any interwoven structure used as a revetment on river-banks, &c.: a sack of matting used to cover tea and coffee chests, such a sack containing a certain quantity of coffee: the closely-worked portion of lace: any annular pad to protect the head in bearing burdens.--_v.t._ to cover with mats: to interweave: to entangle:--_pr.p._ mat'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ mat'ted. [A.S. _meatta_--L. _matta_, a mat.]

MAT, mat, _adj._ and _n._ having a dull or dead surface, without lustre: an instrument by means of which such is produced.--_v.t._ to produce such a surface on metal. [Ger. _matt_, dull.]

MATADOR, MATADORE, mat-a-d[=o]r', _n._ the man who kills the bull in bull-fights: one of the three chief cards at ombre and quadrille. [Sp. _matador_--_matar_, to kill--L. _mact[=a]re_, to kill, to honour by sacrifice--_mactus_, honoured.]

MATAFUNDA, mat-a-fun'da, _n._ an old military engine which slung stones. [Low L., prob. Sp. _matar_, to kill, L. _funda_, a sling.]

MATCH, mach, _n._ a piece of inflammable material which easily takes or carries fire: a prepared rope for firing a gun, &c.: a lucifer.--_ns._ MATCH'-BOX, a box for holding matches; MATCH'LOCK, the lock of a musket containing a match for firing it: a musket so fired; MATCH'WOOD, wood cut down to a size suitable for making matches: wood broken into small pieces; QUICK'-MATCH, a match made of threads of cotton, and steeped in various inflammable substances so as to burn a yard in thirteen seconds; SAFE'TY-MATCH, a match which will only light when rubbed on a specially prepared surface; SLOW'-MATCH, a match made to burn at the rate of from four to five inches in an hour, for blasting, &c. [O. Fr. _mesche_ (Fr. _mèche_)--Low L. _myxus_--Gr. _myxa_, the snuff or wick of a lamp.]

MATCH, mach, _n._ anything which agrees with or suits another thing: an equal: one able to cope with another: a contest or game: a pairing, a marriage: one to be gained in marriage.--_v.i._ to be of the same make, size, &c., to correspond: to form a union with.--_v.t._ to be equal to, to set a counterpart to anything: to be able to compete with: to find an equal to: to set against as equal: to suit: to give in marriage.--_adj._ MATCH'ABLE.--_ns._ MATCH'BOARD, a board with a tongue cut along one edge and a groove in the opposite edge, their joining being called a MATCH'-JOINT; MATCH'ER.--_adj._ MATCH'LESS, having no match or equal: superior to all: peerless: unpaired.--_adv._ MATCH'LESSLY.--_ns._ MATCH'LESSNESS; MATCH'-MAK'ER, one who makes matches: one who plans to bring about marriages. [A.S. _gemæca_, _gemaca_, a mate, a wife.]

MATE, m[=a]t, _n._ a companion: an equal: one of a pair, the male or female of animals that go in pairs: in a merchant-ship the first-mate is the second in command--in the navy the term is now confined to petty-officers, such as _boatswain's mate_, _gunner's mate_, &c.: an assistant, deputy.--_v.t._ to be equal to: to become a companion to: to marry.--_adj._ MATE'LESS, without a mate or companion. [A.S. _ge-maca_; Ice. _maki_, an equal, from the same root as _make_. Cf. _match_. Prob. _mate_ in its naut. sense is Dutch--Old Dut. _maet_, mod. _maat_.]

MATE, m[=a]t, _n._ and _v.t._ in chess=_Checkmate_.

MATE, MATÉ, mä't[=a], _n._ a South American species of holly, the leaves and green shoots of which, dried and roughly ground, furnish the _yerba de mate_ of Paraguay and Brazil. [Sp. _mate_, orig. the vessel in which it was infused for drinking.]

MATE, m[=a]t, _v.t._ (_Bacon_) to weaken, to confound, to crush. [O. Fr. _mater_; cf. Sp. _matar_, to weaken.]

MATELASSE, mat-las'[=a], _adj._ and _n._ having a raised pattern on the surface as if quilted, of silks. [Fr. _matelas_, a mattress.]

MATELOTE, mat'e-l[=o]t, _n._ fish stewed with wine-sauce, onions, &c. [Fr. _matelot_, a sailor.]

MATEOLOGY, mat-[=e]-ol'o-ji, _n._ a foolish inquiry. [Gr. _mataios_, vain, _mat[=e]_, folly, _logia_, discourse.]

MATER, m[=a]'t[.e]r, _n._ a mother: one of the two membranes of the brain, outer and inner, separated by the arachnoid--the _dura mater_, or _dura_, and _pia mater_, or _pia_.--M[=A]'TER DOLOR[=O]'SA, the Virgin Mary represented as the sorrowing mother; M[=A]TERFAMIL'IAS, the mother of a family. [L.,--Gr. _m[=e]t[=e]r_.]

MATERIAL, ma-t[=e]'ri-al, _adj._ consisting of matter: corporeal, not spiritual: substantial: essential: important, esp. of legal importance: (_phil._) pertaining to matter and not to form, relating to the object as it exists.--_n._, esp. in _pl._, that out of which anything is to be made.--_n._ MATERIALIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ MAT[=E]'RIAL[=I]SE, to render material: to reduce to or regard as matter: to occupy with material interests.--_ns._ MAT[=E]'RIALISM, the doctrine that denies the independent existence of spirit, and maintains that there is but one substance--viz. matter--thus professing to find in matter (_monistic_ or _philosophical materialism_), or in material entities (_atomistic materialism_), or in material qualities and forces (scientific or physical materialism), a complete explanation of all life and existence whatsoever; MAT[=E]'RIALIST, one who holds the doctrine of materialism: one absorbed in material interests, who takes a low view of life and its responsibilities.--_adjs._ MATERIALIST'IC, -AL, pertaining to materialism.--_adv._ MAT[=E]'RIALLY.--_ns._ MAT[=E]'RIALNESS, MATERIAL'ITY.--MATERIAL BEING, existence in the form of matter; MATERIAL CAUSE, that which gives being to the thing; MATERIAL DISTINCTION, a distinction between individuals of the same species; MATERIAL EVIDENCE, evidence tending to prove or to disprove the matter under judgment; MATERIAL FALLACY, a fallacy in the matter or thought, rather than in the logical form; MATERIAL FORM, a form depending on matter; MATERIAL ISSUE (see ISSUE).--RAW MATERIAL, stuff as yet unworked into anything useful. [Fr.,--L. _materialis_--_materia_.]

MATERIA MEDICA, ma-t[=e]'ri-a med'i-ka, _n._ the various substances used in making up medicines: the science of the nature and use of substances used as medicines. [L. _materia_, material, _medicus_, medical.]

MATÉRIEL, ma-t[=a]-re-el', _n._ the totality of materials or instruments employed (as in an army), as distinguished from the _personnel_ or men--applied esp. to military stores, arms, baggage, horses, &c. [Fr.]

MATERNAL, ma-t[.e]r'nal, _adj._ belonging to a mother: motherly.--_adv._ MATER'NALLY.--_n._ MATER'NITY, the state, character, or relation of a mother: motherhood: a lying-in hospital. [Fr. _maternel_ (It. _maternale_)--L. _maternus_--_mater_, mother.]

MATH, math, _n._ a mowing.

MATHEMATIC, -AL, math-e-mat'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to, or done by, mathematics: very accurate.--_adv._ MATHEMAT'ICALLY.--_ns._ MATHEMATIC'IAN, one versed in mathematics; MATHEMAT'ICS, the science of magnitude and number, and of all their relations--usually divided into _Pure_, and _Mixed_ or _Applied_, the first including all deductions from the abstract, self-evident relations of magnitude and number--the second, the results arrived at by applying the principles so established to certain relations found by observation to exist among the phenomena of nature.--HIGHER MATHEMATICS, a term applied generally to all the scientifically treated branches of mathematics. [Fr. _mathématique_--L. _mathematica_--Gr. _math[=e]matik[=e]_ (_epist[=e]m[=e]_, skill, knowledge), relating to learning--_math[=e]ma_--_manthanein_, to learn.]

MATHESIS, ma-th[=e]'sis, _n._ mental discipline. [Gr.]

MATICO, ma-t[=e]'ko, _n._ a Peruvian shrub, used in medicine as a styptic and astringent.

MATIN, mat'in, _adj._ morning: used in the morning.--_n._ in _pl._ the daily morning service of the Church of England: one of the seven canonical hours, usually sung between midnight and daybreak.--_adj._ MAT'INAL.--_n._ MATINÉE (mat-i-n[=a]'), a musical entertainment or reception held in the day-time, usually in the afternoon: a woman's dress for wear in the forenoon or before dinner. [Fr.,--L. _matutinus_, belonging to the morning--_Matuta_, goddess of morning, prob. akin to _maturus_, early.]

MATRASS, mat'ras, _n._ a chemical vessel with a tapering neck, a cucurbit.

MATRIARCHY, m[=a]'tri-är-ki, _n._ government by a mother or by mothers, esp. a primitive order of society existing in many Indian tribes, in which the mother takes precedence of the father in tracing line of descent and in inheritance: descent in the female line.--_ns._ M[=A]'TRIARCH, a woman in whom matriarchy rests: a patriarch's wife.--_adj._ MATRIAR'CHAL.--_ns._ MATRIAR'CHALISM, the character of possessing matriarchal customs; MATRIAR'CHATE, the position of a matriarch. [Gr. _m[=e]t[=e]r_, mother, _archos_, a ruler.]

MATRICE, m[=a]'tris, _n._ Same as MATRIX.

MATRICIDE, mat'ri-s[=i]d, _n._ a murderer of one's own mother: the murder of one's own mother.--_adj._ MAT'RICIDAL [Fr.,--L. _matricida_, _matricidium_--_mater_, mother, _cæd[)e]re_, to kill.]

MATRICULATE, ma-trik'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to admit to membership by entering one's name in a register, esp. in a college.--_v.i._ to become a member of a college, university, &c., by being enrolled.--_n._ one admitted to membership in a society.--_n._ MATRICUL[=A]'TION, act of matriculating: state of being matriculated. [Late L. _matricula_, a register, dim. of _matrix_.]

MATRIMONY, mat'ri-mun-i, _n._ union of husband and wife, marriage: state of marriage.--_adj._ MATRIM[=O]'NIAL, relating to, derived from, marriage.--_adj._ MATRIM[=O]'NIALLY. [O. Fr.,--L. _matrimonium_--_mater_.]

MATRIX, m[=a]'triks, or mat'riks, _n._ (_anat._) the cavity in which an animal is formed before its birth, the womb: the cavity in which anything is formed, a mould: (_mining_) earthy or stony substances in which minerals are found embedded: (_dyeing_) the five simple colours (black, white, blue, red, and yellow) from which all the others are formed: (_math._) a rectangular array of quantities, usually square--a multiple quantity having as many dimensions as it has spaces:--_pl._ MATRICES (m[=a]'tri-sez or mat'ri-sez). [L. _matrix_, _-icis_--_mater_, mother.]

MATRON, m[=a]'trun, _n._ an elderly married woman: an elderly lady of staid and sober habits: a head-nurse in a hospital, or a female superintendent in a school.--_ns._ M[=A]'TRONAGE, M[=A]'TRONHOOD, state of being a matron: a body of matrons.--_adj._ M[=A]'TRONAL, pertaining or suitable to a matron: motherly: grave.--_v.t._ M[=A]'TRONISE, to render matronly: to attend a lady to public places, as protector: to chaperon.--_adjs._ M[=A]'TRON-LIKE, M[=A]'TRONLY, like, becoming, or belonging to a matron: elderly: sedate.--_n._ MATRONYM'IC, a name derived from a mother or maternal ancestor--also _adj._ [Fr.,--L. _matrona_, a married lady--_mater_, mother.]

MATROSS, ma-tros', _n._ formerly a soldier set to help the gunners in an artillery train. [Dut. _matroos_--Fr. _matelot_, a sailor.]

MATTE, mat, _n._ a product of the smelting of sulphuretted ores.--Also _Regulus_ and _Coarse metal_. [Fr.,--Ger.]

MATTER, mat'[.e]r, _n._ that which occupies space, and with which we become acquainted by our bodily senses: that out of which anything is made: that which receiving a form becomes a substance: the subject or thing treated of: anything engaging the attention: that with which one has to do: cause of a thing: thing of consequence: something requiring remedy or explanation: any special allegation in law: importance: a measure, &c., of indefinite amount: (_print._) material for work, type set up: mere dead substance, that which is thrown off by a living body, esp. pus, or the fluid in boils, tumours, and festering sores.--_v.i._ to be of importance: to signify: to form or discharge matter in a sore:--_pr.p._ matt'ering; _pa.p._ matt'ered.--_adjs._ MATT'ERFUL, full of matter, pithy; MATT'ERLESS; MATT'ER-OF-FACT, adhering to the matter of fact: not fanciful: dry; MATT'ERY, significant: purulent.--MATTER OF COURSE, occurring in natural time and order, as a thing to be expected; MATTER OF FACT, really happening and not fanciful or supposed: not wandering beyond realities. [O. Fr. _matiere_--L. _materia_, matter.]

MATTING, mat'ing, _n._ a covering with mats: a texture like a mat, but larger: material for mats.

MATTINS. Same as MATINS, _pl._ of MATIN.

MATTOCK, mat'uk, _n._ a kind of pickaxe for loosening the soil, having the iron ends broad instead of pointed. [A.S. _mattuc_--W. _matog_.]

MATTRESS, mat'res, _n._ a bed made of a bag stuffed with wool, horse-hair, &c.: a mass of brushwood, &c., used to form a foundation for roads, &c., or for the walls of embankments, &c.--SPRING MATTRESS, a mattress in which springs of twisted wire are used to support the stuffed part; WIRE MATTRESS, one whose elasticity is produced by a sheet of tightly-stretched wire. [O. Fr. _materas_ (Fr. _matelas_)--Ar. _matrah_, a place where anything is thrown.]

MATURATE, mat'[=u]-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to make mature: (_med._) to promote the suppuration of.--_v.i._ (_med._) to suppurate perfectly.--_ns._ MAT'URANT, a maturative; MATUR[=A]'TION, a bringing or a coming to maturity: the process of suppurating fully.--_adj._ MAT[=U]'RATIVE, maturing or ripening: (_med._) promoting suppuration.--_n._ a medicine promoting suppuration. [L. _matur[=a]re_--_maturus_, ripe.]

MATURE, ma-t[=u]r', _adj._ grown to its full size: perfected: ripe: (_med._) come to suppuration: fully digested, as a plan.--_v.t._ to ripen: to bring to perfection: to prepare for use.--_v.i._ to become ripe: to become payable, as a bill.--_adj._ MATUR'ABLE, capable of being matured.--_adv._ MATURE'LY.--_ns._ MATURE'NESS, state or quality of being ripe or ready for use; MATUR'ITY, ripeness: a state of completeness or readiness for use. [L. _maturus_, ripe.]

MATURESCENT, mat-[=u]-res'ent, _adj._ becoming ripe: approaching maturity. [L. _maturesc[)e]re_, to become ripe--_maturus_.]

MATUTINAL, mat-[=u]-t[=i]'nal, _adj._ pertaining to the morning: happening early in the day.--Also MAT'UTINE. [L. _matutinalis_, _matutinus_. See MATIN.]

MAUD, mawd, _n._ a Scotch shepherd's woollen plaid.

MAUDLIN, mawd'lin, _adj._ silly: sickly-sentimental: fuddled, half-drunk: (_obs._) tearful.--_n._ MAUD'LINISM, the tearful stage of drink. [Contr. from M. E. _Maudelein_, which comes through O. Fr. and L. from Gr. _Magdal[=e]n[=e]_, the orig. sense being 'tearful from penitence,' hence 'with eyes red and swollen with weeping,' like Mary Magdalene, erroneously identified with the penitent woman of Luke vii. 37.]

MAUGRE, maw'g[.e]r, _prep._ in spite of.--_n._ (_obs._) ill-will: spite. [O. Fr. _malgré_--L._ male gratum_--_male,_ badly, _gratum_, agreeable.]

MAUL, mawl, _v.t._ to beat with a mall or a heavy stick: to injure greatly by beating.--_n._ a heavy wooden hammer: a struggle for the ball in football, when it has been carried across the goal-line, but has not yet been touched down. [_Mall_.]

MAULSTICK. See MAHL-STICK.

MAUMET, MAMMET. Same as MAWMET.

MAUND, mawnd, _n._ (_Shak_.) a basket. [A.S. _mand_.]

MAUND, mawnd, _n._ a measure of weight in India, its value varying in different places from about 25 to about 85 pounds avoirdupois. [Hind. _m[=a]n_.]

MAUNDER, mawn'd[.e]r, _v.i._ to beg: to whine like a beggar, to grumble: to mutter, to talk foolishly, to drivel.--_ns._ MAUN'DERER; MAUN'DERING, drivelling talk. [O. Fr. _mendier_, to beg--L. _mendic[=a]re_.]

MAUNDRIL, mawn'dril, _n._ a pick with two prongs.

MAUNDY, mawn'di, _n._ the religious ceremony of washing the feet of others, esp. of inferiors, in commemoration of Christ's washing His disciples' feet at the Last Supper--still practised in Austria by the emperor.--MAUNDY MONEY, the money given away on MAUNDY THURSDAY, the Thursday in Passion week, by the royal almoner, usually a penny for each year of the sovereign's reign--the small silver coins specially coined since 1662. [O. Fr. _mande_ (Fr. _mandé_)--L. _mand[=a]tum_, command, i.e. the 'new Commandment' of John, xiii. 34.]

MAURIST, maw'rist, _n._ a member of the reformed Benedictine Congregation of St _Maur_, settled from 1618 at the abbey of St _Maur_-sur-Loire, near Saumur, notable for its great services to learning.

MAUSER, mow'z[.e]r, _n._ a German magazine rifle, invented by Wilhelm _Mauser_ (1834-82).

MAUSOLEUM, maw-so-l[=e]'um, _n._ a magnificent tomb or monument.--_adj._ MAUSOL[=E]'AN, pertaining to a mausoleum: monumental. [L.,--Gr., _Maus[=o]leion_, from _Mausolus_, king of Caria, to whom his widow, Artemisia, erected a splendid tomb about 350 B.C.]

MAUTHER, mä'th[.e]r, _n._ an Eng. prov. form of mother.

MAUVE, mawv, _n._ a beautiful purple dye extracted from coal-tar, so called from its likeness in colour to the flowers of the common mallow.--_adj._ of the colour of mauve. [Fr.,--L. _malva_, the mallow.]

MAVERICK, mav'[.e]r-ik, _n._ (_U.S._) an animal found straying without an owner's brand, esp. a strayed calf: anything dishonestly obtained.--_v.t._ to seize without legal claim. [From Samuel _Maverick_, a Texas cattle-raiser.]

MAVIS, m[=a]'vis, _n._ the song-thrush. [Fr. _mauvis_; prob. from Bret. _milfid_, a mavis.]

MAVOURNEEN, ma-v[=oo]r'n[=e]n, _n._ and _interj._ a term of endearment=my dear one. [Ir.]

MAW, maw, _n._ the stomach, esp. in the lower animals: the craw, in birds.--_ns._ MAW'-SEED, poppy-seed, so called when used as food for cage birds; MAW'-WORM, the thread-worm infesting the stomach. [A.S. _maga_; Ger. _magen_.]

MAWKIN. Same as MALKIN (q.v.).

MAWKISH, mawk'ish, _adj._ loathsome, disgusting, as anything beginning to breed mawks or maggots.--_n._ MAWK, a maggot.--_adv._ MAWK'ISHLY.--_n._ MAWK'ISHNESS. [Explained by Skeat as formed, with suffix _-ish_, from M. E. _mawk_, _mauk_, a contr. form of M. E. _maðek_, a maggot--Ice. _maðkr_, a maggot.]

MAWMET, maw'met, _n_. a puppet: an idol--_Mohammed_.

MAX, maks, _n_. a kind of gin. [L. _maximus_, greatest.]

MAXILLARY, maks'il-ar-i, _adj_. pertaining to the jawbone or jaw.--_n_. a maxillary bone, or maxilla.--_n_. MAXILL'A, a jawbone.--_adjs_. MAXILLIF'EROUS; MAXILL'IFORM.--_n_. MAXILL'IPEDE, in crustacea, one of those limbs serving both for mastication and locomotion. [L. _maxilla_, jawbone.]

MAXIM, maks'im, _n_. a general principle, serving as a rule or guide: a pithy saying: a proverb.--_adjs_. MAX'IMAL; MAX'IMED, reduced to a maxim.--_ns_. MAX'IMIST, MAX'IM-MONG'ER. [Fr.,--L. _maxima_ (_sententia_, an opinion), superl. of _magnus_, great.]

MAXIM, maks'im, _n_. often put for MAX'IM-GUN, an automatic machine-gun capable of firing as many as 620 rounds per minute, and of accurate shooting up to 3000 yards. [From Hiram _Maxim_, the inventor.]

MAXIMUM, maks'i-mum, _adj_. the greatest.--_n_. the greatest number, quantity, or degree: the highest point reached: (_math_.) the value of a variable when it ceases to increase and begins to decrease:--_pl_. MAX'IMA:--opp. to _Minimum_.--_adj_. MAX'IMAL, of the highest or maximum value.--_adv_. MAX'IMALLY.--_v.t._ MAX'IMISE, to raise to the highest degree. [L., superl. of _magnus_, great.]

MAY, m[=a], _v.i._ to be able: to be allowed: to be free to act: to be possible: to be by chance: to be competent:--_pa.t._ might (m[=i]t).--_adv_. MAY'BE, perhaps, possibly.--_n_. a possibility.--_adv_. MAY'HAP, perhaps. [A.S. _mæg_, pr.t. of _mugan_, to be able, pa.t. _mihte_; cog. with Goth. _magan_, Ger. _mögen_.]

MAY, m[=a], _n_. the fifth month of the year: the early or gay part of life.--_v.i._ to gather _May_ (prov. Eng. the blossom of the hawthorn, which blooms in May):--_pr.p._ May'ing.--_ns_. MAY'-BEE'TLE, MAY'-BUG, the cockchafer; MAY'-BLOOM, the hawthorn flower; MAY'DAY, the first day of May; MAY'-DEW, the dew of May, esp. that of the morning of the first day of May, which is said to whiten linen, and to enable a face washed with it to keep its beauty; MAY'-DUKE, a variety of sour cherry; MAY'-FLOW'ER, the hawthorn, which blooms in May; MAY'FLY, a short-lived fly which appears in May; MAY'-GAME, sport such as is usual on 1st May, frolic generally; MAY'ING, the observance of Mayday sports and games; MAY'-L[=A]'DY, the queen of the May; MAY'-LIL'Y, the lily of the valley, so called because it blooms in May; MAY'-MORN (_Shak_.), freshness, like that of a morning in May, vigour; MAY'POLE, a pole erected for dancing round on Mayday; MAY'-QUEEN, a young woman crowned with flowers as queen on Mayday; MAY'TIME, May, the season of May. [O. Fr. _Mai_--L. _Maius_ (_mensis_, a month), sacred to _Maia_, the mother of Mercury.]

MAY, m[=a], _n_. a maid. [A.S. _m['æ]g_, a kinswoman.]

MAYA, mä'ya, _n_. an illusive appearance, esp. of a celestial maiden personifying the active will of the creator of the universe. [Hind.]

MAYHEM, m[=a]'hem, _n_. the offence of depriving a person by violence of any limb, member, or organ, or causing any mutilation of the body. [_Maim_.]

MAYONNAISE, m[=a]-on-[=a]z', _n_. a sauce composed of the yoke of eggs, salad-oil, and vinegar or lemon-juice, seasoned: any cold dish of which the foregoing is an ingredient, as lobster. [Fr.]

MAYOR, m[=a]'ur, _n_. the chief magistrate of a city or borough:--_fem_. MAY'ORESS.--_adj_. MAY'ORAL.--_ns_. MAY'ORALTY, MAY'ORSHIP, the office of a mayor. [Fr. _maire_--L. _major_, comp. of _magnus_, great.]

MAZARD, MAZZARD, maz'ard, _n_. (_Shak_.) a head or skull: a wild European cherry. [Prob. from _mazer_, from the likeness of the skull to a goblet.]

MAZARINADE, maz-a-rin-[=a]d', _n_. a pamphlet or satire against the French minister, Cardinal _Mazarin_ (1602-61).--_n_. MAZARINE', a rich blue colour: a blue gown.--MAZARIN BIBLE, the first printed Bible, printed by Gutenberg and Fust about 1450, so called because Cardinal _Mazarin_ possessed twenty-five copies.

MAZDA, maz'da, _n_. or AHURA MAZDÂH, the supreme deity and creator of the Zend-Avesta.--_adj_. MAZ'D[=E]AN.--_n_. MAZ'D[=E]ISM, the religious system of the Zend-Avesta, the ancient sacred writings of the Parsees, Zoroastrianism. [Zend _ahu_=the living, life, or spirit, root _ah_=to be; _Mazdâh_, the great Creator, _maz_+_dâ_=Sans. _mahâ_+_dhâ_.]

MAZE, m[=a]z, _n_. a place full of intricate windings: confusion of thought: perplexity.--_v.t._ to bewilder: to confuse.--_adjs_. MAZE'FUL (_Spens_.), MAZ'Y, full of mazes or windings: intricate.--_adv_. MAZ'ILY.--_n_. MAZ'INESS, state or quality of being mazy. [Scand., as in Ice. _masa_, to jabber.]

MAZER, maz'[.e]r, _n_. (_Spens_.) a kind of hard wood, probably maple: a cup or goblet made of maple, and usually highly ornamented. [Skeat explains as Ice. _mösurr_, a maple-tree, lit. 'spot-wood.']

MAZOURKA, MAZURKA, ma-z[=oo]r'ka, _n_. a lively Polish round dance for four or eight couples: the music such as is played to it.

ME, m[=e], _personal pron_. the objective case of I, including both the old English accusative and dative of the first personal pronoun. [A.S. _mé_.]

MEACOCK, m[=e]'kok, _adj_. (_Shak_.) timorous, effeminate, cowardly. [Perh. dim. of _meek_.]

MEAD, m[=e]d, _n_. honey and water fermented and flavoured. [A.S. _medu_; Ger. _meth_, W. _medd_.]

MEADOW, med'[=o], _n_. a level tract producing grass to be mown down: a rich pasture-ground--(_poet_.) MEAD.--_ns_. MEAD'OW-FOX'TAIL (see FOXTAIL); MEAD'OW-GRASS, the larger and more useful kinds of grass, grown in meadows for hay and pasture; MEAD'OW-HAY, a coarse grass or sedge growing in moist places, used as fodder or bedding; MEAD'OW-LARK, the American field-lark; MEAD'OW-SAFF'RON, the colchicum--also _Autumn-crocus_, or _Naked lady;_ MEAD'OW-SWEET, MEAD'OW-WORT, an ornamental shrub or plant with white flowers, called also _Queen of the meadow.--adj_. MEAD'OWY. [A.S. _m['æ]d_--_máwan_, to mow; Ger. _mahd_, a mowing, Swiss _matt_, a meadow, as in Zer_matt_, &c.]

MEAGRE, m[=e]'g[.e]r, _adj_. having little flesh: lean: poor: without richness or fertility: barren: scanty: without strength.--_adv_. MEA'GRELY.--_n_. MEA'GRENESS, state or quality of being meagre. [Fr. _maigre_--L. _macer_, lean; cf. Ger. _mager_.]

MEAL, m[=e]l, _n_. the food taken at one time: the act or the time of taking food: a breakfast, dinner, or supper.--_ns_. MEAL'ER, one who takes his meals at a boarding-house, lodging elsewhere; MEAL'-TIME, the time for meals.--SQUARE MEAL, a full meal. [A.S. _m['æ]l_, time, portion of time; Dut. _maal_, Ger. _mahl_.]

MEAL, m[=e]l, _n_. grain ground to powder.--_v.i._ to yield or be plentiful in meal.--_ns_. MEAL'-ARK (_Scot_.), a large chest for holding meal; MEAL'INESS; MEAL'-MAN, or MEAL'-MONG'ER, one who deals in meal; MEAL'-POCK, or -POKE, a beggar's meal-bag; MEAL'WORM, the larva of an insect abounding in granaries and flour-stores.--_adj_. MEAL'Y, resembling meal: covered with meal or with something like meal: whitish.--_n_. MEAL'Y-BUG, a small species of cochineal insect covered with a while powdery substance resembling meal or flour.--_adj_. MEAL'Y-MOUTHED, smooth-tongued.--_n_. MEAL'Y-MOUTHEDNESS. [A.S. _melu, melo;_ Ger. _mehl_, Dut. _meel_, meal.]

MEALIE, m[=e]l'i, _n_. an ear of maize or Indian corn, esp. in _pl_., maize.

MEAN, m[=e]n, _adj_. low in rank or birth: base: sordid: low in worth or estimation: of little value or importance: poor, humble: despicable.--_adj_. MEAN'-BORN, of humble origin.--_adv_. MEAN'LY.--_n._ MEAN'NESS, state or quality of being mean: want of nobility or excellence: a low action.--_adj_. MEAN'-SPIR'ITED, having a mean spirit, base.--_n_. MEAN'-SPIR'ITEDNESS. [A.S. _m['æ]ne_, wicked, from _mán_, wickedness; perh. conn. with A.S. _gem['æ]ne_, Ger. _gemein_, common.]

MEAN, m[=e]n, _adj_. middle: coming between two others in size, degree, quantity, time, &c.: average: moderate.--_n_. the middle point, quantity, value, or degree: (_math_.) a term interpolated between two terms of a series, and consequently intermediate in magnitude: (_mus_.) a middle voice or voice-part, as the tenor or alto, the second or third string in a viol: instrument or medium: (_pl_.) that by which anything is caused or brought to pass: income: estate: instrument.--_n_. MEAN'-TIME, the interval between two given times.--_advs_. MEAN'TIME, MEAN'WHILE, in the intervening time.--MEANS OF GRACE, divine ordinances, by which divine grace reaches the hearts of men--word and sacraments.--ARITHMETICAL MEAN, the average obtained by adding several quantities together and dividing the sum by their number; HARMONIC MEAN, the reciprocal of the arithmetical mean of the reciprocals of the quantities concerned; GEOMETRIC MEAN, the mean obtained by multiplying two quantities together and extracting the square root of the product; GOLDEN MEAN, the middle course between two extremes: a wise moderation; QUADRATIC MEAN, the square root of the arithmetical mean of the squares of the given quantities.--BY ALL MEANS, certainly; BY ANY MEANS, in any way; BY NO MEANS, certainly not.--IN THE MEAN (_Spens_.), in the meantime. [O. Fr. _meien_ (Fr. _moyen_)--L. _medianus_, enlarged form of _medius_.]

MEAN, m[=e]n, _v.t._ to have in the mind or thoughts: to intend, to purpose: to signify.--_v.i._ to have in the mind: to have meaning or disposition:--_pr.p._ mean'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ meant (ment).--_n_. MEAN'ING, that which is in the mind or thoughts: signification: the sense intended: purpose.--_adj_. significant.--_adj_. MEAN'INGLESS, without meaning.--_adv_. MEAN'INGLY. [A.S. _m['æ]nan_; Ger. _meinen_, to think.]

MEAN, m[=e]n, _v.i._ (_Shak_.) to lament, to moan.

MEANDER, m[=e]-an'd[.e]r, _n_. a winding course: a maze: an intricate variety of fretwork: perplexity.--_v.i._ to flow, run, or proceed in a winding course: to be intricate.--_v.t._ to wind or flow round.--_adjs._ MEAN'DERED, formed into mazy passages or patterns; MEAN'DERING, winding in a course; MEAN'DRIAN, MEAN'DROUS, winding.--_n_. a winding course. [L.,--Gr. _Maiandros_, a winding river in Asia Minor.]

MEANT, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of mean (_v.t._).

MEAR, m[=e]r, _n_. (_Spens_.) a boundary. [See MERE.]

MEASE, m[=e]s, or m[=e]z, _n_. a tale of 500 herrings.

MEASLES, m[=e]'zlz, _n.sing._ a contagious fever accompanied with eruptions of small red spots upon the skin: a disease of swine and cattle, caused by larval tapeworms: a disease of trees, the leaves being covered with spots.--_adjs_. MEA'SLED, MEA'SLY, infected with measles: good for nothing, miserable.--_n_. MEAS'LINESS.--GERMAN MEASLES, a name somewhat loosely used of a disease, resembling measles, but mostly less prolonged and severe. [Dut. _maselen_, measles, from Old Dut. _masche_, a spot, cog. with Old High Ger. _m[=a]s[=a]_, a spot; Ger. _masern_, measles.]

MEASURE, mezh'[=u]r, _n_. that by which extent is ascertained or expressed: the size of anything: a rule or standard by which anything is adjusted (_Apothecaries'_, _Cubic_, _Decimal_, _Dry_, _Liquid_, &c.): (_politics_) a proposal or plan by which some end can be brought about: proportion: a stated quantity: degree: extent: moderation: means to an end: metre: (_mus_.) that division of time, containing a specified number of beats, by which the air and motion of music are regulated: rate of movement, time, rhythm, metre, arrangement of syllables in poetry: a slow and stately dance, as the minuet: (_print_.) the width of a page or column, usually in _ems_: (_pl_., _geol_.) a series of beds or strata.--_v.t._ to ascertain the dimensions of: to adjust by a rule or standard: to mark out: to allot: to show a certain measurement.--_v.i._ to be of a certain size: to be equal or uniform.--_adj_. MEAS'URABLE, that may be measured or computed: moderate: in small quantity or extent.--_n._ MEAS'URABLENESS, the quality of being measurable.--_adv._ MEAS'URABLY.--_adjs._ MEAS'URED, of a certain measure: equal: uniform: steady: restricted; MEAS'URELESS, boundless: immense.--_ns._ MEAS'UREMENT, the act of measuring: quantity found by measuring--(MEASUREMENT GOODS, light goods carried for charges according to bulk, not weight); MEAS'URER, one who, or that which, measures.--_adj._ MEAS'URING, that measures, or fitted for measuring.--MEASURE ONE'S LENGTH, to fall or be thrown down at full length; MEASURE STRENGTH, to engage in a contest; MEASURE SWORDS, to fight with swords: to try one's skill against.--ABOVE, or BEYOND, MEASURE, to an exceedingly great degree; IN A MEASURE, to some degree.--TAKE MEASURES, to adopt means (to gain an end); TAKE ONE'S MEASURE, to find out what one is, and what he can or cannot do; TREAD A MEASURE, to dance; USE HARD MEASURES, to apply harsh treatment to; WITHIN MEASURE, moderately; WITHOUT MEASURE, immoderately. [O. Fr. _mesure_--L. _mensura_, a measure--_met[=i]ri_, to measure.]

MEAT, m[=e]t, _n._ anything eaten as food, the edible part of anything: act of taking meat: (_obs._) meal, flour: the flesh of animals used as food--sometimes beef, mutton, pork, veal, &c., as opposed to poultry, fish, &c.--_ns._ MEAT'-BIS'CUIT, a preparation of meat, made with meal into a biscuit; MEAT'INESS, quality of being meaty; MEAT'-OFF'ERING, a Jewish sacrificial offering of fine flour or first-fruits with oil and frankincense; MEAT'-PIE, a pie mainly made up of meat; MEAT'-SAFE, a receptacle for storing meat, walled with perforated zinc or gauze; MEAT'-SALES'MAN, one who sells meat, esp. to the retail butchers; MEAT'-TEA, a high tea, at which meat is served; MEAT'-TUB, a pickling-tub.--_adj._ MEAT'Y, full of meat: fleshy: pithy.--HANG MEAT, to hang up meat before cooking; SIT AT MEAT, to sit at table. [A.S. _mete_; Dut. _met_.]

MEATH, MEATHE, m[=e]th, _n._ a form of _mead_, liquor.

MEATUS, m[=e]-[=a]'tus, _n._ a passage or canal, as the urethral meatus.--_adj._ ME[=A]'TAL.--_n._ MEAT'OSCOPE, an instrument for examining the urethral or other meatus. [L. _me[=a]tus_--_me[=a]re_, to go.]

MEAZEL, m[=e]'zl, _n._ (_Shak._) a leper. [_Measles_.]

MECHANIC, -AL, me-kan'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to machines or mechanics: constructed according to the laws of mechanics: possessing mechanical talent: acting by physical power: done by a machine: pertaining to artisans: done simply by force of habit, slavish, artificial: vulgar.--_n._ MECHAN'IC, one engaged in a mechanical trade: an artisan--(_Shak._) MECHAN'ICAL.--_adv._ MECHAN'ICALLY.--_ns._ MECHANIC'IAN, MECH'ANIST, a machine-maker: one skilled in mechanics; MECHAN'ICS, the science which treats of machines: the science which treats of the nature of forces and of their action on bodies, either directly or by the agency of machinery.--_v.t._ MECH'ANISE, to make mechanical: to work out the details of a machine.--_ns._ MECH'ANISM, the construction of a machine: the arrangement and action of its parts, by which it produces a given result; MECH'ANOGRAPH, a copy, esp. of a work of art produced by a mechanical process on a machine.--_adj._ MECH'ANOGRAPHIC.--_ns._ MECHANOG'RAPHIST; MECHANOG'RAPHY, the art of multiplying copies of a writing or work of art by means of a machine; MECHANOL'OGY, a treatise on mechanics: the knowledge of such.--MECHANICAL EFFECT, work produced by the use of mechanical power; MECHANICAL PHILOSOPHY, the principles of mechanics applied to solve questions or phenomena involving force; MECHANICAL POWERS, the elementary forms or parts of machines--three _primary_, the lever, inclined plane, and pulley; and three _secondary_, the wheel-and-axle, the wedge, and the screw.--MECHANICS' INSTITUTE, an institution for mechanics, with lectures, library, museum, &c. [O. Fr.,--L. _mechanicus_; Gr. _m[=e]chanikos_--_m[=e]chane_, a contrivance.]

MECHLIN, meh'lin, _adj._ and _n._ produced at _Mechlin_ or Malines: lace made at Mechlin.

MECONIC, me-kon'ik, _adj._ denoting an acid obtained from poppies.--_ns._ MEC'ONATE, a salt of meconic acid; MEC'ONINE, a white, fusible, neutral substance existing in opium; MEC[=O]'NIUM, the first fæces of a new-born child: opium. [Gr. _m[=e]k[=o]n_, the poppy.]

MEDAL, med'al, _n._ a piece of metal in the form of a coin bearing some device or inscription, struck or cast: a reward of merit.--_v.t._ to decorate with a medal.--_n._ MED'ALET, a small medal, esp. the representation of saints, worn by Roman Catholics.--_adj._ MEDALL'IC, pertaining to medals.--_ns._ MEDALL'ION, a large medal: a bas-relief of a round (sometimes a square) form: a round ornament enclosing a portrait or lock of hair; MED'ALLIST, MED'ALIST, one skilled in medals: an engraver of medals: one who has gained a medal; MED'ALLURGY, the art of producing medals and coins. [O. Fr. _medaille_--It. _medaglia_; through a Low L. form _medalla_ or _medalia_, a small coin, from L. _metallum_, a metal.]

MEDDLE, med'l, _v.i._ to interfere unnecessarily (_with_ or _in_): to take part in a matter with which one has nothing to do: to have to do (_with_).--_n._ MEDD'LER, one who interferes with matters in which he has no concern.--_adj._ MEDD'LESOME, given to meddling.--_n._ MEDD'LESOMENESS.--_adj._ MEDD'LING, interfering in the concerns of others: officious--also _n._ [O. Fr. _medler_, a corr. of _mesler_ (Fr. _mêler_)--Low L. _misculare_--L. _misc[=e]re_, to mix.]

MEDIA. See MEDIUM.

MEDIÆVAL, MEDIÆVALIST. See MEDIEVAL.

MEDIAL, m[=e]'di-al, _adj._ lying between two extremes, median: of or pertaining to a mean or average.--_n._ one of the sonant-mute group, _g_, _d_, _b_, intermediate between the surd or smooth group (_c_, _t_, _p_) and the rough or aspirate group (_gh_, _dh_, _bh_, _kh_, _th_, _ph_). [Low L. _medialis_--L. _medius_, middle.]

MEDIAN, m[=e]'di-an, _adj._ being in the middle, running through the middle: situated in the median plane, that dividing the body longitudinally into symmetrical halves.--_adv._ MED'IANLY.--_n._ MED'IANT (_mus._), the third tone of a diatonic scale. [L. _medianus_--_medius_, middle.]

MEDIAN, m[=e]'di-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Media_ or the _Medes_, an ancient Aryan race which became fused with the Persians under the victorious Cyrus about 550 B.C.--_n._ MEDE, a member of this race.

MEDIASTINUM, m[=e]-di-as-t[=i]'num, _n._ a membranous septum or cavity between two principal portions of an organ, esp. the folds of the pleura and the space between the right and left lungs.--_adj._ MEDIAST[=I]'NAL. [L., _medius_.]

MEDIATE, m[=e]'di-[=a]t, _adj._ middle: between two extremes: acting by or as a means: not direct and independent: dependent on some intervening thing.--_v.i._ to interpose between parties as a friend of each: to intercede: to hold a mediate position: to act as a spiritualistic medium.--_v.t._ to bring about by mediation: to effect a relation between two things.--_n._ M[=E]'DIACY.--_adv._ M[=E]'DIATELY.--_ns._ M[=E]'DIATENESS, state of being mediate; MEDI[=A]'TION, the act of mediating or coming between: entreaty for another; MEDIATIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ M[=E]'DIAT[=I]SE, to cause to act in a subordinate position or through an agent: to annex, or to subordinate, as a smaller state to a larger neighbouring one.--_adj._ M[=E]'DIATIVE.--_n._ M[=E]'DIATOR, one who mediates between parties at strife:--_fem._ MEDIAT'RESS, M[=E]'DIATRIX.--_adj._ MEDIAT[=O]'RIAL, belonging to a mediator or intercessor.--_adv._ MEDIAT[=O]'RIALLY.--_n._ MEDIAT'ORSHIP, the office of a mediator.--_adj._ M[=E]'DIATORY. [Low L. _medi[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--L. _medius_.]

MEDIC, med'ik, _n._ one of several plants of the genus _Medicago_, esp. the purple medic or lucerne--leguminous plants, with leaves like those of clover.--Also MED'ICK. [L. _medica_--Gr. _m[=e]dik[=e]_ (_poa_), 'median' (grass).]

MEDICAL, med'i-kal, _adj._ relating to the art of healing diseases: containing that which heals: intended to promote the study of medicine.--_adv._ MED'ICALLY.--MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE (see JURISPRUDENCE). [Fr.,--Low L. _medicalis_--L. _medicus_, pertaining to healing, a physician--_med[=e]ri_, to heal.]

MEDICATE, med'i-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to treat with medicine: to impregnate with anything medicinal.--_adj._ MED'ICABLE, that may be healed.--_n._ MED'ICAMENT, anything used for healing: a medicine: healing power.--_adj._ MEDICAMEN'TAL.--_n._ MED'ICASTER, an ignorant physician.--_adj._ MED'ICATED, mixed with medicine: made medicinal: treated with medicine.--_n._ MEDIC[=A]'TION, the act or process of medicating or of mixing with medicinal substances: the use of medicine.--_adj._ MED'ICATIVE, having the power of healing: tending to heal.--_n._ MEDIC[=A]'TOR, any medical appliance. [L. _medic[=a]re_, to heal--_medicus_.]

MEDICEAN, med-i-s[=e]'an, _adj._ relating to the _Medici_, a distinguished Florentine family which attained to sovereign power in the 15th century, and became extinct in 1737.

MEDICINE, med'i-sin, or med'sin, _n._ anything applied for the cure or lessening of disease or pain, whether simple or compound (made up of more than one ingredient): the science which treats of the prevention or cure of disease: a charm.--_v.t._ to treat or cure by medicine.--_adj._ MEDIC'INAL, relating to medicine: fitted to cure or to lessen disease or pain.--_adv._ MEDIC'INALLY.--_ns._ MED'ICINE-BAG, a Red Indian's receptacle for charms; MED'ICINE-CHEST, a chest for keeping medicines in a ship, &c.; MED'ICINE-MAN, among savages, a witch-doctor or exorciser.--_adjs._ MED'ICO-CHIRUR'GICAL, relating to both medicine and surgery; MED'ICO-L[=E]'GAL, relating to the application of medicine to questions of law. [Fr.,--L. _medicina_--_medicus_.]

MEDIEVAL, MEDIÆVAL, m[=e]-di-[=e]'val, _adj._ relating to the Middle Ages.--_ns._ MEDI[=E]'VALISM, the spirit of the Middle Ages, devotion to medieval ideals; MEDI[=E]'VALIST, MEDIÆ'VALIST, one versed in the history of the Middle Ages.--MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE, MEDIEVAL ART, the style of architecture and art used in public buildings in Europe from the 4th to the 16th century. [L. _medius_, middle, _ævum_, age.]

MEDIO-, MEDI-, middle, in compounds like _mediocarpal_, _mediodorsal_, _mediotarsal_, _medioventral_. [L. _medius_, middle.]

MEDIOCRE, m[=e]'di-[=o]-k[.e]r, _adj._ of middling extent or quality: moderate.--_n._ MEDIOC'RITY, a middle state or condition: a moderate degree: a person of little power or importance. [Fr.,--L. _mediocris_--_medius_, middle.]

MEDISM, m[=e]d'izm, _n._ the adoption of Persian interests--to a Greek, a treachery to his country.

MEDITATE, med'i-t[=a]t, _v.i._ to consider thoughtfully: to purpose (with on, upon).--_v.t._ to think on: to revolve in the mind: to intend.--_adj._ MED'ITATED, thought of: planned.--_n._ MEDIT[=A]'TION, the act of meditating: deep thought: serious contemplation: the direction of the thoughts of others, in a discourse, &c.: a literary or musical theme treated in a meditative manner.--_adj._ MED'ITATIVE, given to meditation: expressing design.--_adv._ MED'ITATIVELY.--_n._ MED'ITATIVENESS. [L. _medit[=a]ri_, prob. cog. with L. _med[=e]ri_, to heal.]

MEDITERRANEAN, med-i-t[.e]r-r[=a]'ne-an, _adj._ situated in the middle of earth or land: inland--also MEDITERR[=A]'NEOUS.--MEDITERRANEAN SEA, so called from being, as it were, in the middle of the land of the Old World. [L., _medius_, middle, _terra_, earth.]

MEDIUM, m[=e]'di-um, _n._ the middle: the middle place or degree: any intervening means, instrument, or agency: the substance in which bodies exist, or through which they move: in spiritualism, the person through whom spirits are said to make themselves seen or heard:--_pl._ M[=E]'DIUMS, or M[=E]'DIA.--_adjs._ M[=E]'DIUM, mediocre; MEDIUMIS'TIC, of or pertaining to spiritualistic mediums.--CIRCULATING MEDIUM, money passing from hand to hand, as coin, bank-notes, &c. [L.]

MEDIUS, m[=e]'di-us, _n._ the middle finger of the hand.

MEDJIDIE, me-jid'i-e, _n._ a Turkish order of knighthood instituted in 1852, having five classes. [Turk. _mej[=i]d_, glorious.]

MEDLAR, med'lar, _n._ a small tree of the rose family, or its fruit. [O. Fr. _meslier_, a medlar-tree--L. _mespilum_--Gr. _mespilon_.]

MEDLEY, med'li, _n._ a mingled and confused mass: a miscellany: a song or piece of music made up of bits from various sources continuously: a cloth woven from yarn of different colours: (_obs._) a mêlée, fight. [O. Fr. _medler_, _mesler_, to mix.]

MÉDOC, me-dok', _n._ a French wine produced in the district of _Médoc_, department of Gironde.

MEDORRHEA, m[=e]-dor-[=e]'a, _n._ mucous discharge from the genitals. [Gr. _m[=e]dos_, bladder, _rhoia_, a flowing.]

MEDULLA, me-dul'a, _n._ the inner portion of an organ or part, as the pith of a hair, spinal cord, or its continuation within the cranium, (_medulla oblongata_): the pith of a plant, the thallus in lichens, &c.--_adjs._ MEDULL'AR, -Y, consisting of, or resembling, marrow or pith; MED'ULLATED, provided with a medullary sheath.--_n._ MEDULL'IN, the cellulose in the medulla of plants like the lilac.--_adj._ MED'ULLOSE, like pith.--MEDULLARY RAYS, the bands of cells in various trees extending across the wood from the pith to the bark; MEDULLARY SHEATH (_bot._), a thin layer surrounding the pith. [L. _medulla_, marrow.]

MEDUSA, me-d[=u]'sa, _n._ one of the three Gorgons, whose head, cut off by Perseus, and placed in the ægis of Minerva, had the power of turning those who looked on it into stone: the name given to the common kinds of jelly-fishes, prob. from the likeness of their tentacles to the snakes on Medusa's head:--_pl._ MED[=U]'SÆ, a division of hydrozoans.--_adjs._ MED[=U]'SIFORM, MED[=U]'SOID--also _ns._ [Gr., 'ruler,' fem.]

MEED, m[=e]d, _n._ wages: reward: what is bestowed for merit. [A.S. _méd_, _meord_; Ger. _miethe_.]

MEEK, m[=e]k, _adj._ mild and gentle of temper: submissive.--_adv._ MEEK'LY.--_n._ MEEK'NESS, state or quality of being meek. [Ice. _mjúkr_; Dut. _muik_.]

MEER, m[=e]r, _n._ a form of _mere_.

MEERSCHAUM, m[=e]r'shawm, _n._ a fine light whitish clay making excellent tobacco-pipes--once supposed to be a petrified sea-scum: a pipe made of this material. [Ger. _meer_, sea, _schaum_, foam.]

MEET, m[=e]t, _adj._ fitting: qualified.--_adv._ MEET'LY.--_n._ MEET'NESS. [A.S. _ge-met_--_metan_, to measure.]

MEET, m[=e]t, _v.t._ to come face to face: to encounter in conflict: to find or experience; to refute: be suitable to: satisfy, as by payment: to receive as a welcome.--_v.i._ to come together from different points: to assemble: to have an encounter: to balance or come out correct:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ met.--_n._ a meeting, as of huntsmen.--_ns._ MEET'ING, a coming face to face for friendly or hostile ends: an interview: an assembly: a crossing of two roads: a junction of two rivers; MEET'ING-HOUSE, a house or building where people, esp. Dissenters, meet for public worship; RACE'-MEET'ING, a stated occasion for horse-racing.--MEET HALF-WAY, to make mutual concessions; MEET THE EAR, or EYE, to be told, or shown, anything distinctly: to be readily apparent; MEET WITH, to come to or upon, esp. unexpectedly: (_Bacon_) to obviate (as an objection).--WELL MET, an old complimentary greeting. [A.S. _métan_, to meet--_mót_, _ge-mót_, a meeting.]

MEGACEPHALOUS, meg-a-sef'a-lus, _adj._ large-headed.

MEGAFARAD, meg'a-far-ad, _n._ in electrometry, a unit equal to a million farads.

MEGALICHTHYS, meg-a-lik'this, _n._ a genus of extinct ganoid fishes. [Gr. _megas_, _megal[=e]_, great, _ichthys_, a fish.]

MEGALITH, meg'a-lith, _n._ a huge stone.--_adj._ MEGALITH'IC. [Gr. _megas_, great, _lithos_, a stone.]

MEGALOMANIA, meg-a-l[=o]-m[=a]'ni-a, _n._ the delusion that one is great or powerful. [Gr. _megas_, great, _mania_.]

MEGALOSAURUS, meg-a-l[=o]-saw'rus, _n._ a gigantic extinct reptile of carnivorous habits.--_adj._ MEGALOSAU'RIAN. [Gr. _megas_, _megal[=e]_, great, _sauros_, a lizard.]

MEGAPHONE, meg'a-f[=o]n, _n._ an appliance for making words audible--a form of speaking-trumpet.

MEGAPODIDÆ, meg-a-pod'i-d[=e], _n._ mound-birds (q.v.).

MEGASCOPE, meg'a-sk[=o]p, _n._ a form of solar microscope for throwing enlarged images on a screen: (_phot._) an enlarging camera.

MEGATHERIUM, meg-a-th[=e]'ri-um, _n._ a gigantic extinct quadruped of the order _Edentata_, found in the pampas of South America. [Gr. _megas_, great, _th[=e]rion_, wild beast.]

MEGILP, me-gilp'. See MAGILP.

MEGOHM, meg'[=o]m, _n._ a unit of electrical resistance, equal to one million ohms. [Gr. _megas_, great, and _ohm_.]

MEGRIM, m[=e]'grim, _n._ a pain affecting only one half of the head or face: lowness of spirits: a sudden sickness of a horse at work. [Fr. _migraine_--Gr. _h[=e]micrania_--_h[=e]mi_, half, _kranion_, skull.]

MEINY, m[=e]'ni, _n._ (_Shak._) a retinue or company of servants attending upon a person of high rank. [O. Fr. _mesnie_, a company, through Low L. forms, from L. _mansio_, a dwelling.]

MEIOCENE. Same as MIOCENE.

MEIOSIS, m[=i]-[=o]'sis, _n._ (_rhet._) a figure of speech representing a thing as less than it is. [Gr.]

MEISTERSINGER, m[=i]s't[.e]r-sing'[.e]r, _n._ one of the burgher poets and musicians of Germany in the 14th-16th centuries, the successors of the Minnesingers. [Ger.]

MELAMPODE, mel-am'p[=o]d, _n._ (_Spens._) the black hellebore. [Gr.]

MELANÆMIA, mel-a-n[=e]'mi-a, _n._ a morbid condition of the blood in which the vessels contain an unusual quantity of dark colouring matter.

MELANCHOLY, mel'an-kol-i, _n._ continued depression of spirits: dejection: a gloomy state of mind causing groundless fears: (_Milt._) pensiveness.--_adj._ gloomy: producing grief.--_n._ MELANCH[=O]'LIA, a form of insanity, in which there is continued depression or pain of mind.--_adjs._ MELANCHOL'IC, MELANCH[=O]'LIOUS, affected with, or caused by, melancholy: dejected: mournful. [Through Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _melancholia_--_melan_, black, _chol[=e]_, bile.]

MELANGE, m[=a]-longzh', _n._ a mixture: a medley. [Fr.]

MELANIC, me-lan'ik, _adj._ black.--_n._ MEL'ANISM, an undue development of colouring matter in the skin and its appendages.--_adj._ MELANIS'TIC.--_n._ MEL'ANITE, a deep-black variety of garnet.--_adjs._ MELANOCHR[=O]'IC, MELANOCH'R[=O]OUS, dark-coloured; MEL'ANOID, dark-looking.--_n._ MELAN[=O]'SIS, an abnormal deposition of pigmentary matter in such organs as the spleen, liver, &c.: the condition of the system associated with such, black degeneration.--_adjs._ MELANOT'IC; MEL'ANOUS, dark-complexioned.--_n._ MELAN[=U]'RIA, the presence of a dark pigment in the urine.--_adj._ MELAN[=U]'RIC.--_ns._ MEL'APHYRE, a pre-Tertiary basalt, usually altered; MELAS'MA, a skin disease showing dark discolouration in spots.

MÊLÉE, m[=a]-l[=a]', _n._ a fight in which the combatants are mingled together: a confused conflict: an affray. [Fr.,--_mêler_, to mix.]

MELIBEAN, MELIBOEAN, mel-i-b[=e]'an, _adj._ in poetry, alternately responsive--from the name of a shepherd in Virgil's first eclogue.

MELIC, mel'ik, _adj._ pertaining to song.

MELILOT, mel'i-lot, _n._ a genus of clover-like plants with white or yellow flowers and a peculiar sweet odour. [Gr. _melil[=o]tos_--_meli_, honey, _l[=o]tos_, lotus.]

MELINITE, m[=a]'lin-[=i]t, _n._ an explosive of great force obtained from picric acid. [Fr.]

MELIORATE, m[=e]'lyo-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to make better.--_v.i._ to grow better.--_ns._ MELIOR[=A]'TION, the act of making or becoming better; MELIOR[=A]'TOR, an improver; M[=E]'LIORISM, the doctrine that the world is capable of improvement, as opposed to _Optimism_ and _Pessimism_; M[=E]'LIORIST, one who holds this doctrine; MELIOR'ITY, the state of being better: betterness. [L. _melior[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to make better.]

MELIPHAGOUS, mel-if'a-gus, _adj._ feeding upon honey. [Gr. _meli_, honey, _phagein_, to eat.]

MELL, mel, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to mingle: to be concerned with: to meddle. [_Meddle_.]

MELLAY, mel'[=a], _n._ another form of _mêlée_.

MELLIFEROUS, mel-if'[.e]r-us, _adj._ honey-producing.--_adj._ MELLIF'IC, honey-making.--_ns._ MELLIFIC[=A]'TION, the production of honey; MELLIF'LUENCE, a flow of sweetness: a smooth sweet flow.--_adjs._ MELLIF'LUENT, MELLIF'LUOUS, flowing with honey or sweetness: smooth.--_advs._ MELLIF'LUENTLY, MELLIF'LUOUSLY.--_adj._ MELLIG'ENOUS, producing honey.--_n._ MELL'ITE, honey stone.--_adjs._ MELLIT'IC; MELLIV'OROUS, eating honey. [L. _mellifer_--_mel_, honey, _ferre_, to bear.]

MELLOW, mel'[=o], _adj._ soft and ripe: well matured: soft to the touch, palate, ear, &c.: genial: half-tipsy.--_v.t._ to soften by ripeness or age: to mature.--_v.i._ to become soft: to be matured.--_adv._ MELL'OWLY.--_n._ MELL'OWNESS, softness: maturity.--_adj._ MELL'OWY, soft: friable. [A.S. _mearu_, soft; Dut. _murw_, _mollig_, L. _mollis_, Gr. _malakos_.]

MELOCOTON, mel'[=o]-kot-on, _n._ (_Bacon_) a quince: a large kind of peach.--Also MEL'OCOTOON. [Late L. _melum cotoneum_ (a corr. of _Cydonium_), a quince, lit. apple of _Cydonia_, in Crete.]

MELODRAMA, mel-o-dram'a, _n._ a kind of romantic and sensational drama, formerly largely intermixed with songs--also MEL'ODRAME.--_adj._ MELODRAMAT'IC, of the nature of melodrama: overstrained: sensational.--_n._ MELODRAM'ATIST, a writer of melodramas. [Gr. _melos_, a song, _drama_, a play.]

MELODY, mel'o-di, _n._ an air or tune: music: an agreeable succession of single musical sounds, as distinguished from _harmony_ or the concord of a succession of simultaneous sounds.--_n._ MEL[=O]'DEON, a small reed organ: an improved variety of the accordeon.--_adj._ MELOD'IC--_n.pl._ MELOD'ICS, the branch of music concerned with melody.--_adj._ MEL[=O]'DIOUS, full of melody: agreeable to the ear.--_adv._ MEL[=O]'DIOUSLY.--_n._ MEL[=O]'DIOUSNESS.--_v.t._ MEL'ODISE, to make melodious: to reduce to the form of a melody.--_v.i._ to compose or sing melodies.--_n._ MEL'ODIST. [Fr.,--Late L.--Gr. _mel[=o]dia_--_melos_, a song, _[=o]d[=e]_, a lay.]

MELON, mel'un, _n._ a kind of cucumber and its fruit, which in shape resembles an apple. [Fr.,--L. _melo_, _-onis_--Gr. _m[=e]lon_, an apple.]

MELPOMENE, mel-pom'e-ne, _n._ the Muse of tragedy. [Gr. _melpom[)e]n[=e]_, songstress.]

MELROSE, mel'r[=o]z, _n._ honey of roses.

MELT, melt, _v.t._ to make liquid, to dissolve: to soften: to waste away.--_v.i._ to become liquid: to dissolve: to become tender or mild: to lose distinct form: to be discouraged:--_pa.p._ melted, or molten.--_n._ MELT'ING, the act of making liquid or of dissolving: the act of softening or rendering tender.--_adv._ MELT'INGLY.--_n._ MELT'ING-POT, a crucible. [A.S. _meltan_; Ice. _melta_, Gr. _meldein_.]

MELTON, mel'ton, _n._ a strong cloth for men's wear, the surface without nap, neither pressed nor finished.

MEMBER, mem'b[.e]r, _n._ an integral part of a whole, esp. a limb of an animal: a clause: one of a society: a representative in a legislative body.--_adj._ MEM'BERED, having limbs.--_n._ MEM'BERSHIP, the state of being a member or one of a society: the members of a body regarded as a whole.--_adj._ MEM'BRAL, pertaining to the limbs rather than the trunk. MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT, a member of the House of Commons, M.P. [Fr. _membre_--L. _membrum_.]

MEMBRANE, mem'br[=a]n, _n._ (_anat._) one of the thin textures which cover the organs or line the cavities or canals of the body: the film containing the seeds of a plant.--_adjs._ MEMBRAN'EOUS, MEM'BRANOUS, MEMBRAN[=A]'CEOUS, relating to, consisting of, or like a membrane; MEMBRANIF'EROUS; MEM'BRANIFORM.--MUCOUS MEMBRANE, the membrane lining the various channels of the body which communicate with the outside. [Fr.,--L. _membrana_--_membrum_.]

MEMENTO, me-men't[=o], _n._ something to awaken memory: a reminder of what is past or of what is yet to come:--_pl._ MEMEN'TOS.--MEMENTO MORI, remember death: an ornament by its form reminding one of death. [L., imper. of _meminisse_, to remember.]

MEMNON, mem'non, _n._ a hero who fought for Troy against the Greeks: a statue at Thebes in Egypt which gave out a musical sound at sunrise. [Gr.]

MEMOIR, mem'wor, or me-moir', _n._ a sketch or description of something as remembered by the writer: a short biographical sketch of some one now dead: a record of facts personally found out on any subject: the transactions of a society.--_ns._ MEM'OIRISM, the act or art of writing memoirs; MEM'OIRIST, a writer of memoirs. [Fr. _mémoire_--L. _memoria_, memory--_memor_, mindful.]

MEMORY, mem'o-ri, _n._ the power of retaining and reproducing mental or sensory impressions: a having or keeping in the mind: time within which past things can be remembered: that which is remembered: commemoration: remembrance.--_n.pl._ MEMORABIL'IA, things worth remembering: noteworthy points.--_adj._ MEM'ORABLE, deserving to be remembered: remarkable.--_adv._ MEM'ORABLY.--_n._ MEMORAN'DUM, something to be remembered: a note to assist the memory: (_law_) a brief note of some transaction: (_diplomacy_) a summary of the state of a _question_:--_pl._ MEMORAN'DUMS, MEMORAN'DA.--_adjs._ MEM'OR[=A]TIVE, pertaining to memory: aiding the memory; MEM[=O]'RIAL, bringing to memory: contained in memory.--_n._ that which serves to keep in remembrance: a monument: a note to help the memory: a written statement forming the ground of a petition, laid before a legislative or other body: (_B._) memory.--_v.t._ MEM[=O]'RIALISE, to present a memorial to: to petition by a memorial.--_n._ MEM[=O]'RIALIST, one who writes, signs, or presents a memorial.--_v.t._ MEM'ORISE, to commit to memory: (_Shak._) to cause to be remembered.--_adv._ MEMOR'ITER, from memory: by heart.

MEMPHIAN, mem'fi-an, _adj._ relating to _Memphis_, an ancient capital of Egypt.--Also MEM'PHITE, MEMPHIT'IC.

MEN, plural of _man_.

MENACE, men'[=a]s, _v.t._ to threaten.--_v.i._ to act in a threatening manner.--_n._ a threat or threatening: a show of an intention to do harm.--_adj._ MEN'ACING, overhanging: threatening.--_adv._ MEN'ACINGLY. [Fr.,--L. _minaciæ_, threats--_minæ_, the overhanging points of a wall.]

MENAGE, obsolete form of _manage_.

MENAGE, me-nazh', _n._ a household: the management of a house: a club of working-men. [Fr. through Late L.,--L. _mansio_, _-onis_, a dwelling.]

MENAGERIE, men-aj'[.e]r-i, _n._ a place for keeping wild animals for exhibition: a collection of such animals.--Also MENAG'ERY. [Fr., from _ménage_.]

MENAGOGUE, men'a-gog, _n._ a medicine that promotes the menstrual flux.

MEND, mend, _v.t._ to remove a fault: to repair, as something broken or worn: to make better: to correct, improve.--_v.i._ to grow better.--_ns._ MEND'ER, one who mends; MEND'ING, the act of repairing: things requiring to be mended. [Short for _amend_.]

MENDACIOUS, men-d[=a]'shus, _adj._ given to lying: speaking falsely: of the nature of a lie.--_adv._ MEND[=A]'CIOUSLY.--_n._ MENDAC'ITY, a tendency to lying: a habit of lying: falsehood. [L. _mendax_, _-acis_, conn. with _ment[=i]ri_, to lie.]

MENDICANT, men'di-kant, _adj._ in the condition of a beggar: practising beggary.--_n._ one who is in extreme want: a beggar: a member of one of the R.C. orders who live by begging: a begging friar.--_ns._ MEN'DICANCY, MENDIC'ITY, the state of being a mendicant or beggar: the life of a beggar.--MENDICANT ORDERS, religious bodies who depended on begging for their support. [L. _mendicans_, _-antis_, pr.p. of _mendic[=a]re_, to beg--_mendicus_, a beggar.]

MENDS, mendz, for _amends_.

MENHADEN, men-h[=a]'dn, _n._ a species of herring or shad, found off the east coast of the United States.

MENHIR, men'h[=e]r, _n._ a tall, often massive, stone, set up on end as a monument in ancient times, either singly or in groups, circles, &c. [W. _maen_, a stone, _hir_, long.]

MENIAL, m[=e]'ni-al, _adj._ of or pertaining to a train of servants: doing servile work: low.--_n._ a domestic servant: one performing servile work: a person of servile disposition. [O. Fr., _mesnee_, a household. See MANSION.]

MENINX, m[=e]'ningks, _n._ one of three membranes that envelop the brain:--_pl._ MENINIGES (men-in'j[=e]z).--_adj._ MENING'EAL.--_ns._ MENINGITIS (-j[=i]'-), inflammation of the membranes investing the brain or spinal cord; MENING'OCELE, hernia of those membranes. [Gr. _meninx_, _meningos_, a membrane.]

MENISCUS, m[=e]-nis'kus, _n._ a crescent or a new moon: a lens hollow on one side and bulging on the other.--_adjs._ MENIS'CAL; MENIS'CATE; MENIS'CIFORM; MENIS'COID. [Gr. _m[=e]n[=e]_, the moon, _-iskos_, small.]

MENNONITE, men'on-[=i]t, _n._ one of a Protestant sect, combining some of the distinctive characteristics of the Baptists and Friends. [From _Menno_ Simons (died 1559), their chief founder.]

MENOLOGY, m[=e]-nol'o-ji, _n._ a register of months: a list or calendar of martyrs, with festivals celebrated, &c.

MENOPOME, men'o-p[=o]m, _n._ a large North American amphibian--from its persistent gill-aperture. [Gr. _menein_, to remain, _p[=o]ma_, lid.]

MENSAL, men'sal, _adj._ occurring once in a month: monthly.--Also MEN'SUAL.

MENSAL, men'sal, _adj._ belonging to the table. [L.]

MENSE, mens, _n._ (_Scot._) propriety: ornament: credit.--_v.t._ to grace or set off something.--_adjs._ MENSE'FUL, decorous: respectable; MENSE'LESS, graceless, uncivil. [M. E. _mensk_--A.S. _mennisc_, mannish.]

MENSES, men's[=e]z, _n.pl._ the monthly discharge from the uterus.--_ns._ MEN'OPAUSE, the final cessation of the menses; MENORRH[=A]'GIA (_phys._), the ordinary flow of the menses: (_path._) an immoderate menstrual discharge.--_adj._ MENORRHAG'IC.--_n._ MENOS'TASIS, the retention of the menses.--_n.pl._ MEN'STRUA, the menses.--_adjs._ MEN'STRUAL, monthly; MEN'STRUANT, subject to menses.--_v.i._ MEN'STRU[=A]TE, to discharge the menses.--_n._ MENSTRU[=A]'TION.--_adj._ MEN'STRUOUS, having or belonging to menses. [Pl. of L. _mensis_, a month.]

MENSTRUUM, men'str[=oo]-um, _n._ any fluid substance which dissolves a solid body.

MENSURABLE, mens'[=u]-ra-bl, _adj._ that can be measured: measurable.--_n._ MENSURABIL'ITY, quality of being mensurable.--_adj._ MENS'URAL, pertaining to measure.--_n._ MENSUR[=A]'TION, the act or art of finding by measurement and calculation the length, area, volume, &c. of bodies.--_adj._ MENSUR[=A]'TIVE. [L. _mensur[=a]re_, to measure.]

MENT, ment (_obs._), _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _ming_, to mix.

MENTAL, men'tal, _adj._ pertaining to the mind: done in the mind.--_ns._ MENTAL'ITY, MENT[=A]'TION.--_adv._ MEN'TALLY.--_adjs._ MENTICUL'TURAL, improving the mind; MENTIF'EROUS, conveying thought, telepathic.--MENTAL ALIENATION, insanity; MENTAL ARITHMETIC, arithmetic performed without the help of written figures. [Fr.,--L. _mens_, _mentis_, the mind.]

MENTHOL, men'thol, _n._ a camphor obtained from oil of peppermint by cooling, which gives relief in neuralgia, &c. [L. _mentha_, mint.]

MENTION, men'shun, _n._ a brief notice: a hint.--_v.t._ to notice briefly: to remark: to name.--_adj._ MEN'TIONABLE, fit to be mentioned. [L. _mentio_, _-onis_.]

MENTONNIÈRE, men-ton-ny[=a]r', _n._ a piece of armour attached to the helmet, worn to protect the chin and throat. [Fr., _menton_, the chin--L. _mentum_.]

MENTOR, men'tor, _n._ a wise counsellor.--_adj._ MENTOR'IAL. [Gr. _Ment[=o]r_, the tutor of Telemachus.]

MENTUM, men'tum, _n._ the chin: the central part of the labium in insects: (_bot._) a projection in front of the flower in some orchids.--_n._ MENTAG'RA, an eruption about the chin forming a crust.--_adj._ MEN'TAL (_anat._), pertaining to the chin. [L., the chin.]

MENU, men'ü, _n._ a bill of fare. [Fr.,--L. _minutus_, small.]

MEPHISTOPHELES, mef-is-tof'e-l[=e]z, _n._ the name of the devil in Marlowe's _Doctor Faustus_ and Goethe's _Faust_.--_adj._ MEPHISTOPH[=E]'LEAN, cynical, scoffing, malicious. [Ety. unknown; prob. formed from Gr. _m[=e]_, not, _ph[=o]s_ (_phot-_), light, _philos_, loving.]

MEPHITIS, me-f[=i]'tis, _n._ a poisonous exhalation from the ground or from decaying substances--also MEPH[=I]'TISM.--_adjs._ MEPHIT'IC, -AL. [L. _mephitis_.]

MERCANTILE, m[.e]r'kan-t[=i]l, _adj._ pertaining to merchants: having to do with trade: commercial.--_ns._ MER'CANTILISM; MER'CANTILIST.--MERCANTILE AGENCY, a means of getting information about the circumstances of merchants all over the country, for the use of those who sell to them; MERCANTILE LAW, the points of law referring to the dealings of merchants with each other; MERCANTILE MARINE, the ships and their crews which in any country are employed in commerce; MERCANTILE SYSTEM (_polit. econ._), the system of encouraging exportation and restricting importation, so that more may be received than is paid away. [Fr.,--Low L.--L. _mercans_, _-antis_, pr.p. of _merc[=a]ri_, to trade--_merx_, _mercis_, merchandise--_mer[=e]re_, to gain.]

MERCATOR'S PROJECTION. See under PROJECT.

MERCENARY, m[.e]r'se-nar-i, _adj._ hired for money: actuated by the hope of reward: greedy of gain: sold or done for money.--_n._ one who is hired: a soldier hired into foreign service.--_adv._ MER'CENARILY. [Fr.,--L., _mercenarius_--_merces_, hire.]

MERCER, m[.e]r's[.e]r, _n._ a merchant in silks and woollen cloths, or in small wares.--_n._ MER'CERY, the trade of a mercer: the goods of a mercer. [Fr. _mercier_.]

MERCHANT, m[.e]r'chant, _n._ one who carries on trade, esp. on a large scale: one who buys and sells goods: a trader: (_obs._) a supercargo: a merchant-vessel.--_adj._ pertaining to trade or merchandise.--_v.i._ MERCH'AND (_Bacon_), to trade or traffic.--_n._ MER'CHAND[=I]SE, goods bought and sold for gain: (_B._ and _Shak._) trade: dealing.--_adjs._ MER'CHANTABLE, suitable for sale: inferior to the very best, but suitable for ordinary purposes; MER'CHANT-LIKE (_Shak._), like a merchant.--_ns._ MER'CHANTMAN, a trading-ship: (_B._) a merchant:--_pl._ MER'CHANTMEN; MER'CHANTRY, the business of a merchant; merchants collectively.--MERCHANT PRINCE, one who has made a great fortune as a merchant; MERCHANT SERVICE, the ships, &c., engaged in commerce: the commerce which is carried on by sea; MERCHANT SHIP or VESSEL, a ship used for carrying goods; MERCHANT TAILOR, a tailor who supplies the cloth for the clothes which he makes. [Fr. _marchand_.]

MERCURY, m[.e]r'k[=u]-ri, _n._ the god of merchandise and eloquence, and the messenger of the gods: the planet nearest the sun: a white, liquid metal, also called _quicksilver_: the column of mercury in a thermometer or barometer: a messenger: a newspaper.--_adj._ MERC[=U]'RIAL, having the qualities said to belong to the god Mercury: active: sprightly: often changing: of or pertaining to trade: containing, or consisting of, mercury--also MERC[=U]'RIC.--_v.t._ MERC[=U]'RIALISE (_med._), to affect with mercury: to expose to the vapour of mercury.--_n._ MERC[=U]'RIALIST.--_adv._ MERC[=U]'RIALLY.--_n._ MERCURIFIC[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ MERC[=U]'RIFY.--_adj._ MER'C[=U]ROUS. [Fr.,--L. _Mercurius_--_merx_, _mercis_, merchandise.]

MERCY, m[.e]r'si, _n._ tenderness and forbearance shown in sparing an offender in one's power: a forgiving disposition: clemency: an act of mercy: an undeserved blessing: compassion or benevolence.--_adjs._ MER'CIABLE (_Spens._), merciful; MER'CIFUL, full of, or exercising, mercy.--_adv._ MER'CIFULLY.--_n._ MER'CIFULNESS.--_v.t._ MER'CIFY (_Spens._), to deal mercifully with, to pity.--_adj._ MER'CILESS, without mercy: unfeeling: cruel.--_adv._ MER'CILESSLY.--_ns._ MER'CILESSNESS, want of mercy; MER'CY-SEAT, the seat or place of mercy; the covering of the Jewish Ark of the Covenant: the throne of God.--AT THE MERCY OF (another), wholly in the power of; FOR MERCY! or FOR MERCY'S SAKE! an exclamatory appeal to pity; GREAT MERCY=_Gramercy_; SISTERS OF MERCY, members of female religious communities who tend the sick, &c. [Fr. _merci_, grace--L. _merces_, _mercedis_, pay, in later L. also 'favour.']

MERE, m[=e]r, _n._ a pool or lake.--Also MEER. [A.S. _mere_; Ger. and Dut. _meer_, L. _mare_, the sea.]

MERE, m[=e]r, _adj._ unmixed: pure: only this and nothing else: alone: absolute.--_adj._ MERED (_Shak._), only, entire.--_adv._ MERE'LY, purely, simply: only: thus and no other way: solely. [L. _merus_, unmixed (of wine).]

MERE, m[=e]r, _n._ a boundary.--_v.t._ to limit or bound.--_ns._ MERE'STEAD, the land within the boundaries of a farm: MERE'STONE, a stone which marks a boundary. [A.S. _ge-m['æ]re_.]

MERETRICIOUS, mer-e-trish'us, _adj._ of or pertaining to harlots: alluring by false show: gaudy and deceitful: false.--_adv._ MERETRIC'IOUSLY.--_ns._ MERETRIC'IOUSNESS; MER'ETRIX, a harlot. [L. _meretricius_--_meretrix_, a harlot, _mer[=e]re_, to earn.]

MERGANSER, m[.e]r-gan's[.e]r, _n._ a diving bird, sea-duck. [L. _mergus_, a diving bird, _anser_, a goose.]

MERGE, m[.e]rj, _v.t._ to dip or plunge in: to sink: to cause to be swallowed up.--_v.i._ to be swallowed up, or lost.--_n._ MER'GER (_law_), a sinking of an estate or a security in one of larger extent or of higher value. [L. _merg[)e]re_, _mersum_.]

MERICARP, mer'i-karp, _n._ one carpel or part of the fruit of an umbelliferous plant. [Gr. _meros_, a part, _karpos_, fruit.]

MERIDIAN, me-rid'i-an, _adj._ pertaining to midday: being on the meridian or at midday: raised to the highest point.--_n._ midday: a midday dram: the highest point, as of success: an imaginary circle on the earth's surface passing through the poles and any given place: (_astron._) an imaginary circle, passing through the poles of the heavens, and the zenith of the spectator, which the sun crosses at midday.--_adj._ MERID'IONAL, pertaining to the meridian: southern: having a southern aspect.--_n._ MERIDIONAL'ITY.--_adv._ MERID'IONALLY.--MERIDIAN SPLENDOUR, fullest point of brightness; MERIDIAN SUN, the sun at its full height, as at midday.--FIRST MERIDIAN, the meridian passing through Greenwich, from which longitudes are measured east or west; MAGNETIC MERIDIAN (see MAGNETIC). [Fr.,--L. _meridianus_, from _meridies_ (orig. _medidies_), midday--_medius_, middle, _dies_, day.]

MERINGUE, me-rang', _n._ a mixture of sugar and white of eggs slightly browned for garnishing other confections: a pudding or tart covered with this.--MERINGUE GLACÉ, ice-cream with a casing of meringue. [Fr., prob. from _Mehringen_.]

MERINO, me-r[=e]'_no_, _n._ a variety of sheep having very fine wool, originally from Spain: a fine French all-wool dress fabric for women, originally of merino wool.--_adj._ belonging to the merino sheep or their wool. [Sp.,--_merino_, inspector of sheep-walks--Low L. _majorinus_, a head-man--L. _major_, greater.]

MERISTEM, mer'is-tem, _n._ the formative tissue of plants, distinguished from the permanent tissues by the power its cells have of dividing and forming new cells.--_adj._ MERISTEMAT'IC. [Gr. _meristos_, verbal adj. of _merizein_, to divide--_meros_, a part.]

MERIT, mer'it, _n._ excellence that deserves honour or reward: worth: value: that which one has earned.--_v.t._ to earn: to have a right to claim as a reward: to deserve: (_pl._, _in law_) the right or wrong of a case, apart from questions of procedure.--_adj._ MERIT[=O]'RIOUS, possessing merit or desert: deserving of reward, honour, or praise.--_adv._ MERIT[=O]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ MERIT[=O]'RIOUSNESS.--ORDER FOR MERIT, a Prussian order, the military class founded by Frederick the Great in 1740--the civil class, by Frederick William IV. in 1842 for eminence in science and art; ORDER OF MERIT, place in a class or list in which the best is placed first, the next best second, and so on. [Fr.,--L. _meritum_--_mer[=e]re_, _-[)i]tum_, to obtain as a lot, to deserve.]

MERK, m[.e]rk, _n._ an old Scotch silver coin, worth 13s. 4d. Scots, or 13-1/3d. sterling. [_Mark_.]

MERLE, m[.e]rl, _n._ the blackbird. [Fr.,--L. _merula_.]

MERLIN, m[.e]r'lin, _n._ a species of small hawk. [Fr. _émerillon_, prob. from L. _merula_.]

MERLING, mer'ling, _n._ a small gadoid fish, the whiting.

MERLON, m[.e]r'lon, _n._ (_fort._) the part of a wall with battlements which lies between two openings. [Fr., prob. through Low L. forms from L. _murus_, a wall.]

MERMAID, m[.e]r'm[=a]d, _n._ a sea-woman, having the head and body of a lovely woman to the waist, ending in the tail of a fish.--_ns._ MER'MAIDEN (_Tenn._):--_masc._ MER'MAN; MER'MAID'S-GLOVE, the largest kind of British sponge. [A.S. _mere_, a lake (influenced by Fr. _mer_, the sea), _mægden_, maid.]

MEROBLAST, mer'[=o]-blast, _n._ a meroblastic ovum.--_adj._ MEROBLAST'IC, undergoing segmentation only in the germinal disc, as the eggs of birds.

MEROGNOSTIC, mer-og-nos'tik, _n._ one who claims to know in part.--_n._ MEROGNOS'TICISM.

MEROPIDAN, me-rop'i-dan, _n._ a bird of the family of bee-eaters. [L. _merops_, the bee-eater--Gr.]

MEROSOME, mer'[=o]-s[=o]m, _n._ one of the serial segments of which a body is composed, as the ring of a worm, a metamere, a somite.

MEROVINGIAN, mer-o-vin'ji-an, _adj._ pertaining to the first dynasty of Frankish kings in Gaul, named from _Merwig_, king of the western or Salian Franks (448-457), grandfather of Clovis.

MERRY, mer'i, _adj._ sportive: cheerful: noisily gay: causing laughter: lively.--_adv._ MERR'ILY.--_ns._ MERR'IMAKE, MERR'Y-MAKE (_Spens._), a meeting for making merry, a festival, mirth.--_v.i._ to make merry, to feast.--_ns._ MERR'IMENT, MERR'INESS, gaiety with laughter and noise: mirth: hilarity; MERR'Y-AN'DREW, one who makes sport for others: a buffoon: one who goes round with a mountebank or a quack doctor--also MERR'YMAN; MERR'Y-GO-ROUND, a revolving ring of hobby-horses, &c., on which children ride round at fairs, &c.; MERR'Y-MAK'ING, a merry entertainment, a festival; MERR'Y-THOUGHT, the forked bone of a fowl's breast, which two persons pull at in play, the one who breaks off the longer part being thought likely to be first married. [A.S. _merg_, from the Celtic, as in Gael. and Ir. _mear_, _merry_, Gael. _mir_, to sport.]

MERRY, mer'i, _n._ an English wild-cherry. [Fr. _merise_.]

MERSION, m[.e]r'shun, _n._ Same as IMMERSION.

MERULIDAN, me-r[=oo]'li-dan, _n._ a bird of the thrush family (_Turdidæ_), the typical genus of which is the MER'ULA. [_Merle_.]

MERYCISM, mer'i-sizm, _n._ rumination in the human species. [Gr., _m[=e]rykizein_, to chew the cud.]

MESAIL, mes'[=a]l, _n._ the vizor of a helmet, esp. when made in two parts.

MESAL, mes'al, _adj._ See MESIAL.

MÉSALLIANCE, m[=a]-zal-l[=e]-an(g)s', _n._ a marriage with a person of lower rank or social condition. [Fr.]

MESARAIC, mes-a-r[=a]'ik, _adj._ mesenteric. [Gr. _mesos_, middle, _araia_, the belly.]

MESEEMS, me-s[=e]mz', _v.impers._ it seems to me (used only in poetry). [_Me_, the dative of _I_, and _seems_ used impersonally.]

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM, me-zem-bri-an'the-mum, _n._ a genus of succulent plants, mostly belonging to South Africa. [Gr. _mes[=e]mbria_, midday--_mesos_, middle, _h[=e]mera_, day, _anthemon_, a flower.]

MESENCEPHALON, mes-en-sef'a-lon, _n._ the mid-brain.--_adj._ MESENCEPHAL'IC.

MESENTERY, mes'en-t[.e]r-i, or mez'-, _n._ a membrane in the cavity of the abdomen, attached to the backbone, and serving to keep the intestines in their place.--_adj._ MESENTER'IC.--_n._ MESENTER[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the mesentery. [L.,--Gr. _mesenterion_--_mesos_, middle, _enteron_, intestines.]

MESFAITH, mes'f[=a]th, _n._ (_Tenn._) wrong faith, error of belief. [Fr. _mes_--L. _mis_, wrong, and _faith_.]

MESH, mesh, _n._ the opening between the threads of a net: the threads and knots which bound the opening: network.--_v.t._ to catch in a net: to engage or interlock, as gear-teeth.--_v.i._ to become engaged thus.--_n._ MESH'-WORK, a network, web.--_adj._ MESH'Y, formed like network. [A.S. _max_, a net; Ger. _masche_.]

MESIAL, m[=e]'zi-al, _adj._ pertaining to the middle: median--also MES'AL, MES'IAN.--_advs._ MES'ALLY, MES'IALLY. [Gr. _mesos_, middle.]

MESMERISE, mez'm[.e]r-[=i]z, _v.t._ to induce an extraordinary state of the nervous system, in which the operator is supposed to control the actions and thoughts of the subject.--_n._ MESMEREE', one mesmerised.--_adjs._ MESMER'IC, -AL, of or relating to mesmerism.--_ns._ MESMERIS[=A]'TION; MES'MERISER, MES'MERIST, one who mesmerises: MES'MERISM, act of mesmerising. [From Friedrich Anton or Franz _Mesmer_, a German physician (1733-1815), who first published his discovery in 1775.]

MESNE, m[=e]n, _adj._ intermediate: applied to a writ issued between the beginning and end of a suit.--MESNE LORD, one who held land of a superior, but had granted part of it to another person. [Norm. Fr. _mesne_, middle.]

MESOBLAST, mes'o-blast, _n._ the middle one of the three germinal layers of any metazoic embryo between the epiblast and the hypoblast: the mesoderm.--_adj._ MESOBLAS'TIC.

MESOCARP, mes'o-kärp, _n._ (_bot._) the middle one of the three layers of a seed-vessel.

MESOCEPHALIC, mes-[=o]-s[=e]-fal'ik, _adj._ of medium breadth or capacity--of the skull--also MESOCEPH'ALOUS.--_ns._ MESOCEPH'ALISM, MESOCEPH'ALY.

MESODERM, mes'o-derm, _n._ Same as MESOBLAST.

MESODIC, me-sod'ik, _adj._ (_pros._) pertaining to a system of different form intervening between a strophe and its antistrophe.

MESOGASTRIC, mes-o-gas'trik, _adj._ of or belonging to the middle of the stomach: denoting the membrane which sustains the stomach.

MESOPHLOEUM, mes-[=o]-fl[=e]'um, _n._ (_bot._) the middle or green layer of bark.

MESOTHORAX, mes-o-th[=o]'raks, _n._ the middle one of the three segments of an insect's thorax.--_adj._ MESOTHORAC'IC.

MESOZOIC, mes-o-z[=o]'ik, _adj._ of the _Secondary_ geological period, including the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous systems. [Gr. _mesos_, middle, _z[=o][=e]_, life.]

MESPRISE, mes-pr[=i]z', _n._ (_Spens._) contempt, scorn. [O. Fr. _mespriser_, to despise--L. _minus_, less, _preti[=a]re_, to prize.]

MESQUITE, mes'k[=e]t, mes-k[=e]t', _n._ a leguminous tree or shrub of America, with nutritious pods. [Sp.]

MESS, mes, _n._ a mixture disagreeable to the sight or taste: a medley: disorder: confusion.--_v.t._ to make a mess of: to muddle.--_adj._ MESS'Y, confused, untidy. [A form of _mash_.]

MESS, mes, _n._ a dish or quantity of food served up at one time: a number of persons who take their meals together at the same table, esp. in the army and navy: the take of fish at one time.--_v.t._ to supply with a mess.--_v.i._ to eat of a mess: to eat at a common table. [O. Fr. _mes_ (Fr. _mets_), a dish--L. _mitt[)e]re_, _missum_, to send, in Low L. to place.]

MESS, mes, _n._=mass.--MESS JOHN, a domestic chaplain.

MESSAGE, mes'[=a]j, _n._ any communication sent from one person to another: an errand: an official communication, of advice, &c., as a President's Message in the United States.--_n._ MESS'ENGER, the bearer of a message: a forerunner: a light scudding cloud preceding a storm: a piece of paper, &c., blown up the string to the kite: the secretary-bird: a rope or chain by which cables were formerly connected to the capstan when heaving up the anchor: (_Scots law_) an officer who executes the summonses of the Court of Session, called a MESS'ENGER-AT-ARMS.--QUEEN'S, or KING'S, MESSENGER, an officer who carries official despatches whether at home or abroad. [Fr.,--Low L. _missaticum_--L. _mitt[)e]re_, _missum_, to send.]

MESSIAH, mes-s[=i]'a, _n._ the anointed One, the Christ--also MESS[=I]'AS.--_n._ MESS[=I]'AHSHIP, the character and work of Christ as the Saviour of the world.--_adj._ MESSIAN'IC, relating to the Messiah. [Heb. _m[=a]sh[=i]ach_, anointed--_m[=a]shach_, to anoint.]

MESSIDOR, mes-si-d[=o]r', _n._ the tenth month of the French revolutionary calendar, June 19th-July 18th. [Fr.,--L. _messis_, harvest, Gr. _d[=o]ron_, a gift.]

MESSIEURS, plural of _Monsieur_ (q.v.).

MESSIN, mes'in, _n._ (_Scot._) a mongrel dog, a cur.--_adj._ mongrel. [Cf. _Mastiff_.]

MESSMATE, mes'm[=a]t, _n._ one who eats at the same table. [_Mess_ and _mate_.]

MESSUAGE, mes'w[=a]j, _n._ (_law_) a dwelling and offices with the adjoining lands appropriated to the household: a mansion-house and grounds. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _messuagium_--L. _mansa_, pa.p. of _man[=e]re_, to remain.]

MESTEE, mes-t[=e]', _n._ the offspring of a white person and a quadroon. [Cf. Fr. _métis_, mongrel.]

MESTIZO, mes-t[=e]'z[=o], _n._ the offspring of a person of mixed Spanish and American Indian parentage, &c. [Sp.,--L. _mixtus_--_misc[=e]re_, to mix.]

MET, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _meet_.

METABASIS, me-tab'a-sis, _n._ a change, as in treatment or remedies: a transition.--_adj._ METABAT'IC. [Gr., _meta_, beyond, _bainein_, to go.]

METABOLISM, me-tab'o-lizm, _n._ a general term for the chemical changes of living matter: retrograde metamorphosis, catabolism: complete metamorphosis, as in _Diptera_, &c.--_adj._ METABOL'IC, undergoing complete metamorphosis: polymorphic: exhibiting metabolism.--_v.t._ METAB'OLISE. [Gr. _metabol[=e]_, change.]

METACARPAL, met-a-kär'pal, _adj._ pertaining to the part of the hand between the wrist and the fingers, the METACAR'PUS: denoting the foreleg of a horse between knee and fetlock joint.

METACENTRE, met-a-sen't[.e]r, _n._ that point in a floating body slightly displaced from equilibrium through which the resultant upward pressure of the fluid always passes.

METACHRONISM, me-tak'ron-izm, _n._ an error made by placing an event after its real time. [Fr.,--Gr. _metachronos_--_meta_, beyond, _chronos_, time.]

METACHROSIS, met-a-kr[=o]'sis, _n._ colour-change, as of a chameleon.

METACISM. See MYTACISM.

METAGE, m[=e]t'[=a]j, _n._ measurement of coal: price of measurement. [_Mete_.]

METAGENESIS, met-a-jen'e-sis, _n._ (_biol._) a kind of alteration of generations in which a series of generations of unlike forms come between the egg and the parent type.--_adj._ METAGENET'IC.

METAGNOSTIC, met-ag-nos'tik, _adj._ transcending present knowledge.--_n._ one who holds that there is a supreme being, but that he transcends knowledge.--_n._ METAGNOS'TICISM.

METAIRIE, m[=e]-t[=a]'r[=e], _n._ a piece of land cultivated for a share of the produce. [Fr. See METAYER.]

METAL, met'al, _n._ an opaque substance, possessing a peculiar lustre, fusibility, conductivity for heat and electricity, &c., such as gold, &c.: courage or spirit (now spelt _mettle_): intrinsic quality: the number and power of guns carried by a ship-of-war: broken stones used for macadamised roads: (_pl._) the rails of a railroad.--_v.t._ to put metal on, as a road.--_n._ METALIC'ITY.--_adjs._ MET'ALLED, covered with metal, as a road; METAL'LIC, pertaining to, or like, a metal: consisting of metal.--_adv._ METAL'LICALLY.--_adjs._ METALLIF'EROUS, producing or yielding metals; METAL'LIFORM, having the form of metals: like metal; MET'ALLINE, pertaining to a metal: consisting of, or mixed with, metal.--_ns._ MET'ALLING, road-metal, broken stones; METALLIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ MET'ALLISE, to form into metal: to give to a substance its metallic properties.--_ns._ MET'ALLIST, a worker in metals: one who is skilled in metals: an advocate of the use of metal as currency; METAL'LOGRAPH, a print produced by metallographic process.--_adj._ METALLOGRAPH'IC--_ns._ METALLOG'RAPHIST; METALLOG'RAPHY, an account or description of metals: a process for utilising metal plates in a manner similar to lithographic stones: a process of imitating the grain of wood on metals; MET'ALLOID, one of the metallic bases of the fixed alkalies and alkaline earths: any of the elements which are non-metallic in the chemical sense of being able to replace hydrogen in an acid, and thus forming a salt: one of the inflammable non-metallic elements (sulphur, phosphorus, &c.).--_adjs._ MET'ALLOID, METALLOID'AL, pertaining to, or of the nature of, the metalloids.--_ns._ METAL'LOPHONE, a kind of piano, having graduated metal bars in place of strings: a musical instrument, differing from the xylophone in having metal instead of wooden bars; MET'ALLOTHERAPY, the treatment of disease by the external application of metals.--METALLIC OXIDE, a compound of metal and oxygen; METALLIC SALTS, salts having a metal or metallic oxide for base.--BASE METALS, lead, zinc, copper, iron; FUSIBLE METAL, a metallic alloy that fuses at a very low temperature--usually of lead, tin, and bismuth; LIGHT METALS, those whose specific gravity is less than 5; NOBLE, or PERFECT, METALS, gold, silver, platinum, so called because they keep their lustre when exposed to the air. [Fr.,--L. _metallum_--Gr. _metallon_, a mine, a metal.]

METALEPSIS, met-a-lep'sis, _n._ (_rhet._) a compound figure that consists in uniting two or more different tropes in the same word, or in so using a word as to suggest two or three different figures by it.--_adjs._ METALEP'TIC, -AL. [Gr.]

METALLURGY, met'al-ur-ji, _n._ the art of working metals: the art of separating metals from their ores.--_adj._ METALLUR'GIC, pertaining to metallurgy.--_n._ MET'ALLURGIST, one who works metals: one skilled in metallurgy. [Gr. _metallon_, a metal, _ergon_, work.]

METAMERISM, met'a-me-rizm, _n._ (_chem._) a particular form of isomerism, seen in substances having the same molecular formula, but in which _all_ the atoms in the molecule are not directly united: (_zool._) segmentation of the body of an animal along the primary axis, producing a series of homologous parts.--_adjs._ MET'AM[=E]RAL, METAMER'IC.--_n._ MET'AMERE. [Gr. _meta_, after, _meros_, a part.]

METAMORPHIC, met-a-mor'fik, _adj._ subject to change of form: (_geol._) applied to the alteration undergone by rocks under heat, pressure, &c., so that they assume a crystalline or semi-crystalline structure.--_ns._ METAMOR'PHISM, state or quality of being metamorphic; METAMOR'PHIST, one who believes that the body of Christ merged into the Deity when He ascended.--_v.t._ METAMOR'PHOSE, to transform.--_n._ METAMOR'PHOSIS, change of shape, transformation: the frequent transformation of human beings to beasts, stones, trees, &c.--an essential part of folklore everywhere: the marked change which some living beings undergo in the course of their growth, as caterpillar to insect, tadpole to frog, &c.:--_pl._ METAMOR'PHOSES. [Gr. _metamorph[=o]sis_--_meta_, expressing change, _morph[=e]_, form.]

METAPHERY, me-taf'e-ri, _n._ (_bot._) the transposition of various floral organs. [Gr.: see METAPHOR.]

METAPHOR, met'a-fur, _n._ a transference of meaning, the putting of one thing for another which it only resembles, as when words are said to be bitter: an implicit simile.--_adjs._ METAPHOR'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or containing, metaphor: figurative.--_adv._ METAPHOR'ICALLY.--_ns._ METAPHOR'ICALNESS; MET'APHORIST.--MIXED METAPHOR, an expression in which two or more metaphors are confused, where one only is capable of being intelligibly evolved or conceived objectively, as Cromwell's 'God has kindled a seed in this nation.' [Fr.,--Gr. _metaphora_--_metapherein_--_meta_, over, _pherein_, to carry.]

METAPHRASE, met'a-fr[=a]z, _n._ a translation from one language into another word for word--opp. to _Paraphrase_: a repartee--also METAPH'RASIS.--_n._ MET'APHRAST, one who translates word for word.--_adj._ METAPHRAS'TIC, literal in translation. [Gr. _metaphrasis_--_meta_, over, _phrasis_, a speaking.]

METAPHYSICS, met-a-fiz'iks, _n.sing._ the science which investigates the first principles of nature and thought: ontology or the science of being.--_adj._ METAPHYS'ICAL, pertaining to metaphysics; abstract.--_adv._ METAPHYS'ICALLY.--_n._ METAPHYSIC'IAN, one versed in metaphysics. [From certain works of Aristotle to be studied after his physics--Gr. _meta_, after, _physika_, physics--_physis_, nature.]

METAPHYTA, met-a-f[=i]'ta, _n.pl._ many-celled plants, in contrast to the single-celled _Protophytes_.

METAPLASIA, met-a-pl[=a]'si-a, _n._ the direct conversion of one form of an adult tissue into another--also METAP'LASIS.--_n._ MET'APLASM, a grammatical change in a word by adding or dropping a letter. [Gr. _meta_, over, _plasis_--_plassein_, to form.]

METAPOPHYSIS, met-a-pof'i-sis, _n._ (_anat._) a dorsolateral apophysis on the anterior articular process of a vertebra. [Gr. _meta_, after, _apophysis_, a process.]

METASTASIS, me-tas'ta-zis, _n._ a change in nature, form, or quality; a change from one part to another, as a disease: (_bot._) metabolism.--_adj._ METASTAT'IC. [Gr.,--_methist[=e]mi_, I change place.]

METATARSAL, met-a-tär'sal, _adj._ belonging to the front part of the foot, behind the toes, nearly the same as the instep in man.--_n._ METATAR'SUS. [Gr. _meta_, beyond, _tarsos_, the flat of the foot.]

METATHESIS, me-tath'es-is, _n._ (_gram._) a change of place of the letters or syllables of a word.--_adjs._ METATHET'IC, -AL. [Gr.,--_metatithenai_, to transpose--_meta_, over, _tithenai_, to place.]

METATHORAX, met-a-th[=o]'raks, _n._ the third segment of an insect's thorax.--_adj._ METATHORAC'IC.

METATOME, met'a-t[=o]m, _n._ (_archit._) the space between two dentils.

METAYER, me-t[=a]'y[.e]r, _n._ a farmer who pays, instead of money rent, a fixed proportion of the crops.--_n._ MET[=A]'YAGE, this system. [Fr.,--Low L. _medietarius_--L. _medietas_, the half--_medius_, middle.]

METAZOA, met-a-z[=o]'a, _n.pl._ many-celled animals possessing cellular differentiation:--opp. to single-celled _Protozoa_.--_adjs._ METAZ[=O]'AN, METAZ[=O]'IC.--_n.sing._ MET'AZ[=O]ON. [Gr. _meta_, after, _z[=o]on_, animal.]

METE, m[=e]t, _v.t._ to measure.--_ns._ METE'WAND, a measuring-stick; METE'YARD (_B._), a yard or rod for meting or measuring. [A.S. _metan_; Ger. _messen_.]

METEMPIRIC, -AL, met-em-pir'ik, -al, _adj._ beyond or outside of experience:--opp. to _Empirical_ or _Experiential_.--_ns._ METEMPIR'ICISM; METEMPIR'ICIST.

METEMPSYCHOSIS, me-temp-si-k[=o]'sis, _n._ the passing of the soul after death into some other body, whether that of a human being or of an animal:--_pl._ METEMPSYCH[=O]'SES. [Gr.,--_meta_, expressing change, _empsych[=o]sis_, an animating--_en_, in, _psych[=e]_, soul.]

METENSOMATOSIS, met-en-s[=o]-ma-t[=o]'sis, _n._ transference of the elements of one body into another.

METEOR, m[=e]'te-or, _n._ one of numberless small bodies travelling through space, continually being encountered by the earth on its orbital path, and then revealed to our observation as aerolites, fire-balls, or shooting-stars: formerly used of any appearance in the atmosphere, as clouds, rain: (_fig._) anything that for a time dazzles or strikes with wonder.--_adj._ METEOR'IC, pertaining to, or consisting of, meteors: proceeding from a meteor: flashing like a meteor: influenced by the weather.--_ns._ M[=E]'TEOROGRAPH, an instrument by which several meteorological elements are recorded in combination; METEOR'OLITE, M[=E]'TEORITE, a meteoric stone.--_adjs._ METEOROLOG'IC, -AL.--_ns._ METEOROL'OGIST; one skilled in meteorology; METEOROL'OGY, that department of physics which treats of the phenomena of the atmosphere as regards weather and climate.--_adj._ M[=E]'T[=E]OROUS (_Milt._), having the nature of a meteor.--METEORIC IRON, iron as found in meteoric stones; METEORIC SHOWERS, showers of meteors or shooting-stars; METEORIC STONES, aerolites. [Gr. _mete[=o]ron_--_meta_, beyond, _e[=o]ra_, anything suspended--_aeirein_, to lift.]

METER, a form of _metre_.

METER, m[=e]'t[.e]r, _n._ one who, or that which, measures, esp. an apparatus for recording automatically the quantity of a fluid passing through it, as in _gas-meter_, _water-meter_, &c.--_v.t._ to measure by a meter.--_n._ M[=E]'TERAGE.--DRY METER, a gas-meter with bellows-like apparatus and no liquid. [_Metre_.]

METHANE, meth'[=a]n, _n._ marsh-gas, the simplest hydrocarbon, found wherever the decomposition of vegetable matter is taking place under water, also in coal-mines, forming when mixed with air the deadly fire-damp.--_n._ METHANOM'ETER.

METHEGLIN, meth-eg'lin, _n._ mead, a fermented liquor made from honey.--_n._ METHER (-th'-) a vessel for mead. [W. _meddyglyn_--_medd_, mead, _llyn_, liquor.]

METHINKS, me-thingks', (_B._) METHINK'ETH, _v.impers._ it seems to me: I think:--_pa.t._ methought (me-thawt'). [A.S. _mé thyncth_, it seems to me. _Þyncan_, to seem, is often confused with _Þencan_, to think. Cf. Ger. _dünken_, to seem, _denken_, to think.]

METHOD, meth'ud, _n._ the mode or rule of accomplishing an end: orderly procedure: manner: orderly arrangement: system, rule, classification: manner of performance: an instruction-book systematically arranged.--_adjs._ METHOD'IC, -AL, arranged with method: disposed in a just and natural manner: formal.--_adv._ METHOD'ICALLY.--_v.t._ METH'ODISE, to reduce to method: to dispose in due order.--_ns._ METH'ODISM, the principles and practice of the Methodists; METH'ODIST, one who observes method: one of a sect of Christians founded by John Wesley (1703-91), noted for the strictness of its discipline: one who is very strict in religion.--_adjs._ METHODIST'IC, -AL, resembling the Methodists: strict in religious matters.--_adv._ METHODIST'ICALLY.--_n._ METHODOL'OGY, the science of method in scientific procedure. [Fr.,--L. _methodus_--Gr. _methodos_--_meta_, after, _hodos_, a way.]

METHOMANIA, meth-o-m[=a]'ni-a, _n._ morbid craving for alcohol. [Gr. _methy_, drink, _mania_, madness.]

METHOUGHT. See METHINKS.

METHUSELAH, me-th[=u]'ze-la, _n._ a patriarch said to have lived 969 years (Gen. v. 27): any very aged person.

METHYL, meth'il, _n._ (_chem._) the name given to the hypothetical radical of methylic alcohol or wood spirit.--_n._ METH'YLENE, a highly inflammable and volatile liquid, obtained by the destructive distillation of wood.--_adj._ METHYL'IC, denoting alcohol obtained by the destructive distillation of wood.--METHYLATED SPIRIT, a mixture of nine parts of alcohol with one of pyroxylic or wood spirit (to prevent people drinking it), used for spirit-lamps, varnishes, &c. [Gr. _meta_, after, with, _hyl[=e]_, wood.]

METHYSIS, meth'i-sis, _n._ (_path._) drunkenness.--_adj._ METHYS'TIC, intoxicating. [Gr.]

METIC, met'ik, _n._ an immigrant, a resident alien. [Gr. _meta_, over, _oikos_, a house.]

METICULOUS, m[=e]-tik'[=u]-lus, _adj._ (_arch._) timid, over careful.--_adv._ METIC'ULOUSLY. [L. _metus_, fear.]

MÉTIER, met'y[=a]r, _n._ one's calling or business. [Fr.]

METIF, m[=e]'tif, _n._ the offspring of a white and a quadroon.--_n._ M[=E]'TIS, a half-breed of French and Indian parentage in Canada. [Cf. _Mastiff_.]

METIS, m[=e]'tis, _n._ a Greek personification of prudence.

METONIC, me-ton'ik, _adj._ pertaining to the lunar cycle of nineteen years, after which the new and full moon happen again on the same day of the year as at its beginning. [From _Meton_, c. 430.]

METONYMY, me-ton'i-mi, _n._ (_rhet._) a trope in which the name of one thing is put for that of another related to it, the effect for the cause, &c., as 'the heart' for 'the affections,' 'the bottle' for 'drink,' &c.--_adjs._ METONYM'IC, -AL, used by way of metonymy.--_adv._ METONYM'ICALLY. [L.,--Gr. _met[=o]nymia_--_meta_, expressing change, _onoma_, a name.]

METOPE, met'o-p[=e], _n._ (_archit._) the space between the triglyphs in the frieze of the Doric order, generally ornamented with carved work: the face, forehead, frontal surface generally.--_adj._ METOP'IC.--_ns._ MET'OPISM, the condition of having a persistent metopic or frontal suture. [Gr.,--_meta_, between, and _op[=e]_, the hole in the frieze receiving one of the beam-ends.]

METOPOSCOPY, met-[=o]-pos'k[=o]-pi, _n._ the study of character from the physiognomy.--_adjs._ METOPOSCOP'IC, -AL.--_n._ METOPOS'COPIST.

METRA, met'ra, _n._ a pocket-instrument, combining the uses of thermometer, level, plummet, and lens. [Gr., pl. of _metron_, measure.]

METRE, m[=e]'t[.e]r, _n._ that regulated succession of certain groups of syllables in which poetry is usually written--these groups of long and short (_classical_) or accented (_English_) syllables being called _feet_: rhythm: verse, or poetry generally: a plan of versification, the character of a stanza as consisting of a given number of lines composed of feet of a given number, construction, and accent: musical time.--_adjs._ MET'RIC, -AL, pertaining to metre or to metrology: consisting of verses.--_adv._ MET'RICALLY.--_ns._ METRIC'IAN, MET'RICIST, one skilled in metres, one who writes in metre; MET'RICS, the art or science of versification; METRIFIC[=A]'TION. (_Tenn._), the act of making verses; MET'RIFIER, a versifier; MET'RIST, one skilled in metres, a skilful versifier; METROM[=A]'NIA, a mania for writing verses.--COMMON METRE, the stanza forming a quatrain in eights and sixes, of four and of three iambic feet alternately--also SERVICE METRE, from its use in the metrical psalms, &c., and BALLAD METRE, from its use in old romances and ballads; LONG METRE, an octosyllabic quatrain, the four lines with four feet each; SHORT METRE, the quatrain in sixes, with the third line octosyllabic. [Fr.,--L. _metrum_--Gr. _metron_.]

MÈTRE, m[=a]'tr, _n._ the fundamental unit of length in the metric system--one ten-millionth of a quadrant of the Meridian--39.3707904 English inches.--_adj._ MET'RIC.--METRIC SYSTEM, the French system of weights and measures, founded on the French mètre--dividing or multiplying by ten, and therefore a decimal system.

METRE. Same as METER.

METRIC, met'rik, _adj._ quantitative.--_adj._ MET'RICAL, pertaining to measurement.--_n.pl._ MET'RICS, the theory of measurement.--_ns._ MET'ROGRAPH, an apparatus for registering the speed of a railway-train and the places and duration of stops; METROL'OGY, the science of weights and measures; MET'RONOME, an instrument like an inverted pendulum which measures musical time.--_adj._ METRONOM'IC.--_n._ METRON'OMY, measurement of time by a metronome.

METRONYMIC, met-ro-nim'ik, _adj._ derived from the name of one's mother, or other female ancestor.--_n._ an appellation so derived; cf. _Patronymic_. [Gr. _m[=e]t[=e]r_, a mother, _onoma_, name.]

METROPOLIS, me-trop'o-lis, _n._ the capital of a country; the chief cathedral city, as Canterbury of England: the mother-city of an ancient Greek colony: a generic focus in the distribution of plants or animals:--_pl._ METROP'OLISES.--_adj._ METROPOL'ITAN, belonging to a metropolis: pertaining to the mother-church.--_n._ the bishop of a metropolis, presiding over the other bishops of a province: an archbishop.--_n._ METROPOL'ITANATE.--_adjs._ METROPOL'ITIC, -AL. [L.,--Gr. _m[=e]t[=e]r_, mother, _polis_, a city.]

METTLE, met'l, _n._ ardent temperament: spirit: sprightliness: courage.--_adjs._ METT'LED, METT'LESOME, high-spirited: ardent.--_n._ METT'LESOMENESS, quality or state of being mettlesome.--PUT ONE ON HIS METTLE, to rouse a person up to putting forth his best efforts. [From the _metal_ of a blade.]

MEUM, m[=a]'um, _n._ mine--in the phrase MEUM AND TUUM, mine and thine. [L.]

MEUTE, m[=u]t, _n._ a mew, a place where hawks are mewed or confined. [_Mew_, a cage for hawks.]

MEW, m[=u], _n._ a sea-fowl: a gull. [A.S. _m['æ]w_; Dut. _meeuw_, Ice. _mâr_, Ger. _möwe_; all imit.]

MEW, m[=u], _v.i._ to cry as a cat.--_n._ the cry of a cat.

MEW, m[=u], _v.t._ to change, as the covering or dress: to shed or cast: to confine, as in a cage.--_v.i._ to change: to cast the feathers: to moult.--_n._ a place for confining: a cage for hawks while mewing: generally in _pl._ a stable, because the royal stables were built where the king's falcons were kept. [O. Fr. _mue_, a changing, esp. of the coat or skin--_muer_, to mew--L. _mut[=a]re_, to change.]

MEWL, m[=u]l, _v.i._ (_Shak._) to cry as an infant. [Imit.]

MEXICAN, meks'i-kan, _n._ a native or inhabitant of _Mexico_.--_adj._ pertaining to Mexico or Mexicans.

MEZEREON, me-z[=e]'re-on, _n._ a deciduous shrub with pink flowers, and having an extremely acrid bark used in medicine. [Fr.,--Pers.]

MEZZANINE, mez'a-n[=i]n, _n._ (_archit._) a low story introduced between two higher ones: a small window used to light such apartments. [Fr.,--It. _mezzanino_--_mezzo_--L. _medius_, middle.]

MEZZO-RILIEVO, med'zo-r[=e]-ly[=a]'v[=o], _n._ a degree of relief in figures, half-way between high and low relief. [It.]

MEZZO-SOPRANO, med'zo-so-prä'n[=o], _n._ a quality of voice between soprano and alto: low soprano.

MEZZOTINT, mez'[=o]-tint, or med'z[=o]-tint, _n._ a method of copperplate engraving, producing an even gradation of tones, resembling those of a photograph: an impression from a plate so produced.--Also MEZZOTINT'O. [It.,--_mezzo_, middle, half, _tinto_, tint--L. _ting[)e]re_, _tinctum_, to dye.]

MI, m[=e], _n._ the third note in the diatonic scale.

MIASMA, m[=i]-az'ma, _n._ unwholesome exhalations arising from putrescent matter--also M[=I]'ASM:--_pl._ M[=I]'ASMS, MIAS'MATA.--_adjs._ MIAS'MAL, MIASMAT'IC, MIAS'MATOUS, pertaining to, or containing, miasma.--_ns._ MIAS'MATIST; MIASMOL'OGY.--_adj._ MIAS'MOUS. [Gr. _miasma_--_miainein_, to stain.]

MIAUL, mi-awl', _v.i._ to cry as a cat.

MICA, m[=i]'ka, _n._ a group of rock-forming minerals, with perfect cleavage in one direction, the laminæ flexible and elastic, and generally transparent.--_adj._ MIC[=A]'CEOUS.--_ns._ M[=I]'CA-SCHIST, M[=I]'CA-SLATE, a metamorphic rock consisting of alternate layers of mica and quartz. [L. _mica_, a crumb.]

MICE, m[=i]s, plural of _mouse_.

MICHAELMAS, mik'el-mas, _n._ the festival of St _Michael_, celebrated Sept. 29: a quarterly rent-day in England.

MICHE, mich, _v.i._ (_obs._) to lie hid, to skulk, to act by stealth: to pilfer meanly--also MICH.--_ns._ MICH'ER; MICH'ING--also _adj._

MICKLE, mik'l, _adj._ (_arch._) much. [A.S. _micel_, _mycel_; Scot. _muckle_.]

MICKY, mik'i, _n._ an Irish boy: a wild young bull.

MICROBE, m[=i]'kr[=o]b, mik'r[=o]b, _n._ a microscopic organism, esp. a bacterium, found wherever organic matter is in process of decomposition.--_adjs._ MICR[=O]'BIAL, MICR[=O]'BIAN, MICR[=O]'BIC.--_n._ MICROBIOL'OGY, the science of micro-organisms. [Fr.,--Gr. _mikros_, small, _bios_, life.]

MICROCEPHALOUS, m[=i]-kr[=o]-sef'a-lus, _adj._ having a small or imperfectly formed head.--Also MICROCEPHAL'IC. [Gr. _mikros_, small, _kephal[=e]_, the head.]

MICROCHRONOMETER, m[=i]-kr[=o]-kr[=o]-nom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for registering very small periods of time.

MICROCOCCUS, m[=i]-kr[=o]-kok'us, _n._ a microscopic organism of a round form.

MICROCOSM, m[=i]'kr[=o]-kozm, _n._ a little universe or world: (often applied to) man, who was regarded by ancient philosophers as a model or epitome of the universe.--_adjs._ MICROCOS'MIC, -AL, pertaining to the microcosm.--_n._ MICROCOSMOG'RAPHY. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr.--_mikros_, little, _kosmos_, world.]

MICROCOUSTIC, m[=i]-kr[=o]-k[=oo]s'tik, _adj._ serving to augment weak sounds.--_n._ an instrument for such purpose.

MICROCRITH, m[=i]'kr[=o]-krith, _n._ (_chem._) the unit of molecular weight, that of the half-molecule of hydrogen.

MICROCYTE, m[=i]'kr[=o]-s[=i]t, _n._ a small cell or corpuscle: a small blood corpuscle found in anæmia.--_ns._ MICROCYTH[=E]'MIA, MICROCYT[=O]'SIS, a condition of the blood with many very small corpuscles.

MICRODENTISM, m[=i]-kr[=o]-den'tizm, _n._ smallness of the teeth.

MICRODONT, m[=i]'kr[=o]-dont, _adj._ having short or small teeth.

MICROFARAD, m[=i]-kr[=o]-far'ad, _n._ one-millionth of a farad, the practical unit of electrical capacity.

MICROGEOLOGY, m[=i]-kr[=o]-j[=e]-ol'o-ji, _n._ the department of geology concerned with the study of microscopic structures.

MICROGRAPH, m[=i]'kr[=o]-graf, _n._ a pantograph instrument for minute writing or drawing: a microscopic picture.--_n._ MICROG'RAPHER.--_adj._ MICROGRAPH'IC.--_n._ MICROG'RAPHY, the description of microscopic objects. [Gr. _mikros_, little, _graphein_, write.]

MICROHM, mik'r[=o]m, _n._ an electric unit equal to the millionth part of an ohm.

MICROLITE, m[=i]'kr[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a mineral related to pyrochlore.--_n._ M[=I]'CROLITH, a name suggested by Vogelsang in 1867 for the microscopic acicular components of rocks.--_adj._ MICROLITH'IC. [Gr. _mikros_, small, _lithos_, a stone.]

MICROLOGY, m[=i]-krol'o-ji, _n._ the branch of science which treats of microscopic objects.--_adjs._ MICROLOG'IC, -AL.--_adv._ MICROLOG'ICALLY.

MICROMETER, m[=i]-krom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring minute distances or angles.--_adjs._ MICROMET'RIC, -AL.--_ns._ MICROM'ETRY, measuring with a micrometer; M[=I]'CRON, the millionth part of a metre, or 1/25400 of an inch; M[=I]'CRO-OR'GANISM, a microscopic organism. [Gr. _mikros_, little, _metron_, measure.]

MICROPHONE, m[=i]'kr[=o]-f[=o]n, _n._ an instrument which renders the faintest sounds distinctly audible.--_adjs._ MICROPHON'IC, MICROPH'ONOUS.--_n._ M[=I]'CROPHONY. [Gr. _mikros_, little, _ph[=o]n[=e]_, sound.]

MICROPHOTOGRAPHY, m[=i]-kr[=o]-f[=o]-tog'ra-fi, _n._ the photographing of objects on a microscopic scale.

MICROPHYLLOUS, m[=i]-krof'il-us, _adj._ (_bot._) having small leaves. [Gr. _mikros_, little, _phyllon_, leaf.]

MICROPHYTE, m[=i]'kr[=o]-f[=i]t, _n._ a microscopic plant, esp. one parasitic.--_adjs._ M[=I]'CROPHYTAL, MICROPHYT'IC.

MICROPODA, m[=i]-krop'o-da, _n.pl._ in some systems a division of monomyarian bivalves, with rudimentary feet, including oysters, &c. [Gr. _mikros_, small, _pous_, _podos_, foot.]

MICROPSIA, m[=i]-krop'si-a, _n._ an affection of the eye in which objects appear in less than actual size.

MICROPTEROUS, m[=i]-krop'te-rus, _adj._ having short wings or fins.

MICROPYLE, m[=i]'kr[=o]-p[=i]l, _n._ (_bot._) the orifice in the coats of the ovule leading to the apex of the nucleus, through which the pollen-tube penetrates: (_zool._) the hilum of an ovum at the point of attachment to the ovary: any opening in the coverings of an ovum by which spermatozoa may find entrance. [Gr. _mikros_, small, _pyl[=e]_, a gate.]

MICROSCOPE, m[=i]'kr[=o]-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument which magnifies to the eye objects so minute as to be almost or quite undiscernible without its aid.--_adjs._ MICROSCOP'IC, -AL, pertaining to a microscope: made by, or as if by, a microscope: visible only by the aid of a microscope: working with, or as if with, a microscope.--_adv._ MICROSCOP'ICALLY.--_ns._ M[=I]'CROSCOPIST, one skilled in the use of the microscope; M[=I]'CROSCOPY.--BINOCULAR MICROSCOPE, a microscope with two eye-pieces, for viewing an object with both eyes at once; COMPOUND MICROSCOPE, a microscope with two sets of lenses so arranged that the image formed by the lower or object glass is again magnified by the upper or eye-piece. [Gr. _mikros_, little, _skopein_, to look at.]

MICROSEISM, m[=i]'kr[=o]-sizm, _n._ a slight earthquake tremor.--_adjs._ MICROSEIS'MIC, -AL.--_ns._ MICROSEIS'MOGRAPH; MICROSEISMOM'ETRY.

MICROSOMA, m[=i]-kr[=o]-s[=o]'ma, _n._ one of the minute granules embedded in the hyaline plasm of the protoplasm of vegetable cells:--_pl._ MICROS[=O]'MATA. [Gr. _mikros_, small, _s[=o]ma_, body.]

MICROSPECTROSCOPE, m[=i]-kr[=o]-spek'tr[=o]-sk[=o]p, _n._ a combination of the spectroscope with the microscope.

MICROSPORE, m[=i]'kr[=o]-sp[=o]r, _n._ (_bot._) a small asexually produced spore: (_zool._) one of the numerous very small spore-like elements produced through the encystment and subdivision of many monads.--_n._ MICROSPORAN'GIUM.--_adj._ M[=I]'CROSPOROUS. [Gr. _mikros_, small, _sporos_, a seed.]

MICROTOME, m[=i]'kr[=o]-t[=o]m, _n._ an instrument for cutting thin sections of objects for microscopic examination.--_adj._ MICROTOM'IC.--_ns._ MICROT'OMIST; MICROT'OMY. [Gr. _mikros_, little, _temnein_, to cut.]

MICROZOA, m[=i]-kr[=o]-z[=o]'ä, _n.pl._ microscopic animals.--_n._ and _adj._ MICROZ[=O]'AN.--_n._ MICROZO[=A]'RIA, a name sometimes used for infusorians, &c.--_adj._ MICROZO[=A]'RIAN.--_n._ and _adj._ MICROZ[=O]'ÖID, a very minute free-swimming zoöid, which buries itself in the body of a sedentary animalcule.--_ns._ MICROZ[=O]'ÖN, any micro-organism of animal nature; MICROZ[=O]'ÖSPORE, a zoöspore of abnormally small size; M[=I]'CROZYME, a member of a class of extremely minute living organisms floating in the atmosphere, supposed to be the means of communicating certain epidemic and other zymotic diseases. [Gr. _mikros_, small, _z[=o]on_, an animal, _sporos_, seed, _zym[=e]_, leaven.]

MICTURITION, mik-t[=u]-rish'un, _n._ the act of passing, or the frequent desire to pass, urine.--_n._ MIC'TION, voiding urine.--_v.i._ MIC'TURATE. [L. _mictur[=i]re_, _-[=i]tum_, to pass urine.]

MID, mid, _adj._ middle: situated between extremes.--_prep._ amid.--_n._ (_Shak._) middle.--_ns._ MID'-AGE (_Shak._), the middle time of life, a person in middle-life; MID'-AIR, MID'-HEAV'EN, the middle of the sky; MID'DAY, the middle of the day: noon.--_adj._ of or pertaining to noon.--_adj._ MID'DEST (_Spens._), most nearly in the middle: middlemost.--_n._ the midst, middle.--_n._ MID'-HOUR, the middle part of the day.--_adj._ MID'LAND, in the middle of, or surrounded by, land: distant from the coast: inland.--_n._ the interior of a country: (_pl._) esp. the central parts of England.--_n._ MID'-LENT, the middle or fourth Sunday in Lent.--_adj._ MID'MOST, middlemost.--_n._ MID'NIGHT, the middle of the night: twelve o'clock at night.--_adj._ being at midnight: dark as midnight.--_ns._ MID'NOON, noon; MID'-SEA, the open sea.--_adj._ MID'SHIP, being in the middle of a ship.--_n._ MID'SHIPMAN, in the British navy, an officer whose rank is next above that of a naval cadet: in the U.S. navy, the lowest grade of officers in the line of promotion, now called NAVAL CADET.--_adv._ MID'SHIPS.--_ns._ MID'SUMMER, the middle of summer: the summer solstice, about the 21st of June; MID'SUMMER-DAY, the 24th of June; MID'WAY, the middle of the way or distance.--_adj._ being in the middle of the way or distance.--_adv._ half-way.--_n._ MID'WINTER, the middle of winter: the winter solstice (21st or 22d December), or the time shortly before or after it. [A.S. (_mid-_), _middgen_; Ger. _mitte_ and _mittel_, L. _medius_, Gr. _mesos_.]

MIDAS, m[=i]'das, _n._ a fabulously rich man, from the king of Phrygia who got the power of turning everything he touched into gold, till he was like to be starved. His ears were changed by Apollo to those of an ass for deciding a musical contest in favour of Pan.

MIDDEN, mid'en, _n._ a heap of ashes or dung (see also KITCHEN-MIDDEN).--_n._ MIDD'ENSTEAD, a place where dung is heaped up. [Scand., as Dan. _mödding_--_mög_, dung; cf. _Muck_.]

MIDDLE, mid'l, _adj._ equally distant from the extremes: intermediate: intervening: (_gram._) intermediate between active and passive, reflexive.--_n._ the middle point or part: midst: central portion, waist.--_adjs._ MIDD'LE-AGED, of or about the middle period of life (from about 35 to 50); MIDD'LE-CLASS, pertaining to, or included in, the middle class.--_ns._ MIDD'LE-EARTH (_Shak._), the earth, considered as placed between the upper and lower regions; MIDD'LEMAN, one who stands in the middle between two persons: an agent who does business between two parties: in Ireland, one who rents land in large tracts, and lets it in small portions to the peasantry.--_adjs._ MIDD'LEMOST, MID'MOST (_B._), nearest the middle; MIDD'LE-SIZED, of middle or average size.--_ns._ MIDD'LE-WATCH, the period between midnight and 4 A.M.; MIDD'LE-WEIGHT, a boxer or jockey of intermediate weight, between light and heavy weight.--_adj._ MIDD'LING, of middle rate, state, size, or quality: about equally distant from the extremes: moderate: (_Scot._) not in very good health: fairly well or prosperous.--_adv._ moderately.--_n._ MIDD'LINGNESS, mediocrity.--_n.pl._ MIDD'LINGS, the coarser part of ground wheat.--MIDDLE AGES, the time between the downfall of the western Roman empire, about 476 A.D., and the Reformation in the first quarter of the 16th century, or even earlier--in the later half of the preceding century, when printing was invented, America discovered, and the revival of learning took place; MIDDLE CLASS, that part of the people which comes between the nobility and the working-class; MIDDLE DISTANCE (same as MIDDLE GROUND); MIDDLE ENGLISH, English as spoken and written from 1350 to 1500 or 1550; MIDDLE GROUND, the central portion of a picture--that is, between the foreground and background; MIDDLE KINGDOM, China; MIDDLE PASSAGE, the voyage across the Atlantic from Africa to the West Indies, which was a time of horror on board a slave-ship; MIDDLE STATES, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware; MIDDLE TERM (_logic_), that term of a syllogism which appears both in the major premise and the minor, but not in the conclusion.--MIDDLE-CLASS SCHOOLS, schools for the higher education of the middle class, intermediate between the primary schools and the large public schools or the universities. [A.S. _middel_--_mid_; Dut. _middel_, Ger. _mittel_.]

MIDDY, mid'i, _n._ for midshipman.

MIDGARD, mid'g[=a]rd, _n._ (_Scand. myth._) the abode of men, midway between heaven and hell. [Ice. _midhgardhr_=mid-yard.]

MIDGE, mij, _n._ the common name of several species of small two-winged insects, like gnats, but with a shorter proboscis.--_n._ MIDG'ET, a little midge: something very small of its kind: a very small person. [A.S. _micge_; Ger. _mücke_, a gnat.]

MIDRASH, mid'rash, _n._ the Hebrew exposition of the Old Testament--its two divisions, _Haggada_ and _Halakha_:--_pl._ MIDRASHIM (mid-rä'sh[=e]m), commentaries to individual books or sections of the Old Testament. [Heb., 'exposition.']

MIDRIB, mid'rib, _n._ (_bot._) the continuation of the leaf-stalk to the point of a leaf.

MIDRIFF, mid'rif, _n._ the diaphragm. [A.S. _mid_, middle, _hrif_, the belly.]

MIDST, midst, _n._ the middle.--_adv._ in the middle.--_prep._ amidst. [From the M. E. phrase _in middle-s_, in the midst, with excrescent _t_ (cf. _whil-s-t_).]

MIDWIFE, mid'w[=i]f, _n._ a woman who assists others in childbirth:--_pl._ MIDWIVES (mid'w[=i]vz).--_n._ MID'WIFERY, art or practice of a midwife or accoucheuse: assistance at childbirth. [A.S. _mid_, together with (Ger. _mit_, Gr. _met-a_), _wíf_, woman.]

MIEN, m[=e]n, _n._ the look or appearance of a person: the expression of the face: manner: bearing. [Fr. _mine_--It. _mina_, deportment--Low L. _min[=a]re_, to conduct--L. _min[=a]ri_, to threaten.]

MIFF, mif, _n._ (_coll._) a slight feeling of resentment. [Akin to Ger. _muffen_, to sulk.]

MIGHT, m[=i]t, _pa.t._ of may.

MIGHT, m[=i]t, _n._ power: ability: strength: energy or intensity of purpose or feeling.--_adj._ MIGHT'FUL (_Shak._), mighty: powerful.--_adv._ MIGHT'ILY.--_n._ MIGHT'INESS, state of being mighty: power: greatness: great amount: a title of dignity: excellency.--_adj._ MIGHT'Y, having greater power: strong: valiant: very great: important: exhibiting might: wonderful.--MIGHT AND MAIN, utmost strength. [A.S. _meaht_, _miht_; Ger. _macht_; cf. _May_.]

MIGNONETTE, min-yo-net', _n._ an annual with sweet-scented flowers. [Fr.,--_mignon_, darling.]

MIGRAINE, mi-gr[=a]n', _n._ Same as MEGRIM.

MIGRATE, m[=i]'gr[=a]t, _v.i._ to pass from one place to another: to remove for residence from one country, college, &c. to another.--_adjs._ M[=I]'GRANT, M[=I]'GR[=A]TORY, migrating or accustomed to migrate: wandering.--_ns._ MIGR[=A]'TION, a change of abode: a removal from one country or climate to another: a number removing together; MIGR[=A]'TIONIST, MIGR[=A]'TOR.--MIGRATORY ANIMALS, animals that remove from one region to another as the seasons change. [L. _migr[=a]re_, -_[=a]tum_; cf. _me[=a]re_, to go.]

MIKADO, mi-kä'd[=o], _n._ a title of the Emperor of Japan. [Jap., 'exalted gate.']

MIL, mil, _n._ a unit of length in measuring the diameter of wire. [L. _mille_, a thousand.]

MILADI, mi-l[=a]'di, _n._ my lady. [It.]

MILCH, milch, _adj._ giving milk: yielding liquid, tender. [_Milk_.]

MILD, m[=i]ld, _adj._ gentle in temper and disposition: not sharp or bitter: acting gently: gently and pleasantly affecting the senses: soft: calm.--_v.t._ MILD'EN, to render mild.--_v.i._ to become mild.--_adv._ MILD'LY.--_n._ MILD'NESS.--_adj._ MILD'-SPOK'EN, having a mild manner of speech.--MILD ALE, ale newly brewed, which has not got the taste that comes from keeping. [A.S. _milde_, mild; cf. Ger. _mild_, Ice. _mildr_, gracious, &c.]

MILDEW, mil'd[=u], _n._ a disease on plants, caused by the growth of minute fungi.--_v.t._ to taint with mildew.--_v.i._ to become so tainted. [A.S. _meledeáw_, _mele_, honey, _deáw_, dew.]

MILE, m[=i]l, _n._ 1760 yards.--_ns._ MILE'AGE, length in miles: (_U.S._) compensation for expense of travel reckoned by the mile; MIL'ER, something the length of a mile; MILE'STONE, a stone set up to mark the distance of a mile. [A.S. _mil_; Fr. _mille_; both a contr. of L. _mille passuum_, a thousand paces.]

MILESIAN, mi-l[=e]'zhan, _adj._ of or pertaining to Ireland or to the Irish race.--_n._ an Irishman. [_Milesius_, a fabulous king of Spain, whose sons seized Ireland.]

MILFOIL, mil'foil, _n._ the herb yarrow, remarkable for the numerous divisions of its leaf. [L. _millefolium_--_mille_, thousand, _folium_, a leaf.]

MILIARY, mil'yar-i, _adj._ like a millet-seed: having formations of the size of millet-seeds, as miliary glands. [L. _milium_, millet.]

MILITANT, mil'i-tant, _adj._ fighting: engaged in warfare.--_n._ MIL'ITANCY, the state of being militant.--_adv._ MIL'ITANTLY.--_ns._ MIL'ITARISM, an excess of the military spirit; MIL'ITARIST (_Shak._), a military man.--_adj._ MIL'ITARY, pertaining to soldiers or to warfare: warlike: becoming a soldier: engaged in the profession of arms: derived from service as a soldier--(_obs._) MIL'ITAR.--_n._ soldiery: the army.--_v.i._ MIL'ITATE, to contend: to stand opposed: to have force for or against.--CHURCH MILITANT (see Church). [L. _militans_, -_antis_, pr.p. of _milit[=a]re_.]

MILITIA, mi-lish'a, _n._ a body of men enrolled and drilled as soldiers, but only liable to home service: (_U.S._) the whole body of citizens capable of bearing arms.--_n._ MILIT'IAMAN, a man or soldier in the militia force. [L. _militia_--_miles_, _militis_.]

MILK, milk, _v.t._ to squeeze or draw milk from: to supply with milk.--_n._ a white liquid secreted by female mammals for the nourishment of their young: a milk-like juice of certain plants.--_adj._ MILK'EN, consisting of milk, or like milk.--_ns._ MILK'EN-WAY (_Bacon_), the milky-way, the galaxy; MILK'ER, one who milks: a machine for milking cows: a cow that gives milk; MILK'-F[=E]'VER, a fever accompanying the secretion of milk shortly after childbirth.--_adv._ MILK'ILY.--_ns._ MILK'INESS; MILK'ING, the amount of milk drawn at one time; MILK'ING-STOOL, a stool on which the milker sits while milking; MILK'ING-TIME; MILK'ING-TUBE, a perforated tube inserted in a cow's teat to let the milk flow without pressing the udder; MILK'-KIN'SHIP, the kinship arising from fostering.--_adj._ MILK'-LIV'ERED (_Shak._), white-livered: cowardly.--_ns._ MILK'MAID, a woman who milks: a dairymaid; MILK'MAN, a man who sells milk, esp. from door to door; MILK'-M[=O]'LAR, one of the grinders or back teeth in young animals, early shed and replaced by another; MILK'-PORR'IDGE, porridge made with milk instead of water; MILK'-PUNCH, an excellent but very heady drink made of milk, rum or whisky, sugar, and nutmeg; MILK'-SICK'NESS (_U.S._), a kind of malignant fever affecting cattle, also men; MILK'SOP, a piece of bread sopped or soaked in milk: an effeminate, silly fellow; MILK'-THIS'TLE, the lady's thistle; MILK'-TOOTH, one of the first fore-teeth of a foal: one of the first teeth of a child; MILK'-TREE, a tree yielding a milk-like, nourishing juice, as the cow-tree of South America; MILK'-VETCH, a plant sometimes cultivated as food for cattle; MILK'-WALK, a milkman's route.--_adj._ MILK'-WARM, warm as new milk.--_ns._ MILK'-WEED, a general name for plants of the genus Asclepias, from their milky juice; MILK'-WORT, a genus of handsome flowering plants, containing a milk-like juice.--_adj._ MILK'Y, made of, full of, like, or yielding milk: soft: gentle.--_n._ MILK'Y-WAY (_astron._), the galaxy, a broad, luminous zone in the sky, caused by the light of innumerable fixed stars. [A.S. _meolc_, milk; Ger. _milch_, milk.]

MILL, mil, _n._ a machine for grinding any substance, as grain, by crushing it between two hard, rough surfaces: a place where corn is ground, or manufacture of some kind is carried on: a contest at boxing.--_v.t._ to grind: to press or stamp in a mill: to stamp or turn up the edge of coin, and put ridges and furrows on the rim: to put furrows and ridges on any edge: to clean, as cloth: to beat severely with the fists.--_ns._ MILL'-BOARD, stout pasteboard, used esp. in binding books; MILL'COG, a cog of a mill-wheel; MILL'DAM, MILL'POND, a dam or pond to hold water for driving a mill.--_adj._ MILLED, prepared by a grinding-mill or a coining-press: transversely grooved: treated by machinery, esp. smoothed by calendering rollers in a paper-mill.--_ns._ MILL'-HORSE, a horse that turns a mill; MILL'ING, the act of passing anything through a mill: the act of fulling cloth: the process of turning up the edge of coin and of putting the rows of ridges and furrows on it: indenting coin on the edge; MILL'RACE, the current of water that turns a mill-wheel, or the channel in which it runs; MILL-SIX'PENCE (_Shak._), a milled sixpence; MILL'STONE, one of the two stones used in a mill for grinding corn; MILL'STONE-GRIT (_geol._), a hard gritty variety of sandstone suitable for millstones; MILL'-TOOTH, a molar; MILL'-WHEEL, the water-wheel used for driving a mill; MILL'-WORK, the machinery of a mill: the planning and putting up of machinery in mills; MILL'WRIGHT, a wright or mechanic who builds and repairs mills.--GO THROUGH THE MILL, to undergo suffering or experience sufficient to fit one for certain duties or privileges; SEE THROUGH A MILLSTONE, to see far into or through difficult questions. [A.S. _miln_--L. _mola_, a mill--_mol[=a]re_, to grind.]

MILL, mil, _n._ (_U.S._) the thousandth part of a dollar. [L. _mille_, a thousand.]

MILLENNIUM, mil-len'i-um, _n._ a thousand years: the thousand years during which, as some believe, Christ will personally reign on the earth.--_adj._ MILLEN[=A]'RIAN, lasting a thousand years: pertaining to the millennium.--_n._ one believing in the millennium.--_ns._ MILLEN[=A]'RIANISM, MIL'LENARISM, the doctrine of millenarians.--_adj._ MILL'ENARY, consisting of a thousand.--_n._ a thousand years.--_adj._ MILLENN'IAL, pertaining to a thousand years, or to the millennium.--_ns._ MILLENN'IALIST, a believer in the millennium; MILLENN'IANISM, MILLENN'IARISM, belief in the millennium. [L. _mille_, 1000, _annus_, a year.]

MILLEPED. See MILLIPED.

MILLEPORE, mil'e-p[=o]r, _n._ a species of branching coral, having a smooth surface with numerous minute, distinct pores or cells.--_n._ MILL'EPORITE, a fossil millepore. [Fr.; L. _mille_, 1000, _porus_, a pore.]

MILLER, mil'[.e]r, _n._ one who has, or who attends to, a corn-mill.--_ns._ MILL'ER'S-THUMB, a small fresh-water fish with a large, broad, and rounded head like a miller's thumb, the river bull-head.

MILLESIMAL, mil-les'im-al, _adj._ thousandth: consisting of thousandth parts.--_adv._ MILLES'IMALLY. [L. _millesimus_--_mille_, a thousand.]

MILLET, mil'et, _n._ a grass yielding grain which is used for food. [Fr. _millet_--L. _milium_.]

MILLIARD, mil'yard, _n._ a thousand millions. [Fr.,--L. _mille_, a thousand.]

MILLIARE, mil'yar, _n._ the one-thousandth part of an are.

MILLIARY, mil'i-[=a]-ri, _adj._ pertaining to a Roman mile.--_n._ a Roman milestone.

MILLIER, m[=e]l-y[=a]', _n._ a weight of 1000 kilogrammes.

MILLIGRAM, mil'i-gram, _n._ the 1/1000th part of a gramme.

MILLILITRE, mil'i-l[=e]-t[.e]r, _n._ the thousandth part of a litre.

MILLIMETER, MILLIMETRE, mil'i-m[=e]-t[.e]r, _n._ the thousandth part of a metre.

MILLINER, mil'in-[.e]r, _n._ one who makes head-dresses, bonnets, &c. for women.--_n._ MILL'INERY, the articles made or sold by milliners: the industry of making these. [Prob. orig. _Milaner_, a trader in Milan wares, esp. silks and ribbons.]

MILLION, mil'yun, _n._ a thousand thousands (1,000,000): a very great number.--_n._ MILL'IONAIRE, a man worth a million of money or more.--_adj._ MILL'IONARY, pertaining to, or consisting of, millions.--_adj._ and _n._ MILL'IONTH, the ten hundred thousandth.--THE MILLION, the great body of the people generally. [Fr.,--Low L. _millio_--L. _mille_, 1000.]

MILLIPED, MILLEPED, mil'e-ped, _n._ a small worm-like animal, with a great number of legs.--Also MILL'IPEDE, MILL'EPEDE. [L. _millepeda_--_mille_, a thousand, _pes, pedis_, a foot.]

MILLOCRAT, mil'[=o]-krat, _n._ a wealthy mill-owner.--_n._ MILL'OCRATISM.

MILORD, mi-lord', _n._ my lord: a rich Englishman on the Continent.

MILREIS, mil'r[=e]s, _n._ a thousand reals: a Portuguese coin worth about 4s. 5d.

MILSEY, mil'si, _n._ (_prov._) a milk-strainer.

MILT, milt, _n._ the soft roe of male fishes: (_anat._) the spleen.--_v.t._ to impregnate, as the spawn of the female fish.--_n._ MILT'ER, a male fish. [A corr. of _milk_, as in Sw. _mjölke_, milt of fishes.]

MILTONIC, mil-ton'ik, _adj._ relating to _Milton_ (1608-74), or to his poetry.

MILVINE, mil'vin, _adj._ pertaining to, or like, birds of the kite family. [L. _milvinus_--_milvus_, a kite.]

MIM, mim, _adj._ (_prov._) demure, precise.

MIMBAR, mim'bar, _n._ the pulpit in a mosque.

MIME, m[=i]m, _n._ a farce in which scenes from actual life were represented by gesture: an actor in such a farce.--_n._ MIM'ESIS, a mimicking of the speech, gestures, &c. of a person or a people: (_biol._) mimicry.--_adjs._ MIMET'IC, -AL, apt to imitate.--_v.t._ MIM'IC, to imitate: simulate:--_pr.p._ mim'icking; _pa.p._ mim'icked.--_n._ one who mimics: a buffoon: a servile imitator.--_adjs._ MIM'IC, -AL, imitative: mock: miniature.--_ns._ MIM'ICKER; MIM'ICRY, act of mimicking: an imitative resemblance in one animal to another or to some inanimate object. [Gr. _mimos_.]

MIMEOGRAPH, mim'[=e]-[=o]-graf, _n._ an apparatus in which a thin fibrous paper coated with paraffin is used as a stencil for reproducing copies of written or printed matter.--_v.t._ to reproduce such by this means. [Gr. _mimeisthai_, to imitate, _graphein_, to write.]

MIMOGRAPHY, mim-og'ra-fi, _n._ the art of writing gesture-languages by means of pictorial symbols constituting ideographs.--_n._ MIMOG'RAPHER.

MIMOSA, m[=i]-m[=o]'za, _n._ a genus of leguminous plants, including the sensitive plant. [Gr. _mimos_.]

MIMULUS, mim'[=u]-lus, _n._ a genus of figworts.

MINA, m[=i]'na, _n._ a weight in silver at Athens=100 drachmas: (_B._) a weight of money valued at fifty shekels. [L. _mina_--Gr. _mna_.]

MINA, m[=i]'na, _n._ one of several different sturnoid passerine birds of India.

MINARET, min'a-ret, _n._ a turret on a Mohammedan mosque, from which the people are summoned to prayers. [Sp. _minarete_--Ar. _manarat_, lighthouse--_nar_, fire.]

MINATORY, min'a-tor-i, _adj._ threatening, menacing.--Also MIN[=A]'CIOUS. [L. _min[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_, to threaten.]

MINAUDERIE, min-[=o]'de-r[=e], _n._ a display of affectation. [Fr.]

MINCE, mins, _v.t._ to cut into small pieces: to chop fine: to diminish or suppress a part in speaking: to pronounce affectedly.--_v.i._ to walk with affected nicety: to speak affectedly:--_pr.p._ minc'ing; _pa.p._ minced (minst).--_ns._ MINCE'-MEAT, meat chopped small--hence anything thoroughly broken or cut to pieces; MINCE'-PIE, a pie made with minced meat, &c.--_adj._ MINC'ING, not speaking fully out: speaking or walking with affected nicety.--_adv._ MINC'INGLY.--MINCE MATTERS, to speak of things with affected delicacy, or to soften an account unduly.--MINCED COLLOPS (see COLLOPS). [A.S. _minsian_--_min_, small; prob. cog. with Fr. _mince_, thin, also Teut.]

MIND, m[=i]nd, _n._ the faculty by which we think, &c.: the understanding: the whole spiritual nature: memory: choice: intention: thoughts or sentiments: belief: cast of thought and feeling: (_B._) disposition.--_v.t._ to attend to: to obey: (_orig._) to remind: (_Scot._) to remember.--_v.i._ (_B._) to intend.--_adj._ MIND'ED, having a mind: disposed: determined.--_ns._ MIND'EDNESS, inclination toward anything; MIND'ER, a care-taker: one taken care of, as a pauper child by a private person.--_adj._ MIND'FUL, bearing in mind: taking thought or care: attentive: observant.--_adv._ MIND'FULLY.--_n._ MIND'FULNESS.--_adj._ MIND'LESS, without mind: stupid.--_n._ MIND'-TRANS'FERENCE, thought-transference.--MIND ONE'S P'S AND Q'S, to be accurate and precise; MIND YOUR EYE (_slang_), take care what you are about.--ABSENCE OF MIND, inattention to what is going on at the time; BEAR IN MIND, to remember; BE OUT OF ONE'S MIND, to be forgotten: to be insane; HAVE A MIND, to wish or to be inclined strongly; HAVE HALF A MIND, to be somewhat inclined; LOSE, or BE OUT OF, ONE'S MIND, to become insane; MAKE UP ONE'S MIND, to determine; MONTH'S MIND, continual prayer on a dead person's behalf for a month after death, with masses esp. on 3d, 7th, and 30th days (also A MONTHLY MIND): any very strong desire or inclination; NEVER MIND, do not concern yourself; OF ONE MIND, agreed; Of two minds, uncertain what to think or do; PRESENCE OF MIND, a state of calmness in which all the powers of the mind are on the alert and ready for action; PUT IN MIND, to warn or remind; YEAR'S MIND, a commemorative service of a similar kind to the month's mind, on the anniversary of a death. [A.S. _ge-mynd_--_munan_, to think; Ger. _meinen_, to think, L. _mens_, the mind.]

MINDERERUS SPIRIT, min-der-[=e]'rus spir'it, _n._ acetate of ammonia, much used in cases of fever.

MINE, m[=i]n, _adj. pron._ belonging to me: my. [A.S. _mín;_ Ger. _mein._]

MINE, m[=i]n, _v.i._ and _v.t._ to dig for metals: to excavate: to dig under a wall or building in order to overturn it: to ruin or destroy by secret means.--_n._ a place from which metals are dug: an excavation dug under a fortification to blow it up with gunpowder: a rich source of wealth.--_ns._ MINE'-CAP'TAIN, the overseer of a mine; M[=I]'NER, one who digs in a mine.--_adj._ M[=I]'NY, rich in mines: like a mine.--See also SUBMARINE MINE. [Low L. _min[=a]re,_ to lead, open a mine.]

MINERAL, min'[.e]r-al, _n._ an inorganic substance found in the earth or at its surface: any substance containing a metal.--_adj._ relating to minerals: having the nature of minerals: impregnated with minerals, as water: denoting inorganic substances.--_n._ MINERALIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ MIN'ERALISE, to make into a mineral: to give the properties of a mineral to: to impregnate with mineral matter.--_v.i._ to collect minerals.--_ns._ MIN'ERALISER, an element that combines with a metal to form an ore, as sulphur: a volatile or other substance, as water, which facilitates the recrystallisation of rocks; MIN'ERALIST, one versed in or employed about minerals.--_adj._ MINERALOG'ICAL, pertaining to mineralogy.--_adv._ MINERALOG'ICALLY.--_v.i._ MINERAL'OGISE, to collect or study minerals.--_ns._ MINERAL'OGIST, one versed in mineralogy; MINERAL'OGY, the science which treats of minerals: the art of describing and classifying minerals.--MINERAL ACIDS, a name applied to sulphuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acids; MINERAL BLACK, an impure carbon used as a pigment; MINERAL CAOUTCHOUC, a variety of bitumen--also _Elaterite_; MINERAL KINGDOM, that department of nature which comprises substances that are neither animal nor vegetable; MINERAL OIL, oil which is forced up or pumped from the earth, as petroleum, naphtha, &c.; MINERAL SALT, a salt of a mineral acid; MINERAL WATER, the water of certain springs having the taste of various kinds of minerals, and used as medicines. [Fr.,--_miner_, to mine--Low L. _min[=a]re;_ cf. _Mine._]

MINERVA, mi-n[.e]r'va, _n._ the Roman goddess of wisdom, of the arts and sciences, and of war--identified with the Greek Athena.--MINERVA PRESS, a printing-office in Leadenhall Street, London, whence were issued about the close of the 18th century a long series of highly sentimental novels. [L., prob. from root of _mens_, _mentis_, the mind.]

MINEVER, min'e-v[.e]r, _n._ Same as MINIVER.

MING, ming, _v.t._ to mix:--old _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ meint, ment. [A.S. _mengan;_ Ger. _mengen_.]

MINGLE, ming'gl, _v.t._ to mix: to unite into one mass: to confuse: to join in mutual intercourse.--_v.i._ to become mixed or confused.--_n._ a medley.--_n._ MING'LE-MANG'LE, a medley, jumble.--_v.t._ to confuse, jumble together.--_ns._ MING'LEMENT; MING'LER; MING'LING, mixture: a mixing or blending together.--_adv._ MING'LINGLY. [Freq. of _ming_.]

MINIATURE, min'i-a-t[=u]r, or min'i-t[=u]r, _n._ a painting on a very small scale, on ivory, vellum, or thick paper: a small or reduced copy of anything.--_adj._ on a small scale: minute.--_v.t._ to represent on a small scale.--_n._ MIN'IATURIST, one who paints miniatures. [It. _miniatura_--_miniare_, to write with red lead--L. _minium_, vermilion.]

MINIBUS, min'i-bus, _n._ a small four-wheeled carriage.

MINIÉ RIFLE. See Rifle.

MINIFY, min'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to make little or less: to depreciate.

MINIKIN, min'i-kin, _n._ a little darling: a small sort of pin: the treble string of a lute.--_adj._ small. [Old Dut., dim. of _minne_, love, cog. with Old High Ger. _minna_, memory, love.]

MINIM, min'im, _n._ (_med._) the smallest liquid measure, a drop, 1/60 drachm: (_mus._) a note (formerly the shortest) equal to two crotchets: (_Milt._) a diminutive creature: one of an austere order of mendicant friars founded about the middle of the 15th century by St Francis of Paola in Calabria (1416-1507)--called Minims (L. _minimi_, the least) to humble them even below the Franciscans (_Friars minor_).--_adj._ MIN'IMAL.--_v.t._ MIN'IMISE, to reduce to the smallest possible proportions: to treat slightingly.--_ns._ MINIM'ITUDE, MINIMIS[=A]'TION; MIN'IMUM, the least quantity or degree possible--opp. of _Maximum_: a trifle:--_pl._ MIN'IMA; MIN'IMUS (_Shak._), a being of the smallest size.--MINIMUM and MAXIMUM THERMOMETER (see THERMOMETER). [Fr. _minime_--L. _minimus_, _minima_, the smallest.]

MINIMENT, min'i-ment, _n._ obsolete form of _muniment_.

MINING, m[=i]'ning, _n._ the art of forming or of working mines: the work of a miner.--_adj._ of or pertaining to mines: of burrowing habits.

MINION, min'yun, _n._ a darling, a favourite, esp. of a prince: a flatterer: a fawning favourite: (_print._) a small kind of type, about 10½ lines to the inch, between nonpareil and brevier. [Fr. _mignon_, a darling--Old High Ger. _minna_, _minne_, love.]

MINISH, min'ish, _v.t._ (_B._) to make little or less: to diminish. [Fr. _menuiser_, to cut small, said of a carpenter--L. _minutia_, smallness.]

MINISTER, min'is-t[.e]r, _n._ a servant: one who serves at the altar: a clergyman: one transacting business for another: the responsible head of a department of state affairs: the representative of a government at a foreign court.--_v.i._ to act as a servant: to perform duties: to supply or do things needful.--_v.t._ to furnish:--_pr.p._ min'istering; _pa.p._ min'istered.--_adj._ MINIST[=E]'RIAL, pertaining to the work of a servant: acting under superior authority: pertaining to the office of a minister: clerical: executive.--_n._ MINIST[=E]'RIALIST, one who supports ministers or the government in office.--_adv._ MINIST[=E]'RIALLY.--_adj._ MIN'ISTERING, attending and serving.--_n._ MINIST[=E]'RIUM, the body of the ordained ministers in a district.--_adj._ MIN'ISTRANT, administering: attendant.--_n._ MINISTR[=A]'TION, the act of ministering or performing service: office or service of a minister.--_adj._ MIN'ISTR[=A]TIVE, serving to aid or assist: ministering.--_ns._ MIN'ISTRESS, a female minister; MIN'ISTRY, act of ministering: service: office or duties of a minister: the clergy: the clerical profession: the body of ministers who manage the business of the country. [L.,--_minor_, less.]

MINIUM, min'i-um, _n._ red oxide of lead.--_adj._ MIN'IATE, minium coloured.--_v.t._ to paint with minium. [Fr.,--L., _minium_, red lead.]

MINIVER, min'i-v[.e]r, _n._ a mixed or variegated fur. [O. Fr. _menu ver_--_menu_, small--L. _minutus_, _vair_, fur--L. _varius_, changing, mottled.]

MINK, mingk, _n._ a small quadruped of the weasel kind, valued for its fur. [Perh. from Sw. _mänk_.]

MINNESINGER, min'e-sing'[.e]r, _n._ one of a school of German amatory lyric poets in the 12th and 13th centuries, mostly of noble birth. [Ger. _minne_, love, _singer_, singer.]

MINNIE, min'i, _n._ (_Scot._) mother. [Dim. of _min_.]

MINNOW, min'[=o], _n._ a very small fresh-water fish of the same genus as the roach, chub, &c.: the young of larger fish. [A.S. _myne_, prob. _min_, less.]

MINO, m[=e]'n[=o], _n._ a Japanese rain-coat of hemp, &c.

MINOR, m[=i]'nor, _adj._ smaller: less: inferior in importance, degree, bulk, &c.: inconsiderable: lower: (_mus._) smaller by a semitone.--_n._ a person under age (21 years): (_logic_) the term of a syllogism which forms the subject of the conclusion.--_n._ M[=I]'NORITE, a Franciscan friar.--_adj._ belonging to the Franciscans.--_n._ MINOR'ITY, the state of being under age (also M[=I]'NORSHIP): the smaller of two parts of a number: a number less than half:--opp. to _Majority_.--MINOR CANON, a canon of inferior grade who assists in performing the daily choral service in a cathedral; MINOR MODE or SCALE, the mode or scale in music which has the third note only three semitones above the key; MINOR PREMISE, the premise which contains the minor term; MINOR PROPHETS, the name given to the twelve prophets from Hosea to Malachi inclusive. [L., neut. _minus_.]

MINOTAUR, min'o-tawr, _n._ the bull of Minos, a fabulous monster, half-man, half-bull. [L.,--Gr., prob. from _Minos_, king of Crete, _taurus_, a bull.]

MINSTER, min'st[.e]r, _n._ the church of an abbey or priory, but often applied to a cathedral church without any monastic connection. [A.S. _mynster_--L. _monasterium_, a monastery.]

MINSTREL, min'strel, _n._ one of an order of men who sang to the harp verses composed by themselves or others: a musician: one of a class of performers, with blackened faces, of negro songs.--_n._ MIN'STRELSY, the art or occupation of a minstrel: a company or body of minstrels: a collection of songs: (_Chaucer_) instrumental music. [O. Fr. _menestrel_--Low L. _ministralis_--L. _minister_.]

MINT, mint, _n._ the place where money is coined by government: a place where anything is invented or made: any source of abundant supply.--_v.t._ to coin: to invent.--_ns._ MINT'AGE, the money which is minted or coined: the duty paid for coining; MINT'ER, one who mints or coins: an inventor; MINT'-MAN, one skilled in coining or coinage; MINT'-MARK, a private mark put by the mint on coins for purposes of identification; MINT'-MAS'TER, the master of a mint: one who invents. [A.S. _mynet_, money--L. _mon[=e]ta_, a surname of Juno--_mon[=e]re_ to remind.]

MINT, mint, _n._ an aromatic plant producing a highly odoriferous oil.--_ns._ MINT'-JU'LEP, a spirituous drink flavoured with mint, and sucked through a straw or small tube; MINT'-SAUCE, chopped mint mixed with vinegar and sugar, used as a sauce for roast lamb. [A.S. _minte_--L. _mentha_--Gr. _mintha_.]

MINT, mint, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to purpose, try: to hint. [A.S. _myntan_, to mean--_munan_, to think.]

MINUEND, min'[=u]-end, _n._ the number from which another is to be subtracted. [L. _minuendum_--_minu[)e]re_, to lessen.]

MINUET, min'[=u]-et, _n._ a slow, graceful dance in triple measure, invented in Poitou about the middle of the 17th century: the music for such a dance. [Fr. _menuet_--_menu_, small--L. _minutus_, small.]

MINUS, m[=i]'nus, _adj._ less: less than nothing or less than zero: deficient in respect of, deprived of, without.--_n._ an amount less than nothing: the sign (-) before quantities requiring to be subtracted.--_n._ MINUS'C[=U]LE, a semi-uncial cursive script, originated by the monks in the 7th-9th centuries: any small or lower-case letter as distinguished from a capital or _Majuscule_.--_adj._ small, of a letter: written in minuscule. [L., neuter of _minor_, less.]

MINUTE, min-[=u]t', _adj._ very small or slender: of small consequence: slight: attentive to small things: particular, exact.--_adv._ MINUTE'LY.--_n._ MINUTE'NESS. [L. _min[=u]tus_, pa.p. of _minu[)e]re_, to lessen.]

MINUTE, min'it, _n._ the sixtieth part of an hour: the sixtieth part of a degree: an indefinitely small space of time: a brief jotting or note: (_pl._) a brief summary of the proceedings of a meeting.--_v.t._ to make a brief jotting or note of anything.--_adj._ (_Shak._) happening every minute.--_ns._ MIN'UTE-BELL, a bell sounded at regular intervals of one minute, in morning; MIN'UTE-BOOK, a book containing minutes or short notes; MIN'UTE-GLASS, a glass the sand of which measures a minute in running out; MIN'UTE-GUN, a gun discharged every minute, as a signal of distress or mourning; MIN'UTE-HAND, the hand that indicates the minutes on a clock or watch; MIN'UTE-JACK (_Shak._), a little figure that strikes the bell of the clock: a flighty, unstable person; MIN'UTE-MAN, a man ready to turn out at a minute's warning--the name taken by a body of militia in the American war of independence; MIN'UTE-WATCH, a watch that marks minutes; MIN'UTE-WHILE (_Shak._), a minute's time. [Same word as above.]

MINUTIÆ, mi-n[=u]'shi-[=e], _n.pl._ minute or small things: the smallest particulars or details.--_adj._ MIN[=U]'TI[=O]SE. [L., pl. of _minutia_, smallness.]

MINX, mingks, _n._ a pert young girl: a jade: a she-puppy. [Contr. of _minikin_, with added _s_.]

MIOCENE, m[=i]'o-s[=e]n, _adj._ (_geol._) less recent, applied by Lyell to the middle division of the Tertiary strata. [Gr. _mei[=o]n_, less, _kainos_, recent.]

MIOSIS, m[=i]-[=o]'sis, _n._ diminution: litotes. [Gr.]

MIR, m[=e]r, _n._ a Russian commune or local community holding land which is redistributed from time to time. [Russ. _mir[)u]_, union.]

MIRABLE, m[=i]r'a-bl, _adj._ (_Shak._) wonderful.

MIRACLE, mir'a-kl, _n._ anything wonderful: a prodigy: anything beyond human power, and away from the common action of the laws of nature: a supernatural _event._--_ns._ MIR'ACLE-MONG'ER, one who pretends to work miracles; MIR'ACLE-PLAY, a medieval form of drama founded on Old or New Testament history, or the legends of the saints.--_adj._ MIRAC'ULOUS, of the nature of a miracle: done by supernatural power: very wonderful: able to perform miracles.--_adv._ MIRAC'ULOUSLY.--_n._ MIRAC'ULOUSNESS. [Fr.,--L. _miraculum_--_mir[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_, to wonder.]

MIRADOR, mir-a-d[=o]r', _n._ a belvedere or gallery. [Sp.]

MIRAGE, mi-räzh', _n._ an optical illusion by which objects are seen double, or as if suspended in the air. [Fr.--_mirer_--L. _mir[=a]ri_.]

MIRBANE, m[.e]r'b[=a]n, _n._ nitro-benzol. [See NITRE.]

MIRE, m[=i]r, _n._ deep mud.--_v.t._ to plunge and fix in mire: to soil with mud.--_v.i._ to sink in mud.--_n._ M[=I]'RINESS.--_adj._ M[=I]'RY, consisting of mire: covered with mire. [Ice. _mýri_, marsh.]

MIRK, m[.e]rk, _adj._ dark.--_adj._ MIRK'SOME, murky.

MIRROR, mir'ur, _n._ a looking-glass: a reflecting surface, usually made of glass lined at the back with a brilliant metal: a pattern.--_v.t._ to reflect as in a mirror:--_pr.p._ mirr'oring; _pa.p._ mirr'ored.--_n._ MAG'IC-MIRR'OR, a mirror in which, by means of divination, a person sees scenes in his future life: a Japanese convex mirror, engraved on the back, by which bright light reflected from the polished surface on to a screen gives bright-lined images corresponding to the figures on the back. [O. Fr. _mireor_, _miroir_--L. _mir[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_, to wonder at.]

MIRTH, m[.e]rth, _n._ merriness: pleasure: delight: noisy gaiety: jollity: laughter.--_adj._ MIRTH'FUL, full of mirth: causing mirth: merry: jovial.--_adv._ MIRTH'FULLY.--_n._ MIRTH'FULNESS.--_adj._ MIRTH'LESS, joyless: cheerless.--_n._ MIRTH'LESSNESS, absence of mirth. [A.S. _myrgð_--_merg_, merry.]

MIRZA, mir'za, _n._ a Persian title, equivalent to 'Prince' when following the surname--a common title of respect, like 'Mr,' when preceding it.

MISACCEPTATION, mis-ak-sep-t[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of accepting or understanding in a wrong sense.

MISADVENTURE, mis-ad-vent'[=u]r, _n._ an unfortunate adventure: ill-luck: disaster.--_adjs._ MISADVENT'URED (_Shak._), unfortunate; MISADVENT'UROUS.

MISADVERTENCE, mis-ad-vert'ens, _n._ want of proper care or attention: inadvertence.

MISADVISE, mis-ad-v[=i]z', _v.t._ to give bad advice to: to deceive.--_adj._ MISADVISED', ill-advised, ill-directed.--_adv._ MISADV[=I]'SEDLY.--_n._ MISADV[=I]'SEDNESS.

MISAIMED, mis-[=a]md', _adj._ not rightly aimed.

MISALLEGE, mis-al-lej', _v.t._ to allege wrongly.

MISALLIANCE, mis-al-l[=i]'ans, _n._ a bad alliance, esp. marriage with one of a lower rank--the Fr. _Mésalliance_.--_adj._ MISALLIED'.

MISALLOTMENT, mis-al-lot'ment, _n._ a wrong allotment.

MISANTHROPE, mis'an-thr[=o]p, _n._ a hater of mankind: one who distrusts every one else--also MISAN'THROPIST.--_adjs._ MISANTHROP'IC, -AL, hating or distrusting mankind.--_adv._ MISANTHROP'ICALLY.--_ns._ MISAN'THROPOS (_Shak._), a misanthrope; MISAN'THROPY, hatred or distrust of mankind. [Fr.,--Gr. _misanthr[=o]pos_--_misein_, to hate, _anthr[=o]pos_, a man.]

MISAPPLY, mis-ap-pl[=i]', _v.t._ to apply wrongly: to use for a wrong purpose.--_n._ MISAPPLIC[=A]'TION.

MISAPPRECIATED, mis-ap-pr[=e]'shi-[=a]t-ed, _adj._ not rightly or fully appreciated.--_n._ MISAPPRECI[=A]'TION.--_adj._ MISAPPR[=E]'CI[=A]TIVE.

MISAPPREHEND, mis-ap-pre-hend', _v.t._ to apprehend wrongly: to take or understand in a wrong sense.--_n._ MISAPPREHEN'SION.--_adv._ MISAPPREHEN'SIVELY, by or with misapprehension or mistake.

MISAPPROPRIATE, mis-ap-pr[=o]'pri-[=a]t, _v.t._ to put to a wrong use.--_n._ MISAPPROPRI[=A]'TION.

MISARRANGE, mis-ar-r[=a]nj', _v.t._ to arrange wrongly: to put in wrong order.--_n._ MISARRANGE'MENT.

MISARRAY, mis-ar-r[=a]', _n._ want of proper order.

MISASSIGN, mis-as-s[=i]n', _v.t._ to assign wrongly.

MISBECOME, mis-be-kum', _v.t._ not to suit or befit: to be unfitting.--_adj._ MISBECOM'ING, unbecoming.--_n._ an impropriety.--_n._ MISBECOM'INGNESS.

MISBEGOT, MISBEGOTTEN, mis-be-got', -got'n, _p.adj._ (_Shak._) unlawfully begotten: shapeless.

MISBEHAVE, mis-be-h[=a]v', _v.i._ to behave ill or improperly.--_adj._ MISBEHAVED' (_Shak._), badly behaved: ill-bred.--_n._ MISBEHAV'IOUR.

MISBELIEVE, mis-be-l[=e]v', _v.t._ to believe wrongly or falsely.--_ns._ MISBELIEF', belief in false doctrine; MISBELIEV'ER.--_adj._ MISBELIEV'ING.

MISBESEEM, mis-be-s[=e]m', _v.t._ to suit ill.

MISBESTOW, mis-be-st[=o]', _v.t._ to bestow improperly, or on the wrong person.--_n._ MISBESTOW'AL.

MISBORN, mis'bawrn, _adj._ (_Spens._) born to evil or misfortune--_n._ MISBIRTH', an abortion.

MISCALCULATE, mis-kal'k[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to calculate wrongly.--_n._ MISCALCUL[=A]'TION.

MISCALL, mis-kawl', _v.t._ to call by a wrong name: to abuse or revile.

MISCARRIAGE, mis-kar'ij, _n._ the act of miscarrying: failure: ill-conduct: the act of bringing forth young prematurely.--_v.i._ MISCARR'Y, to be unsuccessful: to fail of the intended effect: to bring forth, as young, before the proper time.

MISCAST, mis-kast', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to cast erroneously.

MISCEGENATION, mis-s[=e]-jen-[=a]'shun, _n._ a mixture of races. [L. _misc[=e]re_, to mix, _genus_, race.]

MISCELLANEOUS, mis-sel-l[=a]n'i-us, _adj._ mixed or mingled: consisting of several kinds.--_adj._ MISCELLAN[=A]'RIAN.--_n._ a writer of miscellanies.--_adv._ MISCELLAN'EOUSLY.--_ns._ MISCELLAN'EOUSNESS; MIS'CELL[=A]NIST, a writer of miscellanies; MIS'CELLANY, a mixture of various kinds: a collection of writings on different subjects--also _n.pl._ MISCELL[=A]'NEA. [L. _miscellaneus_--_misc[=e]re_, to mix.]

MISCHALLENGE, mis-chal'enj, _n._ a false challenge.

MISCHANCE, mis-chans', _n._ ill-luck: mishap, misfortune: calamity.--_v.i._ to chance wrongly, come to ill-luck.--_adj._ MISCHAN'CY (_Scot._), unlucky.

MISCHARGE, mis-chärj', _v.t._ to charge wrongly: to make an error in an account.--_n._ a mistake in charging, as in an account.

MISCHIEF, mis'chif, _n._ an ill consequence: evil: injury: damage, hurt: (_coll._) the devil, as in 'What the mischief,' &c.--_n._ MIS'CHIEF-MAK'ER, one who incites to mischief.--_adjs._ MIS'CHIEF-MAK'ING, causing mischief; MIS'CHIEVOUS, causing mischief: injurious: prone to mischief.--_adv._ MIS'CHIEVOUSLY.--_n._ MIS'CHIEVOUSNESS.--PLAY THE MISCHIEF WITH, to disturb anything greatly. [O. Fr. _meschef_, from _mes-_, ill, _chef_--L. _caput_, the head.]

MISCIBLE, mis'si-bl, _adj._ that may be mixed.--_n._ MISCIBIL'ITY. [Fr.,--L. _misc[=e]re_, to mix.]

MISCOLLOCATION, mis-kol-lo-k[=a]'shun, _n._ wrong collocation.

MISCOLOUR, mis-kul'ur, _v.t._ to misrepresent.

MISCOMPREHEND, mis-kom-pre-hend', _v.t._ to misunderstand.--_n._ MISCOMPREHEN'SION.

MISCOMPUTATION, mis-kom-p[=u]-t[=a]'shun, _n._ wrong computation: false reckoning.

MISCONCEIT, mis-kon-s[=e]t', _n._ (_Spens._) misconception.--_v.i._ to form a wrong opinion about.

MISCONCEIVE, mis-kon-s[=e]v', _v.t._ to conceive wrongly: to mistake.--_v.i._ to have a wrong conception of anything.--_n._ MISCONCEP'TION.

MISCONDUCT, mis-kon'dukt, _n._ bad conduct: wrong management.--_v.t._ MISCONDUCT', to conduct badly.

MISCONJECTURE, mis-kon-jek't[=u]r, _n._ a wrong conjecture or guess.--_v.t._ or _v.i._ to guess or conjecture wrongly.

MISCONSTRUCT, mis-kon-strukt', _v.t._ to construct wrongly: to construe or interpret erroneously.--_n._ MISCONSTRUC'TION, a mistaking of the true meaning.

MISCONSTRUE, mis-kon'str[=oo], _v.t._ to construe or to interpret wrongly.

MISCONTENT, mis-kon-tent', _adj._ not content--also MISCONTENT'ED.--_n._ MISCONTENT'MENT.

MISCOPY, mis-kop'i, _v.t._ to copy wrongly or imperfectly.--_n._ an error in copying.

MISCOUNSEL, mis-kown'sel, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to counsel or advise wrongly.

MISCOUNT, mis-kownt', _v.t._ to count wrongly: to misjudge.--_n._ a wrong counting.

MISCREANT, mis'kr[=e]-ant, _n._ a vile wretch, a detestable scoundrel: a misbeliever, an infidel.--_adj._ unbelieving.--_n._ MIS'CREANCE (_Spens._), unbelief, belief in a false religion. [O. Fr. _mescreant_--_mes-_, L. _credens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _cred[)e]re_, to believe.]

MISCREATE, -D, mis-kr[=e]-[=a]t', -ed, _adj._ wrongly created: deformed: (_Shak._) illegitimate.--_n._ MISCRE[=A]'TION.--_adj._ MISCRE[=A]'TIVE, inclining towards wrong creation.

MISCREDIT, mis-kr[=e]d'it, _v.t._ to disbelieve.

MISCREED, mis-kr[=e]d', _n._ a false creed.

MISCUE, mis-k[=u]', _n._ at billiards, a stroke spoiled by the slipping off of the cue.

MISDATE, mis-d[=a]t', _n._ a wrong date.--_v.t._ to date wrongly or erroneously.

MISDEAL, mis-d[=e]l', _n._ a wrong deal, as at cards.--_v.t._ to deal wrongly: to divide improperly.--_v.i._ to make a wrong distribution.

MISDECISION, mis-de-sizh'un, _n._ act of deciding wrongly: a wrong decision.

MISDEED, mis-d[=e]d', _n._ a bad deed: fault: crime.

MISDEEM, mis-d[=e]m', _v.t._ to deem or think wrongly: to make a mistake in judging.

MISDEMEAN, mis-de-m[=e]n', _v.t._ to behave ill (with one's self).--_v.i._ to misbehave.--_ns._ MISDEMEAN'ANT, one who commits a misdemeanour or petty crime; MISDEMEAN'OUR, bad conduct: a legal offence of less gravity than a felony.

MISDESCRIBE, mis-des-kr[=i]b', _v.t._ to describe falsely.--_n._ MISDESCRIP'TION.

MISDESERT, mis-de-z[.e]rt', _n._ (_Spens._) ill-desert.

MISDEVOTION, mis-de-v[=o]'shun, _n._ ill-directed devotion.

MISDIET, mis-d[=i]'et, _n._ (_Spens._) improper diet or food.

MISDIGHT, mis-d[=i]t, _adj._ (_Spens._) badly dressed.

MISDIRECT, mis-di-rekt', _v.t._ to direct wrongly.--_n._ MISDIREC'TION, act of directing wrongly, or state of being wrongly directed.

MISDISTINGUISH, mis-dis-ting'gwish, _v.t._ to make wrong distinctions concerning.

MISDIVIDE, mis-di-v[=i]d', _v.t._ to divide wrongly.--_n._ MISDIVI'SION, wrong or unfair division.

MISDO, mis-d[=oo]', _v.t._ to do wrongly.--_v.i._ to act amiss, err--_ns._ MISDO'ER; MISDO'ING.

MISDOUBT, mis-dowt', _v.t._ to have a doubt or suspicion regarding: to suspect.--_n._ suspicion: hesitation.--_adj._ MISDOUBT'FUL (_Spens._), misgiving.

MISDRAW, mis-draw', _v.t._ to draw or draft badly.--_v.i._ to fall apart.--_n._ MISDRAW'ING.

MISDREAD, mis-dred', _n._ (_Shak._) dread of evil to come.--_v.t._ to regard with dread.

MISE, m[=i]z, _n._ expenditure, outlay: a gift of money to a superior, prince, &c.: in a writ of right, a traverse by which both parties put the cause directly upon the question as to which had the better right: the adjustment of a dispute by arbitration and compromise, as the 'Mise of Lewes' in 1264. [Fr.,--L. _mitt[)e]re_, _missum_.]

MISEDUCATION, mis-ed-[=u]-k[=a]'shun, _n._ improper or imperfect education.

MISEMPLOY, mis-em-ploi', _v.t._ to employ wrongly or amiss: to misuse.--_n._ MISEMPLOY'MENT, ill-employment: improper application: misuse.

MISENTRY, mis-en'tri, _n._ a wrong entry, as in an account.--_v.t._ MISEN'TER, to make such.

MISER, m[=i]'z[.e]r, _n._ a miserable person: an extremely covetous person: a niggard: one whose chief pleasure is in hoarding wealth.--_adj._ like a miser.--_adj._ M[=I]'SERLY, excessively covetous: sordid: niggardly. [L. _miser_, wretched.]

MISER, m[=i]z'[.e]r, _n._ a tubular well boring-bit, with valved opening for the earth passing up.

MISERABLE, miz'[.e]r-a-bl, _adj._ wretched, exceedingly unhappy: causing misery: very poor or mean: worthless: despicable: barren.--_n._ MIS'ERABLENESS.--_adv._ MIS'ERABLY. [Fr.,--L. _miserabilis_--_miser_.]

MISEREATUR, miz-[.e]r-[=e]-[=a]'tur, _n._ the first part of the absolution service in the R.C. liturgy, beginning 'Misereatur vestri omnipotens Deus.'

MISERERE, miz-e-r[=e]'re, _n._ the name by which in Catholic usage the penitential 50th Psalm of the Vulgate (51st in A.V.) is commonly known, from its commencement, 'Miserere mei, Domine:' a musical composition adapted to this psalm: a hinged folding-seat in a church stall, which, when turned up, shows a bracket on which a person who is standing can lean. [L., 2d pers. sing, imperf. of _miser[=e]ri_, to have mercy, to pity--_miser_, wretched.]

MISERICORDE, miz-e-ri-kord', _n._ mercy, forgiveness, pity: a folding-seat: a narrow-bladed dagger for putting a wounded foe out of pain by the _coup-de-grâce_. [Fr.,--L.,--_misericors_, _-dis_, tender-hearted.]

MISERY, miz'[.e]r-i, _n._ wretchedness: great unhappiness: extreme pain of body or of mind: a cause of pain or sorrow: (_Shak._) avarice. [O. Fr.,--L. _miseria_.]

MISESTEEM, mis-es-t[=e]m', _n._ want of esteem: disregard: disrespect.--_v.t._ MISES'TIM[=A]TE, to estimate wrongly.

MISEXPRESSION, mis-eks-presh'un, _n._ a wrong expression.

MISFAITH, mis'f[=a]th, _n._ (_Tenn._) distrust.

MISFALL, mis'-fawl', _v.t._ (_obs._) to befall unluckily.

MISFARE, mis-f[=a]r', _n._ (_Spens._) ill fare: misfortune.--_v.i._ to fare or succeed ill.

MISFEASANCE, mis-f[=e]z'ans, _n._ (_law_) a wrong done, as distinguished from _Nonfeasance_, which means a mere omission: the doing of a lawful act in a wrongful manner, as distinguished from _Malfeasance_, which means the doing of an act which is positively unlawful.--_ns._ MISFEAS'ANT, MISFEAS'OR, one who commits a misfeasance. [O. Fr., _mes-_, wrong, _faisance_--_faire_--L. _fac[)e]re_, to do.]

MISFEIGN, mis-f[=a]n', _v.i._ to feign with bad design.

MISFIT, mis-fit', _n._ a bad fit, of clothes, &c.--_v.t._ to make of a wrong size: to supply with something that does not fit.

MISFORM, mis-form', _v.t._ to form or shape badly or improperly.--_n._ MISFORM[=A]'TION.

MISFORTUNE, mis-for't[=u]n, _n._ ill-fortune: an evil accident: calamity: (_coll._) a euphemism for a lapse from virtue resulting in the birth of a natural child.--_adj._ MISFOR'TUNED. (_Milt._), unfortunate.

MISGET, mis-get', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to procure unlawfully.--_adj._ MISGOT'TEN, wrongly obtained.

MISGIVE, mis-giv', _v.t._ to fill with doubt: to destroy confidence.--_v.i._ to fail, as the heart: to give way to doubt.--_n._ MISGIV'ING, mistrust.

MISGO, mis-g[=o]', _v.i._ to go astray or amiss.

MISGOVERN, mis-guv'[.e]rn, _v.t._ to govern badly: to use power unjustly.--_ns._ MISGOV'ERNANCE (_Spens._), ill government: irregularity; MISGOV'ERNMENT.

MISGRAFF, mis-graf', MISGRAFT, mis-graft', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to graft wrongly or on a wrong stock.

MISGROWTH, mis-gr[=o]th', _n._ an irregular growth, an excrescence.

MISGUIDE, mis-g[=i]d', _v.t._ to guide wrongly: to lead into error.--_ns._ MISGUID'ANCE, MISGUIDE' (_obs._).

MISHALLOWED, mis-hal'[=o]d, _adj._ devoted to evil ends.

MISHANDLE, mis-han'dl, _v.t._ to maltreat.

MISHANTER, MISCHANTER, mi-shan't[.e]r, _n._ (_Scot._) an unlucky chance, misfortune.

MISHAP, mis-hap', _n._ ill chance: accident: misfortune.--_v.i._ MISHAP'PEN (_Spens._), to happen ill.

MISHEAR, mis-h[=e]r', _v.t._ to hear incorrectly.--_v.i._ to mistake in hearing.

MISHMASH, mish'mash, _n._ a hotch-potch, medley.

MISHMEE, mish'm[=e], _n._ the bitter tonic root of a Chinese species of gold-thread.

MISHNAH, MISHNA, mish'na, _n._ a great collection of _halachoth_, comprising the body of the 'Oral Law,' or the juridico-political, civil, and religious code of the Jews; it forms one of the divisions of the Talmud--the 'Gemara,' or commentary on the Mishna, being the other; and it was finally redacted at Tiberias in 220 A.D.:--_pl._ MISH'NOTH.--_adjs._ MISHN[=A]'IC, MISH'NIC. [Heb.,--_sh[=a]n[=a]h_, to repeat.]

MISIMPROVE, mis-im-pr[=oo]v', _v.t._ to apply to a bad purpose: to misuse.--_n._ MISIMPROVE'MENT.

MISINCLINE, mis-in-kl[=i]n', _v.t._ to cause to incline wrongly.

MISINFER, mis-in-f[.e]r', _v.t._ to infer wrongly.--_v.i._ to draw a wrong inference.

MISINFORM, mis-in-form', _v.t._ to tell incorrectly.--_ns._ MISINFORM'ANT; MISINFORM[=A]'TION; MISINFORM'ER.

MISINSTRUCT, mis-in'strukt', _v.t._ to instruct improperly.--_n._ MISINSTRUC'TION, wrong instruction.

MISINTELLIGENCE, mis-in-tel'e-jens, _n._ wrong or false information.

MISINTEND, mis-in-tend', _v.t._ to misdirect.

MISINTERPRET, mis-in-t[.e]r'pret, _v.t._ to interpret wrongly: to explain wrongly.--_ns._ MISINTERPRET[=A]'TION; MISINTER'PRETER.

MISJOIN, mis-join', _v.t._ to join improperly or unfitly.--_n._ MISJOIN'DER (_law_), an incorrect union of parties or of causes of actions in a suit.

MISJUDGE, mis-juj', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to judge wrongly.--_n._ MISJUDG'MENT.

MISKEN, mis-ken', _v.t._ (_Scot._) to be, or to appear, ignorant of.

MISKNOW, mis-n[=o]', _v.t._ to misapprehend.--_n._ MISKNOWL'EDGE.

MISLABEL, mis-l[=a]'bel, _v.t._ to mark with a wrong descriptive label, &c.

MISLAY, mis-l[=a]', _v.t._ to lay in a wrong place or in one not remembered: to lose:--_pa.p._ mislaid'.

MISLE, miz'l. See MIZZLE.

MISLEAD, mis-l[=e]d', _v.t._ to guide into error: to cause to mistake:--_pa.p._ misled'.--_n._ MISLEAD'ER.--_adj._ MISLEAD'ING, deceptive.--_adv._ MISLEAD'INGLY.

MISLEARED, mis-l[=e]rd', _adj._ (_Scot._) mistaught: wrongly informed, imposed upon.

MISLETOE. See MISTLETOE.

MISLIGHT, mis-l[=i]t', _v.t._ to lead astray by a light.

MISLIKE, mis-l[=i]k', _v.t._ to dislike: to disapprove of.--_n._ dislike: disapprobation.--_n._ MISLIKE'NESS, a misleading resemblance.

MISLIPPEN, mis-lip'n, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to disappoint, deceive: to neglect to pay attention to anything.

MISLIVE, mis-liv', _v.i._ to live a bad life.

MISLUCK, mis-luk', _v.i._ to meet with bad luck, to fail.--_n._ ill-luck.

MISMANAGE, mis-man'[=a]j, _v.t._ to conduct badly: to conduct carelessly.--_n._ MISMAN'AGEMENT.

MISMANNERS, mis-man'[.e]rz, _n.pl._ bad manners.

MISMATCH, mis-mach', _v.t._ to match unsuitably.--_n._ MISMATCH'MENT.

MISMATED, mis-m[=a]t'ed, _adj._ (_Tenn._) ill-matched.

MISMEASURE, mis-mezh'[=u]r, _v.t._ to measure wrongly.--_n._ MISMEAS'UREMENT.

MISNAME, mis-n[=a]m', _v.t._ to call by the wrong name.

MISNOMER, misn[=o]'m[.e]r, _n._ a misnaming: a wrong name. [O. Fr., from Fr. _mes-_ and _nommer_--L. _nomin[=a]re_, to name.]

MISOBSERVE, mis-ob-z[.e]rv', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to observe incorrectly.

MISOCAPNIC, mis-o-kap'nik, _adj._ hating smoke, esp. that of tobacco.

MISOCLERE, mis'o-kl[=e]r, _adj._ (_Fuller_) hating the clergy. [Gr. _misein_, to hate, _kl[=e]ros_, clergy.]

MISOGAMIST, mis-og'a-mist, _n._ a hater of marriage.--_n._ MISOG'AMY. [Gr. _misein_, to hate, _gamos_, marriage.]

MISOGYNIST, mis-oj'i-nist, _n._ a woman-hater.--_adjs._ MISOGYNIST'ICAL, MISOG'YNOUS.--_n._ MISOG'YNY. [Gr. _misein_, to hate, _gyn[=e]_, a woman.]

MISOLOGY, mi-sol'o-ji, _n._ hatred of reason.--_n._ MISOL'OGIST. [Gr., _misein_, to hate, _logos_, reason.]

MISOTHEISM, mis'o-th[=e]-izm, _n._ hatred of God. [Gr. _misein_, to hate, _theos_, God.]

MISPAINT, mis-p[=a]nt', _v.t._ to paint in false colours.

MISPERSUASION, mis-p[.e]r-sw[=a]'zhun, _n._ a wrong persuasion or notion: a false opinion.

MISPLACE, mis-pl[=a]s', _v.t._ to put in a wrong place: to set on an improper object.--_n._ MISPLACE'MENT.

MISPLAY, mis-pl[=a]', _n._ a wrong play.

MISPLEAD, mis-pl[=e]d', _v.i._ to plead wrongly.--_n._ MISPLEAD'ING, an error in pleading.

MISPLEASE, mis-pl[=e]z', _v.t._ to displease.

MISPOINT, mis-point', _v.t._ to punctuate wrongly.

MISPOLICY, mis-pol'i-si, _n._ bad policy.

MISPRACTICE, mis-prak'tis, _n._ misconduct.

MISPRAISE, mis-pr[=a]z', _v.t._ to praise falsely.

MISPRINT, mis-print', _v.t._ to print wrong.--_n._ a mistake in printing.

MISPRISE, mis-pr[=i]z', _v.t._ to slight, undervalue. [O. Fr _mespriser_--pfx. _mes-_, amiss, Low L. _preti[=a]re_--L. _pretium_, price.]

MISPRISION, mis-prizh'un, _n._ mistake: (_law_) criminal oversight or neglect in respect to the crime of another: any serious offence, failure of duty--_positive_ or _negative_, according as it is maladministration or mere neglect.--MISPRISION OF HERESY, TREASON, &c., knowledge of and failure to give information about heresy, treason, &c. [O. Fr., _mes-_, ill, Low L. _prension-em_--L. _prehend[)e]re_, to take.]

MISPRIZE, mis-pr[=i]z', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to mistake.

MISPRONOUNCE, mis-pro-nowns', _v.t._ to pronounce incorrectly.--_n._ MISPRONUNCI[=A]'TION, wrong or improper pronunciation.

MISPROUD, mis-prowd', _adj._ unduly proud.

MISPUNCTUATE, mis-pungk't[=u]-[=a]t, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to punctuate wrongly.--_n._ MISPUNCTU[=A]'TION.

MISPURSUIT, mis-pur-s[=u]t', _n._ a mistaken pursuit.

MISQUALIFY, mis-kwol'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to characterise erroneously.

MISQUOTE, mis-kw[=o]t', _v.t._ to quote wrongly.--_n._ MISQUOT[=A]'TION, a wrong quotation.

MISREAD, mis-r[=e]d', _v.t._ to read wrongly: to misinterpret.--_n._ MISREAD'ING, an erroneous reading.

MISRECKON, mis,-rek'n, _v.t._ to reckon or compute wrongly.--_n._ MISRECK'ONING.

MISREGARD, mis-re-gärd', _n._ (_Spens._) misconstruction.

MISRELATE, mis-re-l[=a]t', _v.t._ to relate incorrectly.--_n._ MISREL[=A]'TION.

MISREMEMBER, mis-re-mem'b[.e]r, _v.t._ to mistake in remembering.--_v.i._ to fail to remember correctly.

MISREPORT, mis-re-p[=o]rt', _v.t._ to give an incorrect report or account of.--_n._ a false report.

MISREPRESENT, mis-rep-re-zent', _v.t._ to represent incorrectly: to act unfaithfully on behalf of.--_v.i._ to give a false impression.--_n._ MISREPRESENT[=A]'TION.

MISRESEMBLANCE, mis-re-zem'blans, _n._ an imperfect resemblance.

MISRULE, mis-r[=oo]l', _n._ wrong or unjust rule: disorder: tumult.--_v.t._ and _v.i_. to govern badly.--ABBOT, or LORD, OF MISRULE, or UNREASON, ancient titles for the leader of the Christmas revels.

MISS, mis, _n._ a title of address of an unmarried female: a young woman or girl: (_obs._) a kept mistress:--_pl._ MISS'ES--either the 'Miss Hepburns' or the 'Misses Hepburn' may be said, but the latter is preferable.--_n._ MISS'-NAN'CY, a very effeminate young man. [Contr. of _mistress_.]

MISS, mis, _v.t._ to fail to hit, reach, find, or keep: to omit: to fail to have: to discover the absence of: to feel the want of: to fail to observe: to leave out.--_v.i._ to fail to hit or obtain: to go wrong.--_n._ a failure to hit the mark: loss.--MISS FIRE, to fail to go off or explode from some cause; MISS ONE'S TIP (_slang_), to fail in one's plan or attempt; MISS STAYS (_naut._), to fail in going about from one tack to another. [A.S. _missan_; Dut. _missen_, to miss.]

MISSAL, mis'al, _n._ the book which contains the complete service for mass throughout the year. [Low L. _missale_, from _missa_, mass.]

MISSAY, mis-s[=a]', _v.i._ to say or speak incorrectly or falsely.--_v.t._ to utter amiss: to slander.

MISSEE, mis-s[=e]', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to see falsely or erroneously, to take a distorted view.

MISSEEM, mis-s[=e]m', _v.i._ (_Spens._) to seem or appear falsely, to misbecome.--_p.adj._ MISSEEM'ING, unbecoming.--_n._ false appearance.

MISSEL, mis'l, _n._ the largest of the European thrushes--supposed to be fond of the berries of the mistletoe.--Also MISS'EL-BIRD, MISS'EL-THRUSH.

MISSELTOE. See MISTLETOE.

MISSEL-TREE, mis'l-tr[=e], _n._ a tree of the Melastoma family in British Guiana.

MISSET, mis-set', _v.t._ to set or place wrongly or unfitly.--_p.adj._ (_Scot._) out of humour.

MISSHAPE, mis-sh[=a]p', _v.t._ to shape ill: to deform.--_n._ deformity.--_p.adj._ MISSHAP'EN, ill-shaped.--_n._ MISSHAP'ENNESS.

MISSHEATHED, mis-sh[=e]thd', _adj._ (_Shak._) wrongly sheathed.

MISSILE, mis'il, _adj._ that may be thrown from the hand or from any instrument.--_n._ a weapon thrown by the hand. [L. _missilis_--_mitt[)e]re_, _missum_, to throw.]

MISSING, mis'ing, _adj._ absent from the place where it was expected to be found: lost: wanting.--_adv._ MISS'INGLY (_Shak._), with a sense of loss.--MISSING LINK (see LINK). [See MISS (_v._).]

MISSION, mish'un, _n._ a sending of any agent, delegate, or messenger: the purpose for which one is sent: the sending out persons to spread a religion: a series of special religious services conducted by a _missioner_: any particular field of missionary enterprise: persons sent on a mission: an embassy: a station or association of missionaries: duty on which one is sent: purpose of life.--_v.t._ (_rare_) to commission.--_n._ MISS'IONARY, one sent upon a mission to spread the knowledge of religion.--_adj._ pertaining to missions.--_ns._ MISS'IONARY-BISH'OP, one having jurisdiction in a heathen country, or in districts not yet formed into dioceses; MISS'IONER, one who conducts a series of special mission services; MISS'ION-SCHOOL, a school for religious, and sometimes also secular, instruction for the poor, kept up by charity: a school conducted by a missionary abroad. [Fr.,--L. _mission-em_--_mitt[)e]re_, to send.]

MISSIS, mis'iz, _n._ a colloquial form of mistress: a wife.

MISSISH, mis'ish, _adj._ prim, affected.--_n._ MISS'ISHNESS.--_adj._ MISS'Y, namby-pamby, sentimental.--_n._ a diminutive of miss. [_Miss_.]

MISSIVE, mis'iv, _adj._ that may be sent: intended to be thrown or hurled.--_n._ that which is sent, as a letter: (_Shak._) messenger: (_pl._, _Scots law_) letters sent between two parties in which one makes an offer and the other accepts it. [Fr.,--L. _missus_.]

MISSPEAK, mis-sp[=e]k', _v.t._ to utter wrongly.--_v.i._ to mistake or err in speaking.

MISSPELL, mis-spel', _v.t._ to spell wrongly.--_n._ MISSPELL'ING, a wrong spelling.

MISSPEND, mis-spend', _v.t._ to spend ill: to waste or squander:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ misspent'.

MISSTATE, mis-st[=a]t', _v.t._ to state wrongly or falsely.--_n._ MISSTATE'MENT.

MISSTEP, mis-step', _v.i._ to make a false step; to make a mistake.--_n._ a mistake in conduct, &c.

MISSUIT, mis-s[=u]t', _v.t._ to be unbecoming to.

MISSUMMATION, mis-su-m[=a]'shun, _n._ wrong addition.

MISSY. See MISSISH.

MIST, mist, _n._ watery vapour seen in the atmosphere: rain in very fine drops: anything that dims or darkens the sight or the judgment.--_n._ MIST'FLOW'ER, a North American plant of the Aster family, with clusters of blue or violet flowers.--_adj._ MIST'FUL, misty.--_adv._ MIST'ILY.--_n._ MIST'INESS.--_adj._ MIST'Y, full of mist: dim: obscure, not perspicuous.--SCOTCH MIST, a very wetting rain. [A.S. _mist_, darkness; Ice. _mistr_, _mist_, Dut. _mist_.]

MISTAKE, mis-t[=a]k', _v.t._ to understand wrongly: to take one thing or person for another.--_v.i._ to err in opinion or judgment.--_n._ a taking or understanding wrongly: an error.--_adjs._ MISTAK'ABLE; MISTAK'EN, understood wrongly: guilty of a mistake: erroneous: incorrect.--_adv._ MISTAK'ENLY.--_n._ MISTAK'ING (_Shak._), a mistake.--AND NO MISTAKE (_coll._), without any manner of doubt: without fail; BE MISTAKEN, to make or have made a mistake: to be misunderstood. [M. E. _mistaken_--Ice. _mistaka_, to take wrongly--_mis-_, wrongly, _taka_, to take.]

MISTEACH, mis-t[=e]ch', _v.t._ to teach wrongly.

MISTELL, mis-tel', _v.t._ to tell wrongly.

MISTEMPER, mis-tem'p[.e]r, _v.t._ to temper ill: to disorder.--_adj._ MISTEM'PERED (_Shak._), angry.

MISTER, mis't[.e]r, _n._ (_Spens._) manner, kind: (_Scot._) necessity.--_v.i._ (_Spens._) to need, require: to be poor: to be necessary. [O. Fr. _mestier_ (Fr. _métier_), trade--L. _ministerium_, service.]

MISTER, mis't[.e]r, _n._ sir: a title of address to a man, written MR. [A corr. of _master_, through the influence of _mistress_.]

MISTERM, mis-t[.e]rm', _v.t._ to term or name wrongly.

MISTERY, mis't[.e]r-i, _n._ (_Shak._) an art or trade--often spelt _mystery_. [_Mister_, trade.]

MISTHINK, mis-thingk', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to think ill of.--_v.i._ to think wrongly.--_n._ MISTHOUGHT', a wrong notion.

MISTICO, mis'ti-k[=o], _n._ a small Mediterranean coaster, between a xebec and a felucca. [Sp.,--Ar.]

MISTIGRIS, mis'ti-gris, _n._ a variation of poker in which a joker is used, to which the player holding it gives what value he chooses--also the joker when so used.

MISTIME, mis-t[=i]m', _v.t._ to time wrongly.--_adj._ MISTIMED', unseasonable.

MISTITLE, mis-t[=i]'tl, _v.t._ to call by a wrong title.

MISTLE. Same as MIZZLE.

MISTLETOE, miz'l-t[=o], _n._ a parasitic evergreen plant, with white viscous berries, found in southern England and elsewhere growing on the apple, apricot, &c. (very rarely on the oak). [A.S. _mistel-tán_ (Ice. _mistel-teinn_)--_mistel_, mistletoe, A.S. _tán_, twig; _mistel_ is a dim. of _mist_.]

MISTRADITION, mis-tra-dish'un, _n._ a false tradition.

MISTRAIN, mis-tr[=a]n', _v.t._ to train amiss.

MISTRAL, mis'träl, _n._ a violent north-west wind which at certain seasons prevails on the south coast of France. [Fr. _mistral_, lit. a master (wind)--L. _magister_, master.]

MISTRANSLATE, mis-trans-l[=a]t', _v.t._ to translate incorrectly.--_n._ MISTRANSL[=A]'TION.

MISTREADING, mis-tred'ing, _n._ (_Shak._) a wrong treading or going, a false step.

MISTREAT, mis-tr[=e]t', _v.t._ to treat ill: to abuse.--_n._ MISTREAT'MENT, ill-treatment: abuse.

MISTRESS, mis'tres, _n._ (_fem._ of _Master_) a woman having power or ownership: the female head of a family, school, &c.: a woman well skilled in anything: a woman loved and courted: a concubine: (_fem._ of _Mister_) a form of address once applied to any woman or girl, now given to a married woman (usually written _Mrs_ and pronounced mis'ez): (_Shak._) the small ball at bowls, now called the Jack, at which the players aim.--_v.t._ to play the mistress. [O. Fr. _maistresse_ (Fr. _maîtresse_).]

MISTRIAL, mis-tr[=i]'al, _n._ a trial void because of error, as by disqualification of a juror, &c.: a trial in which the jury fail to agree.

MISTRUST, mis-trust', _n._ want of trust or confidence.--_v.t._ to regard with suspicion: to doubt.--_adj._ MISTRUST'FUL, full of mistrust.--_adv._ MISTRUST'FULLY.--_n._ MISTRUST'FULNESS.--_adv._ MISTRUST'INGLY, with mistrust: without confidence.--_adj._ MISTRUST'LESS, without mistrust or suspicion.

MISTRYST, mis-tr[=i]st', _v.t._ (_Scot._) to disappoint by not keeping an engagement: to deceive.

MISTUNE, mis-t[=u]n', _v.t._ to tune wrongly or falsely: to put out of tune.

MISUNDERSTAND, mis-un-d[.e]r-stand', _v.t._ to take in a wrong sense.--_n._ MISUNDERSTAND'ING, a mistake as to meaning: a slight disagreement.

MISUSE, mis-[=u]s', _n._ improper use: application to a bad purpose.--_v.t._ MISUSE (mis-[=u]z'), to use for a wrong purpose or in a wrong way: to treat ill: to abuse.--_n._ MISUS'AGE, ill-usage: abuse.

MISVENTURE, mis-ven't[=u]r, _n._ a misadventure.--_adj._ MISVEN'TUROUS.

MISWEEN, mis-w[=e]n', _v.i._ to judge wrongly.

MISWEND, mis-wend', _v.i._ to wander.

MISWORSHIP, mis-wur'ship, _v.t._ to worship wrongly.--_n._ worship of a wrong object.

MISWRITE, mis-r[=i]t', _v.t._ to write incorrectly.

MISWROUGHT, mis-rawt', _adj._ badly wrought.

MITE, m[=i]t, _n._ an acaridan arachnid, esp. one of the smaller forms, as the cheese-mite, &c. [A.S. _míte_.]

MITE, m[=i]t, _n._ the minutest or smallest of coins, about one-fourth of a farthing: anything very small, even a person: a very little quantity. [Old Dut. _mijt_.]

MITHRAS, mith'ras, _n._ a Perso-Iranian divinity of light, worshipped with elaborate secret rites and mysteries, popular at Rome in the early Empire--representations of Mithras as a beautiful youth in Phrygian dress sacrificing a bull being common in Roman art--also MITH'RA.--_n._ MITHRÆ'UM, a grotto sacred to Mithras.--_adj._ MITHR[=A]'IC.--_ns._ MITHR[=A]'ICISM, MITH'RAISM.--_v.i._ MITH'RAISE.--_n._ MITH'RAIST. [L.,--Gr.,--Old Pers. _Mitra_.]

MITHRIDATE, mith'ri-d[=a]t, _n._ an antidote to poison, _Mithridates_, king of Pontus (b.c. 120-63), having made himself proof against poisons.--_adj._ MITHRIDAT'IC.

MITIGATE, mit'i-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to make more easily borne: to lessen the severity of: to temper: to reduce in amount (as evil).--_adjs._ MIT'IGABLE, that can be mitigated; MIT'IGANT, mitigating.--_n._ MITIG[=A]'TION, act of mitigating: alleviation: abatement.--_adjs._ MIT'IGATIVE, MIT'IGATORY, tending to mitigate: soothing.--_n._ MIT'IGATOR, one who mitigates. [L. _mitig[=a]re_, _-atum_--_mitis_, mild.]

MITRAILLEUSE, m[=e]-tra-lyez', _n._ a breech-loading machine-gun, discharging a stream of bullets with great rapidity--first brought into use by the French in 1870-71.--_n._ MITRAILLE (m[=e]-traly'), grapeshot.--_v.t._ to fire mitraille at--_n._ MITRAILLEUR (m[=e]-tra-ly[.e]r'), a man in charge of a mitrailleuse. [Fr. _mitrailler_, to fire with grapeshot--_mitraille_, grapeshot.]

MITRE, m[=i]'t[.e]r, _n._ a head-dress worn by archbishops and bishops, and sometimes by abbots: (_fig._) episcopal dignity: (_archit._) a junction of two pieces, as of moulding, at an angle of 45°: a cap or cowl for a chimney or ventilator-pipe: a gusset in sewing, &c.--_v.t._ to adorn with a mitre: to unite at an angle of 45°.--_adjs._ M[=I]'TRAL, MIT'RIFORM, having the form of a mitre: (_bot._) conical, and somewhat dilated at the base.--_ns._ M[=I]'TRE-JOINT, a joint between two pieces, each cut at an angle of 45°; M[=I]'TRE-WHEEL, a bevel-wheel having its face inclined 45° to its axis. [Fr.,--L. _mitra_--Gr. _mitra_, belt, fillet.]

MITT, mit, short for _mitten_.

MITTEN., mit'n, _n._ a kind of glove for winter use, without a separate cover for each finger: a glove for the hand and wrist, but not the fingers.--_v.t._ to put mittens on.--GET THE MITTEN, to be rejected as a lover. [O. Fr. _mitaine_, perh. from Middle High Ger. _mittemo_, 'half glove;' but perh. Celtic, cf. Gael. and Ir. _mutan_, a muff.]

MITTIMUS, mit'i-mus, _n._ (_law_) a warrant granted for sending to prison a person charged with a crime: a writ by which a record is transferred out of one court to another: a formal dismissal from a situation. [L., 'we send'--_mitt[)e]re_, to send.]

MITY, m[=i]t'i, _adj._ full of mites or insects.

MIURUS, m[=i]-[=u]'rus, _n._ a dactylic hexameter with short penultimate syllable. [Gr. _meiouros_, curtailed, _mei[=o]n_, less, _oura_, a tail.]

MIX, miks, _v.t._ to unite two or more things into one mass: to mingle: to associate.--_v.i._ to become mixed: to be joined: to associate.--_n._ a jumble, a mess.--_adjs._ MIX'ABLE, MIX'IBLE; MIXED, mingled: promiscuous: confused.--_adv._ MIX'EDLY.--_n._ MIX'ER.--_adjs._ MIX'O-BARBAR'IC, not purely barbarous; MIX'TIFORM, of a mixed character; MIXTIL[=I]'NEAL, consisting of a mixture of lines, right, curved, &c.--_ns._ MIX'TION, a mixture of amber, mastic, and asphaltum used as a mordant for fixing gold-leaf to distemper pictures or to wood; MIX'T[=U]RE, act of mixing or state of being mixed: a mass or compound formed by mixing: (_chem._) a composition in which the ingredients retain their properties--opp. to _Combination_: a compound-stop in organ-building: a preparation in which an insoluble compound is suspended in an aqueous solution: a cloth of variegated colouring.--_adj._ MIX'TY-MAX'TY (_Scot._), mixed confusedly together.--MIX UP, to confuse.--MIXED CHALICE, the chalice prepared for the eucharist, containing wine mixed with water; MIXED MARRIAGE, one in which the contracting persons are of different religions. [A.S. _miscan_; Ger. _mischen_.]

MIXEN, miks'n, _n._ (_Tenn._) a dunghill. [A.S. _mixen_--_mix_, _meox_, dung.]

MIZMAZE, miz'm[=a]z, _n._ a labyrinth: bewilderment.

MIZZEN, MIZEN, miz'n, _n._ in a three-masted vessel, the hindmost of the fore-and-aft sails: the spanker or driver.--_adj._ belonging to the mizzen: nearest the stern.--_n._ MIZZ'EN-MAST, the mast that bears the mizzen. [Fr. _misaine_--It. _mezzana_--Low L. _medianus_--L. _medius_, the middle.]

MIZZLE, miz'l, _v.i._ to rain in small drops.--_n._ fine rain.--_n._ MIZZ'LING, a thick mist.--_adj._ MIZZ'LY, misty. [For _mist-le_, freq. from _mist_.]

MIZZLE, miz'l, _v.i._ to yield: (_slang_) to decamp.--_v.t._ to muddle, confuse.

MJOLNIR, my[=o]l'nir, _n._ Thor's terrible hammer.

MNEMONIC, -AL, n[=e]-mon'ik, -al, _adj._ assisting the memory.--_ns._ MNEMON'ICS, the art of assisting the memory: a mode of recalling to the mind any fact or number, or a series of disconnected terms or figures; MNEMOS'YNE, goddess of memory, mother of the Muses.--_adj._ MNEMOTECH'NIC, mnemonic.--_n._ MNEMOTECH'NICS, mnemonics. [Gr. _mn[=e]monikos_--_mn[=e]m[=o]n_, mindful--_mnasthai_, to remember.]

MO, m[=o], _adj._ and _adv._ (_obs._) more.--Also MOE. [A.S. _má_, more, connected with _mára_.]

MOA, m[=o]'a, _n._ an extinct large wingless ostrich-like bird of New Zealand.

MOABITE, m[=o]'a-b[=i]t, _n._ one of the ancient people of _Moab_, living to the east of the lower part of Jordan and the Dead Sea.--_adj._ of or pertaining to Moab.--_n._ M[=O]'ABITE-STONE, slab of black, basalt found in 1868 among the ruins of Dhibân (_Dibon_) in Moab, bearing an inscription of 34 lines in Hebrew-Phoenician letters, about the revolt of Mesha, king of Moab, against the king of Israel (2 Kings, iii.)

MOAN, m[=o]n, _v.i._ to make a low sound of grief or pain: to lament audibly.--_v.t._ to lament.--_n._ a low sound of grief or pain: audible expression of pain.--_adj._ MOAN'FUL, expressing sorrow: lamentable.--_adv._ MOAN'FULLY, with lamentation. [A.S. _m['æ]nan_.]

MOAT, m[=o]t, _n._ a deep trench round a castle or fortified place, sometimes filled with water: (_obs._) a hill or mound.--_v.t._ to surround with a moat.--_adj._ MOAT'ED. [O. Fr, _mote_, a mound, trench.]

MOB, mob, _n._ the mobile or fickle common people: the vulgar: the rabble: a disorderly crowd, a riotous assembly: a large herd or flock.--_v.t._ to attack in a disorderly crowd:--_pr.p._ mob'bing; _pa.p._ mobbed.--_adj._ MOB'BISH.--_ns._ MOB'-LAW, lynch-law; MOBOC'RACY, rule or ascendency exercised by the mob; MOB'OCRAT, a demagogue.--_adj._ MOBOCRAT'IC.--_n._ MOBS'MAN, a well-dressed thief or swindler--usually _Swell-mobsman_. [Contr. for L. _mobile_ (_vulgus_), the fickle (multitude); _mov[=e]re_ to move.]

MOB, mob, or MOB'-CAP, _n._ a cap with puffy crown, a broad band, and frills--_v.t._ to cover, as the face, by a cap or hood. [Old Dut. _mop_; mod. Dut. _mopmuts_, a woman's nightcap; cf. Scotch _Mutch_.]

MOBBY, mob'i, _n._ the juice of apples or peaches from which brandy is to be distilled.

MOBILE, m[=o]'bil, or mob'il, _adj._ that can be moved or excited.--_n._ MOBILIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ M[=O]'BILISE, to put in readiness for service in war: to call into active service, as troops.--_n._ MOBIL'ITY, quality of being mobile: (_slang_) the mob.--CRÉDIT MOBILIER, the system in banking of advancing money to the owners of movable property--as opposed to CREDIT FONCIER, on the security of real or immovable property. [Fr. _mobiliser_--L. _mobilis_.]

MOBLE, mob'l, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to muffle or cover the head, as in a mob or hood. [Freq. of _mob_, a cap.]

MOCCASIN, mok'a-sin, _n._ a shoe of deerskin or other soft leather, worn by the North American Indians: a venomous North American serpent.--Also MOC'ASSIN. [Algonkin _mawcahsun_.]

MOCHA, m[=o]'ka, _n._ a very fine kind of coffee produced in Arabia, and brought from _Mocha_, the port of Yemen.

MOCHE, m[=o]sh, _n._ an imported package of spun silk.

MOCK, mok, _v.t._ to laugh at: to make sport of: to mimic in ridicule: to disappoint the hopes of: to deceive: to set at nought, defy.--_n._ ridicule, a sneer: a bringing into ridicule.--_adj._ imitating reality, but not real: false.--_adj._ MOCK'ABLE, exposed to, or deserving, derision.--_ns._ MOCK'ER; MOCK'ERY, MOCK'ING, derision: ridicule: subject of laughter or sport: fruitless labour: vain imitation: false show.--_adj._ MOCK'-HER[=O]'IC, mocking the heroic style, or the actions or characters of heroes.--_n._ MOCK'ING-BIRD, a bird of North America, of the thrush family, which mocks or imitates the notes of birds and other sounds.--_adv._ MOCK'INGLY.--_n._ MOCK'-OR'ANGE, an ornamental shrub of the saxifrage family--also _Syringa_. MOCK SUN (see PARHELION); MOCK TURTLE SOUP, a dish made of calf's head, veal, &c., seasoned in imitation of turtle soup. [O. Fr. _moquer_; from a Teut. root seen in Ger. _mucken_, to mutter; prob. imit.]

MOCUDDUM, mo-kud'um, _n._ a chief: a head-man. [Hind. from Ar., _mukaddam_, a head-man.]

MOD, mod, _n._ an assembly, meeting, of a similar nature to the Welsh Eisteddfod. [Gael.]

MODE, m[=o]d, _n._ manner of acting, doing, or existing: rule: custom: form: that which exists only as a quality of substance: a form of the verb, same as _mood_: in lace-making, a small decorative piece inserted in a pattern: the openwork between the solid parts of a pattern: a woman's mantle with a hood: (_mus._) the method of dividing the octave for melodic purposes according to the position of its steps and half-steps.--_adj._ M[=O]'DAL, relating to mode or form without reference to substance: consisting of mode only: (_logic_) indicating some mode of expression.--_ns._ M[=O]'DALISM, the doctrine first set forth by Sabellius that the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are not three distinct personalities, but only three different modes of manifestation; M[=O]'DALIST, one who holds this theory.--_adj._ MODALIST'IC.--_n._ MODAL'ITY, mode in its logical sense: (_law_) the quality of being limited by a condition.--_adv._ M[=O]'DALLY.--GREEK MODES, consisting each of two tetra-chords and one whole step; GREGORIAN, MEDIEVAL, or ECCLESIASTICAL MODES, derived from the above by Ambrose, Gregory the Great, &c., each of the seven natural sounds of the diatonic scale forming the keynote or _final_ of a mode, which embraced that note and the seven above it. To each of these seven modes is attached another, in which the melody, while having the same final or keynote, instead of ascending to the octave above, ranges from the fourth below it to the fifth above. The former are called the _authentic modes_, the latter _plagal_; MAJOR MODE, a modern mode, consisting of two steps, a half-step, three steps, and a half-step; MINOR MODE, a modern mode, consisting of a step, a half-step, two steps, a half-step, and two steps. [Fr.,--L. _modus_.]

MODEL, mod'el, _n._ something to show the mode or way: something to be copied: a pattern: a mould: an imitation of something on a smaller scale: a living person from whom an artist works: something worthy of imitation.--_adj._ serving as a model: fit for a model.--_v.t._ to form after a model: to shape: to make a model or copy of: to form in some soft material.--_v.i._ to practise modelling:--_pr.p._ mod'elling; _pa.p._ mod'elled.--_ns._ MOD'ELLER; MOD'ELLING, the act or art of making a model of something, a branch of sculpture. [Fr.,--L. _modulus_, dim. of _modus_, a measure.]

MODENA, mod'e-na, _n._ a shade of crimson.

MODERATE, mod'[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.t._ to keep within measure or bounds: to regulate: to reduce in intensity: to make temperate or reasonable: to pacify: to decide as a moderator.--_v.i._ to become less violent or intense: to preside or act as a moderator.--_adj._ kept within measure or bounds: not excessive or extreme: temperate: of middle rate.--_n._ one of a party in Scottish Church history dominant in the 18th century, lax in doctrine and discipline, but intolerant of Evangelicanism and popular rights--it caused the secessions of 1733 and 1761, and its final resultant was the Disruption of 1843.--_adv._ MOD'ERATELY.--_ns._ MOD'ERATENESS; MODER[=A]'TION, act of moderating: state of being moderated or moderate: freedom from excess: calmness of mind; MOD'ERATISM, moderate opinions in religion or politics.--_adv._ MODERÄ'TO (_mus._), with moderate quickness.--_ns._ MOD'ER[=A]TOR, one who, or that which, moderates or restrains: a president or chairman, esp. in Presbyterian Church courts: an officer at the universities of Oxford and Cambridge who superintends the examination for degrees: a kind of lamp in which the flow of the oil to the wick is regulated:--_fem._ MOD'ERATRIX; MOD'ERATORSHIP. [L. _moder[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_modus_, a measure.]

MODERN, mod'[.e]rn, _adj._ limited to the present or recent time: not ancient: (_Shak._) commonplace.--_n._ one who lives in modern times: (_pl._) the nations of the present day, distinguished from the Greeks and Romans--the ancients.--_n._ MODERNIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ MOD'ERNISE, to adapt to the present time.--_ns._ MOD'ERNISER; MOD'ERNISM, modern practice or character: something of modern origin; MOD'ERNIST, an admirer of modern ideas or habits.--_adv._ MOD'ERNLY.--_ns._ MOD'ERNNESS, MOD'ERNITY, state or quality of being modern. [Fr.,--L. _modernus_--_modo_; just now, orig. abl. of _modus_.]

MODEST, mod'est, _adj._ restrained by a sense of propriety: not forward: decent: chaste: pure and delicate, as thoughts or language: not excessive or extreme: moderate.--_adv._ MOD'ESTLY.--_n._ MOD'ESTY, humility: purity of thought and manners: becoming behaviour: chastity, purity: moderation. [Fr.,--L. _modestus_--_modus_; a measure.]

MODICUM, mod'i-kum, _n._ a small quantity: something of a moderate size: anything very small. [L. neut. of _modicus_, moderate--_modus_.]

MODIFY, mod'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to set bounds to: to moderate: to change the form or quality of: to alter slightly: to vary.--_adj._ MODIF[=I]'ABLE.--_n._ MODIFIC[=A]'TION, act of modifying or state of being modified: result of alteration or change: changed shape or condition.--_adjs._ MOD'IFIC[=A]TIVE, MOD'IFIC[=A]TORY, tending to modify: causing change of form or condition.--_n._ MOD'IF[=I]ER. [Fr. _modifier_--L. _modific[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_modus_, a measure, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

MODILLION, mod-il'yun, _n._ (_archit._) an ornamental bracket used in the cornices of the Corinthian and composite styles. [Fr.,--L. _modulus_--_modus_, a measure.]

MODIOLUS, mo-d[=i]'o-lus, _n._ the central stem round which wind the passages of the cochlea of the internal ear.--_adjs._ MOD[=I]'OLAR, MOD[=I]'OLIFORM.

MODISH, m[=o]'dish, _adj._ according to the fashion.--_adv._ M[=O]'DISHLY.--_ns._ M[=O]'DISHNESS; M[=O]'DIST, one who follows the fashion; MODISTE (m[=o]-d[=e]st'), a fashionable dressmaker.

MODIUS, m[=o]'di-us, _n._ a Roman dry measure=2 gal.: a cylindrical head-dress:--_pl._ M[=O]'DII (-[=i]). [L.]

MODULATE, mod'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to measure, to regulate: to vary the tone of voice so as to give expression: (_mus._) to change the key or mode.--_v.i._ to pass from one key into another.--_adj._ MOD'ULAR, of or pertaining to mode or modulation, or to a module.--_ns._ MODUL[=A]'TION, the act of modulating: state of being modulated: (_mus._) the changing of the keynote and of the original scale by the introduction of a new sharp or flat; MOD'UL[=A]TOR, one who, or that which, modulates: a chart in the Tonic Sol-fa musical notation on which the modulations or changes from one scale to another are shown by the relative position of the notes; MOD'ULE, a small measure or quantity: (_archit._) a measure such as the diameter of the shaft for regulating the proportions of the other parts of columns: (_Shak._) a model, image; MOD'ULUS (_math._), a constant multiplier in a function of a variable, by which the function is adapted to a particular base:--_pl._ MODULI (mod'[=u]-l[=i]). [L. _modul[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_modulus_, dim. of _modus_, a measure.]

MODUS, m[=o]'dus, _n._ the way or style of expressing anything: a fixed payment instead of tithes: (_law_) a departure from, or a modification of, some general rule or form:--_pl._ M[=O]'D[=I]. [L. _modus_, manner.]

MODWALL, mod'wal, _n._ (_prov._) the bee-eater.

MOE, m[=o], _adj._ and _adv._ (_Shak._). See MO.

MOE, m[=o], _n._ (_Shak._) a wry mouth, grimace.--_v.i._ to make grimaces.--Better MOW (_q.v._).

MOELLON, m[=o]'el-lon, _n._ rubble-stone with mortar, used as a filling in mason-work. [Fr.,--_moelle_, marrow--L. _medulla_, marrow--_medius_, middle.]

MOEROLOGY, m[=e]-rol'o-ji, _n._ the practice of professional mourning. [Gr. _moira_, fate, _legein_, to speak.]

MOESO-GOTHIC, m[=e]-s[=o]-goth'ik, _adj._ relating to the Goths who settled in _Moesia_, or to their language.

MOFETTE, m[=o]-fet', _n._ a noxious gas escaping from the earth. [L. _mephitis_.]

MOFF, mof, _n._ a thin silk fabric.

MOFFLE, mof'l, _v.i._ (_prov._) to do anything clumsily.

MOFUSSIL, m[=o]-fus'il, _n._ the country districts and stations in India, as distinguished from the towns and official residencies: rural: provincial. [Hind. _mufassal_, the country--Ar. _fasala_, separate.]

MOG, mog, _v.i._ (_prov._) to move away.

MOGUL, m[=o]-gul', _n._ a Mongol or Mongolian, esp. one of the followers of Baber, the conqueror of India (1483-1530): a name applied to the best quality of playing-cards.--_adj._ pertaining to the Mogul Empire, architecture, &c.--_adj._, the title by which Europeans knew the Emperors of Delhi. [Pers., properly 'a _Mongol_.']

MOHAIR, m[=o]'h[=a]r, _n._ the fine silken hair of the Angora goat of Asia Minor: cloth made of mohair. [O. Fr. _mouaire_ (Fr. _moire_)--Ar. _mukhayyar_.]

MOHAMMEDAN, mo-ham'ed-an, _adj._ pertaining to Mohammed or to his religion.--_n._ a follower of Mohammed: one who professes Mohammedanism--also MAHOM'ETAN, MAHOM'EDAN.--_v.t._ MOHAMM'EDANISE, to convert to, or made conformable to, MOHAMMEDANISM.--_ns._ MOHAMM'EDANISM, MOHAMM'EDISM, the religion of Mohammed, contained in the Koran. [_Mohammed_, the great prophet of Arabia (570-632); lit. 'praised.']

MOHARRAM, mo-har'am, _n._ the first month of the Mohammedan year: the great fast held during the first ten days of this month.--Also MUHARR'AM.

MOHAWK, m[=o]'hawk, _n._ the name of a tribe of North American Indians of the Huron-Iroquois family--hence one of a set of London street-ruffians about the beginning of the 18th century.--Also M[=O]'HOCK.

MOHICAN, m[=o]-h[=e]'kan, _adj._ and _n._ relating to the _Mohicans_, a tribe of North American Indians of the Algonkin stock.

MOHR, m[=o]r, _n._ a small African gazelle.

MOHUR, m[=o]'hur, _n._ in British India, a gold coin=from twelve to fifteen rupees, or 30s. [Pers.]

MOIDER, moi'd[.e]r, _v.t._ to confuse: to spend.--_v.i._ to work hard.

MOIDORE, moi'd[=o]r, _n._ a disused gold coin of Portugal worth 27s. [Port. _moeda d'ouro_--L. _moneta de auro_, money of gold.]

MOIETY, moi'e-ti, _n._ half: one of two equal parts: a small share. [Fr.,--L.,--_medius_, middle.]

MOIL, moil, _v.t._ to daub with dirt.--_v.i._ to toil or labour: to drudge.--_n._ a spot: a defilement. [O. Fr. _moiler_ (Fr. _mouiller_), to wet--L. _mollis_, soft.]

MOINEAU, moi'n[=o], _n._ a small flat bastion to protect a fortification while being erected. [Fr.]

MOIRÆ, moi'r[=e], _n.pl._ the Fates, the Parcæ of the Romans--Clotho, the spinner of the thread of human life; Lach[)e]sis, who assigns to man his fate; and Atr[)o]pos, or the fate that cannot be avoided.

MOIRE, mwor, _n._ watered silk: a watered appearance on metals or textile fabrics.--MOIRE ANTIQUE, silk watered so as to resemble the stuffs worn in ancient times. [Fr.; see MOHAIR.]

MOIST, moist, _adj._ damp: humid: juicy: containing water or other liquid.--_vs.t._ MOIST'EN, MOIST (_obs._), to make moist: to wet slightly; MOIST'IFY, to make moist.--_ns._ MOIST'NESS; MOIST'URE, moistness: that which makes slightly wet: a small quantity of any liquid. [O. Fr. _moiste_ (Fr. _moite_)--L. _musteus_,--_mustum_, juice of grapes, new wine.]

MOKE, m[=o]k, _n._ (_slang_) a donkey: a stupid fellow: a variety performer on several instruments: a negro.

MOLAR, m[=o]'lar, _adj._ grinding, as a mill: used for grinding.--_n._ a grinding tooth: a back tooth. [L. _molaris_--_mola_, a mill--_mol[)e]re_, to grind.]

MOLAR, m[=o]'lar, _adj._ of or pertaining to a mass: acting on or by means of whole masses. [L. _moles_, a mass.]

MOLASSES, mo-las'ez, _n.sing._ a kind of syrup that drains from sugar during the process of manufacture: treacle. [Port. _melaço_ (Fr. _mélasse_)--L. _mell-aceus_, honey-like--_mel_, _mellis_, honey.]

MOLD. See MOULD.

MOLE, m[=o]l, _n._ a permanent dark-brown mark on the human skin, often hairy--a pigmentary _Nævus_ (q.v.). [A.S. _mál_; Ger. _maal_, L. _mac-ula_.]

MOLE, m[=o]l, _n._ a small animal, with very small eyes and soft fur, which burrows in the ground and casts up little heaps of mould.--_v.t._ to burrow or form holes in.--_ns._ MOLE'CAST; MOLE'-CATCH'ER, one whose business it is to catch moles; MOLE'-CRICK'ET, a burrowing insect like a cricket, with forelegs like those of a mole.--_adj._ MOLE'-EYED, having eyes like those of a mole: seeing imperfectly.--_ns._ MOLE'HILL, a little hill or heap of earth cast up by a mole; MOLE'RAT, a rat-like animal, which burrows like a mole; MOLE'SKIN, the skin of a mole: a superior kind of fustian, double-twilled, cropped before dyeing; MOLE'-SPADE, a small spade used by mole-catchers; MOLE'-TRACK, the track made by a mole burrowing.--MAKE A MOUNTAIN OF A MOLEHILL, to magnify a trifling matter. [For _mold-warp_--A.S. _molde_, _mould_, _weorpan_, to warp.]

MOLE, m[=o]l, _n._ a breakwater: any massive building: an ancient Roman mausoleum. [Fr.,--L. _moles_.]

MOLECULE, mol'e-k[=u]l, _n._ one of the minute particles of which matter is composed: the smallest mass of any substance which retains the properties of that substance.--_adj._ MOLEC'ULAR, belonging to, or consisting of, molecules.--_n._ MOLECULAR'ITY.--MOLECULAR ATTRACTION, attraction acting on the atoms or molecules of a body, as distinguished from attraction of gravitation. [Fr.,--L. _moles_, a mass.]

MOLENDINACEOUS, m[=o]-len-di-n[=a]'shi-us, _adj._ like a windmill.--_adj._ MOLEN'DINARY, relating to a mill. [Low L. _molendinum_, a mill--L. _mol[)e]re_, to grind.]

MOLEST, m[=o]-lest', _v.t._ to trouble.--_ns._ MOLEST[=A]'TION, state of being molested: annoyance; MOLEST'ER.--_adj._ MOLEST'FUL. [Fr. _molester_--L. _molest[=a]re_--_molestus_--moles, mass, difficulty.]

MOLIMEN, m[=o]-l[=i]'men, _n._ great effort, esp. of any periodic effort to discharge a natural function.--_adj._ MOLIM'INOUS. [L.,--_mol[=i]ri_, to toil--_moles_.]

MOLINE, m[=o]'lin, _n._ and _adj._ the crossed iron in the upper millstone for receiving the spindle in the lower stone, a millstone rynd: (_her._) a moline cross. [L. _mola_, a mill.]

MOLINISM, m[=o]'li-nizm, _n._ the doctrine of the Spanish Jesuit Luis _Molina_ (1535-1600), that predestination is consequent on God's fore-knowledge of the free determination of man's will, that God gives to all men sufficient grace whereby to live virtuously and merit happiness, its efficaciousness depending on the voluntary co-operation of the will with it.--_n._ M[=O]'LINIST, one who holds the foregoing views.

MOLINIST, m[=o]'li-nist, _n._ a Quietist, or follower of Miguel de _Molinos_ (1640-97). [See QUIETISM.]

MOLL, mol, _n._ a familiar form of Mary: a concubine.

MOLLAH, MOLLA, mol'a, _n._ a Mohammedan title of respect for a learned or religious person: a judge of Moslem law. [Turk. and Pers., from Ar. _maul[=a]_.]

MOLLIE, mol'i, _n._ a meeting and carousal on board one ship of the sailors belonging to several whaling-ships ice-bound in company--an abbreviation of _Mallemaroking_, [_Mallemuck_, the fulmar petrel.]

MOLLIFY, mol'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to make soft or tender: to assuage: to calm or pacify:--_pa.p._ moll'ified.--_adjs._ MOLL'IENT, serving to soften: assuaging; MOLL'IFIABLE.--_ns._ MOLLIFIC[=A]'TION, act of mollifying: state of being mollified: mitigation; MOLL'IFIER; MOLL'INE, a base for ointments used in skin diseases, a soft soap mixed with excess of fat and glycerine.--_adj._ MOLLIP[=I]'LOSE, having soft plumage.--_n._ MOLLIPILOS'ITY, fleecines, fluffiness.--_adj._ MOLLIT'IOUS, luxurious.--_n._ MOLL'ITUDE. [Fr.,--L. _mollific[=a]re_--_mollis_, soft, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

MOLLUSC, MOLLUSK, mol'usk, _n._ one of the _Mollusca_, a large division of invertebrate animals--bivalves or Lamellibranchs, snails or Gasteropods, and cuttlefish or Cephalopods:--_pl._ MOLL'USCS, MOLL'USKS, or MOLLUS'CA.--_n._ MOLLUS'CAN, a mollusc.--_adjs._ MOLLUS'CAN, MOLLUS'COID, MOLLUS'COUS. [Fr.,--L. _molluscus_, softish--_mollis_, soft.]

MOLLY, mol'i, _n._ dim. of Mary: the wagtail bird.--_n._ MOLL'YCODDLE, an effeminate fellow.--MOLLY MAGUIRE, one of the Ribbonmen of Ireland (1843), who perpetrated outrages by night in women's dress: one of a secret society which terrorised the coal regions of Pennsylvania (1867-77).

MOLOCH, m[=o]'lok, _n._ a Phoenician god to which human sacrifices were offered: an exceedingly spiny Australian lizard--also M[=O]'LECH.--_v.t._ M[=O]'LOCHISE, to sacrifice as to Moloch.

MOLOSSUS, mo-los'us, _n._ a metrical foot of three long syllables:--_pl._ MOLOSS'[=I]. [L.--Gr.]

MOLTEN, m[=o]lt'n, _adj._ melted: made of melted metal.--_adv._ MOLT'ENLY. [Old pa.p. of _melt_.]

MOLTO, mol'to, _adv._ (_mus._) very, much. [It.]

MOLY, m[=o]'li, _n._ (_Milt._) a magic herb given by Hermes to Odysseus as a counter-charm against the spells of Circe.

MOLYBDENUM, mol-ib-d[=e]'num, _n._ a rare metal of a silvery-white colour--also MOLYBD[=E]'NA.--_ns._ MOLYB'DATE, a compound of molybdic acid with a base; MOLYBD[=E]'NITE, sulphide of molybdenum.--_adjs._ MOLYBD[=E]'NOUS, MOLYB'DIC.--_n._ MOLYBD[=O]'SIS, lead-poisoning. [L.,--Gr.,--_molybdos_, lead.]

MOME, m[=o]m, _n._ (_obs._) a buffoon: a stupid person. [O. Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _M[=o]mos_, god of mirth.]

MOMENT, m[=o]'ment, _n._ moving cause or force: importance in effect: value, consequence: the smallest portion of time in which a movement can be made: an instant: the precise point of time, the right opportunity: (_math._) an increment or decrement, an infinitesimal change in a varying quantity: (_mech._) the moment of a force about a point is the product of the force and the perpendicular on its line of action from the point.--_adj._ M[=O]'MENTANY (_Shak._), momentary.--_adv._ M[=O]'MENTARILY.--_n._ M[=O]'MENTARINESS.--_adj._ M[=O]'MENTARY, lasting for a moment: done in a moment: short-lived.--_adv._ M[=O]'MENTLY, for a moment: in a moment: every moment.--_adj._ M[=O]MENT'OUS, of importance: of great consequence.--_adv._ MOMENT'OUSLY.--_ns._ MOMENT'OUSNESS; MOMENT'UM, the quantity of motion in a body, measured by the product of the mass and the velocity of the moving body:--_pl._ MOMENT'A. [Fr.,--L. _momentum_, for _movimentum_--_mov[=e]re_, to move.]

MOMUS, m[=o]'mus, _n._ the god of raillery, &c.--SON, or DISCIPLE, OF MOMUS, a wag. [See MOME.]

MONACHISM, mon'ak-izm, _n._ monastic life: state of religious seclusion under vows.--_adj._ MON'ACHAL, living alone: pertaining to monks or nuns, or to a monastic life.--_n._ MON'ACHUS, the monk-seal genus. [Fr.,--L. _monachus_, a monk.]

MONAD, mon'ad, _n._ an ultimate atom or simple unextended point: a simple, primary element, assumed by Leibnitz and other philosophers: (_zool._) one of the simplest of animalcules.--_adj._ of or pertaining to monads.--_adjs._ MONAC'ID, capable of saturating a single molecule of a monobasic acid; MONAC'TINAL, single-rayed.--_n._ MON'ADELPH, a plant whose stamens are united by their filaments into one set, generally into a tube or ring.--_adjs._ MONADEL'PHIAN, MONADEL'PHOUS (_bot._), having the stamens united into one body by the filaments; MONAD'IC, -AL, relating to monads: single; MONAD'IFORM, like a monad.--_ns._ MON'ADISM, MONADOL'OGY, the theory of monads.--_adj._ MONAN'THOUS (_bot._), producing but one flower.--_n._ MON'AS, a monad: a monadiform infusorian.--_adj._ MONASCID'IAN, simple, not compound or composite--also _n._--_adj._ MONATOM'IC, consisting of a single atom, as a molecule: (_chem._) having a valence of one, as hydrogen. [L. _monas_, _-adis_--Gr. _monas_, _-ados_, a unit--_monos_, alone.]

MONANDRIA, mon-an'dri-a. _n._ the first class in Linnæus's system of plants, including all genera having only one stamen.--_n._ MONAN'DER.--_adjs._ MONAN'DRIAN, MONAN'DROUS (_bot._), having only one stamen. [Gr. _monos_, single, _an[=e]r_, _andros_, a male.]

MONANDRY, m[=o]-nan'dri, _n._ the practice of having only one husband.

MONARCH, mon'ark, _n._ a sole or supreme ruler: sovereign: the chief of its kind.--_adj._ supreme: superior to others.--_adjs._ MONARCH'AL, pertaining to a monarch: regal; MONARCH'IAL, MONARCH'IC, -AL, relating to a monarch or to monarchy: vested in a single ruler.--_ns._ MONARCH'IAN, a Christian who denied the personal independent subsistence of Christ--_dynamic_, when regarding the divinity of Christ as only a power (_dynamis_) communicated to Him; _modalistic_, when regarding Christ as God Himself incarnate, the Father who had assumed flesh, a mere _modus_ of the Godhead; MONARCH'IANISM, the doctrine of the _Monarchians_, in opposition to _Subordinationalism_.--_adj._ MONARCHIANIS'TIC.--_v.t._ MON'ARCHISE, to rule over, as a monarch: to convert into a monarchy.--_ns._ MON'ARCHISM, the principles of monarchy: love of monarchy; MON'ARCHIST, an advocate of monarchy: a believer in monarchy; MONARCH'O (_Shak._), a fantastic Englishman who assumed Italian airs, any fantastic person; MON'ARCHY, a state or a people ruled over by one person: a kind of government of which the chief power is in the hands of a monarch: the territory of a monarch. [Fr. _monarque_, through L., from Gr. _monarch[=e]s_--_monos_, alone, _archein_, to rule.]

MONASTERY, mon'as-t[.e]r-i, _n._ a house for monks: an abbey: a convent.--_adjs._ MONAST[=E]'RIAL, MONAS'TIC, -AL, pertaining to monasteries, monks, and nuns: recluse: solitary.--_n._ MONAS'TIC, a monk.--_adv._ MONAS'TICALLY.--_ns._ MONAS'TICISM, the corporate monastic life or system of living; MONAS'TICON, a book about monasteries and monks.--MONASTIC VOWS, the vows which a person takes when entering a monastery--of _poverty_, _chastity_, _obedience_. [L. _monasterium_--Gr. _monast[=e]rion_--_monast[=e]s_, a monk--_monos_, alone.]

MONDAY, mun'd[=a], _n._ the second day of the week.--_adj._ MON'DAYISH, fagged--of preachers, after their Sunday exercitations.--BLACK MONDAY, Easter Monday, the 14th of April 1360: any Easter Monday; HANDSEL MONDAY, the first Monday of the year, when presents are given. [A.S. _mónandæg_, _mónan_, gen. of _móna_, moon, _dæg_, day.]

MONDAYNE, mun'd[=a]n, _adj._ an old form of _mundane_.

MONDE, mond, _n._ the world (of fashion).--BEAU MONDE, DEMI-MONDE (see BEAU and DEMI). [Fr.]

MONERA, m[=o]-n[=e]'ra, _n.pl._ a class of Protozoans of the simplest characters.--_ns.sing._ M[=O]'NER, MON[=E]'RON.--_adjs._ MON[=E]'RAL, MON[=E]'RAN.

MONERGISM, mon'[.e]r-jizm, _n._ (_theol._) the doctrine that regeneration is entirely the work of the Holy Spirit, the natural will being incapable of co-operation. [Gr. _monos_, alone, _ergon_, work.]

MONETARY, mun'e-tar-i, _adj._ relating to money or moneyed affairs: consisting of money.--_n._ MONETIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ MON'ETISE, to give the character of money to, to coin as money.--MONETARY UNIT, the unit of currency--the pound sterling.

MONEY, mun'i, _n._ coin: pieces of stamped metal used in commerce: any currency used as the equivalent of money: wealth:--_pl._ MON'EYS.--_ns._ MON'EY-BILL, a bill introduced into parliament or congress for raising revenue or otherwise dealing with money; MON'EY-BROK'ER, MON'EY-CHANG'ER, MON'EY-SCRIV'ENER, a broker who deals in money or exchanges.--_adj._ MON'EYED, having money: rich in money: consisting in money.--_ns._ MON'EYER, MON'IER, one who coins money: a master of a mint.--_adj._ MON'EYLESS, having no money.--_ns._ MON'EY-MAK'ER, a coiner of counterfeit money; MON'EY-MAK'ING, act of gaining wealth.--_adj._ lucrative, profitable.--_ns._ MON'EY-MAR'KET, the market or field for the investment of money; MON'EY-OR'DER, an order for money deposited at one post-office, and payable at another; MON'EY-SP[=I]'DER, or -SPIN'NER, a small spider of family _Attidæ_, supposed to bring luck; MON'EY'S-WORTH, something as good as money: full value; MON'EY-TAK'ER, one who receives payments of money, esp. at an entrance-door.--HARD MONEY, coin; POT OF MONEY, a large amount of money; READY MONEY, money paid for a thing at the time at which it is bought: money ready for immediate payment. [O. Fr. _moneie_ (Fr. _monnaie_)--L. _moneta_, a mint, _Moneta_ being a surname of Juno, in whose temple at Rome money was coined.]

MONGER, mung'g[.e]r, _n._ a trader: a dealer, chiefly in composition, sometimes depreciatory.--_v.t._ to trade in. [A.S. _mangere_--_mang_, a mixture.]

MONGOL, mong'gol, _n._ and _adj._ one of an Asiatic people belonging to the Ural-Altaic branch of the human family, mainly inhabiting _Mongolia_.--_adjs._ MONG[=O]'LIAN, MONGOL'IC.

MONGOOSE, mong'g[=oo]s, _n._ a common ichneumon of India, often domesticated to destroy snakes.--Also Mung'oose. [Marathi _mangus_.]

MONGREL, mung'grel, _adj._ of a mixed breed, impure.--_n._ an animal, esp. a dog, of a mixed breed.--_v.t._ MONG'RELISE.--_n._ MONG'RELISM. [A double dim. from A.S. _mang_, mixture.]

MONIED, mun'id, _adj._ moneyed.

MONILIFORM, m[=o]-nil'i-form, _adj._ like a string of beads. [L. _monile_, a necklace, _forma_, form.]

MONIMENT, mon'i-ment, _n._ (_Spens._) a monument, memorial: superscription, image. [L. _monimentum_, _monumentum_, monument.]

MONIPLIES, mon'i-pl[=i]z. See MANIPLIES.

MONISM, mon'izm, _n._ a philosophical theory that all being may ultimately be referred to one category; thus _Idealism_, _Pantheism_, _Materialism_ are monisms--as opposed to the Dualism of matter and spirit.--_n._ MON'IST.--_adjs._ MON'ISTIC, -AL. [Gr. _monos_, alone, and _-ism_.]

MONITION, mon-ish'un, _n._ a reminding or admonishing: warning: notice: (_law_) a summons to appear and answer.--_adj._ MON'ITIVE, conveying admonition.--_n._ MON'ITOR, one who admonishes: an adviser: an instructor: a senior pupil who assists a schoolmaster: an ironclad steamship armed with heavy guns in revolving turrets: a raised part of a roof, with openings for light and ventilation: a kind of lizard:--_fem._ MON'ITRESS, MON'ITRIX.--_adj._ MONIT[=O]'RIAL, relating to a monitor: performed or taught by a monitor.--_adv._ MONIT[=O]'RIALLY.--_n._ MON'ITORSHIP.--_adj._ MON'ITORY, giving admonition or warning. [L.,--_mon[=e]re_, _-itum_, to remind.]

MONK, mungk, _n._ formerly, one who retired alone to the desert to lead a religious life: one of a religious community living in a monastery: an inky blotch in print: a fuse for firing mines.--_ns._ MONK'ERY, the life of monks: monasticism; MONK'-FISH, the angel-fish; MONK'HOOD, the state or character of a monk.--_adj._ MONK'ISH, pertaining to a monk: like a monk: monastic.--_ns._ MONK'S'-HOOD, the aconite, a poisonous plant with a flower like a monk's hood; MONK'S'-SEAM (_naut._), a strong seam formed by laying the selvage-edges of two pieces of canvas over each other and stitching on each side and down the middle--also _Middle-stitching_. [A.S. _munec_--L. _monachus_--Gr. _monachos_--_monos_, alone.]

MONKEY, mungk'i, _n._ a quadrumanous mammal of the order Primates--the term is loose, and may be conveniently restricted only to all the Primates exclusive of the Anthropoid Apes, thus including the _Platyrrhini_, or New-World monkeys, and the _Catarrhiini_, or Old-World monkeys: an ape: a name of contempt, esp. for a mischievous person, also of playful endearment: a heavy weight for driving piles: a large hammer for driving bolts: in betting slang, a sum of 500 pounds, or dollars in U.S.: a fluid consisting of chlor-hydric acid and zinc--generally called _spirits of salt_--used in the process of soldering:--_pl._ MONK'EYS.--_v.i._ to meddle with anything.--_v.t._ to imitate as a monkey does.--_ns._ MONK'EY-BAG, a small money-bag, hung round the sailor's neck; MONK'EY-BLOCK, a small swivel-block used in guiding running rigging; MONK'EY-BOARD, the omnibus conductor's foot-board; MONK'EY-BOAT, a narrow, half-decked river-boat; MONK'EY-BREAD, the baobab-tree or its fruit; MONK'EY-EN'GINE, a kind of pile-driver having a ram or monkey working in a wooden frame; MONK'EY-FLOW'ER, a flower of the _mimulus_ kind; MONK'EY-GAFF, a small gaff above the spanker-gaff for the flag; MONK'EY-GRASS, a coarse fibre yielded by the leaf-stalks of _Attalea funifera_, used for brooms, street sweeping-machine brushes, &c.; MONK'EY-HAMM'ER, a drop-press with a ram, which is raised and let drop freely; MONK'EYISM, the qualities of the monkey; MONK'EY-JACK'ET, a close-fitting jacket, generally made of some stout, coarse material; MONK'EY-POT, the seed-vessel of several species of _Lecythis_, having a round lid; MONK'EY-PUMP, a straw let through a gimlet-hole into a cask for the purpose of sucking the liquor; MONK'EY-PUZZ'LE, the Chili pine, _Araucaria imbricata_; MONK'EY-RAIL, a light rail above the quarter-rail; MONK'EY-SHINE (_U.S._), a piece of tomfoolery; MONK'EY-TAIL, a short lever for training carronades: a piece of knotted rope by which to attach a hook, to save the hand from jamming; MONK'EY-WHEEL, a tackle-block over which runs a hoisting-rope; MONK'EY-WRENCH, a screw-key having a movable jaw.--HAVE, or GET, ONE'S MONKEY UP, to be angry; SUCK THE MONKEY, to drink liquor from a cask through an inserted tube: to drink from a coco-nut, filled surreptitiously with rum, &c. [Old It. _monicchio_, dim. of Old It. _monna_, nickname for an old woman, an ape, contr. of It. _madonna_, mistress.]

MONOBASIC, mon-[=o]-b[=a]'sik, _adj._ having one base, of an acid combining with a univalent basic radical to form a neutral salt.

MONOBLASTIC, mon-[=o]-blas'tik, _adj._ pertaining to that condition of the metazoic embryo in which a single germinal layer is alone represented.

MONOBLEPSIS, mon-[=o]-blep'sis, _n._ a condition of vision more distinct when one eye only is used. [Gr. _monos_, single, _blepsis_, sight.]

MONOCARBONATE, mon-[=o]-kar'b[=o]-n[=a]t, _n._ a carbonate in which both hydrogen atoms of the acid are replaced by basic elements.

MONOCARDIAN, mon-[=o]-kär'di-an, _adj._ having a single heart, as fishes and reptiles. [Gr. _monos_, single, _kardia_, the heart.]

MONOCARPOUS, mon-[=o]-kärp'us, _adj._ bearing fruit only once, as wheat, and all annual plants.--_n._ MON'OCARP. [Gr. _monos_, single, _karpos_, fruit.]

MONOCENTRIC, mon-[=o]-sen'trik, _adj._ having a single centre only: unipolar.

MONOCEPHALOUS, mon-[=o]-sef'al-us, _adj._ having but one head or capitulum.

MONOCEROS, m[=o]-nos'[.e]r-os, _n._ a one-horned animal: the unicorn: (_Spens._) perhaps the sword-fish.--_adj._ MONOC'EROUS. [Gr. _monos_, single, _keras_, a horn.]

MONOCHLAMYDEOUS, mon-[=o]-kla-mid'[=e]-us, _adj._ (_bot._) having a single instead of a double perianth. [Gr. _monos_, single, _chlamys_, a cloak.]

MONOCHORD, mon'[=o]-kord, _n._ a musical instrument of one chord or string.

MONOCHROMATIC, mon-[=o]-kro-mat'ik, _adj._ of one colour only--also MONOCHR[=O]'IC.--_ns._ MON'OCHROME, a painting in one colour only; MON'OCHROMY, this art.

MONOCHRONIC, mon-[=o]-kron'ik, _adj._ contemporaneous.--_adj._ MONOCH'RONOUS, monosemic.

MONOCLE, mon'o-kl, _n._ a one-eyed animal: a single eyeglass.

MONOCLINAL, mon'[=o]-kl[=i]-nal, _adj._ (_geol._) dipping in one direction.

MONOCLINIC, mon'[=o]-klin-ik, _adj._ (_mineral_) crystallising in three unequal axes, two intersecting each other at an oblique angle, and at right angles to the third.--Also MON'OCL[=I]NATE. [Gr. _monos_, single, _klinein_, to incline.]

MONOCLINOUS, mon'[=o]-kl[=i]-nus, _adj._ (_bot._) hermaphrodite.

MONO-COMPOUND, mon'[=o]-kom'pownd, _n._ (_chem._) a compound containing one atom of any particular element.

MONOCOTYLEDON, mon-[=o]-kot-i-l[=e]'don, _n._ a plant with only one cotyledon.--_adj._ MONOCOTYL[=E]'DONOUS.

MONOCRACY, mon-ok'ra-si, _n._ rule or government by a single person.--_n._ MON'OCRAT. [Gr. _monos_, single, _kratos_, strength.]

MONOCULAR, mon-ok'[=u]-lar, _adj._ with one eye only: fitted only for one eye at a time.--Also MONOC'ULOUS.

MONODACTYLOUS, mon-[=o]-dak'ti-lus, _adj._ having only one toe or finger.

MONODELPHIA, mon-[=o]-del'fi-a, _n.pl._ one of the three primary divisions of mammals, the placental mammals.--_adj._ MONODEL'PHIAN.

MONODON, mon'[=o]-don, _n._ a genus of delphinoid odontocete cetaceans, containing only the narwhal.

MONODRAMA, mon'[=o]-drä-ma, _n._ a dramatic piece for a single performer.--_adj._ MONODRAMAT'IC.

MONODY, mon'[=o]-di, _n._ a mournful ode or poem in which a single mourner bewails: a song for one voice: monotonous sound.--_adjs._ MONOD'IC, -AL.--_n._ MON'ODIST, one who writes monodies.

MONOECIOUS, mon-[=e]'shus, _adj._ having the stamens and pistils in separate flowers on the same individual plant.--_n.pl._ MONOE'CIA, the 21st class of plants of Linnæus. [Gr. _monos_, single, _oikos_, a house.]

MONOGAMY, mon-og'a-mi, _n._ marriage to one wife only: the state of such marriage.--_adjs._ MONOGAM'IC, MONOG'AMOUS.--_n._ MONOG'AMIST. [Gr. _monos_, one, _gamos_, marriage.]

MONOGENESIS, mon-[=o]-jen'e-sis, _n._ development of the ovum from a parent like itself.--_adj._ MONOGENET'IC.--_ns._ MONOG'ENISM, the descent of the whole human family from a single pair--also MONOG'ENY; MONOG'ENIST, one who maintains this.--_adjs._ MONOGENIST'IC; MONOG'ENOUS, generating by fission, gemmation, &c.: pertaining to monogenism: (_math._) having a single differential coefficient considered as a rule of generation.

MONOGONY, m[=o]-nog'o-ni, _n._ a sexual reproduction.

MONOGRAM, mon'[=o]-gram, _n._ a figure consisting of several letters interwoven or written into one.--_adj._ MONOGRAMMAT'IC. [Gr. _monos_, alone, _gramma_, a letter.]

MONOGRAPH, mon'[=o]-graf, _n._ a treatise written on one particular subject or any branch of it.--_v.t._ to write a monograph upon.--_ns._ MONOG'RAPHER, MONOG'RAPHIST, a writer of monographs.--_adjs._ MONOGRAPH'IC, -AL, pertaining to a monograph: drawn in lines without colours.--_n._ MONOG'RAPHY, a representation by one means only, as lines: an outline drawing. [Gr. _monos_, alone, _graphein_, to write.]

MONOGYNIA, mon-[=o]-jin'i-a, _n._ an order of plants which have only one pistil or female organ.--_n._ MON'OGYN, a plant of this kind.--_adjs._ MONOGYN'IAN, MONOG'YNOUS (_bot._), having only one pistil or female organ.--_n._ MONOG'YNY, a mating with only one female. [Gr. _monos_, alone, _gyn[=e]_, a female.]

MONOHYDRIC, mon-[=o]-h[=i]'drik, _adj._ containing one atom of hydrogen.

MONOID, mon'oid, _adj._ and _n._ (_pros._) containing but one kind of foot.

MONOLATRY, m[=o]-nol'a-tri, _n._ the actual worship of but one divinity, not necessarily a disbelief in others.

MONOLITH, mon'[=o]-lith, _n._ a pillar, or column, of a single stone.--_adjs._ MONOLITH'AL, MONOLITH'IC. [Gr. _monos_, alone, _lithos_, a stone.]

MONOLOGUE, mon'[=o]-log, _n._ a speech uttered by one person: soliloquy: a poem, &c. for a single performer.--_v.i._ MONOL'OGISE, to indulge in this.--_ns._ MONOL'OGIST, one who talks in monologue; MONOL'OGY, the habit of doing so. [Fr.,--Gr. _monos_, alone, _logos_, speech.]

MONOMACHY, m[=o]-nom'a-ki, _n._ a single combat: a duel.--Also MONOM[=A]'CHIA. [Gr. _monos_, alone, _mach[=e]_, a fight.]

MONOMANIA, mon-[=o]-m[=a]'ni-a, _n._ madness confined to one subject, or to one faculty of the mind: an unreasonable interest in any particular thing.--_n._ MONOM[=A]'NIAC, one affected with monomania.--_adjs._ MONOM[=A]'NIAC, -AL, affected with monomania. [Gr. _monos_, alone, _mania_, madness.]

MONOMEROUS, m[=o]-nom'e-rus, _adj._ having the tarsi single-jointed: (_bot._) having but one member in each cycle. [Gr. _monos_, single, _meros_, part.]

MONOMETALLIC, mon-[=o]-me-tal'ik, _adj._ consisting of but one metal.--_ns._ MONOMET'ALLISM, the use of but one metal as a standard of value; MONOMET'ALLIST, one who upholds this theory.

MONOMETER, m[=o]-nom'e-t[.e]r, _adj._ and _n._ (_pros._) consisting of one measure.--_adjs._ MONOMET'RIC, -AL.

MONOMIAL, mon-[=o]'mi-al, _n._ an algebraic expression of one term only: a series of factors of single terms--also MON'OME.--_adj._ MON[=O]'MIAL. [Gr. _monos_, alone, L. _nomen_, name.]

MONOMORPHIC, mon-[=o]-mor'fik, _adj._ of the same type of structure, or morphological character.--_adj._ MONOMOR'PHOUS. [Gr. _monos_, single, _morph[=e]_, form.]

MONOMYARIAN, mon-[=o]-m[=i]-[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ having but one adductor muscle, as an oyster. [Gr. _monos_, single, _mys_, muscle.]

MONONYM, mon'[=o]-nim, _n._ a name consisting of a single term.--_adj._ MONONYM'IC.

MONOÖUSIOUS, mon-[=o]-[=oo]'si-us, _adj._ having the same substance. [Gr. _monos_, single, _ousia_, essence.]

MONOPATHY, m[=o]-nop'a-thi, _n._ (_pathol._) a disease affecting only one organ or function.--_adj._ MONOPATH'IC. [Gr. _monos_, single, _pathos_, suffering.]

MONOPETALOUS, mon-[=o]-pet'a-lus, _adj._ (_bot._) having only one petal, or denoting a corolla, the petals of which so cohere as to form a tube.

MONOPHOBIA, mon-[=o]-f[=o]'bi-a, _n._ morbid dread of being left alone. [Gr. _monos_, single, _phobia_, fear.]

MONOPHONOUS, mon-of'o-nus, _adj._ producing one sound at one time. [Gr. _monos_, single, _ph[=o]n[=e]_, voice.]

MONOPHOTE, mon'[=o]-f[=o]t, _n._ an electric arc-lamp regulator working in single series. [Gr. _monos_, single, _ph[=o]s_, _ph[=o]tos_, light.]

MONOPHTHONG, mon'of-thong, _n._ a simple vowel-sound.--_adj._ MON'OPHTHONGAL.

MONOPHYLETIC, mon-[=o]-fi-let'ik, _adj._ pertaining to a single phylum:--opp. to _Polyphyletic_.

MONOPHYLLOUS, mon-[=o]-fil'us, _adj._ having a leaf of but one piece. [Gr. _monos_, alone, _phyllon_, a leaf.]

MONOPHYODONT, mon-[=o]-f[=i]'[=o]-dont, _adj._ having only one set of teeth.--_n._ such an animal.

MONOPHYSITE, m[=o]-nof'i-s[=i]t, _n._ one who holds that Christ had but one composite nature, instead of the orthodox doctrine that He united two complete natures without confusion or mutation in one person.--_adj._ MONOPHYSIT'ICAL.--_n._ MONOPHYSIT'ISM. [Gr. _monos_, alone, _physis_, nature.]

MONOPLAST, mon'[=o]-plast, _n._ an organism consisting of a single cell. [Gr. _monos_, single, _plastos_, formed--_plassein_, to form.]

MONOPLEGIA, mon-[=o]-pl[=e]'ji-a, _n._ paralysis limited to a single part. [Gr. _monos_, single, _pl[=e]g[=e]_, stroke.]

MONOPNOA, mo-nop'n[=o]-a, _n.pl._ a class of reptiles breathing in one way only. [Gr. _monos_, single, _pnoos_, breathing--_pnein_, to breathe.]

MONOPODE, mon'[=o]-p[=o]d, _adj._ and _n._ having but one foot.--_adj._ MONOPOD'IC--_n._ MON'OPODY.

MONOPOLISE, mon-op'o-l[=i]z, _v.t._ to obtain possession of anything so as to be the only seller or sharer of it: in engross the whole of.--_ns._ MONOP'OLISER, MONOP'OLIST.--_adj._ MONOPOLIS'TIC.--_n._ MONOP'OLY, the sole power of dealing in anything: exclusive command or possession: (_law_) a grant from the crown to an individual for the sole right to deal in anything. [L. _monopolium_--Gr. _monos_, alone, _p[=o]lein_, to sell.]

MONOPTERON, m[=o]-nop'te-ron, _n._ a kind of temple or portico of columns grouped in a circle, and supporting a cupola. [Gr. _monos_, single, _pteron_, a wing.]

MONOPTOTE, mon'op-t[=o]t, _n._ a noun, &c., having but one case-form. [Gr. _monos_, alone, _pt[=o]sis_, case.]

MONORCHID, mo-nork'id, _adj._ having only one testicle.--_n._ MONORCH'ISM.

MONORGANIC, mon-or-gan'ik, _adj._ of one organ.

MONORHINE, mon'[=o]-rin, _adj._ having but one nasal passage.--Also MON'ORH[=I]NAL. [Gr. _monos_, single, _hris_, _hrinos_, the nose.]

MONORHYME, mon'[=o]-r[=i]m, _n._ a poem in which all the lines end with the same rhyme.

MONOSEMIC, mon-[=o]-s[=e]'mik, _adj._ (_pros._) consisting in, or equal to, a single semeion (mora or unit of time).

MONOSEPALOUS, mon-[=o]-sep'a-lus, _adj._ (_bot._) having the sepals all united: having a calyx of one piece.

MONOSPERMOUS, mon-[=o]-sp[.e]rm'us, _adj._ (_bot._) having one seed only.--_n._ MON'OSPERM. [Gr. _monos_, alone, _sperma_, seed.]

MONOSPOROUS, mon'[=o]-sp[=o]r-us, _adj._ of a single spore.

MONOSTICH, mon'[=o]-stik, _n._ a poem complete in one verse.--_adj._ MONOS'TICHOUS. [Gr. _monos_, alone, _stichos_, verse.]

MONOSTROPHIC, mon-[=o]-strof'ik, _adj._ having but one strophe: not varied in measure.--_n._ MONOS'TROPHE. [Gr. _monos_, alone, _stroph[=e]_, a strophe.]

MONOSTYLE, mon'[=o]-st[=i]l, _adj._ (_archit._) consisting of a single shaft. [Gr. _monos_, alone, _stylos_, a pillar.]

MONOSY, mon'[=o]-si, _n._ (_bot._) an abnormal condition in which organs usually entire or united are found disunited. [Gr. _mon[=o]sis_--_monos_, single.]

MONOSYLLABLE, mon-[=o]-sil'la-bl, _n._ a word of one syllable.--_adj._ MONOSYLLAB'IC, consisting of one syllable, or of words of one syllable.--_n._ MONOSYL'LABISM, an exclusive use of monosyllables, as in Chinese.

MONOSYMMETRIC, mon-[=o]-sim-et'rik, _adj._ having only one plane of symmetry in crystallisation.--_adj._ MONOSYMMET'RICAL (_bot._), of flowers capable of being bisected into similar halves in only one plane.

MONOTESSARON, mon-[=o]-tes'a-ron, _n._ a harmony of the four gospels.

MONOTHALAMOUS, mon-[=o]-thal'a-mus, _adj._ (_bot._) single-chambered: with but one cavity. [Gr. _monos_, single, _thalamos_, a chamber.]

MONOTHEISM, mon'[=o]-th[=e]-izm, _n._ the belief in only one God.--_n._ MON'OTHEIST, one who believes that there is but one God.--_adj._ MONOTHEIST'IC. [Gr. _monos_, alone, _theos_, God.]

MONOTHELITE, mon-oth'e-l[=i]t, _n._ one who holds that Christ had but one will and one operation or energy, as He had but one nature.--_ns._ MONOTH'ELISM, MONOTHELIT'ISM. [Gr. _monos_, alone, _thel[=e]t[=e]s_, one who wills--_thelein_, to will.]

MONOTHETIC, mon-[=o]-thet'ik, _adj._ assuming a single essential element. [Gr. _monos_, single, _thetos_, verbal adj. of _tithenai_, to put.]

MONOTINT, mon'[=o]-tint, _n._ drawing or painting in a single tint.

MONOTOCOUS, m[=o]-not'o-kus, _adj._ having one only at a birth. [Gr. _monos_, single, _tiktein_, to bear.]

MONOTONE, mon'[=o]-t[=o]n, _n._ a single, unvaried tone or sound: a succession of sounds having the same pitch: a piece of writing in one strain throughout.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to intone, chant.--_adjs._ MONOTON'IC, MONOT'ONOUS, uttered in one unvaried tone: marked by dull uniformity.--_adv._ MONOT'ONOUSLY.--_n._ MONOT'ONY, dull uniformity of tone or sound: want of modulation in speaking or reading: (_fig._) irksome sameness or want of variety. [Gr. _monos_, alone, _tonos_, a tone.]

MONOTREMATA, mon-[=o]-trem'a-ta, _n.pl._ the lowest order of Mammalia, having a single opening for the genital and digestive organs.--_adj._ MONOTREM'ATOUS--also MON'OTREME.--_n._ MON'OTREME, a member of the Monotremata. [Gr. _monos_, alone, _tr[=e]ma_, a hole.]

MONOTYPE, mon'[=o]-t[=i]p, _n._ and _adj._ having only one type or representative: a print transferred from a painting on a metal plate.--_adj._ MONOTYP'IC.

MONOXIDE, mo-nok's[=i]d, _n._ an oxide containing a single oxygen atom in combination with two univalent atoms or one bivalent atom.

MONOXYLON, mon-oks'i-lon, _n._ a canoe made from one log.--_adj._ MONOX'YLOUS, formed of a single piece of wood. [Gr. _monos_, single, _xylon_, wood.]

MONROEISM, mon-r[=o]'izm, _n._ more generally MONROE DOCTRINE, the principle of the non-intervention of Europe in matters relating to the American continent--from President _Monroe's_ Message in Dec. 1823.

MONSEIGNEUR, mon-s[=a]-nyer', _n._ my lord: a title in France given to a person of high birth or rank, esp. to bishops, &c. (written _Mgr._):--_pl._ MESSEIGNEURS (me-s[=a]-nyer'). The corresponding Italian title is MONSIGNOR (mon-s[=e]'nyor), conferred on prelates and on the dignitaries of the papal household--also MONSI'GNORE. [Fr., from L. _meus_, my, _senior_, older.]

MONSIEUR, m[)o]-sye', _n._ sir: a title of courtesy in France=_Mr_ in English (written _M._ or _Mons._): the eldest brother of the king of France: a Frenchman generally--usually _mounseer_: a French gentleman:--_pl._ MESSIEURS (me-sye').--MONSIEUR DE PARIS, the public executioner. [Fr.,--L. _meus_, my, _senior_.]

MONSOON, mon-s[=oo]n', _n._ a periodical wind of the Indian Ocean, which blows from the S.W. from April to October, and from the N.E. the rest of the year: similar winds elsewhere, returning periodically with the seasons.--_adj._ MONSOON'AL [It. _monsone_--Malay _m[=u]sim_--Ar. _mawsim_, a time, a season.]

MONSTER, mon'st[.e]r, _n._ anything out of the usual course of nature: a prodigy, or fabulous animal: anything unusually large: anything horrible from ugliness or wickedness.--_adj._ unusually large, huge.--_n._ MONSTROS'ITY, an unnatural production.--_adj._ MON'STROUS, out of the common course of nature: enormous: wonderful: horrible.--_adv._ MON'STROUSLY.--_n._ MON'STROUSNESS, state or quality of being monstrous.--GILA MONSTER, a large poisonous lizard of Arizona, &c., having tubercular scales. [Fr.,--L. _monstrum_, an omen, a monster--_mon[=e]re_, to warn.]

MONSTRANCE, mon'strans, _n._ the utensil employed in R.C. churches for presenting the consecrated host for the adoration of the people, consisting of a stand and a repository or case with small semicircular holder (_lunula_).--Also _Ostensory_. [Fr.,--L. _monstr[=a]re_, to show, _monstrum_, an omen.]

MONTAGNARD, mong-ta-nyar', _n._ one of the 'Mountain' or the extreme democratic wing of the French Legislative Assembly (1st Oct. 1791-21st Sept. 1792), so called because sitting on the topmost benches.

MONTANIC, mon-tan'ik, _adj._ pertaining to mountains: consisting in mountains. [L. _montanus_--_mons_, _montis_, a mountain.]

MONTANISM, mon'tan-izm, _n._ a heresy which grew up in the Christian Church in the second half of the 2d century, founded by the prophet and 'Paraclete,' _Montanus_ of Phrygia--an ascetic reaction in favour of the old discipline and severity.--_n._ MON'TANIST, a supporter of Montanism.--_adj._ MONTANIST'IC.

MONTANT, mont'ant, _adj._ rising: (_her._) increasing.--_n._ an upright rail or stile, as in a door, &c.: (_Shak._) a contraction of _montanto_, a term in fencing, apparently for an upward blow: a two-handed sword. [Fr.,--_monter_, to mount--L. _mons_, _montis_, a mountain.]

MONT-DE-PIÉTÉ, mong'-de-p[=e]-[=a]-t[=a]', the Italian MONTE DI PIETÀ, _n._ a pawnbroking shop set up by public authority. [Fr. and It., 'fund, bank, of piety.']

MONTE, mon'te, _n._ a shrubby tract, a forest: a Spanish-American gambling game, played with a pack of forty cards.--THREE-CARD MONTE, a Mexican gambling game, played with three cards, one usually a court-card. [Sp., 'a hill'--L. _mons_, _montis_, a mountain.]

MONTEITH, mon-t[=e]th', _n._ a large 18th-century punch-bowl, usually of silver, fluted and scalloped: a cotton handkerchief with white spots on a coloured ground.

MONTEM, mon'tem, _n._ a former custom of Eton boys to go every third Whit-Tuesday to a hillock on the Bath road and exact 'salt-money' from passers-by, for the university expenses of the senior scholar or school captain.

MONTONEGRINE, mon-te-neg'rin, _adj._ and _n._ relating to _Montenegro_, or a native thereof: a close-fitting outer garment for women, braided and embroidered.

MONTEPULCIANO, mon-te-pul-chä'n[=o], _n._ a fine wine produced around _Montepulciano_, in central Italy.

MONTERO, mon-t[=a]'ro, _n._ a huntsman: a horseman's cap. [Sp. _montero_, a huntsman--_monte_--L. _mons_, _montis_, a mountain.]

MONTGOLFIER, mont-gol'fi-[.e]r, _n._ a balloon made by the brothers _Montgolfier_, Joseph Michel (1740-1810) and Jacques Etienne (1745-99), of Annonay, in 1783.

MONTH, munth, _n._ the period from new moon to new moon--a _lunation_, _lunar_, or _synodic_ month (=29.5306 days): one of the twelve divisions of the year--a _calendar_ month: one-twelfth part of a tropical year, the time the sun takes to pass through 30°--a _solar_ month=30.4368 days.--_n._ MONTH'LING, that which is a month old or which lasts a month.--_adj._ MONTH'LY, performed in a month: happening or published once a month.--_n._ a monthly publication: (_pl._) the menses.--_adv._ once a month: in every month.--MONTH OF SUNDAYS, a period that seems very long; MONTH'S MIND (see MIND).--SIDEREAL, OR STELLAR, MONTH, the time in which the moon passes round the ecliptic to the same star=27.3217 days; TROPICAL, or PERIODIC, MONTH, from the moon's passing the equinox till she again reaches it=27.3216 days. [A.S. _mónð_--_móna_, the moon.]

MONTICULUS, mon-tik'[=u]-lus, _n._ a little elevation--also MON'TICLE and MON'TICULE.--_adjs._ MONTIC'ULATE, MONTIC'ULOUS, having small projections.

MONTOIR, mon-twar', _n._ a stone or block used in mounting a horse. [Fr., _monter_, to mount.]

MONTON, mon'ton, _n._ a Mexican unit of weight for ore, varying from 1800 to 3200 Spanish pounds.

MONTRE, mon't[.e]r, _n._ a flue-stop the pipes of which show from without, usually the open diapason of the great organ: an opening in a kiln wall.

MONTURE, mon't[=u]r, _n._ a mounting, setting, frame. [Fr.]

MONUMENT, mon'[=u]-ment, _n._ anything that preserves the memory of a person or an event, a building, pillar, tomb, &c.: a record or enduring example of anything: any distinctive mark.--_v.t._ to raise a monument in memory of.--_adj._ MONUMENT'AL, of or relating to a monument or tomb: memorial: impressive: amazing.--_adv._ MONUMENT'ALLY. [Fr.,--L. _monumentum_--_mon[=e]re_, to remind.]

MOO, m[=oo], _v.i._ to low like a cow. [Imit.]

MOOD, m[=oo]d, _n._ fashion, manner: (_gram._) a. form of the verb to express the mode or manner of an action or of a state of being: (_logic_) the form of the syllogism as determined by the quantity and quality of its three constituent propositions: (_mus._) the arrangement of the intervals in the scale, as major and minor (see MODE). [_Mode._]

MOOD, m[=oo]d, _n._ disposition of mind: temporary state of the mind: anger, heat of temper.--_adv._ MOOD'ILY.--_n._ MOOD'INESS, gloominess, peevishness.--_adjs._ MOOD'Y, indulging in moods: out of humour: angry: sad: gloomy; MOOD'Y-MAD (_Shak._), mad with anger. [A.S. _mód_, mind; cf. Ger. _muth_, courage.]

MOOKTAR, m[=oo]k'tar, _n._ a native lawyer in India. [Ar. _mukht[=a]r_, chosen.]

MOOL. A Scotch form of _mould_.

MOOLA(H). See MOLLA(H).

MOON, m[=oo]n, _n._ the secondary planet or satellite which revolves round the earth monthly, shining with reflected light: a satellite revolving about any other planet; a month: anything in the shape of a moon or crescent: (_fort._) a crescent-shaped outwork.--_v.t._ to adorn with moons or crescents.--_v.i._ to wander about or gaze vacantly at anything.--_n._ MOON'BEAM, a beam of light from the moon.--_adj._ MOON'-BLIND, dim-sighted, purblind.--_ns._ MOON'CALF, a monster, a deformed creature: a dolt.--_n.pl._ MOON'-CULMIN[=A]'TIONS, times of culmination of the limb of the moon with certain neighbouring stars, formerly used in determining longitude.--_adj._ MOONED, of or like the moon: having the figure of the moon marked upon it.--_ns._ MOON'ER, one who moons about; MOON'EYE, a disease affecting horses' eyes: a name of several American fishes; MOON'FACE, a full, round face--a point of beauty in the East.--_adj._ MOON'FACED.--_ns._ MOON'-FISH, a name applied to various fishes; MOON'-FLOWER, the ox-eye daisy; MOON'-GLADE, the track of moonlight on water.--_adj._ MOON'ISH, like the moon: variable: inconstant.--_n._ MOON'-KNIFE, a crescent-shaped knife used by leather-workers in shaving off the fleshy parts of skins.--_adj._ MOON'LESS, destitute of moonlight.--_n._ MOON'LIGHT, the light of the moon--sunlight reflected from the moon's surface.--_adj._ lighted by the moon: occurring during moonlight.--_ns._ MOON'LIGHTER, one of a band of cowardly ruffians in Ireland who committed agrarian outrages by night about 1880: a moonshiner; MOON'LIGHTING.--_adjs._ MOON'LIT, lit or illumined by the moon; MOON'-LOVED, loved by the moon.--_ns._ MOON'-MAD'NESS, lunacy, supposed to be caused by sleeping in full moonlight; MOON'-RAK'ER, a silly person; MOON'-RAK'ING, the following of crazy fancies; MOON'-SAIL, a small sail, sometimes carried above the sky-scraper; MOON'-SET, the setting of the moon; MOON'SHINE, the shining of the moon: (_fig._) show without reality: poached eggs with sauce: a month: (_U.S._) smuggled spirits; MOON'SHINER, a smuggler or illicit distiller of spirits.--_adj._ MOON'SHINY, lighted by the moon: visionary, unreal.--_n._ MOON'-STONE, a variety of feldspar presenting a pearly reflection from within.--_adj._ MOON'STRUCK, affected by the moon, lunatic, crazed.--_n._ MOON'WORT, any fern of the genus _Botrychium_.--_adj._ MOON'Y, relating to, or like, the moon or a crescent, bearing a crescent: round, as a shield: like moonlight, lighted by the moon: silly: sickly: tipsy.--_n._ a noodle.--MOONLIGHT FLITTING, a removal of one's furniture, &c., during night, to prevent it being seized for rent or debt. [A.S. _móna_; cf. Ger. _mond_, L. _mensis_, Gr. _m[=e]n[=e]_.]

MOONSHEE, m[=oo]n'sh[=e], _n._ in India, a secretary, interpreter, teacher of languages. [Ar. _munshi_.]

MOOP, m[=oo]p, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to nibble, browse.

MOOR, m[=oo]r, _n._ a large tract of untilled ground, often covered with heath, and having a poor, peaty soil: a heath.--_ns._ MOOR'COCK, MOOR'FOWL, the red grouse or heathcock found in moors; MOOR'HEN, the female moor-fowl: the water-hen; MOOR'-ILL (_Scot._), a kind of disease among cattle--also _Red-water_.--_adjs._ MOOR'ISH, MOOR'Y, resembling a moor: sterile: marshy: boggy.--_n._ MOOR'LAND, a tract of moor. [A.S. _mór_; Ice. _mór_, peat.]

MOOR, m[=oo]r, _v.t._ to fasten a ship by cable and anchor: to fix firmly.--_v.i._ to be fastened by cables or chains.--_ns._ MOOR'AGE, a place for mooring; MOOR'ING, act of mooring: that which serves to moor or confine a ship: in _pl._ the place or condition of a ship thus moored. [Prob. Dut. _marren_, to tie, allied to A.S. _merran_ (in compound _ámierran_), Old High Ger. _marrjan_, to hinder.]

MOOR, m[=oo]r, _n._ a member of the dark mixed Mauretanian and Arab race inhabiting Morocco and the Barbary coast: one of the Arab and Berber conquerors and occupants of Spain from 711 to 1492--same as _Arab_ or _Saracen_: a dark-coloured person generally, a negro.--_n._ MOOR'ERY, a quarter inhabited by MOORS.--_adj._ MOOR'ISH. [Fr. _more_, _maure_--L. _maurus_--Gr. _mauros_, black.]

MOORVA, m[=oo]r'va, _n._ an East Indian silky fibre for cordage.--Also _Marool_, _Bowstring-hemp_.

MOOSE, m[=oo]s, _n._ the largest deer of America, resembling the European elk. [Algonkin _musu_.]

MOOT, m[=oo]t, _v.t._ to propose for discussion: to discuss: argue for practice.--_adj._ discussed or debated.--_n._ in early English history, the meeting of the assembled freemen, or their representatives, to regulate the affairs of the village or tun, the hundred, or the kingdom--_village-_ or _town-moot_, _hundred-moot_, folk-moot.--_adj._ MOOT'ABLE, that can be mooted or debated.--_ns._ MOOT'-CASE, MOOT'-POINT, a case, point, or question to be mooted or debated: an unsettled question; MOOT'-COURT, -HALL, a meeting or court for arguing supposed cases; MOOT'-HILL, a hill of meeting on which the moot was held. [A.S. _mótian_--_mót_, _gemót_, an assembly, akin to _métan_, to meet.]

MOP, mop, _n._ a bunch of rags, &c., fixed, on a handle for washing floors, windows, or the like: anything at all like a mop: (_prov._) a hiring-fair.--_v.t._ to rub or wipe with a mop:--_pr.p._ mop'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ mopped.--_adj._ MOP'-HEAD'ED, having a shaggy, unkempt head of hair. [O. Fr. _mappe_--L. _mappa_, a napkin.]

MOP, mop, _n._ a grimace.--_v.i._ to make such.

MOPE, m[=o]p, _v.i._ to be silent and dispirited: to be dull or stupid.--_v.t._ to make spiritless.--_n._ a listless person, a drone--also MOP'US.--_adv._ MOP'INGLY.--_adj._ MOP'ISH, dull: spiritless.--_adv._ MOP'ISHLY, in a mopish manner.--_n._ MOP'ISHNESS. [Dut. _moppen_, to pout, sulk; Ger. _muffen_.]

MOPPET, mop'et, _n._ a doll of rags: a young girl--also MOP'SY, an untidy woman.--_adj._ MOP'SICAL, short-sighted: stupid.

MOPPY, mop'i, _adj._ (_slang_) tipsy.

MOPS, mops, _n._ a pug-dog.

MOPSTICK, mop'stik, _n._ in an old pianoforte movement, a rod which raises the damper as the key is depressed.--Also MAP'STICK.

MOPUS, mop'us, _n._ (_slang_) money.

MOQUETTE, m[=o]-ket', _n._ a material for carpets, with a loose velvety pile--the back thick canvas, &c. [Fr.]

MORA, m[=o]'ra, _n._ (_law_) delay, esp. unjustifiable. [L.]

MORA, m[=o]'ra, _n._ an ancient game played from China to Peru, the aim being to guess the number of fingers held out by a player. [It.]

MORAINE, mo-r[=a]n', _n._ a continuous line of rocks and gravel along the edges of glaciers.--_adj._ MORAIN'IC. [Fr.--Ger. (Bavarian) _mur_.]

MORAL, mor'al, _adj._ of or belonging to the manners or conduct of men: conformed to right, ethical, virtuous: capable of knowing right and wrong: subject to the moral law: instructing with regard to morals: supported by evidence of reason or probability--opp. to _Demonstrative_: belonging to the mind, or to the will: (_Shak._) moralising.--_n._ in _pl._ manners: the doctrine or practice of the duties of life: moral philosophy or ethics: conduct, esp. sexual conduct: in _sing._ the practical lesson given by anything: an emblem or allegory: (_slang_) a certainty, an exact counterpart.--_v.i._ to moralise.--_ns._ MOR'ALER (_Shak._), a moraliser; MORALIS[=A]'TION, act of moralising, explanation in a moral sense.--_v.t._ MOR'ALISE, to apply to a moral purpose: to explain in a moral sense.--_v.i._ to speak or write on moral subjects: to make moral reflections.--_ns._ MOR'ALISER; MOR'ALISM, a moral maxim; moral counsel: morality as distinct from religion; MOR'ALIST, one who teaches morals, or who practises moral duties: a merely moral as distinguished from a religious man: one who prides himself on his morality.--_adj._ MORALIST'IC.--_n._ MORAL'ITY, quality of being moral: that in an action which renders it right or wrong: the practice of moral duties apart from religion: virtue: the doctrine which treats of actions as being right or wrong: ethics: a kind of drama which grew out of mysteries and miracle-plays, and continued in fashion till Elizabeth's time, in which allegorical representations of the virtues and vices were introduced as _dramatis personæ_.--_adv._ MOR'ALLY, in a moral manner: uprightly: to all intents and purposes, practically.--MORAL AGENT, one who acts under a knowledge of right and wrong; MORAL CERTAINTY, a likelihood so great as to be safely acted on, although not capable of being certainly proved; MORAL DEFEAT (see MORAL VICTORY); MORAL FACULTY (see MORAL SENSE); MORAL LAW, a law or rules for life and conduct, founded on what is right and wrong: the law of conscience; MORAL PHILOSOPHY, the science which treats of the qualities of actions as being right or wrong, and the duty of mankind with regard to such actions; MORAL SENSE, that power of the mind which knows or judges actions to be right or wrong, and determines conduct accordingly; MORAL THEOLOGY, ethics treated with reference to a divine source; MORAL VICTORY, a defeat in appearance, but in some important sense a real victory. [Fr.,--L. _moralis_--_mos_, _moris_, custom.]

MORALE, mo-räl', _n._ the state of a person's morals: mental state as regards spirit and confidence, esp. of a body of soldiers, &c. [Fr.]

MORASS, mo-ras', _n._ a tract of soft, wet ground: a marsh.--_adj._ MORASS'Y.--MORASS ORE, bog-iron ore. [Dut. _moeras_, a marsh.]

MORAT, m[=o]'rat, _n._ a drink made of honey and mulberry juice. [It. _morato_--_moro_--L. _morum_.]

MORATORIUM, mo-ra-t[=o]'ri-um, _n._ an emergency act allowing a government bank to suspend payments in specie for a given time.

MORAVIAN, mo-r[=a]'vi-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Moravia_ or the Moravians.--_n._ one of a Christian denomination entitled _Unitas Fratrum_ of _United Brethren_, a small body of Protestants of extraordinary missionary energy, founded in the 15th century.--_n._ MOR[=A]'VIANISM, the doctrines of the Moravians.

MORAY, m[=o]'r[=a], _n._ an apodal eel-like fish of the Muræna family.--Also MA'RAY, MU'RAY, MUR'RY.

MORBID, mor'bid, _adj._ diseased, sickly: not healthful.--_n._ MORBID'ITY, the quality of being morbid: disease: the ratio of sickness in a community.--_adv._ MOR'BIDLY.--_n._ MORBIDNESS, sickliness.--_adjs._ MORBIF'ERAL, MORBIF'EROUS; MORBIF'IC, causing disease.--_n._ MORBIL'L[=I], measles.--_adjs._ MORBIL'LIFORM, like measles; MORBIL'LOUS, pertaining to measles; MORBOSE', proceeding from disease: morbid: not healthy.--_n._ MOR'BUS, disease. [Fr.,--L. _morbidus_--_morbus_, disease.]

MORBIDEZZA, mor-bi-det'za, _n._ that quality of flesh-painting which gives the impression of life. [It.]

MORCEAU, mor's[=o], _n._ a small bit: a dainty morsel:--_pl._ MOR'CEAUX (-s[=o]z). [Fr.]

MORDACIOUS, mor-d[=a]'shus, _adj._ given to biting: biting: (_fig._) sarcastic: severe.--_adv._ MORD[=A]'CIOUSLY.--_n._ MORDAC'ITY, quality of being mordacious: biting severity.--_adj._ MOR'DANT, biting, sarcastic, severe: serving to fix colours.--_n._ any substance, as alum, used to give permanency or brilliancy to dyes: a glutinous size as a ground for gilding, matter to make gold-leaf adhere: any corrosive liquid by which the biting in etching is effected.--_v.t._ to treat with a mordant.--_adv._ MOR'DANTLY.--_ns._ MOR'DICANCY, MORDIC[=A]'TION. [Fr.,--L. _mordax_, _mordacis_--_mord[=e]re_, to bite.]

MORDENT, mor'dent, _n._ a kind of trill in music, or the character indicating it. [It. _mordente_.]

MORE, m[=o]r, _adj._ (serves as _comp._ of MANY and MUCH) additional: other besides: greater (so in _B._).--_adv._ to a greater degree: again: longer.--_n._ a greater thing: something further or in addition:--_superl._ MOST (m[=o]st).--_adj._ M[=O]'RISH. insufficient: such that one wants more.--MORE AND MORE, continually increasing; MORE BY TOKEN, in proof of this, besides; MORE OR LESS, about: in round numbers.--ANY MORE, something additional: further; BE NO MORE, to have died; NO MORE, nothing in addition. [Including both M.E. _mo_, more in number--A.S. _má_, more in number, and M. E. _more_, larger--A.S. _mára_, greater.]

MORE, m[=o]r, _n._ (_Spens._) a root. [A.S. _moru_, _more_, a carrot; Ger. _möhre_.]

MORE, m[=o]'re, _adv._ after the manner of. [L., abl. of _mos_, a custom.]

MOREEN, mo-r[=e]n', _n._ a stout woollen or cotton and woollen stuff, used for petticoats, curtains, &c. [Fr. _moire_, mohair.]

MOREL, mor'el, or m[=o]-rel', _n._ any edible mushroom of the genus _Morchella_. [Fr. _morille_; prob. Old High Ger. _morhela_ (Ger. _morchel_), a mushroom.]

MORELLO, m[=o]-rel'o, _n._ a dark-red variety of cherry, much used in cooking and for cherry brandy.--Also MOR'EL, or MOREL'. [It.,--Low L. _morellus_, blackish--L. _maurus_, a blackamoor, or perh. for _morulus_, blackish--_morum_, a mulberry.]

MOREOVER, m[=o]r-[=o]'v[.e]r, _adv._ more over or beyond what has been said: further: besides: also.

MORESQUE, mo-resk', _adj._ done after the manner of the Moors.--_n._ a kind of ornamentation, same as arabesque--(_obs._) MORES'CO. [Fr.,--It. _moresco_.]

MORGANA (FATA). See FATA.

MORGANATIC, mor-gan-at'ik, _adj._ noting a marriage of a man with a woman of inferior rank, in which neither the latter nor her children enjoy the rank or inherit the possessions of her husband, though the children are legitimate--also _Left-handed marriage_.--_adv._ MORGANAT'ICALLY. [Low L. _morganatica_, a gift from a bridegroom to his bride--Teut.; cf. Ger. _morgengabe_, A.S. _morgengifu_, a morning gift.]

MORGAY, mor'g[=a], _n._ the small spotted dogfish or bounce.

MORGLAY, mor'gl[=a], _n._ a claymore--esp. that of the Arthurian hero Sir Bevis.

MORGUE, morg, _n._ a place where bodies found dead are laid out for identification. [Fr.]

MORGUE, morg, _n._ hauteur. [Fr.]

MORIAN, m[=o]'ri-an, _n._ a Moor--also MUR'RIAN (Pr. Bk.)

MORIBUND, mo'ri-bund, _adj._ about to die: in a dying state. [L. _moribundus_--_mori_, to die.]

MORION, MORRION, m[=o]'ri-un, _n._ a open helmet without visor or beaver. [Fr., prob. from Sp. _morrion_--_morra_, crown of the head. Diez suggests Basque _murua_, a hill.]

MORISCO, mo-ris'ko, _n._ the Moorish language: a Moorish dance or dancer: Moorish architecture: one of the Moors who remained in Spain after the fall of Granada in 1492.--_adj._ MOORISH--(_obs._) MORISK'.

MORISONIAN, mor-i-s[=o]'ni-an, _n._ a member of the Evangelical Union, formed in 1843 by the Rev. James _Morison_ (1816-93), after his separation from the United Secession Church.--_n._ MORIS[=O]'NIANISM, the religious views of Morison and others--essentially a reaction from the Calvinistic doctrine of the Westminster Confession on predestination and unconditional election and reprobation.

MORKIN, mor'kin, _n._ a beast that has died by accident.

MORLING, mor'ling, _n._ a sheep dead of disease or its wool.

MORLOP, mor'lop, _n._ a New South Wales jasper.

MORMO, mor'm[=o], _n._ a genus of noctuoid moths: a bugbear.

MORMON, mor'mon, _n._ one of a religious sect in Utah, U.S., openly polygamous till 1890, calling itself 'The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,' founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith, whose supplement to the Bible, the _Book of Mormon_, was given out as translated from the golden plates of one '_Mormon_,' but was really adapted from a MS. romance written about 1811 by Solomon Spaulding.--_ns._ MOR'MONISM; MOR'MONITE, MOR'MONIST.

MORMOPS, mor'mops, _n._ a genus of American phyllostomine bats, so called from their repulsive physiognomy. [Gr. _morm[=o]_, a bugbear, _[=o]ps_, face.]

MORN, morn, _n._ the first part of the day: morning.--THE MORN (_Scot._), to-morrow; THE MORN'S MORNING, to-morrow morning. [M. E. _morwen_--A.S. _morgen_; Ger. _morgen_.]

MORNE, m[=o]rn, _n._ the blunt head of a jousting-lance: a small, rounded hill.--_adjs._ MORNÉ (m[=o]r-n[=a]'), denoting a lion rampant without teeth or claws; MORNED (_her._), blunted. [Fr.]

MORNING, morn'ing, _n._ the first part of the day: the early part of anything: the first dram of the day.--_adj._ pertaining to the morning: taking place or being in the morning.--_ns._ MORN'ING-DRESS, dress such as is usually worn in the morning, as opposed to _Evening-dress_; MORN'ING-GIFT, a gift made by the husband to the wife on the morning after marriage; MORNING-GOWN, a gown for wearing in the morning; MORN'ING-LAND, the east; MORN'ING-ROOM, a woman's morning boudoir or sitting-room in English country houses; MORN'ING-SICK'NESS, nausea and vomiting in the morning, common in the early stages of pregnancy; MORN'ING-STAR, any of the planets, esp. Venus, when it rises before the sun: a kind of flail with a star-like ball of metal at the end of a chain, formerly used as a weapon of war; MORN'ING-TIDE, the morning time: early part; MORN'ING-WATCH, the watch between 4 and 8 A.M. [Contr. of _morwen-ing_. Cf. _Morn_.]

MOROCCO, mo-rok'[=o], _n._ a fine goat-skin leather, tanned with sumac, first brought from _Morocco_, afterwards from the Levant and elsewhere: a sheep-skin leather in imitation of this: a very strong ale, anciently brewed in Cumberland.--_adj._ consisting of Morocco.--FRENCH MOROCCO, an inferior kind of Levant morocco, with small grain; LEVANT MOROCCO, a fine quality of morocco, with large grain; PERSIAN MOROCCO, a morocco finished on the grain side.

MOROLOGY, m[=o]-rol'o-ji, _n._ foolish talk. [Gr., _m[=o]ros_, a fool, _logia_--_legein_, to speak.]

MOROSE, m[=o]-r[=o]s', _adj._ of a sour temper: gloomy: severe.--_adv._ MOROSE'LY.--_ns._ MOROSE'NESS, quality of being morose--(_obs._) MOROS'ITY. [L. _morosus_, peevish--_mos_, _moris_, manner.]

MORPHEUS, mor'f[=u]s, _n._ a god of dreams: sleep.--_adjs._ MORPH[=E]'AN, MORPHET'IC. [L.]

MORPHIA, mor'fi-a, _n._ the chief narcotic principle of opium: a drug which causes sleep or deadens pain--also MOR'PHINE.--_ns._ MOR'PHINISM; MORPHIOM[=A]'NIA; MORPHIOM[=A]'NIAC. [Coined from Gr. _Morpheus_, god of dreams--_morph[=e]_, shape.]

MORPHIC, mor'fik, _adj._ relating to form, morphological.--_n._ MORPHOGEN'ESIS, the production of morphological characters.--_adj._ MORPHOGENET'IC.--_ns._ MORPHOG'ENY, the genesis of form: morphology; MORPHOG'RAPHER; MORPHOG'RAPHY, descriptive morphology.--_adjs._ MORPHOLOG'IC, -AL.--_ns._ MORPHOL'OGIST, one who is versed in, or who writes upon, morphology; MORPHOL'OGY, the science of organic form, of the development of the forms of living organisms; MORPHON'OMY, the laws of morphology; MORPH[=O]'SIS, morphogenesis.--_adj._ MORPHOT'IC. [Gr. _morph[=e]_, form.]

MORRHUA, mor'[=oo]-a, _n._ the chief genus of gadoid fishes, including the cod (_Gadus_).

MORRIS, MORRICE, mor'is, MORR'IS-DANCE, _n._ a Moorish dance: a dance in which bells, rattles, tambours, &c. are introduced.--_v.i._ MORR'IS, to perform by dancing.--_ns._ MORR'IS-DANC'ER; MORR'IS-PIKE (_Shak._), a Moorish pike.--NINE MEN'S MORRIS, an old English game in which a figure of squares, one within another, was marked out on aboard or on the turf, and eighteen pieces or stones, nine for each side, were moved alternately as at draughts--also _Nine men's merils_. [Sp. _morisco_, Moorish--Sp. _moro_, a Moor.]

MORROW, mor'[=o], _n._ the day following the present: to-morrow: the next following day: the time immediately after any event.--_n._ To-MORR'OW, next day--also _adv._ [M. E. _morwe_=_morwen_; cf. _Morn_.]

MORSE, mors, _n._ the walrus or sea-horse. [Russ. _morj[)u]_, a morse, prob. from _more_, the sea.]

MORSE, mors, _n._ the metal fastening of the cope, generally of precious metal, ornamented with jewels--also _Pectoral_. [L. _morsus_, a bite.]

MORSE, mors, _n._ (_coll._) the Morse-code signalling of telegraph operators, from Sam. F. B. _Morse_ (1791-1872).--MORSE ALPHABET, a system of symbols to be used in telegraphic messages where Morse's indicator is used, consisting of dots and dashes combined in different ways to indicate the different letters.

MORSEL, mor'sel, _n._ a bite or mouthful: a small piece of food: a small quantity of anything which is divided.--_ns._ MOR'S[=U]RE, the act of biting; MOR'SUS, a bite. [O. Fr. _morsel_ (Fr. _morceau_, It. _morsello_), dim. from L. _morsus_--_mord[=e]re_, _morsum_, to bite.]

MORSING-HORN, mor'sing-horn, _n._ the small horn that used to hold the fine powder used for priming. [Fr. _amorcer_, to prime a gun.]

MORT, mort, _n._ death: a flourish sounded at the death of a buck, & c., in hunting.

MORT, mort, _n._ a great number or amount of anything.

MORT, mort, _n._ (_slang_) a woman.

MORTAL, mor'tal, _adj._ liable to die: causing death: deadly: fatal: punishable with death: involving the penalty of spiritual death, as opposed to _Venial_: extreme, violent, implacable: human: (_coll._) very great, very long, confounded, very drunk.--_n._ a human being.--_v.t._ MOR'TALISE, to make mortal.--_n._ MORTAL'ITY, condition of being mortal: death: frequency or number of deaths, esp. in proportion to population: the human race.--_adv._ MOR'TALLY--(_coll._) MOR'TAL.--_ns._ MORT'-CLOTH, a pall; MORT'-STONE, a stone by the wayside on which the bearers lay the bier for a rest during a funeral procession.--BILLS OF MORTALITY, lists of the numbers of those who have died in any place during any given time; LAW OF MORTALITY, rules founded on experience or calculation, showing what average proportion of those living at the beginning of a given time will be surviving at its close. [Fr.,--L. _mortalis_--_mori_, to die.]

MORTAR, mor'tar, _n._ a vessel in which substances are pounded with a pestle: a short and very thick piece of artillery of large calibre, firing a heavy shell at a fixed angle of 45° or thereabouts, so as to strike vertically: a cement of lime, sand, and water, used to bind together stones or bricks in building.--_v.t._ to close up or in as with mortar: to pound in a mortar.--_n._ MOR'TAR-BOARD, a square board with a handle beneath for holding mortar which the workman is using: a square-crowned academic cap. [A.S. _mortere_--L. _mortarium_, a mortar.]

MORTGAGE, mor'g[=a]j, _n._ a conditional conveyance of or lien upon land or other property as security for the performance of some condition, as the payment of money, becoming void on the performance of the condition: the act of conveying, or the deed effecting it.--_v.t._ to pledge as security for a debt.--_ns._ MORTGAGEE', one to whom a mortgage is made or given; MORT'GAGER. [O. Fr., _mort_, dead, _gage_, a pledge.]

MORTIER, mor'tye, _n._ a cap of state worn by legal functionaries in France.

MORTIFEROUS, mor-tif'[.e]r-us, _adj._ death-bringing: fatal. [L. _mors_, death, _ferre_, to bring.]

MORTIFY, mor'ti-f[=i], _v.t._ to destroy the vital functions of: to subdue by severities and penance: to vex: to humble: (_Scots law_) to dispose of by mortification.--_v.i._ to lose vitality, to gangrene: to be subdued:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ mor'tified.--_ns._ MORTIFIC[=A]'TION, act of mortifying or state of being mortified: the death of one part of an animal body: a bringing under of the passions and appetites by a severe or strict manner of living: humiliation: vexation: that which mortifies or vexes: (_Scots law_) a bequest to some charitable institution; MOR'TIFIEDNESS, subjugation of the passions; MOR'TIFIER, one who mortifies.--_adj._ MOR'TIFYING, tending to mortify or humble: humiliating: vexing. [Fr.,--Low L. _mortific[=a]re_, to cause death to--_mors_ death, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

MORTISE, mor'tis, _n._ a cavity cut into a piece of timber to receive the tenon, a projection on another piece made to fit it: stability, power of adhesion--also MOR'TICE.--_v.t._ to cut a mortise in: to join by a mortise and tenon. [Fr. _mortaise_; ety. unknown.]

MORTMAIN, mort'm[=a]n, _n._ the transfer of property to a corporation, which is said to be a dead hand, or one that can never part with it again.--STATUTES OF MORTMAIN, acts of parliament restricting or forbidding the giving of property to religious houses. [Fr. _mort_, dead, _main_--L. _manus_, the hand.]

MORTUARY, mort'[=u]-ar-i, _n. adj._ belonging to the burial of the dead.--_n._ a burial-place, place for the temporary reception of the dead: a gift claimed by the minister of a parish on the death of a parishioner. [Low L.,--L. _mortuus_, dead, _mori_, to die.]

MORULA, mor'[=u]-la, _n._ condition of an ovum after complete segmentation: button-scurvy.

MORUS, m[=o]'rus, _n._ a genus of trees or shrubs of the nettle family--the mulberries. [L.]

MOSAIC, mö-z[=a]'ik, _n._ a kind of work in which designs are formed by small pieces of coloured marble, glass, &c. cemented on a ground of stucco, or inlaid upon metal.--_adj._ relating to, or composed of, mosaic.--_adv._ MOS[=A]'ICALLY.--_n._ MOS[=A]'ICIST.--MOSAIC GOLD, an alloy of copper and zinc--also _Ormolu_. [Fr.,--L. _musæum_ or _musivum_ (_opus_), mosaic (work)--Gr. _mouseios_--_Mousa_, a muse.]

MOSAIC, m[=o]-z[=a]'ik, _adj._ pertaining to _Moses_, the great Jewish lawgiver.--_n._ M[=O]'SAISM.--MOSAIC LAW, the law of the Jews given by Moses at Mount Sinai.

MOSAUSAURUS, m[=o]-sa-saw'rus, _n._ the typical genus of a group of huge fossil marine reptiles, found in the Cretaceous strata of Europe and America. [L. _Mosa_, the river Meuse, Gr. _sauros_, a lizard.]

MOSCHATEL, mos'ka-tel, _n._ a plant with pale-green flowers and a musky smell. [Fr. _moscatelline_--Low L. _moschatellina_--_muscus_, musk.]

MOSCHIFEROUS, mos-kif'e-rus, _adj._ producing musk.

MOSE, m[=o]z, _n._ (_Shak._) a disease of horses.--_v.i._ to have this. [Prob. Old High Ger. _m[=a]s[=a]_, a spot.]

MOSELLE, mo-zel', _n._ light wines from the district of the river _Moselle_, with an aromatic flavour.

MOSEY, m[=o]'zi, _v.i._ (_Amer. slang_) to go off quickly: to hurry up.

MOSLEM, moz'lem, _n._ a Mussulman or Mohammedan.--_adj._ of or belonging to the Mohammedans.--_n._ MOS'LEMISM. [Ar. _muslim_, pl. _muslim[=i]n_--_salama_, to submit (to God). Doublet _Mussulman_.]

MOSLINGS, moz'lingz, _n.pl._ the thin shavings taken off by the currier in dressing skins. [_Morsel_.]

MOSQUE, mosk, _n._ a Mohammedan place of worship. [Fr.,--Sp. _mezquita_--Ar. _masjid_--_sajada_, to pray.]

MOSQUITO, mos-k[=e]'to, _n._ a biting gnat, common in tropical countries:--_pl._ MOSQUI'TOES.--MOSQUITO CANOPY, curtain, net, an arrangement of netting set over a bed, in a window, &c., to keep out mosquitoes. [Sp., dim. of _mosca_, a fly--L. _musca_.]

MOSS, mos, _n._ a family of flowerless plants with branching stems and narrow, simple leaves: popularly any small cryptogamic plant, esp. a lichen: a piece of ground covered with moss: a bog.--_v.t._ to cover with moss.--_ns._ MOSS'-BACK, an old fish: a person of antiquated views; MOSS'-CHEEP'ER (_Scot._), the titlark.--_adj._ MOSS'-GROWN, covered with moss.--_ns._ MOSS'-HAG (_Scot._), a pit or slough in a bog; MOSS'INESS; MOSS'-LAND, land abounding in peat-bogs; MOSS'-ROSE, a variety of rose having a moss-like growth on and below the calyx; MOSS'TROOP'ER, one of the robbers that used to infest the mosses of the Border.--_adj._ MOSS'Y, overgrown or abounding with moss.--ICELAND MOSS (see ICELAND). [A.S. _meós_; Dut. _mos_, Ger. _moos_.]

MOSS-BUNKER, mos'-bung-k[.e]r, _n._ the menhaden. [Dut. _mars-banker_, the scad or horse-mackerel.]

MOST, m[=o]st, _adj._ (_superl._ of MORE), greatest in age, position or rank, number, degree, &c.--_adv._ in the highest degree.--_n._ the greatest number or quantity.--_advs._ MOST'LY; MOST'WHAT (_Spens._), for the most part, mostly.--AT (THE) MOST, to the utmost extent; FOR THE MOST PART, chiefly; MAKE THE MOST OF (see MAKE). [A.S. _m['æ]st_; cog. with Ger. _meist_.]

MOT, m[=o], _n._ a pithy or witty saying.--MOT D'ORDRE, word of command. [Fr.]

MOT, mot, _n._ a note on the bugle, &c., or its mark in musical notation. [Fr.,--L. _muttum_, a murmur.]

MOTATORIOUS, m[=o]-ta-t[=o]'ri-us, _adj._ vibratory, excessively mobile--of long-legged spiders and crane-flies, &c. [L. _mot[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_ to keep moving, freq. of _mov[=e]re_, to move.]

MOTE, m[=o]t, _n._ an archaism for might or must.

MOTE, m[=o]t, _n._ a particle of dust: a speck: a stain or blemish: anything very small.--_adjs._ M[=O]T'ED, MOT'TY, containing motes. [A.S. _mot_; Dut. _mot_.]

MOTET, mo-tet', _n._ a sacred cantata of several unconnected movements, as a solo, trio, chorus, fugue, &c.: a choral composition having a biblical or similar prose text.--_n._ MOTET'TIST, a composer of such. [Fr.,--It. _mottetto_--_motto_, saying.]

MOTH., moth, _n._ a family of insects like butterflies, seen mostly at night: the larva of this insect which gnaws cloth: that which eats away gradually and silently.--_v.t._ MOTH'-EAT, to prey upon, as a moth eats a garment.--_adj._ MOTH'-EAT'EN, eaten or cut by moths.--_n._ MOTH'-HUNT'ER, a little kind of swallow which hunts moths, &c., called also the _Goatsucker_.--_adj._ MOTH'Y, full of moths.--DEATH'S-HEAD MOTH, (see DEATH). [A.S. _moþþe_, _mohþe_; Ger. _motte_.]

MOTHER, muth'[.e]r, _n._ a female parent, esp. one of the human race: a woman in relation to her child: a matron: that which has produced anything: the female head of a religious house: a familiar term of address to an old woman.--_adj._ received by birth, as it were from one's mother: natural: acting the part of a mother: originating.--_v.t._ to adopt as a son or daughter.--_ns._ MOTH'ER-CHURCH, the church from which others have sprung; MOTH'ER-COUN'TRY, -LAND, the country of one's birth: the country from which a colony has gone out; MOTH'ERHOOD, state of being a mother; MOTH'ERING, a rural English custom of visiting one's parents on Mid-Lent Sunday; MOTH'ER-IN-LAW, the mother of one's husband or wife.--_adj._ MOTH'ERLESS, without a mother.--_n._ MOTH'ERLINESS.--_adj._ MOTH'ERLY, pertaining to, or becoming, a mother: like a mother: parental: tender.--_ns._ MOTH'ER-OF-PEARL', the nacreous internal layer of the shells of several molluscs, esp. of the pearl-oyster, so called because producing the pearl; MOTH'ER'S-MARK, a birth-mark; MOTH'ER-TONGUE, a person's native language: a language from which another has its origin; MOTH'ER-WA'TER, the residual liquid remaining after the chemical substances it contained have been crystallised or precipitated; MOTH'ER-WIT, native wit: common-sense; MOTH'ER-WORT, a labiate plant growing in waste places; QUEEN'-MOTH'ER, the mother of a reigning sovereign.--MOTHER CAREY'S CHICKEN, the stormy petrel, or other bird of the same family; MOTHER-HUBBARD, a woman's loose flowing gown, like that proper to the nursery heroine.--EVERY MOTHER'S SON, all, without exception. [A.S. _móder_; Dut. _moeder_, Ice. _móðir_, Ger. _mutter_, Ir. and Gael. _mathair_, L. _mater_, Gr. _m[=e]t[=e]r_, Sans, _mátá_, _mátri_.]

MOTHER, muth[.e]r, _n._ dregs or sediments, as of vinegar.--_v.i._ to become concreted.--_adj._ MOTH'ERY. [_Mud_.]

MOTIF, m[=o]-t[=e]f', _n._ an old form of motive: a theme or ground for intellectual action, or a leading subject in a dramatic work: in a musical composition the principal subject on which the movement is constructed. [Fr.,--L. _motus_, moved.]

MOTION, m[=o]'shun, _n._ the act or state of moving: a single movement: change of posture: gait: power of moving or of being moved: angular velocity--_direct_ when from west to east; _retrograde_ when from east to west: excitement of the mind: any natural impulse, instigation: proposal made, esp. in an assembly: an application to a court, during a case before it, for an order or rule that something be done, esp. something incidental to the progress of the cause rather than its issue: evacuation of the intestine: (_pl._, _B._) impulses.--_v.i._ to make a significant movement, to offer a proposal.--_v.t._ to guide by a gesture, &c.: to move.--_adj._ M[=O]'TILE, capable of spontaneous motion.--_n._ MOTIL'ITY.--_adj._ MO'TIONAL, characterised by motions.--_n._ M[=O]'TIONIST, one who makes a motion.--_adj._ M[=O]'TIONLESS, without motion.--ABSOLUTE MOTION, change of absolute place; ACCELERATED MOTION, motion of which the velocity is continually increasing; ANGULAR MOTION, motion regarded as measured by the increase of the angle made with some standard direction by a line drawn from the moving object to a fixed point; LAWS OF MOTION, Newton's three laws: (1) Every body continues in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line, except so far as it may be compelled by force to change that state; (2) Change of motion is proportional to force applied, and takes place in the direction of the straight line in which the force acts; (3) To every action there is always an equal and contrary reaction; PARALLEL MOTION (see PARALLEL); PERPETUAL MOTION (see PERPETUAL); QUANTITY OF MOTION, momentum. [Fr.,--L.,--_mov[=e]re_, _m[=o]tum_, to move.]

MOTIVE, m[=o]'tiv, _adj._ causing motion: having power to cause motion.--_n._ that which moves or excites to action: inducement: reason.--_v.t._ to act on as a motive, instigate.--_v.t._ M[=O]'TIV[=A]TE, to act on as a motive, induce.--_n._ MOTIV[=A]'TION.--_adj._ M[=O]TIVELESS.--_ns._ M[=O]'TIVELESSNESS; M[=O]'TIVE-POWER, or -FORCE, the force acting upon a body so as to cause it to move; MOTIV'ITY, power of producing motion: the quality of being influenced by motion. [Fr., through Low L., from _mov[=e]re_, _m[=o]tum_ to move.]

MOTLEY, mot'li, _adj._ covered with spots of different colours: consisting of different colours: composed of various parts, heterogeneous.--_n._ clothes made of pieces of different colours: the dress of a jester: any mixture, esp. of colours.--_adj._ MOT'LEY-MIND'ED (_Shak._), having fickle and foolish thoughts and feelings.--MAN OF MOTLEY, a jester. [Skeat explains M. E. _mottelee_ as through O. Fr. _mattelé_, clotted, curdled--Bavarian _matte_, curds.]

MOTMOT, mot'mot, _n._ a sawbill.

MOTOGRAPH, m[=o]'to-graf, _n._ a device of Edison's, used as a telephone receiver, &c., by which the variation of the friction between two conductors in relative motion is diminished periodically by the passage of a current of electricity from one to the other across the surface of contact.--_adj._ MOTOGRAPH'IC. [L. _motus_, motion, Gr. _graphein_, to write.]

MOTOPHONE, m[=o]'to-f[=o]n, _n._ a sound-engine of Edison's actuated by aerial sound-waves. [L. _motus_, motion, Gr. _ph[=o]n[=e]_, a voice.]

MOTOR, m[=o]'tor, _n._ a mover: that which gives motion: a machine by means of which steam or other sources of force can be used to give motion or produce work.--_adj._ giving or transmitting motion.--_ns._ M[=O]'TOR-CAR, a vehicle for the road impelled by steam, electricity, or petrol (petroleum spirit); M[=O]'TOR-DY'NAMO, a dynamo used as a motor.--_adjs._ MOT[=O]'RIAL, M[=O]'TORY, giving motion.--_n._ MOT[=O]'RIUM, that part of the nervous organism instrumental in the exertion of motor influence:--opp. to _Sensorium_, that which feels or perceives.--_adj._ MOTORPATH'IC, belonging to MOTOR'PATHY or the movement cure.--MOTOR NERVE, any nerve which transmits impulse to the muscles.--AIR-MOTOR, a machine impelled by compressed air. [Cf. _Motive_.]

MOTTLE, mot'l, _v.t._ to mark with spots as if stained.--_n._ the arrangement of spots on any mottled surface, in marble, &c.--_adjs._ MOTT'LED, marked with spots of various colours or shades; Mott'LE-FACED.--_n._ MOTT'LING. [_Motley_.]

MOTTO, mot'[=o], _n._ a short sentence or phrase prefixed in anything intimating the subject of it: a phrase attached to a coat-of-arms: a paper packet containing a sweetmeat, cracker, &c., together with a scrap of paper bearing a motto--a motto-kiss:--_pl._ MOTTOES (mot'[=o]z).--_adj._ MOTT'OED. [Low L. _muttum_--_mutt[=i]re_, to mutter.]

MOUCHARABY, m[=oo]-shar'a-bi, _n._ a balcony enclosed with lattice-work: an embattled balcony with parapet and machicolations. [Fr.]

MOUCHARD, m[=oo]-shär', _n._ a police spy in France. [_Mouche_, a fly.]

MOUCHER, mow'ch[.e]r, _n._ one who idles about, a loafer, a beggar--same as MICHER.--_v.i._ MOUCH, to skulk or sneak about; to live a vagabond life. [O. Fr. _muchier_ (Fr. _musser_), to hide.]

MOUCHOIR, m[=oo]-shwor', _n._ a pocket-handkerchief. [Fr.]

MOUFFLON, m[=oo]f'lon, _n._ a wild sheep in the mountains of Corsica, Greece, &c. [Fr.]

MOUGHT, mowt (_Bacon_), obsolete _pa.t._ of _may_.

MOUILLE, m[=oo]l-ly[=a]', _adj._ sounded in a liquid manner, as certain consonants in many French words. [Fr.]

MOULD, m[=o]ld, _n._ dust: soil rich in decayed matter: the matter of which anything is composed: a minute fungus which grows on bodies in a damp atmosphere, so named from often growing on mould: the earth, the ground, the grave, esp. in _pl._ MOOLS (_Scot._).--_v.t._ to cover with mould or soil: to cause to become mouldy.--_v.i._ to become mouldy.--_n._ MOULD'-BOARD, the curved plate in a plough which turns over the furrow.--_v.i._ MOULD'ER, to crumble to mould: to turn to dust: to waste away gradually.--_v.t._ to turn to dust.--_ns._ MOULD'INESS; MOULD'WARP, the mole, which casts up little heaps of mould.--_adj._ MOULD'Y, overgrown with mould. [A.S. _molde_; Ger. _mull_, Goth. _mulda_.]

MOULD, m[=o]ld, _n._ a hollow form in which anything is cast: a pattern; the form received from a mould, a former or matrix for jellies, &c., also a dish shaped in such: character.--_v.t._ to form in a mould: to knead, as dough.--_adj._ MOULD'ABLE, that may be moulded.--_ns._ MOULD'-BOX, a box in which molten steel is hydraulically compressed; MOULD'ER; MOULD'-FAC'ING, a fine powder or wash applied to the face of a mould to ensure a smooth casting; MOULD'ING, the process of shaping, esp. any soft substance: anything formed by or in a mould: an ornamental edging on a picture-frame, &c., or (_archit._) raised above or sunk below the surface of a wall, on cornices, jambs, lintels, &c.--the _fillet_ or _list_, _astragal_ or _bead_, _ogee_, _cyma_, &c.; MOULDING-T[=A]'BLE, a table on which a potter moulds his ware; MOULD'-LOFT, a large room in a shipbuilding yard in which the several parts of a ship's hull are laid off to full size from the construction drawings.--MOULDING MACHINE, a machine for making wood-mouldings; MOULDING PLANE, a plane used in forming mouldings, a match-plane; MOULDING SAND, a mixture of sand and loam used by founders in making sand-moulds. [Fr. _moule_--L. _modulus_, a measure.]

MOULIN, m[=oo]-lang', _n._ a cavity formed in a glacier by the running down of surface water, sometimes allowing a cascade to be formed. [Fr.]

MOULINAGE, m[=oo]'lin[=a]j, _n._ the operation of reeling-off, twisting, and doubling raw silk.

MOULINET, m[=oo]'li-net, _n._ the drum of a windlass, &c., on which the rope is wound: a machine for bending a crossbow. [Fr., 'a little mill.']

MOULT, m[=o]lt, _v.i._ to change or cast the feathers, &c., as birds, &c.--_n._ MOULT'ING, the act or process of moulting or casting feathers, skin, &c. [L. _mut[=a]re_, to change, with intrusive _l_.]

MOUND, mownd, _n._ an artificial mount: a natural hillock, appearing as if thrown up by man's work: (_fort._) a bank of earth or stone raised as a protection.--_v.t._ to fortify with a mound.--_n.pl._ MOUND'-BIRDS, a family of Australasian gallinaceous birds which build large mounds as incubators for their eggs.--_n._ MOUND'-BUILD'ER, one of the primitive race which built the vast so-called _Indian mounds_ found in the United States, esp. east of the Mississippi River. [A.S. _mund_, a defence; cf. Old High Ger. _munt_, defence, and perh. L. _mons_, a mount.]

MOUND, mownd, _n._ (_her._) the representation of a globe encircled with bands, and surmounted by a cross.--Also MONDE. [Fr. _monde_--L. _mundus_, the world.]

MOUNT, mownt, _n._ ground rising above the level of the surrounding country: a hill: an ornamental mound: that on which anything is mounted for more convenient use or exhibition: a saddle-horse for riding: a step, &c., to give aid in mounting a horse, also a signal for mounting: (_her._) a green hillock in the base of a shield: (_fort._) a cavalier or raised hillock commanding the surrounding country: one of the seven fleshy cushions in the palm of the hand: (_B._) a bulwark for offence or defence.--_v.i._ to project or rise up: to be of great elevation.--_v.t._ to raise aloft: to climb: to get upon, as a horse: to put on horseback: to put upon something: to arrange or set in fitting order.--_adjs._ MOUNT'ABLE, that may be mounted or ascended; MOUNT'ED, raised, esp. set on horseback: (_her._) raised on steps, generally three, as a cross: furnished, supplied.--_ns._ MOUNT'ER; MOUNT'ING, the act of rising or getting higher: the act of mounting or embellishing, as the setting of a gem, &c.: that which mounts; MOUNT'ING-BLOCK, a block or stone to enable one to mount a horse.--MOUNT GUARD (see GUARD). [A.S. _munt_--L. _mons_, _montis_, a mountain.]

MOUNTAIN, mownt'[=a]n, or -'in, _n._ a high hill: anything very large: a wine made from mountain grapes: the extreme party in the French Revolution (see MONTAGNARD).--_adj._ of or relating to a mountain: growing or dwelling on a mountain.--_ns._ MOUNT'AIN-ASH, the rowan-tree, with bunches of red berries, common on mountains; MOUNT'AIN-BLUE, blue carbonate of copper; MOUNT'AIN-BRAM'BLE, the cloudberry; MOUNT'AIN-CAT, a catamount, a wild-cat; MOUNT'AIN-CHAIN, a number of mountains connected together in one line; MOUNT'AIN-CORK, MOUNT'AIN-LEATH'ER, a very light and whitish variety of asbestos; MOUNT'AIN-DEER, the chamois; MOUNT'AIN-DEW, whisky.--_adj._ MOUNT'AINED.--_ns._ MOUNTAINEER', an inhabitant of a mountain: a climber of mountains: a rustic; MOUNTAINEER'ING, the practice of climbing mountains; MOUNT'AIN-FLAX, a fibrous asbestos; MOUNT'AIN-LIME'STONE (_geol._), a series of limestone strata separating the Old Red Sandstone from the coal-measures; MOUNT'AIN-L[=I]ON, the cougar; MOUNT'AIN-MILK, a spongy carbonate of lime.--_adj._ MOUNT'AINOUS, full of mountains: large as a mountain: huge.--_ns._ MOUNT'AIN-RICE, an awnless rice grown without irrigation on the Himalayas, &c.; MOUNT'AIN-SHEEP, the bighorn of the Rocky Mountains; MOUNT'AIN-SOAP, a greasy clay-like mineral, a kind of halloysite--also _Rock-soap_; MOUNT'AIN-TALL'OW, a mineral substance, called also _Hatchettite_; MOUNT'AIN-TEA, the American evergreen, _Gaultheria procumbens_.--OLD MAN OF THE MOUNTAIN, a popular name for the chief of the 11th century _Hashsh[=a]sh[=i]n_ (see ASSASSIN). [O. Fr. _montaine_--Low L. _montana_, a mountain--L. _montanus_--_mons_, _montis_.]

MOUNTANT, mownt'ant, _adj._ (_Shak._) rising on high. [Fr. _montant_, pr.p. of _monter_, to mount.]

MOUNTEBANK, mown'te-bangk, _n._ a quack-doctor who boasts of his skill and his medicines: a boastful pretender.--_adj._ pertaining to such, sham.--_v.t._ to cheat by false pretences, to humbug.--_v.i._ to play the mountebank.--_ns._ MOUN'TEBANKERY, MOUN'TEBANKING, MOUN'TEBANKISM. [It. _montambanco_--_montare_, to mount, _in_, on, _banco_, a bench.]

MOURN, m[=o]rn, _v.i._ to grieve: to be sorrowful: to wear mourning.--_v.t._ to grieve for: to utter in a sorrowful manner.--_n._ MOURN'ER, one who mourns, one who attends a funeral in mourning-dress, esp. one of those related to the deceased.--_adj._ MOURN'FUL, mourning: causing or expressing sorrow: feeling grief.--_adv._ MOURN'FULLY.--_n._ MOURN'FULNESS.--_adj._ MOURN'ING, grieving: lamenting.--_n._ the act of expressing grief: the dress of mourners, or other tokens of mourning.--_ns._ MOURN'ING-BRIDE, the sweet scabious; MOURN'ING-CLOAK, an undertaker's cloak, formerly worn at a funeral; MOURN'ING-COACH, a closed carriage for carrying mourners to a funeral; MOURN'ING-DOVE, the common American turtle-dove.--_adv._ MOURN'INGLY.--_ns._ MOURN'ING-PIECE, a picture intended to be a memorial of the dead; MOURN'ING-RING, a ring worn in memorial of a dead person; MOURN'ING-STUFF, a lustreless black dress fabric, as crape, cashmere, &c., for making mourning clothes. [A.S. _murnan_, _meornan_; Old High Ger. _morn[=e]n_, to grieve.]

MOUSE, mows, _n._ a little rodent animal found in houses and in the fields:--_pl._ MICE (m[=i]s): one of various animals like the mouse, the _flitter_-mouse, _shrew_-mouse: part of a hind-leg of beef, next the round--also MOUSE'-BUTT'OCK and MOUSE'-PIECE: a match for firing a cannon or mine: a small cushion for a woman's hair: (_slang_) a black eye, or discoloured swelling: a term of endearment.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ (mowz), to hunt for mice: to pursue slyly: to prowl: to tear as a cat tears a mouse: (_naut._) to pass a turn or two of rope yarn round the point of a tackle-hook to prevent its unhooking.--_ns._ MOUSE'-EAR, a name of several plants with soft leaves shaped like a mouse's ear; MOUSE'-HOLE, a hole for mice: a small hole or opening; MOUSE'-HUNT (_Shak._), a mouser; MOUSE'KIN, MOUS'IE, a young mouse; MOUS'ER, a catcher of mice; MOUS'ERY, a resort of mice; MOUSE'-SIGHT, myopia; MOUSE'TAIL, a small plant with a spike of seed-vessels very like the tail of a mouse; MOUSE'-TRAP, a trap for catching mice; MOUS'ING, act of catching mice.--_adj._ given to catching mice.--_adj._ MOUS'Y, like a mouse in colour or smell: abounding with mice. [A.S. _mús_, pl. _mýs_; Ger. _maus_, L. and Gr. _mus_.]

MOUSQUETAIRE, m[=oo]s-ke-t[=a]r', _n._ a musketeer: a woman's cloak trimmed with ribbons, with large buttons, fashionable about 1855: a broad turnover linen collar worn a few years earlier.--MOUSQUETAIRE GLOVE, a woman's glove, long-armed, loose at top, without slit lengthwise. [Fr.]

MOUSSELINE, m[=oo]-se-l[=e]n', _n._ fine French muslin: a very thin glass for claret-glasses.--_n._ MOUSSELINE'-DE-LAINE, an untwilled woollen cloth, in many colours and varied patterns. [Fr.]

MOUSTACHE, MUSTACHE, mus-tash', _n._ the hair upon the upper lip of men: a soldier--also MUSTACH'IO.--_n._ MOUSTACHE'-CUP, a cup for drinking tea, &c., having the top partly covered to keep the moustache from being wet.--_adjs._ MOUSTACHED', MUSTACH'IOED. [Fr. _moustache_--It. _mostaccio_--Gr. _mastax_, _mastakos_, the upper lip.]

MOUTH, mowth, _n._ the opening in the head of an animal by which it eats and utters sound: opening or entrance, as of a bottle, river, &c.: the instrument of speaking: a speaker: cry, voice, utterance: taste or flavour in the mouth: a wry face, a grimace:--_pl._ MOUTHS (mowthz).--_ns._ MOUTH'-FRIEND (_Shak._), one who only professes friendship: MOUTH'FUL, as much as fills the mouth: a small quantity:--_pl._ MOUTH'FULS; MOUTH'-HON'OUR (_Shak._), honour or civility insincerely expressed.--_adjs._ MOUTH'LESS, without a mouth; MOUTH'-MADE (_Shak._), expressed by the mouth, insincere.--_n._ MOUTH'PIECE, the piece of a musical instrument, or tobacco-pipe, held in the mouth: one who speaks for others.--BY WORD OF MOUTH, by means of spoken words; DOWN IN THE MOUTH, out of spirits: despondent; FROM HAND TO MOUTH (see HAND); HAVE ONE'S HEART IN ONE'S MOUTH (see HEART); MAKE A MOUTH, or MOUTHS, to distort the face in mockery, to pout; MAKE THE MOUTH WATER (see WATER); STOP THE MOUTH, to cause to be silent. [A.S. _múth_; Ger. _mund_, Dut. _mond_.]

MOUTH, mowth, _v.t._ to utter with a voice over loud or swelling.--_adjs._ MOUTH'ABLE, sounding well; MOUTHED, having a mouth.--_ns._ MOUTH'ER, an affected speaker; MOUTH'ING, rant.--_adj._ MOUTH'Y, ranting, affected.

MOUTON, m[=oo]'ton, _n._ a sheep: a 14th-cent. French gold coin, weighing about 70 grains. [Fr.]

MOVABLE, m[=oo]v'a-bl, _adj._ that may be moved, lifted, changed, &c.: not fixed: changing from one time to another.--_n._ an article of furniture.--_ns._ MOVABIL'ITY, MOV'ABLENESS.--_n.pl._ MO'VABLES (_law_), such articles of property as may be moved, as furniture, &c., in opposition to _lands_ and _houses_.--_adv._ MOV'ABLY.

MOVE, m[=oo]v, _v.t._ to cause to change place or posture: to set in motion: to impel: to excite to action: to persuade: to instigate: to arouse: to provoke: to touch the feelings of: to propose or bring before an assembly: to recommend.--_v.i._ to go from one place to another: to change place or posture: to walk, to carry one's self: to change residence: to make a motion as in an assembly: to bow or salute on meeting.--_n._ the act of moving: a proceeding or step: a movement, esp. at chess.--_adj._ MOVE'LESS, immovable.--_ns._ MOVE'MENT, act or manner of moving: change of position: motion of the mind, emotion: a series of incidents moving continuously towards one end: particular arrangement of the moving parts in a mechanism, esp. the wheelwork of a clock or watch: (_mil._) a strategic change of position: (_mus._) melodic progression, accentual character, tempo or pace; MOV'ER.--_adj._ MOV'ING, causing motion: changing position: affecting the feelings: pathetic.--_adv._ MOV'INGLY.--KNOW A MOVE OR TWO, to be sharp or knowing; ON THE MOVE, changing or about to change one's place. [O. Fr. _movoir_ (Fr. _mouvoir_)--L. _mov[=e]re_, to move.]

MOW, mow, _n._ a wry face.--_v.i._ to make grimaces. [Fr. _moue_, a grimace.]

MOW, mow, _n._ a pile of hay or corn in sheaves laid up in a barn.--_v.t._ to lay hay or sheaves of grain in a heap:--_pr.p._ mow'ing; _pa.t._ mowed; _pa.p._ mowed or mown.--_v.i._ MOW'BURN, to heat and ferment in the mow. [A.S. _múga_, heap; Ice. _múga_, swath.]

MOW, m[=o], _v.t._ to cut down with a scythe: to cut down in great numbers:--_pr.p._ mow'ing; _pa.t._ mowed; _pa.p._ mowed or mown.--_adjs._ MOWED, MOWN, cut down with a scythe: cleared of grass with a scythe, as land.--_ns._ MOW'ER, one who mows grass, &c.: a machine for mowing grass; MOW'ING, the act of cutting down with a scythe: land from which grass is cut; MOW'ING-MACHINE', a machine with revolving cutters for mowing lawns. [A.S. _máwan_; Ger. _mähen_; L. _met[)e]re_, to reap.]

MOXA, mok'sa, _n._ a cottony material for cauterising, prepared in China and Japan from _Artemisia Moxa_, &c.: a cone of cotton-wool placed on the skin and fired at the top for cauterisation.--_n._ MOXIBUS'TION, cauterisation by this method.

MOYA, moi'ya, _n._ volcanic mud.

MOYENAGE, moi'en-äzh, _n._ the Middle Ages. [Fr.]

MOZARABIC, m[=o]-zar'a-bik, _adj._ pertaining to the _Mozarabes_ or _Muzarabes_, the Christian Spaniards who lived in the parts of Spain under Moorish rule, retaining their ancient liturgy.--_n._ MOZAR'AB, one of these.

MOZETTA, m[=o]-tset'ta, _n._ a short cape to which a hood may be attached, worn by popes, cardinals, bishops, abbots. [It., _mozzo_, cut short.]

MOZING, m[=o]'zing, _n._ the raising of nap on cloth, as in a gig-mill.

M ROOF. See under letter M.

MUCEDINOUS, m[=u]-sed'i-nus, _adj._ like mould or mildew.

MUCH, much, _adj._ great in size, quantity, or extent: long in duration.--_adv._ to a great degree: by far: often or long: almost.--_n._ a great quantity: a strange thing.--_adj._ MUCH'EL (_Spens._), much.--_n._ MUCH'NESS, state of being much.--MUCH ABOUT IT, something like what it usually is; MUCH OF A MUCHNESS=just about the same value or amount.--MAKE MUCH OF (see MAKE); NOT SO MUCH AS, not even; TOO MUCH FOR, more than a match for. [M. E. _muche_, _moche_, _muchel_, _mochel_--A.S. _mic-el_; cf. Ice. _mjök_.]

MUCIC, m[=u]'sik, _adj._ derived from gums.--_n._ M[=U]'CATE, a salt of mucic acid and a base.

MUCID, m[=u]'sid, _adj._ slimy, mouldy--also M[=U]'CIDOUS.--_ns._ M[=U]'CIDNESS, M[=U]'COR.

MUCK, muk, _n._ dung: a mass of decayed vegetable matter: anything low and filthy.--_v.t._ to manure with muck.--_v.i._ MUCK'ER, to make a muddle of anything, to fail.--_n._ a heavy fall in the mire: a coarse, dirty fellow.--_ns._ MUCK'-HEAP, a dung-hill; MUCK'INESS; MUCK'-RAKE, a rake for scraping filth; MUCK'-SWEAT, profuse sweat; MUCK'-WORM, a worm that lives in muck: one who acquires money by mean devices: a miser.--_adj._ MUCK'Y, nasty, filthy. [Scand., Ice. _myki_, Dan. _mög_, dung.]

MUCK, mistaken form of _amuck_.

MUCKER, muk'[.e]r, _n._ a canting person, a hypocrite, esp. a follower of the sect of J. W. Ebel of Königsberg, suspected of dirty practices. [Ger.]

MUCKLE, a Scotch form of _mickle_.

MUCRONATE, -D, m[=u]'kro-n[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ (_bot._) terminating in a short and sharp point.--_n._ M[=U]'CRO, a spine-like process.--_adj._ MUCRON'[=U]LATE, very mucronate. [L. _mucron[=a]tus_--_mucro_, _mucronis_, a sharp point.]

MUCUS, m[=u]'kus, _n._ the slimy fluid from the nose: the viscous fluid secreted by the mucous membrane of animals.--_adjs._ M[=U]CIF'EROUS; M[=U]CIF'IC; M[=U]'CIFORM.--_n._ M[=U]'CIGEN, a substance secreted by the cells of mucous membrane, converted into mucin.--_adjs._ M[=U]CIG'ENOUS, M[=U]CIP'AROUS, secreting mucus.--_n._ M[=U]'CILAGE, the solution of a gum in water: the gum extracted from plants.--_adj._ MUCILAG'INOUS, pertaining to, or secreting, mucilage: slimy.--_n._ M[=U]'CIN, an alkaline glutinous fluid forming the chief constituent of mucus.--_adjs._ M[=U]CIV'OROUS, feeding on the juices of plants; M[=U]'COID, like mucus; M[=U]COP[=U]'RULENT, pertaining to mucus and pus.--_n._ MUCOS'ITY.--_adjs._ MUCO'SO-SAC'CHARINE, partaking of the properties of mucilage and sugar; M[=U]'COUS, like mucus: slimy: viscous; M[=U]'CULENT, like mucus.--MUCOUS MEMBRANE (see MEMBRANE). [L., cf. L. _mung[)e]re_, wipe away.]

MUD, mud, _n._ wet soft earth.--_v.t._ to bury in mud: to dirty: to stir the sediment in, as in liquors; to bury in mud.--_v.i._ to go under the mud like the eel.--_ns._ MUD'-BATH, a kind of mud connected with some mineral springs into which the patient plunges himself; MUD'-BOAT, -SCOW, a boat for carrying away the mud dredged from a river, &c.; MUD'-CONE, a mud-volcano.--_adv._ MUD'DILY.--_n._ MUD'DINESS.--_adj._ MUD'DY, foul with mud: containing mud: covered with mud: confused: stupid.--_v.t._ to dirty: to render dull:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ mud'died.--_adjs._ MUD'DY-HEAD'ED, having a muddy or dull head or understanding; MUD'DY-METT'LED (_Shak._), dull-spirited: spiritless.--_ns._ MUD'-FISH, a fish which burrows in the mud; MUD'-FLAT, a muddy strip of shore submerged at high tide; MUD'-GUARD, the dash-board of a carriage; MUD'-HOLE, a place full of mud: an orifice in the bottom of a boiler where the sediment is collected; MUD'-LARK, a man who cleans public sewers or who picks up a living along the banks of tidal rivers: a street-arab; MUD'-WALL, a wall composed of mud, or one in which mud is used in place of mortar: the bee-eater. [Old Low Ger. _mudde_, Dut. _modder_.]

MUDDLE, mud'l, _v.t._ to render muddy or foul, as water: to confuse, esp. with liquor: to waste, squander, misuse.--_v.i._ to potter about.--_n._ confusion, mess: mental confusion, bewilderment.--_n._ MUDD'LEHEAD, a blockhead.--_adv._ MUDDLEHEAD'EDLY.--_n._ MUDDLEHEAD'EDNESS. [Freq. of _mud_.]

MUDIR, m[=oo]'d[=e]r, _n._ governor of an Egyptian province.

MUEZZIN, m[=u]-ez'in, _n._ the Mohammedan official attached to a mosque, whose duty it is to announce the hours of prayer.--Also MUED'DIN. [Ar.]

MUFF, muf, _n._ a warm, soft cover for the hands in winter, usually of fur or dressed skins.--_n._ MUFFETTEE', a small muff worn over the wrist. [Prob. from Dut. _mof_; cf. Ger. _muff_, a muff.]

MUFF, muf, _n._ a stupid fellow.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to perform awkwardly, spoil: to act clumsily, esp. in letting a ball slip out of the hands. [Prob. related to Dut. _muffen_, to dote; Ger. _muffen_, to sulk.]

MUFFIN, muf'in, _n._ a soft, light, spongy cake, eaten hot with butter: a small plate: one who dangles after a young woman: a poor ball-player.--_ns._ MUFF'IN-CAP, a round flat cap for men; MUFFINEER', a dish for keeping muffins hot: a metal cruet for sprinkling salt or sugar on muffins.

MUFFLE, muf'l, _n._ the thick naked upper lip and nose, as of a ruminant. [Ger.]

MUFFLE, muf'l, _v.t._ to wrap up as with a muff: to blindfold: to cover up so as to render sound dull, as a bell or a drum: to cover from the weather.--_n._ something used for smothering sound: a boxing-glove: a clay oven, as for firing pottery.--_adj._ MUFF'LED, wrapped up closely: dulled or deadened--of sound.--_n._ MUFF'LER, a cover that muffles the face. [_Muff_.]

MUFFLE, muf'l, _v.i._ to mumble.

MUFTI, muf'ti, _n._ a doctor or official expounder of Mohammedan law in Turkey: the dress of an officer off duty. [Ar.]

MUG, mug, _n._ a kind of earthen or metal cup for liquor, its contents.--_ns._ MUG'GER (_Scot._), a tramping tinker or vendor of earthenware; MUG'-HOUSE, an alehouse; MUG'-HUNT'ER, one who competes at games merely for the prizes. [Ir. _mugan_, a mug, _mucog_, a cup.]

MUG, mug, _n._ the human face, the mouth.

MUGGINS, mug'inz, _n._ a children's card-game played with a full pack divided equally, each in turn laying down a card face up, the first one who calls 'Muggins' when one matches another adding his card to the other's pile, the aim being to get out as soon as possible. [Ety. dub.]

MUGGLETONIAN, mug-l-t[=o]'ni-an, _n._ a member of a sect founded in England by John Reeve and Lodowick _Muggleton_ (1607-97), which lingered till well into the 19th cent. They claimed to be the two witnesses of Rev. xi. 3-6, denied the Trinity, holding grotesque anthropomorphist opinions, with many strange doctrines over and above, as that the devil became incarnate in Eve, &c.

MUGGY, mug'i, _adj._ foggy: close and damp, as weather: wet or mouldy, as straw.--Also MUG'GISH. [Ice. _mugga_, mist; cf. Gael. _mugach_, cloudy.]

MUGWORT, mug'wurt, _n._ a common British species of wormwood.

MUGWUMP, mug'wump, _n._ an Indian chief: a person of great importance, or who thinks himself so: a humorous political use of the above. [Algonkin _mugquomp_, a great man.]

MULATTO, m[=u]-lat'[=o], _n._ the offspring of black and white parents:--_fem._ MULATT'RESS. [Sp. _mulato_.]

MULBERRY, mul'ber-i, _n._ the tree the leaves of which form the food of the silkworm: the berry of this tree. [_Mul-_ is A.S. _mór-_ (as in A.S. _mórbeám_, a mulberry)--L. _morus_; Gr. _m[=o]ron_.]

MULCH, the same as MULSH (q.v.).

MULCT, mulkt, _n._ a fine: a penalty.--_v.t._ to fine.--_adjs._ MULC'TARY, MULC'T[=U]ARY, imposing a fine: paid as a fine. [L. _mulcta_, a fine.]

MULE, m[=u]l, _n._ the offspring of the horse and ass: an instrument for cotton-spinning: an obstinate person.--_ns._ M[=U]LE'-DEER, the black-tail of North America; M[=U]LETEER', one who drives mules.--_adj._ M[=U]L'ISH, like a mule: obstinate.--_adv._ M[=U]L'ISHLY.--_n._ M[=U]L'ISHNESS. [A.S. _mul_--L. _mulus_, mule.]

MULEY, m[=u]'li, _adj._ hornless.--_n._ any cow.--Also MOOL'Y, MUL'LEY.

MULIEBRITY, m[=u]-li-eb'ri-ti, _n._ womanhood: effeminacy, softness.--_adj._ MUL'IER[=O]SE, fond of women.--_n._ MULIEROS'ITY. [L.,--_mulier_, a woman.]

MULL, mul, _n._ a muddle or mess.--_v.t._ to break to pieces: to confuse, muddle.

MULL, mul, _n._ a promontory: a horn snuff-box. [Prob. Gael. _maol_.]

MULL, mul, _n._ a soft muslin.--Also MUL'MUL. [Hind.]

MULL, mul, _v.t._ to warm, spice, and sweeten (wine, ale, &c.).--_v.i._ to toil on, moil: to bustle about.--_adj._ MULLED.--_n._ MULL'ER. [M. E. _molde-ale_, a funeral banquet, _molde_, grave earth, and _ale_=feast.]

MULLEN, MULLEIN, mul'en, _n._ any plant of genus _Verbascum_.--Also _Hag-taper_, _Adam's flannel_, _Aaron's rod_, _Shepherd's club_.

MULLER, mul'[.e]r, _n._ a glass pestle for mixing paints: a mechanical pulveriser.

MULLET, mul'et, _n._ a genus of fishes nearly cylindrical in form, highly esteemed for the table. [Fr. _mulet_--L. _mullus_, the red mullet.]

MULLET, mul'et, _n._ the rowel of a spur: (_her._) a five-pointed star--a mark of cadency, indicating the third son. [O. Fr. _molette_--L. _mola_, a mill.]

MULLIGATAWNY, mul-i-ga-taw'ni, _n._ an East Indian curry-soup. [Tamil _milagu-tann[=i]r_, pepper-water.]

MULLIGRUBS, mul'i-grubz, _n._ (_coll._) colic: sulkiness.

MULLION, mul'yun, _n._ an upright division between the lights of windows, between panels, &c.--_v.t._ to shape into divisions by mullions.--_adj._ MULL'IONED. [Same as _munnion_, from Fr. _moignon_, a stump--L. _mancus_, maimed.]

MULLOCK, mul'ok, _n._ rubbish, esp. mining refuse.

MULSE, muls, _n._ sweetened wine. [L. _mulsum_--_mulc[=e]re_, to soothe.]

MULSH, mulsh, _n._ loose material, strawy dung, &c., laid down to protect the roots of plants--also MULCH.--_v.t._ to cover with mulsh.--_adj._ soft.

MULT. See MULTURE.

MULTANGULAR, mult-ang'gul-ar, _adj._ having many angles or corners.--_adv._ MULTANG'ULARLY.--_n._ MULTANG'ULARNESS.

MULTANIMOUS, mul-tan'i-mus, _adj._ having various faculties and powers of mind, many-sided.

MULTARTICULATE, mul-tar-tik'[=u]-l[=a]t, _adj._ many-jointed.--Also MULTIARTIC'ULATE.

MULTEITY, mul-t[=e]'i-ti, _n._ manifoldness, very great numerousness.

MULTIAXIAL, mul-ti-ak'si-al, _adj._ having many axes or lines of growth.

MULTICAMERATE, mul-ti-kam'e-r[=a]t, _adj._ having many chambers or cells.

MULTICAPITATE, mul-ti-kap'i-t[=a]t, _adj._ having many heads.--Also MULTICIP'ITAL.

MULTICAPSULAR, mul-ti-kap's[=u]-lar, _adj._ having many capsules.

MULTICARINATE, mul-ti-kar'i-n[=a]t, _adj._ having many keel-like ridges, as the shells of certain molluscs.

MULTICAULINE, mul-ti-kaw'lin, _adj._ having many stems.

MULTICAVOUS, mul-tik'a-vus, _adj._ having many holes or cavities.

MULTICELLULAR, mul-ti-sel'[=u]-lar, _adj._ having many cells.

MULTICENTRAL, mul-ti-sen'tral, _adj._ having many centres, esp. of organic development.

MULTICHARGE, mul'ti-charj, _adj._ having, or capable of containing, several charges.

MULTICIPITAL, mul-ti-sip'i-tal, _adj._ having many heads, multicapitate.

MULTICOLOUR, mul'ti-kul-ur, _adj._ having many colours--also MUL'TICOLOURED.--_adj._ MULTICOL'OUROUS, of many colours, parti-coloured.

MULTICOSTATE, mul-ti-kos't[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) palmately nerved: (_zool._) having many ribs, ridges, or costæ.

MULTICUSPID, mul-ti-kus'pid, _adj._ having more than two cusps--also MULTICUS'PID[=A]TE.--_n._ a multicuspid tooth.

MULTICYCLE, mul'ti-s[=i]-kl, _n._ a velocipede with more than three wheels, intended to carry several men.

MULTIDENTATE, mul-ti-den't[=a]t, _adj._ having many teeth or tooth-like processes.--_adj._ MULTIDENTIC'ULATE, having many denticulations or fine teeth.

MULTIDIGITATE, mul-ti-dij'i-t[=a]t, _adj._ having many fingers, toes, or digitate processes.

MULTIDIMENSIONAL, mul-ti-di-men'shun-al, _adj._ (_math._) of more than three dimensions.

MULTIFACED, mul'ti-f[=a]st, _adj._ having many faces.

MULTIFARIOUS, mul-ti-f[=a]'ri-us, _adj._ having great diversity: made up of many parts: manifold: (_bot._) in many rows or ranks.--_adv._ MULTIF[=A]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ MULTIF[=A]'RIOUSNESS, the state of being multifarious: multiplied variety: (_law_) the fault of improperly joining in one bill distinct and independent matters, and thereby confounding them. [L. _multus_, many, _varius_, diverse.]

MULTIFID, mul'ti-fid, _adj._ having many fissions or divisions, cleft into many parts, lobes, or segments.--Also MULTIF'IDOUS.

MULTIFLAGELLATE, mul-ti-flaj'e-l[=a]t, _adj._ having many flagella, or whip-like appendages.

MULTIFLOROUS, mul-ti-fl[=o]'rus, _adj._ many-flowered.

MULTIFLUE, mul'ti-fl[=oo], _adj._ having many flues.

MULTIFOIL, mul'ti-foil, _adj._ having more than five foils or arcuate divisions.--_n._ multifoil ornament.

MULTIFOLD, mul'ti-f[=o]ld, _adj._ many times doubled.

MULTIFORM, mul'ti-form, _adj._ having many forms, polymorphic.--_n._ that which is multiform.--_n._ MULTIFORM'ITY.

MULTIGANGLIONATE, mul-ti-gang'gli-on-[=a]t, _adj._ having many ganglia.

MULTIGENERATE, mul-ti-jen'e-r[=a]t, _adj._ generated in many ways.

MULTIGENEROUS, mul-ti-jen'e-rus, _adj._ of many kinds.

MULTIGRANULATE, mul-ti-gran'[=u]-l[=a]t, _adj._ having or consisting of many grains.

MULTIGYRATE, mul-ti-j[=i]'r[=a]t, _adj._ having many convolutions.

MULTIJUGOUS, mul-ti-j[=oo]'gus, _adj._ (_bot._) consisting of many pairs of leaflets.--Also MULTIJU'GATE.

MULTILAMINATE, mul-ti-lam'i-n[=a]t, _adj._ having many layers or laminæ.

MULTILATERAL, mul-ti-lat'[.e]r-al, _adj._ having many sides.

MULTILINEAL, mul-ti-lin'e-al, _adj._ having many lines.--Also MULTILIN'EAR.

MULTILOBATE, mul-ti-l[=o]'b[=a]t, _adj._ having, or consisting of, many lobes.--_adjs._ MUL'TILOBED, having many lobes; MULTILOB'ULAR, having many lobules.

MULTILOCULAR, mul-ti-lok'[=u]-lar, _adj._ having many cells, chambers, or compartments.--Also MULTILOC'ULATE.

MULTILOQUENCE, mul-til'o-kwens, _n._ verbosity.--_adj._ MULTIL'OQUENT--also MULTILOQ'UOUS.

MULTINODAL, mul-ti-n[=o]'dal, _adj._ having many nodes.--Also MULTIN[=O]'DATE, MULTIN[=O]'DOUS.

MULTINOMIAL, mul-ti-n[=o]'mi-al, _adj._ same as _Polynomial_.

MULTINOMINOUS, mul-ti-nom'i-nus, _adj._ having many names or terms.--Also MULTINOM'INAL.

MULTINUCLEATE, mul-ti-n[=u]'kl[=e]-[=a]t, _adj._ having many or several nuclei, as a cell--also MULTIN[=U]'CLEAR, MULTIN[=U]'CLEATED.--_adj._ MULTIN[=U]'CLEOLATE, having many or several nucleoli.

MULTIOVULATE, mul-ti-[=o]'v[=u]-l[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) containing, or bearing, many ovules.

MULTIPARA, mul-tip'a-ra, _n._ a woman who has had two or more children:--opp. to _Primipara_.

MULTIPAROUS, mul-tip'a-rus, _adj._ producing many at a birth.--_n._ MULTIPAR'ITY, plural birth.

MULTIPARTITE, mul-ti-pär't[=i]t, _adj._ divided into many parts.

MULTIPED, mul'ti-ped, _n._ an insect having many feet. [L. _multus_, many, _pes_, _pedis_, foot.]

MULTIPINNATE, mul-ti-pin'[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) many times pinnate.

MULTIPLE, mul'ti-pl, _adj._ having many folds or parts: repeated many times.--_n._ a number or quantity which contains another an exact number of times.--_n._ MUL'TIPLEPOINDING (_Scots law_), a process by which a person who has funds claimed by more than one, in order not to have to pay more than once, brings them all into court that one of them may establish his right.--COMMON MULTIPLE, a number or quantity that can be divided by each of several others without a remainder; LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE, the smallest number that forms a common multiple. [L. _multiplex_--_multus_, many, _plic[=a]re_, to fold.]

MULTIPLY, mul'ti-pl[=i], _v.t._ to fold or increase many times: to make more numerous: to repeat any given number or quantity as often as there are units in another number.--_v.i._ to increase: to perform the arithmetical process of multiplication:--_pr.p._ mul'tiplying; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ mul'tiplied.--_adjs._ MUL'TIPLEX, having many folds: manifold: (_bot._) with petals lying in folds over each other; MULTIPL[=I]'ABLE, MUL'TIPLICABLE, that may be multiplied.--_n._ MUL'TIPLICAND, a number or quantity to be multiplied by another.--_adj._ MUL'TIPLIC[=A]TE, consisting of more than one: (_bot._) multifold.--_n._ MULTIPLIC[=A]'TION, the act of multiplying or increasing in number: the rule or operation by which any given number or quantity is multiplied.--_adj._ MUL'TIPLIC[=A]TIVE, tending to multiply: having the power to multiply.--_ns._ MULTIPLIC'ITY, the state of being multiplied or various: a great number: MUL'TIPLIER, MUL'TIPLIC[=A]TOR, one who, or that which, multiplies or increases the number or quantity by which another is multiplied.--MULTIPLICATION TABLE, a tabular arrangement giving the products of pairs of numbers from 1 to 12.--MULTIPLYING GLASS, lens, a glass, lens, with a number of facets, causing an object to appear multiplied many times. [Fr.,--L. _multiplex._ See MULTIPLE.]

MULTIPOLAR, mul-ti-p[=o]'lar, _adj._ having many poles, as a nerve-cell or dynamo.--_n._ an electro-magnetic machine in which several magnetic poles exist.

MULTIPOTENT, mul-tip'o-tent, _adj._ (_Shak._) having power to do many things. [L. _multus_, many, _potens_, _-entis_, powerful.]

MULTIPRESENCE, mul-ti-prez'ens, _n._ the power of being present in many places at the same time.--_adj._ MULTIPRES'ENT.

MULTIRADIATE, mul-ti-r[=a]'di-[=a]t, _adj._ having many rays, polyactinal.

MULTIRADICATE, mul-ti-rad'i-k[=a]t, _adj._ having many roots.

MULTIRAMIFIED, mul-ti-ram'i-f[=i]d, _adj._ having many branches.--Also MULTIR[=A]'MOUS, MULTIR[=A]'MOSE.

MULTISACCATE, mul-ti-sak'[=a]t, _adj._ having many sacs.

MULTISCIENT, mul-tish'ent, _adj._ knowing many things.

MULTISECT, mul'ti-sekt, _adj._ having many segments.

MULTISEPTATE, mul-ti-sep't[=a]t, _adj._ having many septa or partitions.

MULTISERIAL, mul-ti-s[=e]'ri-al, _adj._ having many series or rows.--Also MULTIS[=E]'RIATE.

MULTISILIQUOUS, mul-ti-sil'i-kwus, _adj._ having many pods or seed-vessels.

MULTISONOUS, mul-tis'[=o]-nus, _adj._ having many sounds, sounding much.

MULTISPIRAL, mul-ti-sp[=i]'ral, _adj._ having many turns or whorls.

MULTISTAMINATE, mul-ti-stam'i-n[=a]t, _adj._ bearing many stamens.

MULTISTRIATE, mul-ti-str[=i]'[=a]t, _adj._ having many striæ, streaks, or stripes.

MULTISULCATE, mul-ti-sul'k[=a]t, _adj._ having many sulci or furrows.

MULTISYLLABLE, mul-ti-sil'a-bl, _n._ a word of many syllables.

MULTITENTACULATE, mul-ti-ten-tak'[=u]-l[=a]t, _adj._ having many tentacles.

MULTITITULAR, mul-ti-tit'[=u]-lar, _adj._ having many titles.

MULTITUBERCULATE, -D, mul-ti-t[=u]-ber'k[=u]-l[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ having many tubercles, as teeth.

MULTITUBULAR, mul-ti-t[=u]'b[=u]-lar, _adj._ having many tubes.

MULTITUDE, mul'ti-t[=u]d, _n._ the state of being many: a great number of individuals: a crowd: the vulgar or common people.--_adjs._ MULTITUD'INARY (_rare_); MULTITUD'INOUS, consisting of, or having the appearance of, a multitude.--_adv._ MULTITUD'INOUSLY.--_n._ MULTITUD'INOUSNESS, the state or quality of being multitudinous. [Fr.,--L. _multitudo_--_multus_, many.]

MULTIVAGOUS, mul-tiv'a-gus, _adj._ wandering much.--Also MULTIV'AGANT.

MULTIVALENT, mut-tiv'a-lent, _adj._ (_chem._) equivalent in combining or displacing power to a number of hydrogen or other monad atoms.--_n._ MULTIV'ALENCE.

MULTIVALVE, mul'ti-valv, _n._ a mollusc having a shell of more than two valves.--_adj._ having many valves--also MULTIVAL'VULAR.

MULTIVERSANT, mul-ti-ver'sant, _adj._ turning into many shapes.

MULTIVIOUS, mul-tiv'i-us, _adj._ having many ways or roads.

MULTIVOCAL, mul-tiv'o-kal, _adj._ ambiguous, equivocal.

MULTIVOLTINE, mul-ti-vol'tin, _adj._ having more than two annual broods--of silkworm moths and their larvæ. [L. _multus_, much, It. _volta_, a turn, winding.]

MULTOCULAR, mul-tok'[=u]-lar, _adj._ having more than two eyes.

MULTUM, mul'tum, _n._ an adulterant compound in brewing of quassia and liquorice.

MULTUNGULATE, mul-tung'g[=u]-l[=a]t, _adj._ having more than two functional hoofs.--_n._ a multungulate mammal.

MULTURE, mul't[=u]r, _n._ a grinding of grain, or the grain ground: the toll paid to a miller for grinding, generally in kind: the percentage of ore paid to a pulverising-mill by those using it.--_v.t._ MULT, to take toll from for grinding corn.--_n._ MUL'TURER. [O. Fr.,--L. _molitura_, a grinding.]

MUM, mum, _adj._ silent.--_n._ silence.--_interj._ be silent!--_interj._ MUM'-BUD'GET, an exclamation enjoining silence.--_n._ MUM'CHANCE, a silent game with cards or dice: a fool.--_adj._ silent. [Cf. L. and Gr. _mu_, the least possible sound made with the lips: imit.]

MUM, mum, _n._ a peculiar kind of beer made of wheat-malt, to which some brewers add oat and bean meal. [Ger. _mumme_, from a personal name.]

MUMBLE, mum'bl, _v.i._ to speak indistinctly: to chew softly: to eat with the lips close.--_v.t._ to utter indistinctly or imperfectly: to mouth gently.--_ns._ MUM'BLEMENT, mumbling speech; MUM'BLE-NEWS (_Shak._), a tale-bearer; MUM'BLER, one who mumbles or speaks with a low, indistinct voice.--_adj._ MUM'BLING, uttered with a low, indistinct voice: chewing softly.--_adv._ MUM'BLINGLY. [Cf. _Mum_.]

MUMBO-JUMBO, mum'b[=o]-jum'b[=o], _n._ a god worshipped by certain negro tribes in Africa: any object of foolish worship or fear.

MUMM, mum, _v.t._ to mask: to make diversion with a mask on.--_ns._ MUMM'ER, one who makes sport in disguise: a masker: a buffoon; MUMM'ERY, sport with a mask on or in disguise: great show without reality; MUMM'ING, the sports of mummers.--_adj._ pertaining to the sports of mummers.--_n._ MUMM'OCK, an old ragged coat. [O. Fr. _momer_--Old Dut. _mommen_, to mask, _mom_, a mask, prob. originating in the word _mum_, used to frighten children while covering the face.]

MUMMY, mum'i, _n._ a human body preserved by the Egyptian art of embalming, in which wax, spices, &c. were employed: a kind of wax used in grafting: a brown pigment: (_obs._) a medicinal gum.--_v.t._ to embalm and dry as a mummy:--_pr.p._ mumm'ying; _pa.p._ mumm'ied.--_n._ MUMMIFIC[=A]'TION.--_adj._ MUMM'IFORM.--_v.t._ MUMM'IFY, to make into a mummy: to embalm and dry as a mummy:--_pr.p._ mumm'ifying; _pa.p._ mumm'ified.--_ns._ MUMM'Y-CASE, a case of wood or cartonnage for an Egyptian mummy; MUNNY-CLOTH, the linen cloth in which a mummy was wrapped: a modern fabric resembling it, used as a basis for embroidery: a fabric like crape for mourning-dress, having a cotton or silk warp and woollen weft; MUMM'Y-WHEAT, a variety of wheat with compound spikes--_Triticum compositum_. [O. Fr. _mumie_--It. _mummia_--Ar. and Pers. _múmáyin_, a mummy--Pers. _móm_, wax.]

MUMP, mump, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to mumble, mutter, or move the lips with the mouth almost closed: to nibble: to cheat: to play the beggar.--_ns._ MUMP'ER, one who mumps: an old cant term for a beggar; MUMP'ING-DAY, St Thomas's Day, 21st Dec.--_adj._ MUMP'ISH, having mumps: dull: sullen.--_adv._ MUMP'ISHLY.--_n._ MUMP'ISHNESS.--_n._ MUMPS, a contagious non-suppurative inflammation of the parotid and sometimes of the other salivary glands: gloomy silence. [Form of _mum_.]

MUMPSIMUS, mump'si-mus, _n._ an error to which one clings after it has been thoroughly exposed. [Corr. of L. _sumpsimus_, in the mass, by an ignorant priest who refused to correct it.]

MUN, mun, _n._ a provincial form of _man_.

MUNCH, munsh, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to chew with shut mouth.--_n._ MUNCH'ER, one who munches.

MUNDANE, mun'd[=a]n, _adj._ belonging to the world: terrestrial.--_adv._ MUN'DANELY.--_n._ MUNDAN'ITY. [Fr.,--L. _mundanus_--_mundus_, the world.]

MUNDIFY, mun'di-f[=i], _v.t._ to cleanse, purify.--_adjs._ MUN'DATORY, cleansing; MUNDIF'ICANT, cleansing.--_n._ a cleansing ointment or plaster.--_n._ MUNDIFIC[=A]'TION.--_adj._ MUN'DIFIC[=A]TIVE. [Fr. _mondifier_--Low L. _mundific[=a]re_--L. _mundus_, clean, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

MUNDIVAGANT, mun-div'a-gant, _adj._ wandering over the world.

MUNERARY, m[=u]'ne-r[=a]-ri, _adj._ of the nature of a gift.

MUNGO, mung'g[=o], _n._ the waste produced in a woollen-mill from hard spun or felted cloth, or from tearing up old clothes, used in making cheap cloth.

MUNGOOSE, same as MONGOOSE.

MUNICIPAL, m[=u]-nis'i-pal, _adj._ pertaining to a corporation or city.--_n._ MUNICIPALIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ MUNIC'IPALISE.--_ns._ MUNIC'IPALISM; MUNICIPAL'ITY, a town or city possessed of self-government: a district governed like a city: in France, a division of the country.--_adv._ MUNIC'IPALLY. [Fr.,--L. _municipalis_--_municipium_, a free town--_munia_, official duties, _cap[)e]re_, to take.]

MUNIFICENCE, m[=u]-nif'i-sens, _n._ (_Spens._) fortification, means of defence. [L. _mun[=i]re_, to fortify.]

MUNIFICENCE, m[=u]-nif'i-sens, _n._ quality of being munificent: bountifulness.--_adj._ MUNIF'ICENT, very liberal in giving: generous: bountiful.--_adv._ MUNIF'ICENTLY. [Fr.,--L. _munificentia_--_munus_, a present, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

MUNIMENT, m[=u]'ni-ment, _n._ that which fortifies: that which defends: a stronghold: place or means of defence: defence: (_law_) a record fortifying or making good a claim, title-deeds, or charters--preserved in _Muniment chests_, _rooms_, or _houses_: any article carefully preserved for its interest or value.--_p.adj._ MUN'ITING (_Bacon_), fortifying, strengthening.--_n._ MUNI'TION, materials used in war: military stores of all kinds: (_B._) stronghold, fortress. [Fr.,--L. _munimentum_, from _mun[=i]re_, _-itum_, to fortify--_mænia_, walls.]

MUNNION, mun'yun. Same as MULLION.

MURÆNA, m[=u]-r[=e]'na, _n._ the typical genus of _Murænidæ_, a family of eels, now limited to the European murry or moray (q.v.). [Gr. _muraina_, a lamprey.]

MURAL, m[=u]'ral, _adj._ pertaining to, or like, a wall: steep: trained against a wall, as plants.--MURAL CIRCLE, a large circle marked with degrees, &c., fixed to a wall, for measuring arcs of the meridian; MURAL CROWN, a crown of gold to imitate a battlement, given among the ancient Romans to him who first mounted the wall of a besieged city; MURAL PAINTING, a painting executed, especially in distemper colours, upon the wall of a building. [Fr.,--L. _muralis_, from _murus_, a wall.]

MURATORIAN, m[=u]-ra-t[=o]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to the Italian scholar Lodovico Antonio _Muratori_ (1672-1750).--MURATORIAN FRAGMENT or CANON, a list of the New Testament writings, apparently drawn up by a contemporary of Irenæus, about 170 A.D., edited by Muratori. It counts four Gospels, Acts, thirteen Pauline epistles (excluding Hebrews), 1 John, then Jude; 2 and 3 John are reckoned among catholic epistles. The Apocalypse is included.

MURDER, mur'd[.e]r, _n._ the act of putting a person to death, intentionally and from malice.--_v.t._ to commit murder: to destroy: to put an end to.--_n._ MUR'DERER, one who murders, or is guilty of murder:--_fem._ MUR'DERESS.--_adj._ MUR'DEROUS, guilty of murder: consisting in, or fond of, murder: bloody: cruel.--_adv._ MUR'DEROUSLY.--_n._ MUR'DRESS, a battlement with interstices for firing through.--MURDER IN THE FIRST DEGREE, murder with deliberation and premeditation, or that committed in the furtherance of any arson, rape, robbery, or burglary--IN THE SECOND DEGREE, murder of all other kinds; MURDER WILL OUT, murder cannot remain hidden. [A.S. _morthor_--_morth_, death; Ger. _mord_, Goth. _maurthr_; cf. L. _mors_, _mortis_, death.]

MURE, m[=u]r, _n._ (_Shak._) a wall.--_v.t._ to enclose in walls: to immure. [Fr. _mur_--L. _murus_, a wall.]

MUREX, m[=u]'reks, _n._ a shellfish from which the Tyrian purple dye was obtained:--_pl._ M[=U]'REXES, M[=U]'RICES. [L.]

MURGEON, mur'jon, _n._ (_Scot._) a grimace. [Cf. Fr. _morgue_, a wry face.]

MURIATIC, m[=u]-ri-at'ik, _adj._ pertaining to, or obtained from, sea-salt.--_n._ M[=U]'RIATE, a salt composed of muriatic acid and a base.--_adj._ MURIATIF'EROUS. [L. _muriaticus_--_muria_, brine.]

MURICATE, -D, m[=u]'ri-k[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ (_bot._) armed with sharp points or prickles. [L. _muricatus_, from _murex_, _muricis_, a pointed stone.]

MURIFORM, m[=u]'riform, _adj._ (_bot._) resembling the bricks in a wall. [L. _murus_, a wall, _forma_, shape.]

MURKY, murk'i, _adj._ dark: obscure: gloomy.--_adv._ MURK'ILY.--_n._ MURK'INESS--(_Shak._) MURK.--_adjs._ MURK'SOME, MIRK'SOME (_Spens._), darksome. [A.S. _murc_; Ice. _myrkr_, Dan. and Sw. _mörk_.]

MURMUR, mur'mur, _n._ a low, indistinct sound, like that of running water: a complaint in a low, muttering voice.--_v.i._ to utter a murmur: to grumble:--_pr.p._ mur'muring; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ mur'mured.--_n._ MUR'MURER.--_adj._ MUR'MURING, making a low continuous noise.--_adv._ MUR'MURINGLY, with a low murmuring sound: in a murmuring manner.--_adj._ MUR'MUROUS, attended with murmurs: exciting murmur.--_adv._ MUR'MUROUSLY. [Fr.,--L.; imit.]

MURPHY, mur'fi, _n._ (_coll._) a potato:--_pl._ MUR'PHIES (-fiz). [From the common Irish name _Murphy_.]

MURRA, mur'a, _n._ an ornamental stone for vases, &c., described by Pliny, most probably fluor-spar; it was first brought to Rome by Pompey, 61 B.C.--_adjs._ MURR'HINE, MURR'INE, MYRR'HINE.

MURRAIN, mur'r[=a]n, or -'rin, _n._ an infectious and fatal disease among cattle, esp. foot-and-mouth disease.--_n._ MUR'REN (_Milt._). [O. Fr. _morine_, a carcass--L. _mori_, to die. See MORTAL.]

MURREY, mur'i, _adj._ dark red or reddish brown, of mulberry colour.

MURRY, same as MORAY (q.v.).

MURTHER, MURTHERER=MURDER, MURDERER.

MUSACEOUS, m[=u]-z[=a]'shus, _adj._ relating to an order of plants, of which the genus M[=U]'SA is the type, the banana or plantain family.

MUSANG, m[=u]-sang', _n._ a paradoxure, or a related civet, esp. the East Indian coffee-rat. [Malay.]

MUSCA, mus'kä, _n._ a genus of insects, including the house-fly, &c.--_n._ MUSCAT[=O]'RIUM, a flabellum.--MUSCÆ VOLITANTES, ocular spectra like floating black spots before the eyes. [L. _musca_.]

MUSCADEL, mus'ka-del, _n._ a rich, spicy wine: also the grape producing it: a fragrant and delicious pear--also MUS'CADINE, MUS'CAT, MUS'CATEL.--_n.pl._ MUS'CATELS, sun-dried raisins. [O. Fr.,--It. _moscadello_, dim. of _muscato_--L. _muscus_, musk.]

MUSCADIN, müs-ka-dang', _n._ a fop or dandy. [Fr.]

MUSCARDINE, mus'kar-din, _n._ a fungus destructive to silkworms, also the disease caused by it. [Fr.]

MUSCARDINE, mus'kar-din, _n._ a dormouse. [Fr.]

MUSCHELKALK, mush'el-kalk, _n._ the middle member of the Triassic system as developed in Germany, consisting chiefly of limestone--wanting in Britain. [Ger. _muschel_, shell, _kalk_, lime.]

MUSCHETOR, mus'che-tor, _n._ (_her._) a black spot like an ermine spot, but without its three specks.--Also MUS'CHETOUR. [O. Fr.,--L. _musca_, a fly.]

MUSCLE, mus'l, _n._ an animal tissue consisting of bundles of fibres through whose contractility bodily movement is effected, the fibres of the _voluntary_ muscles being striped, those of the _involuntary_ (of intestinal canal, blood-vessels, and of skin) unstriped.--_adj._ MUS'CLED, supplied with muscles.--_ns._ MUS'CLE-READ'ING, the interpretation of slight involuntary muscular movements; MUS'CLING, the delineation of muscles, as in a picture; MUSCUL[=A]'TION, the arrangement of muscles of a body; MUSCULOS'ITY.--_adj._ MUS'CULOUS, pertaining to muscle: full of muscles, strong. [Fr.,--L. _musculus_, dim. of _mus_, a mouse, a muscle.]

MUSCOID, mus'koid, _adj._ (_bot._) moss-like.--_n._ a moss-like, flowerless plant.--_ns._ MUSCOL'OGIST, one skilled in muscology; MUSCOL'OGY, the part of botany which treats of mosses; MUSCOS'ITY, mossiness. [L. _muscus_, moss, Gr. _eidos_, form.]

MUSCOVADO, mus-k[=o]-v[=a]'do, _n._ the moist, dark-coloured impure sugar left after evaporating the juice from the sugar-cane and draining off the molasses, unrefined sugar. [Sp. _moscabado_.]

MUSCOVITE, mus'co-v[=i]t, _n._ a native or an inhabitant of _Moscow_, or of Russia: the desman or Muscovitic rat: (_min._) potash mica, a silicate of alumina and potash, yellowish, brownish, or greenish, with pearly or almost metallic lustre, its thin transparent plates still used as glass--also MUSCOVY GLASS.--_adj._ of or pertaining to Moscow or to Russia--also MUSCOVIT'IC.--_n._ MUS'COVY-DUCK (see MUSK).

MUSCULAR, mus'k[=u]-lar, _adj._ pertaining to a muscle: consisting of muscles: having strong muscles: brawny: strong: vigorous.--_n._ MUSCULAR'ITY, state of being muscular.--_adv._ MUS'CULARLY.--_adjs._ MUSCULOCUT[=A]'NEOUS, muscular and cutaneous--of certain nerves; MUS'CULOUS, sinewy.--MUSCULAR CHRISTIANITY, a phrase humorously applied to that vigorous combination of Christian living with devotion to athletic enjoyments associated with Charles Kingsley and his admirers (the name was, however, repudiated by him); MUSCULAR EXCITABILITY, the contracting property of a muscle; MUSCULAR PILE, a voltaic battery employed in biological experiments; MUSCULAR SYSTEM, the whole of the muscular tissue of a body.

MUSE, m[=u]z, _v.i._ to study in silence: to be absent-minded: to meditate.--_n._ deep thought: contemplation: absence of mind: the inspiring power, as of a poet.--_adj._ MUSED, bemused, muzzy, fuddled.--_n._ MUS'ER.--_adv._ MUS'INGLY. [Fr. _muser_, to loiter (It. _musare_); acc. to Diez and Skeat, from O. Fr. _muse_ (Fr. _museau_), the snout of an animal. Others explain Fr. _muser_ as from Low L. _muss[=a]re_--L. _muss[=a]re_, to murmur.]

MUSE, m[=u]z, _n._ one of the nine goddesses of poetry, music, and the other liberal arts--daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne: an inspiring poetic inspiration: (_Milt._) an inspired poet.--Names of the Muses:--CALLIOPE, of epic poetry; CLIO, of history; ERATO, of amatory poetry; EUTERPE, of lyric poetry; MELPOMENE, of tragedy; POLYHYMNIA, of lyric poetry and eloquence; TERPSICHORE, of dancing; THALIA, of comedy; URANIA, of astronomy. [Fr.,--L. _musa_--Gr. _mousa_.]

MUSET, m[=u]z'et, _n._ (_Shak._) a gap in a fence or thicket through which an animal passes.

MUSETTE, m[=u]-zet', _n._ a small oboe: an old French bagpipe: a simple pastoral melody.

MUSEUM, m[=u]-z[=e]'um, _n._ a collection of natural, scientific, or other curiosities, or of works of art.--_ns._ MUSEOL'OGY, the science of arranging--MUSEOG'RAPHY, of describing, museums. [L.,--Gr. _mouseion_; cf. _Muse_.]

MUSH, mush, _n._ meal boiled in water, esp. Indian meal: anything pulpy.--_adj._ MUSH'Y, soft, pulpy. [Prob. _mash_.]

MUSH, mush, _v.t._ to notch, a dress-fabric ornamentally at the side with a stamp. [Prob. a form of _mesh_.]

MUSHED, musht, _adj._ (_prov._) worn out, exhausted.

MUSHROOM, mush'r[=oo]m, _n._ the common name of certain fungi, esp. such as are edible: (_fig._) one who rises suddenly from a low condition: an upstart.--_n._ Mush'ROOM-SPAWN, the substance in which the reproductive mycelium of the mushroom is embodied. [O. Fr. _mousseron_, through _mousse_, moss--Old High Ger. _mos_ (Ger. _moos_, moss).]

MUSIC, m[=u]'zik, _n._ a connected series of sweet sounds: melody or harmony: the science which treats of harmony: the art of combining sounds so as to please the ear: a musical composition: (_U.S._) heated argument, also amusement.--_adj._ M[=U]'SICAL, pertaining to, or producing, music: pleasing to the ear: melodious.--_adv._ M[=U]'SICALLLY.--_ns._ M[=U]'SICALNESS; M[=U]'SIC-CASE, -F[=O]'LIO, -HOLD'ER, &c., a roll, cabinet, &c. for carrying sheet music; M[=U]'SIC-DEMY', a size of writing-paper, 20¾ in. × 14-3/8 in.; M[=U]'SIC-HALL, a public hall for musical entertainments, esp. when varied by dancing, variety performances, &c., often with concomitant smoking and drinking; M[=U]'SIC-HOUSE, a place for public musical entertainments: a firm dealing in music or musical instruments; MUSI'CIAN, one skilled in music: a performer of music--(_obs._) MUSI'CIANER.--_adv._ MUSI'CIANLY.--_ns._ MUSI'CIANSHIP; M[=U]'SIC-MAS'TER, or -MIS'TRESS, a man or a woman who teaches music; M[=U]'SIC-OF-THE-SPHERES (see HARMONY); M[=U]'SIC-P[=A]'PER, paper ruled with staffs for writing music in; M[=U]'SIC-PEN, a pen marking at once a series of fine parallel lines for music; M[=U]'SIC-RACK, a rack attached to a musical instrument for holding the player's music; M[=U]'SIC-RECORD'ER, a device for recording music as played on an organ, pianoforte, &c.; M[=U]'SIC-SCHOOL, a place where music is regularly taught, a conservatory; M[=U]'SIC-SHELL, a Gasteropod of the Caribbean Sea, marked with figures like printed music; M[=U]'SIC-STAND, a music-rack: a raised platform for a musical band; M[=U]'SIC-STOOL, a stool or chair, generally adjustable in height, for the performer on the pianoforte, &c.; M[=U]'SIC-WIRE, wire such as the strings of musical instruments are made of.--MUSIC (-AL) BOX, a case containing a mechanism contrived, when the spring is wound up, to reproduce melodies; MUSIC CLUB, a meeting for practising music.--MUSICAL DIRECTOR, the conductor of an orchestra, &c.; MUSICAL GLASSES (see HARMONICA, under HARMONIUM). [Fr. _musique_--L. _musica_--Gr. _mousik[=e]_ (_techn[=e]_, art), _mousa_, a muse.]

MUSIMON, m[=u]'si-mon, _n._ the moufflon.--Also MUS'MON.

MUSING, m[=u]z'ing, _n._ the act of one who muses: contemplation: meditation.--_adj._ meditative, preoccupied.--_adv._ MUS'INGLY.

MUSIVE, m[=u]'siv, _adj._ Same as MOSAIC.

MUSK, musk, _n._ a strong perfume, obtained from the male musk-deer, or the odour thereof: a hornless deer, in Tibet and Nepaul, yielding musk.--_v.t._ to perfume with musk.--_ns._ MUSK (_bot._), a name given to a number of plants which smell more or less strongly of musk; MUSK'-BAG, -BALL, a bag, ball, containing musk as a perfuming sachet; MUSK'-CAT, a civet-cat: a scented effeminate dandy; MUSK'-C[=A]V'Y, a West Indian echimyine rat-like rodent; MUSK'-DEER, a hornless deer, native of Central Asia, which produces the perfume called musk; MUSK'-DUCK, the Muscovy-duck, so called from its musky odour; MUSK'-GLAND, a skin-pit in mammals producing a secretion with a musky odour, esp. in the male musk-deer and male beaver.--_adv._ MUSK'ILY.--_ns._ MUSK'INESS; MUSK'-MALL'OW, an ornamental species of mallow, with faint odour of musk; MUSK'-MELON, the juicy edible fruit of a trailing herb (_Cucumis melo_), or the plant; MUSK'-OX, a ruminant of arctic America, with long smooth hair, its horns meeting in a shield over the forehead, exhaling a strong musky smell; MUSK'-PEAR, a fragrant variety of pear; MUSK'-PLUM, a fragrant kind of plum; MUSK'-RAT, a North American aquatic, arvicoline, rat-like rodent, yielding a valuable fur, and secreting in its gland a substance with a musky smell--also MUS'QUASH; MUSK'-ROSE, a fragrant species of rose.--_adj._ MUSK'Y, having the odour of musk. [Fr. _musc_--L. _muscus_, Gr. _moschos_--Pers. _musk_--Sans. _mushka_, a testicle.]

MUSKET, mus'ket, _n._ any kind of smooth-bore military hand-gun: a male sparrow-hawk.--_ns._ MUSKETEER', a soldier armed with a musket; MUSKETOON', MUSQUETOON', a short musket: one armed with a musketoon.--_adj._ MUS'KET-PROOF, capable of resisting the force of a musket-ball.--_ns._ MUS'KET-REST, a fork used as a support for the heavy 16th-century musket--also _Croc_; MUS'KETRY, muskets in general; practice with muskets: a body of troops armed with muskets; MUS'KET-SHOT, the discharge of a musket, the reach of a musket. [O. Fr. _mousquet_, a musket, formerly a hawk--It. _mosquetto_--L. _musca_, a fly.]

MUSLIM, mus'lim, _n._ and _adj._ Same as MOSLEM.

MUSLIN, muz'lin, _n._ a fine soft cotton fabric resembling gauze in appearance, but woven plain without any looping of the warp threads on the weft--generally uncoloured: a coarser fabric than Indian muslin, printed with coloured patterns, &c.: (_U.S._) cotton cloth for shirts, bedding, &c.: a collector's name for several different moths.--_adj._ made of muslin.--_adj._ MUS'LINED, clothed with muslin.--_ns._ MUS'LINET, a coarse kind of muslin; MUS'LIN-KALE (_Scot._), thin broth made without meat. [Fr. _mousseline_--It. _mussolino_, from _Mosul_ in Mesopotamia.]

MUSQUASH, mus'kwosh, _n._ the musk-rat. [Am. Ind.]

MUSROLE, muz'r[=o]l, _n._ the nose-band of a horse's bridle.

MUSS, mus, _n._ (_Shak._) a scramble: confusion, disorder.--_v.t._ (_U.S._) to throw into confusion. [O. Fr. _mousche_, a fly--L. _musca_, a fly.]

MUSSEL, MUSCLE, mus'l, _n._ a. marine bivalve shellfish, used for food.--_n._ MUS'C[=U]LITE, a petrified mussel or shell. [A.S. _muxle_; Ger. _muschel_, Fr. _moule_; all from L. _musculus_.]

MUSSITATION, mus-i-t[=a]'shun, _n._ the movement of the tongue or lips as if in speech, without producing articulate sounds, muttering.--_v.t._ MUSS'ITATE, to mutter.

MUSSULMAN, mus'ul-man, _n._ a Moslem or Mohammedan:--_pl._ MUSS'ULMANS (-manz). [Turk. _musulm[=a]n_--Ar. _muslim_, _moslim_, Moslem.]

MUSSY, mus'i, _adj._ disordered.--_n._ MUSS'INESS.

MUST, must, _v.i._ to be obliged physically or morally. [A.S. _mót_, _móste_; Ger. _müssen_.]

MUST, must, _n._ wine pressed from the grape, but not fermented: potato-pulp prepared for fermentation. [A.S. _must_--L. _mustus_, new, fresh.]

MUST, must, _n._ an occasional state of dangerous frenzy in adult male elephants.

MUSTACHE. Same as MOUSTACHE.

MUSTANG, mus'tang, _n._ the wild horse of the American prairies: (_U.S._) a naval officer from the merchant service in the Civil War.

MUSTARD, mus'tard, _n._ a plant of the genus Brassica, formerly classed as Sinapis, having a pungent taste: the seed thereof ground and used as a seasoning for meat, as a plaster, &c.--FRENCH MUSTARD, mustard prepared for table by adding salt, sugar, vinegar, &c.; WILD MUSTARD, the charlock. [O. Fr. _mostarde_ (Fr. _moutarde_)--L. _mustum_, must.]

MUSTELA, mus-t[=e]'la, _n._ the typical genus of _Mustelidæ_, the martens and sables.--_adj._ MUS'TELINE, like a marten or weasel: tawny in colour.--_n._ a musteline mammal.--_adj._ MUS'TELOID, like a weasel. [L.]

MUSTER, mus't[.e]r, _v.t._ to assemble, as troops for duty or inspection: to gather, summon (with _up_).--_v.i._ to be gathered together, as troops.--_n._ an assembling of troops: a register of troops mustered: assemblage: collected show.--_ns._ MUS'TER-BOOK (_Shak._), a book in which military forces are registered; MUS'TER-FILE (_Shak._), a muster-roll; MUS'TER-MAS'TER, the master of the muster, or who takes an account of troops, their arms, &c.; MUS'TER-ROLL, a register of the officers and men in each company, troop, or regiment present at the time of muster.--PASS MUSTER, to pass inspection uncensured. [O. Fr. _mostre_, _monstre_--L. _monstrum_--_mon[=e]re_, to warn.]

MUSTY, must'i, _adj._ mouldy: spoiled by damp: sour: foul.--_adv._ MUST'ILY.--_n._ MUST'INESS. [Doublet of _moisty_--L. _musteus_, new.]

MUTABLE, m[=u]'ta-bl, _adj._ that may be changed: subject to change: inconstant.--_ns._ MUTABIL'ITY, M[=U]'TABLENESS, state or quality of being mutable.--_adv._ M[=U]'TABLY.--_n._ MUTAN'DUM, something to be altered:--_pl._ MUTAN'DA.--_v.t._ M[=U]'TATE, to change a vowel-sound by the influence of a vowel in the following syllable.--_n._ MUT[=A]'TION, act or process of changing a vowel through the influence of one in the next syllable--the German _umlaut_: change: succession.--_adjs._ M[=U]'TATIVE, M[=U]'T[=A]TORY, changing, mutable. [Fr.,--L. _mutabilis_--_mut[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to change--_mov[=e]re_, _motum_, to move.]

MUTAGE, m[=u]'t[=a]j, _n._ a process for arresting fermentation in the must of grapes. [Fr.]

MUTCH, much, _n._ (_Scot._) a woman's cap. [Old Dut. _mutse_; Dut. _muts_, Ger. _mütze_.]

MUTCHKIN, much'kin, _n._ a Scottish liquid measure of four gills, or forming one-fourth of a Scottish pint. [Scot. _mutch_, a cap, _kin_, little.]

MUTE, m[=u]t, _adj._ incapable of speaking: dumb: silent: unpronounced.--_n._ one dumb, or remaining silent: a person stationed by undertakers at the door of a house at a funeral: a stopped sound, formed by the shutting of the mouth-organs, esp. the surds _t_, _p_, _k_, but also applied to the sonant or voiced consonants _d_, _b_, _g_, and even the nasals _n_, _m_, _ng_: (_law_) one who refuses to plead.--_v.t._ to deaden sound.--_adv._ MUTE'LY.--_n._ MUTE'NESS. [Fr.,--L. _mutus_.]

MUTE, m[=u]t, _v.i._ to dung, as birds. [O. Fr. _mutir_, _esmeutir_--Old Dut. _smelten_, to smelt.]

MUTILATE, m[=u]'ti-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to maim: to cut off: to remove a material part of.--_ns._ MUTIL[=A]'TION, act of mutilating: deprivation of a limb or essential part; M[=U]'TILATOR, one who mutilates. [L. _mutil[=a]re_--_mutilus_--Gr. _mutilos_, _mitulos_, curtailed.]

MUTINEER, m[=u]-ti-n[=e]r', _n._ one guilty of mutiny.--_v.i._ to mutiny.--_n._ and _v.i._ M[=U]'TINE (_Shak._).

MUTINY, m[=u]'ti-ni, _v.i._ to rise against authority in military or naval service: to revolt against rightful authority:--_pr.p._ m[=u]'tinying; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ m[=u]'tinied.--_n._ insurrection against constituted authority, esp. naval or military: revolt, tumult, strife.--_adj._ M[=U]'TINOUS, disposed to mutiny: seditious.--_adv._ M[=U]'TINOUSLY.--_n._ M[=U]'TINOUSNESS.--MUTINY ACT, an act passed by the British parliament from year to year, to regulate the government of the army, from 1689 down to 1879, when it was superseded by the Army Discipline and Regulation Act, modified by the Army Act of 1881. [O. Fr. _mutiner_, _mutin_, riotous, _meute_, a sedition--L. _motus_, rising--_mov[=e]re_, _motum_, to move.]

MUTISM, m[=u]t'izm, _n._ the state or habit of being mute.

MUTTER, mut'[.e]r, _v.i._ to utter words in a low voice: to murmur: to sound with a low, rumbling noise.--_v.t._ to utter indistinctly.--_ns._ MUTT'ER (_Milt._), a murmuring; MUTTER[=A]'TION, act of muttering or complaining; MUTT'ERER; MUTT'ERING.--_adv._ MUTT'ERINGLY, in a muttering or grumbling manner: with indistinct articulation. [Prob. imit., like prov. Ger. _mustern_; L. _mutt[=i]re_.]

MUTTON, mut'n, _n._ the flesh of sheep: an old Anglo-French gold coin impressed with a lamb: (_slang_) a loose woman, hence illicit commerce: a sheep.--_n._ MUTT'ON-CHOP, a rib of mutton chopped at the small end for broiling or frying.--_adj._ like a mutton-chop (of whiskers cut round at the ends).--_ns._ MUTT'ON-CUT'LET, a steak cut usually from a leg of mutton for broiling or frying; MUTT'ON-FIST, a coarse, big hand; MUTT'ON-HAM, a salted leg of mutton; MUTT'ON-HEAD, a heavy, stupid person.--_adj._ MUTT'ON-HEAD'ED, stupid.--_ns._ MUTT'ON-S[=U]'ET, the fat about the kidneys and loins of sheep; MUTT'ON-THUMP'ER, a clumsy bookbinder.--_adj._ MUTT'ONY.--Laced mutton (_Shak._), a loose woman; RETURN TO ONE'S MUTTONS (_coll._), to return to the subject of discussion--a humorous mistranslation of the Fr. proverb, 'Revenons à nos moutons.' [O. Fr. _moton_ (Fr. _mouton_), a sheep--Low L. _multo_, acc. to Diez, from L. _mutilus_, mutilated.]

MUTUAL, m[=u]'t[=u]-al, _adj._ interchanged: in return: given and received, equally affecting two or more: common, conjoint, shared alike, as in 'mutual friend.'--_ns._ M[=U]'TUALISM, MUTUAL'ITY.--_adv._ M[=U]'TUALLY.--MUTUAL ACCOUNTS, accounts in which each of two have charges against the other; MUTUAL INSURANCE, a reciprocal contract among several persons to indemnify each other against certain designated losses, the system of a company in which policy-holders receive a certain share of the profits, &c.; MUTUAL WALL, a wall equally belonging to each of two houses. [Fr. _mutuel_--L. _mutuus_--_mut[=a]re_, to change.]

MUTULE, m[=u]t'[=u]l, _n._ a kind of square, flat bracket used in the Doric order of architecture, above each triglyph and each metope, having round projections like nail-heads on the lower surface.

MUTUUM, m[=u]'t[=u]-um, _n._ a bailment consisting of a loan of goods for consumption, as corn, coal, &c., to be returned in goods of the same amount.

MUX, muks, _v.t._ to spoil, botch.--_n._ a mess.

MUZHIK, m[=oo]-zhik', _n._ a Russian peasant.

MUZZLE, muz'l, _n._ the projecting jaws and nose of an animal: a fastening for the mouth to prevent biting, by a strap or a cage: the extreme end of a gun, &c.--_v.t._ to put a muzzle on: to restrain from biting: to keep from hurting: to gag or silence.--_ns._ MUZZ'LE-BAG, a canvas bag fixed to the muzzle of a gun at sea, to keep out water; MUZZ'LE-LOAD'ER, a firearm loaded through the muzzle--opp. to _Breech-loader_.--_adj._ MUZZ'LE-LOAD'ING.--_n._ MUZZ'LE-VELOC'ITY, the velocity of a projectile the moment it leaves the muzzle of a gun. [O. Fr. _musel_ (Fr. _museau_), prob. from L. _morsus_--_mord[=e]re_, to bite.]

MUZZY, muz'i, _adj._ dazed, bewildered, tipsy.--_n._ MUZZ'INESS.

MY, (when emphatic or distinct) m[=i], (otherwise) me, _poss. adj._ belonging to me. [Contr. of _mine_, A.S. _mín_, of me.]

MYA, m[=i]'a, _n._ a genus of bivalve shells: a clam of this genus.--_n._ MY[=A]'RIA, an old name for the _Myidæ_, a family of dimyarian bivalves.--_adj._ MY[=A]'RIAN. [Gr. _myax_, a sea-mussel.]

MYALGIA, m[=i]-al'ji-a, _n._ a morbid state of a muscle.--_adj._ MYAL'GIC. [Gr. _mys_, muscle, _algos_, pain.]

MYALL, m[=i]'al, _n._ a hard, scented wood yielded by several Australian acacias, esp. good for tobacco-pipes and whip-handles.

MYCELIUM, m[=i]-s[=e]'li-um, _n._ the white thread-like parts from which a mushroom or a fungus is developed: mushroom spawn:--_pl._ MYC[=E]'LIA. [Gr. _myk[=e]s_, a fungus, _[=e]los_, a nail or wart.]

MYCETES, m[=i]-s[=e]'t[=e]z, _n._ a kind of South American monkey, called also _Howlers._ [Gr. _myk[=e]t[=e]s_, bellower.]

MYCETES, m[=i]-s[=e]'t[=e]z, _n.pl._ mushrooms or fungi.--_ns._ MYCETOL'OGY (same as MYCOLOGY); MYCET[=O]'MA, a chronic disease of the feet and hands in India.--_n.pl._ MYCETOZ[=O]'A, a group of fungus-like organisms, now mostly contained in the division Myxomycetes or slime-fungi.--_adjs._ MYCOLOG'IC, -AL.--_ns._ MYCOL'OGIST; MYCOL'OGY, the science treating of the fungi or mushrooms; MYCOPH'AGIST; MYCOPH'AGY, the eating of fungi; MY'COSE, a kind of sugar obtained from certain lichens and fungi, as ergot of rye--also _Trehalose_; MYC[=O]'SIS, the presence of fungus growth within the body.--_adj._ MYCOT'IC. [Gr. _myk[=e]t[=e]s_, pl. of _myk[=e]s_ a mushroom.]

MYDRIASIS, mi-dr[=i]'a-sis, _n._ morbid dilatation of the pupil of the eye.--_adj._ MYDRIAT'IC.--_n._ a drug causing this.

MYELITIS, m[=i]-e-l[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of the substance of the spinal cord.--_ns._ MYELASTHEN[=I]'A, spinal exhaustion; MYELATR[=O]'PHIA, atrophy of the spinal cord.--_adjs._ MYELIT'IC, MY'ELOID, medullary.--_ns._ MYELOMAL[=A]'CIA, softening of the spinal cord; MYELOMENING[=I]'TIS, spinal meningitis; MY'ELON, the spinal cord.--_adjs._ MY'ELONAL, MYELON'IC. [Gr. _myelos_, marrow.]

MYGALE, mig'a-l[=e], _n._ an American tarantula or bird-catching spider. [Gr. _mygal[=e]_, a field-mouse.]

MYLODON, m[=i]'l[=o]-don, _n._ a genus of large fossil sloths.--_adj._ MY'LODONT. [Gr. _myl[=e]_, a mill, _odous_, _odontos_, a tooth.]

MYLOHYOID, m[=i]-l[=o]-h[=i]'oid, _adj._ pertaining to the molar teeth and to the hyoid bone.--_n._ the mylohyoid muscle. [Gr. _myl[=e]_, a mill.]

MYNA, m[=i]'na, _n._ one of several sturnoid passerine birds of India.--Also M[=I]'NA.

MYNHEER, m[=i]n-h[=a]r', _n._ my lord: Dutch form of _Mr_ or _Sir_: a Dutchman. [Dut. _mijn_, my, _heer_, lord.]

MYOID, m[=i]'oid, _adj._ like muscle.--_n._ MY'OBLAST, a cell producing muscle-tissue.--_adj._ MYOBLAST'IC.--_ns._ MYOCARD[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the myocardium; MYOCAR'DIUM, the muscular substance of the heart; MYODYN[=A]'MIA, muscular force; MY'OGRAM, the tracing of a contracting and relaxing muscle by the myograph; MY'OGRAPH, an instrument for noting and recording muscular contractions.--_adjs._ MYOGRAPH'IC, -AL, relating to myography.--_ns._ MYOG'RAPHIST; MYOG'RAPHY, a description of the muscles of the body.--_adj._ MYOLOG'ICAL.--_ns._ MYOL'OGIST; MYOL'OGY, the part of anatomy which treats of the muscles; MY[=O]'MA, a tumour composed of muscular tissue; MYONIC'ITY, the contractile property of muscular tissue. [Gr. _mys_, _myos_, muscle.]

MYOMANCY, m[=i]'o-man-si, _n._ divination from the movements of mice.--_adj._ MYOMAN'TIC. [Gr. _mys_, a mouse, _manteia_, divination.]

MYOPIA, m[=i]-[=o]'pi-a, _n._ shortness or nearness of sight.--_adj._ MYOP'IC.--_ns._ MY'OPS, MY'OPE, a short-sighted person. [Gr.,--_myein_, to close, _[=o]ps_, the eye.]

MYOSIN, m[=i]'[=o]-sin, _n._ an albuminous compound contained in the contractile muscular tissue.

MYOSIS, m[=i]-[=o]'sis, _n._ abnormal contraction of the pupil of the eye.--_adjs._ MYOSIT'IC; MYOT'IC. [Gr. _myein_, to close.]

MYOSITIS, m[=i]-o-s[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of a muscle--properly MY'ITIS.

MYOSOTIS, m[=i]-[=o]-s[=o]'tis, _n._ a genus of annual or perennial herbs of the borage family, with alternate leaves and simple or branched racemes of bractless blue, pink, or white flowers: a flower of this genus, as the common blue forget-me-not. [Gr. _mys_, _myos_, a mouse, _ous_, _[=o]tos_, an ear.]

MYOTOMY, m[=i]-ot'o-mi, _n._ the dissection of the muscles. [Gr. _mys_, _myos_, muscle, _temnein_, to cut.]

MYRIAD, mir'i-ad, _n._ any immense number.--_adj._ numberless. [Gr. _myrias_, _myriados_, ten thousand.]

MYRIAPOD, mir'i-a-pod, (more correctly) MYR'IOPOD, _n._ a worm-shaped animal with many-jointed legs.--_n._ MYRIAP'ODA, a class of jointed animals, of which some of the lower kinds have an immense number of legs. [Gr. _myrios_, numberless, _pous_, _podos_, a foot.]

MYRICA, mi-r[=i]'ka, _n._ a genus of shrubs of the sweet-gale family, including the bay-berry or wax-myrtle, yielding a tallow used for candles. [Gr. _myrik[=e]_.]

MYRIORAMA, mir-i-o-rä'ma, _n._ a picture composed of interchangeable parts which can be combined into a variety of pictures. [Gr. _myrios_, numberless, _horama_, a view.]

MYRIOSCOPE, mir'i-o-sk[=o]p, _n._ a variety of kaleidoscope, esp. a form of it consisting of mirrors so arranged as by multiplied reflection from a small piece of carpet to show how it looks covering a whole floor. [Gr. _myrios_, numberless, _skopein_, to view.]

MYRISTICA, m[=i]-ris'ti-ka, _n._ a genus of fragrant apetalous trees--the nutmegs: the kernel of the seed of _Myristica fragrans_, as used in cookery. [Gr. _myrizein_, to anoint.]

MYRMIDON, m[.e]r'mi-don, _n._ one of a tribe of warriors who accompanied Achilles to Troy: one of a ruffianly band under a daring leader: one who carries out another's orders without fear or pity.--_adj._ MYRMID[=O]'NIAN.--MYRMIDONS OF THE LAW, policemen, bailiffs, &c. [L.,--Gr.]

MYROBALAN, m[=i]-rob'a-lan, _n._ the astringent fruit of certain Indian mountain species of _Terminalia_. [Gr. _myron_, an unguent, _balanos_, a corn.]

MYRRH, m[.e]r, _n._ a bitter, aromatic, transparent gum, exuded from the bark of a shrub in Arabia.--_adj._ MYR'RHIC.--_ns._ MYR'RHIN, the fixed resin of myrrh; MYR'RHOL, the volatile oil of myrrh. [O. Fr. _mirre_ (Fr. _myrrhe_)--L. and Gr. _myrrha_--Ar. _murr_.]

MYRRHINE. Same as MURRINE.

MYRTLE, m[.e]r'tl, _n._ an evergreen shrub with beautiful and fragrant leaves.--_n._ MYR'TLE-WAX, wax from the candle-berry. [O. Fr. _myrtil_, dim. of _myrte_--L. and Gr. _myrtus_.]

MYSELF, m[=i]-self', or me-self', _pron._ I or me, in person--used for the sake of emphasis and also as the reciprocal of me.

MYSTAGOGUE, mis'ta-g[=o]g, _n._ an initiator into religious mysteries, a teacher or catechist--also MYSTAG[=O]'GUS.--_adj._ MYSTAGOG'IC (-goj'-).--_n._ MYS'TAGOGY (-goj-), the practice of a mystagogue: the sacraments. [Gr. _myst[=e]s_, one initiated, _ag[=o]gos_, a leader.]

MYSTERY, mis't[.e]r-i, _n._ a secret doctrine: anything very obscure: that which is beyond human knowledge to explain: anything artfully made difficult: (_pl._) secret rites, in ancient religions rites known only to and practised by initiated persons, as the Eleusinian mysteries in Greece, &c.: a sacrament: a rude medieval drama founded on the historical parts of the Bible and the lives of the saints--the Basque _pastorales_ are a survival.--_adj._ MYST[=E]'RIOUS, containing mystery: obscure: secret: incomprehensible.--_adv._ MYST[=E]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ MYST[=E]'RIOUSNESS. [M. E. _mysterie_--L. _mysterium_--Gr. _myst[=e]rion_--_myst[=e]s_, one initiated--_muein_, to close the eyes.]

MYSTERY, mis't[.e]r-i, _n._ a trade, handicraft. [M. E. _mistere_--O. Fr. _mestier_ (Fr. _métier_)--L. _ministerium_--_minister_. Prop. _mistery_; the form _mystery_ is due to confusion with the above.]

MYSTIC, -AL, mis'tik, -al, _adj._ relating to, or containing, mystery: sacredly obscure or secret: involving a sacred or a secret meaning hidden from the eyes of the ordinary reader, only revealed to a spiritually enlightened mind, allegorical: belonging to mysticism.--_n._ MYS'TIC, one who seeks for direct intercourse with God in elevated religious feeling or ecstasy.--_adv._ MYS'TICALLY.--_ns._ MYS'TICALNESS, the quality of being mystical; MYS'TICISM, the doctrine of the mystics, a tendency of religious feeling marked by an effort to attain to direct and immediate communion with God: obscurity of doctrine; MYSTIFIC[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ MYS'TIFY, to make mysterious, obscure, or secret: to involve in mystery:--_pr.p._ mys'tifying; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ mys'tified.--MYSTIC RECITATION, the recitation of parts of the Greek liturgy in an inaudible voice; MYSTICAL THEOLOGY, the knowledge of divine things attained by spiritual insight and experience only, without authority, the process of reason, &c. [L. _mysticus_--Gr. _mystikos_. Cf. _Mystery_, a secret doctrine.]

MYTACISM, m[=i]'ta-sizm, _n._ a too recurrent use of the letter _m_ in speech or writing.

MYTH, mith, _n._ a fable, a legend, a fabulous narrative founded on a remote event, esp. those made in the early period of a people's existence: an invented story: a falsehood.--_adjs._ MYTH'IC, -AL, relating to myths: fabulous: untrue.--_adv._ MYTH'ICALLY.--_ns._ MYTH'ICIST, MYTH'ICISER, an adherent of the mythical theory; MYTH'IST, a maker of myths; MYTHOGEN'ESIS, the production of, or the tendency to originate, myths; MYTHOG'RAPHER, a writer or narrator of myths; MYTHOG'RAPHY, representation of myths in graphic or plastic art, art-mythology; MYTHOL'OGER, MYTHOL[=O]'GIAN, a mythologist.--_adjs._ MYTHOLOG'IC, -AL, relating to mythology, fabulous.--_adv._ MYTHOLOG'ICALLY.--_v.t._ MYTHOL'OGISE, to interpret or explain myths: to render mythical.--_ns._ MYTHOL'OGISER, one who, or that which, mythologises; MYTHOL'OGIST, one versed in, or who writes on, mythology; MYTHOL'OGY, the myths or stories of a country: a treatise regarding myths: a collection of myths: the science which investigates myths; MYTHON'OMY, the deductive and predictive stage of mythology; MYTH'OPLASM, a narration of mere fable; MYTHOPOE'IST, a myth-maker.--_adjs._ MYTHOPOET'IC, MYTHOPOE'IC, myth-making, tending to generate myth.--_n._ MYTH'US, the same as _myth_:--_pl._ MYTH'[=I].--MYTHICAL THEORY, the theory of D. F. Strauss (1808-74) and his school, that the Gospels are mainly a collection of myths, developed during the first two centuries, from the imagination of the followers of Jesus; COMPARATIVE MYTHOLOGY, the science which investigates myths and seeks to relate those of different races. [Gr. _mythos_.]

MYTILUS, mit'i-lus, _n._ a genus of bivalves, or an individual bivalve belonging to it.--_adjs._ MYTIL'IFORM, MYT'ILOID.

MYXOEDEMA, mik-s[=e]-d[=e]'ma, _n._ a diseased condition occurring in adults, generally females, characterised by a thickening of the subcutaneous tissue, most noticeable in the face, with a simultaneous dulling of all the faculties and slowing of the movements of the body. A precisely similar condition occurs in many cases where the thyroid gland has been removed for disease. [Gr. _myxa_, mucus, and Eng. _edema_.]

MYXOMA, mik-s[=o]'ma, _n._ a tumour consisting of mucous tissue--also _Collonema_. [Gr. _myxa_, mucus.]

MYXOMYCETES, mik-s[=o]-m[=i]-s[=e]'t[=e]z, _n.pl._ a class of very simple organisms, often claimed by botanists as fungi, generally regarded by zoologists as primitive Protozoa, living on damp surfaces exposed to air, esp. on rotting wood, and feeding on organic débris forming composite masses or _plasmodia_. [Gr. _myxa_, mucus, _myk[=e]tes_, pl. of _myk[=e]s_, a mushroom.]

MYXOPOD, mik'so-pod, _n._ and _adj._ a protozoan animal having pseudopodia, as distinguished from a _mastigopod_, which has cilia or flagella.--_n.pl._ MYXOP'ODA, protozoans whose locomotive appendages are pseudopodia--the same as _Rhizopoda_.--_adj._ MYXOP'ODOUS. [Gr. _myxa_, mucus, _pous_, _podos_, a foot.]

MYXOSARCOMA, mik-s[=o]-sär-k[=o]'ma, _n._ a tumour composed of mucous and sarcomatous tissue:--_pl._ MYXOSARC[=O]'MATA. [Gr. _myxa_, mucus, _sarc[=o]ma_, a fleshy lump.]

MYZONTES, m[=i]-zon't[=e]z, _n.pl._ a class of vertebrates with an incomplete cartilaginous skull, no lower jaw, and pouch-like gills--including the lampreys and hags.--_adj._ and _n._ suctorial as the lamprey, belonging to the Myzontes. [Gr. _myz[=o]n_, _myzontos_, pr.p. of _myzein_, to suck.]

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Corrections made to printed original.

Under "Egophony":--"Ægoph'ony", printed as "Ægoph'any" in original.

Under "Empiric":--"empiricism", printed as "empericism" in original.

Under "Enterprise" (before Enterprisingly):--"adv.", printed as "adj." in original.

Under "Experiment":--"Experiment'al", printed as "Eperiment'al" in original.

Under "Friend":--"acquaintance", printed as "acqaintance" in original.

Under "Gabbatha":--"tessellated", printed as "tesselated" in original.

Under "Heterochrony":--"ontogenetic", printed as "octogenetic" in original.

Under "Hither":--"to come", printed as "to come thither" in original.

Under "Hot" (before Hotspur):--"n.", printed as "ns." in original.

Under "In":--"Gr.", printed as "Ger." in original.

Under "Jowl" (etymology):--"the jaw", printed as "the law" in original.

Under "Jungermannia":--"Jungermann", printed as "Junggermann" in original.

Under "Kantian":--"philosophy", printed as "philosphy" in original.

Under "Libken" (pronunciation):--"lib'ken", printed as "lik'ken" in original.