Part 42

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Social Weaver Birds (Philetaërus), i., 167; the Social Weaver Bird (P. socius), i., 167. " " 2.--The Yellow Weaver Birds (Ploceus), i., 168; the Golden Weaver Bird (P. galbula), i., 168. " " 3.--The Bayas, or Bunting Weaver Birds (Nelicurvius), i., 170; the Baya (N. Baya), i., 170. " " 4.--The Crimson-beaked Weaver Birds (Quelea), i., 171; the Crimson-beaked Weaver Bird, or Diock (Q. sanguinirostris), i., 171. " " 5.--The Tahas (Taha), i., 174; the Taha (T. dubia), i., 174. " " 6.--The Fire-finches (Euplectes), i., 174; the Flame-coloured Fire-finch (E. ignicolor), i., 175. " " 7.--The Buffalo Weaver Birds (Textor), i., 176; the Alecto Buffalo Weaver Bird (T. Alecto), i., 177.

_FAMILY X._--THE WHYDAH OR WIDOW BIRDS (VIDUÆ), i., 178.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Mourning Widows (Coliuspasser), i., 179; the Yellow-shouldered Mourning Widow (C. flaviscapulatus), i., 179. " " 2.--The Long-tailed Widow Birds (Chera), i., 179; the Long-tailed Widow Bird (C. caffra), i., 179. " " 3.--The Cock-tailed Widow Birds (Steganura), i., 180; the Paradise Widow Bird (S. paradisea), i., 180.

_FAMILY XI._--THE BUNTING FINCHES (PASSERELLÆ), i., 181.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Morning Finches (Zonotrichia), i., 181; the White-throated Sparrow (Z. albicollis), i., 182; the Morning Finch (Z. matutina), i., 182. " " 2.--The Bunting Finches Proper (Spizella), i., 183; the Tree Bunting Finch (S. Canadensis), i., 183. " " 3.--The Prairie Bunting Finches (Passerculus), i., 184; the Prairie Bunting Finch (P. savannus), i., 184. " " 4.--The Shore Finches (Ammodromus), i., 184; the Sea Bunting Finch (A. maritimus), i., 184.

_FAMILY XII._--_The Buntings_ (EMBERIZÆ), i., 185.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Crested Buntings (Gubernatrix), i., 185; the Crested Bunting (G. cristatella), i., 185. " " 2.--The Grey Buntings (Miliaria), i., 186; the Grey Bunting (M. valida), i., 186. " " 3.--The True Buntings (Emberiza), i., 187; the Golden or Yellow Bunting (E. citrinella), i., 187; the Ortolan (E. or Glycyspina hortulana), i., 188; the Red Bunting (E. or Glycyspina cia), i., 190. " " 4.--The Ornate Buntings (Euspiza), i., 190; the Black-headed Bunting (E. melanocephala), i., 190. " " 5.--The Reed Buntings (Cynchramus), i., 191; the Reed Bunting (C. Schœniclus), i., 191. " " 6.--The Spurred Buntings (Centrophanes), i., 191; the Lark Bunting (C. Lapponicus), i., 192. " " 7.--The Winter Buntings (Plectrophanes), i., 194; the Snow Bunting (P. nivalis), i., 194.

_FAMILY XIII._--THE LARKS (ALAUDÆ), i., 195.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Calandra Larks (Melanocorypha), i., 196; the Calandra Lark (M. calandra), i., 197; the Short-toed Lark, or Calandrelle (M. or Calandritis brachydactyla), i., 198. " " 2.--The Black Larks (Saxilauda), i., 199; the Black or Moor Lark (S. Tatarica), i., 199. " " 3.--The Sand Larks (Ammomanes), i., 199; the Desert Lark (A. deserti), i., 199. " " 4.--The Bunting Larks (Pyrrhulauda), i., 200; the Black-headed Bunting Lark (P. leucotis), i., 201. " " 5.--The Mountain Larks (Phileremos), i., 201; the Alpine Lark (P. alpestris), i., 201. " " 6.--The Tufted Larks (Galerita), i., 203; the Tufted Lark (G. cristata), i., 203. " " 7.--The Wood Larks (Corys), i., 204; the Wood Lark (Corys or Alauda arborea), i., 204. " " 8.--The Larks Proper (Alauda), i., 206; the Skylark (Alauda arvensis), i., 206. " " 9.--The Spur Larks (Macronyx), i., 208; the Sentry Lark (M. capensis), i., 208. " " 10.--The Courser Larks (Alæmon), i., 209; the Desert Courser Lark (A. desertorum), i., 209.

* * * * *

_SUB-ORDER III._

RAVENS (CORACIROSTRES).

_FAMILY I._--THE YELLOW STARLINGS (ICTERI), i., 211.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Rice-eaters (Dolichonyx), i., 212; the Boblink, or Rice-bird (D. oryzivorus), i., 212. " " 2.--The Marsh Troopials (Agelaius), i., 214; the Red-winged Troopial (A. Phœniceus), i., 214. " " 3.--The Cow-Birds (Molothrus), i., 215; the Cow-Starling (M. pecoris), i., 215. " " 4.--The Yellow or Golden Starlings (Icterus), i., 215; the Jamaica Yellow Bird (I. Jamaicaii), i., 216. " " 5.--The Hang-nests (Hyphantes), i., 218; the Baltimore Golden Starling (H. Baltimori), i., 218. " " 6.--The Cassicans (Cassicus), i., 218; the Japu, or Tufted Cassican (C. cristatus), i., 219. " " 7.--The Boat-tails (Quiscalus), i., 222; the Great Boat-tail (Q. major), i., 222.

_FAMILY II._--THE STARLINGS (STURNI), i., 223.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Starlings Proper (Sturni), i., 223; the Common Starling (S. vulgaris), i., 223; the Sardinian Starling (S. unicolor), i., 227. " " 2.--The Blackbird Starlings (Pastor), i. 227; the Rose Starling (P. roseus), i., 227. " " 3.--The Mina Birds (Acridotheres), i., 228; the Mina Bird (A. tristis), i., 228. " " 4.--The Grakles (Gracula), i., 230; the Musical Grakle (G. musica or religiosa), i., 230. " " 5.--The Ox-biters (Buphaga), i., 231; the African Ox-biter (B. Africanus), i., 231; the Red-beaked Ox-biter (B. erythrorhyncha), i., 231.

_FAMILY III._--THE GLOSSY STARLINGS (LAMPROTORNITHES), i., 232.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The True Glossy Starlings (Lamprocolius), i., 234; the Bronze-coloured Glossy Starling (L. chalybeus), i., 234. " " 2.--The Glossy Thrush-Starlings (Notauges), i., 234; the Golden-breasted Glossy Starling (N. chrysogaster), i., 234; the Superb Glossy Starling (N. superbus), i., 234. " " 3.--The Scaly Glossy Starlings (Pholidauges), i., 235; the Scaly Glossy Starling (P. leucogaster), i., 235. " " 4.--The Glossy Magpies (Lamprotornis), i., 236; the Brazen Glossy Magpie (L. aënea), i., 236. " " 5.--The Rock Glossy Starlings (Ptilorhinus), i., 237; the White-beaked Rock Glossy Starling (P. albirostris), i., 237. " " 6.--The Mountain Glossy Starlings (Amydrus), i., 238; the Naburup (A. Naburup), i., 238.

_FAMILY IV._--THE ORIOLES (ORIOLI), i., 238.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Satin Birds (Ptilonorhynchus), i., 239; the Satin Bower Bird (P. holosericus), i., 239. " " 2.--The Collar Birds (Chlamydera), i., 240; the Spotted Collar Bird (C. maculata), i., 240. " " 3.--The Orioles Proper (Oriolus), i., 242; the Golden Oriole (O. galbula), i., 242. " " 4.--The Silky Orioles (Sericulus), i., 243; the Golden-crested Oriole (S. chrysocephalus), i., 243.

_FAMILY V._--THE BIRDS OF PARADISE (PARADISEÆ), i., 245.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The True Birds of Paradise (Paradisea), i., 245; the Footless Bird of Paradise (P. apoda), i., 246; the Wumbi (P. Papuana), i., 246; the Ruby or Red Bird of Paradise (P. rubra), i., 247. " " 2.--The Spiral-tailed Birds of Paradise (Cincinnurus), i., 250; the King of the Birds of Paradise (C. regius), i., 250. " " 3.--The Collared Birds of Paradise (Lophorina), i., 251; the Collared Bird of Paradise (L. superba), i., 251. " " 4.--The Ornate Birds of Paradise (Parotia), i., 251; the Six-feathered Birds of Paradise (P. sex-pennis), i., 251. " " 5.--The Resplendent Epimachi (Seleucides), i., 251; the Resplendent Epimachus (S. resplendens), i., 251. " " 6.--The Epimachi Proper (Epimachus), i., 252; the Collared Epimachus (E. magnus), i., 252. " " 7.--The Magpie Birds of Paradise (Astrapiæ), i., 253; the Magpie Bird of Paradise (A. gularis), i., 253.

_FAMILY VI._--THE RAVENS (CORACES), i., 254.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Choughs (Fregilus), i., 254; the Chough (F. graculus), i., 254. " " 2.--The Alpine Choughs (Pyrrhocorax), i., 255; the Alpine Chough (P. alpinus), i., 255. " " 3.--The Ravens Proper (Corax), i., 257; the Raven (C. nobilis), i., 257. " " 4.--The Vulture Ravens (Corvultur), i., 259; the White-necked Vulture Raven (C. albicollis), i., 259; the Thick-billed Vulture Raven (C. crassirostris), i., 259. " " 5.--The Ornamented Ravens (Pterocorax), i., 260; the Scapulated Raven (P. scapulatus), i., 260. " " 6.--The Crows (Corvus), i., 262; the Carrion Crow (C. corona), i., 262; the Hooded Crow (C. cornix), i., 262. " " 7.--The Rooks (Frugilegus) i., 264; the Rook (F. segetum), i., 264. " " 8.--The Jackdaws (Monedula), i., 266; the Jackdaw (M. turrium), i., 266. " " 9.--The Glossy Crows (Anomalocorax), i., 267; the Glossy Crow (A. splendens), i., 267. " " 10.--The Nutcrackers (Nucifraga), i., 269; the Nutcracker (N. caryocatactes), i., 269. " " 11.--The Piping Crows (Gymnorhina), i., 270; the Flute Bird (G. tibicen), i., 270. " " 12.--The Bell Magpies (Strepera), i., 271; the Bell Bird (S. graculina), i., 271. " " 13.--The Bald-headed Crows (Picathartes), i., 271; the Bald-headed Crow (P. gymnocephalus), i., 271.

_FAMILY VII._--THE JAYS (GARRULI), i., 272.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Magpies (Pica), i., 272; the Magpie (P. caudata), i., 272. " " 2.--The Blue Magpies (Cyanopica), i., 274; the Blue Magpie (C. Cookii), i., 274. " " 3.--The Blue Ravens (Cyanocorax), i., 275; the Hooded Blue Raven (C. pileatus), i., 275. " " 4.--The Blue Jackdaws (Cyanocitta), i., 275; the Crested Blue Jackdaw (C. cristata), i., 275. " " 5.--The Jays Proper (Garrulus), i., 278; the Common Jay (G. glandarius), i., 278. " " 6.--The Unlucky Jays (Perisoreus), i., 279; the Unlucky Jay (P. infaustus), i., 279. " " 7.--The Tree Magpies (Dendrocitta), i., 280; the Wandering Magpie (D. vagabunda), i., 280. " " 8.--The Benteots (Crypsirhina), i., 281; the Benteot (C. varians), i., 281. " " 9.--The Stump Jays (Temnurus), i., 282; the Saw-tail (T. truncatus), i., 282. " " 10.--The Long-tailed Kittas (Urocissa), i., 282; the Long-tailed Kitta (U. Sinensis), i., 282. " " 11.--The Feather-Beaks (Cissa), i., 283; the Sirgang (C. Sinensis), i., 283.

_FAMILY VIII._--THE PLANTAIN EATERS (AMPHIBOLÆ), i., 283.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The True Plantain Eaters (Musophagæ), i., 283; the Banana Eater (M. violacea), i., 284. " " 2.--The Helmet Birds (Corythaix), i., 285; the White-cheeked Helmet Bird (C. leucotis), i., 285. " " 3.--The Turakos (Corythacola), i., 286; the Crested Turako (C. cristata), i., 286. " " 4.--The Split-beaks (Schizorhis), i., 287; the Alarm Bird (S. zonurus), i., 287. " " 5.--The Mouse Birds (Colii), i., 288; the Wiriwa, or White-cheeked Mouse Bird (C. leucotis), i., 289.

_ORDER II._

THE CATCHERS (CAPTANTES).

* * * * *

_SUB-ORDER IV._

BIRDS OF PREY (RAPTORES).

_FAMILY I._--THE FALCONS (FALCONES), i., 293.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Hunting Falcons (Hierofalco), i., 299; the Hunting Falcon (H. candicans), i., 299; the Polar Falcon (H. arcticus), i., 299; the Gier Falcon (H. gyrfalco), i., 299. " " 2.--The Wandering Falcons (Falco), i., 300; the Peregrine Falcon (F. peregrinus), i., 301; the Red-necked Falcon (F. ruficollis), i., 303; the Turumdi (F. Chiquera), i., 303. " " 3.--The Tree Falcons (Hypotriorchis), 306; the Tree Falcon (H. subbuteo), i., 306. " " 4.--The Bush Falcons (Hieracidea), i., 307; the Berigora (H. Berigora), i., 307. " " 5.--The Kestrels (Tinnunculus), i., 307; the Lark Kestrel (T. alaudarius), i., 308; the Kestrel (T. cenchris), i., 308. " " 6.--The Red-footed Falcons (Erythropus), i., 310; the Evening Falcon (E. vespertinus), i., 310. " " 7.--The Sparrow Falcons (Rhynchodon), i., 311; the Sparrow Falcon (R. sparverius), i., 311. " " 8.--The Dwarf Falcons (Hierax), i., 312; the Muti (H. cœrulescens), i., 312.

_FAMILY II._--THE HAWKS (ACCIPITRES), ii., 1.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Laughing Hawks (Herpetotheres), ii., 1; the Laughing Hawk (H. cachinnans), ii., 1. " " 2.--The Toothed Hawks (Harpagus), ii., 2; the Double-toothed Hawk (H. bidentatus), ii., 2. " " 3.--The Sparrow Hawks (Nisus), ii., 2; the Sparrow Hawk (N. communis), ii., 2. " " 4.--The Hawks Proper (Astur), ii., 4; the Gos Hawk (A. palumbarius), ii, 4. " " 5.--The Singing Hawks (Mclierax), ii., 6; the Singing Hawk (M. musicus and M. polyzonus), ii, 6. " " 6.--The Serpent Hawks (Polyboroides), ii., 7; the Serpent Hawk (P. typicus), ii., 7.

_FAMILY III._--THE EAGLES (AQUILÆ), ii., 8.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The True Eagles (Aquila), ii., 10; the Tawny Eagle (A. fulva), ii., 11; the Golden Eagle (A. chrysaëtos), ii., 10; the Imperial Eagle (A. imperialis), ii., 10; the Spotted Eagle (A. nævia) ii., 13; the Dwarf Eagles (Hieraëtos), ii., 13; the Booted Eagle (H. pennata), ii., 14; the Dwarf Eagle (H. minuta), ii., 15. " " 2.--The Wedge-tailed Eagles (Uroaëtos), ii., 15; the Bold Wedge-tailed Eagle (U. audax), ii., 17. " " 3.--The Hawk Eagles (Pseudaëtos Eudolmaëtos, or Asturaëtos), ii., 17; the Hawk Eagle (P. Bonellii), ii., 17. " " 4.--The Hooded Eagles (Spizaëtos), ii., 18; the Martial Hooded Eagle (S. bellicosus), ii., 18. " " 5.--The Tufted Eagles (Lophaëtos), ii., 19; the Tufted Eagle (L. occipitalis), ii., 19. " " 6.--The Destroying Eagles (Pternura), ii., 19; the Urutaurana (P. tyrannus), ii., 20; Isidore's Destroying Eagle (P. Isidori), ii., 21. " " 7.--The Brazilian Eagles (Morphnus), ii., 21; the Crested Brazilian Eagle (M. Guianensis), ii., 21. " " 8.--The Harpy Eagles (Harpyia), ii., 22; the Harpy Eagle (H. destructor), ii., 22. " " 9.--The Sea Eagles (Haliaëtos), ii., 23; the Sea Eagle (H. albicilla), ii., 23; the White-headed Sea Eagle (H. leucocephalus), ii., 23; the African Screaming Sea Eagle (H. vocifer), ii., 27. " " 10.--The River Eagles, or Fish Hawks (Pandion), ii., 30; the Osprey (P. Haliaëtos), ii., 30.

_FAMILY IV._--THE KITES (MILVI), ii., 31.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Short-tailed Kites (Helotarsus), ii., 32; the Short-tailed Kite (H. ecaudatus), ii., 32. " " 2.--The Gliding Kites (Elanus), ii., 34; the True Gliding Kite (E. melanopterus), ii., 34. " " 3.--The Hovering Kites (Ictinia), ii., 35; the Mississippi Kite (I. Mississippiensis), ii., 35. " " 4.--The Crooked-billed Kites (Cymindis), ii., 36; the Buzzard Kite (C. uncinatus), ii., 36. " " 5.--The Hooded Kites (Baza), ii., 37; the Syama (B. lophotes), ii., 37. " " 6.--The Water Kites (Hydroictinia), ii., 37; the Black Kite (H. atra), ii., 37; the Govinda (H. Govinda), ii., 39; the Parasite Kite (H. parasitica), ii., 39. " " 7.--The True Kites (Milvus), ii., 40; the Red or Royal Kite (M. regalis), ii., 40. " " 8.--The Swallow-tailed Kites (Nauclerus), ii., 41; the Swallow-tailed Kite (N. furcatus), ii., 41. " " 9.--The Dwarf Swallow-tailed Kites (Chelidopterix), ii., 42; the Dwarf Swallow-tailed Kite (C. Riocouri), ii., 43. " " 10.--The Meadow Kites (Strigiceps), ii., 43; the Blue Kite, or Hen Harrier (S. cyaneus), ii., 43; the Pallid Harrier (S. pallidus), ii., 43; the Ash-coloured Harrier (S. cineraceus), ii., 44. " " 11.--The Marsh Kites (Circus), ii., 45; the Reed Kite, or Marsh Harrier (C. rufus), ii., 45. " " 12.--The Spotted Kites (Spilocircus), ii., 46; Jardine's Spotted Kite (S. Jardinii), ii., 46.

_FAMILY V._--THE BUZZARDS (BUTEONES), ii., 47.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Eagle Buzzards (Circaëtos), ii., 47; the Snake Buzzard (C. brachydactylus), ii., 48. " " 2.--The Crested Buzzards (Spilornis), ii., 50; the Bacha (S. Bacha), ii., 50. " " 3.--The Honey Buzzards (Pernis), ii., 50; the Wasp Kite (P. apivorus), ii., 50; the Crested Honey Buzzard (P. cristatus), ii., 52. " " 4.--The Rough-legged Buzzards (Archibuteo), ii., 52; the Winter Buzzard (A. Lagopus), ii., 52. " " 5.--The True Buzzards (Buteo), ii., 52; the Common or Mouse Buzzard (B. vulgaris), ii., 52. " " 6.--The Grasshopper Buzzards (Poliornis), ii., 54; the Red-winged Buzzard (P. rufipennis), ii., 54; the Tesa (P. tesa), ii., 54. " " 7.--The Hook-beaked Buzzards (Rostrhamus), ii., 55; the Caracolero (R. hamatus), ii., 55. " " 8.--The Urubitingas (Hypomorphnus), ii., 55; the Urubitinga (H. Urubitinga), ii., 55.

_FAMILY VI._--THE VULTURE FALCONS (POLYBORI), ii., 56.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Vulture Buzzards (Milvago), ii., 57; the Chimango (M. Chimachima), ii., 57; the Vulture Buzzard (M. Australis), ii., 58. " " 2.--The Vulture Falcons (Polyborus), ii., 58; the Carancho (P. Brasiliensis), ii., 58. " " 3.--The Screaming Buzzards (Ibicter), ii., 60; the Ganga (I. Americanus), ii., 60.

_FAMILY VII._--THE CRANE VULTURES (GYPOGERANI), ii., 62.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Secretary or Crane Vulture (Gypogeranus serpentarius), ii., 62.

_FAMILY VIII._--THE VULTURE EAGLES (GYPAËTI), ii., 67.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Lämmergeier (Gypaëtos), ii., 67; the Bearded Vulture (G. barbatus), ii., 67.

_FAMILY IX._--THE VULTURES PROPER (VULTURES), ii., 69.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Wattled Vultures (Sarcorhamphus), ii., 70; the Condor (Sarcorhamphus gryphus), ii., 70; the Californian Condor (S. Californianus), ii., 71; the King of the Vultures (S. papa), ii., 71. " " 2.--The Goose Vultures (Gyps), ii., 73; the Tawny Goose Vulture (G. fulvus), ii., 74; the Sparrow-hawk Goose Vulture (G. Rüppellii), ii., 74. " " 3.--The Crested Vultures (Vultur), ii., 75; the Cowled or Brown Vulture (V. cinereus), ii., 75; the Crested Vulture (Vultur or Lophogyps occipitalis), ii., 76. " " 4.--The Eared Vultures (Otogyps), ii., 76; the Eared Vulture (O. auricularis), ii., 77.

_FAMILY X._--THE RAVEN VULTURES (CATHARTÆ), ii., 77.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Scavenger Raven Vultures (Percnopterus), ii., 78; the Egyptian Raven Vulture (P. stercorarius), ii., 78. " " 2.--The Collared Vultures (Neophron), ii., 79; the Monk Vulture (N. pileatus), ii., 79. " " 3.--The True Raven Vultures (Cathartes), ii., 82; the Urubu (C. aura), ii., 82. " " 4.--The Crow Vultures (Coragyps), ii., 82; the Gallinazo (C. atratus), ii., 82.

_FAMILY XI._--THE DAY OWLS (SURNIÆ), ii., 85.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Falcon Owls (Surnia), ii., 85; the Sparrow-hawk Owl (S. Ulula), ii., 85. " " 2.--The Hare Owls (Nyctea), ii., 86; the Snow Owl (N. nivea), ii., 86. " " 3.--The Stone Owls (Athene), ii., 87; the Stone Owl (Athene noctua), ii., 87. " " 4.--The Burrowing Owls (Pholeoptynx), ii., 89; the Brazilian or Rabbit Owl (P. cunicularia), ii., 90; the Prairie Owl (P. hypogæa), ii., 90. " " 5.--The Sparrow Owls (Microptynx), ii., 91; the European Sparrow Owl (M. passerina), ii., 91.

_FAMILY XII._--THE EARED OWLS (BUBONES), ii., 91.

_Sub-Family_ 1.--The Uhus (Bubo), ii., 91; the Uhu (B. maximus), ii., 93. " " 2.--The Water Owls (Ketupa), ii., 95; the Brown Fish Owl (K. Ceylonensis), ii., 95. " " 3.--The Eared Owls (Otus), ii., 97; the Woodland Owl (O. sylvestris), ii., 97; the Marsh Owl (O. brachyotus), ii., 98. " " 4.--The Dwarf Eared Owls (Ephialtes), ii., 98; the Dwarf Eared Owl (E. Scops, or E. Carniolica), ii., 98.