Part 34

The Textile Industries of the United States at Decennial Periods, 303 1850 to 1900.

[Compiled from Census Reports.]

=====================+=====+==========+=============+=========+ | | Number of| |Number of| |Year.|establish-| Capital. | wage- | | | ments. | | earners.| ---------------------+-----+----------+-------------+---------+ Wool manufacture[Z] | 1850| 1,760 | $ 32,516,366| 47,763 | | 1860| 1,673 | 42,849,932| 59,522 | | 1870| 3,456 | 132,382,319| 119,859 | | 1880| 2,689 | 159,091,869| 161,557 | | 1890| 2,489 | 296,494,481| 213,859 | | 1900| 2,335 | 392,040,353| 242,495 | | 1905| 2,292 | 477,525,222| 283,691 | | | | | | Cotton manufacture[A]| 1850| 1,094 | 74,500,931| 92,286 | | 1860| 1,091 | 98,585,269| 122,028 | | 1870| 956 | 140,706,291| 135,369 | | 1880| 756 | 208,280,346| 174,659 | | 1890| 905 | 354,020,842| 218,876 | | 1900| 1,055 | 467,240,157| 802,861 | | 1905| 1,154 | 613,110,655| 315,874 | | | | | | Silk manufacture | 1850| 67 | 678,300| 1,743 | | 1860| 139 | 2,926,980| 5,435 | | 1870| 86 | 6,231,130| 6,649 | | 1880| 382 | 19,125,300| 31,337 | | 1890| 472 | 51,007,537| 49,382 | | 1900| 483 | 81,082,201| 65,416 | | 1905| 624 | 109,556,621| 79,601 | | | | | | Dyeing and finishing | | | | | textiles | 1850| 104 | 4,818,350| 5,105 | | 1860| 124 | 5,718,671| 7,097 | | 1870| 292 | 18,374,503| 13,066 | | 1880| 191 | 26,223,981| 16,698 | | 1890| 248 | 38,450,800| 19,601 | | 1900| 298 | 60,643,104| 29,776 | | 1905| 360 | 88,708,576| 35,563 | | | | | Flax, hemp and jute | 1890| 162 | 27,731,649| 15,519 | | 1900| 141 | 41,991,762| 20,903 | | 1905| 133 | 54,423,531| 24,508 | | | | | | Combined textiles | 1850| 3,025 | 112,513,947| 146,877 | | 1860| 3,027 | 150,080,852| 194,082 | | 1870| 4,790 | 297,694,243| 274,943 | | 1880| 4,018 | 412,721,496| 384,251 | | 1890| 4,276 | 767,705,310| 517,237 | | 1900| 4,312 |1,042,997,577| 661,451 | | 1905| 4,563 |1,343,324,605| 739,239 | ---------------------+-----+----------+-------------+---------+ =====================+=====+===========+===========+============= | | | Cost of | Value of |Year.| Wages. | materials.| products. | | | | ---------------------+-----+-----------+-----------+------------- Wool manufacture[Z] | 1850| -- |$29,246,696| $ 49,636,881 | 1860|$13,361,602| 46,649,365| 80,734,606 | 1870| 40,357,235|134,154,615| 217,668,826 | 1880| 47,389,087|164,371,551| 267,252,913 | 1890| 70,917,894|203,095,572| 337,768,524 | 1900| 82,292,444|232,230,986| 392,473,050 | 1905|102,333,548|319,154,878| 517,492,142 | | | | Cotton manufacture[A]| 1850| -- | 34,835,056| 61,869,184 | 1860| 23,940,108| 57,285,534| 115,681,774 | 1870| 39,044,132|111,736,936| 177,489,789 | 1880| 42,040,510|102,206,347| 192,090,110 | 1890| 66,024,538|154,912,979| 267,981,724 | 1900| 86,689,752|176,551,527| 339,200,320 | 1905| 96,205,796|286,255,303| 450,467,704 | | | Silk manufacture | 1850| -- | 1,093,866| 1,809,476 | 1860| 1,050,224| 3,901,777| 6,607,771 | 1870| 1,942,286| 7,817,559| 12,210,662 | 1880| 9,146,705| 22,467,701| 41,033,045 | 1890| 17,762,441| 51,004,425| 87,298,454 | 1900| 20,982,194| 62,406,665| 107,256,258 | 1905| 26,767,943| 75,861,188| 188,288,072 | | | | Dyeing and finishing | | | | textiles | 1850| -- | 11,540,347| 15,454,430 | 1860| 2,001,528| 5,005,435| 11,716,463 | 1870| 5,221,538| 99,539,992| 113,017,537 | 1880| 6,474,364| 13,664,295| 32,297,420 | 1890| 8,911,720| 12,385,220| 28,900,460 | 1900| 12,726,316| 17,958,137| 44,963,331 | 1905| 15,469,205| 19,621,253| 50,849,545 | | | Flax, hemp and jute | 1890| 4,872,389| 26,148,344| 37,313,021 | 1900| 6,331,741| 32,197,885| 47,601,607 | 1905| 8,580,785| 44,890,546| 62,939,329 | | | | Combined textiles | 1850| -- | 76,715,959| 128,769,971 | 1860| 40,353,462|112,842,111| 214,740,614 | 1870| 86,565,191|353,249,102| 520,386,764 | 1880|105,050,666|302,709,894| 532,673,488 | 1890|168,488,982|447,546,540| 759,262,283 | 1900|209,022,447|521,345,200| 931,494,566 | 1905|249,357,277|745,783,168|1,215,036,792 ---------------------+-----+-----------+-----------+-------------

[Z] Includes hosiery and knit goods.

[A] Includes cotton small wares.

Cotton Manufactures in the United States, 1870 to 1905. 304

[From official reports of the United States Census Office.]

========================+============+============+==============+ | 1870. | 1880. | 1890. | ------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+ Number of establishments| 956| 756| 905| Capital |$140,706,291|$208,280,346| $354,020,843| Wage-earners, average | | | | number | 135,369| 174,659| 218,876| Total wages | $39,044,132| $42,040,510| $66,024,538| Cost of materials used |$111,736,936|$102,206,347| $154,912,979| Value of products |$177,489,739|$192,090,110| $267,981,724| Active spindles, number | 7,132,415| 10,653,435| 14,188,103| Looms, number | 157,310| 225,759| 324,866| Cotton consumed, bales | -- | 1,570,344| 2,261,600| Cotton consumed, pounds | 398,308,257| 759,343,981| 1,117,945,776| ------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+ ========================+==============+============== | 1900. | 1905. ------------------------+--------------+-------------- Number of establishments| 973| 1,077 Capital | $460,842,772| $605,100,164 Wage-earners, average | | number | 297,929| 310,458 Total wages | $85,126,310| $94,377,696 Cost of materials used | $178,441,390| $282,047,648 Value of products | $332,806,156| $442,451,218 Active spindles, number | 19,008,352| 23,155,613 Looms, number | 450,682| 640,910 Cotton consumed, bales | 3,639,495| 3,743,089 Cotton consumed, pounds | 1,814,002,512| 1,873,074,716 ------------------------+--------------+--------------

Silk Manufactures in the United States, 1870 to 1905.

[From official reports of the United States Census Office.]

========================+============+============+==============+ | 1870. | 1880. | 1890. | ------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+ | | | | Number of establishments| 86| 382| 472 | Capital | $6,231,180| $19,125,300| $51,007,537| Wage-earners, average number | 6,649| 31,337| 49,382 | Total wages | $1,942,286| $9,146,705| $17,762,441 | Cost of materials used | $7,817,559| $22,467,701| $51,004,425 | Value of products | $12,210,662| $41,033,045| $87,298,454 | Raw silk used, pounds | 684,488| 2,690,482| 6,376,881 | ------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+ ========================+=============+============== | 1900. | 1905. ------------------------+-------------+-------------- | | Number of establishments| 483| 624 Capital | $81,082,201| $109,556,621 Wage-earners, average number | 65,416| 79,601 Total wages | $20,982,194| $26,767,943 Cost of materials used | $62,406,665| $75,861,188 Value of products | $107,256,258| $133,288,072 Raw silk used, pounds | 9,760,770| 11,572,783 ------------------------+-------------+--------------

Cotton Production and Manufacturing in the United States, also Imports and Exports of Cotton Manufactures.

[From the Statistical Abstract of the United States.]

======+==========+======================+===========+===========+=========== | | Taken for home | | | | | consumption. | | | | Total +-------+-------+------+ Raw | Exports | Imports |commercial| By | By | | cotton | of manu- | of manu- | crop. |North- |South- |Total.| imported. | factures | factures | | ern | ern | | | of cotton.| of cotton. | |mills. |mills. | | | | | | | | | | | ------+----------+-------+-------+------+-----------+-----------+----------- | In thousands of bales. | Pounds. | Dollars. | Dollars. +----------+-------+-------+------+-----------+-----------+----------- 1884 | 5,713 | 1,537 | 340 | 1,877| 7,019,492| 11,885,211| 29,074,626 1885 | 5,706 | 1,437 | 316 | 1,753| 5,115,680| 11,836,591| 27,197,241 1886 | 6,575 | 1,781 | 381 | 2,162| 5,072,334| 13,959,934| 29,709,266 1887 | 6,499 | 1,687 | 401 | 2,088| 3,924,531| 14,929,342| 28,940,353 1888 | 7,047 | 1,805 | 456 | 2,261| 5,497,592| 13,013,189| 28,917,799 1889 | 6,939 | 1,790 | 480 | 2,270| 7,973,039| 10,212,644| 26,805,942 1890 | 7,297 | 1,780 | 545 | 2,325| 8,606,049| 9,999,277| 29,918,055 1891 | 8,674 | 2,027 | 613 | 2,640| 20,908,817| 13,604,857| 29,712,624 1892 | 9,018 | 2,172 | 684 | 2,856| 28,663,769| 13,226,277| 28,323,841 1893 | 6,664 | 1,652 | 723 | 2,375| 43,367,952| 11,809,355| 33,560,293 1894 | 7,532 | 1,580 | 711 | 2,291| 27,705,949| 14,340,886| 22,346,547 1895 | 9,837 | 2,019 | 852 | 2,871| 49,332,022| 13,789,810| 33,196,625 1896 | 7,147 | 1,605 | 900 | 2,605| 55,350,520| 16,837,396| 32,437,504 1897 | 8,706 | 1,793 | 999 | 2,792| 51,898,926| 21,037,678| 34,429,363 1898 | 11,216 | 2,211 | 1,254 | 3,465| 52,660,363| 17,024,092| 27,267,300 1899 | 11,256 | 2,217 | 1,415 | 3,632| 50,158,158| 23,566,914| 32,054,434 1900 | 9,422 | 2,047 | 1,597 | 3,644| 67,398,521| 24,003,087| 41,296,239 1901 | 10,839 | 1,964 | 1,583 | 3,647| 46,631,283| 20,272,418| 40,246,935 1902 | 10,768 | 2,066 | 2,017 | 4,083| 98,715,680| 32,108,362| 44,460,126 1903 | 10,674 | 1,966 | 1,958 | 3,924| 74,874,426| 32,216,304| 52,462,755 1904 | 10,002 | 2,046 | 1,889 | 3,935| 48,840,590| 22,403,718| 49,524,246 1905 | 13,654 | 2,292 | 2,270 | 4,562| 60,508,548| 49,668,080| 48,919,986 1906 | 11,234 | 2,335 | 2,292 | 4,627| 70,963,633| 52,944,038| 63,043,322 1907 | 13,540 | 2,510 | 2,495 | 5,005|104,791,784| 32,305,412| 73,704,636 ------+----------+-------+-------+------+-----------+-----------+-----------

Iron and Steel Manufacturing in the U. S.: Comparative Summary, 1870 305 to 1905, with per cent of increase for each decade.[B]

[From the United States Census.]

=============================+========================================== | Date of census. | +------------+------------+---------------+ | 1870.[C] | 1880.[C] | 1890. | | | | | -----------------------------+------------+------------+---------------+ Number of establishments | 808| 792| 719| Capital |$121,722,704|$209,904,965|[D]$414,044,844| Salaried officials, clerks, etc., number | [E] | [E] | 4,325| Salaries | [E] | [E] | $6,462,236| Wage-earners, average number | 77,555| 140,798| 171,181| Total wages | $40,514,981| $55,451,510| $89,273,956| Men, 16 years and over | 75,037| 133,023| 168,943| Wages | [E] | [E] | $88,840,642| Women, 16 years and over | 82| 45| 58| Wages | [E] | [E] | $17,106| Children, under 16 years | 2,436| 7,730| 2,180| Wages | [E] | [E] | $416,208| Miscellaneous expenses | [F] | [F] | $18,214,948| Cost of materials used |$135,526,132|$191,271,150| $327,272,845| Value of products |$207,208,696|$296,557,685| $478,687,519| Tons of products (2,240 pounds each) | 3,263,585| 6,486,733| 16,264,478| -----------------------------+------------+------------+---------------+ =============================+=========================+ | Date of census. | +------------+------------+ | 1900. | 1905. | | | | -----------------------------+------------+------------+ Number of establishments | 669| 606| Capital |$590,530,484|$948,689,840| Salaried officials, clerks, etc., number | 9,217| 16,566| Salaries | $11,741,788| $20,758,412| Wage-earners, average number | 222,607| 242,740| Total wages |$120,836,338|$141,439,906| Men, 16 years and over | 219,635| 239,383| Wages |$120,157,007 $140,545,610| Women, 16 years and over | 1,071| 1,455| Wages | $266,888| $441,967| Children, under 16 years | 1,901| 1,902| Wages | $412,443| $452,329| Miscellaneous expenses | $32,274,100| $47,164,970| Cost of materials used |$522,431,701|$620,171,881| Value of products |$804,034,918|$905,854,152| Tons of products (2,240 pounds each) | 29,507,860| 34,844,933| -----------------------------+------------+------------+ =============================+=================================== | Per cent of increase. +--------+--------+--------+-------- | 1870 to| 1880 to| 1890 to| 1900 to | 1880. | 1890. | 1900. | 1905. -----------------------------+--------+--------+--------+-------- Number of establishments | [D]2.0 | [D]9.2 | [D]7.0 | 9.4 Capital | 72.4 | 97.3 | 42.6 | 60.7 Salaried officials, clerks, etc., number | -- | -- | 113.1 | 79.7 Salaries | -- | -- | 81.7 | 76.8 Wage-earners, average number | 81.5 | 21.6 | 30.0 | 9.0 Total wages | 36.9 | 61.0 | 35.4 | 17.1 Men, 16 years and over | 77.3 | 27.0 | 30.0 | 9.0 Wages | -- | -- | 35.3 | 17.0 Women, 16 years and over |[D]45.1 | 28.9 |1,746.6 | 35.9 Wages | -- | -- |1,460.2 | 65.6 Children, under 16 years | 217.3 |[D]71.8 |[D]12.8 | 0.1 Wages | -- | -- |[D] O.9 | 9.7 Miscellaneous expenses | -- | -- | 77.2 | 46.1 Cost of materials used | 41.1 | 71.1 | 59.6 | 18.7 Value of products | 43.1 | 61.4 | 68.0 | 12.7 Tons of products (2,240 pounds each) | 98.8 | 150.7 | 81.4 | 18.1 -----------------------------+--------+--------+--------+--------

[B] This summary includes only active establishments for 1880, 1890, and 1900; such establishments were not reported separately in 1870. The 669 establishments in 1900 and the 606 establishments in 1905 include in each case 1 penal institution, the figures for which are not included in Parts I and II of the Report on Manufactures.

[C] For explanation of the apparent discrepancies in the data for 1870 and 1880, see remarks, page 2, Part I, Manufacturing Industries, 1890, in regard to the depreciated currency in 1870; and in regard to the inclusion of capital, employes, and wages relating to mining and other operations in the figures for 1880, see page 745, Statistics of Manufactures, 1880.

[D] Decrease.

[E] Not reported separately.

[F] Not reported.

Production of Pig Iron and of Crude Steel in the United States, 1880 306 to 1907, and relation of same to Imports and Exports of Iron and Steel Manufactures; also Prices of Representative Iron and Steel Products during the period named.

[From official reports of Bureau of Statistics.]