Part 11

Born in Leicester, Mass.; died in Bolton, Conn. He painted portraits in Connecticut in 1775 and after the Revolution went to England, where he studied under Benjamin West, returning to the United States in 1786. His American historical paintings are among the first ever executed by an American artist.

FRANCIS W. EDMONDS (1806-1863).

Born in Hudson, N. Y.; died at Bronxville. He was a bank cashier in his native city and in New York City until 1855. During this time he studied at the National Academy of Design. While Secretary of the American Bank Note Company he designed several pictures which were engraved on notes printed by that establishment.

GERBRANDT VANDEN EECKHOUT (1621-1674).

A Dutch painter, born at Amsterdam, who studied in the school of Rembrandt and became a great portrait painter.

CHARLES L. ELLIOTT (1812-1868).

Born in Scipio, N. Y.; died in Albany, N. Y. About 1834 he came to New York and was a pupil of Trumbull and later of Quidor. He painted numerous portraits of eminent men.

JUAN ANTONIO ESCALANTE (1630-1670).

Spanish painter, born at Cordova, who studied under Francisco Rizi, but imitated the style of Tintoretto. He died at Madrid.

JAN VAN EYCK (1380-1440.)

A Flemish painter, native of Maes-Eyck, on the river Maes. He was a brother of Hubert van Eyck. They established themselves at Bruges and founded the Flemish school, and are credited with inventing oil painting.

GAUDENZIO FERRARI (1484-1550).

An Italian painter, student of Perugino, says one writer, while others say he first studied under Stefano Scotto and then under Bernardino Luini.

ODVARDO FIALETTI (1573-1638).

Born at Bologna; died at Venice. He first studied under Gio. Battista Cremonini and then in the school of Tintoretto.

GEORGE W. FLAGG (1816-1897).

Born in New Haven, Conn. He studied with his uncle, Washington Allston. Under the patronage of Luman Reed he spent three years in Europe to study. After living six years in London he returned to New Haven and subsequently removed to New York City.

JARED BRADLEY FLAGG (1820-1899).

Born in New Haven, Conn. Studied with his brother, George W. Flagg and Washington Allston. He first settled in Hartford, Conn., and in 1849 removed to New York. He entered the ministry, but after ten years of that life returned to his former profession.

ALBERT FLAMEN.

A Flemish painter and engraver who was born in Bruges and established himself at Paris from 1648 to 1664. He possessed greater abilities for engraving than for painting.

SAMUEL FOLWELL (1765-1813).

He probably came from New England and died in Philadelphia, where he was a miniature painter as well as a cutter of silhouettes and a "worker in hair." He conducted a school in that city for a time and engraved portraits and book plates.

CHARLES DE LA FOSSE (1636-1716).

Born at Paris, the son of a goldsmith, he studied under Charles Le Brun and later studied the works of Titian and Veronese. He became a distinguished colorist of the French school.

JACQUES FOUQUIÈRES (1580-1659).

A Flemish landscape painter, born at Antwerp and died at Paris. Studied under Josse Momper and John Brueghel.

LEONARD DE FRANCE (1735-1805).

Flemish painter, born at Liége, who studied under J. B. Coclers. He was appointed first professor in the Academy of the Fine Arts at Liége.

FRANCIS FRANCKEN (1542-1616).

Called the Elder. Flemish painter, born at Antwerp, who studied under Francis Floris. He painted historical subjects.

MARTIN FREMINET (1567-1619).

Born and died in Paris. He was the son of an obscure painter. When he visited Rome, formed a friendship with Giuseppe Cesari, but followed the style of Michael Angelo.

SIGMUND FREUDENBERGER (1745-1801).

Born at Berne, was a pupil of Em. Handmann, and then studied under Wille, Boucher, Greuze and Röslin. He painted and engraved Swiss life scenes.

JAMES FROTHINGHAM (1788-1864).

Born in Charlestown, Mass., and died at Brooklyn, N. Y. He began life as a chaise painter in his father's chaise manufactory, from which he developed into a successful portrait painter.

JOHN FYT (1609-1661).

A Flemish painter, born at Antwerp; was distinguished for painting animals, especially dogs. Pupil of Frans Snyders.

BARENT GAAL (1650-1703).

Dutch painter, born at Haerlem; studied under Philip Wouwermans and painted horse-fairs, battles and hunting-pieces.

TADDEO GADDI (1300-1366).

An Italian painter and architect, born in Florence. He was the son of Gaddo Gaddi, who first instructed him. Later he studied in the school of Giotto.

THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH (1727-1788).

An English painter of portraits and landscapes who was born at Suffolk. He received instructions from Gravelot and Hayman.

JOHN VAN GEEL (1631-1698).

A Dutch painter, and scholar of Gabriel Metzu, whose style he imitated. Born and died at Rotterdam.

NICHOLAS VAN GELDER.

Was an animal painter of the Netherlands, who flourished in the seventeenth century.

GENTILESCHI, _see_ LOMI.

JEAN L. T. A. GERICAULT (1791-1824).

A French painter, born at Rouen, who studied under Carle Vernet and afterwards in the School of Guerin. He died at Paris.

FRANÇOIS REGIS GIGNOUX (1816-1882).

Born in Lyons, France; died in Paris. He studied art in the Academy of St. Pierre at Lyons and in the School of Fine Arts at Paris. In 1844 he came to the United States and opened a studio in Brooklyn, N. Y., returning to France in 1870.

GROVE SHELDON GILBERT (1805-1885).

Born in Clinton, N. Y.; died in Rochester. Studied medicine for a time but decided to take up art. For several years he painted in Fort Niagara and Toronto, settling in Rochester in 1834. He painted mostly portraits.

GIORGIONE, _see_ BARBARELLI, GIORGIO.

GIOTTINO, _see_ STEFANO, TOMMASO.

GIOTTO DI BONDONE (1276-1337).

An Italian painter and architect, born at Vespignano. He attracted the attention of Cimabue, under whom he studied and surpassed.

JAN GLAUBER (1646-1726).

A landscape painter, born at Utrecht, Holland, of German parents. He entered the School of Nicholas Berghem and later went to Rome. He settled at Amsterdam and formed a friendship with Gerard de Lairesse.

HENRY GOLTZIUS (1558-1617).

A Dutch painter and engraver, born at Mulbrecht, who acquired the elements of design from his father, afterward studying engraving under Theodore Cuernhert.

HUBERT GOLTZIUS (1526-1583).

A Flemish painter and engraver; born at Venloo, died at Bruges. He studied in the School of Lambert Lombard at Liége, and later visited Rome.

JOHN VAN GOYEN (1596-1666).

Born at Leyden and died at The Hague. Was one of the earliest Dutch landscape painters. He studied under Schilderpoort, Isaac Nicolai and Esias Vandevelde, and was father-in-law to Jan Steen.

HENRY PETERS GRAY (1819-1877).

He was born and died in New York and in 1838 entered the studio of Daniel Huntington. He visited Europe several times and was president of the National Academy 1869-1871.

HORATIO GREENOUGH (1805-1852).

Sculptor, born in Boston, Mass., and died in Somerville, Mass. When a boy he was taught the rudiments of his art by a French sculptor, Binon. He entered Harvard, where he met Washington Allston; but before completing his college course Greenough sailed for Europe in 1825, where he lived permanently.

JEAN BAPTISTE GREUZE (1725-1805).

Born at Tournus; died at Paris. He studied in School of Grandon, a portrait painter at Lyons, where he made rapid progress.

ANTHONY GRIFF OR GRIEF (1670-1715).

Flemish painter of landscapes, dead game and dogs. Born at Antwerp and died at Brussels.

WILLIAM GRIMALDI (1751-1830).

Born in Shoreditch, England, and died in London. Studied under Worlidge and afterward at Paris. He was a miniature painter and painted for members of the Royal Family.

JEAN ANTOINE THEODORE GUDIN (1802-1879).

Born at Paris and died at Boulogne. He was marine painter of harbor and coast scenes, also landscapes. He practised etching and lithography.

GUIDO, _see_ RENI.

GUIDO GUIDONE SIENA.

An old Sienese painter who made great improvement over the Greeks before the time of Cimabue and Giotto.

FRANCIS GUY (1760-1820).

Born in England and came to New York in 1795, going to Philadelphia and Baltimore, where he established dye-works. He also had been a tailor, but always worked at landscape painting, to which he was devoted. About 1817 he returned to Brooklyn, N. Y., where he died.

JAN HACKAERT (1636-1699).

Born at Amsterdam, he became one of the ablest landscape painters of the Dutch School. He was a friend of Adrian Vandervelde.

FRANCIS HALS (1584-1666).

Flemish portrait painter, born at Antwerp and died at Haerlem. He was a disciple of Karel van Mander and a friend of Van Dyck.

GEORGE P. A. HEALY (1813-1894).

Born in Boston, Mass. He went to Paris in 1836 and occasionally visited the United States. He resided in Chicago from 1855 to 1867 and then made his residence in Rome and in Paris. He was one of the best American portrait painters of the French School. He died at Chicago.

MATTHEW VAN HELMONT (1653-1719).

Flemish painter, born at Brussels, who studied under D. Teniers and painted similar subjects to those of that master. He died at Antwerp.

BARTHOLOMEW VANDER HELST (1611-1670).

Dutch painter, born at Haerlem, who painted historical subjects and portraits. He died at Amsterdam.

EGBERT VAN HEMSKERK (1645-1704).

Called "the younger," was born at Haerlem and died at London. He studied under Peter Grebber and painted drunken scenes and drolls.

MARTIN VAN VEEN HEMSKERK (1498-1574).

Dutch painter, born at Hemskerk, the son of Jacob William van Veen. He studied under John Lucas and in the school of John Schoorel. Later he studied the works of Michael Angelo.

GUILLIAM VAN HERP (1614-1677).

Born and died at Antwerp. Pupil of Damiaan Wortelmans and painted history and genre. He came under the influence of Rubens.

JOHN VANDER HEYDEN (1637-1712).

Born at Gorcum; he obtained his knowledge of design from a glass painter. He painted churches, palaces, ruins and views of cities. Died at Amsterdam.

THOMAS HICKS (1823-1890).

Born in Newtown, Pa. He studied in the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts and in 1838 entered the National Academy in New York. After studying abroad he returned to New York City in 1849 and began a successful career as a portrait painter.

JOHN WILLIAM HILL (1812-1879).

Born in England and died in this country. He did aquatint work and drew upon stone for the lithographers. Later he painted landscapes in water-colors and achieved considerable reputation.

THOMAS HILL (1829- ).

Born in Birmingham, England. He came to the United States in 1840 and settled in Taunton, Mass. Until 1853 he followed the profession of ornamental painting, then studied in the life-class of the Pennsylvania Academy at Philadelphia. He removed to California and painted landscapes.

MINDERHOUT HOBBEMA (1638-1709).

Born at Coeverden, Holland, and resided at Amsterdam. He was a friend of Ruysdael and their styles are similar.

WILLIAM HOGARTH (1697-1764).

Born at London. His father was a schoolmaster, who apprenticed him to an engraver, after which he entered the Academy of St. Martin's Lane.

HANS HOLBEIN (1497-1554).

A Swiss painter and wood engraver, born at Augsburg. He was the son and scholar of John Holbein. He visited England and painted a number of portraits, including Henry VIII., who gave him apartments in the palace. He died at London.

GERARD HONTHORST (1590-1656).

A Dutch painter, born at Utrecht, who studied under Abraham Bloemaert. Going to Rome he studied the works of M. A. Caravaggio and later settled at The Hague.

PETER DE HOOGHE (1632-1681).

A Dutch painter, born at Rotterdam and died at Haerlem. His usual subjects were interiors of Dutch apartments with figures.

JOHN HORREMANS, THE ELDER (1682-1759).

A Flemish painter, born at Antwerp, whose favorite subjects were conversation pieces. Studied under Michiel Vander Voort and Jan van Pee.

JEAN ANTOINE HOUDON (1740-1828).

Sculptor, born at Versailles, France; died at Paris. He studied his art under Michel Ange Slodtz and later under Pigale. In 1785 he accompanied Franklin to the United States and spent two weeks at Mount Vernon to prepare his statue of Washington, now in Richmond, Virginia. He produced many masterpieces which placed him foremost of French sculptors.

JAN VAN HUGTENBURG (1646-1733).

Dutch painter and engraver, born at Haerlem. He studied under Thomas and Jacob Wyck and later became acquainted with Vander Meulen who gave him instruction. Died at Amsterdam.

DANIEL HUNTINGTON (1816-1906).

Born and died in New York City, and was a classmate of Charles L. Elliott at Hamilton College. In 1835 he studied with Samuel F. B. Morse. In 1839 he visited Europe and again in 1844. Returning to New York in 1846 he devoted himself chiefly to painting portraits, and was elected President of the National Academy of Design.

CORNELIUS HUYSMANS (1648-1727).

A Flemish landscape painter, born at Antwerp, who later settled at Mechlin. He was placed in the school of Gaspar de Wit and then studied under Jacques Artois. He is also known as Houseman of Mechlin, where he died.

CHARLES C. INGHAM (1797-1863).

Born in Dublin, Ireland; died in N. Y. City. He studied in the Academy of Dublin and settled in New York in 1817, being one of the founders of the National Academy of Design.

HENRY INMAN (1801-1846).

Born in Utica, N. Y.; died in New York City. Pupil of John Wesley Jarvis, with whom he studied seven years, painting miniatures. Later he acquired a high reputation as a portrait painter.

CHAUNCEY B. IVES (1812- ).

Sculptor, born in Hamden, Conn., the son of a farmer. At the age of sixteen he apprenticed himself to E. R. Northrup, a wood carver, and later studied with Hezekiah Augur. He lived most of the time abroad at Rome, making occasional visits to America. For a short time in 1855 he had a studio in New York and received many orders.

KARL DU JARDIN (1625-1678).

Born at Amsterdam and studied under Nicholas Berghem. He went to Italy where he was received by the Bentevogel Society. His works are mostly confined to landscapes.

JOHN WESLEY JARVIS (1780-1834).

Born in South Shields, England; died in New York City. He came to Philadelphia in 1785 and with but little instruction began to paint portraits in which he became popular. The bust of Thomas Paine, now in the Society collection, was executed by Jarvis.

WILLIAM JEWETT (1792-1873).

Born in East Haddam, Conn., and died at Bayonne, N. J. He began life as a farmer and was apprenticed to a coach-maker at New London, Conn., for whom he prepared paints and assisted in coloring carriages. At New London he met Samuel L. Waldo whose assistant he became and later collaborated with him in painting portraits.

DAVID JOHNSON (1827-1908).

Born in New York City and received a few lessons from Jasper F. Cropsey. His paintings represent mostly American scenery. He was a member of the National Academy of Design. He died at Walden, N. Y.

EASTMAN JOHNSON (1824-1906).

Born in Lowell, Me., and died in New York City. He first settled in Augusta, Me., and executed portraits in black and white and in pastel. In 1845 he removed to Washington, D. C., and in 1849 visited Europe, returning to the United States in 1856. In 1858 he settled in New York. He was an excellent portrait painter.

JACOB JORDAENS (1593-1678).

Born and died at Antwerp. He studied under Adam van Oort, whose daughter he married. He was associated with Rubens, whose style he imitated.

JEAN JOUVENET (1644-1717).

French painter, born at Rouen, the son of Laurent Jouvenet, who taught him the first principles of the art. Later he studied with Nicholas Poussin. Died at Paris.

WILLIAM KALF (1630-1693).

Dutch painter, born and died at Amsterdam. He studied under Hendrick Pot, an historical painter, and after leaving that master he acquired a reputation painting still life.

JOHN F. KENSETT (1818-1872.)

Born in Cheshire, Conn.; died in New York City. Studied under his father as an engraver and went into the employ of the American Bank Note Company at New York. He went to Europe to study Art in 1845 with other artists. Returning in 1847, he established himself in New York.

ALBERT KLOMP.

A Dutch painter whose pictures are dated from 1602 to 1632 and have much merit.

JAN KOBELL (1779-1814).

The son of Hendrick Kobell, born at Delfshaven. He was placed under the instruction of W. R. vander Wal, and adopted Paul Potter for his model.

BAREND C. KOEK-KOEK (1803-1862).

Born at Middleburg, Zeeland, and died at Cleves. He was a student of the Amsterdam Academy under Schelfhout and Van Oos. In 1841 he founded an Academy of Design at Cleves.

CHRISTIAN KÖHLER (1809-1861).

Born at Werben, studied at Berlin Academy, and was professor at the Düsseldorf Academy 1855-58. He painted historical subjects and died at Montpellier.

EDWARD J. KUNTZE (1826-1870).

Sculptor, born in Pomerania, Prussia; died in New York City. He studied in Stockholm, Sweden, and lived for some years in London, England. In 1852 he came to America and achieved a reputation.

SIEGMUND LACHENWITZ (1820-1868).

Born at Neuss and died at Düsseldorf. Was a student at the Düsseldorf Academy 1840-1867, studying animal life.

GERARD DE LAIRESSE (1641-1711).

Flemish painter, born at Liége and died at Amsterdam. He was the son of Renier Lairesse, who taught him the elements of design, later studying under Bertholet Flemael.

JAMES R. LAMBDIN (1807-1889).

Born in Pittsburg, Pa.; studied under Thomas Sully, and established himself as a portrait painter. He was professor of fine arts in the University of Pennsylvania and an officer of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts.

LOUIS LANG (1814-1893).

Born in Waldsee, Württemberg, Germany. He studied at Stuttgart and Paris, and came to the United States in 1838 and resided in Philadelphia and New York, making frequent trips to Europe. Died at New York.

NICHOLAS DE LARGILLIÈRE (1656-1746).

Born at Paris, and studied under Francis Gobeau, a painter of landscapes and still life. He became a successful portrait painter.

ROBERT E. LAUNITZ (1806-1870).

Sculptor, born in Riga, Russia; died in New York City. He studied under Thorwaldsen and in 1828 came to New York. He was the instructor of Thomas Crawford and has been called the father of monumental art in America.

PHILLIPPE LAURI (1623-1694).

Son of Baldassare Lauri; born at Rome, and studied first under his brother, Francesco Lauri, and at the latter's death entered the school of Angelo Caroselli, his brother-in-law.

SIR THOMAS LAWRENCE (1769-1830).

An English portrait painter, born at Bristol, England, and studied under Mr. Hoare and in the Royal Academy. He was encouraged and advised by Reynolds. After the death of Benjamin West he was chosen president of the Royal Academy.

OLIVER I. LAY (1845- ).

Born in New York City, and was a pupil of Thomas Hicks. He studied at the Cooper Institute and the National Academy.

JACOB H. LAZARUS (1823-1891).

Born and died at New York. He was a pupil of Henry Inman and had a successful career as a portrait painter in this city.

SIR PETER LELY (1618-1680).

A German portrait painter, born at Soest, in Westphalia. He studied in the school of Peter Grebber, of Haerlem, for two years. His style of painting resembled that of Van Dyck, whom he imitated. He died at London.

NICHOLAS BERNARD LEPICIÉ (1735-1784).

A French painter, the son of Bernard Lepicié; born and died at Paris; studied under Carl Vanloo.

LUCAS VAN LEYDEN (1494-1533).

So called from the place of his birth; was the son of Hugo Jacobs, who instructed him in the rudiments of art and later placed him with Cornelius Engelbrechtsen. He became a friend of Dürer.

HENRY LEYS (1815-1869).

Born and died at Antwerp. Studied at the Antwerp Academy and under de Brackeleer.

JOHN LINGELBACH (1625-1687).

Born at Frankfort, Germany, and died at Amsterdam. He went to Amsterdam when very young, and later visited Paris and Rome to study.

SEBASTIAN LLANOS Y VALDES (1602-1668).

A Spanish painter who flourished at Seville and studied under Francisco d'Herrera the Elder. He became president of the Academy of Seville.

ARTEMISIA LOMI (1590-1642).

Called Gentileschi. An Italian paintress, born in Rome; went to England and later resided at Naples, where she married Pietro Antonio Schiattesi. She was the daughter and pupil of Orazio Lomi who adopted the name Gentileschi from his maternal uncle.

LORENZO IL MONACO (1370-1425).

An Italian painter who died at Florence. He was a follower of Angiolo Gaddi.

ANTHONY DE LORME.

A Dutch painter of whom little is known. He flourished at Rotterdam about 1640-1666. His pictures represent interiors of churches and other edifices.

CLAUDE LORRAINE (1600-1682).

Born in Chamagne, Lorraine, and learned the first rudiments of art from his brother, who was an engraver on wood. He entered the Academy of Godfrey Waal at Naples and later studied under Agostino Tassi, a landscape painter at Rome.

BERNARDINO LUINI (1475-1530).

Born at Luino in the Milanese on the Lago Maggiore, and from his style is considered to have been a follower of Leonardo da Vinci, but first studied under Stefano Scotto.

NICHOLAS MAAS (1632-1693).

A Dutch painter, born at Dort. He entered the school of Rembrandt and became an excellent colorist. After painting historical subjects for a while, he devoted himself to portrait painting.

JOHN DE MABUSE.

A Flemish painter, born at Maubeuge about 1472 and died in 1533. It is not known under whom he studied. He went to Italy in 1508. His family name was Gossart.

MACRINO D'ALBA.

A native of Alladio, and a citizen of Alba, whose name was Fava. It is not known with whom he studied or when he was born or died. His works are dated 1496 to 1508.

ANDREA MANTEGNA (1431-1506).

He was born at Vicenza and became the pupil and adopted son of Squarcione. He married the daughter of Jacopo Bellini. He was also an early engraver and did much for that art.

OTHO MARCELLIS (1613-1673).

A Dutch painter, born and died at Amsterdam. It is not known under whom he studied. He painted curious plants, insects, serpents and other reptiles, and acquired great celebrity in this singular branch of the art.

EDWARD D. MARCHANT (1806-1887).

Born in Edgarton, Mass.; died in Asbury Park, N. J. In 1843 he went West, and in 1845 settled in Philadelphia and painted many portraits.

JACOB MARREL (1614-1685).

Born at Utrecht; died at Frankfort. Was a pupil of Georg Flegel and painted flowers and fruit.

QUINTIN MATSYS (1450-1530).

A Flemish painter, born and died at Antwerp. He was a blacksmith until his twentieth year, and it is not known under whom he studied art. His style was unlike any other master.

LUDOVICO MAZZOLINO (1481-1530).

Born at Ferrara, and a student of Lorenzo Costa. There is a great confusion of names as applied to this artist. He may be placed after Garofalo, among the masters of his native town.

FRANCESCO MAZZUOLI (1504-1540).

Called "Il Parmiggiano"; was born at Parma. He received instructions from his uncles, who taught him what they knew in the art. He was also distinguished as an engraver.

JOHN VANDER MEER (1656-1705).

Born and died at Haerlem; the son of John vander Meer, under whom he first studied and afterwards with Berghem.

JAN MEMLING (1430-1494).

Flemish painter, born at Mümling, who studied under Roger Van der Weyden. He settled in Bruges.

SIMONE MEMMI (1283-1344).

A Sienese painter and one of the earliest who distinguished themselves after the revival of the art. He was a pupil of Duccio.

GEORGES MICHEL (1763-1843).

French painter, born and died at Paris, whose work was chiefly landscapes. Pupil of Leduc.

JOHN MIEL (1599-1664).

Born near Antwerp, and studied under Gerard Seghers. Went to Rome and entered the school of Andrea Sacchi, who employed him to assist in his works. He died at Turin.

PIERRE MIGNARD (1610-1695.)