Part 20

By and large, the antitrust laws can be effectively applied to combat restraints upon the domestic and foreign commerce of the United States whether the practices, agreements or conspiracies complained of have their inception in this country or elsewhere.

It has become an accepted principle of law that acts done or agreements entered into in a foreign jurisdiction, even though lawful there, may be prosecuted or enjoined in this country where the effect or result of such acts or agreements is a violation of our laws. This principle has been applied in antitrust cases, and agreements which restrain our trade with foreign nations have been uniformly declared illegal. Our courts may control foreign citizens or corporations operating wholly in foreign territory, where their operations extend into the domestic and foreign commerce of this country, just as we may undoubtedly control the activities of our own citizens and our own corporations which impinge upon our domestic and foreign trade and commerce.

The mere fact that a combination is formed in a foreign country does not prevent the application of our laws where it affects the foreign commerce of this country and is put into operation here. Conversely, combinations or agreements entered into in the United States and adversely affecting the foreign trade of this country are subject to the antitrust laws even though the acts done to effectuate the restraints are performed outside this country. It is recognized that some cartel arrangements are instigated by or under cover of foreign governmental authority, but unless the cartel arrangements complained of are solely participated in by the foreign government, the situation is not altered.

While a foreign sovereign may have immunity from suit, such immunity does not apply to private individuals or organizations even though they may be acting pursuant to the laws of their own country, or as agents for their government or though a foreign government may have a substantial financial interest in the challenged organization and activities.

The practical difficulty of acquiring personal jurisdiction over some of the foreign individual or corporate participants in a cartel which affects our foreign or domestic commerce is often confused with the question of whether or not a violation of our antitrust laws is involved. This, however, is a technical problem depending upon an aggregation of facts rather than a question of substantive law involved in restraints upon commerce.

The following is a list of antitrust cartel cases instituted by the Department of Justice since 1937:

_Aircraft Accessories_: Bendix Aviation Corporation, et al.; complaint filed November 19, 1942; postponement of trial requested by War and Navy Departments.

_Alkali_: United States Alkali Export Assn., Inc., et al.; complaint filed March 16, 1944; argument had May 10, 1944 on motions to dismiss.

_Aluminum_: Aluminum Company of America, et al.; petition filed April 23, 1937; judgment denying Government relief filed July 23, 1942; on appeal.

_Chemicals_: Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., et al.; complaint filed January 6, 1944.

_Chemicals and Petroleum (Including Synthetic Rubber)_: Standard Oil Company (N. J.), et al.; complaint filed March 25, 1942; consent decree entered March 25, 1942; supplemental judgment filed April 7, 1943. Information filed and pleas of nolo contendere on March 25, 1942; fines levied totaled $50,000.

_Dyestuffs_: Allied Chemical & Dye Corp., et al.; indictment returned May 14, 1942; Attorney General acquiesced to postponement of trial until it will not interfere with defendant’s war production. General Dyestuff Corp., et al.; indictment returned December 19, 1941; pending on preliminary motions.

_Fertilizer_: American Potash & Chemical Corp., et al.; complaint filed May 15, 1940; consent decree entered May 21, 1940. Chilean Nitrate Sales Corp., et al.; indictment returned September 1, 1939; dismissed as to 18 defendants June 3, 1941 to August 28, 1942; pleas of nolo contendere by 6 defendants August 28, 1942; fines levied totalling $35,000. Allied Chemical & Dye Corp., et al.; complaint and consent decree entered May 29, 1941. Imperial Chemical Industries (N. Y.), Ltd., et al.; complaint and consent decree February 17 and 18, 1942. Mutual Chemical Company of America, et al.; indictment returned June 26, 1942; Attorney General acquiesced to requests by War and Navy Departments for postponement of trial. Synthetic Nitrogen Products Corp., et al.; complaint and consent decree, September 5, 1941.

_Fluorescent Lamps_: General Electric Company, et al.; complaint filed December 9, 1942; Attorney General acquiesced to postponement of trial requested by War and Navy Departments.

_Fuel Injection Equipment_: American Bosch Corp. and Donald P. Hess; complaint and consent decree, December 29, 1942.

_Glass Bulbs_: Corning Glass Works, et al.; indictment returned August 28, 1940; pleas of nolo contendere and fines totalling $47,000 September 9, 1941.

_Gyroscopic Instruments_: The Sperry Corporation, et al.; complaint and consent decree entered September 1, 1942.

_Hormones_: Ciba Pharmaceutical Products, Inc., et al.; information filed and pleas of nolo contendere, December 17, 1941; fines of $18,000. Roche-Organon, Inc., and Elmer H. Bobst; information filed and pleas of nolo contendere, December 17, 1941; fines of $6,000. Schering Corporation, et al.; information filed and pleas of nolo contendere, December 17, 1941; fines of $24,000; complaint and consent decree entered same day. Swiss Bank Corporation; complaint and consent decree, December 17, 1941. Julius Weltzien and Schering Corporation; information filed and pleas of nolo contendere, December 17, 1941; fines of $6,000.

_Incandescent Lamps_: General Electric Company, et al.; complaint filed January 27, 1941; Attorney General acquiesced to postponement of trial requested by War and Navy Departments.

_Magnesite Brick_: Harbison-Walker Refractories Company, et al.; indictment returned January 20, 1941; pleas of nolo contendere and fines of $76,500, July 22, 1941; pending as to Veitscher Magnesitwerke Aktiengesellschaft and Magnesit Co., Ltd., whose motion to vacate services of summons has been referred to a special master, also as to Magnesit Industrie Aktiengesellschaft.

_Magnesium_: Aluminum Company of America, et al.; complaint filed; consent decree entered April 15, 1942; indictment returned January 30, 1941; pleas of nolo contendere, April 15, 1942, and fines of $104,993. To be set for trial as to I. G. Farben and Dietrich Schmitz. American Magnesium Corporation, et al.; indictment returned January 30, 1941; pleas of nolo contendere and fines of $15,003, April 15, 1942; case to be set for trial as to I. G. Farben and Gustav Pistor. Dow Chemical Company, et al.; indictment returned January 30, 1941; pleas of nolo contendere and fines of $20,004, April 15, 1942; to be set for trial as to I. G. Farben.

_Matches_: Diamond Match Company, et al.; complaint filed May 1, 1944.

_Military Optical Instruments_: Bausch & Lomb Optical Company, et al.; indictment returned March 26, 1940; pleas of nolo contendere and fines of $41,000, May 27, 1940 and March 5, 1941; pending as to Carl Zeiss (a German firm). Complaint filed July 9, 1940, and consent decree entered same day as to all defendants except Carl Zeiss.

_Molybdenum_: Climax Molybdenum Company, et al.; complaint filed August 19, 1942 and consent decree entered August 21, 1942.

_News Reporting_: The Associated Press, et al.; complaint filed August 28, 1942; Decree for Government January 13, 1944; appeal of defendants docketed in Supreme Court, April 13, 1944.

_Newsprint Paper_: Crown Zellerbach Corporation, et al.; indictment returned July 12, 1939; 6 defendants pleaded nolo contendere and were fined $30,000, May 2, 1941; remaining defendants dismissed.

_Pharmaceutical Products_: Alba Pharmaceutical Company, Inc., et al.; information filed, pleas of nolo contendere, and fines of $26,000, September 5, 1941; complaint filed and consent decree entered same day. The Bayer Company, Inc., et al.; complaint filed and consent decree entered, September 5, 1941. Merck & Company, Inc., et al.; complaint filed October 28, 1943; Government moved to join the Alien Property Custodian as party plaintiff, May 8, 1944.

_Photographic Materials_: General Aniline & Film Corporation, et al.; indictment returned December 19, 1941; pending on preliminary motions. Dietrich A. Schmitz, et al.; indictment returned December 19, 1941; pending on preliminary motions.

_Plastics_: E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, et al.; indictment returned August 10, 1942; Attorney General acquiesced to postponement of trial requested by War and Navy Departments.

_Quebracho_: The Forestal Land, Timber and Railways, Ltd., et al.; complaint filed December 20, 1943; pending on preliminary motions. The Tannin Corporation, et al.; indictment returned November 24, 1942; pleas of nolo contendere and fines of $59,003, January 12, 1943 and April 19, 1943; dismissed as to the remaining defendants, August 24, 1943.

_Titanium Compounds_: National Lead Company, et al.; indictment returned June 28, 1943; case set for trial on October 3, 1944; complaint filed July 1, 1944.

_Tungsten Carbide_: General Electric Company, et al.; indictment returned August 30, 1940; superceding indictment returned October 21, 1941; Attorney General acquiesced to postponement of trial requested by War and Navy Departments.

APPENDIX II

_Bibliography_

Arnold, Thurman W., _The Bottlenecks of Business_, New York, 1940.

Ballande, Laurence, _Essai d’etude Monographique et Statistique sur les Ententes Economiques Internationales_, Paris, 1936.

Boehm, Franz, _Wettbewerb und Monopolkampf_, Berlin, 1933.

Borkin, Joseph and Welsh, Charles A., _Germany’s Master Plan_, New York, 1943.

Burns, Arthur R., _The Decline of Competition_, New York, 1936.

Clark, John B., _Control of Trusts_, New York, 1912.

Conte, Roger, _Report on International Industrial Ententes_, Paris, 1927. (International Chamber of Commerce Brochure No. 46).

Domeratzky, Louis, _The International Cartel Movement_, Washington, 1928. (U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Trade Information Bulletin No. 556).

Edwards, Corwin, _Economic and Political Aspects of International Cartels_, Washington, 1944.

Elliott, William Y., and May, Elizabeth S., and Rowe, I. W. F., and others, _International Control in the Nonferrous Metals_, New York, 1937.

Ely, Richard T., _Monopoly and Trusts_, New York, 1912.

Ertel, Erich, _Internationale Kartelle und Konzerne der Industrie_, Stuttgart, 1930.

Fetter, Frank A., _The Masquerade of Monopoly_, New York, 1931.

Friedlaender, Heinrich, _Die Rechtslage der Konzerne und Kartelle in Europa_, Zurich, 1938.

Greaves, H. R. G., _Raw Materials and International Control_, London, 1936.

Hamilton, Walton H., _The Pattern of Competition_, New York, 1940.

Hantos, Elemer, _Mitteleuropaeische Kartelle im Dienste des Industriellen Zusammenschlusses_, Berlin, 1931.

Hexner, Ervin, _The International Steel Cartel_, Chapel Hill, 1943.

Hodson, H. V., _Slump and Recovery_, 1929–37, London, New York, Toronto, 1938.

Holland, W. L., Editor, _Commodity Control in the Pacific Area_, Stanford, 1935.

International Labor Office, _Intergovernmental Commodity Control Agreements_, Montreal, 1943.

Jenks, Jeremiah W., _The Trust Problem_, New York, 1929.

Johnson, Eric, _America Unlimited_, New York, 1944.

Kyrpriotis, M., _Les Cartels Internationaux_, Paris, 1936.

Laidler, Harry W., _Concentration of Control in American Industry_, New York, 1931.

League of Nations Council, Report of the Committee for the Study of Raw Materials, _Official Journal_, December, 1937.

League of Nations, _Economic Aspects of Several International Industrial Agreements_, Geneva, 1930.

Levi, Edward H., “Cartels and the War” in _War and the Law_, edited by B. W. Puttkammer, Chicago, 1944.

Liefmann, Robert, _Cartels, Concerns and Trusts_, London, 1932.

MacGregor, David H., _Industrial Combinations_, London, 1938.

MacGregor, David H., _International Cartels_, Geneva, 1927.

Marquand, Hilary A., _Dynamics of Industrial Combinations_, New York, 1931.

Meyers, Ernest S., & Lewis, Seymour D., “The Patent ‘Franchise’ and the Antitrust Laws,” _Georgetown Law Journal_, December 1941 and January 1942.

Michels, Rudolf, _Cartels, Combines and Trusts in Postwar Germany_, London, 1928.

Notz, William F., _Representative International Cartels, Combines, and Trusts_, Washington, 1929. (U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Trade Promotion Series No. 81).

Oualid, William, _International Raw Materials Cartels_, Paris, 1938. (League of Nations, International Studies Conference.)

Piotrowski, Roman, _Cartels and Trusts_, London, 1933.

Plummer, Alfred, _International Combines in Modern Industry_, London, 1938.

Pribram, Karl, _Cartel Problems_, Washington, 1935.

Rappeport, Samuel, _Les Cartels en Pologne_, Nancy, 1935.

Razous, Paul, _Cartels, Trusts, et Divers Ententes de Producteurs_, Paris, 1935.

Reimann, Guenter, _Patents for Hitler_, New York, 1943.

Robbins, Lionel, _Economic Planning and International Order_, London, 1937.

Rowe, I. W. F., _Markets and Men_, New York, Cambridge, 1936.

Staley, Eugene, _Raw Materials in Peace and War_, New York, 1937.

Tschernoff, J., _Ententes Economiques et Financieres_, Paris, 1933.

United States Congress, _Hearings Before the Temporary National Economic Committee, 76th Congress, 3rd Session on Public Resolution No. 113, Investigation of Concentration of Economic Power_, Testimony of Theodore J. Kreps, Part 25, Washington, 1940.

United States Congress, _Hearings Before the Senate Committee on Patents, 77th Congress, 2nd Session on S-2303, Patents_. Washington, 1942.

Veblen, Thorstein, _Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution_, New York, 1942.

Voorhis, Jerry, _Beyond Victory_, New York, 1944.

Wallace, Benjamin Bruce and Edminster, Lynn Ramsey, _International Control of Raw Materials_, Washington, 1930.

Warriner, Dorun, _Combines and Rationalization in Germany_, London, 1931.

Watkins, Myron W., _Industrial Combinations and Public Policy_, Boston, 1927.

Wheeler, Leslie, “Agricultural Surpluses in the Postwar World,” _Foreign Affairs_, v. 20, 1941.

Wiedenfeld, Kurt, _Cartels and Combines_, Geneva, 1927. (League of Nations publication.)

_Index_

Abbe, Dr. Ernst, 144

Abbott Laboratories, 92, 95, 96, 110

Acetol Products, Inc., 87, 91, 93, 105, 110

Addison’s disease, 61, 73

Agriculture, Dept. of, 109

Aircraft accessories, 252

Airplanes, 157

Alba Pharmaceutical Co., 256

Alien Property Custodian, 34, 59, 64, 76, 81, 125, 140, 143, 178, 200, 219, 220, 256

Alig Agreement, 222

Alkasso (See United States Alkali Export Ass’n.), 193, 199–204, 252

Allied Chemical and Dye, 181, 253

Allies, 215, 240

Aluminum, 11, 33, 221, 222, 236, 253

Aluminum Co. of America, 221–225, 253, 255

Aluminum production, French, 6

American Bosch Corp., 254

American Magnesium Corp., 221–223, 255

American Medical Ass’n., 90, 106

American Potash and Chemical Corp., 200, 202, 253

American Tanners, Ltd., 122

American Telephone and Telegraph Co., 21

Animal Industries Bureau, 109

Antitrust Division of Dept. of Justice, 35, 83

Antitrust laws, 38, 48, 58, 77, 130, 154, 176, 198, 205, 250, 251

Argentina, 71, 113–115, 119, 165, 176, 183, 184

Armistice, 215

Army Air Corps, 22, 23, 25

Arthritis, 57, 91

Associated Press, 256

Asthma, 91

Atabrine, 229, 230

Atlantic Charter, 10, 209

Atlantis S. A. Panama, 69, 70, 71

Ayerst, McKenna and Co., 89

Badische Anilin und Sodafabrik A.G., 211

Barkey, J. A., 121

Barney, L. D., 85, 87, 97, 100, 104

Barrett Co., 241

Bartholomew, Sir Clarence, 185

Barton, L. E., 126

Basal Agency, 122

Bauer, K. A., 173

Bausch and Lomb G.m.b.H. Frankfort-on-the Main, 155

Bausch and Lomb Optical Co. (Rochester), 24, 142–175, 255

Bausch, Carl L., 155

Bausch, Dr. Edward, 154, 165, 166, 170, 171

Bayer, 205 (See Germanin), 55

Bayer Co., Inc., 256

Bayliss, 60

Belgian Congo, 1

Belgian Solvay (See Solvay et Cie), 202–204

Bell Laboratories, 21

Bell System, 22

Bendix Aviation Corp., 218, 252

Berst-Forster-Dixfield Co., 185–189, 191

Beryllium, 34, 47, 220

Beryllium Corp. of America, 220

Binoculars, 143, 166, 170–174

Blacklisting, 101

Blumenfeld, Joseph, 127, 129

Bobst, Elmer H., 254

Boehringer and Sons, C. F. (Mannheim), 61, 74–76

Bombsights, 144, 156

Borden Co., 89, 106

Bosch, Robert, A. G., 214

Brazil, 113, 114, 176, 183

British Cabinet, 5, 8

British Laporte Co., 133

British Match Corp., Ltd., 185

British Maxium, 223

British Purchasing Commission, 217

British Titan Products, Ltd., 133, 134

Brodbeck, James, 72

Bryant and May, Ltd., 185, 189, 190

Bulbs, glass, 254

Buna, 212

Buttle, N. A., 101

California Alkali Export Ass’n., 193, 199–204

Canada, 16, 79, 132, 176–178, 181, 186, 187, 190, 203, 217, 218, 225

Canadian Industries Ltd., 134, 181, 184, 225

Canadian Titanium Pigments, Ltd., 134

Carnation Co., 106

Carpenter, Walter Samuel, Jr., 179

Casado extract, 118

Chamberlain, Joseph, 5

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Enterprises, Ltd., 64, 68–70

Chemical Marketing Co., 215

Chemical pharmaceutical industry, 54

Chemicals, 253

Chepha, 64, 68–70

Chilean Nitrate Sales Corp., 253

Chimio (See Les Laboratoires Francais de Chimiotherapie), 61, 76

Chlorate of potash, 186, 190

Cholesterol, 89, 110

Church and Dwight, Inc., 200, 202

Ciba (Basle) (See Society of Chemical Industry (Basle)), 61, 72–81

Ciba Pharmaceutical Products, Inc., 72, 254

Climax Molybdenum Co., 255

Cocomalt, 89

Cod Liver Oil with Viosterol, 97, 100

Commander Larrabee Co., 89

Commerce and Industry Ass’n., of N. Y., 193

Commercial Pigments Corp., 130

Compania Sud-Americana de Explosivos, 182

Congress, 16, 36, 37, 192, 193, 197, 198, 217, 232, 243, 244, 250

Corning Glass Works, 254

Cortate, 73

Cotan, S. A., 120, 122

Crown Zellerbach Corp., 256

Czechoslovakia, 14, 129, 162

Davis, Charles Krum, 179

Davis and Co., R. B., 89

Delta Pharmaceutical Corp., 69–71

D.E.N., 241

Deutsche Gold-und-Silber Scheideanstalt, 215

Diabetes, 52, 53, 57

Diamond Alkali Co., Inc., 200, 202

Diamond Match Co., 185–191, 255

Dodds, E. C., 80

Doitsu Senryo Gomei Kaisha, 135

Dow Chemical Co., Inc., 200, 202, 221–225, 255

Drisdol, 103

Duisberg, Carl, 232

du Pont de Nemours and Co., E. I., 24, 124, 125, 130–134, 140, 141, 179–185, 218, 225–227, 241, 244, 245, 256

du Pont, Lammot, 179, 183, 226

Dusseldorf, peace of, 14, 16

Dyestuffs, 6, 30, 43, 184, 214, 215, 253

Dynamit Aktiengesellschaft, 182

Economy, American, 36–39, 51

Eddy Match Co., Ltd., 185, 190

Edison, Thomas, 44, 46

Egeler, Mr., 28

Ehrlich’s “Magic Bullet” (See Salvarsan), 47

Eisenhart, M. H., 165

Elley, H. W., 88, 92

Ely, Carl B., 116, 117

Engi, Dr. Joseph, 78

Ephedrine, 92

Ergosterol, 89–93, 103, 104, 111

Ergosterol, Irradiated, 98

Espionage, Nazi, 12

Ethyl Gasoline Corp., 24, 25, 26, 27

Explosives Industries, Ltd., 182

Fairburn, William A., 185–189

Falkland Islands, 240

Fauth Instrument Co., 144

Federal Trade Commission, 194, 195, 201

Federation of British Industries, 13, 235

Fertilizer, 253

Fleischmann Co., 87, 90, 93, 103, 105

Fluorescent lighting, 44, 254

Foreign Agents’ Registration Act, 209

Forestal Land, Timber and Railways, Ltd., 114, 116, 118, 121, 122, 256

Forinvent, 68, 70

Fortune Magazine, 168

Freedmen’s Hospital, 93

Fritzsching, E. T., 74, 75

General Aniline and Film Corp., 256

General Aniline Works, 31, 216

General Baking Co., 104, 105

General Dyestuff Corp., 253

General Electric Co., 42–45, 237, 254, 257

General Mills, 93, 104

General Motors Corp., 26, 180, 232

Geophysical Laboratory, 145

George, Lloyd, 5, 6

Germanin (See Bayer 205), 55

Germany, 5, 14, 15, 22–27, 33, 62, 64, 129, 135, 138, 142–147, 151, 161, 166, 175, 176, 182, 210–215, 219–221, 224, 227, 228, 231, 232, 235, 240, 246, 247

Glass container industry, 41, 42

Glucose-D, 89

Goodlass Wall Lead Industries, Ltd., 133

Good Neighbor policy, 10, 12, 209, 214, 230

Goodrich, 212

Goodyear, 212

Gordon Corp., William, 185, 187, 191

Graham crackers, 89

Great Britain, 14–17, 80, 132, 166, 216, 217, 224, 235, 237, 240

Grecian Navy Dept., 149

Hague, The, 150

Haight, George I., 84, 85

Hammond and Carpenter Corp., 120

Harbison-Walker Refractories Co., 255

Hayfever, 91

Hess, Donald P., 254

Hitler, Adolf, 142, 143, 146, 150, 154–159, 162

Hoffman-La Roche, Inc., 73, 74

Holland, 27

Holman, Howard F., 185

Hooker Electrochemical Co., Inc., 200, 202

Hormones, 58, 59, 60, 61, 67, 69, 72, 74, 76, 254

Horton, Ralph, 103

House Judiciary Committee, 196, 198

Howard, Frank, 210

Howes Bros., 117

Hydrogenation, 22

Hydrogenation plants, 23

I. G. Farbenindustrie, 24, 25–27, 54, 84, 88, 124, 125, 129–132, 135, 137, 141, 180, 181, 184, 186, 190, 201–204, 211–213, 216–225, 228, 229, 232, 241, 255

Illinois, University of, 91

Imperial Chemical Industries, 125, 132, 133, 179–185, 199, 203, 204, 225–227, 241, 245, 253

Imperial Chemical Industries (N. Y.), Ltd., 200, 201, 204

Imperial Smelting, 133

Indiana Condensed Milk Co., 106

Industrias Chimicas Brazeileiras “Duperial,” S.A., 183

Industrias Quimicas Argentinas “Duperial,” S.A., 183

Instruments, gyroscopic, 254

Instruments, military optical, 255

Insulin, 52, 53, 60, 66

Interflash Signal Corp., 148

International Match, 189

International Products Corp., 114, 117, 119–122

International Standard Electric Corp., 167

Jackson Laboratory (du Pont’s), 31

Japan, 118, 129, 132–136, 186, 190

Japanese Titanium Co., 135

Jebsen, Gustav, 127, 128, 129, 133, 136, 137, 139

Jewett, Dr. F. B., 21

Justice, Dept. of, 3, 35, 39, 46, 58, 112, 176, 179, 185, 193, 195, 199, 204, 220, 225, 252

Kaiserism, 3, 5

Kamp, H., 72, 73, 76, 80

Keim, R. D., 97

Keuffel and Esser, 160, 168

Kewley, Joseph E., 254

Kies, W. S., 103

Kilgore, Senator Harley, 247

King, Kenneth T., 103

Kokusan Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha, 135

Kovaks, S. S., 89

Krebs Pigment and Color Corp., 130

Kreuger, Ivar, 187, 188, 189, 190

Krupp Works (Germany), 42

La Chaquena, S. A., 120

La Forestal Argentina, S.A., 114, 117, 118

Lamps, electric, 43, 236

Lamps, flashlight, 28

Lamps, incandescent, 254

La Prensa, 119

Larson, W. N., 100

Lasdon, W. S., 75

Latin America, 12, 13, 68–71, 176, 214

Les Laboratories Francais de Chimiotherapie (See Chimio (France)), 61, 76

Lever Bros., 105

Light metals, 33

Lignite, 211

Lind, Paul Bertil, 185

Lion Match Co., Inc., 185, 187, 189

Literary Digest, 166

Lithopone, 126, 140, 141

Lomb, August, 155–161, 170

Lomb, Carl, 154, 165

London, University of, 86

Loose-Wiles Biscuit Co., 89

Magnesit Co., Ltd., 255

Magnesite Brick, 255

Magnesit Industrie Aktiengesellschaft, 255

Magnesium, 11, 34, 214, 220–224, 236, 237, 255

Magnesium Development Co., 222

Malaria, 57, 229

Matches, 186, 255

Mathieson Alkali Works, Inc., 200, 202

McGowan, Harry Duncan, 179, 181, 183, 226

Meade-Johnson and Co., 94, 95, 96, 99–101

Medical Research Council, 80

Meinhardt, 231

Merck and Co., Inc. (N. J.), 76, 176–178, 256

Merck, E. (Darmstadt, Germany), 76, 176, 177, 178

Merck, George W., 177

Mercurials, 178

Merrell Co., W. S., 98, 111

Metal and Thermit Co. of N. Y., 220

Metals, Alkali, 184

Methyl Methacrylate, 28, 29

Milas process, 88

Milk of Magnesia, 66

Mines, U. S. Bureau of, 221

Molybdenum, 255

Mond, Henry, 179

Monroe Doctrine, 214

Moore-McCormack Steamship Co., 121

Munich, peace of, 14

Mutual Chemical Co., of America, 254

Narcotics, 55, 178

Nathan and Co., Joseph (Great Britain), 84, 88

National Lead Co., 124–137, 140, 257

National Titanium Pigments Co., Ltd., 133

Navy, U. S., 143, 147, 148, 158, 163, 164, 166, 170–174