PART IV

_COMMON BRITISH MOTHS_

XVII. SPHINGES 203

XVIII. BOMBYCES 217

XIX. THE NOCTUAE 239

XX. GEOMETRAE 268

XXI. THE MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA 290

APPENDICES

I. COMPLETE CLASSIFIED LIST OF BRITISH MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA 309

II. THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR 326

REFERENCES TO COLOURED PLATES 347

INDEX 351

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

_COLOURED PLATES_

1-7. BRITISH BUTTERFLIES _Frontispiece_ 8. LARVAE AND PUPAE OF BRITISH BUTTERFLIES } 9. SPHINGES } 10. BOMBYCES } _At end_ 11. NOCTUAE } 12. NOCTUA AND GEOMETRAE }

_Full references accompany the Plates._

_ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT_

FIG. PAGE

1. SCALES FROM THE WINGS OF BUTTERFLIES 1 2. PORTION OF THE WING OF A BUTTERFLY FROM WHICH SOME OF THE SCALES HAVE BEEN REMOVED 2 3. BODY OF A BUTTERFLY--UNDER SIDE 3 4. SECTION OF THE EYE OF AN INSECT 4 5. ANTENNAE OF BUTTERFLIES 5 6. ANTENNAE OF MOTHS 5 7. SECTION OF THE PROBOSCIS OF A BUTTERFLY 7 8. DIAGRAM OF THE WINGS OF A BUTTERFLY 9 9. THE UNDEVELOPED FORE LEG OF A BUTTERFLY 10 10. THE FOUR STAGES OF THE LARGE WHITE BUTTERFLY (_Pieris Brassicae_) 14 11. EGG OF THE MEADOW BROWN BUTTERFLY 20 12. EGG OF THE SPECKLED WOOD BUTTERFLY 20 13. EGG OF THE VAPOURER MOTH 20 14. THE CATERPILLAR OF THE CLOUDED YELLOW BUTTERFLY 22 15. THE CATERPILLAR OF THE DARK GREEN FRITILLARY BUTTERFLY 23 16. THE CATERPILLAR OF THE PURPLE EMPEROR BUTTERFLY 24 17. AN ICHNEUMON FLY (_Cryptus Migrator_) 25 18. ANOTHER ICHNEUMON FLY (_Pimpla Instigator_) 25 19. THE CATERPILLAR OF THE ANGLE SHADES MOTH (_Meticulosa_) 26 20. WALKING LEG OF A CATERPILLAR 28 21. LARVA OF THE YELLOW UNDERWING MOTH (_Pronuba_) 28 22. LARVA OF THE CRIMSON SPECKLED MOTH (_Pulchella_) 28 23. LARVA OF THE LOBSTER MOTH (_Fagi_) 28 24. CATERPILLAR OF THE IRON PROMINENT MOTH (_Dromedarius_) 29 25. LARVA OF THE BRIMSTONE MOTH (_Luteolata_) 29 26. THE CLASPERS OF A CATERPILLAR 30 27. THE HOMES OF LEAF MINERS AND LEAF ROLLERS 33 28. THE COCOON OF THE EMPEROR MOTH 40 29. THE COCOON OF THE SIX-SPOTTED BURNET (_Filipendulae_) 40 30. THE PUPA OF THE PRIVET HAWK (_Ligustri_) 44 31. THE CHRYSALIS OF THE LARGE WHITE BUTTERFLY (_Brassicae_) 44 32. THE PUPA OF THE DARK GREEN FRITILLARY (_Aglaia_) 45 33. THE PUPA OF THE BLACK-VEINED WHITE BUTTERFLY (_Crataegi_) 45 34. THE PUPA OF THE CURRANT MOTH 45 35. PUPA OF THE PALE TUSSOCK MOTH (_Pudibunda_) 45 36. A BUTTERFLY, JUST AFTER EMERGING 50 37. A BUTTERFLY AT REST (LARGE COPPER) 57 38. A MOTH AT REST (GOTHIC) 57 39. A WIRE FRAME FOR A BUTTERFLY NET 65 40. STICK FOR THE NET 65 41. THE METAL Y 66 42. PATTERN FOR THE NET 67 43. THE CYANIDE BOTTLE 68 44. SECTION OF THE LAUREL BOX 70 45. THE CHLOROFORM BOTTLE 72 46. } 47. } FITTINGS FOR THE COLLECTING BOX 75 48. } 49. } 50. FRAME OF NET FOR COLLECTING INSECTS ON LAMPS AND WINDOWS 87 51. A TRAP FOR CATCHING MOTHS 88 52. METAL JOINT FOR LANTERN AND NET 91 53. NET AND LANTERN FOR TAKING MOTHS FROM HIGH BLOSSOMS 91 54. FRAME FOR THE SUGARING NET 94 55. CAGE FOR DECOY FEMALES 96 56. A SUGAR TRAP 96 57. A LARVA GLASS 114 58. A LARVA GLASS 114 59. A LARVA CAGE 115 60. SECTION OF A SETTING BOARD 123 61. SECTIONS OF SETTING BOARDS 123 62. A BUTTERFLY ON THE SETTING BOARD 124 63. ANOTHER METHOD OF SETTING BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS 126 64. A BLOWPIPE FOR LARVAE 131 65. THE BATH WHITE--UNDER SIDE 147 66. THE CLOUDED YELLOW--FEMALE 151 67. THE SMALL PEARL-BORDERED FRITILLARY--UNDER SIDE 155 68. THE PEARL-BORDERED FRITILLARY--UNDER SIDE 156 69. THE QUEEN OF SPAIN FRITILLARY--UNDER SIDE 157 70. THE DARK-GREEN FRITILLARY--UNDER SIDE 158 71. THE HIGH-BROWN FRITILLARY 159 72. THE SILVER-WASHED FRITILLARY--UNDER SIDE 160 73. THE GREASY FRITILLARY--UNDER SIDE 161 74. The GLANVILLE FRITILLARY--UNDER SIDE 162 75. THE COMMA--UNDER SIDE 164 76. THE PURPLE EMPEROR--UNDER SIDE 172 77. THE MARBLED WHITE--UNDER SIDE 174 78. THE WOOD ARGUS--UNDER SIDE 176 79. THE GRAYLING--UNDER SIDE 178 80. THE LARGE HEATH--UNDER SIDE 179 81. THE RINGLET--UPPER SIDE 180 82. THE MARSH RINGLET--UNDER SIDE 181 83. THE BROWN HAIRSTREAK--MALE 184 84. THE WHITE-LETTER HAIRSTREAK 184 85. THE PURPLE HAIRSTREAK--MALE 186 86. THE GREEN HAIRSTREAK 186 87. THE TAILED BLUE--UNDER SIDE 188 88. THE SILVER-STUDDED BLUE--UNDER SIDE 189 89. THE COMMON BLUE--UNDER SIDE 191 90. THE CLIFDEN BLUE--UNDER SIDE 191 91. THE CHALK-HILL BLUE--UNDER SIDE 192 92. THE HOLLY BLUE--UNDER SIDE 193 93. THE MAZARINE BLUE--UNDER SIDE 194 94. THE SMALL BLUE--UNDER SIDE 194 95. THE LARGE BLUE--UNDER SIDE 195 96. THE SILVER-SPOTTED SKIPPER--UNDER SIDE 201 97. THE DEATH'S-HEAD HAWK MOTH 205 98. THE LARVA OF ATROPOS 206 99. THE CATERPILLAR OF EUPHORBIAE 207 100. THE SMALL ELEPHANT HAWK MOTH 208 101. THE POPLAR HAWK 209 102. THE BROAD-BORDERED BEE HAWK 212 103. THE HORNET CLEARWING OF THE POPLAR 213 104. THE CURRANT CLEARWING 213 105. THE FORESTER 214 106. THE SIX-SPOTTED BURNET 215 107. THE LARVA OF FILIPENDULAE 215 108. THE GREEN SILVER-LINED 217 109. THE SHORT-CLOAKED MOTH 218 110. THE MUSLIN MOTH 218 111. THE COMMON FOOTMAN 219 112. THE LARVA OF JACOBAEAE 219 113. THE SCARLET TIGER 220 114. THE BUFF ERMINE 222 115. THE WHITE ERMINE 222 116. THE GHOST SWIFT--FEMALE 223 117. THE COMMON SWIFT 224 118. THE GOAT MOTH 225 119. THE LARVA OF LIGNIPERDA (LESS THAN HALF FULL SIZE) 225 120. THE LEOPARD MOTH 226 121. THE LARVA OF PYRINA (ONLY PARTLY GROWN) 226 122. THE BROWN TAIL 227 123. THE GIPSY--MALE 227 124. THE BLACK ARCHES--MALE 228 125. THE VAPOURER MOTH--MALE 228 126. THE FEMALE VAPOURER 228 127. LARVA OF THE VAPOURER MOTH 229 128. THE DRINKER--MALE 230 129. THE OAK HOOK TIP 233 130. THE CHINESE CHARACTER 233 131. THE POPLAR KITTEN 234 132. THE PUSS MOTH 235 133. THE COXCOMB PROMINENT 235 134. THE LARVA OF BUCEPHALA 236 135. THE CHOCOLATE TIP 237 136. THE PEACH BLOSSOM 237 137. THE YELLOW HORNED 238 138. THE MARBLED BEAUTY 240 139. THE GREY DAGGER 240 140. THE POPLAR GREY 241 141. THE FIGURE OF EIGHT 241 142. THE BROWN-LINE BRIGHT-EYE 242 143. THE SMOKY WAINSCOT 243 144. THE COMMON WAINSCOT 243 145. THE BULLRUSH 244 146. THE FROSTED ORANGE 245 147. THE FLAME 245 148. THE LIGHT ARCHES 246 149. THE FLOUNCED RUSTIC 246 150. THE CABBAGE MOTH 247 151. THE DOT 247 152. THE RUSTIC SHOULDER-KNOT 248 153. THE MARBLED MINOR 248 154. THE MOTTLED RUSTIC 249 155. THE TURNIP MOTH 250 156. THE HEART AND DART 251 157. THE GARDEN DART 251 158. THE FLAME SHOULDER 252 159. THE LESSER BROAD BORDER 252 160. THE LESSER YELLOW UNDERWING 253 161. THE GOTHIC 254 162. THE OLD LADY 254 163. THE COMMON QUAKER 255 164. THE CHESTNUT 256 165. THE PINK-BARRED SALLOW 256 166. THE DUN-BAR 257 167. THE BROAD-BARRED WHITE 257 168. THE ANGLE SHADES 258 169. THE GREY ARCHES 259 170. THE SHEARS 260 171. THE BRIGHT-LINE BROWN-EYE 260 172. THE EARLY GREY 261 173. THE SHARK 262 174. THE BURNISHED BRASS 263 175. THE SILVER Y 264 176. THE RED UNDERWING 266 177. THE LIGHT EMERALD 270 178. THE AUGUST THORN 271 179. THE PEPPERED MOTH 272 180. THE WILLOW BEAUTY 273 181. THE LARGE EMERALD 274 182. THE COMMON EMERALD 274 183. THE LACE BORDER 275 184. THE RIBAND WAVE 276 185. THE BLOOD-VEIN 276 186. THE COMMON WAVE 277 187. THE CLOUDED SILVER 277 188. THE V MOTH 278 189. THE COMMON HEATH 279 190. THE BORDERED WHITE--MALE 279 191. THE CURRANT MOTH 280 192. THE SPRING USHER 281 193. THE MARCH MOTH 282 194. THE NOVEMBER MOTH 282 195. THE TWIN-SPOT CARPET 283 196. THE GRASS RIVULET 283 197. THE NETTED PUG 284 198. THE NARROW-WINGED PUG 284 199. THE BRINDLED PUG 284 200. THE SMALL SERAPHIM 285 201. THE BLUE-BORDERED CARPET 285 202. THE BEAUTIFUL CARPET 286 203. THE COMMON CARPET 286 204. THE SILVER GROUND CARPET 287 205. THE GARDEN CARPET 287 206. THE YELLOW SHELL 288 207. THE SMALL PH[OE]NIX 288 208. THE SMALL MALLOW 289 209. THE TABBY OR GREASE MOTH 291 210. THE MEAL MOTH 292 211. THE SMALL MAGPIE 292 212. THE MOTHER-OF-PEARL 293 213. THE GARDEN PEBBLE 293 214. THE BEAUTIFUL CHINA MARK 294 215. GONODACTYLA 295 216. OSTEODACTYLUS 295 217. PENTADACTYLA 295 218. HEXADACTYLA--ENLARGED 296 219. PHRAGMITELLUS--ENLARGED ONE-HALF 297 220. HAMELLUS--SLIGHTLY ENLARGED 297 221. TRISTELLUS 297 222. HORTUELLUS 298 223. MELLONELLA 298 224. XYLOSTEANA WITH WINGS CLOSED 299 225. VIRIDANA 300 226. CRISTANA--ENLARGED 300 227. LECHEANA 300 228. PRUNIANA 300 229. SALICELLA 301 230. OCTOMACULANA--ENLARGED 301 231. CIRSIANA--ENLARGED 302 232. POMONELLA 302 233. ZOEGANA--ENLARGED 302 234. FAGELLA 303 235. CUPRELLA 304 236. PADELLUS 304 237. NERVOSA--TWICE NATURAL SIZE 304 238. GEOFFRELLA 305 239. IBIPENNELLA--ENLARGED 305 240. COMPLANELLA--ENLARGED 306 241. AURELLA--ENLARGED 307