Part 11

=This´be.= A beautiful girl of Babylon, beloved by Pyramus.

=Thrasybu´lus.= A famous general of Athens, who, with the help of a few associates, expelled the Thirty Tyrants, B.C. 401. He was sent with a powerful fleet to recover the Athenian power on the coast of Asia, and after gaining many advantages, was killed by the people of Aspendos.

=Thucid´ydes.= A celebrated Greek historian born at Athens. He wrote a history of the events connected with the Peloponnesian war. He died at Athens in his eightieth year, B.C. 391.

=Tibe´rius, Clau´dius Ne´ro.= A Roman emperor descended from the Claudii. In his early years he entertained the people with magnificent shows and gladiatorial exhibitions, which made him popular. At a later period of his life he retired to the island of Capreæ, where he indulged in vice and debauchery. He died aged seventy-eight, after a reign of twenty-two years.

=Tibul´lus, Au´lus Al´bius.= A Roman knight celebrated for his poetical compositions. His favorite occupation was writing love poems. Four books of elegies are all that remain of his compositions.

=Timo´leon.= A celebrated Corinthian, son of Timodemus and Demariste. When the Syracusans, oppressed with the tyranny of Dionysius the Younger, solicited aid from the Corinthians, Timoleon sailed for Syracuse with a small fleet. He was successful in the expedition, and Dionysius gave himself up as a prisoner. Timoleon died at Syracuse, amidst universal regret.

=Ti´mons.= A native of Athens, called the Misanthrope from his aversion to mankind. He is the hero of Shakspeare's play of "Timon of Athens" in which his churlish character is powerfully delineated.

=Timo´theus.= A famous musician in the time of Alexander the Great. Dryden names him in his well-known ode, "Alexander's Feast."

=Tire´sias.= A celebrated prophet of Thebes. Juno deprived him of sight, and, to recompense him for the loss, Jupiter bestowed on him the gift of prophecy.

=Tisiph´one.= One of the Furies, daughter of Nox and Acheron.

=Tita´nes.= The Titans. A name given to the gigantic sons of Coelus and Terra. The most conspicuous of them are Saturn, Hyperion, Oceanus, Iapetus, Cottus, and Briareus.

=Ti´tus Vespasia´nus.= Son of Vespasian and Flavia Domitilla, known by his valor, particularly at the siege of Jerusalem. He had been distinguished for profligacy, but on assuming the purple, he became a model of virtue. His death, which occasioned great lamentations, occurred A.D. 81, in the forty-first year of his age.

=Traja´nus, M. Ul´pius Crini´tus.= A Roman emperor born at Ithaca. His services to the empire recommended him to the notice of the emperor Nerva, who adopted him as his son, and invested him with the purple. The actions of Trajan were those of a benevolent prince. He died in Cilicia, in August A.D. 117, in his sixty-fourth year, and his ashes were taken to Rome and deposited under a stately column which he had erected.

=Tribu´ni Ple´bi.= Magistrates at Rome created in the year, U.C. 261. The office of Tribune to the people was one of the first steps which led to more honorable employments.

=Triptol´emus.= Son of Oceanus and Terra, or, according to some authorities, son of Celeus, king of Attica, and Neæra. He was in his youth cured of a severe illness by Ceres, with whom he became a great favorite. She taught him agriculture, and gave him her chariot drawn by dragons, in which he traveled over the earth, distributing corn to the inhabitants.

=Tri´ton.= A sea deity, son of Neptune and Amphitrite. He was very powerful, and could calm the sea and abate storms at his pleasure.

=Trium´viri.= Three magistrates appointed to govern the Roman state with absolute power.

=Tul´lus Hostil´ius= succeeded Numa as king of Rome. He was of a warlike disposition, and distinguished himself by his expedition against the people of Alba, whom he conquered.

=Typhoe´us=, or =Ty´phon=. A famous giant, son of Tartarus and Terra, who had a hundred heads. He made war against the gods, and was put to flight by the thunderbolts of Jupiter, who crushed him under Mount Ætna.

=Tyrtæ´us.= A Greek elegiac poet born in Attica. Of his compositions none are extant except a few fragments.

=Ulys´ses.= The famous king of Ithaca, son of Anticlea and Laertes (or, according to some, of Sisyphus). He married Penelope, daughter of Icarius, on which his father resigned to him the crown. He went to the Trojan war, where he was esteemed for his sagacity. On the conclusion of the war he embarked for Greece, but was exposed to numerous misfortunes on his journey. In his wanderings, he, with some of his companions, was seized by the Cyclops, Polyphemus, from whom he made his escape. Afterwards he was thrown on the island of Æea, where he was exposed to the wiles of the enchantress Circe. Eventually he was restored to his own country, after an absence of twenty years. The adventures of Ulysses on his return from the Trojan war form the subject of Homer's Odyssey.

=Ura´nia.= One of the Muses, daughter of Jupiter and Mnemosyne. She presided over astronomy.

=Valentinia´nus= the First. Son of Gratian, raised to the throne by his merit and valor. He obtained victories over the Barbarians in Gaul and in Africa, and punished the Quadi with severity. He broke a blood-vessel and died, A.D. 375. Immediately after his death, his son, Valentinian the Second, was proclaimed emperor. He was robbed of his throne by Maximus, but regained it by the aid of Theodosius, emperor of the East. He was strangled by one of his officers. He was remarkable for benevolence and clemency. The third Valentinian was made emperor in his youth, and on coming to maturer age he disgraced himself by violence and oppression. He was murdered A.D. 454.

=Valeria´nus, Pub´lius Licin´ius.= A celebrated Roman emperor, who, on ascending the throne, lost the virtues he had previously possessed. He made his son Gallienus his colleague in the empire. He made war against the Goths and Scythians. He was defeated in battle and made prisoner by Tapor, king of Persia, who put him to death by torture.

=Var´ro.= A Latin author, celebrated for his great learning. He wrote no less than five hundred volumes, but all his works are lost except a treatise De Re Rusticâ, and another De Linguâ Latinâ He died B.C. 28, in his eighty-eighth year.

=Ve´nus.= One of the most celebrated deities of the ancients; the goddess of beauty, and mother of love. She sprang from the foam of the sea, and was carried to heaven, where all the gods admired her beauty. Jupiter gave her in marriage to Vulcan, but she intrigued with some of the gods, and, notably, with Mars, their offspring being Hermione, Cupid, and Anteros. She became enamored of Adonis, which caused her to abandon Olympus. Her contest for the golden apple, which she gained against her opponents Juno and Minerva, is a prominent episode in mythology. She had numerous names applied to her, conspicuous amongst which may be named Anadyomene, under which cognomen she is distinguished by the picture, representing her as rising from the ocean, by Apelles. She was known under the Grecian name of Aphrodite.

=Vespasia´nus Ti´tus Fla´vius.= A Roman emperor of obscure descent. He began the siege of Jerusalem, which was continued by his son Titus. He died A.D. 79, in his seventieth year.

=Ves´ta.= A goddess, daughter of Rhea and Saturn. The Palladium, a celebrated statue of Pallas, was supposed to be preserved within her sanctuary, where a fire was kept continually burning.

=Vesta´les.= The Vestals, priestesses consecrated to the service of Vesta. They were required to be of good families and free from blemish and deformity. One of their chief duties was to see that the sacred fire of Vesta was not extinguished.

=Virgil´ius, Pub´lius Ma´ro=, called the prince of the Latin poets, was born at Andes, near Mantua, about seventy years before Christ. He went to Rome, where he formed an acquaintance with Mæcenas, and recommended himself to Augustus. His Bucolics were written in about three years, and subsequently he commenced the Georgics, which is considered one of the most perfect of all Latin compositions. The Æneid is supposed to have been undertaken at the request of Augustus. Virgil died in his fifty-first year B.C. 19.

=Virgin´ia.= Daughter of the centurion L. Virginius. She was slain by her father to save her from the violence of the decemvir, Appius Claudius.

=Virgin´ius.= A valiant Roman, father of Virginia. (See Virginia.) The story of Virginius and his ill-fated daughter is the subject of the well-known tragedy of "Virginius," one of the early productions of J. Sheridan Knowles. It is rarely performed in the present day.

=Vulca´nus.= The god who presided over fire, and who was the patron of those who worked in iron. According to Homer, he was the son of Jupiter and Juno, and was so deformed, that at his birth his mother threw him into the sea, where he remained nine years; but other writers differ from this opinion. He married Venus at the instigation of Jupiter. He is known by the name of Mulciber. The Cyclopes were his attendants, and with them he forged the thunderbolts of Jupiter.

=Xanthip´pe= or =Xantip´pe=. The wife of Socrates, remarkable for her ill-humor and fretful disposition. She was a constant torment to her husband, and on one occasion, after bitterly reviling him, she emptied a vessel of dirty water on him, on which the philosopher coolly remarked, "After thunder rain generally falls."

=Xenoc´rates.= An ancient philosopher born at Calcedonia, and educated in the school of Plato, whose friendship he gained. Died B.C. 314.

=Xen´ophon.= A celebrated Athenian, son of Gryllus, famous as a general, philosopher, and historian. He joined Cyrus the Younger in an expedition against Artaxerxes, king of Persia, and after the decisive battle of Cunaxa, in which Cyrus was defeated and killed, the skill and bravery of Xenophon became conspicuous. He had to direct an army of ten thousand Greeks, who were now more than six hundred leagues from home, and in a country surrounded by an active enemy. He rose superior to all difficulties till the celebrated "Retreat of the Ten Thousand" was effected; the Greeks returning home after a march of two hundred and fifteen days. Xenophon employed his pen in describing the expedition of Cyrus, in his work the "Anabasis." He also wrote the "Cyropædia," "Memorabilia," "Hellenica," etc. He died at Corinth in his ninetieth year, about 360 years before the Christian era.

=Xer´xes= succeeded his father Darius on the throne of Persia. He entered Greece with an immense army, which was checked at Thermopylæ by the valor of three hundred Spartans under king Leonidas, who, for three successive days, successfully opposed the enormous forces of Xerxes, and were at last slaughtered. From this period the fortunes of Xerxes waned. His fleet being defeated at Salamis, and mortified with ill-success, he hastened to Persia, where he gave himself up to debauchery, and was murdered in the twenty-first year of his reign, about 464 years before the Christian era.

=Za´ma.= A town of Numidia, celebrated as the scene of the victory of Scipio over Hannibal, B.C. 202.

=Ze´no=, a celebrated philosopher, the founder of the sect of Stoics, was born at Citium in Cyprus. He opened a school in Athens, and soon became noticed by the great and learned. His life was devoted to sobriety and moderation. He died at the age of ninety-eight, B.C. 264.

=Ze´no.= A philosopher of Elea or Velia, in Italy. He was the disciple, or, according to some, the adopted son of Parmenides. Being tortured to cause him to reveal his confederates in a plot he had engaged in, he bit off his tongue that he might not betray his friends.

=Zeno´bia.= A celebrated princess of Palmyra, the wife of Odenatus. After her husband's death, the Roman emperor Aurelian declared war against her. She took the field with seven hundred thousand men, and though at first successful, she was eventually conquered. Aurelian, when she became his prisoner, treated her with great humanity and consideration. She was admired for her literary talents as well as her military abilities.

=Zeux´is.= A celebrated painter born at Heraclea. He flourished 468 years before the Christian era. He painted some grapes so naturally that the birds came to peck them on the canvas; but he was disgusted with the picture, because the man painted as carrying the grapes was not natural enough to frighten the birds.

=Zo´ilus.= A sophist and grammarian of Amphipolis, B.C. 259. He became known by his severe criticisms on the works of Isocrates and Homer.

=Zoroas´ter.= A king of Bactria, supposed to have lived in the age of Ninus, king of Assyria, some time before the Trojan war. He rendered himself known by his deep researches in philosophy. He admitted no visible object of devotion except fire, which he considered the proper emblem of a Supreme Being. He was respected by his subjects and contemporaries for his abilities as a monarch, a lawgiver, and a philosopher, and though many of his doctrines may be deemed puerile, he had many disciples. The religion of the Parsees of the present day was founded by Zoroaster.

=Zos´imus.= A Greek historian who lived about the year 410 of the Christian era. He wrote a history of some of the Roman emperors, which is characterized by graceful diction, but he indulges in malevolent and vituperative attacks on the Christians in his History of Constantine.

A LIST

OF

COMMON ABBREVIATIONS

OF WORDS USED IN

WRITING AND PRINTING.

=A 1=, first class.

=a= or =aa= (Gr. _ana_), in _med._, of each the same quantity.

=A.B.=, Bachelor of Arts.

=A.D.= (L. _anno Domini_), in the year of our Lord.

=ad lib.=, or =ad libit.= (L. _ad libitum_), at pleasure.

=Æ.=, =Æt.= (L. _ætatis_), of age; aged.

=A.M.= (L. _artium magister_), Master of Arts.

=A.M.= (L. _ante meridiem_), before noon.

=A.M.= (L. _anno mundi_), in the year of the world.

=anon.=, anonymous.

=A.R.A.=, Associate of the Royal Academy.

=A.R.S.A.=, Associate of the Royal Scottish Academy.

=A.R.S.S.= (L. _antiquariorum regiæ societatis socius_), Fellow of the Royal Society of Antiquaries.

=AS.=, Anglo-Saxon.

=A.U.C.= (L. _anno urbis conditæ_, or _anno ab urbe conditâ_), in the year of, or from the building of the city, viz., Rome.

=B.A.=, Bachelor of Arts.

=Bart.= or =Bt.=, Baronet.

=B.C.=, before Christ.

=B.C.L.=, Bachelor of Civil Law.

=B.D.=, Bachelor of Divinity.

=B.LL.=, also =LL.B.=, Bachelor of Laws.

=B.Sc.=, Bachelor of Science.

=B.S.L.=, Botanical Society of London.

=C.= (L. _centum_), a hundred.

=Cantab.= (L. _Cantabrigiensis_), of Cambridge.

=Cantuar.=, Canterbury.

=cap.= (L. _caput_, the head), chapter; =cap.=, capital; =cap.=, a capital letter; =caps.=, capital letters.

=C.B.=, Companion of the Bath.

=C.E.=, Civil Engineer.

=cent.= (L. _centum_), a hundred.

=cf.= (L. _confer_), compare.

=chap.=, chapter.

=con.= (L. _contra_), against; in opposition.

=cos.=, cosine.

=cres.=, crescendo.

=crim. con.=, criminal conversation; adultery.

=ct.=, cent; also (L. _centum_), a hundred.

=curt.=, current--that is, in this period of time, as month, year, or century.

=cwt.= (_c._ for L. _centum_, a hundred; _wt._ for Eng. weight), a hundred-weight.

=D.C.= (It. _da capo_), in _music_, again; from the beginning.

=D.C.L.=, Doctor of Civil or Canon Law.

=D.D.= (L. _divinitatis doctor_), Doctor of Divinity.

=D.G.= (L. _Dei gratiâ_), by the grace of God; (L. _Deo gratias_), thanks to God.

=do.= or =Do.=, the same.

=doz.=, dozen.

=Dr.=, doctor; debtor.

=D.S.= (It. _dal segno_), from the sign.

=D.Sc.=, Doctor of Science.

=Dunelm.=, Durham.

=D.V.= (L. _Deo volente_), God willing.

=dwt.= (L. _denarius_, a silver coin, a penny; and first and last letters of Eng. _weight_), pennyweight.

=Ebor.= (L. _Ebor[)a]cum_), York.

=E.C.=, Established Church.

=Ed.=, editor.

=E.E.=, errors excepted.

=e.g.=, (L. _exempli gratiâ_, for the sake of example), for example; for instance.

=E.I.=, East Indies; East India.

=E.I.C.=, East India Company; =E.I.C.S.=, East India Company's Service.

=E. long.=, east longitude.

=E.N.E.=, east-north-east.

=E.S.E.=, east-south-east.

=Esq.= or =Esqr.=, Esquire.

=etc.= (L. _et cætera_), &c.; and others; and so forth.

=et seq.= (L. _et sequentia_), and the following.

=ex.=, example; exception; =ex=, "out of," as, a cargo _ex_ Maria.

=exch.=, exchequer; exchange.

=Exon.= (L. _Exonia_), Exeter.

=f.=, feminine; farthing or farthings; foot or feet.

=Fahr.=, Fahrenheit.

=far.=, farriery; farthing.

=F.A.S.=, Fellow of the Society of Arts.

=F.A.S.E.=, Fellow of the Antiquarian Society, Edinburgh.

=F.B.S.E.=, Fellow of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh.

=F.C.=, Free Church.

=fcp.=, foolscap.

=F.D.= (L. _fidei defensor_), Defender of the Faith.

=F.E.I.S.=, Fellow of the Educational Institute of Scotland.

=F.E.S.=, Fellow of the Entomological Society; Fellow of the Ethnological Society.

=F.G.S.=, Fellow of the Geological Society.

=F.H.S.=, Fellow of the Horticultural Society.

=Fl.=, Flemish; Florida; florin.

=F.L.S.=, Fellow of the Linnæan Society.

=F.M.=, field-marshal.

=fo.=, =fol.=, folio.

=F.P.=, fire-plug.

=F.P.S.=, Fellow of the Philological Society.

=Fr.=, France; French.

=F.R.A.S.=, Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society.

=F.R.C.P.=, Fellow of the Royal College of Preceptors, or of Physicians.

=F.R.C.P.E.=, Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh.

=F.R.C.S.=, Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons.

=F.R.C.S.E.=, Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh.

=F.R.C.S.I.=, Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland.

=F.R.C.S.L.=, Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, London.

=F.R.G.S.=, Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.

=F.R.S.=, Fellow of the Royal Society.

=F.R.S.E.=, Fellow of the Royal Society, Edinburgh.

=F.R.S.L.=, Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.

=F.S.A.=, Fellow of the Society of Arts, or of Antiquaries: =F.S.A., Scot.=, an F.S.A. of Scotland.

=ft.=, foot or feet.

=F.T.C.D.=, Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin.

=F.Z.A.=, Fellow of the Zoological Academy.

=G.A.=, General Assembly.

=G.C.B.=, Knight Grand Cross of the Bath.

=G.P.O.=, General Post-office.

=gtt.= (L. _gutta_ or _guttæ_), a drop or drops.

=H.B.C.=, Hudson Bay Company.

=H.E.I.C.=, Honorable East India Company.

=H.G.=, Horse Guards.

=hhd.=, hogshead; hogsheads.

=H.I.H.=, His (or Her) Imperial Highness.

=H.M.S.=, Her (or His) Majesty's steamer, ship, or service.

=H.R.H.=, His (or Her) Royal Highness.

=H.S.S.= (L. _historiæ societatis socius_), Fellow of the Historical Society.

=ib.=, =ibid.= (L. _ibidem_), in the same place.

=id.= (L. _idem_), the same.

=i. e.= (L. _id est_), that is.

=I.H.S.= (L. _Iesus Hominum Salvator_), Jesus the Saviour of Men.

=incog.= (L. _incognito_), unknown.

=in lim.= (L. _in limine_), at the outset.

=in loc.= (L. _in loco_), in its place.

=inst.=, instant--that is, the present month.

=in trans.= (L. _in transitu_), on the passage.

=I.O.U.=, three letters being identical in sound with the three words "I owe you,"--written as a simple acknowledgment for money lent, followed by sum and signature.

=Ir.=, Ireland; Irish.

=i.q.= (L. _idem quod_), the same as.

=J.P.=, Justice of the Peace.

=K.C.B.=, Knight Commander of the Bath (Great Britain).

=K.G.=, Knight of the Garter (Great Britain).

=K.G.C.=, Knight of the Grand Cross (Great Britain).

=K.G.C.B.=, Knight of the Grand Cross of the Bath (Great Britain).

=Knt.=, knight.

=K.P.=, Knight of St. Patrick (Ireland).

=Kt.= or =Knt.=, knight.

=K.T.=, Knight of the Thistle (Scotland).

=K.S.E.=, Knight of the Star of the East.

=L.= or =lb.= (L. _libra_), a pound in weight.

=lat.=, latitude, N. or S.

=lb.=--see =L.=

=leg.= (It. _legato_), smoothly.

=L.G.=, Life Guards.

=lib.= (L. _liber_), a book.

=Linn.=, Linnæus; Linnæan.

=LL.B.=, (L. _legum_, of laws, and _baccalaureus_, bachelor), Bachelor of Laws, an academic title.

=LL.D.=, (L. _legum_, of laws, and _doctor_, doctor), Doctor of Laws, an academic title, higher than LL.B.

=long.=, longitude, E. or W.

=L.S.D.=, or =£ s. d.= (said to be from L. _libra_, a balance, a pound in weight; _solidus_, a coin of the value of 25 denarii, subsequently only a half of that value; and _denarius_, a silver coin worth about 8-1/2d. Eng.), pounds, shillings, pence--that is, in any written statement of money, L. is put over pounds, S. over shillings, and D. over pence; in _printing_, £ for L. is put before the sum, as £15, s. and d. in single letter, after, as 4s. 6d.

=M.= (L. _mille_), a thousand.

=M.A.= (L. _magister artium_), Master of Arts, an academic title.

=M.C.S.=, Madras Civil Service.

=M.D.=, (L. _medicinæ_, of medicine, _doctor_, doctor), Doctor of Medicine.

=M.E.=, Mining Engineer.

=Mdlle.= (F. _Mademoiselle_), Miss.

=Mme.= (F. _Madame_), Madam.

=Mons.= (F. _Monsieur_), Mr.; Sir.

=M.P.=, Member of Parliament.

=M.P.S.=, Member of the Philological Society; Member of the Pharmaceutical Society.

=M.R.A.S.=, Member of the Royal Asiatic Society; Member of the Royal Academy of Science.

=M.R.C.P.=, Member of the Royal College of Preceptors, or of Physicians.

=M.R.C.S.=, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons.

=M.R.G.S.=, Member of the Royal Geographical Society.

=MS.=, manuscript; =MSS.=, manuscripts.

=Mus. B.=, Bachelor of Music; =Mus. D.=, Doctor of Music.

=N.B.=, North British; North Britain, that is Scotland; New Brunswick; (L. _nota_, note, _bene_, well), note well, or take notice.

=N.E.=, north-east; New England.

=N.N.E.=, north-north-east.

=N.N.W.=, north-north-west.

=non obst.= (L. _non_, not, _obstante_, standing over against, withstanding), notwithstanding.

=non pros.= (L. _non_, not, _prosequitur_, he follows after, he prosecutes), he does not prosecute--applied to a judgment entered against a plaintiff who does not appear.

=non seq.= (L. _non_, not, _sequitur_, it follows), it does not follow.

=N.P.=, notary public.

=N.S.=, new style; Nova Scotia.

=N.T.=, New Testament.

=N.W.=, north-west.

=ob.= (L. _obiit_), he died.

=obs.=, obsolete.

=O.S.=, old style.

=Oxon.= (L. _Oxonia_), Oxford.

=oz.=, ounce.

=p.=, page; =pp.=, pages.

=P.C.=, Privy Council or Councillor.

=P.D.= or =Ph.D.=, Doctor of Philosophy.

=per an.= (L. _per annum_), by the year.

=per cent.= (L. _per_, by; _centum_, a hundred,) by the hundred.

=pinx., pxt.= (L. _pinxit_), he or she painted it.

=P.M.=, postmaster; (L. _post meridiem_), afternoon.

=P.M.G.=, postmaster-general.

=P.O.=, post-office; =P.O.O.=, Post-Office Order.

=pp.=, pages.

=P.P.=, parish-priest.

=P.P.C.=, (F. _pour prendre congé_, to take leave), put on calling cards to intimate leave-taking.

=pr.= (L. _per_, by), by the.

=pres.=, also =preses=, _pr[)e]s´-[)e]s_; president.

=prof.=, professor.

=pro tem.= (L. _pro tempore_), for the time being.

=prox.= (L. _proximo_), next; of the next month.

=P.S.=, (L. _post scriptum_), postscript.

=p.t.=, post-town.

=pxt.= (L. _pinxit_), he or she painted it.

=Q.= or =Qu.=, question; query.

=Q.C.=, Queen's Counsel; Queen's College.

=q.e.= (L. _quod est_), which is.

=Q E.D.= (L. _quod erat demonstrandum_), which was to be demonstrated.

=Q.E.F.= (L. _quod erat faciendum_), which was to be done.

=Q.E.I.= (L. _quod erat inveniendum_), which was to be found out.

=q.l.= (L. _quantum libet_), as much as you please.

=Q.M.G.=, quartermaster-general.

=qr.=, quarter; quire: =qrs=., quarters.

=qt.=, quart: =qts.=, quarts.

=q.v.= (L. _quod vide_), which see.

=R.=, L. _rex_, king; _regina_, queen.

=R.=, L. _recipe_, take.

=R.A.=, Royal Academy, or Academician; Royal Artillery; Rear-Admiral; Right Ascension.

=R.C.=, Roman Catholic.

=Ref. Ch.=, Reformed Church.

=Reg. Prof.=, Regius Professor.

=R.I.P.= (L.), requiescat in pace.

=R.Rev.=, right reverend.

=R.S.A.=, Royal Society of Antiquaries; Royal Scottish Academy.