Part 17

ARGONAUT, är'go-nawt, _n._ one of those who sailed in the ship _Argo_ in search of the golden fleece: also (_nat. hist._) a name of the nautilus, a mollusc of the octopod type.--_adj._ ARGONAUT'IC. [Gr. _Arg[=o]_, and _naut[=e]s_, a sailor.]

ARGOSY, är'go-si, _n._ a large merchant-vessel richly laden, esp. those of Ragusa and Venice: also figuratively. [The forms _ragosie_, _rhaguse_, used equally with _argosie_, _argosey_, &c., point to the derivation from It. _Ragusea_, a ship belonging to Ragusa, a great medieval port on the Adriatic, spelt in 16th-cent. English as _Aragouse_, _Arragosa_.]

ARGOT, är'go, or är'got, _n._ slang, originally that of thieves and vagabonds: cant. [Fr.; of unknown origin.]

ARGUE, ärg'[=u], _v.t._ prove or evince: to prove by argument: to discuss: (_obs._) to accuse.--_v.i._ to offer reasons: to dispute (with _against_, _for_, _with_, _about_):--_pr.p._ arg'[=u]ing; _pa.p._ arg'[=u]ed.--_adj._ ARG'[=U]ABLE, capable of being argued.--_n._ ARG'[=U]ER, one who argues: a reasoner.--TO ARGUE (a person) INTO, or OUT OF, to persuade him into, or out of, a certain course of action. [O. Fr. _arguer_--L. _argut[=a]re_, freq. of _argu[)e]re_, to prove.]

ARGUFY, ärg'[=u]-f[=i], _v.i._ to be evidence of something: to be of importance: to argue, wrangle.--_v.t._ to weary with wrangling. [Illiterate corr. of ARGUE.]

ARGUMENT, ärg'[=u]-ment, _n._ a statement, or reason based on such, offered as proof: a series of reasons or a step in such: discussion: subject of a discourse: summary of the subject-matter of a book: (_obs._) matter of controversy.--_adjs._ ARGUMENT'ABLE, ARGUMENT'AL.--_n._ ARGUMENT[=A]'TION, an arguing or reasoning.--_adj._ ARGUMENT'ATIVE.--_adv._ ARGUMENT'ATIVELY.--_n._ ARGUMENT'ATIVENESS. [L. _argumentum_. See ARGUE.]

ARGUMENTUM, ärg-[=u]-ment'um, _n._ an argument.--The following are forms of _indirect_ argument:--ARGUMENTUM AD HOMINEM, an appeal to the known prepossessions or previous admissions of an opponent; ARGUMENTUM AD IGNORANTIAM, an argument founded on the ignorance of an opponent; ARGUMENTUM AD INVIDIAM, an argument appealing to the prejudices of the person addressed; ARGUMENTUM AD JUDICIUM, an appeal to the common-sense of mankind; ARGUMENTUM AD VERECUNDIAM, an appeal to our reverence for some respected authority; ARGUMENTUM BACULINUM, the argument of the cudgel--most concise of arguments, an appeal to force; ARGUMENTUM PER IMPOSSIBILE, or _Reductio ad absurdum_, the proof of a conclusion derived from the absurdity of a contradictory supposition.--For the _Ontological_, _Cosmological_, _Teleological_, and _Moral_ arguments in Theism, see under these adjectives.

ARGUS, ärg'us, _n._ any very quick-eyed or watchful person, from _Argus_, described in Greek mythology as having had a hundred eyes, some of which were always awake: a genus of gallinaceous birds, remarkable for magnificence of plumage--the only known species, the ARGUS PHEASANT, native to Sumatra, &c. [Gr.--_argos_, bright.]

ARGUTE, är-g[=u]t', _adj._ shrill in sound: keen: shrewd.--_adv._ ARGUTE'LY.--_n._ ARGUTE'NESS. [L. _argutus_.]

ARGYRIA, ar-jir'i-a, _n._ silver poisoning. [Gr. _argyros_, silver.]

ARIA, [=a]'ri-a, _n._ an air or rhythmical song introduced in a cantata, oratorio, or opera, and intended for one voice supported by instruments. [It., from root of AIR.]

ARIAN, [=a]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Arius_ of Alexandria (died 336), who denied the divinity of Christ.--_n._ one who adheres to the doctrines of Arius: a Unitarian.--_v.t._ A'RIANISE.--_n._ A'RIANISM, the doctrines of the Arians.

ARID, ar'id, _adj._ dry: parched.--_ns._ ARID'ITY, AR'IDNESS. [L. _aridus_.]

ARIEL, [=a]'ri-el, _n._ a man's name in the Old Testament, variously explained as 'lion of God,' 'hearth of God:' in later demonology, a water-spirit: an angel: a spirit of the air. [Heb. _ari[=e]l_.]

ARIEL, [=a]'ri-el, _n._ a species of gazelle in Western Asia. [Ar. _aryil_.]

ARIES, [=a]'ri-[=e]z, _n._ the Ram, the first of the signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters on 21st M_arch._ [L.]

ARIETTA, ar-i-et'ta, _n._ a little aria or air.--Also ARIETTE'. [It. _arietta_, dim. of _aria_.]

ARIGHT, a-r[=i]t', _adv._ in a right way: rightly.

ARIL, ar'il, ARILLUS, a-ril'lus, _n._ a peculiar covering of the seed of some plants, formed by an expansion of the cord (_funiculus_) which attaches the ovule to the placenta, or of the placenta itself.--_adjs._ AR'ILLARY, AR'ILLATED, having an aril. [Low L. _arillus_.]

ARIMASPIAN, ar-im-as'pi-an, _adj._ pertaining to the _Arimaspi_, described by Herodotus as a one-eyed and fierce people inhabiting the most northern region in the world, waging perpetual warfare with the neighbouring griffins for their hoarded gold.

ARIOT, ä-r[=i]'ot, _adv._ in riot, riotously.

ARIPPLE, ä-rip'l, _adv._ in a ripple, rippling.

ARISE, a-r[=i]z', _v.i._ to rise up: to come up so as to be heard: to ascend: to come into view: to spring:--_pa.t._ arose'; _pa.p._ aris'en. [Pfx. _a-_, up, out, and RISE.]

ARISTARCH, ar'is-tärk, _n._ a severe critic. [From _Aristarchus_, a grammarian of Alexandria about 160 B.C.]

ARISTATE, a-ris't[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) having awns. [L. _arista_, an awn.]

ARISTOCRACY, ar-is-tok'ras-i, _n._ government by the men of best birth or condition: political power of a privileged order: the nobility or chief persons of a state: the upper classes generally, also the persons noted for superiority in any quality, taken collectively--also ARISTARCH'Y (_rare_).--_n._ ARISTOCRAT (ar'is-to-krat, or ar-is'-), one who belongs to or favours an aristocracy: a haughty person.--_adjs._ ARISTOCRAT'IC, -AL, belonging to aristocracy: gentlemanly, stylish.--_adv._ ARISTOCRAT'ICALLY.--_n._ ARISTOCRAT'ISM. [Gr. _aristos_, best, and _kratos_, power.]

ARISTOLOCHIA, ar-is-t[=o]-l[=o]'ki-a, _n._ a genus of shrubs, many climbers, specially abundant in tropical South America. [Gr.; _aristos_, best, _locheia_, child-birth, the roots of several species being formerly thought useful in parturition.]

ARISTOTELIAN, ar-is-to-t[=e]'li-an, _adj._ relating to _Aristotle_ or to his philosophy.

ARITHMANCY, ar'ith-man-si, _n._ divination by numbers.--Also ARITH'MOMANCY. [Gr. _arithmos_, number, and _manteia_, divination.]

ARITHMETIC, ar-ith'met-ik, _n._ the science of numbers: the art of reckoning by figures: a treatise on reckoning.--_adj._ ARITHMET'ICAL.--_adv._ ARITHMET'ICALLY.--_n._ ARITHMETIC'IAN, one skilled in arithmetic--ARITHMETICAL PROGRESSION, a series of numbers that increase or diminish by a common difference, as 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22; or 12, 10½, 9, 7½, 6. To find the sum of such a series, multiply the sum of the first and last terms by half the number of terms. [Gr. _arithm[=e]tik[=e]_ (_techn[=e]_, art), relating to numbers--_arithmos_, number.]

ARITHMOCRACY, ar-ith-mok'ras-i, _n._ a democracy of mere numbers.--_adj._ ARITHMOCRAT'IC. [A coinage of Kingsley--Gr. _arithmos_, number, _kratia_, rule.]

ARITHMOMETER, ar-ith-mom'et-[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for working out arithmetical calculations. [Gr. _arithmos_, number, _metron_, measure.]

ARK, ärk, _n._ a chest or coffer: in Jewish history, the wooden coffer in which the Tables of the Law were kept--hence TO TOUCH or LAY HANDS ON THE ARK, to touch irreverently what is sacred (2 Sam. vi. 6): a large floating vessel, like that in which Noah escaped the Deluge (Gen. vi.-viii.).--_adj._ and _n._ ARK'ITE. [A.S. _arc_--L. _arca_, a chest--_arc[=e]re_, to guard.]

ARLES, ärlz, or [=a]rlz, _n._ earnest money given in confirmation of a bargain, or of the engagement of a servant.--_ns._ ARLE'-PEN'NY, ARLES'-PEN'NY. [Scot. and northern Eng.; M. E. _erles_--O. Fr. _erres_ (mod. Fr. _arrhes_)--L. _arrha_.]

ARM, ärm, _n._ the limb extending from the shoulder to the hand: anything projecting from the main body, as an inlet of the sea, a rail or support from a chair, sofa, or the like: one of the branches into which a main trunk divides: (_fig._) power.--_ns._ ARM'-CHAIR, a chair with arms; ARM'FUL; ARM'-HOLE, the hole in a garment through which the arm is put.--_adv._ ARM'-IN-ARM, with arms interlinked, in close communion.--_adj._ ARM'LESS.--_ns._ ARM'LET, a bracelet; ARM'-PIT, the pit or hollow under the shoulder.--AT ARM'S LENGTH, away from any friendliness or familiarity.--RIGHT ARM, the main support or assistant; SECULAR ARM, the secular or temporal authority, as distinguished from the spiritual or ecclesiastical.--WITH OPEN ARMS, with hearty welcome. [A.S.; cog. with L. _armus_, the shoulder-joint, Gr. _harmos_, a joint.]

ARM, ärm, _n._ a weapon: a branch of the military service:--_pl._ ARMS, weapons of offence and defence: war, hostilities: deeds or exploits of war: armorial ensigns.--_v.t._ ARM, to furnish with arms or weapons: to fortify.--_v.i._ to take arms.--_n._ AR'MATURE, armour: any apparatus for defence: a piece of iron connecting the poles of a bent magnet.--_adj._ ARMED (ärmd, or arm'ed), furnished with arms: provided with means of defence: (_bot._) having prickles or thorns: (_her._) having part of the body different in colour from the rest, as a beak, claws, &c. of a bird.--_n.pl._ FIRE'ARMS, such weapons as employ gunpowder, as guns and pistols.--_n._ MAN'-AT-ARMS, a fully equipped and practised fighting man.--_n.pl._ SMALL'-ARMS, such as do not require carriages, as opposed to artillery.--ARMED TO THE TEETH, completely armed.--COLLEGE OF ARMS, the Heralds' College, which grants armorial bearings.--IN ARMS WITH, quartered with; OF ALL ARMS, of every kind of troops; STAND OF ARMS, a complete equipment of arms for one soldier.--THE ARMED EYE, strengthened with a magnifying-glass, as opp. to _naked eye_.--TO LAY DOWN ARMS, to surrender or submit; UP IN ARMS, in readiness to fight. [Through Fr. from L. _arma_; cog. with ARM.]

ARMADA, ärm-[=a]'da, _n._ a fleet of armed ships, esp. the self-styled _Invincible_ Armada sent by Philip II. against England in 1588. [Sp.--L. _armata_, _armare_, to arm.]

ARMADILLO, ärm-a-dil'o, _n._ a small American edentate quadruped, having its body armed with bands of bony plates:--_pl._ ARMADILL'OS. [Sp., dim. of _armado_, armed.]

ARMAGEDDON, är-mag-ed'on, _n._ the great symbolical battlefield of the Apocalypse, in which the final struggle between the powers of good and evil is to be fought out. [The name was no doubt suggested by the famous battlefield of _Megiddo_, in the plain of Esdraelon.]

ARMAMENT, ärm'a-ment, _n._ forces armed or equipped for war: munitions of war, esp. the great guns with which a ship is armed. [L. _armamenta_--_arma_.]

ARMENIAN, ar-m[=e]'ni-an, _adj._ belonging to _Armenia_, in Western Asia: belonging to the Armenian branch of the Christian Church.--_n._ a native of Armenia.

ARMET, är'met, _n._ a helmet introduced about 1450 in place of the basinet, consisting of an iron cap, spreading over the back of the neck, having in front the visor, beaver, and gorget. [Fr.]

ARMGAUNT, ärm'gänt, _adj._ (_Shak._ once, _Ant. and Cleop._ I. v. 48), with gaunt limbs (?). The word has not been satisfactorily explained, and is most likely an error.

ARMIGER, är'mi-j[.e]r, _n._ an armour-bearer: one entitled to a coat-of-arms: an esquire--also ARMI'GERO (_Shak._).--_adj._ ARMI'GEROUS. [L.; _arma_, arms, _ger[)e]re_, to bear.]

ARMILLARY, är'mil-lar-i, or är-mil'lar-i, _adj._ resembling an armlet or bracelet: consisting of rings or circles.--_n._ ARMIL'LA, in archæology, a bracelet: one of the coronation ornaments: the regalia.--ARMILLARY SPHERE, an instrument constructed to show the motions of the heavenly bodies. [L. _armilla_, an _armlet_. See ARM (1).]

ARMINIAN, ar-min'yan, _n._ a follower of _Arminius_ (1560-1609), a Dutch divine, who denied the Calvinistic doctrine of absolute predestination, as well as irresistible grace.--_adj._ holding the doctrines of Arminius.--_n._ ARMIN'IANISM.

ARMIPOTENT, ärm-ip'[=o]-tent, _adj._ powerful in arms. [L. _arma_, arms, _potens_, _-entis_, powerful.]

ARMISTICE, ärm'ist-is, _n._ a short suspension of hostilities: a truce. [Fr.--Low L. _armistitium_, from L. _arma_, arms, _sist[)e]re_--_stitum_, to stop.]

ARMOIRE, arm'war, _n._ an ambry or cupboard. [Fr.]

ARMORIC, ar-mor'ik, _n._ the language of the inhabitants of _Armorica_, the ancient name for Brittany. [L. _Armoricus_--Celt. _are-mor_, before the sea.]

ARMOUR, ärm'ur, _n._ defensive arms or dress: heraldic insignia: plating of ships of war.--_adj._ ARM[=O]'RIAL, belonging to armour, or to the arms of a family.--_ns._ ARM'OUR-BEAR'ER; ARM'OURER, a maker or repairer of, or one who has the charge of, armour.--_adj._ ARM'OUR-PLAT'ED.--_ns._ ARM'OURY, ARM'ORY, the place in which arms are made or kept: a collection of ancient armour; COAT'-ARM'OUR, originally a vest of silk embroidered in colours, worn by a knight over his armour. [See ARM (2).]

ARMOZEEN, ARMOZINE, är-mo-z[=e]n', _n._ a kind of taffeta or plain silk, usually black, used for clerical gowns. [Fr. _armoisin_.]

ARMY, ärm'i, _n._ a large body of men armed for war and under military command: a body of men banded together in a special cause, whether travestying military methods, as the 'Salvation Army,' or not, as the 'Blue Ribbon Army:' a host: a great number.--_ns._ ARM'Y-CORPS (-k[=o]r), a main division of an army, a miniature army comprising all arms of the service; ARM'Y-LIST, a list of all commissioned officers, issued periodically by the War Office; ARM'Y-WORM, a European grub which collects in vast armies. [Fr. _armée_--L. _armata_, _arm[=a]re_.]

ARNICA, är'ni-ka, _n._ a genus of composite plants, of which the species _A. montana_, or Mountain Tobacco, formerly enjoyed a great repute in medicine as a stimulant in paralytic affections, low fevers, &c.--its flowers still yield a tincture externally applied to wounds and bruises. [Mod. L.; origin unknown.]

ARNOTTO, ar-not'to. See ANATTA.

AROINT, a-roint', _interj._ (_Shak._) away! begone! used only twice in the phrase, '_Aroint_ thee, witch:' to bid begone (_arch._ usage in Browning).--_v.t._ to drive or frighten away. [Origin unknown; perh. in some provincialism, like the Yorkshire _rynd-ta_, 'round-thee,' 'move-round,' spoken to a cow in her stall.]

AROMA, a-r[=o]'ma, _n._ sweet smell: the odorous principle of plants: (_fig._) flavour or peculiar charm of any kind.--_adj._ AROMAT'IC, fragrant: spicy.--_v.t._ AR[=O]'MATISE, to render aromatic: to perfume:--_pr.p._ ar[=o]'matising; _pa.p._ ar[=o]'matised. [Through Fr. and L. from Gr. _ar[=o]ma_.]

AROSE, a-r[=o]z', _pa.t._ of ARISE.

AROUND, a-rownd', _prep._ on all sides of: (_Amer._) round about.--_adv._ on every side: in a circle: (_Amer._) round, all about, [_a_, on, and ROUND.]

AROUSE, a-rowz', _v.t._ and _v.i._ same as ROUSE.--_ns._ AROUSE, AROUS'AL (_rare_).

AROW, a-r[=o]', _adv._ in a row: one following the other. [Prep. _a_, and ROW.]

AROYNT. Same as AROINT.

ARPEGGIO, är-pej'[=o], _n._ (_mus._) a chord of which the notes are given, not simultaneously, but in rapid succession. [It. _arpeggiare_, to play upon the harp--_arpa_, harp.]

ARPENT, är'pent, _n._ an old French measure for land still used in Quebec and Louisiana = 100 sq. perches, varying with the perch from 1¼ acre to 5/6 of an acre. [Fr.--L. _arepennis_, said to be a Gallic word.]

ARQUEBUSE, är'kwi-bus, _n._ an old-fashioned hand-gun--also HAR'QUEBUS.--_n._ ARQUEBUSIER'. [Fr. _arquebuse_--Dut. _haakbus_--_haak_, hook, and _bus_, box, barrel of a gun; Ger. _hakenbüchse_.]

ARRACACHA, ar-a-kach'ä, _n._ an umbelliferous plant with esculent roots, native to the northern parts of South America. [Native Ind. name.]

ARRACK, ar'ak, _n._ an ardent spirit used in the East, procured from _toddy_ or the fermented juice of the coco and other palms, as well as from rice and _jaggery_ sugar. [Ar. _`araq_, juice.]

ARRAH, ar'a, _interj._ Anglo-Irish expletive of emotion, wonder, &c.

ARRAIGN, ar-r[=a]n', _v.t._ to call one to account: to put a prisoner upon trial: to accuse publicly.--_ns._ ARRAIGN'ER; ARRAIGN'ING; ARRAIGN'MENT. [O. Fr. _aresnier_--Low L. _arration[=a]re_--L. _ad_, to, _rationem_, reason.]

ARRANGE, ar-r[=a]nj', _v.t._ to set in a rank or row: to put in order: to settle: (_mus._) to adapt a composition for instruments or voices for which it was not originally written, as when orchestral or vocal compositions are set for the pianoforte, or the reverse.--_v.i._ to come to an agreement.--_n._ ARRANGE'MENT, act of arranging: classification: settlement. [O. Fr. _arangier_--_à_ (--L. _ad_, to), and _rangier_, _rengier_. See RANGE.]

ARRANT, ar'rant, _adj._ downright, notorious (used in a bad sense): unmitigated.--_adv._ AR'RANTLY. [A variant of ERRANT. From its use in phrases like 'arrant thief,' it passed naturally into a general term used with other terms of abuse.]

ARRAS, ar'ras, _n._ tapestry: a hanging screen of such hung round the walls of rooms.--_p.adj._ AR'RASED, covered with arras.--_n._ AR'RASENE, an embroidery material of wool and silk stitched in like crewels. [From _Arras_ in Northern France, where first manufactured.]

ARRAUGHT, ar-rawt', _adj._ (_Spens._) seized on by force:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of ARREACH. [See REACH.]

ARRAY, ar-r[=a]', _n._ order: dress: equipage.--_v.t._ to put in order: to arrange: to dress, adorn, or equip. [O. Fr. _arroi_, array, equipage--L. _ad_, and a Teut. root, found in Eng. READY, Ger. _bereit_, A.S. _ger['æ]de_, preparation, Dan. _rede_, order.]

ARREAR, ar-r[=e]r', _n._ that which is in the rear or behind: that which remains unpaid or undone (used mostly in _pl._).--_adv._ ARREAR', backward, behind.--_n._ ARREAR'AGE (_Shak._), arrears. [O. Fr. _arere_, _ariere_ (Fr. _arrière_)--L. _ad_, to, _retro_, back, behind.]

ARRECT, a-rekt', _adj._ upright: erected, as the ears: on the alert. [L. _arrectus_.]

ARREST, ar-rest', _v.t._ to stop: to seize: to catch the attention: to apprehend by legal authority.--_n._ stoppage: seizure by warrant.--_adj._ ARREST'ABLE, liable to be arrested.--_n._ ARREST[=A]'TION, the act of arresting: arrest.--_adj._ ARREST'IVE, with a tendency to arrest.--_n._ ARREST'MENT (_law_), detention of a person arrested till liberated on bail, or by security: (_Scots law_) the process which prohibits a debtor from making payment to his creditor until another debt due to the person making use of the arrestment by such creditor is paid. [O. Fr. _arester_--L. _ad_, to, _rest[=a]re_, to stand still.]

ARRET, ar-ret', or a-r[=a]', _n._ decision: judgment of a tribunal--properly of the king or parliament of France. [Fr. _arrêt_. See ARREST.]

ARRIDE, a-r[=i]d', _v.t._ (_Lamb_) to please, gratify. [L. _arrid[=e]-re_.]

ARRIÈRE-BAN, är'yer-bän, or ä-r[=e]r'ban, _n._ in feudal times, the sovereign's summons to all freemen to take the field: the army thus collected. [O. Fr. _ariereban_, Old High Ger. _hari_, army, and _ban_, public proclamation.]

ARRIS, ar'ris, _n._ a sharp ridge or edge on stone or metal. [See ARÊTE.]

ARRIVE, ar-r[=i]v', _v.i._ to reach any place: to attain to any object (with _at_).--_ns._ ARR[=I]V'AL, the act of arriving: persons or things that arrive; ARR[=I]V'ANCE (_Shak._), company arriving. [O. Fr. _ariver_--Low L. _adrip[=a]re_--L. _ad_, to, _ripa_, a bank.]

ARROBA, a-r[=o]'ba, _n._ a weight of 25 or more pounds, used in Spanish and Portuguese regions. [Ar.]

ARROGATE, ar'rog-[=a]t, _v.t._ to claim as one's own: to claim proudly or unduly.--_ns._ AR'ROGANCE, AR'ROGANCY, undue assumption of importance.--_adj._ AR'ROGANT, claiming too much: overbearing.--_adv._ AR'ROGANTLY.--_n._ ARROG[=A]'TION, act of arrogating: undue assumption. [L. _arrog[=a]re_--_ad_, to, _rog[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to ask, to claim.]

ARRONDISSEMENT, ar-ron'd[=e]s-mäng, _n._ a subdivision of a French department, comprising a number of communes. [Fr.--_arrondir_, to make round.]

ARROW, ar'r[=o], _n._ a straight, pointed weapon, made to be shot from a bow: any arrow-shaped pin or ornament: the chief shoot of a plant, esp. the flowering stem of the sugar-cane.--_n._ AR'ROW-HEAD, the head or pointed part of an arrow: an aquatic plant native to England, with arrow-shaped leaves rising above the water--reputed good for hydrophobia.--_adj._ AR'ROW-HEAD'ED, shaped like the head of an arrow.--_n._ AR'ROW-SHOT, the distance traversed by an arrow.--_adj._ AR'ROWY, of or like arrows. [A.S. _earh_, _arwe_; cog. with L. _arcus_; akin to Ice. _ör_, _örvar_.]

ARROWROOT, ar'r[=o]-r[=oo]t, _n._ a starch obtained from the roots of certain plants growing chiefly in West Indies, and much used as food for invalids and children. [Said to be so named because used by the Indians of South America as an antidote against wounds caused by poisoned _arrows_.]

'ARRY, ar'i, _n._ a jovial vulgar fellow who drops his h's:--_fem._ 'AR'RIET.--_adj._ 'AR'RYISH, in holiday spirits. [From the vulgar Cockney pronunciation of _Harry_.]

ARSE, ärs, _n._ the posterior parts of an animal.--_adv._ and _adj._ ARS'Y-VERS'Y, backside foremost, contrary. [A.S. _ears_; Ger. _arsch_, Sw. _ars_; cog. with Gr. _orros_.]

ARSENAL, är'se-nal, _n._ a dock possessing naval stores: a public magazine or manufactory of naval and military stores. [It. _arzenale_, _arsenale_ (Sp., Fr. _arsenal_)--Ar. _d[=a]r aççin[=a]`ah_, workshop; _d[=a]r_, house, _al_, the, _cin[=a]`ah_, art.]

ARSENIC, ar'sen-ik, _n._ one of the chemical elements: a mineral poison: a soft, gray-coloured metal.--_ns._ AR'SENATE, ARS[=E]'NIATE, a salt of arsenic acid.--_adjs._ ARSEN'IC, -AL, composed of or containing arsenic: in chemistry, applied to compounds; ARS[=E]'NIOUS, of or containing arsenic.--_n._ AR'SENITE, a salt of arsenious acid. [Gr. _arsenikon_, _arsen_, male; the alchemists fancied some metals male, others female.]

ARSIS, ar'sis, _n._ grammatical term applied to the elevation of the voice to a higher pitch in speaking: (_mus._) the strong position in a bar: the strong syllable in English metre:--_pl._ AR'S[=E]S. [L.--Gr. _arsis_--_airein_, to lift.]

ARSON, ärs'on, _n._ the crime of wilfully burning houses or other buildings.--_ns._ AR'SONITE, AR'SONIST (_rare_). [O. Fr. _arson_--L. _arsion-em_, _ard[=e]re_, _arsum_, to burn.]

ART, ärt, 2d pers. sing. of the present tense of the verb _To be_. [A.S. _eart._]

ART, ärt, _n._ practical skill guided by rules: human skill as opposed to nature: skill as applied to subjects of taste, the fine arts--music, painting, sculpture, architecture, and poetry: (_pl._) specially used of certain branches of learning to be acquired as necessary for pursuit of higher studies, or for the work of life, as in phrase 'faculty of arts, master of arts:' the rules and methods of doing certain actions: a profession, skilled trade, or craft: contrivance: cunning, artfulness, or address: artifice, special faculty of some kind acquired by practice, skill, dexterity, knack: special faculty of giving expression to æsthetic or artistic quality, as in _art-furniture_, &c., supposed, by the buyer, in this respect, to justify its price.--_adj._ ART'FUL, full of art: (_arch._) dexterous, clever: cunning: produced by art.--_adv._ ART'FULLY.--_n._ ART'FULNESS.--_adj._ ART'LESS, simple: (_rare_) inartistic: guileless, unaffected.--_adv._ ART'LESSLY.--_ns._ ART'LESSNESS; ARTS'MAN, one who cultivates some practical knowledge: (_arch._) a man skilled in arts or in learning.--_n.pl._ ART'-UN'IONS, associations having for their object the promotion of an interest in the fine arts.--ART AND PART, as in the phrase 'to be art and part in,' originally in legal expressions like 'to be concerned in either by art or part'--i.e. either by _art_ in contriving or by _part_ in actual execution; now loosely used in the sense of participating, sharing.--USEFUL ARTS as opposed to _Fine arts_, those in which the hands and body are more concerned than the mind.--SCIENCE and ART differ essentially in their aims--_Science_, in Mill's words, 'takes cognisance of a _phenomenon_, and endeavours to ascertain its _law_; _Art_ proposes to itself an _end_, and looks out for means to effect it.' [L. _ars_, _artis_. See ARM.]