Part 7

Plants Referred to in Text:

Common Name Scientific Name Agave _Agave_ sp. Alder _Alnus_ sp. Almond _Prunus_ sp. American linden _Tilia americana_ L. Anaqua _Ehretia anacua_ (Teran & Berl.) I. M. Johnst. Apple _Malus_ sp. Arrow arum _Peltandra_ sp. Ash _Fraxinus_ sp. Ash, black _Fraxinus nigra_ Marsh. Ash, green _Fraxinus pennsylvanica_ Marsh. Ash, water _Fraxinus caroliniana_ Mill. Aspen _Populus_ sp. Baldcypress _Taxodium distichum_ (L.) Rich. Basswood _Tilia_ sp. Bayberry _Myrica_ sp. Beech _Fagus grandifolia_ Ehrh. Bermuda grass _Cynodom dactylon_ (L.) Pers. Birch _Betula_ sp. Birch, paper _Betula papyrifera_ Marsh. Blackberries _Rubus_ sp. Blueberries _Vaccinium_ sp. Bulrush _Scirpus_ sp. Butternut _Juglans cinerea_ L. Buttonbush _Cephalanthus occidentalis_ L. Cabbage _Brassica_ sp. Cactus Cactaceae Catalpa _Catalpa_ sp. Catclaw _Acacia_ sp. Cedar Cherries _Prunus_ sp. Cherry, wild _Prunus_ sp. China tree _Koelreuteria_ sp. Cissus _Cissus_ sp. Coontail _Ceratophyllum demersum_ L. Corn _Zea mays_ L. Cottonwood _Populus_ sp. Cottonwood, black _Populus trichocarpa_ Torr. & Gray Crabgrass _Digitaria_ sp. Creosote bush _Larrea tridentata_ (DC.) Cov. Crowberries _Empetrum_ sp. Currant _Ribes_ sp. Cypress Dogwood _Cornus_ sp. Douglas-fir _Pseudotsuga menziesii_ (Mirb.) Franco Duckweed _Lemna_ sp. Ebony _Diospyros_ sp. Elderberry _Sambucus_ sp. Elm _Ulmus_ sp. Elm, American _Ulmus americana_ L. Fig _Ficus_ sp. Fir _Abies_ sp. Fir, balsam _Abies balsamea_ (L.) Mill. Fir, red _Abies magnifica_ A. Murr. Fir, subalpine _Abies lasiocarpa_ (Hook.) Nutt. Fir, white _Abies concolor_ (Gord. & Glend.) Lindi. Grapes, wild _Vitis_ sp. Gum, black _Nyssa sylvatica_ Marsh. Gum, sour _Nyssa_ sp. Hackberry _Celtis_ sp. Hazelnut _Corylus_ sp. Hemlock _Tsuga_ sp. Hickory _Carya_ sp. Hickory, bitternut _Carya cordiformis_ (Wangenh.) K. Koch Holly _Ilex_ sp. Honeysuckle _Lonicera_ sp. Huisache _Acacia farnesiana_ (L.) Willd. Ironwood _Olneya tesota_ Gray Juniper _Juniperus_ sp. Larch _Larix_ sp. Larch, western _Larix occidentalis_ Nutt. Lettuce _Lactuca_ sp. Loganberries _Rubus_ sp. Magnolia _Magnolia_ sp. Maize _Zea mays_ L. Maple _Acer_ sp. Maple, red _Acer rubrum_ L. Maple, silver _Acer saccharinum_ L. Mescal _Agave_ sp. Mesquite _Prosopis_ sp. Millet _Setaria_ sp. Mistletoe _Phoradendron_ sp. Oak _Quercus_ sp. Oak, black _Quercus velutina_ Lam. Oak, blackjack _Q. marilandica_ Muenchh. Oak, bur _Q. macrocarpa_ Michx. Oak, cherrybark _Q. falcata_ var. _pagodaefolia_ Ell. Oak, live _Q. virginiana_ Mill. Oak, overcup _Q. lyrata_ Walt. Oak, pin _Q. palustris_ Muenchh. Oak, red _Quercus_ sp. Oak, white _Q. alba_ L. Oats _Avena_ sp. Palmetto _Sabal_ sp. Palo Verde _Cercidium_ sp. Pear _Pyrus_ sp. Pecan _Carya illinoensis_ (Wang.) K. Koch Pepper, red _Capsicum_ sp. Pigweed _Chenopodium_ sp. Pine _Pinus_ sp. Pine, Bishop _Pinus muricata_ D. Don. Pine, Jeffrey _P. jeffreyi_ Grev. & Balf. Pine, loblolly _P. taeda_ L. Pine, lodgepole _P. contorta_ Dougl. Pine, longleaf _P. palustris_ Mill. Pine, Monterey _P. radiata_ D. Don. Pine, pinyon _P. edulis_ Engelm. Pine, ponderosa _P. ponderosa_ Laws. Pine, shortleaf _P. echinata_ Mill. Pine, slash _P. elliotti_ Engelm. Pine, sugar _P. lambertiana_ Dougl. Pine, white _P. strobus_ L. Poison ivy _Rhus radicans_ L. Poison oak _Rhus diversiloba_ T. & G. Pokeberry _Phytolacca americana_ L. Pondweed _Potamogeton_ sp. Poplar _Populus_ sp. Poplar, balsam _Populus balsamifera_ L. Prunes _Prunus_ sp. Ragweed _Ambrosia_ sp. Raspberries _Rubus_ sp. Red heart fungus _Fomes_ sp. Redwood _Sequoia sempervirens_ (D. Don.) Endl. Retama _Retama_ sp. Sago pondweed _Potamogeton pectinatus_ L. Saguaro cactus _Carnegiea gigantea_ (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose Salmonberries _Rubus spectabilis_ Pursh. Sawgrass, tall _Cladium_ sp. Screwbean _Prosopis_ sp. Serviceberries _Amelanchier_ sp. Skunk cabbage _Symplocarpus foetidus_ (L.) Nutt. Smartweed _Polygonum_ sp. Snowberries _Symphoricarpos_ sp. Sorghum _Sorghum_ sp. Spruce _Picea_ sp. Spruce, Engelmann _Picea engelmannii_ Parry Spruce, Sitka _Picea sitchensis_ (Bong.) Carr. Strawberries _Fragraria_ sp. Sumac _Rhus_ sp. Sunflower _Helianthus_ sp. Sweetgum _Liquidambar styraciflua_ L. Sycamore _Platanus_ sp. Tamarac _Larix laricina_ (Du Roi) K. Koch Tulip-poplar _Liriodendron tulipifera_ L. Tupelo _Nyssa sylvatica_ Marsh. Virginia creeper _Parthenocissus quinquefolia_ L. Walnut _Juglans_ sp. Water stargrass _Heteranthera dubia_ (Jacq.) MacM. Wax-myrtle _Myrica cerifera_ L. Wheat _Triticum_ sp. Widegon grass _Ruppia maritima_ L. Wild celery _Vallisneria americana_ Michx. Willow _Salix_ sp. Willow, black _Salix nigra_ Marsh. Yucca _Yucca_ sp.

Invertebrates Referred to in Text:

Common Name Class or Order Family Genus and Species Amphipods Crustacea Ants Hymenoptera Formicidae Aphids Homoptera Aphididae Assassin bugs Hemiptera Reduviidae Bark beetles Coleoptera Scolytidae Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Beetles Coleoptera Black crickets Orthoptera Gryllidae Blue mussel (phylum) Mollusca Boll weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae _Anthonomus grandis_ Boheman Bugs Hemiptera Butterflies Lepidoptera Caddis flies Trichoptera Carpenter ants Hymenoptera Formicidae _Camponotus_ sp. Caterpillars Lepidoptera Centipedes Chilopoda Chironomids Diptera Chironomidae Cicadas Homoptera Cicadidae Clover weevils Coleoptera Curculionidae Cockroach Orthoptera Blattidae Codling moth Lepidoptera Olethreutidae _Carpocapsa pomonella_ L. Cone worms Lepidoptera Corn earworm Lepidoptera Noctuidae _Heliothis zea_ (Boddie) Cotton boll weevils Coleoptera Curculionidae Crabs Crustacea Crane flies Diptera Tipulidae Crayfish Crustacea Crickets Orthoptera Gryllidae Culicine mosquitoes Diptera Culicidae Cutworm moths Lepidoptera Noctuidae _Agrotis_ sp. Daddy long legs Phalangida Damselflies Odonata Dragonflies Odonata Dung beetles Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Earthworms Oligochaeta Elm bark beetle Coleoptera Scolytidae _Scolytus multistriatus_ (Marsham) Flat bugs Hemiptera Aradidae Flies Diptera Flying ants Hymenoptera Formicidae Gnats Diptera Grasshoppers Orthoptera Acrididae Grubs Coleoptera Gypsy moth Lepidoptera Lymantriidae _Porthetria dispar_ (L.) Hairy crickets Orthoptera Harvestmen Phalangida Hawk moths Lepidoptera Sphingidae Hemipterans Hemiptera Hornets Hymenoptera Vespidae House fly Diptera Muscidae _Musca domestica_ L. Hymenopterans Hymenoptera Ichneumon flies Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae Isopods Crustacea Jassids Homoptera Cicadellidae Jerusalem crickets Orthoptera Gryllacrididae Jumping plant lice Homoptera Psyllidae Katydids Orthoptera Tettigoniidae Ladybird beetles Coleoptera Coccinellidae Leaf bugs Hemiptera Miridae Leafhoppers Homoptera Cicadellidae Leaf skeletonizers Lepidoptera Lyonetiidae _Bucculatrix_ sp. Lepidopterans Lepidoptera Locusts Orthoptera Acrididae Locust seed weevils Coleoptera Mylabridae _Bruchus_ sp. Lodgepole needle Lepidoptera Gelechiidae miners Long-horned beetles Coleoptera Cerambycidae Long-horned Orthoptera Tettigoniidae grasshoppers Long-legged Diptera Tipulidae tipulids Lyonetiid moths Lepidoptera Lyonetiidae _Bucculatrix_ sp. May beetles Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Mayflies Ephemeroptera Metallic wood Coleoptera Buprestidae boring beetles Midges Diptera Chironomidae Millipedes Diplopoda Molluscs (phylum) Mollusca Mosquitoes Diptera Culicidae Moths Lepidoptera Negro bugs Hemiptera Corimelaenidae Nut weevils Coleoptera Curculionidae _Curculio_ spp. Praying mantids Orthoptera Mantidae Pseudoscorpions Pseudoscorpionida Psyllids Homoptera Psyllidae Ribbed pine borer Coleoptera Cerambycidae _Stenocorus inquisitor_ (Oliv.) Roaches Orthoptera Blattidae Round-headed Coleoptera Cerambycidae woodborers Sawflies Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae Scolytid beetles Coleoptera Scolytidae _Scolytus_ sp. Scorpions Scorpionida Seed beetles Coleoptera Bruchidae _Bruchus_ sp. Seed bugs Hemiptera Lygaeidae Spiders Areneida Spittle bugs Homoptera Cercopidae Spittle insects Homoptera Cercopidae Spruce aphid Homoptera Chermidae _Chermes cooleyi_ Gill. Spruce beetles Coleoptera Scolytidae _Dendroctonus_ sp. Spruce budworm Lepidoptera Tortricidae _Choristoneura fumiferana_ (Clemens) Stinkbugs Hemiptera Pentatomidae Tent caterpillars Lepidoptera Lasiocampidae _Malacosoma_ sp. Termites Isoptera Tree hoppers Homoptera Membracidae True bugs Hemiptera Wasps Hymenoptera Vespidae Water boatmen Hemiptera Corixidae Weevils Coleoptera Curculionidae Wood ants Hymenoptera Formicidae Wood boring beetles Coleoptera Wood boring larvae Coleoptera

Vertebrates Referred to in Text:

Common Name Class or Order Family Genus and Species Amphibians Amphibia Bats Chiroptera Carp Cypriniformes Cyprinidae _Cyprinus carpio_ Linnaeus Catfish Cypriniformes Ictaluridae Chipmunks Rodentia Sciuridae Chubs Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Cotton rat Rodentia Cricetidae _Sigmodon hispidus_ (Say & Ord) Cottontail rabbit Lagomorpha Leporidae _Sylvilagus floridanus_ (Allen) Cow Artiodactyla Bovidae _Bos taurus_ Linnaeus Deer mouse Rodentia Cricetidae _Peromyscus maniculatus_ (Wagner) Eels Anguilliformes Anguillidae _Anguilla_ sp. Flying squirrels Rodentia Sciuridae _Glaucomys_ sp. Frogs Anura Gizzard shad Clupeiformes Clupeidae _Dorosoma cepedianum_ (LeSueur) Gophers Rodentia Geomyidae Ground squirrels Rodentia Sciuridae Horse Perissodactyla Equidae _Equus caballus_ Linnaeus Lizards Squamata Masked shrew Insectivora Soricidae _Sorex cinereus_ (Kerr.) Meadow mouse Rodentia Cricetidae _Microtus pennsylvanicus_ (Ord) Meadow vole Rodentia Cricetidae _Microtus pennsylvanicus_ (Ord) Mice Rodentia Moles Insectivora Talpidae Perch Perciformes Percidae Pig Artiodactyla Suidae _Sus scrofa_ Linnaeus Pocket gophers Rodentia Geomyidae Porcupine Rodentia Erethizontidae _Erethizon dorsatum_ (Linnaeus) Raccoon Carnivora Procyonidae _Procyon lotor_ (Linnaeus) Rats Rodentia Red-backed mouse Rodentia Cricetidae _Clethrionomys gapperi_ (Vigors) Red-backed vole Rodentia Cricetidae _Clethrionomys gapperi_ (Vigors) Reptiles Reptilia Rodents Rodentia Salamanders Urodela Salmon Clupeiformes Salmonidae Short-tailed shrew Insectivora Soricidae _Blarina brevicauda_ (Say) Shrews Insectivora Soricidae Snakes Squamata Squirrels Rodentia Sciuridae Star-nosed mole Insectivora Soricidae _Condylura cristata_ (Linnaeus) Suckers Cypriniformes Catostomidae Toads Anura Trout Clupeiformes Salmonidae Voles Rodentia Cricetidae White-footed mouse Rodentia Cricetidae _Peromyscus_ sp. Woodrats Rodentia Cricetidae _Neotoma_ sp.

Footnotes

[1]_Scott, Virgil E. Characteristics of ponderosa pine snags used by cavity-nesting birds. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, Colorado._

[2]_Scott, Virgil E._ [_In prep._] _Bird response to snag removal. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, Colorado._

[3]Snag or tree use: A: food B: nest C: perch.

[4]Major foods: 1: birds 2: rodents 3: reptiles and amphibians 4: insects 5: seeds and fleshy fruits 6: vegetation 7: other or little known.

[5]Threatened or endangered species.

[6]_Wildlife biologist, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, Colorado._

[7]_Ecology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado._

[8]_Zoology Department. Colorado State University, Fort Collins._

[9]_DeWeese, Lawrence R., Charles J. Henny, Randy L. Floyd, Kathie A. Bobal, and Albert W. Shultz. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Impact of Trichlorfon (Dylox) and Carbaryl (Sevin-4-oil) on breeding birds in southwestern Montana forests._

★ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1977 O-246-764

Transcriber’s Notes

--Copyright notice provided as in the original—this e-text is public domain in the country of publication.

--Silently corrected palpable typos; left non-standard spellings and dialect unchanged.

--In the text versions only, delimited italicized text with _underscores_.