Part 6

The method of the Seven hundred and twenty, hath an absolute dependency upon the method of the Sixscore changes on five bells; for five of the notes are to make the sixscore changes, and the sixth note hunts continually through them, and every time it leads or lies behind them, one of the Sixscore changes must then be made. The method of the Seven hundred and Twenty is in effect the same with that of the Sixscore: for as the Sixscore comprehended the Twenty four changes on four, and the Six on three; so likewise the Seven hundred and twenty comprehend the Sixscore changes on five, the Twenty four changes on four, and the Six changes on three. Therefore here must be three Hunts, and three Extream bells: the three Hunts are thus distinguished; one of them is call’d the _whole-hunt_, another the _half-hunt_, and the other the _quarter-hunt_. The Half-hunt, Quarter-hunt, and three Extream bells, are to make the Sixscore changes; the Quarter-hunt and three Extream bells are to make the Twenty four changes, and the three Extream bells are to make the _six_ changes, which are here also called _extream_ changes, and made in the same manner as before I have shewed upon four bells. In this example here prickt, _treble_ is the _whole-hunt_, _2d_ the _half-hunt_, _3d_ the _quarter-hunt_, and _4 5 6_ _extream_ bells. Now ’tis observable, that 4 5 6 are to make the six _extream_ changes, which will divide the _seven hundred and twenty_ into six equal parts; the 3 4 5 6 are to make the _twenty four_ changes, wherein the _3d_ is the _hunt_, (but in the _seven hundred and twenty_ ’tis call’d the _quarter-hunt_;) and 2 3 4 5 6 are to make the _sixscore_ changes, wherein the _2d_ is the _whole-hunt_ (though in the 720 ’tis call’d the _half-hunt_,) by which ’tis evident, that the _treble_ continually hunts through these five 2 3 4 5 6, the _2d_ through the four 3 4 5 6, and the _3d_ through these three 4 5 6; which are assigned for the respective _hunts_ to hunt through, from the beginning to the end of the peal. First the _treble_ hunts up (_a_). Now one of the _sixscore_ changes must be made, therefore the _2d_ being the _hunt_ in the _sixscore_, must begin its course through the other four notes (_b_). The _treble_ hunts down (_c_); the _2d_ proceeds in its course (_d_); the _treble_ hunts up (_e_). The _2d_ proceedeth forward in its course (_f_); the _treble_ hunts down (_g_); the _2d_ proceeds forward (_h_); the _treble_ hunts up (_i_); the _2d_, which is the _half-hunt_, should now proceed forward, but having finished its course through the four bells, therefore the _3d_, which is the _quarter-hunt_, must begin its motion through the _extream_ bells (_k_). The _treble_ hunts down (_l_). The _half-hunt_ must now begin its course again through the four bells, and first therefore it moves down under the 6 (_m_). The _treble_ must hunt up again, and then the _2d_ must move down under another bell, which method must be observed untill the _2d_ has moved quite down through the four bells again, and then the _3d_ must proceed forward by moving over another of the _extream_ bells; which method must be observed in the motion of the three _hunts_, until the _quarter-hunt_ hath moved up behind the _extream_ bells, and then the _whole_ and _half-hunts_, having gone their course again through the bells, an _extream_ change must be made: after which the _whole_, _half_, and _quarter-hunts_ proceed again in their course as before.

│123456 ───┼────── _a_│213456 „ │231456 „ │234156 „ │234516 „ │234561 ───┼────── _b_│324561 ───┼────── _c_│324516 „ │324156 „ │321456 „ │312456 „ │132456 ───┼────── _d_│134256 ───┼────── _e_│314256 „ │341256 „ │342156 „ │342516 „ │342561 ───┼────── _f_│345261 ───┼────── _g_│345216 „ │345126 „ │341526 „ │314526 „ │134526 ───┼────── _h_│134562 ───┼────── _i_│314562 „ │341562 „ │345162 „ │345612 „ │345621 ───┼────── _k_│435621 ───┼────── _l_│435612 „ │435162 „ │431562 „ │413562 „ │143562 ───┼────── _m_│143526

The letter _h_ standing by the figures signifies _half-hunt_, that is, the motion of the _half-hunt_ in that change; and likewise _q_ the _quarter-hunt_. Here are the first _sixscore_ changes of a _seven hundred and twenty_; wherein ’tis observable, that all the changes at _h_ and _q_ being set down by themselves in the same successive order as they were made, that is, the 1 to be excluded, and the changes on the other five figures to be set down directly under one another, and the _extream_ change at last, it will thereby appear, that the five figures have made twenty changes of a _sixscore_, according to the method of the example on five bells, _page 63._ with this only difference, these are made on 23456, and those were made on 12345; but the five figures of each have both alike course, the _2d_ and _3d_ going the same course in this, as the _treble_ and _2d_ did in that. Now whereas the _sixscore_ changes here prickt down are a sixth part of the _seven hundred_ and _twenty_, so likewise are the _twenty changes_, here made by 23456, a sixth part of the _sixscore_: and then consequently, the _seven hundred_ and _twenty_ changes being all prickt, the _sixscore_ changes on 23456 would plainly appear therein, in the same manner as twenty of them appear in this _sixscore_. Therefore more need not be said of the method of the 720, since the method of the _sixscore_ changes on five bells being well understood, will be a sure and certain guide to the Learner: only this one thing farther; in ringing of this peal with any _hunts_, the second _extream_ change being made between the two bells which made the first _extream_, will always bring the bells round at the end of the _twelvescore_. But after _twelvescore_ are made, they cannot in course be brought round until the end of the 720.

│_123456_│ │ │ │ │ │ │ 213456 │ │ 435612 │ │ 214536 │ │ 456312 │ 231456 │ │ 435162 │ │ 241536 │ │ 456132 │ 234156 │ │ 431562 │ │ 245136 │ │ 451632 │ 234516 │ │ 413562 │ │ 245316 │ │ 415632 │ 234561 │ │ 143562 │ │ 245361 │ │ 145632 _h_│ 324561 │_h_│ 143526 │_h_│ 425361 │_h_│ 145623 │ 324516 │ │ 413526 │ │ 425316 │ │ 415623 │ 324156 │ │ 431526 │ │ 425136 │ │ 451623 │ 321456 │ │ 435126 │ │ 421536 │ │ 456123 │ 312456 │ │ 435216 │ │ 412536 │ │ 456213 │ 132456 │ │ 435261 │ │ 142536 │ │ 456231 _h_│ 134256 │_h_│ 432561 │_h_│ 145236 │_h_│ 452631 │ 314256 │ │ 432516 │ │ 415236 │ │ 452613 │ 341256 │ │ 432156 │ │ 451236 │ │ 452163 │ 342156 │ │ 431256 │ │ 452136 │ │ 451263 │ 342516 │ │ 413256 │ │ 452316 │ │ 415263 │ 342561 │ │ 143256 │ │ 452361 │ │ 145263 _h_│ 345261 │_h_│ 142356 │_h_│ 453261 │_h_│ 142563 │ 345216 │ │ 412356 │ │ 453216 │ │ 412563 │ 345126 │ │ 421356 │ │ 453126 │ │ 421563 │ 341526 │ │ 423156 │ │ 451326 │ │ 425163 │ 314526 │ │ 423516 │ │ 415326 │ │ 425613 │ 134526 │ │ 423561 │ │ 145326 │ │ 425631 _h_│ 134562 │_h_│ 243561 │_h_│ 145362 │_h_│ 245631 │ 314562 │ │ 243516 │ │ 415362 │ │ 245613 │ 341562 │ │ 243156 │ │ 451362 │ │ 245163 │ 345162 │ │ 241356 │ │ 453162 │ │ 241563 │ 345612 │ │ 214356 │ │ 453612 │ │ 214563 │ 345621 │ │ 124356 │ │ 453621 │ │ 124563 _q_│ 435621 │_q_│ 124536 │_q_│ 456321 │ │ Extre. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 125463

The 720 changes may be rung one thousand nine hundred and twenty several ways, which is thus demonstrable. There are six times five figures to be produced out of six, and not twice five the same: as 12345. 12346. 12356. 12456. 13456. 23456. and with each five the _sixscore_ changes may be prickt one hundred and sixty ways, as before I have shewed on five bells. Now to each five add the sixth figure which is wanting, as to 12345 add 6, to 12346 add 5, to 12456 add 3, to 13456 add 2, and to 23456 add 1. And the sixth figure which is added, being hunted through all the several _sixscores_ which the other five figures make; for instance, the 6 through the 160 several _sixscores_ which 12345 make, and the 5 also through the 160 several _sixscores_, which 12346 make, and the like of the rest; will produce as many _seven hundred_ and _twenties_ as there are _sixscores_, that is, six times one hundred and sixty, which amounts to nine hundred and sixty. Then the note that hunts through the other five, may hunt two ways through each _sixscore_, that is, up and down, which will double the former number, and make nineteen hundred and twenty in the whole.

AN INTRODUCTION to the Knowledge of _CROSSE PEALS_.

These Peals are term’d _cross_ in respect of their intricate methods; wherein several notes moving at one and the same time, do thwart or _cross_ each other in their course and motion, some moving up, others at the same time down, gives this Denomination to the Peals. The end of pricking them is to make the compleat number of changes by a method differing from that of other Peals. For although five can be varied but 120 ways, and six but 720 _&c._ yet the methods by which they are varied, are differing, according to the several fancies of the Artist. And as order and method are the only _basis_ on which this Art is founded; so the skilful Artists, the better to effect the aforesaid end, have thought fit in most peals to appoint one note to be as it were a Helm or Rudder, by which the course of the peal is steered; which note is term’d a _Hunt_, and hath one constant uniform motion throughout the peal, differing from that of the other notes. The manner of its motion is continually through the other notes, that is, from leading to strike behind, and from thence again to lead, which motion, first up and then down, is term’d one compleat Course. Some peals upon five bells, as _old Doubles_, _&c._ consist of single Courses; there being ten changes in every single Course, and twelve of those Courses in the peal. Other peals upon five bells, as _London Paradox_, _&c._ consist of double Courses; there being twenty changes in every double Course, and six of those Courses in the peal. Upon six bells there are also single and double Courses, _viz._ twelve changes in every single Course, as in _Grandsire Bob_ _&c._ and twenty four changes in every double Course, as in _Colledg Bob_, _&c._ the change wherein the _Hunt_ leaves leading being the first change of every Course. Now the methods of these peals being well considered, they will be found more easie than at the first view they may seem to be; for the first Course of any Cross Peal being judiciously viewed, the general method of the whole peal will thereby appear: for all the Courses in a Cross peal do agree in these three respects. First, in the motion of the _Hunt_; secondly, in the motion of the rest of the notes; thirdly, in the making of the changes, which will plainly appear in the following peals, (some few changes in each peal only excepted, as hereafter I shall shew in my Directions to the several peals:) for proof of which I will give an instance in the peal of new Doubles upon five bells, these being the three first Courses of the peal. Wherein ’tis observable, that the last change of the first Course which is 13524, I have set down again at the top of the second Course; and likewise the last change of the second Course which is 15432, I have also put at the top of the third course; which I have done for the plainer Demonstration of what I here intend. So that the ten lowermost changes are the ten changes of each Course.

First │ 2d │ 3d Course│Course│Course │ │ 12345 │13524 │15432 ──────┼──────┼────── 21354 │31542 │51423 23145 │35124 │54132 32415 │53214 │45312 23451 │35241 │54321 32541 │53421 │45231 23514 │35412 │54213 32154 │53142 │45123 31245 │51324 │41532 13254 │15342 │14523 13524 │15432 │14253

First therefore, as to the motion of the _hunt_, the 1 which is the _hunt_ moves directly up behind, where it lieth twice, and then down again to lead, where it lieth also twice; as appears in each of these three Courses, and the like also throughout the peal.

Secondly, as the _2d_, _3d_, _4th_, and _5th_ bells move through the first Course, so the bells that lie in the _2d_, _3d_, _4th_, and _5th_ places in the last change of every course, moves in the same manner also through the next following course. For instance; first, for the bell in the _2d_ place: in the first course the _2d_ bell moves down to lead, where it lieth twice, and then dodges untill the _treble_ comes down to it. So likewise in the second course, the _3d_ bell lying in the _2d_ place moves down to lead, where it lies twice, and then dodges until _treble_ comes down to it; and also in the third course, the _5th_ bell lying in the _2d_ place, moves down to lead where it lieth twice, and dodgeth until the _treble_ moves down to it. Secondly, for the bell in the _3d_ place. In the first course the _3d_ bell moves down to lead, and there dodgeth untill the _treble_ comes down to it: so likewise in the second course the _5th_ bell lying in the _3d_ place moves down to lead, and there dodgeth untill the _treble_ comes down to it: and also in the _3d_ course the _4th_ bell lying in the _3d_ place moves down to lead, and there dodgeth until the _treble_ comes down to it. Thirdly, for the bell in the fourth place: In the first course, the fourth bell moves up behind, then down into the _3d_ place where it lieth twice, then up again behind; so likewise in the second course, the _2d_ bell lying in the _4th_ place moves up behind, then down into the _3d_ place where it lieth twice, then up again behind; and also in the third course the _3d_ bell lying in the _4th_ place, moves therefore up behind, then down into the _3d_ place where it lieth twice, then up again behind. And such uniform motion also hath the bell in the _5th_ place through every course.

Thirdly, that the changes in all the courses of the peal are made alike, will here also plainly appear in the three courses. For the first change of every course is made on the two first and two last bells; the second change of every course is made on the four last; the third is made on the four first; the fourth on the two first and two last; the fifth on the four first; the sixth on the two first and two last; the seventh on the four first; the eighth on the four last; the ninth on the two first and two last; and the tenth single.

And thus in every Cross-peal the Courses do all agree, first in the motion of the Hunt, secondly in the motion of the rest of the notes, and thirdly in the making of the changes, as before I have showed. So that these three things being well observed, will be very helpful both in pricking and ringing them; the first and third being most proper to direct the pricking of them, and the first and second the ringing of them. Therefore if the Practitioner do but observe how the changes are made in the first course of a peal, wherein he must have particular regard to the motion of the Hunt, (with a little further help from the following directions to each peal, as to the making of _Extreams_ and Bob-changes) he may easily prick down all the following Courses of the same peals and therefore in the following peals I have onely prickt down two or three of the first courses for an example, and then have abridged the rest of the peal by setting down only the changes that are made at the leadings of the Hunt. But note, there are some few _Cambridg_-peals upon five bells, wherein all the courses of each peal do not agree in the aforesaid three respects: For although as to the motion of the _whole-hunt_ they do, yet in the motion of the rest of the notes, and consequently in the making of the changes they do not.

It being very difficult to begin the following peals with cross _hunts_, that is, to make the _2d_, _3d_, _4th_ _&c._ whole-hunts, I will therefore set down a general rule for making the first changes at the beginning of each Peal, wherein consists the great difficulty. In any Cross-peal the _whole-hunt_ may move either up or down at the beginning; and the motion of the _whole-hunt_ in the first course of each of the following peals will direct the first motion of any cross _hunt_, and consequently of making the first changes in that peal. For Example, admit the _4th_ were made the _whole-hunt_ in the peal called _Old doubles and singles_ upon five bells, and to _hunt_ up at first: now to know how to make the first changes, observe how the change is made wherein the treble (which is there the _whole-hunt_) moves up out of the _4th_ place, and in the same manner must the change be made wherein the _4th_ bell also moves up out of that place: therefore as the change wherein the treble moves up out of the _4th_ place is a _single_ behind; so likewise must the change wherein the _4th_ bell moves up out of that place, be also a _single_ behind thus, 12354: and then as the next change wherein the treble lieth still behind is double of the four first bells; so likewise the next change wherein the _4th_ bell lieth still behind, must also be made on the four first, thus, 21534, _&c._ Or admit the _4th_ were to hunt down at the beginning, then observe how the change is made wherein the treble hunts down out of the _4th_ place, and so in like manner must the change be made wherein the _4th_ hunts also down out of that place: therefore as the change wherein the treble hunts down out of the _4th_ place, is double of the four first bells; so likewise must the change wherein the _4th_ bell hunts down out of that place, be also double of the four first thus, 21435; then as the _treble_ makes a _single_ when it moves down out of the _3d_ place, so likewise must the _4th_ next make a single change in moving down out of the _3d_ place thus 24135, _&c._ which observations will guide the making of the first changes in any cross peal with any Hunts; but observe whensoever the first change of any peal happens to be single, it must be made at the back-stroke to prevent cutting compass; and the like when a double change happens first in a peal of Triples and Doubles. And moreover by the way observe, that all the following peals are so prickt, that in ringing them at half-pulls, if the first change of each peal is made at the fore-stroke, the single changes in each peal will always be made at the back-stroke; and also the double changes in Triples and Doubles, excepting some few Single in two or three peals. But when it happens that the first change of a peal is made at the back-stroke, then consequently the bells at the end of the peal will come round at a fore-stroke change.

In such peals on five bells where _singles_ are made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places at the leadings of the _whole-hunt_, the _extreams_ may there be made three ways in each peal; _viz._ every time the _half-hunt_ lieth next to the _whole-hunt_; secondly, every time it lieth behind; thirdly, every time the _half-hunt_ lieth next the _whole-hunt_, and also behind: in this last way there are six _extreams_ in each peal, but in other ways only three in each; the _extreams_ being always made when the _whole-hunt_ leads, and betwixt the two farthest _extream_ bells from the _half-hunt_.

In such peals upon five bells wherein there are three _extreams_, and made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places at the leadings of the _whole-hunt_; the rest of the _singles_ at the leadings of the _whole-hunt_ may be made two ways in each peal, _viz._ either in the _2d_ and _3d_, or the _4th_ and _5th_ places; if they are made in the _2d_ and _3d_, then the _extreams_ must be made when the _half-hunt_ lyeth behind; but if the _singles_ are made behind, then the _extreams_ must be made when the _half-hunt_ lieth next the _whole-hunt_, the _extreams_ being always made between the two next _extream_ bells to the _half-hunt_.

In all the following peals the figures standing by themselves at the title of the peal, are the _hunts_ in the peal there prickt: for instance, in the first _cross-peal_ upon five bells call’d _Old doubles and singles_, the two figures standing thus _1 and 2_, are the _hunts_ in that peal; 1 is the _whole-hunt_, 2 the _half-hunt_, and the like of the rest.