Part 17

=Flowers= greenish-white, many in spiked raceme. =Labellum= oblong-linear, white, spur long. =Sepals= and =petals= ⅓ to ½ as long as labellum. Sepals spreading, petals smaller. =Stem= or scape 1-2½ feet high, _bracted_, occasionally producing one small stem-leaf. =Leaves= 2, basal, large, round, flat-lying, 4-7 inches in diameter.

_Continental Range_—Not uncommon, but scarcely abundant, from Newfoundland, British Columbia, Lake Superior, southward to the western mountains of North Carolina; westward to Montana, Idaho, and Washington.

_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, common; Vermont, frequent; Massachusetts, occasional; Rhode Island, not reported; Connecticut, rather rare.

2.—HABENARIA HOOKERIANA A. Gray, 1836

SMALL, ROUND-LEAVED ORCHIS—HOOKER’S ORCHIS

The specific name, _Hookeriana_, refers to Sir J. Hooker, who studied this orchid and in whose honor Dr. Gray designated it.

Damp, hilly woodland orchid with fleshy-fibrous roots. June 10th-August 22d.

=Flowers= many, subtended by small bracts in spiked raceme, yellowish-green; spike 4-8 inches long. =Labellum= linear-lanceolate, acute ⅓-½ inch long. =Sepals= and =petals= greenish, spreading; petals awl-shaped ⅓ inch long. =Stem= 8-18 inches high, _not bracted_. =Leaves= 2, oval, obovate, or orbicular, slightly ascending, 3-6 inches long.

_Continental Range_—From Nova Scotia, Lake Huron, Lake Superior, southward to New Jersey and Pennsylvania, westward to Indiana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Iowa.

_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, frequent; Vermont, frequent; Massachusetts, occasional; Rhode Island, rare; Connecticut, rare.

3.—HABENARIA OBLONGIFOLIA (Paine) Niles, 1865-1903

SMALL OBLONG-LEAVED ORCHIS

The specific name, _oblongifolia_, refers to the oblong leaves.

Damp, hilly woodland orchid with fleshy-fibrous roots. June-August.

=Flowers= many in spiked raceme, yellowish-green similar or identical with the spike of flowers of _H. Hookeriana_. =Stem= 8-18 inches high, _not bracted_. =Leaves= 2, _oblong_, ascending.

_Continental Range_—In similar situations with _H. Hookeriana_ and _H. orbiculata_, from Nova Scotia (Macoun) Campbellton, New Brunswick, (Chalmers), Chelsea Mountains, Quebec (Fletcher’s _Flora_, Ottawa); southward to New York (Paine and Dudley), New Jersey (Mrs. Britton), and throughout New England States; westward to Iowa.

4.—HABENARIA OBTUSATA (Pursh) Richardson, 1814-1823[69]

SUB-ALPINE GREENISH BOG-ORCHIS

The specific name, _obtusata_, refers to the obtuse or blunt sepals and labellum of this species.

Small sub-alpine bogland orchid, with fibrous roots. June 22d-July 30th-September.

=Flowers=, greenish-yellow in loose spiked raceme 1-2½ inches long; flowers ¼ inch long. =Labellum= blunt or obtuse, deflexed, entire. =Lateral sepals= spreading, oblong and obtuse. =Petals= shorter, obtusely 2-lobed at base. =Stem= slender, _not bracted_, 4-10 inches high, 4-angled. =Leaf= 1, basal, obovate.

_Continental Range_—From Alaska, southward throughout Canada to Mt. Wachusett, Massachusetts; westward to Minnesota, Wyoming, Montana, and Colorado.

_New England Range_—Maine, frequent; New Hampshire, frequent; Vermont, rare; Massachusetts, very rare; Mt. Wachusett (Dr. G. E. Stone); Mt. Washington (Henry Baldwin); Rhode Island, not reported; Connecticut, not reported.

5.—HABENARIA HYPERBOREA (Linnæus) R. Brown, 1767-1813

TALL GREEN NORTHERN ORCHIS

The specific name, _hyperborea_, refers to the species being tall and a boreal or northern orchid.

Cold bogland or damp woodland orchid, with thick fleshy roots. May 30th-July 28th-August 18th.

=Flowers= small, greenish-yellow, on bracted spike 3-8 inches long; infrequent, said to be constructed for self-fertilization, if insects fail to visit the flowers. =Labellum= lanceolate, obtuse, and entire. =Sepals= and =petals= obtuse, ovate, ⅙-¼ inch long; upper sepal crenulate at apex. =Stem= tall, stout, leafy, 8 inches to 3 feet high. =Leaves= many lanceolate, acute. =Seed-capsule= much twisted.

_Continental Range_—From Greenland, Yakutat Bay and eastern part of Kadiak Island and vicinity of Sitka, Alaska, to Fort Franklin; southward to Pennsylvania and New Jersey; westward to Minnesota, Montana, Washington, New Mexico, and California. This species is closely allied with the Tall White Fragrant Bog-Orchis (_H. dilatata_). The latter, however, is not constructed for self-fertilization. Several species of _Habenaria_ appear to intergrade with each other more or less throughout their range.

_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, frequent; Vermont, abundant; Massachusetts, infrequent; Rhode Island, not reported; Connecticut, rare.

6.—HABENARIA MEDIA (Rydberg) Niles, 1901-1903[70]

INTERMEDIATE BOG-ORCHIS

The specific name, _media_, refers to the intermediate form of this species between _H. hyperborea_ and _H. dilatata_.

A tall bogland orchid, with fleshy roots. June-August.

=Flowers= greenish-purplish, spike densely flowered; it has often been confused with _H. hyperborea_ and _H. dilatata_, which it closely resembles. Type specimen from Quebec. =Labellum= lanceolate, entire, obtuse, slightly dilated at the base; spur exceeding the labellum, curved and obtuse. =Sepals= ovate-oblong; petals lanceolate, obtuse. =Stem= 16 inches to 2½ feet high, rather stout. =Leaves= lanceolate, acute. Seed-capsule ⅖ inch long.

_Continental Range_—In bogs from Quebec, southward to New York and New England.

_New England Range_—There are no authoritative stations reported as yet, although the author collected intermediate forms of _H. hyperborea_ in Dimmick Swamp, Pownal, Vermont, July, 1903, answering to Dr. Rydberg’s descriptions of this form. It is also reported by Marcus White and A. LeRoy Andrews for Pownal Swamps.[71]

7.—HABENARIA DILATATA (Pursh) Hooker, 1814-1825

TALL WHITE NORTHERN ORCHIS

The specific name, _dilatata_, refers to the dilated condition of the labellum of this orchid.

A tall slender or stout bogland orchid, with fleshy-fibrous or tuberous roots. June 2d-August 23d.

=Flowers= white, small, in a densely flowered spike 2-10 inches long. Slightly fragrant. Not constructed for self-fertilization as the closely allied species _H. hyperborea_. =Labellum= entire, dilated, or obtusely 3-lobed at base. =Spur= blunt and incurved. =Sepals= ovate, obtuse, and small. =Stem= slender, often stout, inferring that an intermediate form exists, which Dr. Rydberg has designated specifically as _fragrans_. =Leaves= lanceolate. =Seed-capsule= much twisted.

_Continental Range_—From Ankow River, Ocean Cape, Alaska, and Unalaska in latitude 60° North; southward to Litchfield, Connecticut, Amherst, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania; westward to Minnesota, Wyoming, Colorado, also occurring in the cañons of Clear Water Valley, Idaho.

_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, frequent; Vermont, frequent; Massachusetts, infrequent; Rhode Island, not reported; Connecticut, rare.

8.—HABENARIA FRAGRANS (Rydberg) Niles, 1901-1903[72]

FRAGRANT SLENDER BOG-ORCHIS

The specific name, _fragrans_, refers to the exquisite fragrance of this species, which is so closely allied with _H. dilatata_ and of which it appears to be a form.

Slender bogland orchid, with fleshy-fibrous roots. July.

=Flowers= small, pure white, very fragrant; in a slender spiked raceme. =Labellum= narrowly linear, dilated at the base, obtuse, shorter than the curved filiform spur; otherwise as the preceding species. =Sepals= lanceolate, acutish, strongly striate. =Stem= very slender and leafy above, 8-12 inches high. =Leaves= linear, several.

_Continental Range_—Reported from a single station in Vermont. Slender forms of _H. dilatata_, very fragrant and slightly so, are present in the bogs of Pownal, Vermont, and North Adams, Massachusetts, where the writer has collected them, believing that they were forms brought about by the intergrading of the bogland _Habenarias_ closely associated. Species of _Habenaria_ appear to produce natural hybrids readily.[73]

_New England Range_—Vermont.

9.—HABENARIA BRACTEATA (Willdenow) R. Brown, 1805-1813

LONG BRACTED ORCHIS

The specific name, _bracteata_, refers to the long bracts, subtending the seed-capsules of this species.

A slender bracted bogland orchid, with fleshy-fibrous roots. May 8th-July 14th-August 12th.

=Flowers= small, greenish, in a loosely flowered spike, 3-5 inches long, subtended by long bracts. =Labellum= long, spatulate 2-3 toothed or lobed, twice as long as sac-like spur. =Sepals= ovate-lanceolate, spreading, dilated, at base; =petals= very narrow, threadlike. =Stem= leafy, slender, or stout, 6 inches to 2 feet high. =Leaves= lanceolate, oval.

_Continental Range_—From Sitka and Unalaska to the Great Plains, approaching the Rocky Mountains in latitude 55° North; southward throughout New England to North Carolina; westward to Minnesota, North and South Dakota, and Montana.

_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, common; Vermont, common; Massachusetts, frequent; Rhode Island, rare; Connecticut, rather rare.

10.—HABENARIA CLAVELLATA (Michaux) Sprengel, 1803-1826

SMALL YELLOWISH BOG-ORCHIS—SMALL WOOD-ORCHIS

The specific name, _clavellata_, refers to the club-shaped appendages of stigma or clavate spur attached to the flowers of this species.

A small bogland or woodland orchid, with fibrous roots. May 17th (Missouri), June (Alabama); July 15th-August (Maine).

=Flowers= small greenish-yellow, in a loosely flowered spike ½-2 inches long. =Labellum= dilated, 3-toothed at apex; spur longer than ovary, clavate. =Sepals= and =petals= ovate. =Stem= 8-18 inches high. =Leaf= 1, near the base, 1-3 bracts above.

_Continental Range_—From Lake Huron, Newfoundland, southward to Alabama; westward to Indiana, and Missouri. Ascends 6000 feet altitude in North Carolina.

_New England Range_—Maine, frequent; New Hampshire, frequent; Vermont, infrequent; Massachusetts, infrequent; Rhode Island, frequent; Connecticut, frequent.

11.—HABENARIA FLAVA (Linnæus) A. Gray, 1753-1840

TUBERCLED ORCHIS

The specific name, _flava_, comes from the Latin _flavous_, referring to the yellow flowers of this orchid.

A damp meadow or sphagnous woodland orchid, with fleshy-fibrous roots. May (Florida), June 5th-August 25th (New England).

=Flowers= dull greenish-yellow, small, in a spiked raceme. =Labellum= entire, crenulated with obtuse tooth on each side, and a central tubercle at middle of base. =Sepals= and =petals= roundish, ¼ inch long. Sepals yellowish. =Stem= stout leafy 1-2 feet high. =Leaves= elliptic, acute; =bracts= longer than seed-capsule.

_Continental Range_—From Crow River, Hastings County, Ontario, Canada, southward to Alabama and the wooded Tidal Swamps, Duval County, Florida; westward to Minnesota and Missouri.

_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, frequent; Vermont, infrequent; Massachusetts, occasional; Rhode Island, common; Connecticut, common.

12.—HABENARIA CILIARIS (Linnæus) R. Brown, 1753-1813[74]

YELLOW-FRINGED ORCHIS

The specific name, _ciliaris_, refers to the fringed labellum, from the Latin _ciliate_,—beset with _cilia_ or hairs, like eyelashes fringing the eyelids.

A tall, wet, sandy meadow or pine barren orchid, with small fibrous roots. June-July 7th-August 14th.

=Flowers= large, showy, orange-yellow, fringed, in a many-flowered, spiked raceme, 3-6 inches long; nearly 3 inches broad. =Labellum= oblong and fringed. =Sepals= orbicular to ovate; lateral sepals reflexed; =spur= 1-1½ inch long, very slender; =petals= toothed, oblong, much smaller. =Stem= slender, leafy, 1-2½ feet high. =Leaves= lanceolate, 4-8 inches long, becoming bract-like above.

_Continental Range_—From Essex County, Canada, southward to New England, the pine barrens of New Jersey, Alabama, and Florida; westward to Illinois and Nebraska. The fringed _Habenarias_ are among our most beautiful native orchids, gracing lake-side solitudes with their flame-like spikes of purple, white, or orange.

_New England Range_—Maine, not reported; New Hampshire, rare; Vermont, rare; Massachusetts, rare; Rhode Island, rare; Connecticut, rare.

13.—HABENARIA BLEPHARIGLOTTIS (Willdenow) Torrey, 1805-1826

WHITE-FRINGED ORCHIS

The specific name, _blephariglottis_, refers to the fringed throat of this orchid.

A slender bogland orchid, in similar situations with _H. ciliaris_, with fleshy-fibrous roots. June (Alabama)-July 23d-August (New England).

=Flowers= pure white, in a loosely and many-flowered spiked raceme, smaller than those of _H. ciliaris_, with which it seems to intergrade. =Labellum= narrow, oblong, slightly fringed. =Petals= toothed or sparsely fringed. =Stem= leafy, slender, 1-2 feet high.

_Continental Range_—From Newfoundland southward to New England, North Carolina, and Alabama; westward to Minnesota. Intermediate forms between the Yellow-Fringed and the White-Fringed _Habenarias_ are probably natural hybrids, as they are closely associated in their haunts during July and August, the hybrid usually being of a lighter yellow, blooming slightly earlier than the type species.

_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, frequent; Vermont, infrequent; Massachusetts, frequent; Rhode Island, infrequent; Connecticut, rare.

14.—HABENARIA HOLOPETALA (Lindley) A. Gray, 1835-1867[75]

CREAM-FRINGED ORCHIS

The specific name, _holopetala_, refers to the petals being complete, entire.

A small bogland orchid, with fleshy-fibrous roots. July-August.

=Flowers= beautiful, smaller than in preceding species, cream, or lighter yellow than _H. ciliaris_. =Labellum= sparingly fringed. =Petals= narrower and entire. =Stem= 1 foot high. =Leaves= similar to type species _H. blephariglottis_ and _H. ciliaris_.

_Continental Range_—From Canada southward to Alabama, North Carolina, in company with _H. blephariglottis_.

_New England Range_—Refer to range of _H. blephariglottis_ for New England.

15.—HABENARIA LACERA (Michaux) R. Brown, 1803-1810

RAGGED-FRINGED GREEN ORCHIS

The specific name, _lacera_, refers to the lacerate or ragged and torn appearance of the fringed labellum of this species.

A bogland, meadow, or woodland orchid, with fleshy-fibrous roots. June 20th-July 15.

=Flowers= greenish-yellow, in loose-flowered spike, 2-6 inches long. =Labellum= 3-parted, deeply fringed or ragged. =Sepals= ovate, obtuse, upper one broader than lower ones. =Stem= slender or stout, leafy, 1-2½ feet high. =Leaves= lanceolate, 5-8 inches long; bract-like above.

_Continental Range_—From Nova Scotia southward to Georgia and Alabama; westward to Minnesota and Indiana.

In Thompson’s Swamps, Pownal, Vermont, this species intergrades with _H. psycodes_ and _H. clavellata_. The hybrids, or those crossed with _H. psycodes_ produce flowers with light purple, and less fringed than in the true type of _H. lacera_; while those crossed with _H. clavellata_ are much less ragged fringed than in the type form of _H. lacera_, although in a much smaller spike, with nearly white or creamy-green flowers, resembling a large spike of _H. clavellata_.

_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, common; Vermont, common; Massachusetts, infrequent; Rhode Island, frequent; Connecticut, common.

16.—HABENARIA GRANDIFLORA (Bigelow) Torrey, 1824-1826

(_Habenaria fimbriata_ A. Gray, 1867)

LARGE PURPLE-FRINGED ORCHIS—LONG PURPLES—DEAD-MEN’S FINGERS—DEAD-MEN’S THUMBS

The specific name, _grandiflora_, refers to the grand flowers of this species; the most beautiful among the bogland _Habenarias_.

Tall, damp woodland or bogland orchid, with fleshy-fibrous or palmate roots. June-July 22d-August 16th.

=Flowers= lilac or deep purple, fragrant in densely-flowered spiked raceme; 3-15 inches long; 1-2½ inches broad. Rarely white flowered spikes occur. =Labellum= 3-parted, ½-1 inch broad; ½ inch long, deeply fringed. =Sepals= and =petals= connivent, somewhat toothed. =Spur= 1-1½ inch long, clavate. =Stem= leafy, 1-5 feet high. =Leaves= numerous, oblong, 4-10 inches long, 1-3 inches wide; bract-like above.

_Continental Range_—From Nova Scotia southward to North Carolina; westward to Wisconsin and Michigan.

_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, common; Vermont, frequent; Massachusetts, frequent; Rhode Island, frequent; Connecticut, common.

17.—HABENARIA PSYCODES (Linnæus) A. Gray, 1753-1840

SMALL PURPLE-FRINGED ORCHIS—LONG PURPLES—DEAD-MEN’S FINGERS—DEAD-MEN’S THUMBS

The specific name, _psycodes_, comes from the Greek _psychoda_, a butterfly, probably referring to the dainty poise of the fringed, and winged-petaled flowers.

Tall bogland or damp woodland orchid, with fleshy or palmately-tuberous roots. July 1st-August-September.

=Flowers= pink-purple, rarely white, very fragrant in densely flowered spiked raceme, 2-6 inches long; 1-1½ inches broad. =Labellum= 3-parted, fan-shaped, fringed, ⅓-½ inch broad, much smaller and often confused with the larger species (_H. grandiflora_). =Sepals= and =petals= similar in texture, lower sepals ovate, upper one narrower. Petals oblong, toothed on upper margin. =Spur= clavate at apex. =Stem= leafy, 1-3 feet high.

_Continental Range_—From Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Lake Huron southward to the swampy meadows in the western mountains of North Carolina; westward to Minnesota in tamarack sphagnous swamps.

_New England Range_—Maine, very common; New Hampshire, common; Vermont, common; Massachusetts, frequent; Rhode Island, common; Connecticut, frequent.

18.—HABENARIA ANDREWSEII White n. sp. (per letter), 1903

ANDREWS’ ROSE-PURPLE ORCHIS

_Habenaria psycodes_ × _lacera_ White and Andrews, _Rhodora_ 3:245-248, 1901

The specific name, _Andrewseii_, refers to the species being named in honor of Dr. A. LeRoy Andrews, who described this species as a varietal form of _H. psycodes_ × _lacera_. The species was first discovered and collected by Mr. Marcus White, July 22, 1899.

Tall bogland orchid, with fleshy roots. July 22d-August 16th.

=Flowers= white, to rose-purple. =Labellum= about ⅓-½ inch broad, divisions deeply cleft as in _Habenaria lacera_, yet more numerous. =Sepals= round-oval, obtuse. =Petals= cuneate-spatulate and denticulate above. Arms of column slightly acute, similar to _Habenaria psycodes_. =Pollen= stalked, greenish-yellow, somewhat 2-lobed, not obstructing the orifice of nectary, as observed in _Habenaria lacera_. =Spur= longer than ovary, clavate, much enlarged below. =Ovary= intermediate or rather short. =Stem= leafy, 1-2½ feet high. =Raceme= of flowers not as broad as in _Habenaria psycodes_, but more nearly resembling the spike of _Habenaria lacera_ in form, yet fewer-flowered. =Leaves= several, as in _Habenaria lacera_.

_Continental Range_—Pownal Swamps, southwestern Vermont; no other station appears to be reported for this natural hybrid of the Purple-Fringed and Ragged Orchises (_H. psycodes_ and _H. lacera_), yet it appears to be flourishing and increasing in numbers in its special haunts.

_New England Range_—Vermont, rare; Pownal Swamps August 5, 1901 (Marcus White and A. LeRoy Andrews); August 10-16, 1903 (Grace G. Niles).

IV

Pogonia

Jussieu, 1789

SWEET POGONIAS

The generic name, _Pogonia_, comes from the Greek Πωγωνίας, signifying _bearded_, from the bearded labellum of the type species.

Small bogland or woodland orchids, with fibrous creeping roots. =Anther=, 1. =Labellum= erect from base of the column, spurless. =Sepals= and =petals= free. =Anther= terminal, stalked, attached to back of column. =Pollinia=, 2, 1 in each anther-sac, powdery-granular, without caudicle. =Flowers= solitary or 1-3 in terminal raceme. =Leaves= 1-5, alternating, or in whorls as in _Pogonia verticillata_. Seedlings numerous in many places.

_Continental Range_—There are about forty-five species of this genus distributed in the wooded regions of the world. The species of _Pogonia_ have formerly been confused with _Arethusa_.

North American species north of Mexico 5 New England species 4 Hoosac Valley species 3-4

New England species:

1. _P. ophioglossoides_ (Linnæus) Ker, 1753-1816. 2. _P. trianthophora_ (Swartz) B. S. P., 1800-1888. 3. _P. verticillata_ (Willdenow) Nuttall, 1805-1818. 4. _P. affinis_ Austin, 1867.

1.—POGONIA OPHIOGLOSSOIDES (Linnæus) Ker, 1753-1816

ROSE POGONIA—SNAKE-MOUTH

The specific name, _ophioglossoides_, refers to the flower resembling a snake’s mouth.

Small sphagnous swamp-land orchid, with fibrous creeping roots. April-May (Florida), June 21st-July 20th (New England).

=Flowers= 1, sometimes 2, terminal, nodding, rather large for plants; rose and purplish-yellow; fragrant, subtended by a foliaceous bract. =Labellum= free, somewhat appressed to the column below, fringed and spurless. =Sepals= and =petals= about equal, similar. =Stem= 8-15 inches high. =Leaves= 1-3, rarely 1 basal leaf; the stem-leaf is ½-3 inches long, bluntly acute; foliaceous bract subtending seed-capsule.

_Continental Range_—From Newfoundland, southward to the pine barrens of Alabama and Florida; westward to Minnesota and Kansas.

_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, common; Vermont, common; Massachusetts, common; Rhode Island, common; Connecticut, common.

2.—POGONIA TRIANTHOPHORA (Swartz) B. S. P., 1800-1888[76]

NODDING POGONIA

The specific name, _trianthophora_, refers to the 3-lobed labellum and the usually 3 nodding flowers of this species.

Small woodland orchid, with tuberous roots. July-August 11th-September 24th.

=Flowers= 1-7 on axillary peduncles, pale purple, at first nearly erect, soon drooping, ½-⅔ inch long. =Labellum= 3-lobed, clawed, roughened, without a spur. =Sepals= and =petals= equal, connivent. Stem 3-8 inches high. =Leaves=, 2-8, alternate, ovate, clasping stem. =Seed-capsule= oval, drooping.

_Continental Range_—From Canada, southward to North Carolina, Alabama, and Kentucky; westward to Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, and Indiana.

_New England Range_—Maine, rare; New Hampshire, infrequent; Vermont, rare; Massachusetts, rare; Rhode Island, rare; Connecticut, infrequent.

3.—POGONIA VERTICILLATA (Willdenow) Nuttall, 1805-1818

LARGE WHORLED POGONIA

The specific name, _verticillata_, refers to the whorled or verticillate growth of the leaves.

Small moist woodland orchid, with fleshy-fibrous creeping roots. May 20th-June 15th.

=Flowers= solitary, purplish-green, and yellow, erect or declined, terminal; peduncle ½-⅔ inch long, in fruit exceeding the seed-capsule. =Labellum= 3-lobed, crested along a narrow band, upper part expanded, greenish-yellow. =Sepals= linear, 1½-2 inches long, ¹⁄₁₂ inch wide, spreading, dark purple; =petals= linear, obtuse, greenish-yellow, ⅚ inch long. =Stem= 10-12 inches high, round and purplish. =Leaves= 5, verticillate, in a whorl strongly recalling the whorls of the Indian Cucumber plants (_Medeola_), with which it grows in company; obovate, terminal, pointed at apex, 1-3 inches long. Rarely an obovate basal stem-leaf occurs below the whorl. The roots distinguish this plant from Indian Cucumber, yet many times the two plants so closely resemble each other that it is difficult to determine one from the other until the roots are revealed. The stem of the _Pogonia_, however, is larger, fleshy, purplish, and juicy, while the Indian Cucumber is brittle and slender.

_Continental Range_—From Ontario, Canada, southward to North Carolina and Florida; westward to Michigan and Indiana.