Cassell's History of England, Vol. 2 (of 8) From the Wars of the Roses to the Great Rebellion
CHAPTER XX.
Reign of Charles I (_continued_).
Visit of Charles to Scotland--Laud and the Papal See--His Ecclesiastical Measures--Punishment of Prynne, Bastwick, and Burton--Disgrace of Williams--Ship-money--Resistance of John Hampden--Wentworth in the North--Recall of Falkland from Ireland--Wentworth's Measures--Inquiry into Titles--Prelacy Riots in Edinburgh--Jenny Geddes's Stool--The Tables--Renewal of the Covenant--Charles makes Concessions--The General Assembly--Preparations for War--Charles at York--Leslie at Dunse Hill--A Conference held--Treaty of Berwick--Arrest of Loudon--Insult from the Dutch--Wentworth in England--The Short Parliament--Riots in London--Preparations of the Scots--Mutiny in the English Army--Invasion of England--Treaty of Ripon--Meeting of the Long Parliament--Impeachment of Strafford--His Trial--He is abandoned by Charles--His Execution--The King's Visit to Scotland 550
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
Dandy of the Time of Charles I. IX
Eltham Palace, from the North-east 1
The Duke of York Challenged to Mortal Combat 5
View in Lübeck: The Church of St. Ægidius 9
Clifford's Tower: York Castle 12
Rutland beseeching Clifford to spare his Life 13
The Quarrel in the Temple Gardens 17
Edward IV. 20
Dunstanburgh Castle 21
Great Seal of Edward IV. 25
Gold Rose Noble of Edward IV. 28
Preaching at St. Paul's Cross 29
Battle of Barnet: Death of the King-maker 33
Burial of King Henry 37
Louis XI. and the Herald 41
St. Andrews, from the Pier 45
Great Seal of Edward V. 48
Edward V. 49
The Tower of London: Bloody and Wakefield Towers 52
Great Seal of Richard III. 53
The Princes in the Tower 56
Richard III. 57
Richard III. at the Battle of Bosworth 61
Facsimile of Caxton's Printing in the "Dictes and Sayings of Philosophers," (1477) 65
Earl Rivers Presenting Caxton to Edward IV. 65
The Quadrangle, Eton College 68
Interior of King's College Chapel, Cambridge 69
Street in London in the Fifteenth Century 73
Cannon of the End of the Fifteenth Century 75
Great Seal of Henry VII. 77
Henry VII. 80
The Last Stand of Schwarz and his Germans 81
Penny of Henry VII. Angel of Henry VII. Noble of Henry VII. Sovereign of Henry VII. 85
Stirling Castle 89
St. Michael's Mount, Cornwall 92
Lady Catherine Gordon before Henry VII. 93
The Byward Tower, Tower of London 97
King Henry's Departure from Henningham Castle 100
Henry VII.'s Chapel, Westminster Abbey 101
Great Seal of Henry VIII. 105
Meeting of Henry and the Emperor Maximilian 108
Henry and the captured French Officers 109
Edinburgh after Flodden 113
Archbishop Warham 117
Hampton Court Palace 121
Henry VIII. 125
Great Ship of Henry VIII. 129
Stirling, from the Abbey Craig 132
Cardinal Wolsey 133
Silver Groat of Henry VIII. Gold Crown of Henry VIII. George Noble of Henry VIII. 136
Pound Sovereign of Henry VIII. Double Sovereign of Henry VIII. 137
Surrender of Francis on the Battle-field of Pavia 141
Martin Luther 145
The Trial of Queen Catherine 149
The Dismissal of Wolsey 153
The Tower of London: Sketch in the Gardens 157
Sir Thomas More 160
The Parting of Sir Thomas More and his Daughter 161
Anne Boleyn 165
Anne Boleyn's Last Farewell of her Ladies 168
St. Peter's Chapel, Tower Green, London, where Anne Boleyn was Buried 169
The Pilgrimage of Grace 173
Gateway of Kirkham Priory 176
Beauchamp Tower, and Place of Execution within the Tower of London 177
Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex 181
Catherine Howard being conveyed to the Tower 185
Capture of the Fitzgeralds 188
The First Levee of Mary Queen of Scots 192
View in St. Andrews: North Street 193
Francis I. 197
The Assassination of Cardinal Beaton 201
Edward VI. 205
Great Seal of Edward VI. 209
The Royal Herald in Ket's Camp 212
Old Somerset House, London 213
The Duke of Somerset 217
Silver Crown of Edward VI. 219
Sixpence of Edward VI. Shilling of Edward VI. Pound Sovereign of Edward VI. Triple Sovereign of Edward VI. 220
Queen Mary and the State Prisoners in the Tower 221
Great Seal of Philip and Mary 224
View from the Constable's Garden, Tower of London 225
Old London Bridge, with Nonsuch Palace 229
Lady Jane Grey on her way to the Scaffold 233
Archbishop Cranmer 237
The Place of Martyrdom, Old Smithfield 240
Mary I. 241
The Hôtel de Ville and Old Lighthouse, Calais 244
Shilling of Philip and Mary. Real of Mary I. 245
Elizabeth's Public Entry into London 249
Elizabeth 252
Autograph of Elizabeth 253
Mar's Work, Stirling 257
Great Seal of Elizabeth 260
Mary, Queen of Scots 261
The Murder of Rizzio 265
Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh 269
Mary Signing the Deed of Abdication in Lochleven Castle 273
Lord Burleigh 276
Farthing of Elizabeth. Halfpenny of Elizabeth. Penny of Elizabeth. Twopence of Elizabeth. Half-crown of Elizabeth. Half-sovereign of Elizabeth 277
The Duke of Norfolk's Interview with Elizabeth 281
The Regent Murray 284
High Street, Linlithgow 285
Kenilworth Castle 289
The House of the English Ambassador during the Massacre of St. Bartholomew 293
Murder of the Earl of Desmond 297
The Earl of Arran accusing Morton of the Murder of Darnley 300
Dumbarton Rock, with view of Castle 301
The Earl of Leicester 305
Trial of Mary Queen of Scots in Fotheringay Castle 309
Mary Queen of Scots receiving Intimation of her Doom 312
Sir Francis Drake 317
The Hoe, Plymouth 320
The Armada in Sight 321
Philip II. 325
Beauchamp Tower, Warders' Houses, and Yeoman Gaolers' Lodgings: Tower of London 329
The Quarrel between Elizabeth and the Earl of Essex 332
The Earl of Essex 333
Lord Grey and his Followers Attacking the Earl of Southampton 337
Elizabeth's Promenade on Richmond Green 340
Richmond Palace 341
Town and Country Folk of Elizabeth's Reign 345
State Trial in Westminster Hall in the Time of Elizabeth 349
John Knox 353
Reduced Facsimile of the Title-page of the Great Bible, also called Cromwell's Bible 357
Christ's Hospital, London 361
Latimer Preaching before Edward VI. 364
Roger Ascham's Visit to Lady Jane Grey 365
Edmund Spenser 369
The House at Stratford-on-Avon in which Shakespeare was Born 373
Shakespeare 376
The Acting of one of Shakespeare's Plays in the Time of Queen Elizabeth 377
Queen Elizabeth's Cither and Music-book 379
Holland House, Kensington 380
The Great Court of Kirby Hall, Northamptonshire 381
Entrance from the Courtyard of Burleigh House, Stamford 383
Elizabeth's Drawing-room, Penshurst Place 384
Soldiers of the Tudor Period 385
The Wedding of Jack of Newbury: The Bride's Procession 389
Ships of Elizabeth's Time 393
The First Royal Exchange, London (Founded by Sir Thomas Gresham) 396
Sir Thomas Gresham 397
The Frolic of My Lord of Misrule 401
Punishment of the Stocks 403
James I. 405
St. Thomas's Tower and Traitor's Gate, Tower of London 409
Sir Walter Raleigh 412
The Dissenting Divines Presenting their Petition to James 413
The Old Palace, Westminster, in the time of Charles I. 417
Great Seal of James I. 420
Guy Fawkes's Cellar under Parliament House 421
Lord Monteagle and the Warning Letter about the Gunpowder Plot 425
Arrest of Guy Fawkes 428
Pound Sovereign of James I. Unit or Laurel of James I. (Gold). Spur Rial of James I. (Gold). Thistle Crown of James I. (Gold) 432
Sir Robert Cecil, afterwards Earl of Salisbury 433
Shilling of James I. Crown of James I. 436
James and his Courtiers setting out for the Hunt 437
The Star Chamber 441
Flight of the Lady Arabella Stuart 444
Notre Dame, Caudebec 445
Sir Francis Bacon (Viscount St. Albans) 449
The Banqueting House, Whitehall 452
Greenwich Palace in the time of James I. 456
Sir Edward Coke 457
Andrew Melville before the Scottish Privy Council 461
Keeping Sunday, according to King James's Book of Sports 465
Parliament House, Dublin, in the Seventeenth Century 469
Sir Francis Bacon waiting an Audience of Buckingham 472
Arrest of Sir Walter Raleigh 476
Sir Walter Raleigh before the Judges 477
The Franzensring, Vienna 481
Interview between Bacon and the Deputation from the Lords 484
George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham 485
The Fleet Prison 489
Public Reception of Prince Charles in Madrid 493
Prince Charles's Farewell of the Infanta 497
The Royal Palace, Madrid 500
The Ladies of the French Court and the Portrait of Prince Charles 504
Henrietta Maria 505
Great Seal of Charles I. 509
Charles welcoming his Queen to England 512
Charles I. 513
Reception of Viscount Wimbledon at Plymouth 516
York House (The Duke of Buckingham's Mansion) 517
Trial of Buckingham 521
Interior of the Banqueting House, Whitehall 525
Sir John Eliot 529
Assassination of the Duke of Buckingham 533
Tyburn in the time of Charles I. 537
Three Pound Piece of Charles I. Broad of Charles I. Briot Shilling of Charles I. 540
John Selden 541
Scene in the House of Commons: The Speaker Coerced 545
Interior of Old St. Paul's 549
Dunblane 552
Archbishop Laud 553
John Lilburne on the Pillory 557
The Birmingham Tower, Dublin Castle 561
Sir Thomas Wentworth (Earl of Strafford) 564
The People Signing the Covenant in St. Giles's Church, Edinburgh 568
St. Giles's Church, Edinburgh, in the 17th Century 569
The Old College, Glasgow, in the 17th Century 573
Charles and the Scottish Commissioners 577
John Hampden 581
Guildhall, London, in the time of Charles I. 585
Advance of the Covenanters across the Border into England 589
John Pym 592
Arrest of the Earl of Strafford 593
Westminster Hall and Palace Yard in the time of Charles I. 597
Charles Signing the Commission of Assent to Strafford's Attainder 601
The Old Parliament House, Edinburgh 604
The Marquis of Montrose 605
LIST OF PLATES
DEPARTURE OF ENGLISH AND FRENCH FROM GENOA IN 1390 TO CHASTISE THE BARBARY CORSAIRS. (_From the Froissart MS. in the British Museum_) _Frontispiece_
THE CROWN OF ENGLAND BEING OFFERED TO RICHARD, DUKE OF GLOUCESTER, AT BAYNARD'S CASTLE, IN 1483. (_By Sigismund Goetze_) _To face p._ 50
CAXTON SHOWING THE FIRST SPECIMEN OF HIS PRINTING TO KING EDWARD IV., AT THE ALMONRY, WESTMINSTER. (_By Daniel Maclise, R.A._) " 64
THE GRAND ASSAULT UPON THE TOWN OF AFRICA BY THE ENGLISH AND FRENCH. (_From the Froissart MS. in the British Museum_) " 72
FROISSART PRESENTING HIS BOOK OF LOVE POEMS TO RICHARD II., IN 1395.--THE LANDING OF THE LADY DE COUCY AT BOULOGNE. (_From the Froissart MS. in the British Museum_) " 74
CARDINAL WOLSEY GOING IN PROCESSION TO WESTMINSTER HALL. (_By Sir John Gilbert, R.A., P.R.W.S._) " 118
CARDINAL WOLSEY AT LEICESTER ABBEY. (_By Sir John Gilbert, R.A., P.R.W.S._) " 154
SWEETHEARTS AND WIVES. (MOSS-TROOPERS RETURNING FROM A FORAY.) (_By S. E. Waller_) " 190
LADY JANE GREY'S RELUCTANCE TO ACCEPT THE CROWN OF ENGLAND. (_By C. R. Leslie, R.A._) " 222
CRANMER AT TRAITORS' GATE. (_By F. Goodall, R.A._) " 226
QUEEN ELIZABETH. (_By F. Zucchero_) " 246
THE PREACHING OF JOHN KNOX BEFORE THE LORDS OF THE CONGREGATION, 10TH JUNE, 1559. (_By Sir David Wilkie, R.A._) " 256
THE INVINCIBLE ARMADA. (_By Albert Goodwin, R.W.S._) " 312
"THE SURRENDER": AN INCIDENT OF THE SPANISH ARMADA. (_By Seymour Lucas, R.A._) " 322
A STORY OF THE SPANISH MAIN. (_By Seymour Lucas, R.A._) " 338
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. (_From the Painting known as the Chandos Portrait, and attributed to Richard Burbage, in the National Portrait Gallery_) " 374
MAP OF THE WORLD AT THE END OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY, SHOWING THE DISCOVERIES OF BRITISH AND OTHER EXPLORERS " 394
THE DEPARTURE OF THE "MAYFLOWER." (_By A. W. Bayes_) " 474
ILLUMINATED PAGE, WITH BORDERING. (_From the Froissart MS. in the British Museum_) " 512
VISIT OF CHARLES I. TO THE GUILDHALL. (_By Solomon J. Solomon, R.A._) " 582
STRAFFORD GOING TO EXECUTION. (_By Paul Delaroche_) " 604
CASSELL'S
ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ENGLAND.