Part 94

DUCAT, duk'at, _n._ a gold coin, formerly much used on the Continent, its commonest value being about 9s. 4d., though there were silver ducats in Italy worth 3s. 4d.--_n._ DUCATOON', an old silver coin in Venice and elsewhere, worth 5 to 6 shillings. [O. Fr. _ducat_--It. _ducato_--_ducatus_, a duchy. The name was applied to an Apulian silver coin of 1140. The first gold ducat struck at Venice in 1284 bore the legend--'Sit tibi Christe datus quem tu regis iste _Ducatus_' ('Be this duchy, which thou rulest, dedicated to thee, O Christ'), which may have helped to spread the name, though it did not originate it.]

DUCHY, duch'i, _n._ the territory of a duke, a dukedom.--_ns._ DUCH'ESS, the consort or widow of a duke; DUCH'Y-COURT, the court of a duchy, esp. that of the duchy of Lancaster.

DUCK, duk, _n._ a kind of coarse cloth for small sails, sacking, &c. [Dut. _doeck_, linen cloth; Ger. _tuch_.]

DUCK, duk, _v.t._ to dip for a moment in water.--_v.i._ to dip or dive: to lower the head suddenly: to cringe, yield.--_n._ a quick plunge, dip: a quick lowering of the head or body, a jerky bow.--_ns._ DUCK'ER, one who ducks: a diving-bird; DUCK'ING; DUCK'ING-POND; DUCK'ING-STOOL, a stool or chair in which scolds were formerly tied and ducked in the water as a punishment. [A.S. _dúcan_, to duck, dive; Ger. _tauchen_, Dut. _duiken_.]

DUCK, duk, _n._ name given to any member of the family _Anatidæ_, the prominent marks of which are short webbed feet, with a small hind-toe not reaching the ground, the netted scales in front of the lower leg, and the long bill: the female duck as distinguished from the male _drake_: in cricket (originally _duck's egg_), the zero (0), which records in a scoring-sheet that a player has made no runs: (_coll._) a darling, sweetheart: a financial defaulter--esp. LAME DUCK: also of things.--_ns._ DUCK'-ANT, a Jamaican termite nesting in trees; DUCK'-BILL, an aquatic burrowing and egg-laying Australian mammal, about 18 inches long, with soft fur, broadly webbed feet, and depressed duck-like bill--also called _Duck-mole_, _Platypus_, and _Ornithorhynchus_.--_adj._ DUCK'-BILLED, having a bill like a duck.--_n._ DUCK'-HAWK, the moor-buzzard or marsh-harrier: the peregrine falcon of the United States.--_adj._ DUCK'-LEGGED, short-legged.--_ns._ DUCK'LING, a young duck; DUCK'S'-FOOT, the lady's mantle; DUCK'-WEED, a name for several species of _Lemna_ and _Wolffia_ growing in ditches; BOMBAY DUCK, bummals; WILD'-DUCK, the mallard.--BREAK ONE'S DUCK (_cricket_), to make one's first run (see above); MAKE, PLAY, DUCKS AND DRAKES, to use recklessly: squander, waste (with _with_, _of_)--from the skipping of a flat stone across the surface of water. [A.S. _duce_, a duck, from, _dúcan_, to duck, dive.]

DUCT, dukt, _n._ a tube conveying fluids in animal bodies or plants. [L. _ductus_--_duc[)e]re_, to lead.]

DUCTILE, duk'til, _adj._ easily led: yielding: capable of being drawn out into threads.--_ns._ DUCTILIM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the ductility of metals; DUCTIL'ITY, capacity of being drawn out without breaking. [Fr.,--L. _ductilis_--_duc[)e]re_, to lead.]

DUD, dud, _n._ (_coll._) in _pl._ poor or ragged clothes, tatters.--_n._ DUD'DERY, a shop where old clothes are sold, rags collectively.--_adj._ DUD'DY, ragged. [There is a M. E. _dudd_, birrus, a cloak, which may be Celt.]

DUDDER, dud'er, _n._ (_prov._) confusion.

DUDE, d[=u]d, _n._ (_slang_) a fop or dandy, esp. remarkable for the exquisite make and quality of his clothes.--_adj._ D[=U]'DISH.--_n._ D[=U]'DISM. [Hardly from _dud_.]

DUDEEN, d[=u]-d[=e]n', _n._ a short clay tobacco-pipe.

DUDGEON, duj'un, _n._ resentment: grudge. [There is an Anglo-Fr. _digeon_, wood hafts of knives, &c., but a connection cannot be stated. Skeat suggests dubiously W. _dygen_, malice, _dychan_, a jeer.]

DUDGEON, duj'un, _n._ the haft of a dagger: a small dagger. [See above.]

DUE, d[=u], _adj._ owed: that ought to be paid or done to another: proper: appointed, under engagement to be ready, arrive, &c.--_adv._ exactly: directly.--_n._ that which is owed: what one has a right to: perquisite: fee or tribute.--_adj._ DUE'FUL (_Spens._), proper, fit.--GIVE THE DEVIL HIS DUE, to give a fair hearing or fair-play to one of notorious character. [O. Fr. _deu_, pa.p. of _devoir_--L. _deb[=e]re_, to owe.]

DUE, d[=u], _v.t._ (_Shak._) to endue.

DUEL, d[=u]'el, _n._ a combat between two persons, prearranged, and fought under fixed conditions, generally on an affair of honour--happily harmless in France: any fight or struggle between two parties: single combat to decide a quarrel.--_v.i._ to fight in a duel:--_pr.p._ d[=u]'elling; _pa.p._ d[=u]'elled.--_ns._ D[=U]'ELLER, D[=U]'ELLIST; D[=U]'ELLING, fighting in a duel: the practice of fighting in single combat; DUELL'O, a duel: the laws which regulate duelling.--_adj._ D[=U]'ELSOME, given to duelling. [It. _duello_--L. _duellum_, the original form of _bellum_--_duo_, two.]

DUENNA, d[=u]-en'a, _n._ an old lady who acts the part of governess in Spain: an old lady who acts as guardian to a younger. [Sp. _dueña_, a form of _doña_, mistress--L. _domina_, fem. of _dominus_, lord.]

DUET, d[=u]-et', DUETTO, d[=u]-et'o, _n._ a composition in music for two voices, instruments, or instrumentalists.--_ns._ DUETTI'NO, a simple duet; DUET'TIST. [It. _duetto_, _due_, two--L. _duo_, two.]

DUFF, duf, _n._ dough: a stiff flour pudding boiled in a bag; decaying vegetable matter, fallen leaves: coaldust. [From _dough_.]

DUFF, duf, _v.t._ to manipulate an article so as to make it look like new: to alter the brands on stolen cattle.

DUFFEL, duf'l, _n._ a thick, coarse woollen cloth, with a thick nap--also DUFF'LE: (_U.S._) change of flannels. [Dut., from _Duffel_, a town near Antwerp.]

DUFFER, duf'[.e]r, _n._ a dull plodding person: a fogy, useless old fellow: a counterfeit coin: a claim or mine which proves unproductive.--_ns._ DUFF'ERDOM, DUFF'ERISM.

DUFFER, duf'[.e]r, _n._ a peddler of dubious goods, sham jewellery, &c.: one who fakes up sham articles, or duffs cattle.

DUG, dug, _n._ the nipple of the pap, esp. applied to that of a cow or other beast. [Cf. Sw. _dægga_, Dan. _dægge_, to suckle a child. See DAIRY.]

DUG, dug, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of DIG.--_n._ DUG'OUT, a boat made by hollowing out the trunk of a tree.

DUGONG, d[=u]-gong', _n._ a kind of herb-eating whale, from 8 to 20 feet long, found in Indian seas--the supposed original of the mermaid. [Malayan _d[=u]yong_.]

DUIKER, DUYKER, d[=i]'k[.e]r, _n._ a small South African antelope. [Dut.]

DUKE, d[=u]k, _n._ the highest order of nobility next below that of _prince_: (_B._) a chieftain: on the Continent, a sovereign prince.--_ns._ DUKE'DOM, the title, rank, or territories of a duke; DUKE'LING, a petty duke; DUK'ERY, a duke's territory or seat; DUKE'SHIP.--THE DUKERIES, a group of ducal seats in Nottinghamshire. [O. Fr. _duc_--L. _dux_, _ducis_, a leader--_duc[)e]re_, to lead.]

DULCAMARA, dul-ka-m[=a]'ra, _n._ a name for the Bittersweet (q.v.). [Formed from L. _dulcis_, sweet, _amara_, bitter.]

DULCET, duls'et, _adj._ sweet to the taste, or to the ear: melodious, harmonious.--_n._ DULCIFIC[=A]'TION.--_adj._ DULCIF'LUOUS, flowing sweetly.--_v.t._ DUL'CIFY, to make sweet.--_ns._ DULCIL'OQUY, a soft manner of speaking; DUL'CITE, DUL'CITOL, DUL'COSE, a saccharine substance derived from various plants--in its crude form, _Madagascar manna_; DUL'CITUDE, sweetness.--DULCIFIED SPIRIT, a compound of alcohol with mineral acid. [O. Fr. _doucet_, dim. of _dols_ (Fr. _doux_)--L. _dulcis_, sweet.]

DULCIMER, dul'si-m[.e]r, _n._ a musical instrument resembling a flat box, with sounding-board and bridges, across which run wires tuned by pegs at the sides, and played on by striking the wires with a small piece of wood in each hand, or more usually with two cork-headed hammers: a Jewish musical instrument, according to Gesenius, a double pipe with a bag. [Sp. _dulcemele_--L. _dulce melos_, a sweet song--_dulcis_, sweet; _melos_ = Gr. _melos_, a song.]

DULCINEA, dul-sin'[=e]-a, or dul-sin-[=e]'a, _n._ sweetheart. [From _Dulcinea_ del Toboso, the name given by Don Quixote to the mistress of his imagination.]

DULE, dool, _n._ (_Scot._) woe.--_n._ DULE'-TREE, the gallows. [See DOLE.]

DULIA, d[=u]-l[=i]'a, _n._ (_R.C. Church_) that inferior veneration due to saints and angels.--_n._ DULOC'RACY, government by slaves. [Gr. _douleia_--_doulos_, a slave.]

DULL, dul, _adj._ slow of hearing, of learning, or of understanding: insensible: without life or spirit: slow of motion: drowsy: sleepy: sad: downcast: cheerless: not bright or clear: cloudy: dim, obscure: obtuse: blunt.--_v.t._ to make dull or stupid: to blunt: to damp: to cloud.--_v.i._ to become dull.--_n._ DULL'ARD, a dull and stupid person: a dunce.--_adjs._ DULL'-BRAINED (_Shak._), of dull brain or intellect: stupid; DULL'-BROWED, of gloomy brow or look; DULL'-EYED (_Shak._), having eyes dull or wanting expression; DULL'ISH, somewhat dull: wearisome.--_ns._ DULL'NESS, DUL'NESS, the stale or quality of being dull.--_adjs._ DULL'-SIGHT'ED; DULL'-WIT'TED; DULL'Y, somewhat dull.--_adv._ DULL'Y. [A.S. _dol_--_dwelan_, to err; Dut. _dol_, Ger. _toll_, mad.]

DULSE, duls, _n._ an edible seaweed, with red, deeply-divided fronds, eaten in Ireland and elsewhere. [Gael, _duileasg_--_duille_, a leaf, _uisge_, water.]

DULY, d[=u]'li, _adv._ properly: fitly: at the proper time. [See DUE.]

DUMB, dum, _adj._ without the power of speech: silent: soundless.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to render dumb.--_n.pl._ DUMB'-BELLS, double-headed weights swung in the hands for the purpose of developing the arms, muscles of the chest, &c.--_n._ DUMB'-CANE, a plant of the order _Araceæ_, aberrant in its almost arborescent character, but agreeing with them in its acridity, which is in none of them more highly developed.--_adv._ DUMB'LY, in silence: mutely.--_ns._ DUMB'NESS; DUMB'-SHOW, gesture without words: pantomime; DUMB'-WAIT'ER, a movable platform used for conveying food, dishes, &c. at meals: a stand with revolving top for holding dessert, &c.--_vs.t._ DUMFOUND', -ER, to strike dumb: to confuse greatly: to astonish.--_ns._ DUM'MERER, a dumb person, esp. a rogue who feigns dumbness; DUM'MINESS; DUM'MY, one who is dumb: a mere tool of another, man of straw: a sham package in a shop: the fourth or exposed band when three persons play at whist.--STRIKE DUMB, to silence with astonishment. [A.S. _dumb_; Ger. _dumm_, stupid, Dut. _dom_.]

DUMBLEDORE, dum'bl-d[=o]r, _n._ (_prov._) the bumble-bee: the brown cockchafer.

DUM-DUM, dum'-dum, _n._ a soft-nosed expanding bullet, first made at _Dum Dum_ in British India.

DUMOSE, d[=u]'m[=o]s, _adj._ thorny--also D[=U]'MOUS.--_n._ DUMOS'ITY. [L. _dumus_, a thorn-bush.]

DUMP, dump, _v.t._ to throw down: to unload.--_n._ a thud: a place for the discharge of loads, or for rubbish: (_pl._) money (_slang_). [Cf. Dan. _dumpe_, Norw. _dumpa_, to fall plump.]

DUMP, dump, _n._ dullness or gloominess of mind, ill-humour, low spirits--now only used in the _pl._: (_Shak._) a melancholy strain, any tune.--_adj._ DUMP'ISH, depressed in spirits.--_adv._ DUMP'ISHLY.--_n._ DUMP'ISHNESS. [Prob. related to Old Dut. _domp_, mist; or Ger. _dumpf_, gloomy.]

DUMP, dump, _n._ a deep hole in a river-bed, a pool. [Prob. Norse _dump_, a pit.]

DUMPLING, dump'ling, _n._ a kind of thick pudding or mass of paste. [Dim. of _dump_, in _dumpy_.]

DUMPY, dump'i, _adj._ short and thick.--_n._ a dumpy person or animal, esp. one of a breed of very short-legged fowls.--_n._ DUMPI'NESS.--_v.t._ DUM'PLE, to make or cook, as a dumpling: to bend into a dumpy shape.--_n._ DUMP'Y-LEV'EL, a spirit-level used in surveying, having a short telescope with a large aperture. [From a provincial form _dump_, a clumsy piece.]

DUN, dun, _adj._ of a dark colour, partly brown and black: dark.--_v.t._ (_U.S._) to cure and brown, as cod.--_v.i._ to become dun-coloured.--_ns._ DUN'-BIRD, the pochard; DUN'-COW, the shagreen ray; DUN'-D[=I]V'ER, the merganser; DUN'-FISH, codfish cured by dunning.--_adj._ DUN'NISH, somewhat dun. [A.S. _dun_, most prob. Celt.; W. _dwn_, dusky, Gael. _donn_, brown.]

DUN, dun, _v.t._ to demand a debt with din or noise: to urge for payment:--_pr.p._ dun'ning; _pa.p._ dunned.--_n._ one who duns: a demand for payment. [Allied to DIN.]

DUN, dun, _n._ a hill: a fortified mound. [A.S. _dún_--Celt.; in many place-names, as _Dun_bar, _Don_caster.]

DUNCE, duns, _n._ one slow at learning: a stupid person.--_ns._ DUNCE'DOM, the class of dunces; DUN'CERY, stupidity; DUN'CIAD, the epic of dunces, the world of dunces--name of a famous poem by Pope.--_adjs._ DUN'CISH, DUNCE'-LIKE. [_Duns_ Scotus (died 1308), the Subtle Doctor, leader of the schoolmen, from him called _Dunses_, who opposed classical studies on the revival of learning--hence any opposer of learning, a blockhead.]

DUNCH, dunsh, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to push with the elbow: to gore with the horns, as a bull. [Hardly related to Sw. _dunka_, to beat; Dan. _dunke_, a thump.]

DUNDER, dun'd[.e]r, _n._ lees, dregs.

DUNDERFUNK, dun'd[.e]r-fungk, _n._ ship-biscuit, soaked in water, mixed with fat and molasses, and baked in a pan.--Also DAN'DYFUNK.

DUNDERHEAD, dun'd[.e]r-hed, _n._ a stupid person--also DUN'DERPATE.--_adj._ DUN'DERHEADED.--_n._ DUN'DER-HEADISM.

DUNDREARY, dun-dr[=e]r'i, _adj._ like Lord _Dundreary_--in Sothern's creation of the part, a lisping and brainless dandy, wearing long side-whiskers.

DUNE, d[=u]n, _n._ a low hill of sand on the seashore. [An earlier form of _down_, a hill.]

DUNG, dung, _n._ the excrement of animals: refuse litter mixed with excrement.--_v.t._ to manure with dung.--_v.i._ to void excrement.--_ns._ DUNG'-BEE'TLE, the dor-beetle: (_pl._) the scarabæoid beetles generally; DUNG'-FORK, a fork used for moving stable manure; DUNG'HILL, a heap of dung: any mean situation; DUNG'MERE, a manure-pit.--_adj._ DUNG'Y. [A.S. _dung_; cf. Dan. _dynge_, a heap; Ger. _dung_.]

DUNGAREE, dung'ga-ri, _n._ a coarse Indian calico: (_pl._) trousers of such.--Also DUNG'EREE. [Hindi.]

DUNGEON, dun'jun, _n._ (_orig._) the principal tower of a castle: a close, dark prison: a cell under ground.--_v.t._ to confine in a dungeon.--_n._ DUN'GEONER, a gaoler. [O. Fr. _donjon_--Low L. _domnion-em_--L. _dominus_, a lord.]

DUNKER, dungk'[.e]r, _n._ a member of a sect of German-American Baptists who practise triple immersion.--Also TUNK'ER. [Ger.]

DUNLIN, dun'lin, _n._ the red-backed sandpiper. [A dim. of _dun_.]

DUNLOP, dun-lop', _n._ a rich cheese made of unskimmed milk--from _Dunlop_ in Ayrshire.

DUNNAGE, dun'[=a]j, _n._ on shipboard, a name applied to loose wood of any kind laid in the bottom of the hold to keep the cargo out of the bilge-water, or wedged between parts of the cargo to keep them steady. [Ety. unknown.]

DUNNIEWASSAL, DUNIWASSAL, dun-i-was'al, _n._ (_Scot._) a gentleman of inferior rank. [Gael. _duin' uasal_--_duine_, a man, _uasal_, gentle.]

DUNNING, dun'ing, _n._ the process of browning and curing cod-fish.

DUNNOCK, dun'ok, _n._ the hedge-sparrow.

DUNNY, dun'i, _adj._ (_prov._) deaf.

DUNSTABLE, dun'stä-bl, _n._ a hat, bonnet, &c. of plaited straw, first made at _Dunstable_ in Bedfordshire.--DUNSTABLE ROAD, HIGHWAY, anything plain and direct.

DUNT, dunt, _n._ (_Scot._) a blow or stroke, the wound made by such.--_v.t._ to strike, beat. [See DINT.]

DUNT, dunt, _n._ (_prov._) the gid or sturdy in sheep, &c.

DUO, d[=u]'o, _n._ a song in two parts. [L. _duo_, two.]

DUODECAHEDRON, d[=u]-o-dek-a-h[=e]'dron, _n._ Same as DODECAHEDRON.

DUODECENNIAL, d[=u]-o-de-sen'i-al, _adj._ occurring every twelve years. [L. _duodecim_, twelve, _annus_, year.]

DUODECIMAL, d[=u]-o-des'i-mal, _adj._ computed by twelves: twelfth: (_pl._) a method of calculating the area of a rectangle when the length and breadth are stated in feet and inches.--_adjs._ DUODECIM'FID, divided into twelve parts; DUODEC'IMO, formed of sheets folded so as to make twelve leaves.--_n._ a book of such sheets--usually written 12mo.--DUODECIMAL SCALE, the name given to the division of unity into twelve equal parts. [L. _duodecim_, twelve--_duo_, two, and _decem_, ten.]

DUODECUPLE, d[=u]-o-dek'[=u]-pl, _adj._ twelvefold: consisting of twelve. [L. _duodecim_, _plic[=a]re_, to fold.]

DUODENARY, d[=u]-[=o]-den'a-ri, _adj._ relating to twelve, twelvefold.

DUODENUM, d[=u]-o-d[=e]'num, _n._ the first portion of the small intestines, so called because about twelve fingers'-breadth in length:--_pl._ DUOD[=E]'NA.--_adj._ DUOD[=E]'NAL. [Formed from L. _duodeni_, twelve each.]

DUOLITERAL, d[=u]-[=o]-lit'er-al, _adj._ consisting of two letters.

DUOLOGUE, d[=u]'[=o]-log, _n._ a piece spoken between two.

DUOMO, d[=u]-[=o]'mo, _n._ a cathedral. [It. See DOME.]

DUP, dup, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to undo a door. [From _do_ and _up_. Cf. _don_ and _doff_.]

DUPE, d[=u]p, _n._ one easily cheated: one who is deceived or misled.--_v.t._ to deceive: to trick.--_n._ DUPABIL'ITY.--_adj._ D[=U]'PABLE.--_n._ D[=U]'PERY, the art of deceiving others. [Fr. _dupe_; of uncertain origin.]

DUPION, d[=u]'pi-on, _n._ a cocoon spun by two silkworms together, also the silk of such.--Also DOU'PION. [Fr.]

DUPLEX, d[=u]'pleks, _adj._ twofold: double.--_adjs._ D[=U]'PLE, double: twofold; D[=U]'PLICATE, double: twofold.--_n._ another thing of the same kind: a copy or transcript.--_v.t._ to double: to fold.--_n._ DUPLIC[=A]'TION.--_adj._ D[=U]'PLICATIVE.--_ns._ D[=U]'PLICATURE, a doubling: anything doubled: the fold of a membrane; DUPLIC'ITY, doubleness: insincerity of heart or speech: deceit; D[=U]'PLY, a second reply in Scots law.--THE DUPLICATION OF THE CUBE was a problem eagerly discussed by the early Greek geometers. [L. _duplic[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_duplex_--_duo_, two, _plic[=a]re_, to fold.]

DURA. See DURRA.

DURABLE, d[=u]r'a-bl, _adj._ able to last or endure: hardy: permanent.--_ns._ DUR'ABLENESS, DURABIL'ITY, quality of being durable: power of resisting decay.--_adv._ DUR'ABLY.--_ns._ DUR'ANCE, continuance: imprisonment: duress; DUR'ANT, a strong cloth in imitation of buff-leather; DUR[=A]'TION, continuance in time: time indefinitely: power of continuance. [Fr.,--L. _durabilis_--_dur[=a]re_, to last.]

DURA MATER, d[=u]'ra m[=a]'t[.e]r, _n._ the exterior membrane of the brain and spinal column distinguished from the other two, the arachnoid and the pia mater.

DURAMEN, d[=u]-r[=a]'m[.e]n, _n._ the inner and fully ripened wood of dicotyledonous trees. [L.,--_durus_, hard.]

DURBAR, dur'bar, _n._ an audience-chamber: a reception or levee, esp. a reception of native princes held by the Viceroy of India: the body of officials at a native court. [Pers. _dar-bár_, a prince's court, lit. a '_door_ of _admittance_.']

DURDUM. Same as DIRDUM.

DURE, d[=u]r, _v.i._ (_obs._) to endure, last, or continue.--_adj._ DURE'FUL (_Spens._), enduring, lasting. [Fr. _durer_--L. _dur[=a]re_--_durus_, hard.]

DURESS, d[=u]r'es, or d[=u]r-es', _n._ constraint: imprisonment: constraint illegally exercised to force a person to perform some act. [O. Fr. _duresse_--L. _duritia_--_durus_, hard.]

DURGA, d[=oo]r'ga, the wife of Siva (q.v.).

DURGAN, dur'gan, _n._ a dwarf, any undersized creature.--_adj._ DUR'GY. [Related to _dwarf_.]

DURHAM, dur'am, _n._ one of a particular breed of shorthorned cattle--from the English county.

DURIAN, d[=u]'ri-an, _n._ a lofty Indian and Malayan fruit-tree (genus _Durio_), with leaves resembling those of the cherry, and large bunches of pale-yellow flowers.--Also D[=U]'RION. [Malay _duryon_.]

DURING, d[=u]'ring, _prep._ for the time a thing lasts: in the course of. [Orig. pr.p. of obs. _dure_, to last.]

DURMAST, dur'mast, _n._ a sub-species or variety of oak.

DURN, durn, _n._ (_prov._) a door-post.--Also DERN.

DUROY, d[=u]-roi', _n._ an obsolete form of _corduroy_.

DURRA, dur'ra, _n._ a genus of grasses closely allied to sugar-cane and beard-grass--also called _Durra millet_ and _Indian millet_ or _Sorgho grass_. Much cultivated in Asia, Africa, and the south of Europe.--Also DOUR'A, DHUR'RA, and DUR'A. [Ar.]

DURST, durst, _pa.t._ of DARE, to venture. [A.S. _dorste_, pa.t. of _dear_, to dare.]

DUSH, dush, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to throw down.

DUSK, dusk, _adj._ darkish: of a dark colour.--_n._ twilight: partial darkness: darkness of the colour.--_v.t._ to occasion a dusky appearance.--_v.i._ DUSK'EN, to grow dark.--_adv._ DUSK'ILY.--_n._ DUSK'INESS.--_adj._ DUSK'ISH, rather dusky: slightly dark or black.--_adv._ DUSK'ISHLY.--_n._ DUSK'ISHNESS.--_adv._ DUSK'LY.--_n._ DUSK'NESS.--_adj._ DUSK'Y, partially dark or obscure: dark-coloured: sad: gloomy. [A.S. _dox_, _dosc_, dark--further history of word obscure.]

DUST, dust, _n._ fine particles of matter: a cloud of powdery matter present in the atmosphere: powder: earth: the grave, where the body becomes dust: a mean condition: gold-dust--hence money.--_v.t._ to free from dust: to sprinkle with dust.--_ns._ DUST'-BALL, a disease of horses, in which grain-dust forms a ball in the intestine; DUST'-BIN, a bucket, box, &c. for holding dust and rubbish; DUST'-BRAND, smut (q.v.); DUST'-BRUSH, a light brush for removing dust from walls, &c.; DUST'-CART, a cart for conveying dust and rubbish from the streets; DUST'-CONTRACT'OR, one who has made a contract to remove dust, &c., as from yards; DUST'ER, one who dusts: a cloth or brush used for removing dust; DUST'-HOLE, a dust-bin; DUST'INESS; DUST'MAN, a scavenger; DUST'-PAN, a pan or shovel for removing dust swept from the floor.--_adj._ DUST'Y, covered or sprinkled with dust: like dust.--_ns._ DUST'Y-FOOT (see PIE-POWDER); DUST'Y-MILL'ER, the auricula, from the white dust upon its leaves.--DUST A PERSON'S JACKET, to give him a drubbing.--BITE THE DUST (see BITE); DOWN WITH THE DUST, pay down the money, originally with reference to gold-_dust_; KICK UP A DUST, to make a stir or uproar; RAISE A DUST, to create a disturbance; THROW DUST IN A PERSON'S EYES, to delude or deceive a person. [A.S. _dúst_; cf. Ger. _dunst_, vapour, Dut. _duist_, meal-dust.]

DUTCH, duch, _adj._ belonging to Holland or its people--in old writers rather applied to the Germans: heavy, clumsy, as in _Dutch-built_, _-buttocked_, &c.--_n._ DUTCH'MAN, a native of Holland.--DUTCH AUCTION, COURAGE, TILES (see AUCTION, COURAGE, TILE); DUTCH CARPET, a mixed material of cotton and wool for floor coverings; DUTCH CHEESE, a small round cheese made on the Continent from skim-milk; DUTCH CLINKERS, a hard brick for paving stables, &c.; DUTCH CLOVER, white clover; DUTCH CONCERT, a concert in which singers sing their various songs simultaneously, or each one sings a verse of any song he likes between bursts of some familiar chorus; DUTCH DROPS, a balsam, or popular nostrum, of oil of turpentine, tincture of guaiacum, &c.; DUTCH LIQUID, an oily substance obtained by mixing chlorine and olefiant gases--not miscible with water, readily dissolving in ether and alcohol, producing anæsthesia; DUTCH METAL, sometimes called _Dutch gold_ or _Dutch leaf_, is an alloy of copper and zinc; DUTCH OVEN (see OVEN); DUTCH PINK (see PINK); DUTCH RUSH, the scouring-rush; DUTCH WIFE, an open frame of rattan or cane used in the Dutch Indies, to rest the limbs upon in bed.--TALK LIKE A DUTCH UNCLE, to rebuke with kindness. [Ger. _deutsch_, (lit.) belonging to the people--Old High Ger. _diutisk_, of which _-isk_ = the Eng. suffix _-ish_, and _diut_ = A.S. _theod_, Goth. _thiuda_, a nation. See TEUTONIC.]