vii. The editor seems to consider that it was a genuine charter; but

Chapter 207,979 wordsPublic domain

the expressions it contains, and especially the names of the witnesses, seem to the author to mark it out as unmistakably spurious.

Footnote 643:

The Saxon Chronicle has in 1107, ‘In this year also died king Eadgar of Scotland on the Ides of January, and Alexander, his brother, succeeded to the kingdom as King Henry granted him.’ The older chronicles place his death at Dunedin or Edinburgh, and the former name has by the later chronicles and by Fordun been mistaken for Dundee. See _Chron. of Picts and Scots_, pp. 175, 181, 289.

Footnote 644:

They appear in this order in the charter of David I., confirming the previous grants to Dunfermline. ‘Dona Duncani fratris mei, Dona Eadgari fratris mei, Dona Ethelredi fratris mei, Dona Alexandri regis fratris mei.’

Footnote 645:

Ailred in his tract ‘De Bello apud Standardum’ makes Robertus de Brus, in his address to David I., say ‘Quis Eadgarum fratrem tuum, immo plusquam fratrem, nisi noster exercitus, regno restituit? Tu ipse rex cum portionem regni quam idem tibi frater moriens delegavit, a fratre Alexandro reposceres, nostro certe terrore, quidquid volueras sine sanguine impetrasti.’ What the ‘portio regni’ given to David was will after appear.

Footnote 646:

Edgarus homo erat dulcis et amabilis, cognato suo Edwardo per omnia similis, nihil tyrannicum, nihil durum, nihil avarum in suos exercens sed cum maxima caritate et benevolentia subditos regens.—Ailred, _Genealogia regum ap. Twysden_, p. 367.

Footnote 647:

Porro Alexander clericis et monachis satis humilis et amabilis erat, cæteris subditorum supra modum terribilis, homo magni cordis, ultra vires suas se in omnibus extendens. Erat autem litteratus, et in ordinandis ecclesiis, in reliquiis sanctorum perquirendis, in vestibus sacerdotalibus librisque sacris conficiendis et ordinandis studiosissimus, omnibus etiam advenient bus supra vires liberalissimus; circa pauperes vero ita devotus ut in nulla re magis delectari, quam in eis suscipiendis, lavandis, alendis vestiendisque videretur. (_Ib._)

Footnote 648:

_National MSS._, Nos. viii. ix. and x.

Footnote 649:

_Chart. Scone_, p. 1.

Footnote 650:

_Chart. Scone_, p. 3.

Footnote 651:

A.D. 1093 Fothudh ardepscop. Albain in Christo quievit.—_An. Ult. Chron. Picts and Scots_, p. 370.

Footnote 652:

Modach filius Malmykel vir piissime recordacionis episcopus Sancte Andree cujus vita et doctrina tota regio Scotam feliciter est illustrata.—_Chart. St. And._ p. 117.

Footnote 653:

See Haddan and Stubbs’ _Councils_, vol. ii. part i. p. 170, for this date. Eadgar died on 13th January 1107.

Footnote 654:

Sim. Dun. _Hist. Reg. Angliæ_, ed. Surtees, i. 96.

Footnote 655:

See Haddan and Stubbs’ _Councils_, vol. ii. part i. pp. 189-214, for the documents connected with this controversy. The principal authority is Eadmer’s own account coupled with that of Simeon of Durham.

Footnote 656:

_Chron. Picts and Scots_, p. 190.

Footnote 657:

Fordun, _Chron._ B. v. c. xxviii. Bower, who was himself abbot of this monastery, places its foundation in the year 1123, and adds to Fordun’s account the words ‘non minus mirifice quam miraculose.’ He explains this expression by telling us that Alexander, crossing the Queensferry on affairs of state, encountered a great storm, and was driven by a south-westerly gale upon the island of Emonia, where he was received by a hermit who served Saint Columba in a small chapel, and lived upon shellfish and the milk of one cow. Here the king was obliged by the gale to remain three days, and, in fulfilment of a vow which he had made in the extremity of his peril, founded the monastery in honour of Saint Columba.—_Scotichron._ B. v. c. xxxvii. The same legend was told to the author in the island of Iona, as having happened there, and the hermit’s cave where Alexander was said to have been received was pointed out to him on the west side of the island.

Footnote 658:

This gift must have been made during the life of Malcolm Ceannmor, and the donor been either Donald Ban or Melmare, very probably the former.

Footnote 659:

Per latrinam.

Footnote 660:

_Scotichron._ B. v. c. xxxvi.

Footnote 661:

Wynton, _Chron._ B. vii. c. v.

Footnote 662:

_Chart. of Scone_, p. 2. Mr. Burton seems also (vol. i. p. 387) doubtful as to the authority for this event, which he appears to think rests on that of Wynton alone. He terms the assailants ‘a northern army led by the Maarmor of Ross, assisted by the Maarmor of the Merne;’ but where he gets these imaginary leaders, or why he converts the Gaelic title ‘Mormaer’ into the equally barbarous form of ‘Maarmor,’ it is difficult to say. The title of Mormaer had ceased to be used, and had passed into that of comes or earl before this time. The Ulster Annals have in 1116, ‘Ladmuinn mac Domhnall hua righ Alban domarbh do feraibh Moriab’ (grandson of the king of Alban, slain by the men of Moray). He must have been son of that Domnall who was killed in 1085, and this fixes the date of this insurrection at 1116.

Footnote 663:

The Saxon Chronicle, which is the oldest authority for the date, places his death on the 9th of the kalends of May, which was the preceding day, the 23d of April. The Chronicon Elegiacum has Strivelin as the place of his death. The St. Andrews Chronicle calls it Crasleth, and another, which is a corrected version of the same Chronicle, Strafleth (_Chron. Picts and Scots._ pp. 175, 290); but these are corruptions of the name Stirling, the Cymric form of which was Ystrevelyn, and the Gaelic Sruthlinn.

Footnote 664:

Ailred, _Gen. Regum_, makes David say, ‘cum adolescens in regia curia servirem.’

Footnote 665:

Malmesbury, _Hist. Regum_, B. v. § 400.

Footnote 666:

David Comes filius Malcolmi regis Scotorum omnibus amicis suis Francis et Anglis et Scotis.—_Chart. Kelso_, p. 1.

Footnote 667:

Henrico regnante in Anglia et Alexandro regnante in Scotia.

Footnote 668:

Tempore enim Henrici regis Anglie, Alexandro Scottorum rege in Scotia regnante, misit eis Deus David predicti regis Scotie germanum, in principem et ducem.—_Chart. Glasgow_, p. 4.

Footnote 669:

David vero, Cumbrensis regionis princeps, amore precipue Dei, partim quoque (ob) religiosi dilectionem et ammonitionem, terras ecclesie Glasguensi pertinentes, singulis Cumbrie provinciis, que sub dominio et potestate ejus erant (non enim toti Cumbrensi regioni dominabatur) inquirere fecit.—_Ib._

Footnote 670:

Cumbria dicebatur quantum modo est, episcopatus Karleolensis et episcopatus Glasguensis et episcopatus Candidecase.—Palg. _Documents and Records_, p. 70.

Footnote 671:

See Lives of St. Ninian and St. Kentigern in the series of Scottish Historians, p. 334. This also appears from a charter by David after he became king, to Robertus de Brus, of the valley of the Annan, ‘a divisa Dunegal de Stranit usque ad divisam Randulfi Meschin ... cum omnibus illis consuetudinibus quas Randulfus Meschin unquam habuit in Carduill, et in terra sua de Cumberland.’—_National MSS._ No. xix.

Footnote 672:

David Comes Johanni episcopo et Cospatricio et Colbano et Rodberto fratribus, et omnibus suis fidelibus Tegnis et Drengis de Lodoneio et de Teuegetedale.—_Nat. MSS. of Scot._ No. xii.

Footnote 673:

_Ib._ No. xiv.

Footnote 674:

No greater mistake has been made in Scotch history than that which limits Eadgar’s gift to David to Cumbria. Our latest historian, Mr. Burton, says that Edgar ‘left it as a bequest or injunction that Cumbria should be ruled by his younger brother David’ (vol. i. p. 387); but this is a very imperfect account of the transaction, and Mr. Burton seems to have merely adopted the statement of previous writers without any independent investigation.

Footnote 675:

Omnibus per regnum suam in Scotia et Lodoneia constitutis.—_Nat. MSS. Scot._ No. xv.

Footnote 676:

_Chart. Scon._ p. 1.

Footnote 677:

_Chart. Dunf._ pp. 3, 5, 8, 11, 14, 16, 18.

Footnote 678:

Orderic Vital, B. viii. c. xxii. That David was in England in 1130 appears from the Exchequer Rolls, but the trial here referred to took place, according to Roger de Hoveden, in 1131. Edward Constabularius witnesses charters of Alexander I. and David I., and in one charter he calls himself filius Siwardi. As constable he was at the head of the military array of the Norman and English population.

Footnote 679:

1130 Bellum etir firu Albain et feru Moreb i torcradar iiij. mile do feraibh Morebh im a righ .i. Oengus mac ingene Luluigh, mile vero d-feraibh Albain i fritgbuin.—_An. Alt. Chron. Picts and Scots_, p. 371. The Annals of Innisfallen have ‘Slaughter of the men of Muriamh in Alban.’—_Ib._ p. 170.

Footnote 680:

Fordun, _Chron._ B. v. c. xxxiii.

Footnote 681:

Ailred, _Eulogium Davidis_, apud Pinkerton, p. 447.

Footnote 682:

According to Stubbs (Twysden, p. 713) he was consecrated by Archbishop Thomas, but Thomas died in 1114, which places the date too early. Olave’s letter is preserved in the ‘White Book’ at York. It is addressed to ‘T. eadem gratia Eborum archiepiscopo,’ and requests him to consecrate a bishop elected from the monks at Furness. By T. Thurstan is no doubt meant who was archbishop from 1114 to 1140. William of Newburgh seems to have known nothing certain about his earlier history. He says he was born ‘in obscurissimo Angliæ loco’ and acted as scribe to certain monks, without indicating localities. In his profession, quoted by Stubbs, he says, ‘Ego Wymundus sanctæ ecclesiæ de Schid,’ or Skye, which brings him from the Isles.

Footnote 683:

Will. Newb. _Hist._ B. i. c. xxiv. It is a pity William of Newburgh did not name the province he invaded. The scene of this battle is fixed by local tradition in Galloway, and a stream which flows into Wigton Bay called Bishop’s burn is said to have become crimson with blood.

Footnote 684:

1134 Melcolmus capitur et in arcta ponitur in turre Rokesburch custodia.—_Chron. Melrose_. Tandem capitur et ab eodem rege David in turre castri de Marchemond arta custodia trucidatur.—Fordun, _Annalia_, i. Wymund’s clerical character probably saved his life and consigned him to perpetual imprisonment instead.

Footnote 685:

Mr. Robertson, in his _Scotland under her Early Kings_, propounds a strange theory with regard to Wymund. He considers that Orderic of Vital is mistaken in saying that Malcolm, who joined with Angus, earl of Moray, in 1130, was son of Alexander the First; that Fordun is mistaken in saying that Malcolm mac Heth was the same person as Wymund; that the two Malcolms were the same person; and that he was not the son but the brother of Angus, earl of Moray, their father Heth being a previous earl and the same person as the Beth Comes who witnesses charters of Alexander the First. But it is impossible to deal with authorities in this fashion, and Mr. Robertson’s usual sound judgment seems on this occasion to have deserted him.

Footnote 686:

Rex Scotorum innumerabilem coegit exercitum, non solum eos qui ejus subjacebant imperio, sed et de Insulanis et Orcadensibus non parvam multitudinem accersiens.

Footnote 687:

Ailred, _de Bello apud Standardum_. Fordun, vol. i. p. 444. See also Fordun, vol. ii. p. 425, note. Richard of Hexham, a contemporary writer, gives the following account of the army:—‘Coadunatus autem erat iste nefandus exercitus de Normannis, Germanis, Anglis, de Northymbranis, et Cumbris, ed Teswetadala, de Lodonea, de Pictis, qui vulgo Galleweienses dicuntur et Scottis.’—_De Gest. Reg. Stephani._

Footnote 688:

See Fordun, _Chron._ vol. vi. p. 430, note.

Footnote 689:

John of Hexham, _Chron._, ad an. 1153.

Footnote 690:

1153, 6th November. Eo die, apud Scotiam, Sumerled et nepotes sui, scilicet filii Malcolmi, associatis sibi plurimis, insurrexerunt in regem Malcolm; et Scotiam in magna parte perturbantes inquietaverunt.—_Chron. S. Crucis._ See also Fordun, _Annalia_, i.

Footnote 691:

1156 Dovenaldus filius Malcolmi apud Witerne captus est et incarceratus a turre de Rokesburc cum patre suo.—_Chron. Melrose._

Footnote 692:

1157 Malcolm Machet cum rege Scottorum pacificatus est.—_Chron. S. Crucis._ He witnesses a charter of King Malcolm to the monastery of Dunfermline as Melcolm mac Eth, in which he is placed immediately after Gilbertus Comes de Angus, and before Walterus filius Alani, the high steward of Scotland before 1160; and soon after King Malcolm grants letters of protection to the monks of Dunfermline addressed ‘Malcolmo Comiti de Ros et omnibus ministris suis.’—_Chart. Dun._ pp. 24, 25.

Footnote 693:

Will. Newb. _Chron._ B. i. c. xxiv.

Footnote 694:

_Chron. Manniæ._ Munch’s ed., pp. 10, 80.

Footnote 695:

1160 Malcolmus rex Scotorum venit de exercitu Tolose, cumque venisset in civitatem que dicitur Pert, Fereteatht comes et v. alii comites irati contra regem quia perrexit Tolosam, obsederunt civitatem et regem capere voluerunt, sed presumcio illorum minime prævaluit.—_Chron. Mel._

Wynton gives the following account of it:—

Quhen the kyng Malcolme come agayne, Off hys legys mad hym a trayne; A mayster-man cald Feretawche Wyth Gyllandrys Ergemawche, And other mayster-men thare fyve Agayne the kyng than ras belywe; For caws that he past till Twlows, Agayne hym thai ware all irows; Forthi thai set thame hym to ta In till Perth, or than hym sla. Bot the kyng rycht manlyly Swne skalyd all that cumpany, And tuk and slwe.—B. vii. c. 7.

Whom Wynton means by Gyllandrys Ergemawche it is difficult to say. William Fitz-Duncan, son of Duncan, king of Scotland, had attached himself to his uncle David throughout the whole of his career both as earl and as king, and distinguished himself as a commander in all his wars. He married Alice de Romellie, heiress of Skipton and Craven, by whom he had a son William and three daughters. The Orkneyinga Saga says of William Fitz-Duncan, that ‘he was a good man. His son was William the Noble, whom all the Scots wished to take for their king.’—_Coll. de Reb. Alb._ 346. William Fitz-Duncan was dead in 1151, when a charter was granted of Bolton by ‘Adeliza de Rumelli consensu et assensu Willelmi filii et hæredis mei et filiarum mearum,’ and among the witnesses is ‘Willelmo filio meo de Egremont.’ He was commonly called the Boy of Egremont, and is said to have died under age, but he may have lived till after 1160. This may have been the occasion in which the Scots wished to make him their king, and Wynton’s barbarous name Ergemawche may have been intended for Egremont.

Footnote 696:

1160 Rex Malcolmus duxit exercitum in Galwaiam ter; et ibidem inimicis suis devictis federatis, cum pace et sine damno suo remeavit. Fergus princeps Galwaiæ habitum canonicum in ecclesia Sanctæ crucis de Ednesburch suscepit.—_Chron. S. Crucis._

Malcolmus rex tribus vicibus cum exercitu magno perrexit in Galweia, et tandem subjugavit eos.—_Chron. Mel._

Footnote 697:

Fordun, _Annalia_, iv.

Footnote 698:

Account of the Family of Innes (Spalding Club), p. 51.

Footnote 699:

1164 Sumerledus regulus Eregeithel jam per annos xii. contra regem Scotorum Malcolmum dominum suum naturalem impie rebellans, cum copiosum de Ybernia et diversis locis exercitum contrahens apud Renfriu applicuisset, tandem ultione divina, cum filio suo et innumerabili populo a paucis comprovincialibus ibidem occisus est.—_Chron. Mel._

Anno m^oc^olx^oiv^o Sumerledus collegit classem centum sexaginta navium, et applicuit apud Renfriu, volens totam Scotiam sibi subjugare. Sed ultione divina a paucis superatus, cum filio suo et innumerabili populo ibidem occisus et.—_Chron. Manniæ._

Footnote 700:

This poem is printed in Fordun, _Chron._ vol. i. p. 449.

Footnote 701:

_Chron. Picts and Scots_, p. 374. The Gael seem to have applied to him the same epithet of Cenmor, borne by his great-grandfather. There is preserved in a MS. at Cambridge a supposed vision of a certain cleric after Malcolm’s death in which he converses with the glorified king. The original is printed in Fordun, _Chron._ i. 452. When he asks—‘Cur sic, care, taces?’ the king answers, ‘Pro me loquitur mea vita.’ The cleric then says, ‘Eger eras longum?’ to which the king replies, ‘Jam bene convalui.’

He seems to have been sickly for several years, and Fordun says that after Somerled’s defeat his brother William was made warden of the kingdom.

Footnote 702:

Fordun, _Annalia_, vii.

Footnote 703:

Per montanos Scotos, quos Brutos vocant et Galwalenses.—Fordun, _Annalia_, x. Roger of Hoveden, a contemporary writer, has also, ‘Per Scotos et Galwalenses suos.’ The former may have been the people of Moray. There is a curious document called Letters-patent by William the Lyon in 1171, recognising the right of Morgund, son of Gylleclery, to the earldom of Marr and that of Moray, first printed by Selden, but its authenticity is too doubtful to be founded on.—See _Acts of Parl._ vi. p. 13.

Footnote 704:

Fordun, _Annalia_, xi.

Footnote 705:

Roger Hoveden, _Chron._ ed. Stubbs, vol. ii. p. 63.

Footnote 706:

Fordun, _Annalia_, xiv. The details of the events in Galloway will be given in another part of this work.

Footnote 707:

1179 Willelmus rex Scotiæ et David frater suus, cum comitibus et baronibus terræ cum exercitu magno et valido perrexerunt in Ros, ibique duo firmaverunt castella, nomen uni Dunscath, et nomen alteri Etherdover.—_Chron. Mel._ For the identification of these castles, see _Origines Parochiales_, vol. iii. pp. 458, 529.

Footnote 708:

Benedictus Abbas, or the writer under his name, a contemporary chronicler, gives the fullest account of this insurrection. He says, ‘Duvenaldus filius Willelmi filii Duncani, qui sæpius calumniatus fuerat regnum Scotiæ, et multoties furtivas invasiones in regnum illud fecerat; per mandatum quorundam potentum virorum de regno Scotiæ, cum copiosa multitudine armata, applicuit in Scotiam, devastans et comburens totam terram, quam attingebat; et homines fugabat, et omnes quos capere potuit interficiebat.’ He afterwards says of him, ‘qui nominabatur Machwilliam; qui etiam dicebat se regia stirpe genitum, et de jure parentum suorum, ut asserebat, regnum Scotiæ calumniabatur, et multa et incommoda faciebat sæpe Willelmo regi Scotiæ, per consensum et consilium comitum et baronum regni Scotiæ.’ William Fitz Duncan appears with Alice de Rumeli his wife, some time between 1120 and 1140, when he grants a charter in which Thursten, archbishop of York, is mentioned; and Alice survived him, and grants a charter, witnessed by her son, the Boy of Egremont, in 1151, who must have been born between 1130 and 1140.—Dugd. _Mon._ Donald Ban, if really a son, was either born of a previous marriage with a native Scottish woman, or was a bastard.

Footnote 709:

Fordun, _Annalia_, xvii.

Anno mclxxxv. Bellum fuit in Galweia inter Rolandum et Gillepatricium iiij^o non. Julii feria v in quo plures occubuerunt ex parte Gillepatricii, ipse vero interiit cum multis aliis. Iterum Rolandus bellum habuit contra Gillecolmum, in quo frater Rolandi occubuit et Gillecolmus periit.—_Chron. Mel._

Between 1178 and 1180 King William grants a charter to Gilbert, Earl of Stratherne, and among the witnesses is ‘Gillecolm Marescald.’ A few years later, but before 1189, the king grants to earl Gilbert the lands of Maddyrnin, but under this condition, ‘that no part of the land should ever be sold to Gillecolm Marescall, or his heirs, or any one of his race, seeing the said Gillecolm forfeited that land for felony done against the king, in that he rendered up the king’s castle of Heryn feloniously, and afterwards wickedly and traitorously went over to his mortal enemies, and stood with them against the king, to do him hurt to his power.’—_Chart. Inchaffray_, Pref. vi.

The king’s castle of Heryn is no doubt the ‘Rath Erenn in Alban’ mentioned in the Calendars in connection with St. Fillan, and which has been identified with Dundurn near the parish of St. Fillans.—_Kalendars of Scottish Saints_, p. 341.

Gillecolm may be the Malcolumb, son of Gillebert, who is mentioned by Benedictus Abbas as the real slayer of Uchtred.

Footnote 710:

Considerans itaque præfatus Willelmus Rex, quod oporteret eum regnum Scotiæ amittere, vel prædictum Mach William interficere, vel etiam a finibus regni sui expellere.—Benedict. Ab.

Footnote 711:

1187 Willielmus rex Scottorum cum magno exercitu perrexit in Mureviam contra Macwilliam, cumque rex esset apud oppidum Inuernis cum exercitu, comites Scotiæ miserunt suos homines ad prædandum, inveneruntque Macwilliam supra moram quæ dicitur Mam Garvia prope Muref, et mox cum eo pugnaverunt, et Deo opitulante, eum cum multis aliis interfecerunt pridie Kal. Augusti feria vi.—_Chron. Mel._

Benedictus Abbas says, ‘Et remansit rex in castello quod dicitur Ylvernis; et misit comites et barones suos cum Scottis et Galwensibus ad debellandum predictum hostem suum. Cumque profecti essent, orta est inter principes seditio; quidam enim illorum regem diligebant minime, quidam vero diligebant. Et hi procedere volebant, sed ceteri non permiserunt. Cumque contendissent, placuit eis quod principes exercitus remanerent, et permitterent exploratores, ut cibum caperent. Elegerunt ergo juvenes bellicosos fere tria millia, quos miserunt ad quærendum præfatum inimicum. Inter quos familia Rolandi filii Uchtredi erat.’

In the parish of Laggan, in the western part of Badenoch, are the farms of Garva mor and Garva beg, which probably indicate the locality.

Footnote 712:

Fordun, _Annalia_, xxii.

Footnote 713:

1197 Ortum est prælium in Morevia juxta castrum Inuernis, inter homines regis et Rodericum et Thorfinum filium Comitis Haraldi, sed Deo procurante, regis hostes in fugam versi sunt, et prædictus Rodericus cum multis aliis cæsus interiit.

Postmodum idem rex Willelmus cum exercitu suo profectus est in Moreviam et in ceteras remotiores terræ suæ partes, ubi Haraldum comitem cepit eumque in castello de Rokesburch observari fecit, donec Thorfinnus filius ejus se pro patre suo obsidem daret.—_Chron. Mel._

Footnote 714:

Roger Hoveden, vol. iv. pp. 10-12.

Footnote 715:

Fordun, _Annalia_, xxiv. Orkneyinga Saga, cxxxvi.

Footnote 716:

Fordun, _Annalia_, xxvii.

Footnote 717:

_Chron. Lanercost_, p. 371 note. ‘Anno Mccxi. Sed et rex Scotiæ filium Macwillelmi, Guthred scilicet, persequendo propriosque seductores destruendo, multorum cadavera inanimata reliquit.’—_Chron. Mel._

Bower amplifies Fordun’s short account, and adds many particulars which may have some foundation in fact.—_Scotichron._ B. viii. c. 76.

Footnote 718:

Fordun, _Annalia_, xxix. The list of the seven earls corresponds with that in the foundation charter of Scone by Alexander the First, with the exception that we have here the earl of Menteith instead of the earl of Mar. It is obvious that the seven earls represented Scotland between the Forth and the Spey, with the addition of Lothian.

Footnote 719:

Anno Mccxv. Intraverunt in Moreviam hostes domini regis Scotiæ, sc. Dovenaldus Ban filius Macwillelmi et Kennauh mac Aht et filius cujusdam regis Hyberniæ, cum turba malignantium copiosa; in quos irruens Machentagar hostes regis valide prostravit, quorum capita detruncavit et novo regi nova munera præsentavit xvii. Kal. Julii propter quod dompnus rex novum militum ipsum ordinavit.—_Chron. Mel._

For the connection of Macintagart with the church lands of Applecross, see Dr. Reeves’s paper on Saint Maelrubha in _Pro. Ant. Soc._ vol. iii. p. 276. Also Fordun, ii. 434, note.

Footnote 720:

Per idem tempus emerserunt quidam iniqui de genere Macwilliam, scilicet, Gillascoph et filii ejus et Rodoricus, in extremis Scociæ finibus.—_Annalia_, xlii.

Footnote 721:

Fordun, _Annalia_, xl.

Footnote 722:

Wynton, _Chronicle_, B. vii. c. ix.

Footnote 723:

_Chart. Melrose_, i. 172

Footnote 724:

In the Laws of Alexander II., under the year 1228, is one ‘De judicio de Gillescop. Dominica proxima ante festum Sancti Dionisii apud Edinburg in capitulo abbacie judicatum est de Gillescop Mahohegen per diversos judices tam Galwidie quam Scocie quod quia predictus Gillescop Mahohegen non duxerit ad diem statutum obsides de quibus dandis ad nominatum diem et locum ipsemet plegius fuit et alios plegios invenerat ipse deberet dare Regi vadia unde dominus Rex pacatus esset aut si ad voluntatem domini Regis vadia dare non posset ipsemet remaneret in vadium donec obsides promissos dedisset. Et fuit insuper in gravi misericordia domini Regis.’—_Act. Parl._ vol. i. p. 68.

Footnote 725:

Fordun, _Annalia_, xlii.

Footnote 726:

Fordun, _Annalia_, xliii. _Chron. Mel._ ad an. 1235.

Footnote 727:

These particulars are taken from the Saga of Hakon IV., king of Norway.

Footnote 728:

_Chron. Manniæ_, Munch’s ed., p. 24.

Footnote 729:

Saga of Hakon IV.

Footnote 730:

Saga of Hakon IV.

Footnote 731:

Anno Domini Mccxlix. Eodem anno inclitus rex Scottorum Alexander, dum ad sedandas Ergadie partes proficiscitur, grave infirmitate corripitur, et ad insulam de Geruerei deportatur, ubi perceptis ecclesiasticis sacramentis, ejus felix anima ex hac luce eripitur et cum sanctis omnibus, ut credimus, celis collocatur. Corpus vero ejus, ut ipse adhuc vivus imperaverat ad Melrosensem ecclesiam transportatur et in ea more regio terre gremio commendatur.—_Chron. Mel._

Footnote 732:

Fordun, _Annalia_, xlviii. This pedigree does not appear in the first edition of Fordun’s Annals, and was subsequently inserted apparently from one of the chronicles.—See _Chron. Picts and Scots_, pp. 133-144. Mr. Burton (vol. ii. p. 23) has taken his account of this coronation from Bower, and ignored the older account given in the genuine Fordun, and enters into a discussion as to whether he was crowned and anointed. This affords a good illustration of the danger of an uncritical use of authorities. Fordun says nothing as to his being crowned or anointed, and expressly states that David the Second was the first king who was anointed or crowned.—_Annalia_, cxlv. Bower suppresses this passage, and adds the crowning to his account of Alexander the Third’s inauguration.

Footnote 733:

Fordun, _Annalia_, xlix.

Footnote 734:

In præsentia domini Alexandri regis Scotorum sc. Alexandri tertii, septem episcoporum et septem comitum Scotiæ.—_Chart Dun._ p. 235. It appears from a concilium held at Edinburgh between 1250 and 1253, that the seven bishops were the bishops of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen, Dunblane, Brechin, Ross, and Caithness.—_Act. Parl._ vol. i. p. 83.

Footnote 735:

_Chron. Mel._

Footnote 736:

So far the account has been taken from the Hakon’s Saga.

Footnote 737:

Fordun, _Annalia_, lv. The Chron. of Melrose confirms this account. Anno domini Mcclxiii. Haco rex Norwagie cum copiosa navium multitudine venit per mare occidentale ad debellandum regem Scotie. Sed re vera, ut ipse H[aco] affirmabat, non eum repulit vis humana sed virtus divina, que naves ejus confregit et in exercitum suum mortalitatem immisit: insuper et eos qui tercia die post solempnitatem Sancti Michaelis ad præliandum convenerant, per pedissequos patrie debellavit atque prostravit. Quapropter coacti sunt cum vulneratis et mortuis suis naves suas repetere et sic turpius quam venerant repatriare.—_Chron. Mel._

Footnote 738:

Fordun, _Annalia_, lvi.

Footnote 739:

In his account of Hakon’s expedition, Mr. Burton, in describing the Western Isles, states that ‘there was a general division of the whole into Nordureyer or Norderies and Sudureyer or Suderies, the northern and southern division. The dividing line was at the point of Ardnamurchan, the most westerly promontory of the mainland of Scotland, so that Iona was included in the Suderies’ (vol. ii. pp. 28, 29). This is an entire mistake, in which Mr. Burton is merely repeating previous writers. It was first asserted by Dr. Macpherson without any proof, and adopted by all subsequent writers as a fact; but it is impossible not to see, from the most cursory perusal of the Sagas, that they include the entire Hebrides under the name of Sudreyer or Sudreys, to distinguish them from the Nordureyer or Orkneys.

Footnote 740:

_Act. Parl._ vol. i. p. 82.

Footnote 741:

A rock on the road between Burntisland and Kinghorn, known as the King’s Stone, marks the spot where he was killed.

APPENDIX.

REMAINS OF THE PICTISH LANGUAGE.

_The proper names, epithets, and words of the Pictish Language are mainly taken from the Pictish Chronicle (PC), the Pictish names in Tighernac (T), the Pictish Legends annexed to the Irish Nennius (IN), and Adamnan’s Life of Saint Columba (Ad). The Welsh forms of the names from the Welsh Genealogies annexed to Nennius (WG), and the Book of Llandaff (BL). The Cornish from the Bodmin Manumissions (BM). The Breton forms from the Chartulary of Rhedon (CR). The Irish names from the Index to the Annals of the Four Masters (FM)._

ACHIVIR, _PC_; Achiuir, _IN_; father of Talore or Talorc. AITHICAIN, _T_, 686, epithet of Tolair. ANIEL, _PC_; Ainel, _IN_; father of Talore or Talorc. ARCOIS, _PC_; Artcois, _IN_; father of Cimoiod or Cinioiod. Art enters into Irish names, and Arth into Welsh. ARDIVOIS, epithet of Deo, _PC_; Deordiuois, _IN_. ARTBRANNAN, _Ad._ I. 27. Artbran appears in _FM_ as an Irish name.

BARGOIT, _PC_, _IN_, father of Wrad or Uurad. BEDE, Cruithneach (a Pict), Mormaer of Buchan, _Book of Deer_. Irish form Beoaidh, _FM_. BILE, _PC_; File, _IN_; father of Brude. Welsh form Beli, _WG_. Brude was paternally of British descent. BLIESBLITUTH, _PC_; Blieblith, _IN_; Pictish king. BONT, _PC_; Pont, _IN_; epithet of Brude. BRED, Breth, _PC_, _IN_, Pictish king. Corn. Brethoc, _BM_; Bret, Britou, _CR_. Perhaps Irish Breas, FM, showing interchange of T or D for S. BROICHAN, name of the Pictish Magus, _Ad._ II. 34, 35. Irish form Brocan, Brogan, _FM_; Welsh Brychan, _BL_. BRUDE, Bridei, Breidei, Bredei, _PC_; Bruide, Brei, Brete, _IN_; Bruidi, Bruidhe, _T_; Pictish kings. Irish form Bruaideach, _FM_. BUTHUT, _PC_; Buthud, _IN_; father of Breth. Corn. Budig, _BM_; Welsh Budic, _BL_; Bret. Budic, _CR_.

CAILTRAM, _PC_; Cailtarni, _IN_; Pictish king. CAITMINN, _IN_, name in Pictish legend. CAL, epithet of one of thirty Brudes. CANAUL, _PC_, _IN_; Pictish king. Irish equivalent Conall, _An. Ult._ CANATULACHAMA, _PC_; Canutulalima, _IN_. Probably same as Catinolachan in Pictish legend. CANONN, _T_, father of Nechtan. CARTIT, id est, Delg (a pin), id est, Berla Cruithnech, a Pictish word; _Cormac’s Glossary_. CARVORST, _PC_; Crautreic Crutbolc, _IN_; Pictish king. CATHLUAN, _IN_. An Irish form. Cath enters into Irish names in combination. CATINOLADAR, _IN_, name in Pictish legend. CE, _PC_, _IN_, one of seven sons of Cruidne. CENNALEPH, _PC_; Cenamlapedh, Cennaleph, _IN_; Cendaeladh, _T_. Ceann, a head, in Irish enters into proper names as in similar form of Ceannfaeladh, _FM_. CENNFOTA, _T_; epithet of Nechtan. Ceann, a head, Fota, long, in Irish. CINGE, _PC_; Cind, _IN_; father of Cruidne. CINID, _PC_; Cind, _IN_; epithet of one of thirty Brudes. CINIOCH, _PC_; Ciniod, _IN_; Cinaetha Cinaed, _T_. Irish form Cinaedh, _FM_; Cornish Cenoc, _BM_. CINIOIOD, _PC_; Cimioïod, _IN_. CINT, _PC_, _IN_, epithet of one of thirty Brudes. CIRCINN, Circin, _PC_; Cirig, _IN_; one of seven sons of Cruidne. CONGUSA, _T_, father of Talorcan. Irish form Congus, _FM_. CRAS, Crus, _IN_; son of Cirigh in Pictish legend. CRUIDNE, _PC_; Cruithne, _IN_; eponymus of race. Irish, Cruth, colour, form. CRUITHNECHAN, _IN_, in Pictish legend. _Ad._ has (III. 2) Cruithnecan, a priest in Ireland. CUMASCACH, _T_, son of Aengus. CUSTANTIN, _PC_, _IN_; genitive Constantin. Irish form Cu, dog; forms Chon in genitive. Compare Milchu, Milchon.

DARGARTO, Doirgart, _T_. DECTOTREIC, _PC_; Deototreic, _IN_, in list of kings. Seems to be the Decdric, Deodric, or Deoric, son of Ida, king of Bernicia, of Nennius. DENBECAN, _PC_; Oenbegan, Onbecan, Aenbecan, _IN_. Aen or Oen enters into Irish names, as Oenacan, _FM_. DEO, _PC_, _IN_. Diu enters Irish names as Diucolla, Diumasach, _FM_; Deo appears in two following names. DEOCILUNON, _PC_; Deocillimon, _IN_. DEO ORD, _PC_, _IN_. DERELEI, _PC_, _IN_; Derile, _T_; father of Drust, Nechtan, and Cinaeth. Cornish Wurdylic, _BM_; Welsh Guordoli, Gwrtheli, _GW_. Shows interchange of G and D in Welsh and Pictish. DIU, _PC_; Tiu, _IN_; brother of Dectotreic. Seems Saxon Tiu, God of War. DELEROITH, _T_, father of Findgaine. DOBUR, fluvius, in Sky, _Ad._ DOMELCH, _PC_; Domnach, _IN_. Domh enters Irish names, as in Domhnall. DONNEL, _PC_; Donuel, _IN_; Domnall, _T_; father of Gartnaidh. Welsh form Dyfnwall; Irish form Domhnall, _FM_. DREST, Drust, _PC_; Drosto, Druist, Druxst, _T_. Welsh form Gwrwst or Grwst. Shows interchange of G and D between Welsh and Pictish. DROSTAN, _IN_; Drostain, _T_; Drosten on St. Vigeans Stone. Drostan, son of Cosgrech, nephew of Saint Columba, _Book of Deer_. Drostan Daerthighe, _FM_. DUIBERR, PC; Duiperr, _IN_. Latin equivalent, Dives. Irish form Saoibher, rich, shows interchange of D and S. DUIDB, _T_, mac Gartnaidh. Duibh enters into Irish names, _FM_.

ELPIN, _PC_, _IN_; Alpin, Alpine, Elphin, _T_. Welsh form Elfin, _WG_. ELT. St. Vigeans Stone. EMCHATH, _Ad._ III. 15. Irish form Imchadha, father of Ros, _FM_. ENFRET, _PC_; Enfreth, _IN_; Anfraith, _T_; father of Talorcen. He was Ainfrid, King of Northumbria. ENTEFIDICH, _PC_; Enfidaig, _IN_; father of Taran. ERILICH, _PC_; Arbith, _IN_; epithet of Galanan. ERP, Erip, _PC_, _IN_, father of Drust and Nechtan. ERU, _PC_; Ero, _IN_; epithet of one of thirty Brudes.

FECIR, _PC_; Feth, _IN_; epithet of one of thirty Brudes. Enters into Urfecir. FET, _PC_; Feth, _IN_; epithet of one of thirty Brudes. Enters into Urfet. FIB, Fibaib, _PC_; Fib, _IN_; one of seven sons of Cruidne. Also name of district of Fib, or Fibh, now Fife. FINGEN, Fingaine, Findgaine, _P_. Irish form Finghin, Finguine, _FM_; preserved in Clan Findgaine or Mackinnons. FIDACH, _PC_, _IN_, one of seven sons of Cruidne. Enters into Entefidach. Irish form Fidhach, father of Crimthan mor, king of Ireland, _FM_. FLOCLAID, _PC_; Fodla, _IN_; one of seven sons of Cruidne. Enters into name of Athfotla, now Atholl. Fodla, old name of Ireland, also epithet of Ollamh Fodla, king of Ireland. FORTRENN, _IN_, one of seven sons of Cruidne. Irish word meaning powerful.

GAED BRECHACH, _PC_; Gadbre, id est Geis; Gaeth Brethnach, _IN_; epithet of Guidid. An Irish form, Gad, an arrow or dart; Breac, speckled; Breathnach, British; Gadam, to pray; Geis, a prayer. GALAM, _PC_, _IN_; in list of kings with epithet of Cennaleph, which see. GALANAN, _PC_; Galan, _IN_; in list of kings with epithet Erilich. GANT, _PC_, _IN_, one of thirty Brudes. GART, _PC_, _IN_, one of thirty Brudes. Enters into Pictish Gartnaidh and Irish Domingart. GARTNAITH, Gartnaich, Garthnach, Gartnart, Garnard, Gartnait, _PC_; Gartnait, _IN_; Gartnaidh, _T_. Same as Gartney or Gratney among Mormaers and earls of Marr and Buchan. Welsh form Gwrnerth. GEDE, _PC_; with epithet Olgudach. Irish form Gedhe Ollgothach, king of Ireland, _FM_. GEONA. Primarius Geonæ Cohortis, _Ad._ I. 27. GEST, _PC_, _IN_, Pictish king. Enters into Wurgest. Irish form Gusa in Fergusa, etc. GILGIDE, _PC_; Got, Gud, Caitmin, _IN_. GNITH, _PC_, _IN_, one of thirty Brudes. GRID, _PC_; Grith, _IN_; one of thirty Brudes. GUIDID, _PC_, _IN_; Pictish king. Seems a Welsh form. Guidge, Guitgen, _WG_. GURCICH, _PC_; Gurid, _IN_; epithet of Gest. GURTHINMOCH, _PC_; Gurthimoth, _IN_; epithet of Drest. GYROM, Girom, _PC_; Giron, _IN_; father of Drest, Gartnaith, and Cailtram.

IM, _IN_, son of Peirnn, in Pictish legend. IPE. St. Vigeans Stone.

LEO, _PC_, _IN_, one of thirty Brudes. Enters into Morleo. Corn. Loi, _BM_; Bret. Louui, _CR_. LETHENN, _IN_, in Pictish legend. LOC, _PC_; Bolc, _IN_; epithet of Gartnaith. Irish Laoch, a hero. LOCHENE, _T_; son of Nectan Cennfota. LUTRIN, _PC_, _IN_; Lachtren, _T_; father of Cinioch.

MAILCON, _PC_; Melcon, _IN_; Maelchon, _T_; father of Brude. Genitive of Mailchu, an Irish form. In Irish Life of Saint Columba Brude has a son Mailchu. Compare Milchu in Ireland in Life of Saint Patrick. MORBET, _PC_; Mor Breac, _IN_; epithet of Nechtan. Irish Mor, great; Breac, speckled. MORLEO, _PC_, _IN_, in list of kings. MUIRCHOLAICH, _PC_; Murtholoic, _IN_; father of Talorg. Muir or Mur enters largely into Irish names. Compare Murchadh, etc., _FM_. MUNAIT, _PC_; Munaith, _IN_; Moneit, _T_; father of Drest. MUND, _PC_; Muin, _IN_; one of thirty Brudes. Enters into Munait.

NAMET, _PC_; Navit, _IN_; epithet of Vipoig, termed in Latin lists Fiacha Albus. Irish Neimheac, glittering, shining. NECTON, Nectu, Nechton, _PC_; Nectan, _IN_; Nechtan, _T_. Irish Nechtan, _FM_; preserved in Clan Neachtan or MacNaughtans. Welsh form Neithon. NESANUS CURVUS, _Ad._ II. 20. Irish form Neasan, _FM_.

OLFINECTA, _PC_; Finechta, _IN_. Irish form Fineachta, _FM_. OLGUDACH, _PC_; epithet of Gede. Gedhe Ollgothach, king of Ireland, _FM_. ONNIST, Unuist, _PC_; Onuis, Uidnuist, Oinuist, _IN_; Aengus, _T_. Cornish form, Ungust, _BM_; Irish, Aenghus, _FM_. Old Irish form, Oengus, _Book of Armagh_.

PANT, _PC_; Pont, _IN_; one of thirty Brudes. PEIRNN, _IN_, father of Im, in Pictish legend. Corn. Perenn, _BM_. PEANFAHEL, Caput valli, _Bede_. Welsh form, Penguaul, shows interchange of Gu and F in Welsh and Irish.

RU, _PC_, _IP_, one of thirty Brudes. Also in list of kings. Compare Rudhruidhe, _FM_.

SCOLOFTHE. Scholasticus lingua Pictorum—_Reg. Dun._ c. 85. Welsh Yscolheic; Gaelic Sgolog. SIMAL, _T_, son of Druist. SOLEN, _IN_, in Pictish legend. Cornish Salenn, _BM_; Irish Sillan, _FM_.

TALORE, Talorg, _PC_; Talorc, Talorg, _IN_. Compare Baitanus nepos Niath Taloirc, _Ad._ I. 14; Niath or Niadh, a champion in Irish. TALLORCEN, Talorgen, _PC_; Talorcan, Talorcen, _IN_. Formed from Talorc, as Drosten from Drust. Compare Irish forms, as Aidan from Aed, etc. Welsh form Galargan, showing interchange of G and T. THARAIN, Taran, _PC_; Tarain, Taran, _IN_. Tarainus de nobili Pictorum genere, _Ad._ II. 24. Compare Irish Sarran, father of Cairnech, which in Welsh pedigree is Caran, showing interchange of T and S between Pictish and Irish; T and C or G with Welsh. TARLA, _PC_; Tang, _IN_; Tadg, _T_; father of Canaul. Irish form, Tadhg, _FM_.

UAISNEIMH, _IN_, name of poet in Pictish legend. UECLA, _PC_; Uetla, _IN_; epithet of Wradech, termed in Latin lists Feradach Fingel. UERD, _PC_; Uerb, _IN_; grandfather of Nechtan. ULEO, _PC_, _IN_, epithet of one of thirty Brudes. ULFA, Ulpha, _IN_, in Pictish legend. URCAL, _PC_, _IN_, epithet of one of thirty Brudes. Irish form Fearghal, _FM_. URCINT, _PC_, _IN_, epithet of one of thirty Brudes. Corn. Wurcant, _BM_; Bret. Uuorcantoc, _CR_; Welsh Gurcant, _BL_, _WG_. URCNID, _PC_; Urcind, _IN_; epithet of one of thirty Brudes. Corn. Wurthicid, _BM_. URFECIR, _PC_; Urfeichir, _IN_; epithet of one of thirty Brudes. URFET, _PC_; Urfeth, _IN_; epithet of one of thirty Brudes. Corn. Wurfodu, _BM_. URGANT, _PC_, _IN_, epithet of one of thirty Brudes. Corn. Wurgent, _BM_; Welsh Gwrgan, _BL_. URGART, _PC_, _IN_, epithet of one of thirty Brudes. URGNITH, _PC_; Urgnith, _IN_; epithet of one of thirty Brudes. Welsh Guurgint, _WG_. Irish Feargna, _FM_. URGRID, _PC_; Urgreth, _IN_; epithet of one of thirty Brudes. Irish form Feargraidh, _FM_. URMUND, _PC_; Urmuin, _IN_; epithet of one of thirty Brudes. URPANT, _PC_; Urpont, _IN_; epithet of one of thirty Brudes. URUIP, _PC_, _IN_, epithet of one of thirty Brudes. USCONBUTS, _PC_, _IN_, Pictish king. UVEN, _PC_; Uuen, _IN_; Eoganan, _Flann_; Uiginius, _Ad._ II. 21. Welsh Uen, Uein, _WG_. Irish form Eoghan, Eoghanan, _FM_.

VIPOIG, _PC_; Uipoig, _IN_; in Latin lists Fiacha albus. Fiacha, _FM_; Welsh Guipno, _WG_. VIROLET, _Ad._ III. 15, son of Emchath. Irish form Feardalach, _FM_. VIST, _PC_; Uist, _IN_; Pictish king.

WDROST, _PC_; Budros, _IN_; father of Drost. WID, _PC_; Uuid, _IN_; Fooith, _T_; father of Garnard, Bredei, and Talorc. WRAD, _PC_; Uurad, _IN_. Welsh form Gwriad, _BL_. WRADECH, Wredech, _PC_; Uuradech, _IN_; Feradach Finleg in Latin lists; also father of Cinoid. Irish form Fearadhach, _FM_. WROID, _PC_; Uuroid, _IN_; Uoret on St. Vigeans Stone; Ferot, _T_; Corn. Guruaret, Waret, _BM_; Bret. Uuoruuaret, _CR_. WTHOIL, _PC_; Uuthoil, _IN_; father of Talorc. WURGEST, Urguist, Wirguist, Wrguist, _PC_; Urges, Urguist, Uurgut, Uurguist, _IN_. Corn. Wurgustel, _BM_; Welsh Gurgust, _WG_; Forcus on St. Vigeans Stone. Compare Forcus filius mac Erc, _Ad._ I. 7; Fearghus, _FM_.

END OF VOL. I.

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THE HISTORY OF LIDDESDALE, ESKDALE, EWESDALE, WAUCHOPEDALE AND THE DEBATEABLE LAND

=Part I. from the Twelfth Century to 1530=

BY ROBERT BRUCE ARMSTRONG

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_One Volume 8vo, Illustrated, 7s. 6d._

SCOTLAND AS IT WAS AND AS IT IS

BY THE DUKE OF ARGYLL

A HISTORY OF RACES, OF MILITARY EVENTS, AND OF THE RISE OF COMMERCE

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_Two Volumes 4to, 21s._

ARCHÆOLOGICAL ESSAYS

BY THE LATE SIR JAMES Y. SIMPSON, BART.

EDITED BY THE LATE JOHN STUART, LL.D. AUTHOR OF THE “SCULPTURED STONES OF SCOTLAND”

1. Archæology. 2. Inchcolm. 3. The Cat Stane. 4. The Magical Charm-Stones. 5. Pyramid of Gizeh. 6. Leprosy and Leper Hospitals. 7. Greek Medical Vases. 8. Was the Roman Army provided with Medical Officers? 9. Roman Medicine Stamps, etc., etc.

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SOCIAL LIFE

IN FORMER DAYS

CHIEFLY IN THE PROVINCE OF MORAY

=Illustrated by Letters and Family Papers=

BY E. DUNBAR DUNBAR LATE CAPTAIN 21ST FUSILIERS

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EARLY TRAVELLERS IN SCOTLAND 1295-1689

EDITED BY P. HUME BROWN AUTHOR OF ‘THE LIFE OF GEORGE BUCHANAN’

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=P. Hume Brown.=

George Buchanan, Humanist and Reformer: a Biography. By P. HUME BROWN. Demy 8vo, 12s.

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Tours in Scotland, 1677 and 1681. By THOMAS KIRK and RALPH THORESBY. Edited by _P. Hume Brown_. Demy 8vo, 5s.

A lucky accident having brought these two interesting narratives to light since the “Early Travellers in Scotland” was published, it was thought desirable to reprint them uniform with that book.

Scotland Before 1700. From Contemporary Documents. Forming a Companion Volume to “Early Travellers in Scotland.” By P. HUME BROWN, Author of “The Life of George Buchanan,” &c. Demy 8vo, 14s.

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Kalendars of Scottish Saints. With Personal Notices of those of Alba, etc. By ALEXANDER PENROSE FORBES, D.C.L., Bishop of Brechin. 4to, price £3, 3s. A few copies for sale on large paper, £5, 15s. 6d.

“A truly valuable contribution to the archæology of Scotland.”—_Guardian._

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Ecclesiological Notes on some of the Islands of Scotland, with other Papers relating to Ecclesiological Remains on the Scottish Mainland and Islands. By THOMAS S. MUIR, Author of “Characteristics of Church Architecture,” etc. Demy 8vo, with numerous Illustrations, 21s.

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From Schola to Cathedral. A Study of Early Christian Architecture in its relation to the life of the Church. By G. BALDWIN BROWN, Professor of Fine Art in the University of Edinburgh. Demy 8vo, Illustrated, 7s. 6d.

The book treats of the beginnings of Christian Architecture, from the point of view of recent discoveries and theories, with a special reference to the outward resemblance of early Christian communities to other religious associations of the time.

=Patrick Dudgeon.=

A Short Introduction to the Origin of Surnames. By PATRICK DUDGEON, Cargen. Small 4to, 3s. 6d.

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Transcriber’s Note

Errors deemed most likely to be the printer’s have been corrected, and are noted here. The references are to the page and line in the original.

132.18 _Ulster An. sub an._ 682.[’] Added.

136.10 _Wh_ being represented by F;[’] Added.

220.31 Simeon of Durham calls it ‘In [t/T]iningaham,’ Replaced.

221.27 the old name is now restored.[’] Added.

255.35 est Catgabail Catguommed.[’] Added.

267.2 they spared Bruide the brave.[”/’] Replaced.

273.28 Bimudine eiceas cecinit.[’] Added.

292.42 is probably a [c]orruption Restored.

313.14 in whatever part of Erin they used to be.[’] Added.

339.31 By “gentibus[’/”] probably Norwegians are Replaced. meant.

339.32 do tuitim fri da [h. I/h-I]mhair Replaced.

363.38 [‘]In vii^o anno regni Added.

381.8 the son of his pre[de]decessor Removed.

385.35 a Northumbrian matter.[’/”] Replaced.

387.25 a Cindtiri ocus a h[-]Airergoedel Inserted.

392.36 If thi[s] monastery had become secularised Restored.

396.25 ‘Enchegal[’] with [‘]Airergaidhel.’ Added.

404.37 a regno fugavit.[’] Added.

409.6 son of Finntuir[’] Added.

411.34 meic Donchadha i cath[’] (in battle). Added.

429.26 in the follow[ing] year Inserted.

464.20 as he had done before;[’] Added,

471.36 et regem capere vo[./l]uerunt Restored.

479.36 familia Rolandi filii Uchtredi erat.[’] Added.

482.15 hung up by the feet.[’] Added.

486.15 Gillefakeneshi son of Gillin;[’] Added.

486.37 domini Regis.[’] Added.