CHAPTER XVIII.

THE REIGN OF VICTORIA (_continued_).

Insecurity of the Orleanist Monarchy--The Spanish Marriages--Lord Palmerston's Foreign Policy--Meeting of the French Chambers--Prohibition of the Reform Banquet--The Multitude in Arms--Vacillation of Louis Philippe--He abdicates in favour of his Grandson--Flight of the Royal Family--Proclamation of the Provisional Government--Lamartine quells the Populace--The Unemployed--Invasion of the Assembly--Prince Louis Napoleon--The _Ateliers Nationaux_--Paris in a State of Siege--The Rebellion quelled by Cavaignac--A New Constitution--Louis Napoleon elected President of the French Republic--Effect of the French Revolution in England--The Chartists--Outbreak at Glasgow--The Monster Petition--Notice by the Police Commissioners--The 10th of April--The Special Constables--The Duke of Wellington's Preparations--The Convention on Kennington Common--Feargus O'Connor and Commissioner Mayne--Collapse of the Demonstration--Incendiary Placards at Glasgow--History of the Chartist Petition--Renewed Gatherings of Chartists--Arrests--Trial of the Chartist Leaders--Evidence of Spies--The Sentences 548