Chapter 30

Abbott, Sir J. J. C., 415 Abenakis, 114; allies of French, 212 Abercromby, General, defeated by Montcalm, 245 Acadia, meaning; of, 5; its modern divisions, 5; occupied by De Monts, 50-54; history of, as French possession, 92-109, 203, 206-208; ceded to England; 208; French inhabitants of, 218; their unhappy fate, 231-236 Acadians, expulsion of, 231-236 Aix-la-Chapelle, Treaty of, 219 _À la clair fontaine_, French Canadian ballad, 452 Alaska, discovery of gold in, 430 Alaskan boundary award, 430, 461 _Alcide_ and _Lys_, French frigates, captured by English, 229 Alexander, Sir W. (Lord Stirling), receives rights in Acadia, and names Nova Scotia, 89 Alfonce, Captain Jehan, French pilot, 47 Algonquin Indians, 114; tribal divisions of, 114, 115; customs of, 123-128; illustration of, 111 Alverstone, Lord, Chief Justice of England, 430 American Canadian Waterways Commission, 478 American Revolution, War of, attitude of French Canadians during, 282; Canada invaded, 283, 284; Montreal taken, 283; Quebec besieged, 285-287; death of Montgomery, 285; American troops retire from Canada, 286, 287; defeat of Cornwallis, 288; peace, _ib._ Amherst, General, 242, 245 Amundsen, Roald, 465 Andastes, 82, 83 Anglo-Japanese Treaty, 480 Annapolis (Port Royal), valley of, 51, 52; old capital of Nova Scotia, 206. _See_ Port Royal _Anse-an-Foulon_ (Wolfe's Cove), Wolfe ascends Quebec heights from, 254-256; Montgomery's march from, 285 Antillia, 21 Archibald, Adams, first Governor of Manitoba, 392 Arctic Exploration, 464 Argall, Samuel, destroys St. Sauveur and Port Royal in Acadia, 64, 65 Arms of the Dominion. _See_ cover of this volume [Transcriber's note: missing from book] Armistice, 469 Arnold, General Benedict, his expedition against Quebec, 284-286; raises siege, 286 Arthur, Sir George, Canadian Governor, 355 Ashburton Treaty, 375 Assembly, Legislative, first at Halifax, 302; at Quebec, 306; in other provinces, 302, 303. _See_ Legislatures, House of Commons Assiniboia. _See_ Red River Association of Nations, 457, 467 Astrolabe, lost by Champlain, 79 Atlantis, island of, 12 Ayleswurth, Mr. A. B., 430 Autonomy Bills, 461

Baie Verte, Fort at, 229, 230 Baldwin, Robert, Canadian reformer, 342, 350, 364; portrait of, 365 Ballads of French Canada, 450-453 Bank of England, 468 Barre, La, Canadian Governor, 195 Batoche, fight at (in 1885), 397 Battles, 460, 465 Beaujeu, Captain de, defeats Braddock, 230 Beauséjour, Fort, 229; captured by English, 230 Bedard, French Canadian journalist, 313, 314 Bering Sea question, 324 Biard, Father, Jesuit missionary, 61, 64 Biencourt, son of Baron de Poutrincourt, 60; his Acadian career, 60-65, 94; death of, 94 Bienville, father of Louisiana, 225 Big Bear, Indian chief, 395, 398 Bigot, Canadian Intendant, his crimes, 249; punishment of, 267 Binyon, Laurence, 466 Bishop's Palace, 305, 307 Borden, Sir Robert, 464, 468, 473, 475 Boston, City of, founded, 100 Bougainville, siege of Quebec, 253, 254, 256; his later career, 253 Boundaries of Canada under Quebec Act, 266, 277; treaty of peace of 1783, 289; in 1842 (Ashburton treaty), 375; in 1856 (Oregon), 375; after confederation in 1867, 380; in 1896, 4, 5 Bourgeoys, Margaret, founder of Congregation de Notre-Dame in Canada, 136 Bourgoyne, General, defeated at Saratoga, 288 Bourlamaque, General, 248, 254 Bowell, Mackenzie, Canadian premier, 394, 415 Braddock, General, defeated at Monongahela, 230 Brant, Joseph ("Thayendanegea"), Mohawk chief, 298-300; autograph and portrait of, 299 Brantford, named after Indian chief, 300. _See_ Brant Brebeuf, Jean de, Jesuit Missionary, 86; his heroism and death, 142; relic of, 143 Bressani, Jesuit Missionary, 138 Brion, Seigneur de, French Admiral, 32 British Columbia, scenery of, 16, 17; history of, 404, 405; enters Canadian confederation, 406; Indians of, 402 British North America Act of 1867, unites Canadian provinces, 374, 428 British troops and warships withdrawn, 433 Brock, Major-General, during war of 1812; defeats Hull, 322; dies at battle of Queenston Heights, _ib._; portrait of, 323; monument to, 336 Brockville, city of, 324 Brodeur, Hon. Mr. L. P., 433 Brown, George, Canadian journalist and statesman, 372; political career, 372, 406-408; his part in confederation, 372, 410, 412; autograph and portrait of, 409; monument to, 413 Bruce, John, at Red River (1869), 388 Brulé, Etienne, Indian interpreter, 81, 84, 85 Bullion, Madam de, founder of Montreal Hôtel de Dieu, 134 Byng, Lord, 465, 474

Cabot, John, discovers North American Continent, 21-23 Calèche in French Canada, 443 Callières, Canadian governor, 204; makes peace with Iroquois, _ib._ Campbell, Sir Colin, Governor of Nova Scotia, 362 Campbell, W. Wilfred, Canadian poet, 181 Canada, divisions of, 1-18; name of, 7; discovery of, 34, 35; river of, 35; Quebec, ancient capital of, 70; government of, under France, 156-167; ceded to England, 263; military régime of, 268; political state from 1763-1867, 338-379; confederation of, 370-374, 391, 392, 404; railway building, 416; canals and waterways, 418; growth of manufacturing industries, 419, 420; bounty system, 419; population of, in 1908, 424, 425; French population of, 425; intellectual progress of, 425-429; revenue and expenditure, 425; government of, 426-429, relations with England, 428-429; awakening of national consciousness, 432; treaty-making power still withheld from, 433; map of (1643), 44; (1745), 221; (1896), opposite p. 1. _See_ French Canadians Canadian Air Board, 480 Canadian Manufacturers' Association, 422 Canadian Pacific Railway, 392, 396, 414, 417 Canals of Canada, 358 Cape Breton, Island of; discovered, 23-26; named Île Royale, 210; ceded to England, 215; restored to France, 219; ceded again to England, 264; government of, under France, 210, 211; part of Nova Scotia, 303. _See_ Louisbourg Card money of French Canada, 162 Carignan-Salières regiment, 152, 166 Carleton, General (Sir Guy), at siege of Quebec, 250; Canadian Governor, 277; saves Canada, 280, 283-287; becomes Lord Dorchester and again Governor, 301 _Caroline_, burning of steamer, 354 Caron, Sir Adolphe, 396 Cartier, Jacques, his voyages, 30-46; autograph and portrait of, 31; discovers Canada, 34; first map of his discoveries, 44; death of, 46 Cartier, Sir George, Canadian statesman, 372; his character and services to Canada, 408-412; autograph and portrait of, 411; monument to, 413 Cartwright, Sir Richard, Canadian statesman, 298 Cascade Mountains, 17 Cataraqui (Kingston), 184 Cayngas, division of Iroquois Confederacy, 118. _See_ Iroquois Celéron, in the Ohio Valley, 223 Chaleur, Bay of, discovered, 32 Champlain, Helen, wife of Samuel Champlain, 77 Champlain, Lake, name of, 73 Champlain, Samuel, 48; first autograph and portrait of, 69; founds Quebec, 70; battles with the Iroquois, 72-75, 81-85; first visit to the Ottawa region, 78-80: his lost astrolabe, 79; discovers Lake Huron (_mer douce_), 82; surrenders Quebec to Kirk, 88; returns to Canada, 89; death of, 90; his services to Canada, 91; visit to Canada, 149 _Chansons_ of French Canada. _See_ Ballads Charlottetown, city of, founded, 311 Chartres, Fort, on the Illinois, 224 Chateau St. Louis, history of, destroyed by fire, _see frontispiece_ Chateauguay, battle of, 328; monument of, 337 _Cheveux Relévés_, 116 Chippawa-Queenston Canal, 476 Chrystler's Farm, battle of. _See_ War of 1812 Clergy Reserves, 346; settled, 367 Coal, 423, 424 Coalition Government, 467, 475 Cobalt, 463 Colbert, French Minister of State, 152-156 Colborne, Sir John, Commander-in-Chief during Canadian rebellion of 1838-39, 352-357 Commons. _See_ House of Commons _Compagnie des Cents Associés_, 86; charter revoked, 152 Confederation of Canada, 370-374, 380, 391, 392, 404, 406 _Congregation de Notre Dame_, founded, 136 Conscription, 467 Constitutional Act of 1791, 303-305; operation of, 309-315, 338-358 Constitution of Dominion of Canada, 426-429 Constitution of Provinces of Canada, 426, 427 Convents in Canada, founded, 130 _et seq._ Cortereal, Caspar and Miguel, Portuguese voyagers, 24 Cosa, Juan de la, Spanish pilot, his map of 1500, 23, 25 Costabelle, M. de, first governor of Cape Breton, 210 _Côtes_, 166 Coudres, Isle de, named, 35 Courcelles, M. de, Canadian governor, 153 _Coureurs-de-bois_, 170-176 Craig, Sir James, Canadian governor, 312-314 Crerar, Hon. T. A., 475 Crévecour, Fort, on the Illinois, 186 Crowfoot, Indian chief, 397 Carrie, General Sir Arthur, 465 Cut-Knife Creek, fight at (in 1885), 397

Dairying, 423 Daniel, Father, Jesuit missionary and martyr, 142 D'Anville, Duke, 217, 218 D'Aunay, Chevalier, 98; his feud with Charles de la Tour, 99-105; death of, 105; marriage of his widow, 106 Dauphin map (1543), 44 D'Avaugour, Baron, Canadian governor, 160 Davin, Nicholas F., 458 Dawson, Dr. G. M., Canadian scientist, 401 "Découverte, La Nouvelle," by Father Hennepin, 187 Demobilization, 469 Demons, Isle of, 46 Denonville, Marquis de, Canadian governor, 195 Denys, Nicholas, in Acadia, 97, 106 Déserts, Isle of, 54, 64 Detroit, history of, 207, 223, 270-272, 274 Devonshire, Duke of, 474 Diamond, Cape, 44 Diamond Jubilee, 423 Dieskau, Baron, defeated by Johnson, 231 Dingley Act, 431 Disarmament Conference, 475 Dollard, Sieur des Ormeaux, his heroism, 151 Dominion Police, 481 Dominion of Canada. _See_ Canada. Donnacona, Indian King of Stadacona, 36, 42, 43 Dorchester. _See_ Carleton Doukhobors, 425 Druillètes, Gabriel, Jesuit missionary, 139, 140 Drummond, General, wins battle of Lundy's Lane, 331 Dufferin, Lord, Canadian governor, 380, 394 Duhaut, La Salle's murderer, 190 Duluth, Daniel Greysolon, 176, 187 Dumont, Gabriel, half-breed leader in second Red River Rebellion, 395, 397 Duquesne, Canadian governor, 223 Duquesne, Fort, 224, 226 Durham, Lord, Canadian governor, 355; his report on Canadian affairs, 340, 356, 361

Earthquake of 1663 in Canada, 151 _Eboulements_, Les, 151 Education in Canada, 358, 359, 368, 425-428 Edward (Lyman), Fort, 222 Elections, 1900, 1911, 1917, 1921, 460, 463, 467, 475 Elgin, Lord, Canadian Governor, 363 England and Canada, relations between, 428-429 Eries ("Racoons"), 117 Etchemins ("Canoemen"), 114

Falkland, Lord, Nova Scotian Governor, 362 "Family Compact," 344; broken up, 355 Farming, the most important industry, 422-423 Fenian Raids, 378 Fielding, Mr. W. S., 433 Fish Creek, fight at (in 1855), 396; monument to dead, 400 Fisheries of Canada, 324, 335, 375, 424 Fitzgibbon. _See_ War of 1812 Five Nations. _See_ Iroquois Forbes, General, 243; in Ohio Valley, 246 Foster, George A., Canadian statesman, 298 Fraser River, 16, 17, 383 Fréchette, Louis, French Canadian poet, 181; his portrait, 449 Frederic (Crown Point), Fort, 222 Free Land, 482 Free libraries, 426 French Canada. _See_ French Canadians French Canadians, language of, 435-438; villages of, 439-442; attachment of, to Roman Catholic religion, 438-440, 447; habits of, 446; literature of, 448; feelings of, towards England, and confederation, 454-456 Frog Lake Massacre (in 1885), 395 Frontenac, Count, Canadian Governor, 194-204; character of, 193; repulses Phipps at Quebec, 199-201; humbles Onondagas, 203; death of, 204; autograph and statue of, 193 Frontenac, Fort, 184, 195, 196, 246; destroyed, 247 Fruit-growing, 423

Galissonnière, Canadian Governor, 222, 223 Galt, Sir Alexander, Canadian statesman, 372 Gannentaha, Onandaga French Mission, 148, 149 Garmeau, F. X., French Canadian historian, 449 Garry, Fort, 385, 388, 391; view of, 389 Gaspé, Cape, 8, 33 George, Lake, 137; battle of, 231 Germain, Lord George (Sackville), 287 Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 43 Gold, discovery of, in the Yukon and in Alaska, 430 Gomez, Estevan, 27 Gosford, Lord, Canadian Governor, 342, 352 Gourlay, Robert, Canadian reformer, 344; his ill-treatment, 345 Government of Dominion of Canada, 426, 429 Governor-General of Canada, 428 Grand Trunk Railway, 416; Pacific Railway, sections, 418; Government subsidy granted, 418; arbitration, 477 Grasett, Colonel, in Riel's second rebellion (1885), 397 Great Northern, 418 Greenfield, Premier, 479 Griffin, Le Salle's vessel, 186 Grosseilliers, Sieur de, 170 Guarantee Act, 416 Guerchéville, Mme. de, 61 Guyart, Marie (Mere de l'Incarnation), Superior of Ursulines, 132; portrait of, 131

_Habitants_, of French Canada, 163-167, 442-447 Haldimand, General, Canadian governor, 287, 290, 301 Hale, Horatio, on Indian legends, 113, 119 Haliburton, Judge ("Sam Slick"), 360; portrait of, 359 Halifax, City of, founded, 222; razed, 468 Hampton, General, defeated at Chateauguay, 328 Harvey, Colonel (Sir John), at Stoney Creek, 325; in Nova Scotia, 363 Head, Sir Francis Bond, 350-353, 355 Hébert, French Canadian sculptor, 193, 449 Helluland of the Norsemen, 20 High Commission created, 430 Hincks, Sir Francis, Canadian statesman, 367 Hennepin, Father, his voyages, 187 Hève, La, in Acadia, 98 Hey, Chief Justice, 278 Highways Act, 470 Historians of Canada. _See_ Bibliographical note at beginning of volume Hochelaga (Montreal), Indian village of, 37-41; inhabitants of, 112 Holbourne, Admiral, 240 Hospitals in Canada, 130 Hôtel Dieu of Montreal, 134 Hôtel Dieu of Quebec, 130 House of Commons of Canada, 428 Howe, Joseph, Canadian statesman and father of responsible government, 362, 364; portrait of, 363; action of, with respect to union, 412, 413 Howe, Lord, death of, 245 Hudson's Bay, English trading posts at, attacked by French, 195, 203, 205; Company of, 381-388; Railway, 418 Hughes, Sir Sam, 465 Huron Indians, 115; habits of, 116; habitations of, 82, 116; conquered by Iroquois, 141-143; dispersion of, 143-145

Iberville, Chevalier d', 198, 203, 207, 208; portrait of, 209 _Ile Royale_. _See_ Cape Breton Imperial Conference, 463, 474 Imperial Munitions Board, 467 Indians of Canada, tribal divisions of, 114, 115; customs of, 115-117, 123-128; English policy towards, 275; present population and development of, 402, 403 Intercolonial Railway, 417 International Commission, 431 Iroquois, or Five Nations, 111, 114; tribal divisions and habitations of, 118, 119; habits and institutions of, 118-123; plan of long-houses of, 119; Canadian raids of, 137, 138, 146, 150; attacks of, on Hurons, 141-143; attacks on Western Indians, 195; French expeditions against, 74, 153, 154, 196, 203; joined by Tuscaroras and become Six Nations, 121

Japanese Government, 479 Jesuits in Acadia, 61; in Canada, 85, 86, 89; first Canadian martyr, 139; their heroism, 139-143; _Relations_, 113, 114, 127 Jette, Sir Louis, 430 Jogues, Isaac, first Jesuit martyr, 139 Johnson, Sir W., 227; defeats French at Lake George, 231 Johnston, J. W., Canadian statesman, 362 Jolliet, Louis, discovers Mississippi, 179, 180 Jonquière, Marquis de la, Canadian governor, 218 Journalism, 426 Judiciary of Canada, 428

King, Hon. W. L. Mackenzie, 467, 468, 475 King's College in Nova Scotia, 360 Kingsford, William, Canadian author. _See_ Bibliographical Note at the beginning of this volume Kirk, Admiral, captures Quebec, 88 Klondyke rush, 463

Labour organizations, 481 La Chine, origin of name, 184; massacre at, 196 Lacolle Mill, American defeat at, 331 Lafontaine, Sir L. H., Canadian statesman, 364; portrait of, 369 La Hontan, 195 Lalemant, Charles, Jesuit superior, 86 Lalemant, Gabriel, Jesuit missionary, his heroic death, 142 La Mothe-Cadillac, founder of Detroit, 207 La Tour, Charles de, in Acadia, 93-109 La Tour, Claude de, in Acadia, 93-97 La Tour, Madame de, her heroism, 102-104 Laurentides, 6; their antiquity, _ib._ _See_ View of Cape Trinity, 9 Laurier, Wilfrid, Canadian premier, 414, 429, 432, 433, 439, 454, 460, 463, 467, 472 Laval, Mgr., first Canadian bishop, 157; character of, 158-160; portrait of, 159 Lawrence, Fort, 228 Lawrence, Governor, his part in expulsion of Acadians, 235 Law, systems of, in Canada, 428 Le Borgne, in Acadia, 106 Le Caron, Father, first western missionary, 82 Legislative Council, made elective in Canada, 367 Legislatures, Provincial, constitution of (in 1774), 278; (1792), 302-304; (1840), 357; (1867), 426 Leif Ericson, Norse voyager in America, 19, 20 Le Loutre, French priest in Acadia, 229, 230 Lemieux, Hon. Rodolphe, 479 L'Escarbot, in Acadia, 55, 56 Le Moyne, Simon, Jesuit missionary, 147 Lévis, Chevalier de, 248; Canadian town named after, 2; at battle of St. Foy, 262 Liberal Convention, 468 Liotot, murderer of La Salle, 190 Liquors, sale of, 160 Livius, Chief Justice, 304 Loans, domestic, 469 Local government in French Canada, 164; in English Canada. _See_ Municipal Institutions Lodge, Mr. Henry C., 430 Long Sault, heroic incident at, 150 Lorette, Hurons of, 144 _L'Ordre de bon temps_, at Port Royal, 57 Loudoun, Earl, 237 Louisbourg, 211; taken by New England expedition, 215-217; by Amherst and Boscawen, 242, 243; destroyed, 243; present aspect of, _ib._; view of, in 1731, 210 Louisiana, 208, 224, 225, 436 Louis XIV., his interest in Canada, 152, 156 Lount, Samuel, Canadian Reformer, 353, 355 Loyalists, United Empire, 297; their trials, 292, 293, 294; famous names among, 295; their influence on Canada, 292, 296 Lundy's Lane, battle of, 331; monument at, 333, 337

Macdonald, Alexander, 463 Macdonald, Sir John Alexander, Canadian statesman and premier, political, career of, 372, 394, 398, 408-413; one of founders of Confederation 372; autograph and portrait of, 405; his tenure, as premier, 408; character of, 408, 410; monuments to, 413 Macdonnell, Bishop, 310 Mackenzie, Alexander, Canadian premier, 408 Mackenzie River, 383 Mackenzie, W. Lyon, Canadian Reformer, 348; career of, 348-351, 343-355, 368; autograph and portrait of, 349 Mackinac or Michillimackinac, 174, 175, 187, 203, 207, 223, 272 (Pontiac's War); 322, 332 (War of 1812) McDonell, Colonel, attorney-general, killed at Queenston, 322 McDonnell, Colonel, captures Ogdensburgh, 324; at Chateauguay, 328 McDougall, William, Canadian statesman, 373; in the Northwest, 387-390 McLeod affair with the United States, 374, 375 McNab, Colonel (Sir Allan), 353, 354 Macrae, Colonel, 466 Magdalen Islands, 32 Maisonneuve, Sieur de, founder of _Ville-Marie_ (Montreal), 133-136; portrait of, 135 Mance, Jeanne, 134-136 Manitoba, province of, 391, 392. _See_ Winnipeg Manufactures in Canada, 419-421 Markland, Norse discovery, 20 Marquette, Father, 178; discovers Mississippi, 179, 180; his death, 182, 183 Marquis wheat, 463 Masères, Attorney-General, 278 Mason and Slidell difficulty, 377 Massé, Father, Jesuit missionary, in Acadia, 61; in Canada, 80 Matagorda Bay, La Salle at, 190 Matthews, Peter, Canadian Reformer, 355 Meighen, Hon. Arthur, 470, 474 Membertou, Micmac chief, 58, 59, 60, 62 Membré, Father, French missionary, 187, 188 Merchant Marine, 467 Metcalfe, Lord, Canadian Governor, 362 _Mêtis_ or half-breeds of Canada, 11, 386; rebellions of (1869), 386-391; (1885), 393-400. _See_ Riel Micmacs (Souriquois), 114, 115 Middleton, General, commands Canadian forces in second Red River Rebellion (1885), 396 Military Service, 468 Mining an important industry, 423 Mississippi, discovery of, 179, 180, 181, 188; France in valley of, 224, 225, 434 Mohawks, division of Iroquois Confederation, 118; settle in Canada, 300, 402. _See_ Iroquois Monckton, General, 230; at siege of Quebec, 250, 257 Money in French Canada, 161, 162 Monongahela, battle of. _See_ Braddock Montagnais Indians, 115 Montcalm, Marquis de, 238; victories of, 237, 238; defeat of, by Wolfe, 256; death of, 257; character of, 260; monument to, 259, 261 Montgomery, General, in Canada, 284; death of, 285 Montgomery's Tavern, near Toronto, Canadian rebels defeated at (1836), 353 Montmagny, Charles Hault de, Canadian governor, 129, 133; called "Onontio," 153 Montreal, city of, founded as _Ville-Marie_, 134-136; view of, in 1760, 265 Monts, Sieur de, in Acadia, 50-59, 68-75 Morgan, Lewis H., on the Iroquois, 119 Morrison, Colonel, defeats Americans at Chrystler's Farm, 328 Mounted Police of the Northwest, 401 Municipal Institutions in Canada, 367, 368, 426 Murray, General, at siege of Quebec, 250; defeated by Lévis, 262; Canadian governor, 275-277; character of, 276

National Policy Tariff, 414 Naval Treaty, 480 Necessity, Fort, 224 Neilson, John, Canadian journalist, 338, 339 Nelson, Wolfred, Canadian reformer, 330, 352, 356, 357, 368 Neutral Nation (Attiwandaronks), 117 Newark (Niagara), 306; burned by American troops, 330 New Brunswick, province of, 5, 6; separated from Nova Scotia, 302; enters Confederation, 373, 374, 412 Newspapers, 426 Niagara, falls of, 186 Niagara, Fort, 231, 247, 253, 426 Nicolet, Jean, 168, 169 Nipissing Lake, 81, 82; Indians of, _ib._, 115 Non-intervention, 460 Norse voyages to America, 19, 20 Northwest Company, 382-385 Northwest of Canada, 10, 11; history of, 381-401; resources and progress of, 11, 392; mounted police of, 401, 481; Indians of, rebellions in, 387-402; monuments to victims of, 400; government of, 428 Northwest Passage, 465 Norumbega, 28, 54; memorials of, _ib._ Nova Scotia, 5, 6; named, 96; first assembly of, 302; enters Confederation, 373, 374, 413

Ocean steamships. _See Royal William_ Ohio, valley of the, contest for, 223, 229, 230, 242; Indian raids in (Pontiac's War), 273 Oil discoveries, 476 Oneidas, division of Iroquois Confederation, 118. _See_ Iroquois Onondagas, division of Iroquois Confederation, 118. _See_ Iroquois Onontio. _See_ Montmagny Ontario, province of, 10; name of, _ib._, 374; first known as Upper or Western Canada, 303; enters Confederation, 374; Hydro-Electric Commission, 476; Agricultural College, 482 Oregon boundary question, 375 Orleans, Island of, 36 Oswego (Choueguën), Fort, 222, 227 Ottawa River, 78 Otter, Colonel, 397 Ouigoudi (St. John's River, N.B.), 53