Cassell's History of England, Vol. 3 (of 8) From the Great Rebellion to the Fall of Marlborough.
CHAPTER XVII.
THE REIGN OF QUEEN ANNE (_continued_).
Negotiations for Peace--The Ministry becomes Whig--Harley--Marlborough and Charles of Sweden--The Allies in Spain--Battle of Almanza--The French Triumphant in Spain--Attack on Toulon--Destruction of Shovel's Fleet--Jacobitism in Scotland--First Parliament of Great Britain--Abigail Hill--The Gregg Affair--Retirement of Harley and St. John from the Ministry--Attempted Invasion of Scotland--Campaign of 1708--Battle of Oudenarde--Capture of Lille--Leake takes Sardinia and Minorca--Death of Prince George of Denmark--The Junto--Terrible Plight of France--Marlborough's Plans for 1709--Louis Negotiates with Holland--Torcy's Terms--Ultimatum of the Allies--Rejection of the Terms--Patriotism of the French Nation--Fall of Tournay--Battle of Malplaquet--Meeting of Parliament--Dr. Sacheverell's Sermons--His Impeachment resolved upon--Attitude of the Court--The Trial and Sacheverell's Defence--The Riots--Dispersal of the Rabble--The Sentence--Bias of the Queen--The Tories in Power--Renewed Overtures for Peace--Their Failure--The Campaigns in the Netherlands and in Spain--Brihuega and its Consequence--Marlborough's Reign at an End--Unpopularity of Marlborough--Dismissal of the Duchess--Triumph of the Tories--Guiscard's Attack on Harley--Popularity of Harley--Marlborough's Last Campaign--Failure of the Attack on Quebec--The Ministry determine to make Peace--Overtures to the Pretender--He refuses to Change his Religion--Gualtier's Mission to Versailles--Indignation of the Dutch--The Basis of Negotiations--Signing of the Preliminaries--Excitement Abroad and at Home--Prorogation of Parliament--Strengthening of the Ministry--Debates in the two Houses--The Whigs adopt the Occasional Conformity Bill--Creation of Peers--Dismissal of Marlborough from his Employments--Walpole expelled the House 574
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
Christ Church, Oxford, from St. Aldate's (looking West) 1
The Clock Tower, Dublin Castle 5
Charles demanding the Surrender of the Five Members 9
Lord Falkland 13
St. Mary's Church, Nottingham 17
Hampden mortally Wounded at Chalgrove 21
Archbishop Laud's Library, East Quadrangle, John's College, Oxford 25
Prince Rupert 28
Siege-piece of Charles I.--Newark (Half-crown) 29
Siege-piece of Charles I.--Pontefract (Shilling) 29
Siege-piece of Charles I.--Beeston (Two Shillings) 29
Siege-piece of Charles I.--Colchester (Ten Shillings, Gold) 29
St. Margaret's, Westminster 33
Interview between Charles and the Earl of Denbigh 36
Roundhead Soldiers 37
Charles at the Battle of Naseby 41
Cavalier Soldiers 45
Raglan Castle 49
Flight of Charles from Oxford 53
Queen Henrietta's Drawing-room and Bedroom, Merton College, Oxford 57
Lord Fairfax 61
Cornet Joyce's Interview with Charles 64
Fairfax House, Putney 65
Lord Clarendon 69
Carisbrooke Castle, Isle of Wight 73
Rising of the London Apprentices on behalf of Charles 76
Execution of Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle 77
Arrival of Charles under Guard at Hurst Castle 81
Trial of Charles 85
Charles's Farewell Interview with the Duke of Gloucester and the Princess Elizabeth 89
Oliver Cromwell 93
Assassination of Dr. Dorislaus 97
Great Seal of the Commonwealth 101
Dunbar 105
Cromwell on his way to London after the Battle of Worcester 108
Henry Ireton 109
Royal Museum and Picture Gallery, The Hague 113
Cromwell addressing the Long Parliament for the Last Time 117
Token of the Commonwealth (Copper) 121
Broad of the Commonwealth (Gold) 121
Crown of the Commonwealth (Silver) 121
The Great Hall, Hampton Court Palace 125
John Milton 129
The Royalist Plotters at Salisbury insulting the Sheriff 132
The Painted Chamber, Westminster 133
Admiral Blake 137
Cromwell refusing the Crown 141
Arrest of Conspirators at the "Mermaid" 145
John Thurloe 149
The Manor House, Wimbledon (1660) 153
Richard Cromwell 156
Reception of Monk in the City of London 157
Interior of the Painted Chamber, Westminster (looking East) 161
Landing of Charles II. at Dover 164
Cecil, Second Lord Baltimore 169
Cheapside and the Cross in 1660 172
The "Globe" Theatre, Southwark (with the "Rose" Theatre in the Distance), in 1613 173
Hawthornden in 1773 177
Scene at the Funeral of Chillingworth 181
William Harvey 184
Reduced Facsimile of Front Page of No. 26 of "A Perfect Diurnall" 185
Shopkeeper and Apprentice in the Time of Charles I. 189
Great Seal of Charles II. 193
Charles II. 197
Arrest of Argyll 200
Shilling of Charles II. 205
Halfpenny (with Figure of Britannia) of Charles II. 205
Crown of Charles II. 205
Five-Guinea Piece of Charles II. 205
Sir Harry Vane taking Leave of his Wife and Friends 209
The Great Plague: Scene in the Streets of London 213
Thumbscrew 214
The Great Plague: The Maniac pronouncing the Doom of London 217
Pie Corner, Smithfield, where the Great Fire reached its Limits 220
George Monk, Duke of Albemarle 221
Tilbury Fort 225
Samuel Pepys 229
The Assault on Sir John Coventry 232
Anthony Ashley Cooper, First Earl of Shaftesbury 237
View in the Hague: The Gevangenpoort in which Cornelius and John De Witt were imprisoned (1672) 241
Sir William Temple 245
Titus Oates before the Privy Council 249
Thomas Osborne, first Duke of Leeds 253
Hôtel de Ville, Paris, in the Eighteenth Century 257
Assassination of Archbishop Sharp 260
The Duke of Monmouth 265
Arrival of Charles at Oxford 268
Escape of Argyll 273
The Rye House 277
Trial of Lord William Russell 281
The Bass Rock 284
Great Seal of James II. 289
James II. 293
The Last Sleep of Argyll 297
The Cross, Bridgewater, where Monmouth was proclaimed King 300
Monmouth's Interview with the King 304
Judge Jeffreys 309
Fourpenny Piece of James II. 311
Five-Guinea Piece of James II. 311
Windsor Castle, from the Brocas 313
Parliament Hall, Edinburgh 317
John Dryden 321
James doing Homage to the Papal Nuncio 324
The Seven Bishops entering the Tower 329
View in the Hague: The Hall of the Knights in the Binnenhof 333
William of Orange embarking to join the "Brill" 337
William of Orange entering Exeter 341
James hearing of the Landing of William of Orange 345
Roger Williams leaving his Home in Massachusetts 353
Milton dictating "Paradise Lost" to his Daughters 357
Samuel Butler 361
John Bunyan 364
Gresham College, where the Royal Society was first Housed 365
Sir Isaac Newton 369
Evelyn "Discovering" Grinling Gibbons 372
Costumes of the Time of Charles II. 377
Chelsea Hospital 380
May-Day Revels in the Time of Charles II. 384
Ships of the Time of Charles II. 385
The Old East India House in 1630 389
Great Seal of William and Mary 396
Kensington Palace 397
William III. 400
Mary II. 401
Covenanters evicting an Episcopalian Clergyman 405
Battle of Killiecrankie: The Last Charge of Dundee 409
The _Mountjoy_ and _Phœnix_ breaking the Boom at Londonderry 416
Landing of Marshal Schomberg at Carrickfergus 417
Five-Guinea Piece of William and Mary 420
Crown of William and Mary 420
Fourpenny Piece of William and Mary 420
Halfpenny of William and Mary 420
Henry VII.'s Chapel, Westminster Abbey 424
William Penn 425
James entering Dublin after the Battle of the Boyne 429
The French retreating from Torbay 433
Edinburgh Castle in 1725 436
The Duke of Marlborough 441
The Assault of Athlone 444
Scene at the Removal of the Irish Soldiers from Limerick 445
George Saville, Marquis of Halifax 449
Lady Marlborough and the Princess Anne at the Queen's Drawing-Room 453
Glencoe: Scene of the Massacre 457
Greenwich Hospital 464
Burning of Blount's Pamphlet by the Common Hangman 465
Louis XIV. 469
Costumes of the Time of William and Mary 473
William Paterson 477
Five-Guinea Piece of William 480
Half-Crown of William 480
Surrender of Boufflers 481
Conspirators landing at Romney Marsh 485
Bishop Burnet 489
Old Mercers' Hall, where the Bank of England was first Established 492
Lady Fenwick interceding for her Husband 493
Lord Somers 497
William's triumphant Procession to Whitehall 500
View in the Hague: Old Gate in the Binnenhof, with the Arms of the County of Holland 505
Charles Montague, Earl of Halifax 509
Scene at the Departure from Leith of the Darien Expedition 513
The Royal Palace of Whitehall, from the Thames, in the beginning of the 17th Century 520
Captain Kidd before the Bar of the House of Commons 525
The Pretender proclaimed King of England by Order of Louis XIV. 529
View in the Hague: Chamber of the States-General in the Binnenhof 533
Bishop Burnet announcing her Accession to Anne 537
Lord Godolphin 541
View in Lisbon: The Práça de Dom Pedro 545
The King of Spain at Windsor: His Gallantry to the Duchess of Marlborough 549
Prince Eugene of Savoy 553
The Battle of Blenheim 557
Queen Anne 561
Great Seal of Queen Anne 568
The People of Edinburgh Escorting the Duke of Hamilton to Holyrood Palace 569
Costumes of the Reign of Queen Anne 572
Wreck of Sir Cloudesley Shovel's Fleet 577
Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough 581
London Coffee House in the Reign of Queen Anne 585
Five-Guinea Piece of Queen Anne 588
Farthing of Queen Anne 588
Two-Guinea Piece of Queen Anne 588
Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford 589
Drinking to the Health of Dr. Sacheverell 592
Making Friends with Mrs. Masham 593
The Duke of Marlborough's Interview with Queen Anne 597
The Fracas in the Privy Council 601
Marlborough House in the Time of Queen Anne 604
Henry St. John (afterwards Viscount Bolingbroke) 605
LIST OF PLATES
CHARLES I. ON HIS WAY TO EXECUTION, 1649. (_By Ernest Crofts, R.A._) _Frontispiece_
MAP OF ENGLAND DURING THE CIVIL WAR, 1642-1649. _To face p._ 50
THE CHILDREN OF CHARLES I. (_By Miss Margaret I. Dicksee_) " 71
DEATH OF THE PRINCESS ELIZABETH, CARISBROOKE CASTLE, SEPT. 8TH, 1650. (_By C. W. Cope, R.A._) " 102
CROMWELL REFUSING THE CROWN. (_By J. Schex_) " 145
RESCUED FROM THE PLAGUE, LONDON, 1665. (_By F. W. W. Topham, R.I._) " 209
CHARLES II. AND NELL GWYNN. (_By E. M. Ward, R.A._) " 210
THE GREAT FIRE OF LONDON, 1666. (_By Stanhope A. Forbes, A.R.A._) " 225
THE DISGRACE OF LORD CLARENDON AFTER HIS LAST INTERVIEW WITH THE KING IN WHITEHALL PALACE, 1667. (_By E. M. Ward, R.A._) " 233
THE ANTE-CHAMBER OF WHITEHALL DURING THE LAST MOMENTS OF CHARLES II., 1685. (_By E. M. Ward, R.A._) " 289
"AFTER SEDGEMOOR." (_By W. Rainey, R.I._) " 302
COVENANTERS PREACHING. (_By Sir George Harvey, R.S.A._) " 402
WILLIAM III. AT THE BATTLE OF THE BOYNE. (_By Jan Wyck_) " 430
A LOST CAUSE: FLIGHT OF JAMES II. AFTER THE BATTLE OF THE BOYNE, 1690. (_By Andrew C. Gow, R.A._) " 433
THE FOUNDING OF THE BANK OF ENGLAND, 1694. (_By George Harcourt_) " 471
PETER THE GREAT AT DEPTFORD DOCKYARD. (_By Daniel Maclise, R.A._) " 503
H.R.H. PRINCESS ANNE OF DENMARK, AFTERWARDS QUEEN OF ENGLAND. (_By W. Wissing and J. Vandervaart_) " 545
CASSELL'S
ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ENGLAND.