Books and their makers during the Middle Ages
PART II.--THE EARLIER PRINTED BOOKS.
=I.--The Renaissance as the Forerunner of the Printing-Press.= =II.--The Invention of Printing and the Work of the First Printers of Holland and Germany.= =III.--The Printer-Publishers of Italy.=
=Volume II. 1500-1709.= (Ready September, 1896.)
=IV.--The Printer-Publishers of France.= =V.--The Later Estiennes and Casaubon.= =VI.--Caxton and the Introduction of Printing into England.= =VII.--The Kobergers of Nuremberg.= =VIII.--Froben of Basel.= =IX.--Erasmus and his Books.= =X.--Luther as an Author.= =XI.--Plantin of Antwerp.= =XII.--The Elzevirs of Leyden and Amsterdam.= =XIII.--Italy: Privileges and Censorship.= =XIV.--Germany: Privileges and Book-Trade Regulations.= =XV.--France: Privileges, Censorship, and Legislation.= =XVI.--England: Privileges, Censorship, and Legislation.= =XVII.--Conclusion: The Development of the Conception of Literary Property.=
G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS New York: 29 West 23d St. London: 24 Bedford St., Strand
A Literary History of the English People
From the Earliest Times to the Present Day.
By J. J. JUSSERAND
Author of “The English Novel in the Time of Shakespeare,” etc., etc.
To be complete in three parts, each part forming one volume. (_Sold separately._)
=Part I.--From the Origins to the Renaissance.= 8º, pp. xxii + 545. With frontispiece in photogravure. $3.50.
=Part II.--From the Renaissance to Pope.= (_In press._)
=Part III.--From Pope to the Present Day.= (_In preparation._)
We may say, without contradiction, that the marvellous story of our literature in its vital connection with the origin and growth of the English people has never been treated with a greater union of conscientious research, minute scholarship, pleasantness of humor, picturesqueness of style, and sympathetic intimacy.--_London Chronicle._
The most important and delightful contribution to the popular study of English literature since Taine’s volumes were published, is to be made by M. J. J. Jusserand in his “Literary History of the English People.” ... Only the most meagre sketch of the pleasure in store for the readers of M. Jusserand’s volume can be given here. No one interested in the beginnings of English literature can fail to be pleased with this delightful study. A thoroughly stimulating book ... which will arouse fresh interest in the early periods of our literature.--_Literary World._
M. Jusserand is an investigator of keen insight and indefatigable energy. He has also the quality which gives to him, from his Latin parentage, synthesis and literary tact.... He paints a picture.... It is unquestionably true that for this generation, M. Jusserand has said the last word on this subject.... For the period of Chaucer, he has summarized what is known with admirable skill.... His work must be accepted as the authority on the Middle Ages as they were lived in England.--_N. Y. Commercial Advertiser._
The book bears witness on every page to having been written by one whose mind was overflowing with information, and whose heart was in abounding sympathy with his work. Mr. Jusserand possesses pre-eminently the modern spirit of inquiry, which has for its object the attainment of truth and a comprehension of the beginnings of things and of the causes that have brought about effects.--_N. Y. Times._
After so many excellent works, of which English literature is the subject, have been issued in England and on the Continent, after even the epic work of Taine, yet M. Jusserand still contrives to be original, fresh, and creative. The history of English literature has been written before, but what he gives us is something new; it is the literary history of the English people, that is to say, he makes us follow the historical evolution of the nation in literature, and what that evolution has created and revealed. He has employed a method which could not be used with success, except by a man with a thorough and correct knowledge of literature and the history of the English people, and of the people themselves, and one who is worthy of serious consideration by all literary historians.--_La Revue de Paris_, July 1, 1894, on the French Edition.
G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS New York: 27 West 23d St. London: 24 Bedford St., Strand
INDEX
A
Abbon, Saint, i, 56
Abelard, the philosophy of, i, 198; the lectures of, i, 198; the influence of, upon the theological school of Paris, i, 198; considered as the actual founder of the University of Paris, i, 197, 198
Academies, literary, of Italy, i, 322 _ff._, 344
Academy, of Venice, the, literary undertakings of, i, 423 _ff._
---- of France, founding of the, ii, 458
_Adagia_, the, of Erasmus, the first edition of, ii, 194; the Aldine edition of, ii, 199
Adamnanus, life of S. Columba, cited, i, 50
Adolph of Nassau, captures Mayence, i, 371
Adrian VI, ii, 29
Aedh, King, presides over the parliament of Drumceitt, i, 49
Aelfric, _Homilies_ of, i, 101; the canons of, i, 101
Agapetus, Pope, i, 22
Agnien, _libraire_ in Paris in the 13th century, i, 271
Agricola, librarian of Heidelberg in 1485, orders books for the library, i, 297
Aimoin of Fleury, i, 56
Albert, Abbot of Gembloux, makes collection of manuscripts, i, 231
---- of Brandenburg, ii, 229
Alcuin, training of, by Egbert, i, 107; the library of, at York, i, 62; correspondence of, with Charlemagne, i, 62, 109; the methods in his _scriptorium_, i, 66; institutes the imperial schools in Aachen, Tours, and Milan, i, 109; poem of, on the library of York Cathedral, i, 108; his imperial pupils, i, 109; treatise of, on orthography, i, 111; his injunction to pious scribes, i, 113; list of the writings of, i, 114; death of, at Tours, i, 115; describes the journeys of Aelbert, i, 228; the educational work of, ii, 479 _ff._
Aldersbach, monastery of, i, 40.
Aldhelm, Bishop of Sherborn, visits Berthwold in Canterbury, i, 97; imports books from France, i, 97.
_Aldi Filii_, the name adopted by the son and grandson of the founder of the firm, i, 438
Aldine classics, the, models for the Elzevirs, ii, 301
---- Press, close of the work of, i, 438; operations of the, in Rome, i, 441 _ff._
Aldus Manutius, work of, in the printing of Greek texts, i, 243; relations of, to the book trade of Italy and of Europe, i, 415; earlier life of, i, 417 _ff._; letter of, stating his aims, i, 418; first publications of, i, 420; literary undertakings of, i, 419; marriage of, i, 420; Greek classics issued by, i, 420; institutes the Academy of Venice, i, 423; correspondence of, with France and with Germany, i, 424 _ff._; reputation of, in Germany, i, 430; letter of, to Taberio, i, 430; summary of publications of, i, 432; financial difficulties of, competition of, with piratical reprinters, i, 432; secures papal privileges, i, 432; initiates new forms of type, i, 434; attempts to defend his office against literary loafers, i, 437; death of, i, 438; summary of the career of, i, 439; ii, 12, 22, 23, 102, 151, 194; privilege given to, for Greek text, ii, 346; privilege given to, for italic text, ii, 347; publishes the _Letters of Phalaris_, ii, 351; ii, 487
Aldus Manutius the second, i, 438; business experience of, i, 441; gives up business as a printer, i, 445
Aleander, Hieronymus, Greek scholar and theologian, i, 422, ii, 12 _ff._
Alexander, Bishop of Jerusalem, the library of, i, 147
Alfano, the poem of, on monastery life, i, 127
Alfonso, King of Aragon and Sicily, offers rewards for literary productions, i, 330
Alfred, King, attends school in Oxford, i, 119; service of, to the literary interests of England, i, 98; makes English version of Gregory’s _Pastoral Care_, i, 99; complains of the ignorance of Englishmen, i, 99; prepares English translations of certain famous books, orders transcripts of the national chronicles, i, 100
Al-hakem, Kahlif, library of, in Cordova, i, 254; pays large sums for the writing of books, i, 254
Alphonso, King of Naples, the literary circle of, i, 252
Amalasuentha, Queen of the Goths, i, 20
Amandus, Abbot of Salem, i, 85
Ambrose, Saint, _Legenda Aurea_ of, cited, i, 37
Amerbach, Basilius, ii, 238
---- Boniface, ii, 173
---- Johann, editor, printer and publisher of Basel, i, 393, ii, 151; purchases paper stock with an edition of S. Augustine, i, 348; relations of, with Koberger, i, 393; relations of, with Froben, i, 393
Andreä, Hieronymus, ii, 410
Andreas, Abbot of Bergen, i, 86
Andrews, Bishop, ii, 97, 99
Angus the Culdee, the _Festilogium_ of, i, 46
Anjou, the Countess of, pays, in 1460, a great price for a copy of _Homilies_, i, 299
Anna Gray, the monastery of, founded, i, 47
_Annales Ecclesiastici_, ii, 97
Anne, Queen, the Act of, ii, 472
Anselm, Saint, the Peripatetic, cited, i, 39, 197; recommends to his pupils the study of an expurgated Virgil, i, 62
Anshelm, Thomas, publisher of Tübingen, ii, 165, 172, 231
_Antidotarium_, the, i, 196
Antwerp as a publishing centre, ii, 255 _ff._; losses of, through the revolt of the Netherlands, ii, 274
_Apologia pro Herodoto_, ii, 72 _ff._
Aquinas, Thomas, the _de Censuris_ of, ii, 386
Arabian writers, bring to Europe the literature of Greece, i, 181; medical works of, used as text-books, i, 195
_Areopagitica_ of Milton, the, ii, 474 _ff._
Arethas, the scribes of, i, 42
Aretinus, Johannes, _librarius_, i, 234, 246
Ariosto, the _Orlando_ of, ii, 370
Arminius, the doctrines of, ii, 291
Arnest, Archbishop of Prague, i, 44
Arnold, Abbot of Villers, i, 75
Arts and Industries, bureau of, in Venice, ii, 361
Arundel, Archbishop, ii, 130
---- Earl of, ii, 118, 123
Ascensius, _see_ Badius.
Ascham, Roger, ii, 145
Asser, Bishop, organizes education in the kingdom of Alfred, i, 99
Athalaric, King of the Goths, i, 20
Atkyns, Richard, on the introduction of printing into England, ii, 134
Atticus, relations of, to the book-trade of Italy, i, 416
_Auctores Frobeniani_, ii, 185
Augsburg, the early printers of, i, 396
Augustine, Saint, writings of, i, 3; literary work of, i, 32, 33; on the value of ignorance, i, 121; the library of, i, 147
Augustinians, the regulations of, for the care of books, i, 148
Aungerville, Richard (de Bury), i, 308 _ff._
Aura, Saint, and scholar, i, 51
Aurelian, Saint, the _Rule_ of, i, 123
Aurispa, Johannes, dealer in manuscripts, i, 242; brings to Florence his collection of manuscripts, i, 251; correspondence of, with Filelfo, i, 251; publishing undertakings of, i, 251; fate of the manuscripts of, i, 253
Austria, censorship in, ii, 249
Author, rights of, in literary production, under the laws of Venice, ii. 399 _ff._
Authors, payments to, by Plantin, ii, 276 _ff._; acting as their own publishers in Germany, ii, 435; in France, ii, 435
Averrhoes, i, 181; the philosophy of, i, 196
Avicenna, i, 181; the medical treatises of, i, 196
Avitus, the Emperor, i, 8
Azo, i, 183
B
Bacon, Roger, seeks scribes for the manifolding of his treatises, i, 84; makes complaint concerning the ignorance of the scribes of Paris, i, 218
Badius, Jodocus, (Ascensius), ii, 10, 12, 23, 31; commends the work of Koberger, ii, 155
Balzac, Jean L. G., Sieur de, ii, 310, 333 _ff._
Barbaro, Daniele, ii, 345
---- Hermolao, ii, 345
Barcelona, early manuscript-dealers in, i, 313
Bards, orders of, i, 48
---- Celtic, arraigned before the Parliament of Drumceitt, i, 48; existence of, preserved by Columba, i, 48,
Barnet, battle of, ii, 128
Baronius, ii, 97
Barrois, ii, 105
Barstch, _Im. anz. d. Germ. Mus._ cited, i, 40 _ff._
Basel, the Council of, i, 85; as a publishing centre, i, 391; ii, 204; the University of, i, 391; ii, 178; the relations of the magistracy of, to the printing business, i, 392; world-wide reputation of the printers of, i, 395; University of, in its relations with the printers, i, 395; regulations of the magistracy of, concerning literary piracies, ii, 412
Bassa, Domenico, secures an exceptional copyright or monopoly, ii, 379 _ff._
Baudius, ii, 289
Baudoke, Ralph de, Dean of S. Paul’s, i, 105
Bautzen, school regulations of, i, 283
Bayle, the _Dictionary_ of, ii, 444
Beaupré, the manuscripts of, i, 131
Beauvais, Jean de, _librarius_ of Paris in the 14th century, record of his sales, i, 273
Beccadelli, the _Hermaphroditus_ of, i, 331
Beda, Noel, describes the purchase of books in Rome, i, 227; ii, 262, 444 _ff._
Bede, the venerable, _Chronicles_ of, i, 56; a pupil of Biscop, writes in Jarrow the _Chronicles_, i, 95
Bedier, Chancellor, ii, 210
Behem, Franz, printer of Mayence, i, 381
---- Martin, ii, 175
Belisarius, captures Ravenna, i, 20
Benaliis, Bernardino de, ii, 348
Benedict, Saint, i, 9, 10; the Order of, instituted, i, 12; the _Rule_ of, i, 12, 28; the literary interests of, i, 13; his _scriptorium_, i, 12; relations with Cassiodorus, i, 12; life of, written by Pope Gregory I., i, 28
Benedictine monasteries in their relations to literature, ii, 480 _ff._
Benedictines, the records by Mabillon and Ziegelbauer of the literary work of, i, 122
Beowulf, an early text of, i, 92
Berlin, the earlier book-trade of, ii, 424 _ff._; the book-dealers of, ii, 425
Bernard, Saint, pious fraud upon, i, 76
Berne, the convention of, ii, 339, 506
Berneggerus, Matthew, ii, 309
Berners, Juliana, ii, 138
Berquin, bookseller of Paris, ii, 443
Berri, Duke of, ii, 116
Berthold, Elector of Mayence, ii, 420
Berthold von Henneberg on the _Divine Art of Printing_, i, 368
Berthwold, Archbishop of Canterbury, i, 96
Bertile, the nun, gives lectures at Chelles, i, 51
Bessarion, Cardinal, literary activities of, i, 330, 365
Beza, ii, 54
Bible, terms used for, in middle ages, i, 44; books of, circulated separately, i, 44; great cost of certain manuscript copies of, in the national library at Paris, i, 299; first work printed by Gutenberg, i, 373; the first edition of, sold in Paris, i, 374; editions of, in various languages, printed in Zurich, i, 396; printing of the first edition in Hebrew, i, 459; version of, by Coverdale, ii, 141; version of, by Hollybush, ii, 142; German versions of, published by Koberger, ii, 158; the Lutheran version of, i, 223 _ff._; the version of, known as Matthews’s, ii, 141; Tyndale’s version of, ii, 140; Wyclif’s translation of, ii, 130; first printed in England, ii, 140
_Bible Polyglotte_, printed by Plantin, ii, 260 _ff._
Bibles, the printing of, in England, ii, 128 _ff._
_Biblia Pauperum_, i, 350 _ff._
_Bibliotheca_, used to denote the Scriptures, i, 44
_Bidelli_ or _Bedelli_, derivation of the term, i, 187; functions of, i, 187
Biot, J. B., characterises the philosophical work of the universities, i, 222
Birckmann, Franz, publisher of Cologne and of London, i, 388; difficulties of, with the censors of Antwerp, i, 390
Biscop, Benedict, founds monasteries of Wearmouth and Jarrow, i, 95; makes journeys to Rome, collects books and pictures, i, 95; far-reaching influence of his educational work, i, 107; purchases books in Rome, i, 227
Blades, William, ii, 102 _ff._
Blaubeuern, the monastery of, manuscript work in, i, 86; printing-presses established in, i, 86
_Blickling Homilies, the_, i, 101
Block-books, i, 350 _ff._; block-printing, i, 350
Blois, library of the Château of, ii, 446
Bobbio, the monastery of, founded, i, 47
Boccaccio, translates the Iliad and the Odyssey into Latin, i, 323, 324; influence of, upon the study of Greek, i, 325; the _Decameron_ of, i, 325; script of, used as a model for italic type, ii, 347
Bohic, Heinrich, manuscript of, i, 40; the commentary of, i, 230
Boleyn, Anne, ii, 140
Bologna, the academies of, i, 345; the earlier scribes in, i, 245; statutes of the city of, i, 192; University of, i, 181, 183 _ff._
Bolomyer, Henry, ii, 119
Bomberg, printer of Venice, ii, 371
Bonaccorsi, paper maker and publisher, i, 238
Bonhomme, Jean, bookseller to the University, 1486-1490, i, 276
Boniface, Saint, i, 53
Bonus, Abbot of St. Michael in Pisa, i, 138
_Book of Kells_, manuscript, ascribed to Columba, i, 47
Books, the making of, in the monasteries, i, 16 _ff._; the making of, in the early universities, i, 178 _ff._; the prices of, during the Middle Ages, i, 135, 297 _ff._; the rental of, in the Italian Universities, i, 189, 191; secured by chains, i, 141; pledged with the pawnbrokers of Oxford, i, 310; prices of those first printed, i, 375 _ff._
Books in manuscript, sold by pedlars, i, 261; sales of, in Paris in the 14th century under formal contracts, i, 272; sold at the English fairs, i, 306; prices of, in Venice, in the 15th century, i, 413-415; importation of, to England, ii, 133; printed in Germany during the Reformation period, ii, 240; prices of, in Antwerp, in 1576, ii, 279; transportation of, between Holland and Italy, ii, 301
Book-dealers of Paris exempted from taxes, i, 203; terms describing the, i, 205; regulations for the examination of, i, 206; classed as members of a profession, i, 213 _ff._; locality occupied by, i, 217
Book-manufacturing, cost of, with the earlier Venetian publishers, i, 413
Book-production in Europe, stages in the history of, i, 10, 11, 12
Bookseller of Venice, the daybook of a, i, 414
Booksellers, location in Paris of early, i, 262; in Venice, matriculation requirements for, ii, 309
Bookselling in the monasteries, i, 134
Book-trade, the, in Italy during the manuscript period, i, 225; survival of, after the fall of the Western Empire, i, 225; of Paris, under the control of the University authorities, i, 199 _ff._; earlier regulations regarding the, i, 201 _ff._; of the University of Paris, regulations of, for the sale of books, i, 208 _ff._; membership of the, in the 14th and 15th centuries, i, 210 _ff._; of Paris in the 13th century, i, 257 _ff._; of Germany, relations of, to the Reformation, ii, 218; in the early universities, i, 178 _ff._; between Venice and England, i, 242
Bosco, instructor in Paris, i, 221
Bossuet, relations of, to ecclesiastical censorship, ii, 462 _ff._
Bosworth Field, the battle of, ii, 123, 129
Bourchier, Thomas, ii, 135
Boville, Charles, ii, 19
Braccio, ii, 351
Bracciolino, Poggio, i, 333 _ff._
Bracton, Henry of, i, 308
Brandenburg, censorship in, ii, 244; privileges in, ii, 424
Brandis, publisher of Leipzig, i, 400
Brazizza, orator and author, i, 355
Breda, the peace of, ii, 317
Brehons, an order of Celtic bards, i, 48
Bremen, and the writings of Luther, ii, 246
_Brœders van de Penne_, i, 89
Brice, Hugh, ii, 116, 123
Brome, Prior of Gorlestone, initiates the making of indexes, i, 141
Brothers of Common Life, the, i, 88 _ff._; manuscripts produced by, i, 88, 89; printing-offices established by, i, 90; the work of, in the production and distribution of manuscripts, i, 282; early interest of, in printing, i, 282; the manuscript trade of the, i, 291 _ff._; distribute cheap books among the people, i, 368; the first printing done by the, i, 369; the printing and publishing undertakings of the, i, 399, ii, 109
Brown, Horatio F., ii, 344
Bruges, ii, 102 _ff._
---- Louis de, i, 105 _ff._
Bruin, Leonardo, on the book-trade of Florence, i, 234
Brute, _Chronicle_ of, ii, 116, 139
Buchanan, George, ii, 65 _ff._
Budæus, scholar and diplomat, ii, 13 _ff._; influence of, with Francis I., ii, 14 _ff._, 39; work of, printed by Vascosanus, ii, 25
Bulæus, _History of the University of Paris_, by, i, 256
Bull, of Benedict VIII., 1022, i, 44; of Leo X., 1520, ii, 225; papal, concerning the productions of the printing-press, ii, 359
Burer, Mathias, i, 40
Burgo, Antonio de’, i, 449
Burgundy, the dukes of, patrons of producers of books, i, 268, 294
---- Duke of, ii, 102
Bury, Richard de, i, 44; buys books in Paris, i, 218; buys books in Rome; i, 228; describes his relations with the booksellers of Europe, i, 233; makes reference to the wide extent of the business of the manuscript-dealers, i, 296
Busby, Doctor, ii, 81
Busch, ii, 167
Busleiden, ii, 41
Bussi, Bishop of Aleria, an early patron of printing, i, 405
Bydell, John, ii, 142
C
Cædmon, the songs of, i, 93; paraphrases of the Scriptures, i, 93; composes _The Revolt of Satan_, i, 93
Caen, printing in, ii, 257
Cæsaris and Stoll, establish the second press in Paris, ii, 7
Cæsarius of Arles, convent of, i, 51; the _Chronicles_ of, i, 225
Calcar, Abbot Heinrich von, i, 85
Calcedonio, ii, 350
Calvin, ii, 51, 52 _ff._; the _Institutes_ of, ii, 55
Calvinists, held responsible for the destruction of many monasteries, i, 132
Camaldulensers, of St. Michael, carry on a trade in manuscripts, i, 234
Camaldulensis, Ambrosius, writes to Aretinus, i, 246
Cambrai, the League of, i, 420; ii, 357
Cambridge, the University of, i, 181; ii, 60; first printing in, ii, 138
Campanus, Bishop of Teramo, patron and press-corrector, i, 406
Campeggi, Cardinal, ii, 246
Campensis, (Morrhius), ii, 24
Canonical Law, works in, published by the Kobergers, ii, 160
_Canterbury Tales_, Caxton’s Text for, ii, 114
Capella, Martianus, _The Satyricon_, i, 116
Carpi, the Princess of, loans funds to Aldus, i, 419
Carthusians, literary work in the monasteries of, i, 70; the regulations of, for the care of books, i, 148
Cartolajo, Francesco, i, 238
Cartularii or Chartularii, i, 44
Casaubon, Arnold, ii, 88
---- Isaac, ii, 27, 67 _ff._, 85 _ff._; 315; ii,; death of, ii, 100
Cassian, the _Institutes_ of, ii, 167
Cassiodorus, i, 10; birth of, i, 14, 17; summary of career, i, 14; Abbot of Vivaria i, 15; offices held by, i, 17, 18; the _Letters_ of, i, 18; _Variæ_ of, cited, i, 18 _ff._; _Chronicon_ of, i, 19; _History of the Goths_, of, i, 19; secures a policy of toleration for the Gothic Kingdom, i, 18; retires to Bruttii, i, 20; character of, as a minister, i, 20; founds monastery of Mons Castellius, i, 21; writes _De Anima_, i, 22; plans school of Christian literature, i, 22; describes the work of his _scriptorium_, i, 26; lamps invented by, i, 26; transcribes Jerome’s version of the Scriptures, i, 26; writings of, i, 26, 27; death of, i, 27; character of, i, 27; work of, compared with that of Alcuin, i, 110-115; 182
Castellazzo, ii, 370
Castiglione, ii, 376
Castro, Leon de, ii, 262
Catalogue of books published in England, 1666-1680, ii, 148
_Cathac_, or “the Fighter,” name applied to the Psalter of Columba, i, 47
Catharine, Saint, the monastery of, i, 146
Catharine of Medici, ii, 70
Caxton, Maude, ii, 123
---- William, relations of, with Cologne, i, 388; ii, 101 _ff._, 178, 467
Ceaddæ, Saint, an early manuscript of, i, 231
Cecilia, daughter of William the Conqueror, organises the school in her convent at Kucaen, i, 52
Cell, John de, Abbot of St. Albans, i, 103
Celtes, Conrad, secures the earliest German privilege, i, 426; relations of, with Aldus, i, 426, 435; ii, 175, 414, 421
Cennino, goldsmith and printer, i, 457
Censorship, exercised by the theologians of the universities over the book-trade of Paris, i, 214 _ff._; ecclesiastical, i, 343; ii, 27; in France, ii, 437 _ff._; formal institution of, in France, ii, 441_ff._; in Germany, ii, 242 _ff._; in Austria, ii, 249; in Holland, ii, 296 _ff._, 337; literary, establishment of, in Venice, II., 352 _ff._; 356, 403; in the Low Countries, ii, 266
Censorship, and privileges in Italy, ii, 343 _ff._
Chabanais, of St. Cybar, i, 56
Chantor, the, has charge of the library of the monastery, i, 101
Charlemagne, i, 36; enquires concerning Monastic Orders, i, 31; listens to reading, i, 69; policy of, in regard to education, i, 106; entrusts the imperial schools to Alcuin, i, 107; the _capitular_ of, i, 112; interested in the school of Salerno, i, 182; orders the translation of Greek medical treatises, i, 182; alleged connection of, with the University of Bologna, i, 183; name of, associated with a group of the older schools, i, 197; instructions of, concerning the disposition of his books, i, 230; relations of, to education and literature, ii, 478 _ff._
Charles II. and printing in England, ii, 135
---- IV., i, 184
---- of Austria, ii, 201
---- V., Emperor, ii, 39, 140, 242; edict of 1521, ii, 266; edict of, for the regulation of the Press, ii, 442
---- V., of France, letters-patent of, i, 206
---- VI., Emperor, secures the library of S. Giovanni, i, 147; exempts book-dealers from certain war taxes, i, 207
---- VII., plans to introduce printing into France, ii, 2 _ff._
---- VIII., ii, 357; funeral procession of, ii, 440
---- IX., ii. 70; issues the ordinance of Moulins, ii, 450
_Chartularii_, definition of the term, i, 235
Chaucer, the _Troilus and Cressida_ of, i, 302; _Canterbury Tales_, i, 305; ii, 114, 126; described by Caxton, ii, 132
Chevillier, on the early book-trade of Paris, i, 200; schedule prepared by, of manuscripts of the 13th century, i, 259; ii, 60; on the relations of Francis I. with the reformers, ii, 444
Choir books, produced as manuscripts after the invention of printing, i, 87
Christina, Queen, ii, 305 _ff._
Christine (or Cristyne), de Pisa, ii, 115, 120
Chrodegang, Archbishop, initiates a reform of the monasteries, i, 128
Chrysoloras, the first professor of Greek in Florence, i, 325; ii, 23
Church and State in Germany, conflicts of, concerning the control of literature in Germany, ii, 418 _ff._
Church of Rome, the, influence of, on education in the universities, i, 178
Churches of North Germany, book-trade carried on in the, i, 283
Cicero, _Letters_ of, for sale by all the earlier dealers in manuscripts, i, 250; early editions of, in Paris, ii, 21 _ff._
Cistercians, regulations of the, for the care of books, i, 148
Clarendon Press of Oxford, ii, 297
Clark, J. W., _Libraries in the Mediæval Period_, cited, i, 29 _ff._; on the library methods of the Benedictines, i, 148
Classics, Latin, preserved in the monasteries, i, 61
Clement VII., ii, 29
---- VIII. grants an exceptional copyright or monopoly, ii., 379 _ff._
Clemente, printer and illuminator of Lucca, i, 455
_Clementine Index_, the (of Clement VIII.), ii, 377
Clerics, as scribes, i, 36; as officials, i, 36
Clictou, Josse, ii, 19
Clugni, catalogue of the library in the Abbey of, i, 131
_Clugni, the Customs of_, cited, i, 63, 70
Cluniacs, library regulations of, i, 30, 147
Cochläus, ii, 227
Codeca, Matteo de, ii, 349
_Codex Argenteus_, the, ii, 306
Coelfried, Abbot of Jarrow, and later of Wearmouth, sells books to King Alfred, i, 96
Colet, John, ii, 194
Colines, Simon de, printer of Paris, ii, 21, 26; marries widow of Henry Estienne (the elder), ii, 21 _ff._, 26, 30
_Colloquies_, the, of Erasmus, ii, 208 _ff._
Cologne, theological interests of the University of, i, 280; as a commercial centre, i, 386; the library of, i, 387; the University of, i, 387; the earlier printers of, i, 387; piratical operations of the early printers of, i, 390
Colonto, prints the first Hebrew Bible, i, 459
Columba, Saint, chief events of his life, i, 45-50
Comester, Peter, the _Historica Scholastica_ of, i, 104
Commelin, ii, 90
Common-law copyright in manuscripts, ii, 484
Compayré, opinions of, concerning the Benedictine schools, i, 197
Compensation of authors in Italy, i, 334
_Concordat_ between Rome and Venice in 1597, ii, 380 _ff._; between Leo X. and Francis I., ii, 440
Conrad, Abbot, ii, 168
Constantine, a scribe of Erfurt, i, 40
---- the African, comes from Carthage to Monte Cassino, i, 134; develops the school of Salerno, i, 182
Constantinople, Acts of the Council of, i, 226; Greek scholars of, migrate to Italy, i, 255
Contract, dated 1346, for the sale of books in Bruges, i, 290
Convention of 1793 in Paris, ii, 505
Cooper’s _Thesaurus Linguæ Romanæ_, ii, 63
Copeland, ii, 126
Copenhagen, relations of the Elzevirs with, ii, 304 _ff._
Copyists of Genoa, petition the Senate for the expulsion of the printers, i, 413
Copyright, case of, in 567 A.D., the first in Europe, i, 46
Copyright control of manuscripts, ii, 481 _ff._
Copyright, diverse theories concerning, ii, 507 _ff._
Copyrights in Venice, ii, 369 _ff._
Cordova, described as the Athens of the West, i, 254; literary activity in, i, 254; manuscript-trade of, i, 254; library of, destroyed by the Berbers, i, 255; the _Index_ of, ii., 270
Correctors and Revisers employed by Plantin, ii, 277
Corvinus, Matthias, collects books in Florence, i, 240
Coster, _see_ Koster
Council at Basel, pamphlets concerning the work of, prohibited, i, 296
Council of Ten in Venice, ii, 351; establishes a censorship for the literature of the Humanities, ii, 356
Coverdale Bible, the, ii, 141
Cranach, Lucas, ii, 168, 233; printer, painter, and apothecary, ii, 430
Cranmer, Archbishop, ii, 142
Crasso, Leonardo, ii, 350
Cratander, ii, 173
Crévier, traces the University of Paris to Alcuin, i, 197
Croatian versions of Luther’s writings, ii, 230
Cromwell, Thomas, ii, 142
Cuspinian, ii, 174
Cuthbert, Saint, i, 94
Cyclops, Doctor, ii, 229
Cynewulf, the Northumbrian poet, i, 93
Cynthio, Alvise, ii, 357
D
Damian, S. Peter, recommends to the monks the study of pagan writers, i, 62
Danes and Normans, ravages of, in the Benedictine monasteries, i, 132
Danesius, Petrus, ii, 66
Dante, _The Divine Comedy_ of, i, 318
Darmarius, ii, 88
Daubeney, William, ii, 123
D’Aubigné, the history of, ii, 241
Day, John, ii, 143
Decembrio, author of 127 books, i, 335
_Decor Puellarum_, the first book printed in Venice, i, 407
_Decretals_, the Isidoric, exposed by the critics of the fourteenth century, i, 83
_Decretals_, published by the Kobergers, ii, 160
Dedications, the sale of, in Germany, ii, 434
De Honate, Brothers, i, 448
Delalain, on the requirements of a skilled scribe, i, 200
Delisle, reference of, to the lending of books by the monasteries, i, 138
Delprat, history of the Brothers of Common Life, cited, i, 88
Denis, on the Council of Basel, i, 285
Denk, _Gesch. des Gallo. Frank. Unterrichts_, etc., cited, i, 32 _ff._
Denmark, relations of the Elzevirs with, ii, 305
Denys, Saint, the _Chronicles_ of, i, 57
De Rancé, treatise of, on the monastic life, i, 119
Derry, monastery of, i, 45
Descartes, ii, 316 _ff._
Desmarets, the Bible of, ii, 317
Deventer, the Brotherhood House at, a place of book-production, i, 88
De Vic, ii, 94 _ff._
De Wailly, monetary tables of, cited, i, 208
De Worde, Wynken, ii, 138
Diarmid, King of Tara, decides a copyright case, i, 46
_Dictare_, use of term, i, 44
Didier, Abbot of Monte Cassino, i, 62, 134
Didot, Firmin, ii, 329
Diemude, or Diemudis, nun of Wessobrunn, works written by, i, 54; list of works transcribed by, i, 80, 81
Dietrich, Abbot of St. Evroul, his story of the sinful scribe, i, 64
Dietz, Ludwig, publisher for Luther, ii, 231
Dio, Giovanni di, ii, 353
Ditmar, Bishop of Mersebourg, i, 58
Dolet, Étienne, ii, 46, 449
Dominic, Saint, monks of the Brotherhood of, establish a printing-office, i, 458
_Donaldson vs. Becket_, ii, 472 _ff._
_Donation_, of Constantine, the, ii, 227
Döring, ii, 233 _ff._
Dorpius, on Froben, ii, 189
Dritzehn, the brothers, associates of Gutenberg, i, 357 _ff._
Drumceitt, Parliament of, i, 48
Drummond on _The Praise of Folly_, ii, 193
Dryden, John, makes agreement for his _Virgil_, ii, 148
Du Chastel, ii, 44, 46, 49
Ducret, scribe for Duke of Burgundy, i, 41
Dunstan, Saint, Archbishop of Canterbury, i, 101; institutes monastery schools, i, 101; orders transcripts to be made in the vernacular, i, 101
Dürer, Albert, ii, 149 _ff._, 168; _Instruction in Perspective_, contention concerning the copyright of, ii, 410 _ff._; literary and art productions of, ii, 409 _ff._
Dutch Republic, establishment of the, ii, 273 _ff._
E
Ebert, on the division of manuscripts, cited, i, 65
Ecclesiastical Censorship, i, 343
Ecclesiastical schools, i, 36
Eckstein, Heinrich, ii, 423
Eddas, collections of, preserved by the Benedictines, i, 61
Edward IV., King, accounts of, for the binding of books, i, 313; ii, 103, 122
---- VI., ii, 67
Egbert of York, i, 107
Eggestein, Heinrich, i, 381 _ff._
Eichstadt, Abbess of, compiles the _Heldenbuch_, i, 52
Ekkhard, Abbot of Aurach, i, 58
Eligius, Saint, the biography of, i, 128
Ellis, George, _Introduction to Early English Poetry_ of, cited, i, 302
Elton, Charles, ii, 306
Eltville, i, 363
Elzevirs, the, of Leyden and Amsterdam, ii, 18, 286 _ff._; House of, in Amsterdam, ii, 299 _ff._; publications of the, ii, 319 _ff._; close of the publishing operations of, ii, 329 _ff._; “piracies” of, ii, 332; relations of, with authors, ii, 332 _ff._; religious faith of, ii, 338; relations of, to the book trade of Europe, ii, 500 _ff._
Elzevir, Abraham, ii, 292 _ff._
---- Bonaventure, ii, 290 _ff._
---- Daniel, ii, 293 _ff._; the death of, ii, 329; the widow of, ii, 329
---- Isaac, ii, 292 _ff._; 295 _ff._
---- John, ii, 293 _ff._
---- Louis (the first), ii, 280 _ff._; 286 _ff._; the six sons of, ii, 289 _ff._
---- Louis (the second), ii, 299 _ff._
---- Matthew, ii, 290 _ff._
Elzevir Classics, the, ii, 292 _ff._; ii, 309 _ff._; 331
Emo, Abbot of Wittewierum, i, 70
Emperor, the Holy Roman, claims the control of the printing-press, ii, 420 _ff._
England, the literary monks of, i, 90; the Abbey schools in, i, 118; beginnings of literary property in, ii, 464 _ff._
English Crown, relations of the, to literary property, ii, 465 _ff._
Engraving, relation of, to the work of the early printers, ii, 164
_Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, the, i, 223
Erasmus, deprecates the adverse influence of Lutheranism on literature, i, 224; reference of, to Birckmann, i, 389; relations of, with Froben, i, 394 _ff._; relations of, with Aldus, i, 423 _ff._; makes his first sojourn in Italy, i, 427; does editorial work for Aldus, i, 427; publishes the Venetian edition of his _Adagia_, i, 427; early editions of _The Praise of Folly_, of, i, 428; complaints of, concerning careless typesetting, i, 428; friendship of, with Aleander, ii, 12; the _Colloquies_ of, ii, 22, 23; feeling against, in the Sorbonne, ii, 24; criticised by Lutherans, Calvinists, and Romanists, ii, 25, 39, 41, 176, 179 _ff._; editions of the writings of, ii, 183 _ff._; on the death of Froben, ii, 189, 210 _ff._; writings of, ii, 192; on Aldus, ii, 198; Spanish editions of the writings of, ii, 210; latest writings of, ii, 212 _ff._; income of, ii, 214 _ff._, 226; concerning publishing methods, ii, 429
Erfurt, bookselling in the churches of, i, 283
Erlangen, collection of manuscripts in the University library of, i, 280
Ernest, Elector of Saxony, ii, 233
Ernst, Archbishop, ii, 229
Erpenius, ii, 292, 296
Estaples, d’, ii, 19
Estiennes, the, history of, ii, 15 _ff._
Estienne, House of, ii, 87
---- Antoine, ii, 87
---- Charles, ii, 63 _ff._
---- Florence, ii, 88
Estienne, Francis, ii, 62 _ff._
---- Henry (the elder), begins work as a printer, ii, 18 _ff._
---- Henry (the first), ii, 26
---- Henry (the second), ii, 37, 66 _ff._, 94; rhymed complaint of, on the difficulties of scholarly work, ii, 78
---- Paul, ii, 87, 95
---- Robert (the first), ii, 25 _ff._; first publications of, ii, 30; motto of, ii, 30; appointed printer in Greek to the King, ii, 33, 42; takes refuge at Court, ii, 34; divides the New Testament into verses, ii, 48; removes from Paris to Geneva, ii, 50; Geneva publications of, ii, 53, 54, 55; death of, ii, 55; eulogies on, ii, 56, 254
---- Robert (second), ii, 64 _ff._
Esslingen, early printing in, ii, 439
Eusebius, praises the work of nuns as scribes, i, 53; reference of, to the chaining of books, i, 141
Evelyn, John, ii, 298
_Exemplatores_, functions of, i, 188
_Exercitationes_ of Casaubon, ii, 98 _ff._
F
Faber, Johann, ii, 245
Fabri, Felix, the _Historia Suevorum_, of, i, 369
Fairs, in England, utilized by the dealers in manuscripts, i, 306; in Germany, manuscript-trade in the, i, 287
Falstoffe, Sir John, ii, 116, 123
Faques, William, printer to the King, ii, 467
Fathers of the Church, Dutch editions of the writings of, ii, 331
Felice, Fra, of Prato, ii, 355
Fell, Bishop, memoir by, on the state of printing in Oxford, i, 310
Ferdinand, Emperor, ii, 242 _ff._, 249
Ferreol, Saint, the _Rule_ of, i, 63, 123
Fichet, Wilhelm, letter of, concerning the invention of printing, i, 359; ii, 5; the Rhetoric of, ii, 7
Ficino, the writings of, i, 338 _ff._
Field, Richard, ii, 146
Fileas, the, an order of Celtic Bards, i, 48
Filelfo, Francesco, i, 189; recovers in a book-shop a stolen volume, i, 234; reference of, to Melchior, i, 249; i, 335 _ff._
Finnian, contention of, with Columba, i, 46
Flach, Martin, i, 383
Flamel, Nicholas, _librarius_ and speculator in real estate, i, 275
Flanders, in its relations to the Protestants, ii, 258
Fleury, describes the Abbey of Gembloux, i, 97; the Abbey schools of, i, 118
Florence, the University of, i, 183 _ff._; gives special attention to belles-lettres, i, 184; the Humanists of, i, 184; takes the lead in the trade in manuscripts, i, 239; the earlier book-dealers of, i, 246; the literary activities of, i, 318; the literary society of, i, 327 _ff._; the academies of, i, 344; early printers of, i, 457
_Flugschriften_, the, of the Reformation, ii, 162, 241 _ff._
Foligno, early printers of, i, 456
Fontaine, the monastery of, founded, i, 47
Fontainebleau, Royal Library of, ii, 14
Fosbroke, classifies monastic catalogues, i, 142
Foscari, Doge of Venice, ii, 373
Fox, John, _Book of Martyrs_ of, ii, 143
France, the Abbey schools in, i, 118; the manuscript-trade in, i, 255 _ff._; early printers of, ii, 2 _ff._; regulations for the printing-press in, ii, 437; legislation in, for the encouragement of literature, ii, 446 _ff._; summary of the privileges in, ii, 491 _ff._; takes the initiative in regard to the Convention of Berne, ii, 506; summary of copyright legislation in, ii, 508
Francheschi, Pietro, ii, 403
Francis I., relations of the literature and the clergy, ii, 6, 7; founds Royal Library at Fontainebleau, ii, 14; at issue with the Doctors of the Sorbonne, ii, 19 _ff._; protects Robert Estienne against the royal censors, ii, 34; 38, 42, 43, 45, 57, 70, 324; relations of, with the reformers, ii, 444; edict of, in regard to privileges, ii, 447 _ff._
Franco, Bishop of Treviso, ii, 372 _ff._
Frankfort, first sale of printed books in the fair of, i, 288; magistracy of, protects the publishing contracts of Schöffer, i, 377; the book-fair of, ii, 247, 265, 302 _ff._ 365, 416; relations of the Elzevirs with, ii, 302 _ff._; ordinance of the city of concerning privileges, ii, 414
---- and the Thirty Years’ War, ii, 498
Frankland, the demoralisation of, before the time of Charlemagne, i, 110
Franz, biographer of Cassiodorus, cited, i, 24
Fredegar, The _Chronicle_ of, i, 128
Frederic, Elector of Saxony, i, 432; orders books for Wittenberg, i, 432
Frederick I., Landgrave of Alsace, ii, 423
---- II., The Emperor, i, 183
---- III. of Germany, institutes the office of imperial supervisor of literature, ii, 419
Free-thinkers and the Church of Rome, i, 333
_Free Will_, treatise on, by Erasmus, ii, 209
Fregeno, secures in Sweden, Roman manuscripts, i, 229
Freising, Otto von, cited, i, 43
French, as a literary language for Europe, ii, 504
Friese, Ulrich, a bookseller at the Nordlingen fair, i, 283
Frilo, father of Gutenberg, i, 357
Froben, Jerome, son of Johann, ii, 213
---- Johann, i, 393; scholarly attainments of, i, 393; relations with Erasmus, i, 393 _ff._; ii, 39, 102, 178 _ff._, 244 _ff._, 429; letter of, to Zwingli, ii, 187; the literary friends of, ii, 188 _ff._; gives up the publishing of the writings of Luther, ii, 221; the death of, ii, 210
Frodoard, i, 56
Froissart, ii, 117
Fromund of Tegernsee, i, 68
Froschauer, Printer for Zwingli, i, 396; ii, 141
Froude, on the patronage system, ii, 197
Frowin, manuscript of, i, 43
Fryth, John, ii, 140
Fugger, The House of, i, 431; bankers and forwarders, i, 431
----, Huldric, ii, 68 _ff._
----, Joannes Jacobus, ii, 69
Furnivall’s _Captain Cox_, ii, 145
Fust, Johann, first relations of, with Gutenberg, i, 360, 372; lawsuit of, i, 360 _ff._; relations of, with Schöffer, i, 372; first journey of, to Paris, i, 373; the earliest pirate of printed books, i, 375; death of, in 1467, i, 375; sells his Bibles in Paris, ii, 5
Fust and Schöffer, earliest publications of, i, 373
G
Gaddesden, John of, i, 308
Gaillard, ii, 40
Galeotti, J., importer of manuscripts, i, 242
Galileo, ii, 309
Garland, Jean de, compiles a directory of the industries of Paris, i, 256
Gasparino, the _Letters_ of, ii, 7
Gaul, literature in, during fifth century, i, 7
Gaza, Theodore, Greek editor for the Aldine Press, i, 420, ii, 23
Geneva, ii, 38, 50; University of, ii, 51; literary interests of, ii, 51; censorship regulations of, ii, 51; pirates of, ii, 51; great siege of, ii, 88; theology of, ii, 91; literature of, ii, 91 _ff._; publishing activities of, ii, 93
Gengenbach, dramatist and printer, i, 395
Genoa, contests in, between the copyists and the printers, i, 413; early printers of, i, 458; the scribes of, protest against the introduction of printing, i, 459
Gensfleisch, the family of (Gutenberg), i, 356 _ff._
Geoffrey of St. Barbe, letter of, i, 133
George, Duke of Saxony, puts the Protestant printers of Leipzig under restrictions, i, 401; ii, 232, 250
George, Elector of Saxony, ii, 424
Gerbert, Abbot of Bobbio, cited, i, 38; orders books from a distance, i, 139, 140; collects books for his libraries, i, 231; ii, 480
Gering, printer of Paris, ii, 5
German, book-trade, organization of the, ii, 497; universities in the 15th century, standard of scholarship in, i, 277
Germany, the monastic schools in, i, 118; manuscript dealers in, i, 276 _ff._; privileges and regulations in, ii, 407 _ff._; summary of privileges in, ii, 493 _ff._; in its relations to literary property, ii, 505
Gerson, Johann, Chancellor of University of Paris, i, 54; describes the literary wealth of Paris, i, 261; ii, 150
Gertrude, Abbess of Nivelle, a buyer of books, i, 51, 53
Gerwold, Abbot of S. Wandrille, i, 67
Gesner, ii, 56, 432
_Gesta Romanorum_, said to have originated in England, i, 304; edition of the, printed by A. Koberger, ii, 161
Ghent, the Pacification of, ii, 273
Ghisebrecht, ii, 277
Gibbon criticises Caxton, ii, 127, 128
Giesebrecht, treatise of _De litterarum Studiis_, i, 226
Gildas, _Chronicles_ of, i, 55
Giovanni, Saint, the library of, in Naples, i, 146
Giraud, C., cited, i, 55
Gita, a scribe of Schwarzenthau, i, 54
Giunta, the family of, i, 248
----, Phillippo, i, 238
Glaber, Raoul, i, 56
Glanville, i, 308
Glastonbury, Chapel of, i, 106
Godo, purchases books in Rome, i, 227
_Golden Legend, The_, ii, 118
Gosselin, ii, 95
Goths, rule of, in Italy, i, 9
Gourmont, Giles, printer of Paris, ii, 10 _ff._; publications of, ii, 23
Gower, John, ii, 117, 126
Graevius, on the death of Louis Elzevir (the second), ii, 318
Grafton, printer, ii, 141
Greek, the knowledge of, in the tenth century, i, 127; books, printing of, limited to a few publishers, i, 244; immigrants, as instructors in Italy, i, 236; fonts of the _Imprimerie Royale_, ii, 58 _ff._; lecturers in University of Paris, ii, 23; literature, brought to Europe through Arabian writers, i, 181; literature, introduction of, into Italy, i, 236; literature, in Paris, ii, 10 _ff._; manuscripts brought from Constantinople to Italy, i, 235
Greek Press in Paris, history of the, ii, 10 _ff._
Greek scholars, relations of, with Venice and with Florence, i, 237; secure compensation in Italy for editorial work, i, 411; as assistants to publishers, i, 416; in Paris, ii, 23
Greek texts, brought to Venice from the East, i, 411 _ff._; in the University of Paris, ii, 22
Gregoriis, Gregorius de, ii, 354
Gregoropoulos, Greek proof-reader for Aldus, i, 421
Gregory I., Pope, writings of, i, 34, 35; charges against, i, 34; opinion of, concerning the Scriptures and grammar, i, 121; as an author, ii, 478
---- VII., utilises the work of monastic scribes, i, 81-82
---- XIII., ii, 262
---- of Tours, i, 56
Grein, _Anglo-Saxon Library_, by, i, 92
Grimani, the breviary of, i, 294
Grimlaïcus, the _Rule_ of, i, 123
Grimm, Siegmund, publisher for Hutten, ii, 229
Grolier de Servier, ii, 43
Groote, Gerhard, founds in Deventer a Brotherhood House, i, 88
Grotius, ii, 65, 304; the _Mare Liberum_ of, ii, 308
Grunenberg, Johann, publisher for Luther, ii, 222
Grüninger, Hans, of Strasburg, ii, 151, 165
Gruthuyse, of Bruges, a collector of manuscripts, i, 289; ii, 105
Guignes, de, ii, 60
Guild, of printers and publishers, in Milan, i, 450 _ff._; of S. John in Bruges, ii, 106; of publishers and printers in Paris, regulations of, ii, 453 _ff._; of printers and book-sellers in Venice, ii, 364 _ff._; of the Venetian book-trade, organisation of, ii, 395 _ff._; of the Venetian book-trade, close of the history of, ii, 398; Hall, for the Venetian book-trade, ii, 395
Guiscard, Robert, i, 182
Guldemund, Hans, ii, 410
Gutenberg, i, 9, 349 _ff._; earlier operations of, i, 358; first partnerships of, i, 358; lawsuits of, i, 358 _ff._; conditions of the business of, i, 364; financial difficulties of, i, 364 _ff._; fonts of type manufactured by, i, 365; early testimony concerning the invention of, i, 380; ii, 17, 178
H
Hagen, quotes a rhyming record from a Hagenau manuscript, i, 285
Hagenau, early manuscript-trade of, i, 284; printing introduced into, i, 284; relations of, with Heidelberg, i, 284 _ff._
Hahn, printer of Ingolstadt and of Rome, i, 406
Hallam, on Saumaise, ii, 315
Hamburg, manuscript-dealers of, i, 283; caution of the Senate of, concerning dedications, ii, 434
Hans, the brothers, ii, 425
Hardy, Thomas Duffus, on the literary work of the British monasteries, i, 102
Harlinde, Abbess, skilled as a scribe, i, 53
Harper, the House of, ii, 335
Harsy, Antoine de, ii, 94
Hatzlern, Clara, scribe of Augsburg, i, 41
Hauslik, history of the University of Prague, i, 278
Hedwig, Duchess of Suabia, teaches Greek to Abbot Burckhart, i, 126
Hegel, _Philosophy of History_ of, quoted, i, 367
Heidelberg, the library of, i, 85; books bought for the library of, i, 232; book-trade in the University of, i, 279
Heilsbrunn, manuscripts from the monastery of, i, 280
Heinsius, Nicholas, ii, 298, 310, 313 _ff._, 317
Helgaud, i, 56
Hellenic Brothers, the, of St. Gall, i, 126
Henry II. of France, ii, 48, 56, 70; letters-patent of, i, 203
---- III., ii, 82 _ff._
---- IV., ii, 95 _ff._
---- VI. of England, death of, ii, 129; interest of, in printing in England, ii, 135
---- VII., ii, 123
---- VIII., ii, 45, 141
Heresbach, ii, 41
Heresy, the Venetian Commissioners of, ii, 404
Herluca, corresponds with Diemude, i, 54
Hermonymus, a designer of type in Paris, ii, 10, 23
Herneis, publisher of Paris in the thirteenth century, i, 271
Herodotus, History of, ii, 73
Herrad of Landsberg, writings of, i, 52
Herrgott, Johann, ii, 249
Heynlin, ii, 5, 111
Higden, Ralph, the _Polychronicon_ of, i, 56, 307
Hilary, works of, edited by Erasmus, ii, 209
Hilda, Abbess of Whitby, i, 93
Hildesheim, the Brothers of, producers of books, i, 90
Hiltebrand, Johann, ii, 231
Hippocrates and Galen, described as the “Aristotles of Medicine,” i, 195; writings of, used as text-books, i, 195
Hochstraten, ii, 202
Hodgkin, Thomas, _Italy and her Invaders_, cited, i, 3 _ff._; summarises the services of Cassiodorus, i, 23, 24
Hoeck, Adolph von, Prior of Scheda, i, 86
Holbein, Hans, ii, 10, 180, 181, 200
Holland, the increasing trade of, ii, 290 _ff._; book-trade of, during the Thirty Years’ War, ii, 498
Hollybushe, John, ii, 142
Honoratus, Saint, founds Monastery of Lerin, i, 32
Honorius, opinion of, concerning the philosophers, i, 129
Hopyll, Wolffgang, printer of Paris, ii, 18
Horn, Conrad, _stadtschreiber_, sells books by contract, i, 288
Hroswitha, daughter of Duke of Saxony, i, 52
---- of Gandersheim, i, 37, 52; the _Chronicon Urspergense_ of, i, 87, 360; the dramas of, ii, 414, 420
Hubmayer, Balthasar, ii, 243
Hugh, Abbot of Flavigny, i, 57
Hugo of Trimberg, schoolmaster and book collector, i, 287
----, Cardinal, ii, 157
---- Bible, the, ii, 154, 157 _ff._, 167
Humanistic Movement, influence of the, on the production of printed literature, i, 370 _ff._; the leaders of the, ii, 226
Humanists, the influence of the, in the German universities, i, 223; ii, 172
Humery, Doctor Conrad, of Mayence, i, 292; co-operates with Gutenberg, i, 361 _ff._
Hummelsburger, letter of, concerning Aldine editions, i, 436
Hungarians, destroy monasteries in the tenth century, i, 132
Hunt, Thomas, ii, 137
Huntington, Henry of, _Chronicles_, i, 56, 307
Huszner, George, i, 383
Hutten, Ulrich von, ii, 176, 182, 227, 239
---- and Luther, ii, 251
I
Ibo, Bishop of Chartres, treatise of, _De Rebus Ecclesiasticis_, i, 117
Idung, the _Dialogues_ of, i, 54
Illuminators, of manuscripts, i, 241
Illustrated publications, early editions of, issued in Nuremberg, i, 398
Imperial cities, special privileges of, concerning book production, ii, 422 _ff._
Imperial Commission for the regulation of literature, ii, 421
Ina, King, i, 106
_Index Expurgatorius_ of Louvain, ii, 44
_Index_, the, of 1564, ii, 243
_Index_, the, and the book-trade, ii, 372 _ff._
_Index_, the, issued by the Council of Trent, ii, 375 _ff._
_Indexes_, the, of 1546, 1550, 1551, 1554, 1559, ii, 268 _ff._, 275
Ingolstadt, regulations of the University of, concerning text-books, i, 281
Ingulphus, _Chronicles_ of, i, 56; record of, concerning the Abbey of Peterborough, i, 132
Innocent IV., Pope, i, 183
Inquisition, the, and censorship, ii, 267; relations of, with the printing-press, ii, 371
Iona, the monastery of, founded, i, 47, 90
Irnerius, jurist of Bologna, i, 183
Isidore, Bishop of Seville, writings of, i, 35; treatise of, on elocution, i, 117
Italian literature, influence of, on Elizabethan authors, ii, 144
Italy, the monastic schools in, i, 118; monasteries in, destroyed by the Saracens, i, 132; the printer-publishers of, i, 403 _ff._; privileges and censorship in, ii, 343 _ff._; enactments concerning literary property in, ii, 406
J
Jacob of Breslau, volumes written by, i, 86
Jacob, Saint, monastery of, in Liége, i, 114
James I., ii, 96 _ff._
Jehan, Jacques, grocer and book-seller, i, 274
Jenson, Nicholas, first printer in Venice, i, 407; operations of, in Paris and in Mayence, i, 408; settles in Venice, i, 409; sells printing plant to Torresano, i, 411; sent to Mayence by Charles VII., ii, 2; 344
Jerome, Saint, writings of, i, 3, 23, 32; ii, 189; befriends S. Paula and her daughter, i, 51; injunction of, concerning reading, i, 124; complains of the untrustworthiness of the work of scribes, i, 229
Jews, forbidden to buy or sell manuscripts in the Italian universities, i, 194; lend moneys to monasteries on pledges of books, i, 231
Jewell, John, ii, 53
John, Bishop of Aleria, cites prices of early printed books, i, 375
----, King of France, buys stationery in England, i, 312
---- of Speyer, printer of Venice, i, 407 _ff._; secures a monopoly for printing in Venice, i, 408
Jordæus, treatise on the Goths, i, 19
Junius, Hadrian, historian of Koster, i, 352
Jusserand, J. J., on the early literature of the Anglo-Saxons, i, 91; _English Wayfaring Life_, by, cited, i, 302 _ff._
K
Kalle, Samuel, ii, 425
Kapp, on the selling of dedications, ii, 433
Karoch, instructor in Erfurt, i, 220
Kefer, Heinrich, ii, 150
Kennett, White, ii, 63
Kessler, Nicholas, of Basel, relations of, with Koberger, ii, 409
Kirchhoff, on the selling of dedications, ii, 434
Knight, Charles, _The Old Printer_ of, cited, i, 302 _ff._
Knittel, concerning the work of the _scriptorium_, cited, i, 65
Kobergers, the, of Nuremberg, ii, 149 _ff._; business of, interfered with by the Reformation, ii, 163
Koberger, Anthoni, i, 384; the publications of, i, 397 _ff._; ii, 76, 149 _ff._; principal publications of, ii, 152, 154; commended by Badius, Wimpfeling, Leontorius, and the Emperor Maximilian, ii, 155, 156; friendship of, with Amerbach, ii, 156; relations of, with Celtes, Dürer, and Pirckheimer, ii, 156; editions of the Bible printed by, ii, 157, 158; conservatism of, ii, 204; relations of, to the system of privileges in Germany, ii, 409
----, Johannes, ii, 159
----, Melchior, relations of, with Luther, ii, 159
Koelhoff, Johann, printer of Cologne, i, 388
Koepke, _Otton. Studien_, cited, i, 36 _ff._
König, Conrad, agent for Luther’s books, ii, 231
Köpflin, ii, 245
Köster, Laurens, of Harlem, i, 349 _ff._; the statue of, ii, 298
Krantz, printer of Paris, ii, 5, 111
Kyrfoth, Carolus, ii, 137
L
LaCasa, Papal Nuncio, ii, 373
Lachner, ii, 179, 232
Landino, the writings of, i, 340
Lanfranc, i, 197
Langendorf of Basel prints piracy editions of Luther’s writings, i, 395
Large, Robert, ii, 102
Laskaris, Greek grammarian, i, 365; ii, 23
Latin, the language of literature for Europe, i, 318; ii, 503
LaTrappe, the Order of, i, 120
Lauber, Diebold, scribe and manuscript dealer in Hagenau, i, 284 _ff._; noteworthy manuscripts of, i, 289; rhyming advertisements of, i, 289
Laurentium, the monastery of, in Liége, i, 87
Laurie, summarises the Christian conception of education, i, 120
Lavagna, printer of Milan, i, 408, 447
Law, Roman and canonical, the study of, in Bologna, i, 190
---- text-books required in Bologna and Montpellier, i, 194
Lay-clerics, functions of, i, 38
League, influence of the wars of the, on the supervision of the Press, ii, 450
_Lectores_, the work of, i, 116
Leew, Gerard, ii, 134
LeFevre, (d’Estaples), ii, 19
LeGrand, Jaques, ii, 119
Leipzig, the earlier printers of, i, 399; ii, 29, 202; as a centre for the distribution of printed books, i, 401; the book fair of, ii, 303, 426; as a centre of book production, ii, 422 _ff._; the literary commission of, ii, 423; caution of magistracy of, concerning dedications, ii, 434
Leland, catalogue prepared by, of the abbatial libraries of England, i, 102
Leo, Bishop of Ostia, i, 57
Leo X., Pope, sends emissaries to collect manuscripts, i, 301; the literary interests of, i, 322; relations of, with the earlier printers, i, 368; excommunicates Luther, ii, 225; Bull of, in regard to the licencing of books, ii, 439
LeRoys, printer of Lyons, ii, 10
Lerin, monastery of, founded by Honoratus, i, 32
Leukardis, a scribe of Mallesdorf, i, 54
Lewis, a scribe of Wessobrunn, i, 75
Leyden, the University of, ii, 280 _ff._; as a publishing centre, ii, 286; the Press of University of, ii, 297; the University in its relations with publishing, ii, 336
Liaupold, Brother, i, 39, 54
_Libraires jurés_, regulations concerning the, i, 207 _ff._; of Paris, ii, 365
_Librairie_, origin of the term, i, 189
_Librariers Gild_ of Ghent and of Brussels, i, 290
Libraries of the monasteries, the, and their arrangements for the exchange of books, i, 133 _ff._; of the manuscript period, i, 146 _ff._
_Librarii_, i, 10; of Paris, regulations concerning, i, 260 _ff._; of Paris in the 15th century, i, 269 _ff._
Ligugé, monastery of, founded, i, 32
Linacre, Sir Thomas, ii, 194
Lincoln, manuscript-dealers of, i, 312
Lioba, Saint, a pupil of S. Boniface, organises schools in North Germany, i, 51
Lipsius, ii, 281, 284
Listrius, Gerard, ii, 200
_Litera Romana_, i, 67
Literary property, in England, beginnings of, ii, 464 _ff._; development of the conception of, ii, 477 _ff._; diverse theories concerning, ii, 507 _ff._; in Italy, enactments concerning, ii, 406
Literature, beginnings of property in, ii, 343 _ff._
Locke, on the death of Daniel Elzevir, ii, 319
Longarard, the unintelligible writings of, i, 45
Longinus, Vincenzo, relations of, with Aldus, i, 435
Lotter, printer of Leipzig, i, 400 _ff._ Melchior, first printer of Wittenberg, i, 401; ii, 230 _ff._; 430
Louis the Débonnaire, i, 97
---- IX., pays for transcribing an Encyclopædia, i, 230
---- XI., borrows books from the University of Paris, i, 136; lays claim to the estate of a publisher, i, 270; in 1474, pledges silver for the loan of a manuscript, i, 299; a collector of books, ii, 4; recognises the library of the Louvre, ii, 4; intervenes for the protection of Schöffer, ii, 8; institutes the Parliament of Paris, ii, 441
---- XII., edict of, in behalf of booksellers, ii, 6; interest of, in printing, ii, 6; toleration of, for heretical literature, ii, 6
---- XIV., ii, 318; relations of, to literature, ii, 458 _ff._
Louvain, _Index Expurgatorius_ of, ii, 44; the University of, ii, 258; theologians of, ii, 261; the _Indexes_ of, ii, 268 _ff._; the University of, in its relations to censorship, ii, 373
Lowell, on Socinians, ii, 53
Lübeck, book sales in the churches of, i, 283
Lucca, early printers of, i, 455
Luden, concerning the printing-press of Germany, ii, 427
Lufft, Hans, claims copyright in Luther’s Bible, ii, 235
Lupus, Abbot, orders transcripts prepared in York, i, 229
Luther, complaints of, concerning the piracy editions of his works, i, 402; ii, 408; heresies of, condemned at the Council of Sens, ii, 22, 26, 45; relations of, with the Kobergers, ii, 159; Froben’s edition of the writings of, ii, 190 _ff._; as an author, ii, 216 _ff._; the published writings of, ii, 219 _ff._; completes his version of the New Testament, ii, 225; Catechism of, printed in Slovenic, ii, 230; compensation paid to, for his literary work, ii, 232; letter of, to Lang, ii, 245; and the war of the peasants, ii, 250; and von Hutten, ii, 251; the _Table-talk_ of, ii, 429; on the compensation of authors, ii, 431
Lutheran tracts printed in out-of-the-way places, ii, 248
Luxeuil, the monastery of, founded, i, 47
Lydgate, John, ii, 116 _ff._
Lyons, early printers of, ii, 8 _ff._; a publishing centre for light literature, ii, 9 _ff._; printers of, “appropriate” the productions of Paris and other cities, ii, 9, 495; publishing activities of, ii, 93
M
Mabillon, Jean, treatise of, on monastic studies, i, 120; work of, in behalf of the Benedictines, i, 122, 123; literary journeys of, i, 123; on the prices of books during the Middle Ages, i, 135
Machiavelli, _The Prince_ of, ii, 202
Madan’s _Early Oxford Press_, ii, 134
Magdeburg, as a publishing centre, ii, 229, 248
_Magdeburg Centuries_, ii, 97
Maintenon, Madame de, relations of, to ecclesiastical censorship, ii, 461
Maitland, _The Dark Ages_, cited, i, 31 _ff._; opinion of, concerning palimpsests, i, 72; describes the arrangements of the _scriptoria_, i, 75; on the book production of the Middle Ages, i, 77, 78; calculation of, concerning the speed of the work of the scribes, i, 98; criticises Robinson’s description of the Church in the Middle Ages, i, 117; points out the inaccuracies of Milner, i, 130; on the prices of books in the Middle Ages, i, 135; analyses the value of MSS., i, 137
Maittaire, Bibliography of, ii, 22, 25 _ff._, 40
Makkari, historian of the Mohammedan dynasties, i, 255
Malmesbury, William of, The _Chronicles_ of, i, 56; writes life of Aldhelm, i, 97; his account of the chapel at Glastonbury, i, 106; collector of books, i, 307
Malory, Sir Thomas, ii, 118, 126
Manenti of Urbino, copyright secured by, ii, 348
Mansfield, Lord, ii, 473
Mansion, Colart, or Colard, _escripvain_ and printer, i, 289; ii, 102 _ff._
Manuscript, the earliest existing example of monastic scribe-work, i, 34
Manuscripts, trade in, in Bologna, i, 184; formalities connected with the sale of, in Paris, i, 212; the trade in, carried on by pedlars, grocers, and mercers, i, 232; production of, continued after the invention of printing, i, 243; Moorish trade in, i, 254; illuminated with the arms of noble families, i, 268; copyright in, ii, 481 _ff._
Manuscript-dealers, the historians of the, i, 180; of Italy, i, 244 _ff._; of Germany, i, 276 _ff._; of Paris, i, 256 _ff._
Manuscript period in England, the i, 302 _ff._
Manuscript-trade, of the Brothers of Common Life, i, 291 _ff._; of France, i, 255 _ff._; of Germany, i, 287, 291; of the Netherlands, i, 290 _ff._; of London, in the 14th century, i, 312 _ff._
Manutius, Paul, inherits business of his father, i, 438; settles in Rome, i, 440; letters of, to his son Aldus, i, 441; journeys to Milan, i, 444; completes his commentaries on Cicero, i, 444; death of, i, 445; coöperation of, with Plantin, ii, 264
Map, Walter, _De Nugis Curiatum_ of, i, 304
Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, ii, 103, 122, 126
Margounios, Maximus, ii, 377
Marguerite de Valois, ii, 46
_Mariegole_, or by-laws of the Venetian Guild, ii, 366 _ff._
Marillac, ii, 40
Marloratus, ii, 70
Marmontier, monastery of, founded, i, 32
Marquard, Abbot, pawns the library of his Abbey, i, 232
Marsam, Jehan de, master of arts and dealer in manuscripts, i, 273
Marsham, cited, i, 55
Martene and Montfaucon, the literary journeys of, i, 131
Martyr, Peter, ii, 53
Mary, Saint, of Robert’s Bridge, inscription in a manuscript from, i, 73
Mary, Queen of Scots, ii, 66
Mascon, Bishop of, ii, 44
Maseyk, the nuns of, i, 53
Massimi, the brothers, introduce printing into Rome, i, 405
Massmann, _Die Goth. Urkunden von Neapel_, etc., cited, i, 43
Mathesius, ii, 228
Maximilian, the Emperor, befriends Reuchlin, ii, 203
---- II., relations of, to book privileges, ii, 422 _ff._
Mayence, connection of, with the origin of printing, i, 358 _ff._; the sack of, by Adolph of Nassau, i, 362, 372; printers driven from, i, 372
Medici, the, purchased books from scribes, i, 240
----, Cosimo de’, i, 322; institutes libraries, i, 328; founds the Platonic Academy, i, 328
----, Lorenzo de’, i, 338
Meerman, reference of, to Koster, i, 354
Melanchthon, Philip, ii, 231, 238 _ff._
Melania, Saint, makes a living as a scribe, i, 33; founds convent at Tagaste, i, 33; beauty of transcripts of, i, 53
Melchior, Abbot, founds printing-office in Augsburg, i, 87; manuscript-dealer, i, 249
Mellin, Réclus, ii, 446
Memmingen, caution of the burgomaster of, concerning dedications, ii, 434
Ménage, ii, 312
Mendicant monks, work of, in copying and distributing books, i, 84; libraries of, i, 148
Mensing, Doctor, ii, 229
Mentel, Johann, printer of Strasburg, i, 375, 381 _ff._
Mercers’ Company, the, of London, ii, 122
Metal workers, relations of the, to early printers, ii, 164
Metz, Cathedral of, as a resort for booksellers, i, 283
Milan, the manuscript-trade of, i, 228, 241; literature at the Court of, i, 334; the printing, publishing, and bookselling Guild of, i, 450 _ff._; various activities of, i, 446 _ff._; the first printing in, i, 447; Publishing Association of, i, 448 _ff._; the regulations of Printers’ Guild of, i, 453
_Millar vs. Taylor_, ii, 472, 505
Milner, the historian, criticised by Maitland, i, 130
Milton, John, _Paradise Lost_, possibly suggested by Cædmon’s _Revolt of Satan_, i, 93; agreement of, for publication of _Paradise Lost_, ii, 147; the _Defensio Populi Anglicani_ of, ii, 308; on the liberty of the printing-press, ii, 474 _ff._
Minner, Johann, _scriptor_, i, 288
Minorite Order, literary work of, i, 84
Minutianus, professor and printer, i, 447
Mirandola, Pico della, i, 339
Mocenigo, Andrea, ii, 357
Modena, Statutes of the High School of, concerning the book-trade, i, 189
Mohammedan states, literary activity in, i, 180
Monasteries, Irish and Scotch, founded by S. Columba, i, 45-47
Monastery cells, the severe temperature of, i, 64
---- schools, the earlier, i, 106
Monk, Roger, ii, 117
Monks, of England, literary work of the, i, 90
Monkish chroniclers of England, i, 55-60, 307 _ff._
Monmouth, Geoffrey of, _Chronicles_ of, i, 56, 307
Monopolies conceded by Venice to earlier printers, i, 408
Mons Castellius, monastery of, i, 21
Montalembert, _The Monks of the West_, cited, i, 30 _ff._
Montanus, Arius, ii, 260 _ff._
Monte Cassino, monastery of, founded, i, 10, 182
Montfaucon, cited, i, 42 _ff._; quoted by Robertson, i, 72; the literary journeys of Martene and, i, 130
Montpellier, the book-dealers of the University of, i, 266 _ff._; the Press of, ii, 92
Moors, destroy monasteries in Spain, i, 132
More, Sir Thomas, ii, 130, 194, 200; prints books in Basel, i, 395
Morel, Frederic, ii, 25
Moretto, Antonio, ii, 351
Moretus, John, ii, 283
Morhart, Ulrich, ii, 230
Morier, on the prices of MSS. in Persia, i, 136
Morosini, Andrea, historian of Venice, ii, 387
Morrhius (Campensis), ii, 24
_Morte d’Arthur_, ii, 118
Moulins, ordinance of, ii, 450
Mount Athos, the monastery of, i, 146
Mountjoy, Lord, ii, 215
Mühlberg, battle of, ii, 421
Mullinger, summarises the _Apostolic Constitutions_, i, 121
Münster as a publishing centre, ii, 248 _ff._
Muratori, the _Chronicles_ of, i, 57; reference of, to books presented to churches, i, 137; concerning the monastery collection of books, i, 138
Murbach, the monastery of, i, 83
Mure, Conrad de, i, 40
Muretus, ii, 67
Murner, Thomas, ii, 183, 431
Murray, the House of, ii, 335
Musurus, Marcus, appointed professor of Greek, i, 416; appointed censor by the Venetian Senate, i, 422; script of, utilised as a model for Greek type, ii, 347; censor of Greek books in Venice, ii, 356
Mutianus, the work of, at Erfurt, i, 223
Myrop, C., ii, 305
N
Nantes, the edict of, ii, 451 _ff._
Naples, the University of, i, 182; the Academy of, i, 344
Napoleon and the freedom of the printing-press, ii, 427 _ff._
Navagero, Andrea, appointed censor for the literature of the Humanities, ii, 356
Néobar, (or Neobarius), Conrad, appointed royal printer in Greek, ii, 33, 42, 448
Neri, S. Philip, ii, 97
Neudorffer, J., ii, 150
Nevelo, works of penance in the _scriptorium_, i, 70
_New Testament_, the paraphrase of, by Erasmus, ii, 207
Niccoli, Niccolo de’, funeral oration upon, i, 240; bequeaths books to Florence, i, 240
Niceron, ii, 46
Nicholas, l’Anglois, bookseller and tavern-keeper in Paris, in the fourteenth century, i, 272
---- of Breslau, printer and engraver of Florence, i, 458
---- V., Pope, i, 329 _ff._
Nicholson, John, ii, 142
Niclaes, ii, 266
Nicolai, publisher of Berlin, ii, 417
Niedermünster, the nuns of, famed as scribes, i, 54
Noailles, Cardinal de, ii, 462
Nordlingen Fair, the book-trade of, i, 283; first sale of printed books in the, i, 287
Normans, ravages of, in the Benedictine monasteries, i, 132; piracies of the, i, 231
Notker, of St. Gall, writes to the Bishop of Sitten, i, 39, 229
Novantula, monastery of, burned by the Hungarians, i, 132; the manuscripts of, i, 131
Numeister, printer of Mayence and of Foligno, i, 456
Nuns as scribes, i, 51-55
Nuremberg, the printer-publishers of, i, 397 _ff._; and the writings of Luther, ii, 236; piracy editions issued in, ii, 236; edict of, ii, 242; censorship in, ii, 243
O
Obscene literature and the papal censorship, i, 333
Odo, Abbot of Clugni, i, 129
----, Abbot of Tournai, i, 67, 77
Œcolampadius, ii, 23
Offa, King, gives a Bible to the church at Worcester, i, 97
Olbert, Abbot of Gembloux, i, 97; transcribes the Old and the New Testaments, i, 98
_Old Testament_, Luther’s version of the, ii, 233
Olivier, _librarius_ of Paris, schedule of his book sales, i, 274
Omons, work of, entitled _The Picture of the World_, i, 142
Origen, Saint, literary work of, i, 32; the library of, in Cesarea, i, 147; requires the service of scribes, i, 228
Orleans, literary interests of the dukes of, i, 268
Orosius, a manuscript of, i, 43, 226
Orphanage, publishing concern of Halle, ii, 425
Össler, Jacob, appointed imperial supervisor of literature, ii, 419
Othlo of Tegernsee, his work as a scribe, i, 64
Othlonus, a scribe of S. Emmeram, i, 78, 79. (Same as Othlo.)
Othmar, Sylvan, publisher for Luther, ii, 229
Oxford, the University of, i, 181; early purchases of books for the libraries of, i, 306; early printing in, ii, 134 _ff._; first printers of, ii, 137
Ozanam, _La Civilisation Chrétienne_ cited, i, 36 _ff._
P
Padua, the University of, i, 181, 421, ii, 348; regulations of the University of, concerning the book-trade, i, 188, 193; commissioners of the University of, appointed censors of Venetian publications, ii, 362 _ff._
Paedts, Jean, ii, 294
Palencia, the University of, i, 196
Pallavicini, Cardinal, ii, 388
Palm, publisher, shot by order of Napoleon, ii, 427
Pannartz, Arnold, printer of Subiaco and of Rome, i, 405
Panthoul, Macé, bookseller and paper-maker of Troyes, i, 276
Panzer, ii, 12
Papacy, claim of the, to the supervision of books in Venice, ii, 355 _ff._
Paper, first manufactured from rags, i, 409
Paper-makers, relations of, with the early publishers, i, 237
Paper-making in Italy, i, 409
Paper manufacturers, the earlier work of, in France, i, 266; protected by University privileges, i, 266
Papyrus, latest use of, i, 43, 44
_Paradise Lost_, agreement for the publication of, ii, 147
Paravisinus, printer of Milan, i, 447
Parchment, the scarcity of, i, 70; used for palimpsests, i, 72; regulations for the sale of, in Paris, i, 204; costliness of, in the 14th and 15th centuries, i, 332
Parchment-dealers in Paris, regulations concerning, i, 265
Parentucelli, Tommaso, (Pope Nicholas V.), founds the Vatican Library, i, 329
Paris, Matthew, _Chronicles_ of, i, 56, 69, 307; writes _Lives of the Two Offas_ and the _Chronicles_, i, 105
----, city of, in 1600, ii, 95; scribes of, i, 41; instructions of the Council of, concerning the lending of books, by the monasteries, i, 138; printed books first sold in, ii, 5; relations of the Elzevirs with, ii, 303 _ff._
----, the University of, i, 51, 181; foundation and constitution of the, i, 197 _ff._; regulations of, concerning the early book-trade, i, 201 _ff._; the earlier scribes in, i, 256; students of, 1524, ii, 28; censures the writings of Erasmus, ii, 210; publishes an _Index Expurgatorius_, ii, 373; relations of, to censorship of the Press, ii, 439 _ff._
Parliament of Paris, relations of the, to the censorship of the Press, ii, 440 _ff._, 470 _ff._; contests of, with the Crown, ii, 441; suppression of, ii, 441; relations of, with the book-trade, ii, 442
Parrhasius, Janus, institutes the library of S. Giovanni, i, 146
Paruta, contentions of, against the _Clementine Index_, ii, 377 _ff._
Pasqualigo, ii, 370
Passau, the library of, i, 228
Patronage provides compensation for Italian writers, i, 334
Pattison, Mark, ii, 27, 85 _ff._; analysis by, of the literary influence of Italy, France, Holland, and Germany, i, 346
Paul, Abbot of St. Albans, i, 69
---- III., ii, 29
---- IV., issues an _Index_, ii, 374
Paula, Saint, writes Hebrew and Greek, i, 51; assists S. Jerome in his writing, i, 51
Paulsen, characterises the instruction in the mediæval universities, i, 223
Pavia, the University of, i, 183
Peasants, the war of the, ii, 250
_Pecia_, definition of, i, 186
_Peciarii_, functions of, i, 187
Pedlars, regulations limiting the book-trade of, i, 213; as dealers in books, i, 232
Pellican, Conrad, ii, 232
Penalties for literary piracies in Venice, ii, 352
_Pentateuch_, the, printed in Constantinople, ii, 260
Penzi, Jacomo di, of Lecco, ii, 353
Permit for publication, earliest record of, ii, 439
Perugia, the early manuscript-dealers of, i, 249
Peter of Blois, describes the manuscript collections of Paris, i, 256
---- of Celle, borrows books from S. Bernard, i, 143
---- the Venerable, Abbot of Clugni, i, 130; makes translation of the Koran, i, 145; correspondence of, i, 144, 145; orders books from Aquitaine, i, 144
---- of Bacharach, writes a _Schwabenspiegel_, i, 41
---- of Ravenna, ii, 439, 488
Peterborough, the abbey of, burned by the Danes, i, 132
Petrarch, appreciative reference of, to Aretinus, i, 246; the influence of, in behalf of the study of Greek, i, 323; as a collector of manuscripts, i, 324; script of, used as model for the type founders, i, 324
Petri, Adam, of Basel, ii, 223, 225, 228
----, Heinrich, printer-publisher, of Basel, knighted by Charles V., i, 395; sends books to Casaubon, ii, 90
Pez, the _Chronicles_ of, cited, i, 39 _ff._
_Phalaris_, the _Letters of_, ii, 351
Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, a collector of books, i, 273; purchases manuscripts, shirts, hats, and more manuscripts, i, 274, 275
---- the Fair of Burgundy, regulations of, concerning manuscript-dealers, i, 263; and the Parliament of Paris, ii, 441
---- the Good of Burgundy, ii, 105
---- II., of Spain, gives charter to the Milan printers’ guild, i, 451; ii, 265, 284, 272; refuses to accept the _Tridentine Index_, ii, 382; and the Papal censorship, ii, 388
---- III. confirms the monopoly of the Milan printers’ guild, i, 454
_Philobiblon_, of de Bury, cited, i, 308 _ff._
Piacenza, the University of, i, 183
Pio, Albert, Prince of Carpi, treatise of, against Erasmus, ii, 445
Piracies, literary, regulations in Basel concerning, ii, 412
Pirckheimer, translator of the _Geography_ of Ptolemy, i, 385 _ff._; ii, 151, 174, 165, 167
Pius IV., Pope, calls Paul Manutius to Rome, i, 440
---- V., institutes the Congregation of the _Index_, ii, 377; relations of, with Paul Manutius, i, 442 _ff._
Plantin, the House of, ii, 255 _ff._; publications of, ii, 259 _ff._
----, Christopher, ii, 255 _ff._; the Press of, ii, 76; relations of with Leyden, ii, 294; the _Bible_ of, ii, 334
---- Museum, the, ii, 283
Plantinerus, purchasing agent for manuscripts, i, 242
Plater, Thomas, ii, 238
Poggio, funeral oration of, upon Niccoli, i, 240; translates the _Cyropaedia_, i, 329
Poliziano, the writings of, i, 340
Polliot, Etienne, ii, 449
Pontchartrain, Chancellor of France, ii, 460 _ff._
Porson, ii, 37
Prague, the University of, i, 181; regulations for the copyists in the University of, i, 220; bookdealers in the University of, i, 278
_Praise of Folly_, the first edition of, ii, 194
Pratt, William, mercer and manuscript-dealer, i, 313; friend of Caxton, ii, 119, 123
Prayer-book, first printed in England, ii, 142
Premonstratensians, the regulations of, for the care of books, i, 148
Press, the freedom of, in Venice, ii, 404
Press-correctors, in the 16th century, ii, 165
Preston, Thomas, the writings of, ii, 386
Prices of Plantin’s publications, ii, 279
Printers, early, in France, ii, 3 _ff._; of Paris, regulations for, in 1581, ii, 453 _ff._
Printers’ Guild, of Venice, the, and Press legislation, ii, 394 _ff._
Printing, the invention of, i, 348 _ff._; in France, ii, 3 _ff._; in Germany, begun for the benefit of the middle classes, i, 363; in Germany, initiated without the aid of princes, universities, or ecclesiastics, i, 378
Printing undertakings, in Florence, Bologna, Milan, Rome, and Venice, up to 1500, i, 327
Printing-press, service of the, for the Reformation, ii, 218; in France, regulations for the control of, ii, 437 _ff._
Printing-presses, in Venice, at the close of the 16th century, ii, 367; reduction in the number of, under the papal censorship, ii, 384
Privileges, in England, ii, 465 _ff._, 468 _ff._; and regulations in Germany, ii, 407 _ff._; imperial, in Germany, ii, 416 _ff._; in Holland, ii, 332; and censorship in Italy, ii, 343 _ff._; the terms of, in Venice, ii, 350 _ff._; summary of, in Venice, ii, 486
_Probi Vita_, cited, i, 9
Procopius, history of the campaign of Belisarius, i, 20
Property in literature, summary of the diverse theories concerning, ii, 507 _ff._
Protestant tracts, distribution of, in Germany, ii, 249
Proto-typographer, the, of the Netherlands, ii, 272 _ff._
Prussia, book production in, ii, 425; earlier legislation of, in regard to copyright, ii, 506
Publishers and printers in Paris, the guild of, ii, 453 _ff._
Publishing, by subscription in England, ii, 436; methods in Germany, the earlier, i, 429 _ff._; in Venice, burdens upon, in the 17th century, ii, 393
Puteanus, ii, 309
Pütter, concerning privileges in Germany, ii, 415
Pynson, Richard, King’s printer, ii, 133, 138, 467
R
Rabanus, M., treatise by, _De Instituto Clericorum_, i, 116
Rabelais, a student in Montpellier, i, 196
Radegonde, Saint, i, 51
Radewijus, Florentius, i, 89
Rahn, _Die Künste in der Schweiz_, cited, i, 43 _ff._
Raphelengius, ii, 282 _ff._, 294
Rapond, Dyne, banker and book-seller, i, 274 _ff._
Ratdolt, printer-publisher of Augsburg, ii, 396
Rauchler, Johann, first Rector of Tübingen High School, i, 369
Ravenna, Peter of, ii, 345
Reading aloud at meals, i, 69
Reculfus, Bishop of Soissons, the _Constitutions_ of, i, 117
Reformation, the, influence of, upon the literary activities of Germany, i, 224; literature of, sold under prohibitory regulations, i, 399; literature of, printed in Leipzig and in Wittenberg, i, 401; influence of, on the production of literature, ii, 26 _ff._; the influence of, on publishing in Germany, ii, 152; an intellectual revolution, ii, 217
Regino, Abbot of Prüm, i, 57
Reinhart, Johann, an early printer of popular literature, i, 384 _ff._
Renaissance, the, as the forerunner of the printing-press, i, 317 _ff._
Renilde, Abbess, skilled as a scribe, i, 53
Reno, Guillaume de, i, 85
Resbacense, catalogue of the library in monastery of, i, 128
Resch, publisher of Paris, ii, 442
Reuchlin, Johann, relations of with Aldus, i, 426 _ff._; founder of Greek studies in Germany, i, 429; appointed professor in Ingolstadt, i, 429; ii, 172, 202, 226, 237
Rhaw, George, publisher for Luther, ii, 231
Rhenanus, Beatus, writes introduction for the works of Erasmus, i, 435; as corrector for Henry Estienne (the elder), ii, 21; on Froben, ii, 188; writes to Erasmus, ii, 232; death of, ii, 45
Rhenish-Celtic Society, ii, 414
Richard II., ii, 117
---- de Bury, on the Mendicant Friars, i, 148
---- of Wedinghausen, the preservation of his writing hand, i, 65
Richelieu, institutes the French Academy, ii, 458
Richer, French chronicler, i, 56
_Rifformatori_, the, of Venice, ii, 367; regulations of, in 1767, concerning the book-trade, ii, 397
Riquier, Saint, books possessed by the monks of, i, 97
Rivers, Earl, ii, 103, 122
Rivington, the House of, ii, 335
---- Charles, ii, 335
Robertson, quotes Montfaucon erroneously, i, 72; inaccurate statements of, concerning the prices of books in the Middle Ages, i, 135; misquotes Muratori concerning monastery collection of books, i, 138
Rochelle, publishing operations in, ii, 452
Rodolphus of Fulda, i, 57
Roger of Wendover, historiographer of St. Albans, i, 104; _Chronicles_ of, i, 56, 104 _ff._, 307
Rogers, J. E. Thorold, on early bookselling in England, i, 306
Rolewinck, the _Outline History of the World_ by, i, 368
_Romana Littera_, definition of, i, 227
Romance writing in England in the 14th and 15th centuries, i, 303 _ff._
Romans, church of (in Dauphiny), destroyed six times, i, 133
Rome, as a book market in the seventh century, i, 226
Rood, Theodore, printer of Oxford, i, 242; ii, 137
Rooses, Max, ii, 256
Rouen, the manuscript-dealers of, i, 270
Royal privileges in England, ii, 468 _ff._
Royes, Joseph, ii, 140
Rufus, Mutianus, letter of, concerning the interference of war with literature, i, 431
Rühel and Sulfisch secure a privilege for Luther’s Bible, ii, 235
_Rule_ of S. Benedict, the original MSS. destroyed in the monastery of Teano, i, 133
Ruppel, Berthold, first printer of Basel, i, 392
Rusch, Adolph, printer-publisher and paper-dealer, i, 384
S
Sabellico, Antonio, ii, 345, 488
Sachs, Hans, ii, 243 _ff._
_Sachsenspiegel_, early editions of the, i, 392
St. Albans, literary work in the monastery of, i, 69; the abbey of, i, 102; the _scriptorium_ and library of, i, 102; the _Chronicles_ of, i, 104; printing in, ii, 137; _The Book of_, ii, 138
St. Gall, monastery of, i, 40; work of the nuns of, i, 55; curious inscription in a manuscript of, i, 73; the abbey of, i, 125; decadence in monastery of, during the 13th century, i, 84
Salamanca, the monastery of, i, 196
Salerno, the school of, i, 182
Sallengre, M. de, ii, 72
Salmasius (Saumaise).
Sanuto, Marino, ii, 357
Saracens, destroy monasteries in Italy, i, 132
Sarpi, Fra Paolo, ii, 372 _ff._; and the interdict, ii, 384; formulates the scheme of a legitimate _Index_, ii, 389
Saumaise (Salmasius), ii, 315 _ff._
Saxony, censorship in, ii, 244
Saxon literature, early, i, 91
Scævola, ii, 56
Scaliger, ii, 64 _ff._, 304
Scapula, Joannes, plagiarist, ii, 81
Schedd, the _Chronicle_ of, ii, 171
Scheffel’s, _Der treue Ekkehart_, i, 127
Schöffer, Peter, printer, admitted as a citizen in Frankfort, i, 288, 359; employed by Gutenberg, i, 372; taken into partnership by Fust, i, 373; _Impressor Librorum_, i, 375; appointed agent for the University of Paris, i, 376; suit of, against Inkus, i, 376; summary of the publishing undertakings of, i, 378 _ff._; establishes an agency in Paris, ii, 7, 178
Schönsperger, publisher of Augsburg, ii, 225, 229
Schools, the earlier monastery, i, 106
Schoolbooks in manuscript, prices of, i, 284, 286; prices of, in North Germany, in the 15th century, i, 300
Schott, Johann, imperial privilege secured by, ii, 414
Schürer, printer of Strasburg, ii, 200
Schurmann, opinion of, concerning the imperial control of literature, ii, 417
Schweinheim, printer of Subiaco and of Rome, i, 405
Scolar, Johannes, ii, 137
Scott’s _Elizabethan Translations from the Italian_, cited, ii, 144
Scotus, Erigena, appointed master of the palace school at Tours, i, 116
Scribes, of African and Eastern monasteries, i, 33; monastic privileges of, i, 69; licensed for German towns, i, 294 _ff._; of Germany, carry on their work in the porches of the churches and cathedrals, i, 295
Scrimger, Henry, ii, 68
_Scripta notaria_, i, 43
_Scriptorium_, the consecration of the, i, 61; form of benediction for, i, 76
Seanachies, an order of Celtic bards, i, 49
Séguier, Chancellor of France, ii, 457
Selden, the _Mare Clausum_ of, ii, 308
Senate, the Venetian, takes action to protect the printing-press, ii, 391
Seneca, maxim of, i, 195
Senis, Guidomarus de, _librarius_ and poet, i, 273
Sens, Council of, ii, 22
Sensenschmid of Eger, ii, 150
Servetus, ii, 52, 54
Sforza, Francesco, i, 337
Shakespeare’s plays, sources of certain of the plots of, ii, 145
Shakespeare, published works of, ii, 146
Scheurl, writes to Campeggi, ii, 246
_Ship of Fools_, the, first English edition of, ii, 139
Sidney, Sir Philip, ii, 84
Sidonius, Caius Sollius Apollinaris, i, 5, 6, 7
Sigismund, John, ii, 425
Silvius, Æneas, the _Europa_ of, i, 281
----, William, ii, 287, 294 _ff._
Simler, Josias, ii, 376
Simmons, Samuel, ii, 147
Simon, Abbot of St. Albans, i, 103
Sintram, noteworthy as a copyist, i, 126
Sisebut, King, pupil of Isidore, i, 36
Sithiu, the monks of, secure from Charlemagne hunting privileges, i, 124
Sixtus V., and the _Tridentine Index_, ii, 377
Slovenic versions of the writings of the Reformers, ii, 230
Soardi, publisher of Venice, ii, 354
Socinus, Lelius, and Faustus, ii, 52, 53
Solomon, Abbot of St. Gall, the vocabulary of, i, 126
Somerset, Duchess of, ii, 127
Soncino, the first Hebrew Bible printed in, i, 459
Sorbonne, college of the, the foundation of, i, 216; the special functions of, i, 217; the Doctors of the, ii, 19 _ff._, 47 _ff._; Theological Faculty of, ii, 29 _ff._; relations of the, with Robert Estienne, ii, 49 _ff._
Sorg, printer-publisher of Augsburg, i, 396
Southampton, Earl of, ii, 146
Spain, monasteries in, destroyed by the Moors, i, 132; the early universities of, i, 196; activity of the Moorish scholars in, i, 253 _ff._; manuscript-dealers of, in the fifteenth century, i, 313
Spalatin, librarian of the Elector of Saxony, i, 432
Spalato, Archbishop of, ii, 388
“Spanish Fury,” the, ii, 273
_Speculum Humanæ Salvationis_, i, 352
Spengler, Syndic of Nuremberg, ii, 237
Speyer, John of, and the writings of Luther, ii, 246, 344
Spiegel, Jacob, supervisor of literature, ii, 420
Spottswood, ii, 96
Stab, Johann, secures an imperial privilege, ii, 419
Stadius, John, imperial privilege secured by, ii, 414
_Stadtschreiber_, licensed for the cities of North Germany, i, 283
Star-Chamber, the, relations of, to the supervision of the Press, ii, 470
Stathoen, Herman von, _librarius_ of Paris, i, 270
_Stationarii_, i, 10; first use of the term, i, 184 _ff._; of the German universities, i, 220; of Paris, regulations concerning, i, 260 _ff._; status of, in Oxford, i, 310 _ff._
_Stationarii peciarum_, functions of, i, 191
Stationers’ Company, organisation of the, in England, i, 219; charter granted to, i, 219, 311; ii, 365, 465 _ff._; regulations of, ii, 469 _ff._
Stationers’ Hall, the, of London, i, 311
Stavelot, Johann of, work as a scribe, i, 87
Stenzel, Thomas, historian, cited, i, 59
Stephani (or Estiennes), ii, 15 _ff._
Stephanus, Robertus, _see_ Estienne.
Stereotyping, date of invention of, ii, 329
Strasburg, library of the Cathedral of, i, 301; an early publishing centre, i, 381; and the writings of Luther, ii, 246
Strozzi, Palla degli, i, 327 _ff._
_Studia publica or generalia_, i, 181
Subiaco, the monastery of, i, 12; the place of the first printing in Italy, i, 404
Subscription method of publishing in England, ii, 435 _ff._
Suger, Abbot, historian, i, 58
Sully, ii, 96
Sylvester II., ii, 480
Symonds, J. A., _The Renaissance in Italy_, of, i, 319 _ff._
T
Tacitus, important manuscript of, secured in Corvey, i, 301
Tegernsee, the monks of, i, 39; the monastery of, a place of book production, i, 86
Terms used in scribe work, i, 42 _ff._
Terracina, monopoly granted to, ii, 347
_Testament_, the _New_, edition by Erasmus, ii, 205 _ff._; Lutheran version of, ii, 223 _ff._
Text-books in manuscript, prices of, i, 286
Thafar, Al-baghdádé, chief among Moorish scribes, i, 254
Thausing, M., concerning the work of Dürer, ii, 409
Theodadad, King of the Goths, i, 20
Theodoric, King of the Goths and the Romans, i, 9, 18; his Arian faith, i, 18; his toleration of the Athanasians due to Cassiodorus, i, 18
Theodosius II., as a scribe, i, 42
Theology, importance of the study of, in the University of Paris, i, 261
Theses, the ninety-five, ii, 222
Thirty Years’ War, the, ii, 290 _ff._; influence of, on literary production, ii, 498
Thomaïtes, the Patriarch’s library in, i, 146
Thomson’s _Seasons_, ii, 472
Thurot, citation from, concerning methods of instruction in the Middle Ages, i, 216
Tilly, ii, 248
Tiphernas, ii, 23
Tiraboschi, i, 183
Tischendorf, Testament MSS. discovered by, i, 146
Tissard, Francis, furthers the study of Greek in Paris, ii, 10
Tonson, Jacob, ii, 148
Torquemada, _see_ Turrecremata
----, Tomas, Inquisitor-General, i, 404
Torresano, father-in-law of Aldus, buys printing plant from Jenson, i, 411; unites his printing concern with that of Aldus, i, 420; takes over the business of Aldus, i, 438
Toulouse, Press of, ii, 92
Tousé, Guillaume, publisher of Paris, sends out travellers, i, 218
Towton, battle of, ii, 116
Traversari, Ambrosio, makes reference to the book-shops of Florence, i, 235
Trevers, printer of London, ii, 468
_Tridentine Index_, the, ii, 375 _ff._
Trithemius (Johann Trittenheim), Abbot of Sponheim, i, 21, 22; cited, i, 71; rebukes his monks, i, 73 _ff._; writes _De Laude Scriptorum_, i, 88, 359, 366
Truber, Primus, ii, 229
Trutwetter, ii, 238
Tübingen, as a publishing centre, ii, 229 _ff._
Turrecremata, Juan, Cardinal, introduces printing into Italy, i, 404; invites to Rome Hahn, printer, of Ingolstadt, i, 406
Tyndale, William, ii, 140
Type, fonts of, used by the earlier Italian printers, i, 412; style of, used by the Kobergers, ii, 164
U
Ulfilas, ii, 306
Ulm, the magistracy of, protects the contracts of Schöffer, i, 377; the early printers of, i, 397
Ulpian Library, in Rome, i, 8, 9
Ulrich III., Abbot of Michelsberg, i, 85
Ungnad, the Freiherr of, ii, 230
University, definition of the term, i, 181; the term defined by Malden, i, 199
---- of Paris, controls the book-trade of the city, i, 214; regulations of, concerning book-dealers, i, 263 _ff._; publishes an _Index Expurgatorius_, ii, 373
Universities, early, influence of the, upon the education of the monasteries, i, 85; the making of books in the, i, 178 _ff._; the historians of the, i, 180; of Europe, character of the membership of the earlier, i, 221; of France, members of, exempted from taxes, etc., i, 199; of Germany, the earlier text-books of, i, 220; of Spain, i, 196
Unkel, Bartholomäus, prints in Low German, the _Sachsenspiegel_, i, 388
Urbanus orders books from Aldus, i, 425
Urbino, the ducal library of, i, 366
V
Valdarfer, prints the first edition of the _Decameron_ in Florence, i, 325; printer of Milan, i, 447
Valla, Laurentius (or Lorenzo), exposes the fraudulent character of the _Donation_ of Constantine, i, 83, 331; ii, 227; writings of, printed in Paris, ii, 10, 203; compensation paid to, i, 329; literary controversies of, i, 332 _ff._
Valladolid, the _Index_ of, ii, 270
Vandals, besiege Hippo, i, 4
Van Dyck, Anthony, ii, 307
----, Christophe, ii, 307
Van Praet, ii, 108
Vascosanus, ii, 25
Vatablus, ii, 36, 45
Vavasseur, ii, 72
Venice, relations of, to the manuscript-trade, i, 234, 242; development of the manuscript-trade of, i, 242, 243; the academy of, i, 345; takes the lead in the printing undertakings of Italy, i, 407 _ff._; the Senate of, prohibits the exportation of rags, i, 409; facilities of, as a centre of trade, and for publishing undertakings, i, 409 _ff._; the wars of, i, 420; Protectionist policy of, ii, 347; earliest legislation in, concerning literature, ii, 359 _ff._; relations of, with Germany, ii, 376; requirements for the matriculation of booksellers of, ii, 396
Venetian book-trade, last contests of, with Rome, ii, 401 _ff._
Vérard, Anthony, printer in Paris, ii, 8
Vercelli, the University of, i, 183; early regulations in University of, concerning the book-trade, i, 188
Vere, the Lady of, ii, 197
Vergetius, ii, 42
_Verlags- und Drück-Privilegien_, ii, 426
Verona, the manuscript-trade of, i, 228; the manuscript-dealers of, i, 246
Vespasiano, author, dealer in manuscripts, book collector and librarian, i, 235, 247 _ff._, 341 _ff._, 365
Victorius, Petrus, ii, 67 _ff._
Vidouvé, ii, 23
Vienna, regulations for the copyists in the University of, i, 220; book-trade in the University of, i, 279; the Cathedral of S. Stephen in, a centre of the book-trade, i, 283
Viliaric, a Gothic scribe, i, 43; an _antiquarius_, i, 245
Virgil, an Italian conjurer, i, 143
Visconti, Filippo Maria, i, 335
----, Galeazzo, i, 183
Visigoths, code of laws of, i, 225
Vitalis, Ordericus, _Chronicles_ of, i, 56, 60, 307
Vitensis, Victor, cited, i, 3
Vitet, concerning the Press in France in the sixteenth century, ii, 450
Vivaria, or Viviers, monastery of, founded, i, 10
_Voyage Littéraire de Deux Religieux Benedictins_, i, 131
Vüc, Joorquin de, bookseller to Duke Philip of Burgundy, i, 289
Vycey, Thomas, earliest _stationarius_ recorded in London, i, 312
W
Waldorfer, _see_ Valdarfer
Wandrille, Saint, _Chronicles_ of the monastery of, i, 227
Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii, 215
Warton, describes the library of the Abbey of Gembloux, i, 97
Wattenbach, _Das Schriftwesen_, etc., cited, i, 38 _ff._
Wearmouth, library collected for the monastery of, i, 95
Weissenburger, Johann, publisher for Luther, ii, 221
Wendover, Roger of, _see_ under Roger.
Wenzel, King of Bohemia, buys books in Paris, i, 218, 261
Westminster, Caxton’s printing-office at, ii, 113
White, Andrew, ii, 147
Wilfred, Saint, institutes the Benedictine monasteries, organises monastic schools, initiates instruction in music, i, 94
Willems, Alphonse, ii, 286
Willer, bookseller of Augsburg, prints the first classified catalogue known to the German book-trade, i, 397
William, Abbot of Hirschau, i, 70, 71; defends the cause of the Pope against the Emperor, i, 82
Wimpfeling, Jacob, on the intellectual supremacy of the Germans, ii, 162, 168
Windelin, secures a monopoly of printing in Venice, i, 408
Windesheim, the nuns of, producers of books, i, 90
Wipo, the _Tetralogus_ of, i, 225
Witigis, defeated by Belisarius, i, 20
Wittenberg as a publishing centre, ii, 233, 248
Wittikind, of Corvey, i, 58
Wittwer, Wilhelm, the catalogue of, i, 87
Wohlrabe, prints in Leipzig piracy editions of Lutheran literature, i, 402
Wolf, publisher of Basel, ii, 225
Wolff von Prunow, _Bibliopola_ of Heidelberg, i, 289
Women as book-dealers in Paris, i, 211
Women medical students in Salerno, i, 182
Worde, Wynken de, ii, 125, 133 _ff._, 468 _ff._
Worms, the Diet of, ii, 266; Edict of, ii, 241
Wright, Thomas, on the early English romances, i, 305
Wulfstan, Bishop of York, sermons of, i, 101
X
Xylography, i, 350
Y
York Cathedral, the library of, i, 108
York-Powell, and Vigfusson, _Corpus Poeticum Boreale_, of, i, 92
Z
Zainer, printer of Augsburg, i, 396
Zane, Archbishop of Spalato, ii, 354
Zarotus, printer of Milan, i, 447
Zasius, Ulrich, i, 173, 174; ii, 432
Zell, Matthäus, ii, 246
----, Ulrich, the first printer of Cologne, i, 292, 359, 387; ii, 109, 110, 136
Zeno, _libraire_ of Paris in the fourteenth century, schedule of his books, i, 271
Ziegelbauer, _Observationes Literariæ S. Benedicti_ of, i, 122; statistics of, concerning the monastery libraries, i, 135
Zink, Burkard, scribe of Augsburg, i, 41
Zosimus, Pope, the canons of, i, 116
Zurich, early printers of, i, 396
Zwingli, publishing arrangements of, i, 396; friend of Zasius, ii, 174; letters of, to Rhenanus, ii, 185 _ff._, 253
FOOTNOTES:
[1] _Italy and Her Invaders_, ii., 246.
[2] Victor Vitensis, cited by Hodgkin, ii., 247.
[3] _Italy_, ii., 297, 298.
[4] For this form of the name I am following the authority of Hodgkin.
[5] _Italy_, ii., 319.
[6] Cited by Hodgkin, iv., 119, 120.
[7] _Vita Probi_, ii., cited by Hodgkin.
[8] _The Letters of Cassiodorus._ Translated, with an Introduction, by Thomas Hodgkin, London, 1884, p. 57.
[9] _Letters of Cassiodorus_, p. 59.
[10] Cassiodorus, _Letters_, 8.
[11] Cassiodorus, _Letters_, 14.
[12] _Variæ_, ii., 17.
[13] _Hic post aliquot conversionis suæ annos abbas electus est, et monasterio multo tempore utiliter præfuit._--Quoted by Migne, _Patrologia_, lxix., 498.
(He was elected abbot here several years after his conversion, and for a long time he ruled the monastery wisely.)
[14] _Letters of Cassiodorus_, 54.
[15] _Italy_, iv., 391.
[16] Franz, _Cassiodorus_, p. 42.
[17] _De Institutione Div. Litt._ xxx. _Letters_, 57.
[18] In chapter xv., after cautioning his copyists against rash corrections of apparent faults in the Sacred MSS., he says: _Ubicunque paragrammata in disertis hominibus_ [Hodgkin interprets this term as referring to classical authors] _reperta fuerunt, intrepidus vitiosa recorrigat_. (Wherever mistakes in syntax are found in classical authors, he fearlessly corrects them.) The larger part of chapter xxviii. is devoted to an argument against _respuere sæcularium literarum studia_ (rejecting the study of secular literature).
[19] From the version by Clark.
[20] Clark, 15.
[21] Montalembert, ii., 45.
[22] Hodgkin, _Italy_, iv., 497, 498.
[23] _The Dark Ages_, London, 1845, Preface.
[24] _Gesch. des Gallo-Frankischen Unterrichts und Bildungs-wesens von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf Karl den Grossen_, Mainz, 1892, p. 37.
[25] Montalembert, _The Monks of the West_, i., 225.
[26] _Epistle_, 225. Cited by Montalembert.
[27] Denk, 127.
[28] Liv. v. _Primum Regum_, ch. xxx., Sec. 30. Montalembert, i., p. 144.
[29] Ozanam, _La Civilisation Chrétienne chez les Francs_, c. 9.
[30] Koepke, _Otton. Studien_, ii., p. 387.
[31] Ep. 130.
[32] Wattenbach, _Das Schriftwesen im Mittelalter_, p. 396.
[33] Dümmler, _Anselm der Peripatetiker_, 32.
[34] Grimm, J., _Kleine Schriften_, v., 190.
[35] _Pez, Thes._, vi., 2.
[36] _Das Schriftwesen_, p. 399.
[37] _Barstch, im anz. d. Germ. Mus._, v. 293.
[38] Paris, 1852, page 54.
[39] Géraud, _Paris sous Philippe-le-Bel_, 1837, p. 506.
[40] Lalanne, _Curiosités Bibl._, p. 318.
[41] _Die Chroniken der Deutschen Stadte_, v., 129.
[42] Barack, _Handschriften zu Donaueschingen_, p. 564.
[43] Wattenbach, 351.
[44] Wattenbach, 351.
[45] Rahn, Gesch. _der Bildenden Künste in der Schweiz_, i., 34.
[46] Massmann, _Die Goth. Urkunden von Neapel und Arezzo_, Wien, 1838, 402.
[47] Wattenbach, 90.
[48] Wattenbach, 357.
[49] _De Remediis Utriusque Fortunæ_, lib. i., dial. 43.
[50] Ep. vi., _Ad Flor._, i., 19.
[51] _Festilogium of Angus the Culdee._ Quoted by O’Curry.
[52] Montalembert, iii., 122.
[53] Montalembert, iii., 127.
[54] Montalembert, iii., 193.
[55] Adamnani, _Vita S. Columbæ_, edit. J. T. Forster, Introduction.
[56] Montalembert, vi., 167.
[57] Montalembert, vi., 169.
[58] _Fortunat. Oper._, lib. viii., c. i.
[59] _Théâtre de Hroswitha_, Paris, 1857.
[60] _Hist. Litt. de France_, ix., 130.
[61] Engelhart, _Herrad von Landsberg und ihr Werk_, Stuttgart, 1818.
[62] Görres, _Histor. Polit. Blätter_, xviii., 482.
[63] Père Cahier, c. i., 215.
[64] Mabillon, _Traité_, etc., 39.
[65] Montalembert, iv., 174.
[66] _Vita Cæsarii_, i., 33, 375.
[67] _Vita Harlindis et Reinilæ_ (written between 850 and 880), p. 5.
[68] Montalembert, iv., 375.
[69] Rockinger, ii., 7.
[70] Leuter, _Hist. Wessofont._, i., 166.
[71] Rockinger, ii., 13.
[72] _De Laude Scriptorum_, ii., 697. Paris, 1708.
[73] _Recherches sur la Bretagne_, 579.
[74] Marsham, Προπύλαιον, in _Monast. Anglican._, i.
[75] _De Excidio Britannorum_, London, 1586.
[76] Mont., iv., 204.
[77] Mabillon, _Annal. Bened._, book lxxii., ch. xlvi.
[78] _Gesch. der Frank. Kaiser_, ii., 15, 16.
[79] Mont., vi., 213.
[80] Mont., vi., 215.
[81] Vitalis, book iii., chap. xv.
[82] D’Achéry, in _Not. Oper. Guibert Novig._
[83] Ziegelbauer, ii., 520.
[84] Mont., vi., 185.
[85] Mont., vi., 186.
[86] Giesebrecht, _De Litter. Studiis apud Italos_, 52.
[87] _Epist._, i., 55.
[88] _Petri Dam. Opusc._, c. ix., p. 635.
[89] Mont., vi., 188.
[90] Martene, _De Antiq. Monach. Ritibus_, book iv., c. xviii., p. 289.
[91] Mont., vi., 191.
[92] Mont., vi., 194.
[93] Mabillon, _Analect._, book iv., p. 448.
[94] Ordericus Vitalis, cited by Mabillon, A. S. ix., 137.
[95] _Cæsar. Heisterb._, xii., 47. W. Schmidt. _Im Anz. des Germ. Mus. Iq._, 328-366.
[96] _Ulphilæ Fragm._, 380.
[97] _Zur Handschriftenkunde_, 138-140.
[98] _Alcuin and the Rise of the Christian Schools_, 73.
[99] _Gesta Abb. Fontanell._, iii., 16. _Mon. Germ._, xi., 292.
[100] _Mon. Germ._, ii., 95.
[101] Laurisheim, in Hesse-Darmstadt.
[102] Reifferscheid, lvi., 451.
[103] Maitland, 371.
[104] Winter, _Die Cisterc._, ii., 145.
[105] Cited by Maitland, 341.
[106] Delisle, _Recherches sur l’Ancienne Bibliothèque de Corbie_, xxiv., 288.
[107] Maitland, 40.
[108] _Canis. Ant. Lect._ ii., 230, cited by Maitland.
[109] Martene, _Voy. Lit._, 67.
[110] Wanley, _Cat. Lib. Sept._, p. 152.
[111] Martene, _Voy. Lit._, 56.
[112] Mait., 405.
[113] Pez, _Thes. Anecd. Noviss. Diss. Isagog._ in tom. i., 20.
[114] _Voy. Lit._, 99.
[115] _Nouv. Traité de Diplom._, iii., 190, cited by Mait., 407.
[116] _Ap. Nomast. Cisterc._, cap. lxxxvii., 272.
[117] _Herimanni Narratio Rest. Abb. S. Martini Torn._, 79; _Ap. Dach. Spicileg._, ii., 913.
[118] Mait., 414.
[119] Mait., 416.
[120] Mabillon, _Anal._, iv., 448.
[121] A Missal, containing, in addition to its usual contents, the Epistles and Gospels.
[122] Pez, _Thes. Anec. Noviss. Diss. Isagog._ in tom. i., p. 20.
[123] Mont. vi., p. 445.
[124] Trithemius, 235, 268.
[125] Trithemius, 266.
[126] Neugart, _Cod. Dipl. Alem._, ii., 334-338.
[127] _Oper. Inedita_, ed. Brewer, ii., p. 13.
[128] Pez, _Thes., Diss._, i., p. 4.
[129] _Mon. Germ. SS._, xiii., 557.
[130] Delprat, p. 324.
[131] Johann Busch, _Chron. Wind._, ii., 35, 409.
[132] _Libn. SS. Brunswick_, ii., 855.
[133] Turner’s _History of the Anglo-Saxons_, iv., c. 3.
[134] Montalembert, iv., 464.
[135] _Ang. Sac._, ii., 21.
[136] _Ibid._, i., 470.
[137] _Chron. Centul. ap. Dach. Sp._, ii., 311.
[138] Liv. lviii., chap. lii., p. 424.
[139] Mab., _A. S._, vii., 36.
[140] Maitland, 202.
[141] Sweet, H. King Alfred’s version of Gregory’s _Pastoral Care_. Early English Text Society. Lond., 1871-1872.
[142] Maitland, 29.
[143] _Collect._, iii., 7, 17.
[144] Descriptive catalogue of materials relating to the _History of Great Britain and Ireland_, vol. iii., preface.
[145] Wilkins, _Monast._, ii., 708.
[146] Dugd., _Monast._, iii., 309.
[147] _Ap. Gale. ser._, xiv., 311.
[148] See p. 95.
[149] _Alcuin_, 31.
[150] Cited by West, 34.
[151] _Alcuin_, 42.
[152] Version of West, 102.
[153] _Ep._ 101, Migne; 112., Jaffé, cited by West.
[154] Wattenbach, p. 362.
[155] West, 72.
[156] Wattenbach, 366.
[157] _Alcuin_, 92.
[158] _Alcuin_, 122, 123.
[159] Mullinger, 197.
[160] Lib. i., cap. xiii., _Ap. Bib. Pat._, tom. x., 572, cited by Maitland.
[161] _Alcuin_, 134.
[162] _Const._, ix., 418.
[163] _Alcuin_, 164.
[164] Ziegelbauer, i., 326.
[165] _Rise and Institution of Universities_, 26.
[166] _Schools of Charles the Great_, 8.
[167] Cited by West, _Alcuin_, II.
[168] Aug. Vindeloc, 4 vols., 1784.
[169] Cassiod., _Inst._, ch. xxiii.
[170] Mabillon, _Traité_, 43, 44.
[171] _Epist. ad Rustic._
[172] _Epist. ad Occam._ Quoted by Mabillon, 80.
[173] _History of Poetry_, dissert. ii.
[174] Montalembert, 147.
[175] Digby, _Mores Catholica_, x., 242.
[176] Ekk. in _Cassib._, c. i., p. 20.
[177] Ekkehart, _Lib. Benedict._, 345.
[178] _Ibid._, 247.
[179] Ekkehart, in _Cassib._, c. x.
[180] Arx, i., 260.
[181] Mabillon, _Réflexions sur la Réponse de M. l’Abbé de la Trappe_, i., 199.
[182] Giesebrecht. Quoted by Montalembert, vi., 150.
[183] Denk, 260.
[184] Denk, 270.
[185] D’Achéry, _Spicill._, ii., 77 (_Vita S. Eligii_).
[186] Mab., _Traité_, vii., 187.
[187] _Prov. Bib. Pat._, x., 1179.
[188] Maitland, 364.
[189] Ingulph, _Ap. Gale. ser._, v. 23.
[190] Maitland, 229.
[191] _Voy. Lit._, 252, cited by Maitland.
[192] _Voy. Lit._, ii., 13.
[193] Maitland, 200 (cited also by Wattenbach, see p. 112).
[194] Loup Ferrar, _Epist._, 62.
[195] Mont., vii., 178.
[196] _Petr. Diac. Chron. Cassin L._, iii., chap. xxxv.
[197] Mabillon, _Annal._, book 70, chap. vi.
[198] Maitland, 67.
[199] _Travels in Persia_, ii., 582.
[200] Gabr. Naudé, _Addit. à l’Histoire de Lowys XI._, par Comines, edit. de Fresnoy, iv., 281.
[201] Maitland, 68.
[202] Maitland, 70.
[203] Muratori, iii., 836.
[204] Montalembert, vi., 184.
[205] Murat., _Antiq._, iv., 789. (Quoted by Robertson as vol. ix. The work contains but six volumes.)
[206] 55, note.
[207] Maitland, 177.
[208] Fosbroke, 172.
[209] Maitland, 441.
[210] Lib. i., ep. xxiv., Bib. Clun., 653.
[211] Lib. iv., ch. xvii., Bib. Clun., 843.
[212] Watt., 482.
[213] _Iter Ital._, iv., 3.
[214] Valéry, _Correspondance de Mabillon et de Montfaucon_, i., 185.
[215] J. W. Clark, _Libraries in Mediæval Periods_, 12.
[216] Clark, 13.
[217] Quoted by Clark, 21.
[218] Clark, 27.
[219] Clark, 42.
[220] Maitland, 286.
[221] Blume, _Iter Ital._, i., 41.
[222] Bede, v., 20.
[223] Alcuin, _De Epp. Eborac_, v., 532. (See p. 108.)
[224] _Recherches sur l’Ancienne Bibliothèque de Corbie_, par Léopold Delisle. _Mém. de l’Institut_, xxiv., 266-342.
[225] _Gesch. der Stifts-Bibliothek_, Weidmann, 1841 (p. 486, Watt.).
[226] Wattenbach, 486.
[227] _Mon. Boic._, vii., 40, cited by Wattenbach.
[228] _Chron. Teg._ in Pez, _Thes._, iii., 3, 516.
[229] “Die Kongregation der Schöttenkloster,” _Archäol. Zeitschrift_ von Otte. und Quast., i., 55.
[230] Reifferscheid, quoted by Wattenbach, p. 489.
[231] Cod. 93, Schrift. v. Merlet, s. 263.
[232] Schulte, in d. _Wiener_, lxviii., 37 (Wattenbach, p. 490).
[233] _Arundel Catal._, p. 22.
[234] Guérard, _Cartulaire de St. Père-de-Ch._, ii., 395.
[235] Merlet, _Catal. des Livres de l’Abbaye de St. P.-de-Ch. au XIe Siècle_.
[236] Merryweather, p. 134. Dugdale, _Monast. Anglican_, ii., 24.
[237] Bentham, _Church of Ely_, p. 52, and Stevenson’s supplement to the same, p. 167.
[238] _Mecklenburger Urkundenbuch_, i., 501.
[239] Mone, _Zeitschr. f. Gesch. d. Oberrh._, viii., 308.
[240] Watt., p. 495.
[241] Pez, _Thes._, iii., 3, 541.
[242] Merzdorf, _Bibliothek Unterh._, N. S., 1850, p. 7.
[243] Blume, _Iter Ital._, ii., 78.
[244] _Histoire Lit. de la France_, xxiii., 710-714.
[245] A. Franklin, 224.
[246] Franklin, i., 340.
[247] Franklin, i., 257.
[248] J. Mone, _Im Anz. d. deutsch. Vorzeit_, vi., 255.
[249] _Codex Carolinus_, Jaffé. _Bibl._, iv., 101.
[250] Watt., p. 501.
[251] _Adem. Caban._, iii., 54.
[252] Watt., p. 502.
[253] Barrois, iv., 2.
[254] _Bibliothèque d. l’École de Chartres_, série v., iii., 45.
[255] Le Roux d. Lincy, in the _Bibl. de Lec. des Ch._, série iii., i., 151.
[256] Wilkens, _Gesch. d. Heidelb. Büchersammlungen_.
[257] Martin, Erzherzogin Mechthild, in _Der Zeitschrift für Gesch. Freiburgs_., 1871.
[258] The great work of Rashdall on the Universities of the Middle Ages was, unfortunately for me, published too late in 1895, to be available for use in the preparation of this chapter. It seemed proper, however, to include its title in my bibliography.
[259] Laurie, 69.
[260] Laurie, 101.
[261] Compayré, 112.
[262] Tiraboschi, Girolamo, _Litteratura Italiana_, tom. v., lib. i., p. 4.
[263] Tiraboschi, v., ii., 39.
[264] Savigny, i., 590.
[265] Kirchhoff, 23.
[266] Denifle, _op. cit._, iii., 295.
[267] Compayré, 231.
[268] Compayré, 250.
[269] Compayré, 61.
[270] Crévier, _Hist. de l’Université de Paris_, vii., 92.
[271] Compayré, 19.
[272] _Ibid._, 23.
[273] _Ibid._, 24.
[274] Malden, 15.
[275] Fournier, i., 8, cited by Compayré.
[276] Chevillier, Preface.
[277] Delalain, xi.
[278] _Recueil des Priviléges de Paris_, 1-9.
[279] _Cartulaire de l’Univ. de Paris_, i., 59.
[280] _Recueil des Priviléges_, v., 88.
[281] _Recueil des Priviléges._
[282] Pierre de Blois, cited by Vallet de Viriville, 96.
[283] Delalain, xi.
[284] Guérard, _Cartulaire de l’Église de Notre Dame de Paris_, iii., 73. 1270.
[285] Chassant, _Dict. des Abréviations Latines et Françaises Usitées dans les Manuscrits_, Paris, 1864.
[286] Chevillier, _op. cit._, 347.
[287] _Recueil des Priviléges_, 1674, 89, 95.
[288] _Actes Concernants le Pouvoir_, etc., _de l’Université de Paris_.
[289] The _livre Parisis_. De Wailly, cited by Delalain, xxix.
[290] Denifle, iii., 29.
[291] The _livre Parisis_ was the equivalent of twenty sols or twenty-five francs. The _sol_ equalled twelve deniers or one franc, or twenty cents. The _denier_ was of the value of one and three-fifths cents. In considering these “equivalents,” due allowance must of course be made for the very much larger purchasing power possessed by money in the fourteenth century than in the nineteenth. De Wailly, cited by Delalain, xxix., xl.
[292] Denifle, iii., 280.
[293] This regulation was identical with that of Bologna.
[294] Delalain, p. xxxvi.
[295] Delalain, p. xxxvi.
[296] Du Breuil, _op. cit._, 608.
[297] Kirchhoff, 68. Delalain (xl.) specifies a limit of 10 _sols_, 10.13 francs. This is, I think, an error.
[298] _Lettres Obtenues par des Imprimeurs et Libraires_, etc., 1649. _Recueil_, i., 3.
[299] Thurot, p. 65, cited by Compayré, 188.
[300] _Opus Major_, cited by Compayré, 188.
[301] Delisle, _Cartulaire de Normandie, Mém. des Antiquaires de Normandie_, 1852, ii., 6, 326.
[302] _Oper. Inedita._ Ed. Brewer, p. 13, Watt., 470.
[303] Broderie, _Bibl. de l’École de Chartres_, v., 3. 49. Watt., p. 472.
[304] The “Stationers or Text-Writers who wrote and sold all sorts of books then in use” secured their privileges as a Guild in 1403 from the Lord Mayor and Board of Aldermen of London.
The Company had, however, no control over printed books until it received its charter from Mary and Philip, in 1557. Curwen, 18.
[305] Kirchhoff, 115.
[306] Kirchhoff, 187.
[307] Paulsen, 41.
[308] _Griech. u. Lat. Messen._, p. 155.
[309] (V., 4, 22.)
[310] p. 449.
[311] Wipo, _Tetralogus_, v., 197 _ff._
[312] Wattenbach, 450.
[313] _Mab. Acta. Ss._, ii., 445, Ed. Ven.
[314] _Vita Benedicti Abb._, c. 4, 6, 9, cited by Wattenbach, p. 450.
[315] _Chron. Fontanell._, c. 7; _Mon. Germ._, ii., 274.
[316] _De Pontiff Eborac._, v. 1453; _Alcuini Opera_, ii., 256; _Bibl._, vi., 125.
[317] p. 451.
[318] _Georg. Cedrenus._, i., 444, Ed. Bonn.
[319] Wattenbach, 452.
[320] Grimm, _Kleine Schriften_, v., 191.
[321] _Vita S. Ludovici_, Gaufrido de Belloloco, Bouq. xx., 15.
[322] Wattenbach, 457.
[323] Westwood, _Miniatures and Ornaments_, xxii., 6.
[324] Gesta. Abb. Gemblacensium, _Mon. Germ. Ss._, viii., 540.
[325] Wattenbach, 459.
[326] Wittwer, in Steichele’s _Arch. f. Gesch. der Bisth._, Augsburg, iii., 164.
[327] Wattenbach, p. 465.
[328] Mone, in der _Zeitsch. f. Gesch. der Oberrh._, i., 309, 310.
[329] _Philobiblon_, c. 8.
[330] _Iter Ital._, iv., 179.
[331] _Epp. Leon. Aret._, Ed. Mehus., iv., 8.
[332] _Ambrogii Epistolæ_, Ed. Mehus., p. 517.
[333] The Faculty of theology in Bologna was not established until 1352, but the statement is sufficiently correct for the period here referred to.
[334] Blume, _Iter_, vol. ii., p. 71.
[335] Poggii Florentini, _Opera_, Argentinæ, 1513, vol. ii., 102.
[336] Schier, _De Regia Bibliothecæ Budensis_, Viennæ, 1799, vol. viii., 21.
[337] Denis, tom. i., 849.
[338] Mittarelli, p. 258.
[339] Tiraboschi, ii., 40.
[340] Mittarelli, 383.
[341] Mittarelli, 933.
[342] Mucciolo, J. M., _Catalogus Codd. Mss. Malatest Cæsan._ Biblioth. Fratr. Min. Convent, i., 95. Cæsanæ, 1780.
[343] Petit-Radel, _Recherches sur les Bibliothèques Anciennes_, etc., Paris, 1819, p. 155.
[344] Kirchhoff, p. 40.
[345] p. 41.
[346] Bandini, _Codd. Lat._, ii., 727.
[347] Pasini, _Rivantella et Berta_, pars ii., 77.
[348] Endlicher, _Catalogus Codd. MSS. Biblioth. Palat. Vendo Bonensis_, tom. i., 89.
[349] Martene et Durand, tom. iii., 536.
[350] Coxe, _Coll. Lincoln_, tom. i., pp. 31 and 32.
[351] Kirchhoff, _Weitere Beiträge_, vii., 8.
[352] Filelfo, _Epistolæ_, x., 25.
[353] Bandini, _Codd. Lat._, tom. ii., 145.
[354] Bandini, _Codd. Lat._, tom. ii., 251.
[355] Kirchhoff, p. 55.
[356] _History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain._ By Ahmed Ibu Mohammed Al-Makkari, translated by Pascual de Gayangos. 2 vols., quarto. London, 1843.
[357] Géraud, H., _Paris sous Philippe-le-Bel_, Paris, 1837, iv., 608.
[358] Petit-Radel, 106.
[359] Kirchhoff, 62.
[360] _Catalogue Général des Manuscrits des Bibliothèques Publiques_, etc., Paris, 1849, tom. i., 172.
[361] Chevillier, _L’Origine de l’Imprimerie de Paris_, 1694, iv., 346.
[362] Chevillier, 369.
[363] _Gesch. der Präger Univers. Bibliothek._, Prague, 1851, viii., 8 and 9.
[364] Denis, part ii., p. 1262.
[365] Denis, part ii., p. 1285, quoted by Kirchhoff, p. 71.
[366] Chevillier, 336.
[367] Adrian, J. V., _Catalogus Codd. MSS. Biblioth. Acad. Gissensis_, 1840, iv., 276-278.
[368] Géraud, p. 175.
[369] Bulæus, iv., 62.
[370] _Chronique Métrique de Godefroy de Paris_, Buchon, Paris, 1827, viii., 167.
[371] De La Caille, _Histoire de l’Imprimerie_, Paris, 1689, iv., 5.
[372] Garnier, 275.
[373] Bulæus, iv., 449.
[374] Lalanne, 307.
[375] _Bibli. de l’École de Chartres_, v., 67.
[376] Kirchhoff, 100.
[377] _Gesch. der Prager Univ. Biblioth._, Prague, 1851, p. 24.
[378] _Kirch._, p. 112.
[379] Kirch., p. 114.
[380] Delprat, _Verhandlung over de Broederschop van G. Groote_, Amsterdam, 1858.
[381] Wattenbach, 476.
[382] Wattenbach, 478.
[383] Haupt, in _Der Zeitschrift f. Deutsches Alterthum_, iii., 191.
[384] Denis, ii., 2144. Cited by Kirchhoff, 131.
[385] Mone, _Zeitschrift f. Gesch. d. Oberrheins_, i., 312.
[386] _Litterar. Grundiss zur Gesch. d. Deutsch. Poesie_, Berlin, 1812, 307.
[387] Kirchhoff, 119.
[388] Kirchhoff, 120.
[389] _Gesch. d. Offentl. Bibliothek zu Bamberg_, Nurnberg, 1832, p. xvii.
[390] Kirch., 120.
[391] Kirch., 121.
[392] Else, i., 242.
[393] Kapp, 18.
[394] Kapp, 20.
[395] Kapp, 21.
[396] Kapp, 24.
[397] _Early English Poetry_, Introduction, xi.
[398] _English Wayfaring Life_, 188.
[399] _The Old Printer_, p. 43.
[400] _Literary History_, i., 176.
[401] _Literary History_, i., 182.
[402] Oesterly, _Die Literatur der Urkundensammlungen_, 2 vols., Berlin, 1885-86.
[403] _Selection of Latin Stories from the MSS. of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries._ Percy Society, London, 1842.
[404] Harrison’s _Description of England_. Ed. Furnivall. Part i., book ii., chap. xviii.
[405] Roger’s _History of Agriculture and Prices in England_, iv., 155.
[406] Delisle, _Hist. Litt. de la France_, xxx., 334.
[407] _Philobiblon_, Lond. 1888, chap. i., pp. 12, 13.
[408] Huber, _The English Universities_, London, 1840, p. 273.
[409] Hartshorne, C. A., _The Book Rarities of the University of Cambridge_, London, 1829, p. 338.
[410] Coxe, _College of Merton_, p. 107.
[411] _Donnée des Comptes des Roys de France, au 14e Siècle._ Paris, 1852, p. 227.
[412] Coxe, _History of New College_, p. 37.
[413] _Renaissance in Italy--The Revival of Learning_, pp. 15, 16.
[414] _Renaissance in Italy--The Revival of Learning_, pp. 55-56.
[415] _Revival of Learning_, p. 43.
[416] _Revival of Learning_, p. 256.
[417] _Civilisation During the Middle Ages_, 378.
[418] _Revival of Learning_, 22.
[419] _Revival of Learning_, p. 284.
[420] Pattison’s _Casaubon_, 453, 454.
[421] Kapp, _Geschichte_, etc., I.
[422] Humphreys, 38.
[423] Humphreys, 39.
[424] Cited by Humphreys, 59.
[425] Humphreys, 57.
[426] Meerman, cited by Humphreys, 58.
[427] Humphreys, 66.
[428] Kapp, 42.
[429] Kapp, 59.
[430] Burckhardt, _Die Kultur der Renaissance_, i., 239.
[431] Kapp, 60.
[432] Schneegans, p. 142.
[433] Kapp, 62.
[434] Kapp, 62.
[435] Wetter, J., _Gesch. der Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst_, 483.
[436] Schmidt, C., _Gesch. der ältesten Bibliothek in Strasburg_, 1881, p. 92.
[437] Kapp, 71.
[438] Madden, iv., 40.
[439] Humphreys, 99.
[440] Linde, p. 65.
[441] Schmidt, C., 160.
[442] Kapp, 91.
[443] Kirchhoff, A., _Gesch. des Deutsch. Buchhandels_, Leipzig, 1851, i., 41.
[444] Erasmi, _Opera_, London, 1703, iii., 105.
[445] Kirch., i., 103.
[446] Kapp, 121.
[447] _Aufsätze der Buchhandlung_, p. 6.
[448] Frommann, p. 30.
[449] _Sagittarii Historia Gothana_, Jena, 1701, quoted by Frommann, 43.
[450] Humphreys, 117.
[451] Humphreys, 121.
[452] Lorck, C. B., _Handbuch der Gesch. der Buchdrucker-Kunst_, 13, Leipzig, 1882.
[453] Humphreys, 124.
Corrections
The first line indicates the original, the second the correction:
p. xvi
The Inventon of Printing and the Work of the First Printers of Holland and Germany
The Invention of Printing and the Work of the First Printers of Holland and Germany
p. xx
British Monachisn; Manners and Customs of Monks and Nuns British Monachism; Manners and Customs of Monks and Nuns
p. xxiv
Geschichte der Enstehung u. Entwickelung der hohen Schulen Geschichte der Entstehung u. Entwickelung der hohen Schulen
Zeitschrift fur Gesch. des Oberrheins. Zeitschrift für Gesch. des Oberrheins.
p. xxvi
Iter Litterarium in Alsatiant Iter Litterarium in Alsatiam
p. xxvii
Geschichte der Erfindung der Buchdrückerkunst Geschichte der Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst
p. 7
“... should stigmatise him as a dangerous and heterodox author.” “... should stigmatise him as a dangerous and heterodox author.”[5]
p. 15
for the purpose of my narrrative, for the purpose of my narrative,
p. 144
forms an important contribution to the monastic history of the country and contain not a few references
forms an important contribution to the monastic history of the country and contains not a few references
p. 166
as a guide for the same, a work entited _Biblionomia_. as a guide for the same, a work entitled _Biblionomia_.
p. 213
conservés en la jouissance de tours les droicts; conservés en la jouissance de tous les droicts;
p. 217
found themselves very largely dependent upon the scholary interests found themselves very largely dependent upon the scholarly interests
p. 221
As Savigny puts its: As Savigny puts it:
p. 227
In 658, S. Gertrud In 658, S. Gertrude
p. 238
Di Sasso who, in 1481, came into asssociation with the Brothers Brushi Di Sasso who, in 1481, came into association with the Brothers Brushi
p. 245
This codex was completed in the stall of Master Valiaric, bookseller; This codex was completed in the stall of Master Viliaric, bookseller;
p. 291
and among the citzen class an earlier interest and among the citizen class an earlier interest
p. 297
between the scholars of Italy and the instructtors between the scholars of Italy and the instructors
p. 300
At the end of the fourteeth century At the end of the fourteenth century
p. 302
very largely by means of reciters or ministrels. very largely by means of reciters or minstrels.
p. 309
prepare plentiful stores of provisons prepare plentiful stores of provisions
p. 311
with the book-trade by its use as an appelation with the book-trade by its use as an appellation
p. 390
censorship upon the press which occured censorship upon the press which occurred
p. 408
Jenson was afforded any opportunity for excercising his art in Paris Jenson was afforded any opportunity for exercising his art in Paris
Footnote 320
Grimm, _Kleine Schrifter_, v., 191. Grimm, _Kleine Schriften_, v., 191.
Footnote 452
Lorck, C. B., _Handbuch der Gesch. der Buchdrücker-Kunst_, 13, Leipzig, 1882.
Lorck, C. B., _Handbuch der Gesch. der Buchdrucker-Kunst_, 13, Leipzig, 1882.
Errata
p. 255
Ibun-l-abbáns and Ibun-l-abbar should read Ibn al-Abbar
p. xxviii, Footnote 254, 303, 375
Bibliothèque de l’École de Chartres should read Bibliothèque de l’École de Chartes
p. 462, 463
The address New York: 29 West 23d St. London: 24 Bedford St., Strand should read New York: 27 West 23d St. London: 24 Bedford St., Strand