CHAPTER XXI.

REIGN OF GEORGE III. (_continued_).

Austria gets ready for War--Napoleon's Preparations--Invasion of Bavaria by Austria--The Archduke Charles driven from Bavaria--Occupation of Vienna--Battle of Aspern--The Spirit of Revolt in Germany: Schill and Brunswick--Battle of Wagram--Peace of Vienna--Victories of the Tyrolese--Death of Hofer--The Betrayal of Poland and Italy--Deposition of the Pope--Ministerial Dissensions--Death of Portland, and Reconstruction of the Ministry--Inquiry into the Walcheren Expedition--Imprisonment of Gale Jones--Burdett committed to the Tower--The Piccadilly Riots--Arrest of Burdett--Debates in the House of Commons--Agitation for Parliamentary Reform--Liberation of Burdett--Remaining Events of the Session--Condition of Spain--Soult's victorious Progress--He fails at Cadiz--The Guerilla War--Massena sent against Wellington--Capture of Ciudad Rodrigo--Capitulation of Almeida--Battle of Busaco--The Lines of Torres Vedras--Massena baffled--Condition of the rival Armies--Victories in the East and West Indies--The War in Sicily. 586

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE

St. James's Palace, in the Time of Anne 1

Dean Swift 5

The English Plenipotentiaries insulted in the Streets of Utrecht 9

Sir Richard Steele 13

Welfen Castle, Hanover 17

Anne making the Duke of Shrewsbury Lord Treasurer 21

Great Seal of George I. 25

The Earl of Mar raising the Pretender's Standard 29

Retreat of the Highlanders from Perth 33

James Edward Stuart, the "Old Pretender" 37

Sea Fight off Cape Passaro 41

The South Sea Bubble 45

George I. 49

Bartholomew Fair, London, in 1721 53

Five-Shilling Piece of the South Sea Company 56

Five-Guinea Piece of George II. 56

Walpole's Quarrel with Townshend 61

Sir Robert Walpole 65

The Porteous Mob 69

Great Seal of George II. 73

Maria Theresa and the Hungarian Parliament 77

George II. 85

Interior of the House of Commons in 1742 89

The Landing of Prince Charlie 93

Prince Charles Edward Stuart (the "Young Pretender") 97

Prince Charlie's Vanguard at Manchester 101

Culloden House 105

The Standard of Prince Charlie's Bodyguard, taken at Culloden 108

The End of the '45 109

Flora Macdonald 113

Wedding in the Fleet 117

Defeat of General Braddock in the Indian Ambush 121

London Bridge in 1760 125

Lord Clive 129

Surprise of Frederick at Hochkirch 132

Admiral Rodney bombarding Le Hâvre 133

Death of Wolfe 137

Martello Tower on the Plains of Abraham, Quebec 140

George Whitefield preaching 141

John Wesley 144

Interior of the Jerusalem Chamber, Westminster Abbey 145

Henry Fielding 149

Costumes of the Period of George II. 153

Mrs. Arabella Hunt singing to Queen Mary 156

Handel 157

St. Paul's Cathedral, London, and Ludgate Hill, as it was 161

William Hogarth 165

Great Seal of George III. 169

George III. 173

Temple Bar in 1800 176

Lord Bute and the Londoners 177

John Wilkes 181

Revenue Cutters capturing an American Smuggling Vessel 185

Troops escorting the Stamped Paper to the City Hall, New York 189

The Mob releasing Mr. Wilkes on his Way to Prison 193

William Pitt, Earl of Chatham 197

Affray at Boston between the Soldiers and Rope-Makers 201

Spade Guinea of George III. 204

Five-Shilling Piece of George III. 204

Twopenny Piece of George III. 204

Press-Gang at Work 205

Boston "Boys" disguised as Indians throwing the Tea Chests into the Harbour 209

Benjamin Franklin 213

American Twenty Dollars Bill (1775) 216

Montgomery's Assault on the Lower Town, Quebec 221

Signatures to the Declaration of Independence 225

Washington crossing the Delaware 229

American Bill of Credit (1775) 233

Washington and his Men at Valley Forge 237

George Washington 241

Surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga 245

Washington at Valley Forge: By the Camp Fire 249

Death of the Earl of Chatham 253

The Saucy "Arethusa" and the "Belle Poule" 257

Lord North 261

"No Popery" Rioters assaulting Lord Mansfield 265

Dr. Johnson viewing the Scene of some of the "No Popery" Riots 269

Old Newgate 273

Arrest of Major André 277

Surrender of Lord Cornwallis, York Town 281

Edmund Burke 285

Henry Grattan 289

The Attack on the "Ville de Paris" 293

Map of the United States at the Time when they gained their Independence 297

The Mansion House, London, in 1760 301

Charles James Fox 305

General Election of 1784: Master Billy's Procession to Grocer's Hall--Pitt presented with the Freedom of the City of London 308

General Election of 1784: The Hustings, Covent Garden; The Westminster Deserter drummed out of the Regiment--Defeat of Sir Cecil Wray 309

View of London from the Tower to London Bridge in the latter Part of the 18th Century 313

Deposition of Meer Jaffier 317

The Great Mogul entering the English Camp 320

Warren Hastings 321

Benares 325

Surrender of Baillie to Hyder Ali 329

Arrest of the Rajah of Benares 333

Richard Brinsley Sheridan 337

The Trial of Warren Hastings 341

Carlton House, London (1780) 345

William Pitt 348

Expulsion of the Professors from the University of Antwerp 353

Notre Dame, Paris 357

The French Revolution: Costume of Lady of the Period 360

The French Revolution: Costume of 1790 360

The French Revolution: Costume "à la Robespierre" 361

Tricoteuse, or knitting Woman, of the National Convention 361

The Conquerors of the Bastille 365

The Bastille 369

Captain Cook 373

Scene in the House of Commons: Breach between Burke and Fox 377

William Wilberforce 381

The Priestley Riots at Birmingham 385

The Count de Mirabeau 389

Government House, Calcutta 393

View in Old Paris: Rue de Pirouette, North Side of Les Halles 397

The Royal Family of France on their Way to the Assembly 401

Marie Antoinette (1783) 405

View in Old Paris: The Porte au Blé, from the End of the Old Cattle Market to the Pont Notre Dame 409

Trial of Louis XVI. 413

Robespierre 417

View in the Old Town, Warsaw 420

Retreat of the Royalists from Toulon 421

Napoleon Buonaparte, Lieutenant of Artillery 425

The Tolbooth, Edinburgh 429

Calvi, Corsica 432

St. Just 433

Paris under the Reign of Terror: a Vain Appeal 437

The Palace of the Tuileries, Paris 441

La Roche-Jaquelein and the Republican Soldiers 445

Attack on the Royal Carriage 449

The Cathedral of Milan 453

The Mutiny at Spithead: Hauling down the Red Flag on the "Royal George" 457

The Doge's Palace, Venice 459

Dublin Castle 461

Capture of Wolfe Tone 465

Lord Nelson 469

Napoleon's Coup de Main: Scene in the Hall of the Ancients 473

Genoa 477

Nelson at the Battle of Copenhagen 480

Copenhagen 481

Sir Ralph Abercromby 484

Napoleon and his Suite at Boulogne 489

The Jumma Musjid, Delhi 492

The Chase at Argaum 493

Kidnapping of the Duke d'Enghien 497

The Coronation of Napoleon in Notre Dame 501

Herrenhausen Castle, Hanover 505

Lord Collingwood 509

Sailing into Action at Trafalgar 512

The "Victory" at Portsmouth 513

Talleyrand 517

The Queen of Prussia reviewing the Army 525

Napoleon at Rossbach 528

Murat (King of Naples) 529

Charing Cross, London, in 1795 533

The British Fleet passing through the Dardanelles 537

Departure of the British Troops from Alexandria 540

Heligoland 541

The Treaty of Tilsit 545

Flight of the Royal Family of Portugal 548

Capture of Godoy 552

Heroism of the Maid of Saragossa 557

Sir John Moore 561

The Royal Palace, Madrid 564

Burial of Sir John Moore 569

Sir David Baird 573

Map of Spain and Portugal to illustrate the Peninsular War 576

The Bayonet Charge at Talavera 577

The Duke of Wellington 581

The "Mediator" breaking the Boom at La Rochelle 585

Marshal Lannes at Ratisbon 588

The Duke of Brunswick and his Hussars (the Black Brunswickers) 592

Andrew Hofer appointed Governor of the Tyrol 593

George Canning 597

Cadiz 600

Arrest of Sir Francis Burdett 601

Wellington's Retreat from Coimbra 605

LIST OF PLATES.

PRINCE CHARLIE'S FAREWELL TO FLORA MACDONALD, 1746. (_By George W. Joy_) _Frontispiece_

GREENWICH HOSPITAL. (_By T. B. Hardy_) _To face p._ 65

GEORGE II. AT DETTINGEN, 1743. (_By Robert Hillingford_) " 82

"GOD SAVE KING JAMES." (_By Andrew C. Gow, R.A._) " 94

MAP OF ENGLAND DURING THE CIVIL WAR, 1642-1649 " 100

AFTER CULLODEN: REBEL HUNTING. (_By Seymour Lucas, R.A._) " 107

DR. JOHNSON IN THE ANTE-ROOM OF LORD CHESTERFIELD, WAITING FOR AN AUDIENCE, 1748. (_By E. M. Ward, R.A._) " 145

MAP OF THE AMERICAN PROVINCES IN 1763 " 184

"THE POLLING." (_By W. Hogarth_) " 192

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, JULY 4TH, 1776. (_By J. Trumbull_) " 226

GIBRALTAR. (_By Birket Foster, R.W.S._) " 257

THE GORDON RIOTS. (_By Seymour Lucas, R.A._) " 266

THE DEFENCE OF GIBRALTAR BY LORD HEATHFIELD, 1782. (_By J. S. Copley, R.A._) " 294

LOUIS XVI. AND MARIE ANTOINETTE IN THE PRISON OF THE TEMPLE. (_By E. M. Ward, R.A._) " 404

LADY HAMILTON WELCOMING THE VICTORS OF THE NILE. (_By R. Hillingford_) " 468

NELSON'S CHASE AFTER THE FRENCH FLEET, 1805. (_By Thomas Davidson_) " 497

THE BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR AND THE VICTORY OF LORD NELSON OVER THE COMBINED FRENCH AND SPANISH FLEETS, OCTOBER 21ST, 1805. (_By Clarkson Stanfield, R.A._) " 505

THE "VICTORY" TOWED INTO GIBRALTAR AFTER TRAFALGAR. (_By Clarkson Stanfield, R.A._) " 510

THE DEATH OF NELSON. (_By Daniel Maclise, R.A._) " 521

"CRIPPLED BUT UNCONQUERED." (_By W. L. Wyllie, R.A._) " 529

NAPLES, FROM THE MERGELLINA. (_By Birket Foster, R.W.S._) " 550

CASSELL'S

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ENGLAND