Part 14

ANTITHEISM, an-ti-th[=e]'izm, _n._ the doctrine which denies the existence of a God.--_n._ ANTITH[=E]'IST.--_adj._ ANTITHEIST'IC.

ANTITHESIS, an-tith'e-sis, _n._ a figure in which thoughts or words are set in contrast: a counter-thesis, counter-proposition: opposition: the contrast:--_pl._ ANTITH'ES[=E]S.--_n._ ANT'ITHET (_rare_), an instance of antithesis.--_adjs._ ANTITHET'IC, -AL.--_adv._ ANTITHET'ICALLY. [Gr.; _anti_, against, _tith[=e]mi_, to place.]

ANTITOXIN, an-ti-tok'sin, _n._ the name applied to substances present in the blood of an animal which neutralise the action of toxins or bacterial poisons.--_adj._ ANTITOX'IC.

ANTITRADE, an'ti-tr[=a]d, _n._ a wind that blows in the opposite direction to the trade-wind--that is, in the northern hemisphere from south-west, and in the southern hemisphere from north-west.

ANTITRINITARIAN, an-ti-trin-it-[=a]r'i-an, _n._ and _adj._ opposed to the doctrine of the Trinity.--_n._ ANTITRINITAR'IANISM.

ANTITYPE, an'ti-t[=i]p, _n._ that which corresponds to the type: that which is prefigured by the type, as Christ by the paschal lamb.--_adjs._ ANTITYP'AL, -TYP'ICAL.

ANTLER, ant'l[.e]r, _n._ a bony outgrowth from the frontal bones of deer--restricted to males, except in the reindeer: branch of a stag's horn.--_adj._ ANT'LERED. [O. Fr. _antoillier_--Late L. _ant(e)ocular-em_ (_ramum_), the branch of a stag's horn in front of the eyes.]

ANT-LION, ant'-l[=i]'on, _n._ the larva of an insect of the order Neuroptera, remarkable for the ingenuity of its insect-catching habits. [Trans. of Gr. _murm[=e]kole[=o]n_ in the Septuagint; _murm[=e]x_, ant, _le[=o]n_, lion.]

ANTONOMASIA, ant-on-om-[=a]z'i-a, _n._ a figure of speech which uses an epithet on the name of an office or attributive for a person's proper name, e.g. his lordship for an earl; and conversely, e.g. a Napoleon for a great conqueror. [Gr.; _anti_, instead, and _onomazein_, to name, _onoma_, a name.]

ANTONYM, ant'[=o]-nim, _n._ a word which is the opposite of another. [Gr. _anti_, against, _onoma_, a name.]

ANTRE, an't[.e]r, _n._ a cave or grotto. [Fr.; L. _antrum_, a cave.]

ANURA, a-n[=u]'ra, _n.pl._ tailless amphibia, as the frog and toad.--Also ANOU'RA. [Gr. _an-_, priv., _oura_, tail.]

ANUS, [=a]n'us, _n._ the lower orifice of the bowels. [L., for _as-nus_, 'sitting-part,' from root _as_, to sit.]

ANVIL, an'vil, _n._ an iron block on which smiths hammer metal into shape.--ON or UPON THE ANVIL, in preparation, under discussion. [A.S. _anfilte_, _on filte_; _on_, on, and a supposed _filtan_, to weld, appearing also in FELT.]

ANXIOUS, angk'shus, _adj._ uneasy regarding something doubtful: solicitous.--_n._ ANX[=I]'ETY, state of being anxious--_adv._ AN'XIOUSLY.--_n._ AN'XIOUSNESS. [L. _anxius_--_ang-[)e]re_, to press tightly. See ANGER, ANGUISH.]

ANY, en'ni, _adj._ one indefinitely: some: whoever. _n._ AN'YBODY, any single individual.--_adv._ ANYHOW, in any way whatever: in any case, at least.--_ns._ AN'YTHING, a thing indefinitely, as opposed to nothing: any whit, to any extent; ANYTHING[=A]'RIAN, one with no beliefs in particular; ANYTHING[=A]'RIANISM--_advs._ AN'YWAY, AN'YWAYS, in any manner: anyhow: in any case; AN'YWHERE, AN'YWHEN, in any place whatever, at any time; AN'YWISE, in any manner, to any degree.--ANY ONE, any single individual, anybody.--AT ANY RATE, whatever may happen, at all events.--IF ANYTHING, if in any degree. [A.S. _ænig_--_an_, one.]

AONIAN, [=a]-[=o]'ni-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Aonia_ in Greece, or to the Muses supposed to dwell there.--AONIAN FOUNT, the fountain Aganippe, on a slope of Mount Helicon--the Æonian mount.

AORIST, [=a]'or-ist, _n._ the name of certain tenses in the Greek verb expressing indefinite time.--_adj._ AORIST'IC. [Gr. _aoristos_, indefinite--_a_, neg., and _horistos_, _horizein_, _horos_, a limit.]

AORTA, [=a]-or'ta, _n._ the great arterial trunk which, rising from the left ventricle of the heart, sends its branches ramifying through the whole body--in man subdivided into the _arch_, the _thoracic aorta_, and the _abdominal aorta_.--_adjs._ AOR'TAL, AOR'TIC. [Gr. _aort[=e]_--_aeir-ein_, to raise up.]

APACE, a-p[=a]s', _adv._ at a quick pace: swiftly: fast: said of the flight of time generally. [Prep. _a_, and PACE.]

APAGOGIC, -AL, ap-a-goj'ik, -al, _adj._ proving indirectly by an _apagoge_ or reduction to an absurdity, the truth of the thesis being evinced through the falsehood of its opposite--opposed to _direct_ or _ostensive_ proof. [Gr. _apag[=o]g[=e]_, leading away, abduction, _apagein_, to lead off.]

APANAGE. See APPANAGE.

APART, a-pärt', _adv._ separately: aside: asunder, parted: separate: away from all employment: out of consideration, not considered for the moment (with _from_).--_n._ APART'NESS.--TO SET APART, to separate, consecrate. [Fr. _à part_--L. _a parte_, from the part or side.]

APARTMENT, a-pärt'ment, _n._ a separate room in a house occupied by a particular person or party: (_arch._) a suite or set of such rooms--now in this sense the _pl._: (_obs._) a compartment.--_adj._ APARTMENT'AL. [Fr. _appartement_, a suite of rooms forming a complete dwelling, through Low L., from L. _ad_, and _part[=i]re_, to divide--_pars_, a part.]

APATHY, ap'ath-i, _n._ want of feeling: absence of passion: indifference.--_adjs._ APATHET'IC, APATHET'ICAL (_rare_).--_adv._ APATHET'ICALLY. [Gr.; _a_, neg., _pathos_, feeling.]

APATITE, ap'a-t[=i]t, _n._ a phosphate of lime of great variety of colour. [Gr. _apat[=e]_, deceit, its form and colour being deceptive.]

APAY, a-p[=a]', _v.t._ (_arch._) to satisfy, content: (_obs._) to repay. [O. Fr. _apayer_, from L. _ad_, and _pac[=a]re_ _pac-em_, peace.]

APE, [=a]p, _n._ a monkey: a monkey without a tail or with a very short one: a simian proper, linking man and the lower animals, and hence termed _Anthropoid_--gorilla, chimpanzee, orang-outang, or gibbon: one who plays the ape, a silly imitator: (_Shak._) an imitator in a good or neutral sense.--_v.t._ to imitate as an ape.--_ns._ APE'DOM; APE'HOOD; AP'ERY, conduct of one who apes, any ape-like action: a colony of apes.--_adj._ AP'ISH, like an ape: imitative: foppish.--_adv._ AP'ISHLY.--_ns._ AP'ISHNESS, AP'ISM (_Carlyle_).--GOD'S APE, a born fool.--TO LEAD APES IN HELL, believed to be the lot of old maids there; TO MAKE ANY ONE HIS APE, TO PUT AN APE IN HIS HOOD (_obs._), to make a fool of any one. [A.S. _apa_; Ger. _affe_.]

APEAK, APEEK, a-p[=e]k', _adv._ (_naut._) vertical--the anchor is apeak when the cable is drawn so as to bring the ship's bow directly over it. [_a_, to, and PEAK.]

APELLES, a-pel'ez, _n._ any consummate artist, from the great Greek painter _Apelles_, under Alexander the Great.

APEPSY, a-pep'si, APEPSIA, a-pep'si-a, _n._ weakness of digestion. [Gr. _apepsia_, indigestion; _a_, priv., _peptein_, to digest.]

APERÇU, a-per's[=oo], _n._ a summary exposition: a brief outline. [Fr. _aperçu_, pa.p. of _apercevoir_, to perceive.]

APERIENT, a-p[=e]'-ri-ent, _adj._ opening: mildly purgative.--_n._ any laxative medicine. [L. _aperientem_, _aper[=i]re_, to open.]

APERT, a-pert', _adj._ (_arch._) open, public--opp. to _Privy_.--_n._ APERT'NESS. [L. _apert-um_, pa.p. of _aper[=i]re_, to open.]

APERTURE, a'p[.e]rt-[=u]r, _n._ an opening: the space through which light passes in an optical instrument: a hole. [L. _apertura_--_aper[=i]re_, to open.]

APETALOUS, a-pet'al-us, _adj._ (_bot._) without petals. [Gr. _a_, neg., and _petalon_, a petal.]

APEX, [=a]'peks, _n._ the summit or point: the vertex of a triangle: the culminating point, climax of anything:--_pl._ APEXES ([=a]'peks-ez), APICES (ap'i-s[=e]z). [L. _apex_, the peak of the flamen's cap.]

APHÆRESIS, APHERESIS, a-fer'i-sis, _n._ (_gram._) the taking away of a letter or syllable at the beginning of a word. [Gr. _aphairesis_, a taking away, _apo_, away, and _haire-ein_, to take.]

APHANIPTERA, af-an-ip't[.e]r-a, _n.pl._ a small order of insects having but rudimentary scales in place of wings.--_adj._ APHANIP'TEROUS. [Gr. _aphan[=e]s_, invisible, _pteron_, wing.]

APHASIA, a-f[=a]'zi-a, _n._ inability to express thought in words by reason of some brain disease: or, more widely still, the loss of the faculty of interchanging thought, without any affection of the intellect or will.--_adj._ APHAS'IC. [Gr.; _a_, neg., _phasis_, speech--_phanai_, to speak.]

APHELION, a-f[=e]'li-on, _n._ the point of a planet's orbit farthest away from the sun:--_pl._ APH[=E]'LIA. [Gr. _apo_, from, _h[=e]lios_, the sun.]

APHELIOTROPIC, a-f[=e]-li-o-trop'ik, _adj._ turning away from the sun. [Gr. _apo_, away, _h[=e]lios_, sun, and _tropikos_, belonging to turning--_trep-ein_, to turn.]

APHEMIA, a-f[=e]m'i-a, _n._ loss of speech caused by difficulty in articulation due to paralysis. [Gr. _a_, neg., and _ph[=e]m[=e]_, voice, fame--_phanai_, to speak.]

APHERESIS. See APHÆRESIS.

APHESIS, af'es-is, _n._ the gradual loss of an unaccented vowel at the beginning of a word, as in _squire_ = _esquire_--a special form of Aphæresis.--_adj._ APHET'IC. [Coined by Dr Murray. Gr.]

APHIS, [=a]'fis, _n._ a family of small 'plant-lice' belonging to the order of hemipterous insects, occurring in temperate regions as parasites on the roots, leaves, stems, &c. of plants. Some kinds are tended, protected, and imprisoned by ants for the 'honey-dew' which they secrete, hence called Ant-cows:--_pl._ APHIDES (af'i-d[=e]z).--_adj._ and _n._ APHID'IAN. [Ety. unknown; one conjecture connects the word with Gr. _apheideis_, unsparing (_a_, neg., and _pheidomai_, to spare), from the remarkable rapidity of propagation.]

APHONY, af-on-i, _n._ loss of voice: dumbness--the more common form is APH[=O]'NIA.--_adjs._ APHON'IC, APHON'OUS, voiceless. [Gr. _a_, neg., _ph[=o]n[=e]_, voice.]

APHORISM, af'or-izm, _n._ a concise statement of a principle in any science: a brief, pithy saying: an adage.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ APH'ORISE, to coin or use aphorisms.--_ns._ APH'ORISER; APH'ORIST, a writer of aphorisms.--_adj._ APHORIS'TIC, in the form of an aphorism.--_adv._ APHORIST'ICALLY. [Gr. _aphorizein_, to mark off by boundaries--_apo_, from, and _horos_, a limit.]

APHRODISIAC, af-ro-diz'-i-ak, _adj._ exciting to sexual intercourse.--_n._ that which excites to sexual intercourse.--_adj._ APHRODIS'IAN, belonging to Venus, devoted to sensual love. [Gr. _aphrodisiakos_--_Aphrodit[=e]_, Venus, the goddess of love.]

APHTHÆ, af'th[=e], _n.pl._ small whitish ulcers on the surface of a mucous membrane. [Gr. _aphtha_, mostly in pl. _aphthai_, usually connected with _hapt-ein_, to set on fire.]

APHYLLOUS, a-fil'us, _adj._ (_bot._) destitute of leaves. [Gr. _a_, neg., _phyllon_, a leaf.]

APIARY, [=a]p'i-ar-i, _n._ a place where bees are kept.--_adjs._ APIAR'IAN, AP'IAN, relating to bees or bee-keeping.--_n._ AP'IARIST, one who keeps an apiary: one who studies the habits of bees. [L. _apiarium_--_apis_, a bee.]

APICAL, ap'ik-al, _adj._ relating to the apex, or top.--_adv._ AP'ICALLY. [See APEX.]

APICES. See APEX.

APICIAN, a-pish'yan, _adj._ relating to _Apicius_, the Roman epicurean in the time of Tiberius: luxurious and expensive in diet.

APICULTURE, [=a]'pi-cult-[=u]r, _n._ bee-keeping. [L. _apis_, bee, and _cultura_, keeping--_col[)e]re_, to keep.]

APIECE, a-p[=e]s', _adv._ for each piece, thing, or person: to each individually.--_adv._ APIEC'ES (_obs._), in pieces.

APINCH, a-pinsh', _adv._ pinching, so as to pinch. [Prep. _a_, and PINCH.]

APLACENTAL, ap-la-sen'tal, _adj._ having no placenta. [_a_ and PLACENTAL. See PLACENTA.]

APLOMB, a-plom', _n._ the perpendicular, perpendicularity: self-possession, coolness. [Fr. _aplomb_, perpendicular position--_à plomb_, according to plummet.]

APLUSTRE, ap-lus't[.e]r, _n._ the ornament rising above the stern of ancient ships, often a sheaf of volutes. [L.--Gr. _aphlaston_.]

APNOEA, ap-n[=e]'a, _n._ a cessation of breathing. [Gr. _apnoia_.]

APOCALYPSE, a-pok'al-ips, _n._ the name of the last book of the New Testament containing the 'revelation' granted to St John: any revelation or disclosure.--_ns._ APOC'ALYPST, APOC'ALYPT, a revealer of the future.--_adjs._ APOCALYPT'IC, -AL.--_adv._ APOCALYPT'ICALLY.--_n._ APOCALYPT'IST, the writer of the Apocalypse.--APOCALYPTIC NUMBER, the mystical number 666, spoken of in the Apocalypse. The best solution of the riddle is Neron Kesar--Hebrew form of the Latin Nero Cæsar. The vowels _e_ and _a_ are not expressed in the ancient Hebrew writing: accordingly NeRON KeSaR gives

N R O N K S R 50 + 200 + 6 + 50 + 100 + 60 + 200 = 666.

[Gr.; a revelation, an uncovering--_apo_, from, _kalypt-ein_, to cover.]

APOCARPOUS, ap-o-kär'pus, _adj._ (_bot._) having the carpels distinct. [Gr. _apo_, from, _karpos_, fruit.]

APOCATASTASIS, a-po-ka-tast'a-sis, _n._ (_theol._) the final restitution of all things, when at the appearance of the Messiah the kingdom of God shall be extended over the whole earth--an idea extended by Origen to imply the final conversion and salvation of all created beings, the devil and his angels not excepted. [Gr.; _apo-kathistanai_, to set up again.]

APOCOPATE, a-pok'o-p[=a]t, _v.t._ to cut off the last letter or syllable of a word:--_pr.p._ apoc'op[=a]ting; _pa.p._ apoc'op[=a]ted.--_ns._ APOCOP[=A]'TION; APOCOPE (a-pok'op-[=e]), _n._ the cutting off of the last letter or syllable of a word. [Gr. _apo_, off, _koptein_, to cut.]

APOCRYPHA, a-pok'rif-a, _n._ as applied to religious writings = (1) those suitable for the initiated only; (2) those of unknown date and origin; (3) those which are spurious--the term generally means the fourteen books or parts of books known as the Apocrypha of the Old Testament--found in the Septuagint but not the Hebrew or Palestinian canon:--(1) First, or Third, Esdras; (2) Second, or Fourth, Esdras; (3) Tobit; (4) Judith; (5) the parts of Esther not found in Hebrew or Chaldee; (6) The Wisdom of Solomon; (7) The Wisdom of Jesus, the son of Sirach, or Ecclesiasticus; (8) Baruch; (9) The Song of the Three Holy Children; (10) The History of Susannah; (11) Bel and the Dragon; (12) The Prayer of Manasses, king of Judah; (13) First Maccabees; (14) Second Maccabees. The Apocryphal books of the New Testament, as the Protevangelium of James, the Gospel of Thomas, the Gesta Pilati, &c., stand on quite a different footing, never having been accepted by any as canonical, or in any way authoritative: hidden or secret things.--_adj._ APOC'RYPHAL, of doubtful authority. [Gr., 'things hidden'--_apo_, from, _krypt-ein_, to hide.]

APODAL, ap'od-al, _adj._ without feet: without ventral fins. [Gr. _a_, neg., _pous_, _podos_, a foot.]

APODEICTIC, a-po-d[=i]k'tik, _adj._ a logical term signifying a proposition which is necessarily true--demonstrative without demonstration, beyond contradiction--opp. to _Dialectic_.--_adj._ APODEIC'TICAL.--_adv._ APODEIC'TICALLY. [Gr. _apodeiktikos_--_apodeiknunai_ (_apo_ and _deiknunai_), to show off, demonstrate.]

APODIABOLOSIS, a-po-di-a-bol'o-sis, _n._ (_rare_--_Hare_) lowering to the rank of a devil. [Gr. _apo_, and _diabolos_, devil. Formed like APOTHEOSIS.]

APODOSIS, a-pod'o-sis, _n._ (_gram._) the consequent clause in a conditional sentence, as opp. to the _Protasis_. [Gr.; _apo_, back, _didonai_, to give.]

APODYTERIUM, a-po-di-t[=e]r'i-um, _n._ the apartment in an ancient bath where the clothes were deposited. [Gr.; _apodyein_ (_apo_, from, and _dy-ein_), to undress.]

APOGEE, ap'o-j[=e], _n._ properly the greatest distance of the earth from any of the heavenly bodies (the earth being regarded as the centre of the universe in the old Ptolemaic astronomy), now restricted to the sun and moon, the sun's apogee corresponding to the earth's aphelion, and the moon's being the point of its orbit farthest from the earth: the highest point, climax--opp. to _Perigee_.--_adjs._ APOGÆ'IC, APOG[=E]'AN; APOGEOTROP'IC, turning away from the ground (of leaves, &c.).--_adv._ APOGEOTROP'ICALLY.--_n._ APOGE[=O]T'ROPISM. [Gr. _apogaion_; _apo_, from, _g[=e]_, the earth.]

APOGRAPH, a'po-graf, _n._ an exact copy. [Gr. _apographon_, a copy--_apo-graph-ein_, to write off, copy.]

APOLAUSTIC, a-po-law'stik, _adj._ devoted to the search of enjoyment.--_n._ the philosophy of the pleasurable. [Gr. _apolaustikos_--_apolau-ein_, to enjoy.]

APOLLINARIANISM, a-pol-i-n[=a]'ri-an-izm, _n._ the doctrine that the _Logos_, or divine nature in Christ, took the place of the rational human soul or mind, and that the body of Christ was a spiritualised and glorified form of humanity--taught by Apollinaris the younger, Bishop of Laodicea in Syria (died 390 A.D.), condemned as denying the _true_ human nature of Christ by the second Oecumenical Council at Constantinople (381).--_adj._ APOLLIN[=A]'RIAN.

APOLLONIAN, a-po-l[=o]n'i-an, _adj._ having the characteristics of Apollo, sun-god of the Greeks and Romans, patron of poetry and music: named from _Apollonius_ of Perga, who studied conic sections in the time of Ptolemy Philopator.--Also APOLLON'IC.

APOLLONICON, a-pol-[=o]n'i-kon, _n._ a chamber organ of vast power, supplied with both keys and barrels, first exhibited in 1817. [Formed from _Apollonic_, as _harmonicon_ from _harmonic_.]

APOLLYON, a-pol'yun, _n._ the destroyer: Satan (same as ABADDON, Rev. ix. 11). [Gr. _apolly[=o]n_, destroying utterly; _apolly-ein_, _apo-_, and _ollynai_, to destroy.]

APOLOGETIC, -AL, a-pol-oj-et'ik, -al, _adj._ excusing: regretfully acknowledging: said or written in defence.--_adv._ APOLOGET'ICALLY.--_n._ APOLOGET'ICS, that branch of theology concerned with the defence of Christianity. It falls under the two heads of _natural_ and _revealed_ theology--in the former it proves the existence of God, of the soul in man, a future state; in the latter, the canonicity, inspiration, and trustworthiness of Scripture.

APOLOGUE, a'pol-og, _n._ a fable, parable, or short allegorical story, intended to serve as a pleasant vehicle for some moral doctrine--applied more particularly to one in which the actors are animals or inanimate things, e.g. the apologue of Jotham in Judges, ix. 7-15. [Fr.--Gr. _apologos_, a fable--_apo_, from, _logos_, speech.]

APOLOGY, a-pol'oj-i, _n._ something spoken to ward off an attack: a defence or justification: frank acknowledgment of an offence: a poor substitute (with _for_; _of_ is obsolete).--_v.i._ APOL'OGISE, to make excuse: to express regret for a fault (with _for_).--_n._ APOL'OGIST, one who makes an apology: a defender by argument. [Gr.; _apo_, from, _-logia_, speaking--_leg-ein_, to speak.]

APOMORPHIA, a-po-morf'i-a, _n._ an alkaloid prepared from morphia by heating hydrochloric acid--a rapid and powerful emetic. [Gr. _apo_, from, and MORPHIA.]

APOOP, a-p[=oo]p', _adv._ on the poop, astern.

APOPETALOUS, ap-o-pet'al-us, _adj._ (_bot._) having distinct or free petals. [Gr. _apo_, away, and _petalon_, a leaf.]

APOPHLEGMATIC, a-po-fleg-mat'ik, _adj._ and _n._ promoting the removal of phlegm. [Gr. _apo-_, and PHLEGMATIC.]

APOPHTHEGM, APOTHEGM, a'po-them, _n._ a pithy saying, more short, pointed, and practical than the aphorism need be, e.g. 'God helps them that help themselves.'---_adjs._ APOPHTHEGMAT'IC, -AL, pertaining to the nature of an apophthegm, pithy, sententious.--_adv._ APOPHTHEGMAT'ICALLY.--_v.i._ APOPHTHEG'MATISE, to speak in apophthegms.--_n._ APOPHTHEG'MATIST. [Gr. _apophthegma_--_apo_, forth, and _phthengesthai_, to utter.]

APOPLEXY, a'po-pleks-i, _n._ loss of sensation and of motion by a sudden stroke, generally applied by modern medical writers to rupture of a blood-vessel, with hemorrhage in the brain or its membranes, whether with or without consciousness--also figuratively.--_adjs._ APOPLEC'TIC, -AL, pertaining to or causing apoplexy: suffering from, or likely to suffer from, apoplexy.--_adv._ APOPLEC'TICALLY.--_n._ AP'OPLEX (_arch._), apoplexy.--_adj._ AP'OPLEXED (_Shak._), affected with apoplexy. [Gr. _apopl[=e]xia_--_apo_, from, away, and _pl[=e]ss-ein_, to strike.]

APOSIOPESIS, a-po-si-o-p[=e]'sis, _n._ a figure by which the speaker suddenly stops as though unable or unwilling to proceed, e.g. Virgil, _Æneid_, i. 135, 'Quos ego----' [Gr.;--_apo-si[=o]pa-ein_, to keep silent, _apo_ and _si[=o]p[=e]_, silence.]

APOSTASY, APOSTACY, a-post'a-si, _n._ abandonment of one's religion, principles, or party: a revolt from ecclesiastical obedience, from a religious profession, or from holy orders.--_n._ APOST'ATE, one guilty of apostasy: a renegade from his faith from unworthy motives.--_adj._ false: traitorous: fallen.--_adjs._ APOSTAT'IC, -AL.--_v.i._ APOST'ATISE. [Gr. 'a standing away;' _apo_, from, _stasis_, a standing.]

A POSTERIORI, [=a] pos-t[=e]-ri-[=o]'ri, _adj._ applied to reasoning from experience, from effect to cause, as opposed to _a priori_ reasoning, from cause to effect: empirical: gained from experience. _Synthetic_ and _analytic_, _deductive_ and _inductive_, correspond in a general way to _a priori_ and _a posteriori_. [L. _a_ = _ab_, from, _posteriori_, abl. of _posterior_, comp. of _posterus_, after.]

APOSTIL, -ILLE, a-pos'til, _n._ a marginal note. [Fr. _apostille_. See POSTIL.]

APOSTLE, a-pos'l, _n._ one sent to preach the gospel: specially, one of the twelve disciples of Christ: the founder of the Christian Church in a country, e.g. Augustine, the apostle of the English; Columba, of the Scots; Boniface, of Germany, &c.: the principal champion or supporter of a new system, or of some cause: the highest in the fourfold ministry of the Catholic and Apostolic Church: one of the twelve officials forming a presiding high council in the Mormon Church.--_ns._ APOS'TLESHIP, the office or dignity of an apostle; APOST'OLATE, the office of an apostle: leadership in a propaganda.--_adjs._ APOSTOL'IC, -AL.--_ns._ APOSTOL'ICISM, profession of apostolicity; APOSTOLIC'ITY, the quality of being apostolic--APOSTLES' CREED, the oldest form of Christian creed that exists, early ascribed to the apostles, and indeed substantially, if not strictly, apostolic; APOSTLE SPOONS, silver spoons with handles ending in figures of the apostles, a common baptismal present in the 16th and 17th centuries; APOSTLES, TEACHING OF THE TWELVE--often called merely the _Didach[=e]_ (Gr. 'teaching')--the title of a treatise discovered in 1883 on Christian doctrine and government, closely connected with the last two books (vii.-viii.) of the _Apostolic Constitutions_.--APOSTOLIC CONSTITUTIONS and CANONS, notes of ecclesiastical customs held to be apostolical, written in the form of apostolic precepts, and erroneously ascribed by tradition to Clement of Rome; APOSTOLIC FATHERS, the immediate disciples and fellow-labourers of the apostles, more especially those who have left writings behind them (Barnabas, Clement of Rome, Ignatius, Hermas, Polycarp); APOSTOLIC SEE, the see of Rome; APOSTOLIC VICAR, the cardinal representing the Pope in extraordinary missions.--APOSTOLICAL SUCCESSION, the derivation of holy orders by an assumed unbroken chain of transmission from the apostles through their natural successors, the bishops--the theory of the Catholic Church: the assumption that a ministry so ordained enjoy the succession of apostolic powers and privileges. [Gr.; one sent away, _apo_, away, _stell-ein_, to send.]

APOSTROPHE, a-pos'trof-e, _n._ (_rhet._) a sudden turning away from the ordinary course of a speech to address some person or object present or absent, explained by Quintilian as addressed to a person present, but extended by modern use to the absent or dead: a mark (') showing the omission of a letter or letters in a word, also a sign of the modern Eng. genitive or possessive case--orig. a mere mark of the dropping of the letter _e_ in writing.--_adj._ APOSTROPH'IC.--_v.t._ APOS'TROPHISE, to address by apostrophe. [Gr. _apo_, from, and STROPHE, a turning.]