Chapter 46

Lacy, Hugo, made Governor of Ireland; his murder. Lacy, Hugo de (2d), made Governor of Ireland by King John; his treachery to De Courcy. Lancaster, Earl of, Gaveston’s nickname for; unites with other nobles against Gaveston; his part in the downfall and death of Gaveston; his discontent toward Edward II; his proceeding against the Despensers; his arrest and execution; his character. Lanfranc, the first rise of; his reputation at Rome; becomes Abp. of Canterbury; his esteem for Wulstan; William the Conqueror’s friendship for; commanded by William the Conqueror to crown Rufus King of England; favors the views of Gregory VII; his death. Langley, Walter, Bp. of Lichfield, reproves Edward of Caernarvon; his imprisonment. Langston, Simon, brother of the abp. Langton, Stephen, nominated by the Pope Abp. of Canterbury; refused by King John; acknowledged by John; takes possession of the see; forbids John’s violence; his support of Magna Charta against the Pope; gets the Barons to adopt it; his mission to Rome on behalf of it and the Barons. Lateran Council, the, exactions of. Laws of England, adhered to by the Norman Kings; ignored by Henry II; their violation by King John; Edward I’s code of. Lay investiture of bishops, disputes about their settlement, Leofric, Earl of Mercia, assists Edward the Confessor against Godwin, his death, Leofric, father of Hereward, . Leofwyn, his advice to his brother Harold, death at Hastings, Leopold of Austria at the siege of Acre, his banner insulted by Richard, his quarrel with Richard at Ascalon, seizes Richard on his return, Lewes, the battle of, its results, Lillebonne, the parliament at, Limoges, meeting of Henry II. and his sons at, Lincoln, the fair of, Linlithgow, the capture of, from the English, Lion, anecdote of its faithfulness, Lockhard, origin of the name of, London, becomes the Royal residence under the Danes, preserves its rights at the Norman Conquest, submits to William the Conqueror, Longchamp, William, Bp. of Ely, chancellor, arrogant character of, his disgrace, Longespée, William, son of Fair Rosamond, history of, his death, Longespée, William, the second son of the above, joins Richard Plantagenet’s crusade, gets a grant from the Pope for it, joins the crusade of St. Louis, his advice to Robert d’Artois, killed at Mansourah, Lords Marchers of Wales, the, Lorn, John of, Bruce’s combat with, his pursuit of Bruce, is captured and imprisoned, Lothaire, son of Louis IV., companion of Richard the Fearless, becomes hostage for his father, succeeds to the throne of France, his treachery to Richard the Fearless, Richard’s victory over him, Louis l’éveillé of France sheltered by Henry I., Louis IV. of France, carries off Richard the Fearless, declares war against the Normans, is taken prisoner, his death, Louis VI., le Jeune, why so named, Louis VII., divorced from Eleanor of Aquitaine, his support of Becket, turns against him at Montmirail, their reconciliation, his tributes to Becket’s memory, excites Henry II.’s sons to rebellion. Louis IX., becomes King of France, takes the cross, his embarkation, arrival at Damietta, at the battle of Mansourah, his encampment there, taken captive by the Saracens, his conduct to the Memelukes, release and return, the dispute between Henry III. and his Barons referred to him, again takes the Cross, joined by Prince Edward of England, his expedition against Tunis, his expedition against Tunis, his disasters at Carthage, his sickness there, last hours and death, his character, Louis Philippe’s chapel on this spot of his death, Louis the Lion, his marriage to Blanche of Castile, the crown of England offered to him, interference of the Pope against this, his invasion of England, the Barons’ suspicious of him, his various contests, concludes a peace and returns home, 285. Lusignan, Guy de, King of Jerusalem, Lusignan, Hugh de, Count de la Marche, engaged to Isabelle of Angoulême, takes part with Prince Arthur, imprisoned by King John, marries Isabelle after John’s death, Lusignan, de, legend of the house of, the family favored by Henry III., See Valence de. Lyons, council of, the English deputies at, deposes Frederick II.,

Macmorogh Dermod, King of Leinster, his outrage and reverses, gets assistance from Strongbow and others, Madoc, the story of, Mad Parliament, the, meeting of, at Oxford, its acts declared void by Louis IX., Magna Charta. See Charta. Magnus, King of Norway, gives his kingdom to Harold Hardrata, Mahometans, contract between the Saracenic and Turkish, Malachy, King of Meath, legends of, Malcolm III. of Scotland, his kindness to the Etheling family, his marriage to Margaret, his character and reverence for his wife, manner of his death, troubles in Scotland after this, Malek el Afdal, Saladin’s brother, his courtesy to Richard I., Malek el Kamel, sultan, opposes the Egyptian Crusaders, his generosity, Mamelukes, the, revolt of, in St. Louis’s crusade, Mansourah, contests at, in the first Egyptian crusade, battle of, in St. Louis’s crusade, horrors of encampment there, Mantes, the insurrection at, William the Conqueror’s fatal accident at, March of Wales, the, under the Normans, Margaret, daughter of Edward the Etheling; marries Malcolm III. of Scotland; her beneficial influence on Scotland and the Scottish Church; her death. Margaret, the infant Queen of Scotland, death of. Marguerite of Provence, Queen of France, character of; accompanies St. Louis on his crusade; her sad position at Damietta. Marguerite of France, her marriage to Edward I.; her character. Marlborough, the parliament of. Marmion of Fontenaye, William the Conqueror’s champion at his coronation. Maine, loss of, by England to Philippe Auguste. Martin, abbot of Jumièges, his advice to William Longsword. Matilda of Anjou, married to William the Etheling; retires to a nunnery. Matilda of Boulogne, wife of Stephen of Blois. Matilda of Flanders, her marriage to William the Conqueror; founds the Abbaye aux Dames at Caen; her help toward the invasion of England; works the Bayeux tapestry; her coronation; character; her affection for Robert Courtheuse; her death; her husband’s tender love for. Matilda of Huntingdon, married to David I. of Scotland. Matilda, daughter of William the Conqueror, betrothed to Edwin; her touching death. Matilda, daughter of Henry I., marries Henry V., of Germany. See Maude. Maude, the good queen, her support of Abp. Anselm; her character and death. Maude, or Matilda, daughter of Henry I.; married to Henry V., of Germany; Henry declares her his heir; married secondly to Geoffrey Plantagenet; her pride and haughtiness; deprived by Stephen of the English crown; her cause increases in strength; proclaimed queen; her disdainful manners; her reverses at Winchester; besieged by Stephen at Oxford; escapes over the snow; retires to Anjou. Maulac, Pierre de, aids in the murder of Prince Arthur; his further cruelties. Melisende, Princess of Jerusalem; marries Foulques V. of Anjou. Melusine of Lusignan, legend of. Mercia, earldom of. Mertoun, the Synod of. Messina, Richard Coeur de Lion at. Methven, battle of. Milesians, the, myths concerning. Mirabeau, siege of, by Prince Arthur. Mitton, the Chapter of, the combat so called. Molay, Jacques de, grand master of the Templars; his trial; his cruel treatment and death. Monteil, Adhemar de, Bp. of Puy, takes the Cross at the Council of Clermont. Montfort, Guy, lawless conduct of; murders Henry d’Almayne; his excommunication and subsequent fate. Montfort, Henry, lawless conduct of; his death at the battle of Evesham; ballad lore version of his fate. Montford, Simon, the elder, history of; his death. Montford, Simon, the younger, marries a sister of Henry III.; his popularity; the king’s jealousy of him; his dispute with the king; his conduct in taking the oath to the Acts of Oxford; in the Barons’ war; his behavior in prosperity; violence and lawlessness of his sons; his death at the battle of Evesham; his noble character; fate of his family. Montford, Simon (3d), his conduct at the siege of Northampton; his lawless conduct; sacks Winchester; his escape from Kenilworth; murders Henry D’Almayne. Montgomery, Roger, messenger of Duke William of Normandy. Monthermer, Ralph de, his marriage to Joan of Acre. Montmirail, conference between Henry II. and Becket at. Morkar, the grandson of Leofric; the enemy of Harold; submits to William the Conqueror; joins the Camp of Refuge; ends his life in captivity. Morogh O’Brien, King of Ireland; sends William Rufus oak for Westminster Hall. Mortimer, Roger, at the battle of Lewes; aids the escape of Prince Edward from Hereford. Mortimer, Roger, senior and junior, join the Barons against the Despensers; taken prisoners by Edward II.; sentenced to perpetual imprisonment; death of the elder in the Tower. Mortimer, Roger, the younger, his escape from the Tower; Queen Isabel’s affection for him; anger of the nation at his display and presumption; his arrest at Nottingham; execution at Tyburn. Morville, Hugh, murderer of Becket; his armorial bearings.

Neustria, the district in France conquered by Rollo; ceded to him by the king; afterward termed Normandy. New Forest, formation of, by William the Conqueror; Richard, son of Robert Courtheuse, killed there; death of William Rufus in. Nicaea, Robert the Magnificent dies at; the crusading army at. Norham, conference at, respecting the Crown of Scotland. Norman Barons, their character at the accession of Duke William. Normandy, origin of its name; sad state of, under William Rufus; its troubles under Robert Courtheuse; invasion and conquest of, by Henry I.; lost to the English by John. Normans, the, character of; their exploits in Apulia; put in possession of English estates; beneficial effect of this on the English race; their opinion of Hereward; their rapacity in England; support the popes against the emperors. Northampton, council of, proceedings against Becket at; besieged by the Barons. Northmen, the, account of; their character as pirates; as settlers; gave the name to Normandy; change in their character; their inroads on Ireland. See Normans. Northumbria, the earldom of.

O’Connor, Roderick. King of Ireland; his opposition to the invaders. Odo, Bp. of Bayeux, joins William the Conqueror in his invasion of England; commands the reserve at Hastings; representation of him in the Bayeux tapestry; his disgrace and imprisonment; released by Robert Courtheuse; takes the Cross; blesses the unlawful marriage of Philippe I. Olaf, St., his prophecies of his young brothers; his death in battle. Olaf Scotkonung, King of Sweden, his charge of Edmund Ironside’s children. Olaf Trygvesson in Ireland. Oraric of Meath, treachery of. Orleton, Adam, Bp. of Hereford, his enmity to Edward II.; his answer to Queen Isabel; his quarrel with her. Osborn, Counte De Breteuil, murder of. Osgood, Clapa, the Dane, gives the name to Clapham. Osmund de Centeville, his fidelity to Richard the Fearless. Otho, Emperor of Germany, makes war against Richard the Fearless. Otho, the Pope’s legate, tumult against, at Oxford. Ottoboni, Cardinal, preaches the Crusade in France and England. Oxford, Mande besieged at, by Stephen; escapes from, over the snow; meeting of the Mad Parliament at; its acts declared void by Louis IX.

Pallium, the, Anselm’s dispute with William Rufus about. Pandulfo, the Pope’s legate, King John’s submission to; takes charge of Henry III. in his minority. Parliament, the, of Westminster; the Mad, of Oxford; those under Edward I.; increase of its power through the right of self-taxation. Patriarch, the, of Rome, acknowledged by the conquering tribes. Paschall II., Pope, Anselm consults. Pelagian heresy, the, in Wales. Pembroke, Richard, Earl of, assassination of. Pembroke, William, Earl of, has Henry III. crowned; appointed his governor during his minority. Percy, legend of the origin of the name. Peter the Hermit, his appearance at the Council of Clermont; leads the first Crusade; defection of, at the siege of Antioch; sings mass at the Holy Sepulchre. Pevensey, landing of the Normans at. Philippa of Hainault, Edward III.’s first meeting with; her marriage to him. Philippe I. of France, refuses to aid William the Conqueror’s invasion of England; aids Robert Courtheuse against his father; supports the insurrection at Mantes; his connection with Bertrade, wife of Foulques of Anjou. Philippe August, his birth and early character; his accession to the throne of France; agrees to join Richard Coeur de Lion in a crusade; his last meeting with Henry II.; sets out with Richard on the Crusade; his intended treachery; his jealousy of Richard; returns home; his conduct respecting Richard’s captivity; conduct toward Prince Arthur; quarrel with King John; summons John to answer for the murder of Prince Arthur; invades his French fiefs; wins back Normandy, Anjou, &c., from the English; England granted to him by the Pope. Philippe III., his father’s last advice to him; gives up the Crusade. Philippe IV., character of; his deceit to Edward I.; his treachery to the Count of Flanders; persecution of Boniface VIII.; causes the election of Clement V.; his proceedings against the Templars; his death. Plantagenet, Richard. See Richard. Poer, Roger le, chaplain to Henry I., Bp. of Salisbury. Poitiers, Alfonse, Count de, at the Crusade of St. Louis; left as a hostage. Pontigny, Becket retires to; driven from thence. Pope, the, rescued from the Lombards by Charlemagne; signification of the word; early power of; becomes head of the Western Church; atrocities attending the election of, the election of, transferred from the emperor to the cardinals; the struggle to regain this, Purkiss carries the body of William Rufus to Winchester; his descendants still living in the New Forest.

Ralph Flambard, Bishop of Durham, the friend of Rufus; incites Robert Courtheuse against Henry I. Randolf de Brock, enemy of Becket; assists his murderers. Randolph, Thomas, his reply to Robert Bruce; gives him his allegiance; captures Edinburgh Castle; his exploits in border warfare; appointed regent of Scotland. Raoul, Bp. of Durham, at the battle of the Standard. Raymond le Gros, friend of Strongbow; his exploits in Ireland; made Protector of the kingdom. Raymond of Toulouse joins the first crusade; his conduct at the siege of Jerusalem. Reginald, elected Abp. of Canterbury; his election declared null by the Pope; Rhodes, conquered by the Hospitallers. Rich, Edmund, Abp. of Canterbury, character of; exposes the treachery of Des Roches; his retirement and death. Richard, Apb. of Canterbury, character of. Richard Coeur de Lion, second son of Henry II., betrothed to Alice of France; his love of Languedoc; rebels against his father; his dispute with his brother Henry; origin of his surname; agrees to join Philippe Auguste in a crusade; disputes respecting his betrothal to Alice of France; his attachment to Berengaria; does homage to Philippe; his last interview with his father; remorse at his father’s death; his preparations for the crusade; joins with Philippe; instances of his violent nature; his dispute with Tancred of Sicily; his conquest of Cyprus; his marriage to Berengaria; gallantry at Acre, exploits in the march from Acre; quarrel with Leopold of Austria; his grief at being unable to take Jerusalem; his daring courage at Joppa, a truce signed with Saladin; sets out on his return home; his adventures by the way, capture and imprisonment; discovered by Blondel; his release and return home; his dispute with Constance of Brittany; besieges the castle of Chaluz, manner of his death there. Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall, undertakes a crusade; its results; elected King of the Romans; takes the oath to the acts of Oxford; taken prisoner at Lewes; his death. Richard, son of Robert Courtheuse, killed in the New Forest. Richard the Fearless, son of William Longsword and Espriote; succeeds to the dukedom, carried off by Louis IV. his escape, does homage for his duchy; his betrothal; the wars against him, attempts at his assassination; his victory over Lothaire; his character; death, piety, etc. Richard the Good, succeeds his father Richard the Fearless; his character; his protection of the sons of Ethelred. Richard, son of Richard the Good. Richard, William the Conqueror’s second son, early death of. Robert, Bp. of Hereford, the friend of St. Wulstan. Robert, count of Eu, joins William the Conqueror in his invasion of England. Robert, Count of Paris. Robert Courtheuse, William the Conqueror’s eldest son; his dispute with his brothers at L’aigle; his rebellion against his father; his mother’s affection for him; encounters his father in battle; his war with William Rufus; takes the cross; superiority of his character to his brothers’; mortgages his dukedom to Rufus; his conduct at the siege of Antioch; declines being King of Jerusalem; his friendship with Edgar Atheling; his marriage; gives up his rights to Henry I.; Henry’s intrigues against him, ; is taken prisoner; imprisoned in Cardiff castle, ; his last years and death. Robert, Earl of Gloucester, son of Henry I.; espouses the cause of the Empress Maude; is taken prisoner; exchanged for Stephen; his staunch support of Maude; his learning. Robert the Magnificent, his character; resolves on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land; declares his son (William the Conqueror) his heir, his pilgrimage and death. Rochester, the siege of, by King John. Rockingham, the convocation at. Roderick Maur, the Welsh prince. Roger, Abp. of York, the enemy of Becket; his excommunication, his jealousy of the Abp. of Canterbury, Rognwald, earl, father of Rolf Ganger, Rolf Ganger, origin of his name, outlawed for piracy, attacks Rouen , his rude generosity, interview with Hasting, conquests in France, Neustria (Normandy) ceded to him, tradition of his homage to the King of France, embraces Christianity, his government of Normandy, his history very doubtful, Rollo, the French name for Rolf, Roll of Battle Abbey, account of, Roman Empire, the, decay of, Rome, England a fief of Rosamund Clifford, history of, Rouen attacked by Rolf Ganger, its surrender, made the capital of the territory, William Longsword buried at, besieged by the enemies of Richard the Fearless, the Abp. of, excommunicates William the Conqueror, Roxburgh, capture of, by Sir James Douglas, Rudel, Jauffred, the troubadour, the story of, Runnymede, the Great Charter signed at, Ryes, Hubert de, his service to Duke William,

Sailors’ quarrel between France and England, St. Laurence, Sir Almeric de, brother in arms of Sir John de Courcy, his exploits in Ireland, St. Mahé, the sea-fight at, St. Patrick, the conversion of Ireland by, St. Thomas’s hospital, named after Archbishop Becket, Saladin obtains supreme power in Palestine, his courtesies to Richard I., Salisbury, John of, the friend of Becket, exiled by Henry II., Samson le Breton, messenger of Queen Matilda, Saracen Arabs, the, character of, Savoy palace, the, origin of, Saxons, the, held in no favor at Rome, cause of their ruin at the Conquest, their derision of the Normans, Scandinavia, the nurse of the Teuton race, Scotland, depredations of the pirates in, its troubles after the death of Malcolm III., decay of the kings of, the troubles of, following the death of Alexander III., claims to the crown of, referred to Edward I., Edward I. claims to be Lord paramount, harsh government of, under Edward I., the troubles of, under the Bruce dynasty, the strength of, under Robert Bruce, peace concluded with, by England, Scottish Church, the, reformed by Queen Margaret, Scott, Michael, the wizard, account of, Septs, system of, in Ireland, Sepulchre, the Holy, the crusaders at, Sewell, Abp. of York, his opposition to the encroachments of Rome, Ship, the White, story of the wreck of, Sigurd the Crusader, visitor to Henry I., his career, his discussion with his brother Eystein, his sad fate, Simon, Earl of Northampton, son of Matilda of Scotland, his character, his contempt for his brother Waltheof, his repentance and death, Siward Biorn, Earl of Northumbria, assists Edward the Confessor against Godwin, his death, Sonnac, Guillaume de, in the Egyptian crusade, Stamford Bridge, battle of, Standard, the, battle of, Stapleton, Walter, Bp. of Exeter, his murder at Paul’s Cross, Stephen, Count of Blois, married to William the Conqueror’s daughter Adela, takes the Cross, his character, Stephen (II.) of Blois, favorite of Henry I., swears fealty to Maude, his proceedings on the death of Henry I., obtains possession of England and Normandy, his good qualities, taken prisoner at Lincoln, regains his liberty, besieges Maude at Oxford, retains the throne unmolested, his death, Stephen, King of Hungary, his charge of Edmund Ironside’s children, his character, Stigand, Abp., his absence from the coronation of Harold, suspicion of, by the Court of Rome, his deposition, Stiklestad, battle of, Stirling, battle of, siege of, siege of the castle by Edward Bruce, Randolph’s conduct at, Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke, his invasion of Ireland, Henry II. makes him seneschal, and governor, his death, Swend, quarrel of, with Harold Hardrada, Sweyne, son of Earl Godwin, his character and crimes, Sybil, daughter of Helie de la Flèche, marries Foulques V. of Anjou, Sybilla, wife of Robert Courtheuse,