part I might be taken at the end of a man's second year of residence,

though in that case it would not qualify for a degree. A student who availed himself of this leave could take part II at the end either of his third or of his fourth year as he pleased.

The general effect of these changes was to destroy the homogeneity of the tripos. Objections to the new scheme were soon raised. Especially, it was said--whether rightly or wrongly--that part I contained too many technical subjects to serve as a general educational training for any save mathematicians; that the distinction of a high place in the historic list produced on its results tended to prevent the best men taking it in their second year, though by this time they had read enough to be able to do so; and that part II was so constructed as to appeal only to professional mathematicians, and thus the higher branches of mathematics were neglected in the University by all save a few specialists.

Whatever value be attached to these opinions, the number of students studying mathematics fell rapidly under the scheme of 1886. In 1899 the board proposed[79] further changes. These seemed to some members of the senate to be likely still further to decrease the number of men who took up the subject as one of general education; and the two main proposals were rejected, 15 February 1900 by votes of 151 to 130 and 161 to 129.

A few years later, in 1907[80], the board brought forward another scheme, proposing changes so sweeping as almost to destroy the identity of the tripos. Under this the examination in part II was abolished--a change on which all parties were agreed. There was introduced an examination, called part I, confined to elementary mathematics, which could be taken as early as the second term of residence, and for which in certain cases of failure a student could present himself again, but this, although an examination for honours, did not qualify for a degree. In the new part II, taken normally at the end of the third year of residence and qualifying for a degree, candidates were given some option in the subjects of their examination, and order of merit was abolished. The first examination under this scheme was held in 1908.

A remarkable feature in the history of the Cambridge mathematical school is the fact that for nearly two hundred years most students were accustomed to rely for preparation for it on work done with a private tutor or "Coach." Towards the close of the seventeenth century we first read of these "pupil-mongers" (among whom Laughton of Clare was the most famous) who made it their business to prepare men for their "acts."

With the rise of the senate-house examination the importance of this class of teachers increased, for success in that examination was regarded as the crown of the academic course, and brought with it, in the shape of a fellowship, an immediate competence with a reasonable prospect of an assured career. It was the business of private tutors to prepare their pupils for the examination, and among those who in this way came to the front shortly after the middle of the eighteenth century were Richard Watson, John Wilson whose name is still known by its association with a proposition in the theory of numbers, and Robert Thorp. The last named teacher was described, about 1761, as being "of eminent use to young men in preparing them for the Senate-House Examinations and peculiarly successful"; and it was added that "one young man of no shining reputation with the assistance of Mr Thorp's tuition had stood at the head of wranglers."

In a grace of the senate, passed in 1781, it is stated that almost all sophs then resorted to private tuition, and for more than a century subsequently, the practice was well established. These were the men who really directed the reading of the students. Even non-residents, if reputed to be successful coaches, drew pupils. Thus John Dawson, a medical practitioner at Sedbergh, regularly prepared pupils in the vacations for the senate-house examination, and at least eleven of the senior wranglers between 1781 and 1800 are known to have studied under him.

During the nineteenth century the system developed under two remarkable teachers, William Hopkins, 1793-1866, and Edward John Routh, 1831-1907, to whom the vast majority of the better known Cambridge mathematicians of this century owed most of what they learnt in their undergraduate days. Hopkins in the twenty-two years from 1828-49, had among his pupils one hundred and seventy-five wranglers, of whom seventeen were senior, forty-four in one of the first three places, and one hundred and eight in one of the first ten places. So too Routh, in the thirty-one years from 1858-88, had between six hundred and seven hundred pupils, most of whom became wranglers, twenty-seven being senior in the tripos and forty-one Smith's prizemen. To organize teaching on this scale demanded rare gifts.

Perhaps it may be of interest to describe, by way of example, the general features of Routh's system. He gave catechetical lectures three times a week to classes of eight or ten men of approximately equal knowledge and ability. The work to be done between two lectures was heavy, and included the solution of some eight or nine fairly hard examples on the subject of the lectures. Examination papers were also constantly set on tripos lines (bookwork and riders), while there was a weekly paper of problems set to all pupils alike. All papers sent up were marked in public, the comments on them in class were generally brief, and, to save time, solutions of the questions were circulated in manuscript. Teaching also was supplemented by manuscripts on the subjects. Finally to the more able students he was accustomed, shortly before their tripos, to give memoirs or books for analyses and commentaries. The course for the first three years and the two earlier long vacations covered all the subjects of the examination--the last long vacation and the first term of the fourth year were devoted to a thorough revision.

Under Hopkins and Routh there was no trace of what is called cramming; they might say that a particular demonstration was so long that it could not be required in the tripos, but none the less they expected their pupils to master it. The system had faults, but it had the merit of providing a systematic grounding in a wide field of subjects. The effectiveness of teaching of this kind was dependent on intimate constant personal intercourse, and the importance of this cannot be overrated. The scandal of the system consisted in the fact that a man was compelled to pay heavy fees to the University and his College for instruction, and yet found it advantageous at his own expense to go elsewhere to get it.

During the last quarter of the nineteenth century college lecturers began to share with the coaches the general direction of studies. Post-graduate work was also to some extent brought under the influence of professors and university lecturers--these not uncommonly suggesting subjects for dissertations for fellowships, Smith's prizes, etc. But the students thus influenced were not numerous, and it still remains true that the majority of mathematical undergraduates are so out of touch with the professors in the subject as to be unacquainted even with their personal appearance.

Such was the mathematical tripos and its history. Whatever its demerits, it dominated the situation, and Cambridge mathematics and mathematicians of the nineteenth century were the direct product of the system it embodied. Judged by the output, I do not think it can be said to have resulted in failure; and perhaps Cayley, Sylvester, Adams, Green, Stokes, Kelvin, and Maxwell--to mention no others--were none the worse for having been compelled to go through the course.

The reconstitution in 1907 of the tripos, and the destruction of many of its distinctive features must profoundly modify the future history of mathematics at Cambridge, but forecasts on such a theme would be useless.

The curious origin of the term tripos has been repeatedly told, and an account of it may fitly close this chapter. Formerly there were three principal occasions on which questionists were admitted to the title or degree of bachelor. The first of these was at the comitia priora, held on Ash-Wednesday, for the best men in the year. The next was at the comitia posteriora, which was held a few weeks later, and at which any student who had distinguished himself in the quadragesimal exercises subsequent to Ash-Wednesday had his seniority reserved to him. Lastly, there was the comitia minora, for students who had in no special way distinguished themselves.

In the fifteenth century an important part in the ceremony on each of these occasions was taken by a certain "ould bachilour," who sat upon a three-legged stool or tripos before the proctors and tested the abilities of the would-be graduates by arguing some question with the "eldest son," who was selected from them as their representative. To assist the latter in what might be an unequal contest his "father," that is, the officer of his college who was to present him for his degree, was allowed to come to his assistance.

The discussion took place in Great St Mary's Church, and marked the admission of the student to a position with new responsibilities, while the season of Lent was chosen with a view to bring this into prominence. The puritan party objected to the semi-ecclesiastical character of the proceedings, and in the course of the sixteenth century set themselves to bring the ceremony into disrepute. The part played by the questionist now became purely formal, though a serious debate still sometimes took place between the father of the senior questionist and a regent master who represented the University: this, however, came to be prefaced by a speech by the bachelor, who was now called Mr Tripos, just as we speak of a judge as the bench, or of a rower as an oar. Ultimately public opinion permitted Mr Tripos to say pretty much what he pleased, so long as it was not dull and was scandalous. The speeches he delivered or the verses he recited were generally printed and preserved by the registrary, and were known as the tripos verses: originally they referred to the subjects of the disputations then propounded. The earliest copies now extant are those for 1575.

The university officials, to whom the personal criticisms in which Mr Tripos indulged were by no means pleasing, repeatedly exhorted him to remember "while exercising his privilege of humour, to be modest withal." In 1710, says Mullinger[81], "the authorities after condemning the excessive license of the tripos announced that the comitia at Lent would in future be conducted in the Senate-House; and all members of the University, of whatever order or degree, were forbidden to assail or mock the disputants with scurrilous jokes or unseemly witticisms. About the year 1747-8, the moderators initiated the practice of printing the honour lists on the back of the sheets containing the tripos verses, and after the year 1755 this became the invariable practice. By virtue of this purely arbitrary connection these lists themselves became known as the tripos; and eventually the examination itself, of which they represented the results, also became known by the same designation."

Mr Tripos ceased to deliver his speech about 1750, but the issue of tripos verses continued for nearly 150 years longer. During the latter part of this time they consisted of four sets of verses, usually in Latin, but occasionally in Greek, in which current topics in the University were treated lightly or seriously as the writer thought fit. They were written for the proctors and moderators by undergraduates or commencing bachelors, each of whom was supposed to receive a pair of white kid gloves in recognition of his labours. Thus gradually the word tripos changed its meaning "from a thing of wood to a man, from a man to a speech, from a speech to sets of verses, from verses to a sheet of coarse foolscap paper, from a paper to a list of names, and from a list of names to a system of examination[82]."

In 1895 the proctors and moderators, without consulting the senate, sent in no verses, and thus, in spite of widespread regret, an interesting custom of many centuries standing was destroyed. In defence of this action, it was said that the custom had never been embodied in statute or ordinance, and thus was not obligatory, and further that its continuance was not of material benefit to anybody. Such arguments are not conclusive, and we may well regret the disappearance of historic ties unless it can be shown that they cause inconvenience, which of course in this case could not be asserted.

By way of supplement to the foregoing account, I append a list of those who have held or hold the various university mathematical chairs and lectureships.

The _Lucasian Professorship of Mathematics_ was founded in 1663 by Henry Lucas. The successive occupants of the chair have been: Isaac Barrow, 1664-1669; Isaac Newton, 1669-1702; William Whiston, 1702-1711; Nicholas Saunderson (Sanderson), 1711-1739; John Colson, 1739-1760; Edward Waring, 1760-1798; Isaac Milner, 1798-1820; Robert Woodhouse, 1820-1822; Thomas Turton, 1822-1826; George Biddell Airy, 1826-1828; Charles Babbage, 1828-1839; Joshua King, 1839-1849; George Gabriel Stokes, 1849-1903; Joseph Larmor, 1903 _et seq._

The _Plumian Professorship of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy_ was founded in 1704 by Thomas Plume. The successive occupants of the chair have been: Roger Cotes, 1707-1716; Robert Smith, 1716-1760; Anthony Shepherd, 1760-1796; Samuel Vince, 1796-1822; Robert Woodhouse, 1822-1828; George Biddell Airy, 1828-1836; James Challis, 1836-1883; George Howard Darwin, 1883-1912; Arthur Stanley Eddington, 1913 _et seq._

The _Lowndean Professorship of Astronomy and Geometry_ was founded in 1749 by Thomas Lowndes. The successive occupants of the chair have been: Roger Long, 1750-1771; John Smith, 1771-1795; William Lax, 1795-1836; George Peacock, 1836-1858; John Couch Adams, 1858-1892; Robert Stawell Ball, 1892-1913; Henry Frederick Baker, 1914 _et seq._

The _Sadleirian Professorship of Pure Mathematics_ was founded, in 1863 from a benefaction given in 1710 by Lady Sadleir. The successive occupants of the chair have been: Arthur Cayley, 1863-1895; Andrew Russell Forsyth, 1895-1910; Ernest William Hobson, 1910 _et seq._

The _Cavendish Professorship of Experimental Physics_ was founded in 1871 by the University; the laboratory attached being built at the expense of the then Chancellor, the Duke of Devonshire. The successive occupants of the chair have been: James Clerk Maxwell, 1871-1879; John William, Baron Rayleigh, 1879-1884; Joseph John Thomson, 1884 _et seq._

The _Professorship of Mechanism and Applied Mechanics_, with laboratories and shops attached, was founded by the University in 1875. The successive occupants of the chair have been: James Stuart, 1875-1890; James Alfred Ewing, 1890-1903; Bertram Hopkinson, 1903 _et seq._

Five _Lectureships in Mathematics_ were created in 1882 under the directions of Royal Commissioners, and subsequently two others (now reduced to one other) tenable, if desired, with one of the above, were founded. The successive holders have been: Joseph John Thomson, 1884; Andrew Russell Forsyth, 1884-1895; William Herrick Macaulay, 1884-1887; Richard Tetley Glazebrook, 1884-1898; Ernest William Hobson, 1884-1910; Joseph Larmor, 1885-1903; Richard Pendlebury, 1888-1901; Henry Frederick Baker, 1895-1914; Augustus Edward Hough Love, 1898-1899; Hector Munro Macdonald, 1899-1904; Herbert William Richmond, 1901 _et seq._; George Ballard Mathews, 1903-1905; James Hopwood Jeans, 1904-1906, 1910-1912; John Gaston Leathem, 1905-1909; Robert Alfred Herman, 1906 _et seq._; Edmund Taylor Whittaker, 1905-1906; Thomas James I'Anson Bromwich, 1909 _et seq._; John Hilton Grace, 1901 _et seq._; Godfrey Harold Hardy, 1914 _et seq._; Arthur Berry, 1914 _et seq._

[Footnote 34: The greater part of this chapter formerly appeared in my _Mathematical Recreations and Essays_, but a few paragraphs on "coaching" have been taken from a paper which I wrote for distribution to those who attended the International Congress of Mathematicians held in England in 1912. The subject is treated in Whewell's _Liberal Education_, Cambridge, three parts, 1845, 1850, 1853; Wordsworth's _Scholae Academicae_, Cambridge, 1877; my own _Origin and History of the Mathematical Tripos_, Cambridge, 1880; Glaisher's Presidential Address to the London Mathematical Society, _Transactions_, vol. XVIII, 1886, pp. 4-38; and my _History of the Study of Mathematics at Cambridge_, Cambridge, 1889.]

[Footnote 35: _Budget of Paradoxes_, by A. De Morgan, London, 1872, p. 305.]

[Footnote 36: See grace of 25 October 1680.]

[Footnote 37: _Ex. gr._ see De la Pryme's account of his graduation in 1694, _Surtees Society_, vol. LIV, 1870, p. 32.]

[Footnote 38: W. Reneu, in his letters of 1708-10 describing the course for the B.A. degree, makes no mention of the senate-house examination, and I think it is a reasonable inference that it had not then been established.]

[Footnote 39: _Memoirs of Richard Cumberland_, London, 1806, pp. 78-79.]

[Footnote 40: Quoted by C. Wordsworth, _Scholae Academicae_, Cambridge, 1877, pp. 30-31.]

[Footnote 41: _Anecdotes of the Life of Richard Watson_, London, 1817, pp. 18-19.]

[Footnote 42: See grace of 25 October 1883; and the _Cambridge University Reporter_, 23 October 1883.]

[Footnote 43: See grace of 11 February 1909, and the _Cambridge University Reporter_, 8 December 1908.]

[Footnote 44: _The Works of J. Jebb_, London, 1787, vol. II, pp. 290-297.]

[Footnote 45: "Emulation, which is the principle upon which the plan is constructed." _The Works of J. Jebb_, London, 1787, vol. III, p. 261.]

[Footnote 46: _The Works of J. Jebb_, London, 1787, vol. III, p. 272.]

[Footnote 47: See graces of 5 July 1773, and of 17 February 1774.]

[Footnote 48: See graces of 19, 20 March 1779.]

[Footnote 49: Notice issued by the vice-chancellor, dated 19 May 1779.]

[Footnote 50: The _Challis Manuscripts_, III, 61. There are two copies almost identical, one dated 1785, the other 1786. Probably the paper printed in the text was set in 1786.]

[Footnote 51: H. Gunning, _Reminiscences_, second edition, London, 1855, vol. I, p. 82.]

[Footnote 52: C. Wordsworth, _Scholae Academicae_, Cambridge, 1877, pp. 322-323.]

[Footnote 53: H. Gunning, _Reminiscences_, second edition, London, 1855, vol. I, p. 182.]

[Footnote 54: See grace of 8 April 1791.]

[Footnote 55: Communicated by the moderators to fathers of colleges on 18 January 1799, and agreed to by the latter.]

[Footnote 56: C. Wordsworth, _Scholae Academicae_, Cambridge, 1817, p. 123.]

[Footnote 57: _Anecdotes of the Life of Richard Watson_, London, 1817, p. 19.]

[Footnote 58: _Memoir of A. De Morgan_, London, 1882, pp. 387-392.]

[Footnote 59: See graces, 15 December 1808.]

[Footnote 60: S. Douglas, _Life of W. Whewell_, London, 1881, p. 20.]

[Footnote 61: For a contemporary account of this, see C.A. Bristed, _Five Years in an English University_, New York, 1852, pp. 233-239.]

[Footnote 62: See _ex. gr._ the grace of 14 November 1827, referred to below.]

[Footnote 63: _Proceedings of the Royal Society_, London, 1859, vol. IX, pp. 538-539.]

[Footnote 64: _Whewell's Writings and Correspondence_, ed. Todhunter, London, 1876, vol. II, p. 36.]

[Footnote 65: S. Douglas, _Life of Whewell_, London, 1881, p. 56.]

[Footnote 66: _Alma Mater_, London, 1827, vol. II, pp. 58-98.]

[Footnote 67: See _Nature_, vol. XXXV, 24 February 1887, pp. 397-399. See also his _Autobiography_, Cambridge, 1896, chapter ii.]

[Footnote 68: See grace, 14 November 1827.]

[Footnote 69: See grace, 21 May 1828, confirming a report of 27 March 1828.]

[Footnote 70: See grace of 31 October 1849.]

[Footnote 71: See grace of 6 April 1832.]

[Footnote 72: See grace of 30 May 1838.]

[Footnote 73: Under a badly-worded grace passed on 11 May 1842, on the recommendation of a syndicate on theological studies, candidates for mathematical honours were, after 1846, required to attend the poll examination on Paley's _Moral Philosophy_, the new testament and ecclesiastical history. This had not been the intention of the senate, and on 14 March 1855, a grace was passed making this clear.]

[Footnote 74: See grace of 13 May 1846, confirming a report of 23 March 1846.]

[Footnote 75: See grace of 31 October 1848.]

[Footnote 76: See grace of 2 June 1868. It was carried by a majority of only five in a house of 75.]

[Footnote 77: See graces of 17 May 1877; 29 May 1878; and 21 November 1878; and the _Cambridge University Reporter_, 2 April, 14 May, 4 June, 29 October, 12 November, and 26 November 1878.]

[Footnote 78: See graces of 13 December 1883; 12 June 1884; 10 February 1885; 29 October 1885; and 1 June 1886.]

[Footnote 79: See reports dated 7 November 1899, and 20 January 1900.]

[Footnote 80: See the reports of the special board, _Cambridge University Reporter_, 29 May and 20 November 1906, and the graces of 2 February 1907. The voting on the first grace was 776 placet and 644 non-placet.]

[Footnote 81: J.B. Mullinger, _The University of Cambridge_, Cambridge, vol. I, 1873, pp. 175-176.]

[Footnote 82: C. Wordsworth, _Scholae Academicae_, Cambridge, 1877, p. 21.]

INDEX

Abbot, Wm, 263. Acts, Scholastic, ch XV. Adams, J.C, 311, 315. Admonitions, Statutory, 221-4. Airy, G.B, 173, 293, 315. Alford, Hen, 174. Allen, Thos, 34. All Saints' Ch, Camb, 85. Alston Tankard, The, 123. Ambler, John, 224. Amos, Andrew, 130, 140. Analytical Society, 290. Anne of Denmark, 117. Ansill, Thos, 13. Apprenticeship, 187, 189. Arrington Vicarage, 11. Artistic Treasures, ch VI. Arts, Students in, 187, 188. Ascham, Roger, 203. Assessors, Trin. Coll, 127. Assistant Tutors, 44. Athletic Club, Trinity, 125, 126. Athletic Clubs, 174. Atterbury, Fras, 68. Attractions, Theory, 229, 234, 235. Auditors, Trin. Coll, ch VII. Aykerod Cup, The, 120.

Babbage, Chas, 290, 315. Babington, Gervase, 57. Backhouse, Jas, 42. Bacon, Arth, 165. Bacon, Fras, 108, 117, 165. Baker, H.F, 315, 316. Balfour, A.J, 112. Ball, R.S, 315. Balsham, Hugh de, 191. Bancroft, Rich, 61, 62. Bankes Ewer, The, 121. Barnes, E.W, 43. Barnes, J.W, 81. Barrington Vicarage, 12. Barrow, Isaac, 108, 109, 117, 150, 170, 171, 254, 315. Beaumont, Robt, 92, 93, 94, 106. Bedesmen, 18. Bedwell, Thos, 254. Bellot Tankard, The, 123. Bennet, Bishop, 57. Bennet Ewer, The, 121. Bensley, Jas, 224. Benson, E.W, 110, 111. Bentley, Rich, 41, 67, 68, 98, 111, 134, 135, 172, 239. Benton, Dan, 212. Berry, Art, 316. Best, H.D, 279. Bill, Wm, 49, 88, 91, 92. Billingsley, Hen, 254. Birching, 199-208, 210-214. Blackburn, Jas, 278. Blakesley, J.W, 81. Bland, Tobias, 214. Blundeville, Thos, 254. Board, Mathematical, 300, 301. Boat Club, The, 124, 125, 174. Bolland, Wm, 285. Bonnycastle's _Algebra_, 281, 284. Bottisham Vicarage, 11. Boude, Wm, 15, 16. Boxworth Rectory, 12. Boyle Cup, The, 122. Boys, Wm, 88. Brackets, System of, 271-272, 282-288, 295, 300. Brass, John, 255. Bridges, Simon, 17. Briggs, Hen, 254. Briggs, Simon, 17. Bristed, C.A, 174, 289. Bromwich, T.J.I'A, 316. Brooke, Rich, 128, 129, 131, 132. Brown, John, 81, 286. Browne, Galen, 223. Browne, I. Hawkins, 110, 111. Buckingham Ewer, The, 120. Buckley, Wm, 254. Bulaeus, 182. Burcham, T.B, 81. Burials in College, 103. Burnand, F.C, 174. Burnell, Edw, 128, 129, 130. Busby Cup, The, 121. Busby, Rich, 202. Butler, H.M, 115, 175. Butler, Miss, 100. Butler's _Analogy_, 219, 268. Byron, Lord, 109, 117.

Calculus, The, 289-292. Cambridge University, Beginnings of, ch XI. Camden, Marquess of, 112. Caroline, Queen, 138. Cartwright, Thos, 93, 165. Carus, Wm, 73, 74, 79, 81. Carver, Chas, 277. Cavendish Cup, The, 123. Cavendish Professorship, 316. Cayley, Art, 110, 111, 176, 311, 315. Cecil, Sir Wm, 51. Censer Boat, 87, 118. Central Forces, ch XIII. Challenge Plate, 124-126. Challis, Jas, 315. Challis MSS, 273. Chantrey, Fras, 116. Chapel Attendance, ch IV, 102. Chapel, Compulsory, ch IV, 204, 206, 207. Chapel, Trinity, ch V. Charles I, 96, 168. Charles II, 96, 107, 117. Charrington, John, 115. Cheadle Rectory, 12. Cheke, John, 4, 5, 17, 191. Chesterton Vicarage, 11. Christ Church Westminsters, ch III. Christopherson, John, 88, 91, 92. Cipriani, G.B, 116. Clairaut, A.C, 240. Clarence, Duke of, 174. Clark, J.W, 130, 143. Clarke, Sam, 254. Clarke's _Attributes_, 268. Clarkson Cup, The, 120. Classical Tripos, 295, 297. Clerke, Gilbert, 254. Coaches, Private, 307-310. Coke, Edw, 111, 165. Colleges, Early, 27, 191, 192. Colson, John, 315. Combination Rooms, 167. Commencement-House, 153. Commons, Out of, 216, 217, 219. Confessions, 219, 221. Conybeare, W.J, 76. Conyers, Tobias, 212. Corporal Punishments, 199-208, 210-215. Cotes, Roger, 98, 172, 254, 267, 315. Cotton, G.E.L, 76. Cowley, Abraham, 66, 111, 169. Cox, Rich, 202. Craig, John, 254. Cranworth, Lord, 173. Creighton, Robt, 39. Croyland Abbey, 91, 181. Cumberland, Rich, 262.

Dacres, Art, 254. Damer Cup, The, 123. Dance, Nath, 112. Darwin, G.H, 315. Dawson, John, 308. Days, Loss of, 217. Dealtry, Wm, 285, 286, 287. Deans, College, 28, 206-8, 219-20. De Aston, John, 155, 156, 160. De Bagshot, John, 155, 156. De Balsham, Hugh, 191. De Berwick, Rich, 155. De Beverley, Robt, 155, 160. Declaratio Computi, 128. De Croyland, Robt, 84, 85. De Durnford, Nich, 155. Dee, John, 254. De Gretford, Hen, 155. De Gretford, Ralph, 155. De Hull, John, 155. De Immeworth, John, 155. De Kelsey, John, 155. De Kingston, Edw, 155, 160. De la Pryme, Abraham, 259. De London, Phil, 155. De Morgan, Aug, 256, 284, 286. Denman, Geo, 130, 141. De Nottingham, Walter, 155. Derby, Henry Earl of, 110, 111. De Rome, Nich, 155. De Salisbury, John, 155. De Salisbury, Rich, 155. Descartes, René, 227, 236, 237. De Stanton, Hervey, 87. De Sutton, Hugh, 155. De Torterold, Jas, 155. De Torterold, John, 155. Devereux, Robt, 108, 165. Devonshire, Duke of, 316. D'Ewes, Simon, 208. De Winchester, David, 155, 160. De Windsor, Thos, 155. De Woodstock, John, 155. Dialectici, 16. Digges, Thos, 254. Discipline, ch XII, 27, 32, 33. Discommonsing, 216, 217, 219. Dissizaring, 216, 217. Distribucio Collegii, 13-22. Dobson, Wm, 81. Donaldson, J.W, 81. Douglas, Stair, 288, 292. Downing, Sir Geo, 131. Draghswerd, Wm, 155. Dryden, John, 111, 169, 219. Duport, Jas, 40, 169. Duport Salt, The, 121, 122.

Early University History, ch XI. Earnshaw, Sam, 298. Eddington, A.S, 315. Edward II, 84, 154. Edward III, 84, 115, 117, 163. Edward IV, 110. Edward VI, 87, 115, 164. Edward VII, 174. Elizabeth of York, 106, 115. Elizabeth, Queen, 48, 49, 90, 91, 92, 114, 115, 117, 144, 164, 167, 168. Ellethorpe, 213. Ellis, Wm, 129, 130, 133. Emerson, Wm, 268. Euclid's _Elements_, 271, 279, 281. Euler, Leonhard, 240. Essex, Earl of, 108, 165. Everett, Wm, 174. Ewing, J.A, 316. Eworth, Hans, 106, 115. Expulsions, 221-224.

Fairfax, Sir Thos, 97. Fakenham Rectory, 11. Farish, Wm, 285. Fees, College, in 1570, 36-37. Fellow-Commoners, 29, 34, 119. Fellows, Election of, 30. Fellowship Election in 1659, 39. Felmersham Vicarage, 11. Fenn, John, 263. Ferguson, Jas, 267. Field, Fred, 81. Fines, 215-216. Fiott (Lee), John, 285, 287. Firebrace Cup, The, 122. First Trinity Boat Club, 124, 125, 174. Fitzgerald, Edw, 173. Fitzgerald Tankard, The, 122. Flamsteed, John, 230, 254. Fletcher, Bishop, 57. Fletcher, W.M, 43. Flogging, 199-208, 210-214. Fluxions, 289-292. Foley Tankard, The, 123. Forsyth, A.R, 315, 316. Fort, John, 155. Foster, Michael, 110, 111. Foster, Sam, 254. Foundation of Trinity, ch I. Franciscan Monastery, 19, 184. Frazer, Sir Jas, 170. Frere, John, 265. Fuller, Thos, 93.

Galileo, 231, 232, 239. Galton, Fras, 110, 111, 174. Gating, 218-219. General Examination, 297. George I, 259. George III, 107. Gerrard, Mark, 115. Glaisher, J.W.L, 252. Glazebrook, R.T, 316. Glomerels, 181, 189-191. Gloucester, Duke of, 107, 112, 115. Goad, Roger, 204. Gooch, Wm, 276. Goodman, Gabriel, 52. Gordon, Douglas, 107. Gouldesborough, Edw, 57. Grace, J.H, 316. Graham, Robt, 129, 136. Grammar, Degrees in, 190, 191. Grammarians, 15, 16, 17, 28, 181, 189-191. Grammar School at Trinity, 15-17, 28, 30. Grammatici, 15, 16, 17, 28. Granby, Marquess of, 112, 113. Gravitation, Law of, ch XIII. Gray, 88. Greaves Cup, The, 123. Greaves, Wm, 129, 135, 136. Greek Authors read in 1570, 37. Green, Geo, 311. Grendon Vicarage, 11. Griffith, T, 133. Griffon, John, 155. Griffon, Thos, 155. Grigson, Thos, 215. Grote, John, 174. Grundisburgh Rectory, 12. Guilds, University, 188. Gulphing, 264. Gunning, Hen, 275, 278.

Hacket, John, 61. Halfhead, 223. Halifax, Earl of, 110. Hallam, A.H, 173. Halley, Edmund, 228, 230. Hamilton, Hugh, 267. Hardy, G.H, 316. Hare, J.C, 173. Harman, Rich, 15. Harvey, John, 254. Harwood, Busick, 285. Heath, J.M, 81. Helsham, Rich, 267. Henry I, 180. Henry II, 180. Henry VII, 106, 115. Henry VIII, 3, 48, 106, 162, 167. Herbert, Geo, 61, 169. Herkomer, H. von, 109. Herman, R.A, 316. Herschel, John, 290. Herschel, Wm, 240. Hill, Thos, 254. Hitch, Robt, 223. Hobson, E.W, 315, 316. Hodges, 213. Hodson, Wm, 273. Holbein, 106. Hon. Optimes, 257, 261, 296. Hood, Thos, 254. Hooke, Robt, 228. Hopkins, Wm, 308-310. Hopkinson, B, 316. Hornbuckle, T.W, 286, 287, 288. Horrox, Jeremiah, 254. Hort, F.J.A, 110, 111, 176. Hostels, Private, 27, 29, 192, 193, 195, 198, 199. Houghton, Lord, 173. Howson, J.S, 76. Huddling, 255, 258. Hughes, Fras, 129, 132. Humphrey Ewer, The, 120. Husbands Cup, The, 122. Hustler, J.D, 285. Hutton, Archbishop, 57. Huygens, Christian, 238. Hydrodynamics, Theory of, 230, 235, 236.

Impositions, 219-221. Ireland, Rich, 59.

Jacob, Edw, 287, 288, 289. James I, 54, 64, 66, 114, 117, 168. James II, 171. Jeans, J.H, 316. Jebb, John, 263, 267, 270, 271. Jebb, R.C, 110, 111, 170, 176. Jephson, Thos, 285. Joachim, Joseph, 110. John, King, 180. Johnson, 212. Jones, Thos, 110. Jurin, Jas, 254.

Kant, Immanuel, 242. Keate, John, 202. Keill, John, 267. Kelvin, Lord, 311. Kempthorne, John, 285. Kent Ewer, The, 120. Kepler's Problem, 234. King, C.W, 75. King, Joshua, 315. King, John, 59. Kinglake, A.W, 173. King's Hall, 3, 9-11, 20, 84-86, 144, 154-160, 162, 163. King's Scholars, _see_ King's Hall. Kneller, Godfrey, 112. Knight, Sam, 130, 137.

Lagrange, J.L, 239, 240, 290. Laplace, P.S, 241, 242, 290. Larmor, Joseph, 315, 316. Laszlö de Lombros, P.A, 112. Latin Authors read in 1570, 37. Laud, Wm, 94. Laughton, Rich, 254, 307. Laurence, R.V, 43. Lawrence, Thos, 112. Lax, Wm, 276, 315. Least Resistance, Solid of, 236. Leathem, J.G, 316. Lecture-Rooms, College, 44, 45. Lectures, College, 44-46. Lectureships, Mathematical, 253, 316. Lee (Fiott), John, 287. Leg, Thos, 93. Legendre, A.M, 290. Lever, Thos, 24. Library, Trinity, ch VIII, 104. Lightfoot, J.B, 101, 110, 111, 115, 170, 176. L'Isle, Denys, 129, 134, 135. Locke's _Essay_, 268, 275, 279. Lombard, Peter, 181. Long, Roger, 267, 315. Lonsdale, John, 112. Loss of Days or Terms, 218. Love, A.E.H, 316. Lowndes, Thos, 315. Lowndean Professorship, 315. Lucas, Hen, 315. Lucas, Rich, 277. Lucasian Professorship, 315. Lushington, E.L, 174. Lyndhurst Cup, The, 123. Lyndhurst, Lord, 173. Lyons, Israel, 268.

Macaulay, T.B, 117, 173. Macaulay, W.H, 316. Macclesfield, Earl of, 111. Macdonald, H.M, 316. Maclaurin, Colin, 267, 268. Man, Henry, 17. Mansel, W.L, 112, 217. Martin, Fras, 81. Martin, Theodore, 123. Marvell, Andrew, 169. Mary, Queen, 48, 88, 91, 108, 115, 164, 167. Mary of Scotland, 115. Mathematical Board, 300, 301. Mathematical Tripos, ch XV. Mathematics, Cambridge, ch XV. Mathews, G.B, 316. Maule, W.H, 173. Maurice, F.D, 110, 111. Maxwell, J. Clerk, 110, 111, 176, 311, 316. Maydew, John, 17. Mechanics, Theory of, 231-232. Mechanism Professorship, 316. Medieval Tutorial System, 27. Medieval University, Beginnings of, ch XI. Melbourne, Viscount, 110, 111. Merit, Order of, in Examinations, 261, 307. Mexborough Cup, The, 123. Mey, Wm, 5. Michael-House, 3, 11-13, 20, 86, 87, 162, 163. Milner, Isaac, 272, 315. Milnes, Monckton, 173. Milton, John, 213. Moderators, Mathematical, 258, 259, 260. Monasteries at Cambridge, 180, 181, 184, 185. Monks at University, 181, 185, 186, 187, 196. Moreton, Albert, 53. Morland, Sam, 254. Moro, Antonio, 106, 108. Motion, Laws of, 232. Mullinger, J.B, 179, 188, 313. Munro, H.A.J, 176. Murray, Thos, 112.

Nebular Hypothesis, 241, 242. Neile, Rich, 59. Nevile Cup, The, 119. Nevile, Robt, 212. Nevile, Thos, 53, 55, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 114, 149, 166, 167, 168. Nevile's Court, 151, 152. Newton, Isaac, 108, 112, 116, 170, 244-251, 267, 268, 281, 284, 287, 315. Newton, John, 134. Newton, Sam, 129, 132, 133, 134. Newton's _Principia_, ch XIII. Non-Regents, 183. Northampton, Earl of, 62. Numbers of Students, 41-44, 188.

Offley, Chris, 223. Opie, John, 112. Opponencies, 253. Optimes, ch XV. Optimes, Honorary, 257, 261, 296. Ordines Senioritatis, 261. Orleans, University of, 182. Orwell Rectory, 12. Oughtred, Wm, 252.

Paget, Sir Wm, 6. Paley, Wm, 265, 275, 279, 299. Parham, Peter, 213. Paris, University of, 182, 252. Parke, Jas, 130, 138, 139, 173. Parker, Matthew, 4, 5, 6, 7. Parker, Nich, 155. Parker, Roger, 155. Parne, Thos, 215. Parr, Queen Katherine, 6, 7. Paston, Clement, 201. Paulet Tankard, The, 123. Payne, 255. Peacock, Geo, 55, 81, 173, 179, 180, 182, 189, 276, 277, 290, 291, 315. Pearson, John, 108, 111, 170. Peckitt of York, 116. Peile, John, 213. Pell, John, 254. Penalties, ch XII. Pendlebury, Rich, 316. Pensioners, 29, 31, 33, 34. Pepys, Thos, 217. Perry, Chas, 76, 78, 79, 81, 82. Perry Plate, The, 124. Pheasaunt Tankard, The, 123. Philip of Spain, 108. Physwick's Hostel, 86, 87. Plate, College, ch VI. Plume, Thos, 315. Plumian Professorship, 315. Poll-Men, _see_ ch XV. Pollock, J.F, 173, 284, 287. Porson, Rich, 114, 172. Portraits, College, ch VI. Pour, Nich, 155. Pour, Rich, 155. Pour, Wm, 155. Pre-elections, 59, 60, 62, 64. Prime and Ultimate Ratios, 232. _Principia_ of Newton, ch XIII. Prior, Matthew, 112. Private Tutors, 307-310. Professors' Examinations, 297. Pull, Nich, 155.

Raeburn, Hen, 109. Raine, Matthew, 110. Rait, R.S, 200. Rashdall, Hastings, 179, 199, 220. Ray, John, 169, 215. Rayleigh, Lord, 316. Rayleigh Prizes, 266. Record, Robt, 254. Redman, Bishop, 57. Redman, John, 5, 9, 11, 13, 20, 24, 88, 92. Regents, 183. Religious Students, 27. Remée, 107. Reneu, Wm, 259. Resisting Mediums, 235-236. Respondents, 253. Reynolds, Joshua, 107, 112. Rhetoric, Degrees in, 190, 191. Richard III, 110. Richard, Duke of York, 110. Richardson, John, 65, 66. Richmond, H.W, 316. Ring, Mrs, 112. Rod, Punishment by, 199-208, 210-214. Romney, Geo, 115. Rooke, Laurence, 254. Rose, C.L, 76. Rosekin, Andrew, 155. Roubiliac, L.F, 116. Routh, E.J, 308-310. Rud, Bishop, 57. Rustication, 221-224. Rutherford, Wm, 267.

Sadleir, Lady, 315. Sadleirian Professorship, 315. St Mary's Ch, Camb, 11. St Michael's Ch, Camb, 12, 87, 98, 101. Salisbury, Earl of, 55, 62. Sanderson, Nich, _see_ Saunderson. Sandwich Cup, The, 122. Saunderson, Nich, 254, 268, 315. Scholars, Election of, 30, 31. Scholefield, Jas, 173. Scot, Major, 97. Sedgwick, Adam, 81, 110, 111, 173. Senate-House, 153, 260. Senate-House Examination, ch XV. Servant Students, 28. Seymour, Queen Jane, 106. Shaw-Lefevre, J.G, 130, 140, 141. Shepherd, Anth, 315. Shirley, Walsingham, 61, 223. Sides, Tutorial, 42, 43. Sidgwick, Hen, 110, 111, 176. Simeon, Chas, 74, 112. Simpson, Thos, 268, 284. Sizars, 28. Sloane Tankard, The, 123. Smith, Elismar, 103. Smith, John, 315. Smith, Robt, 111, 172, 254, 265, 267, 315. Smith, Thos, 4, 5. Smith's Prizes, 266. Solar System, ch XIII. Solomon, Proverbs of, 203. Somerset, Duke of, 112, 113, 114. Sophia, Princess, 107, 108. S.P.C.U. ch IV, 101. Special Examinations, 297. Spectrum Analysis, 242-243. Spedding, Jas, 173. Spicer, Robt, 129, 132. Stangs, 214-215. Statutes, Trinity, 1552, 30, 31. " " 1554, 33. " " 1560, 33, 34. " " 1844, 35, 175, " " 1861, 35, 175. " " 1882, 35, 175. Stephen, Leslie, 174. Stevinus, Simon, 231. Still, Bishop, 57. Stocks, 214-215. Stokes, G.G, 315. Stuart, Bernard, 119, 124. Stuart, Jas, 316. Stuart, John, 119, 124. Subsizars, 28. Sussex, Duke of, 112. Sylvester, J.J, 311.

Tavel, G.F, 287. Taylor, Brook, 254. Taylor Tankard, The, 123. Taylor, Tom, 174. Tennyson, Alf, 108, 115, 117, 174. Tennyson, Chas, 174. Tennyson, Fred, 174. Terms, loss of, 217. Thackeray, W.M, 170, 173. Thirlwall, Connop, 71, 72, 73, 83, 173. Thompson, W.H, 81, 109, 114, 174, 175, 176. Thomson, J.J, 316. Thomson, Wm, 311. Thorp, Thos, 73, 81, 307, 308. Thorwaldsen, Bertel, 117. Tindal, N.C, 76, 130, 137, 173. Tisserand, F.T, 241. Todhunter, Isaac, 302. Treasures, College, ch VI. Trench, R.C, 173. Trentine Disputes, 188, 189. Trinity Athletic Clubs, 124-126, 174. Trinity College, Foundation, ch I. Trinity College, History of, ch X. Trinity College, Numbers at, 163. Tripos, Mathematical, ch XV. Tripos, Origin of Name, 311-314. Trot, Warin, 160. Tunstall, Cuthbert, 253. Turner, Joseph, 286. Turton, Thos, 315. Tusser, Thos, 202, 210. Tutorial System, ch II. Tutors, College, ch II. Tutors, Private, 45, 307-310.

Udall, Nich, 202.

Vanderbank, John, 108. Vandyke, A, 119. VanSittart, A.A, 130, 140. Van Somer, Paul, 108. Vaughan, C.J, 110, 111. Verdon, Thos, 215. Verney Cup, The, 122. Vernon Tankard, The, 123. Victoria, Queen, 69. Vince, Sam, 284, 287, 315. Vortices, Cartesian, 227, 230, 236, 237, 238.

Wakefield, Thos, 17. Walker, Rich, 99. Walling, 218. Wallis, John, 254. Walpole, Horace, 107. Walsh, B.D, 81. Walter, Hen, 285, 286. Ward, Seth, 254. Waring, Edw, 263, 277, 281, 286, 287, 315. Watson, Rich, 264, 279, 307. Watts, G.F, 108. Waves, 230, 236. Wensleydale, Lord, 130, 138, 139, 173. West, Robt, 93. Westcott, B.F, 101, 110, 111, 176. Westlake, John, 110, 111. Westminster Gowns, 68. Westminster Scholars, ch III, 248. Westminster School, ch III. Whetham, W.C.D, 43. Whewell, Wm, 69, 72, 73, 81, 108, 110, 111, 117, 174, 175, 221, 252, 287, 288, 289, 291, 292. Whisson, Stephen, 42. Whiston, Wm, 254, 315. Whitgift, John, 36, 51, 93, 94, 165, 166, 210. Whittaker, E.T, 316. Wilkins, John, 40, 111, 112. William I, 179. Williams, Joshua, 138. Willis and Clark, 143, 152. Willis, Robt, 90. Wilson, John, 287, 307. Windows, Chapel, 91, 93, 102, 115, 116. Winthrop, Adam, 128, 129, 130, 131. Wollaston, F.J.H, 285. Wood, Jas, 277, 284, 286. Woodhouse, Robt, 286, 287, 290, 315. Wordsworth, Chris (1), 71, 72, 73, 74, 81. Wordsworth, Chris (2), 252, 263, 275, 279, 314. Wordsworth, John, 81. Wranglers, ch XV. Wren, Chris, ch VIII, 228. Wright, Edw, 254. Wright, J.M.F, 100, 174, 219, 293.

Yool, G.V, 130, 142. York, Richard Duke of, 110.

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Transcriber's notes:

Both "primâ facie" and "prima facie" retained in line with the author's inconsistent usage. Hyphenation of commonwealth/common-wealth not regularised because the latter form occurs only within a quote from a seventeenth-century source.

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