Part 9

Sogad gud akó san gamót g̃a nailarom sa kotkot, kon kanan Dyos pagboót malábaw akó san ódlot

Diri ba ako pagsirig̃. indayon, paghang̃narig̃, kay bag̃in kitá kapadg̃an, harayó an borogkátan.

Guin holát pá an naghinay; an nag dagmit, waráy.

Waráy hiní balos báyad bas’la an boót longáyad

LOVE POETRY

An bató bantilis náibas, nákilot sa toró san tóbig sa darodagínot: ¡kasig̃kasig̃ pa ba an diri homómok. sa gógma san tawo kon sa tarinónot.

Di ba sadto ánay imo akó sig̃sig̃ sa walá g̃a kamót, todló tamoyig̃kig̃; baman itó niyán di ka na násiplat, ¿anó an solá ko sa imo nabóhat?

An sakít sa domdom og sa honahona, makori ilig̃kod, makori íhigda: ¿ihagád sa láng̃it? ¿itamod sa tona?... ¡A baá Dyos ko, máonan’o dao la!...

Pastilán kakori, ka kori kapinan kapin kamabido san bido sa dóghan; doghan ko pag-ilob, ilob kasawásan, láwas ko g̃a ponó pone kasakitan.

Pastilán, bididay, bididay ka man la ga nakakalokmay sinín honahona: ayáo pag sakita, ayao pag bidóa, kay mag titinangis kanógon san loha.

Pastilán ka kori, ka kor ig̃akapin san may pag kasákit sinin kasig̃kasig̃: igpapanag̃lit ko sa osá ga borig̃ bisan parigóson may gihapon bilin.

Háin ka na ponay, kadi na panambo, tambo madaliay. liawá si kas’bo. basi homanáyhay inin sakit bido g̃a asáy tiónay sa kasigkasig ko.

Abá Tig̃tig̃ abá Tig̃tig̃. ioli an akon sig̃sig̃. opayda kon logarig̃on, kondi kanan taklobauon.

Akon iglilibaglibag̃ inin kasákit sa doghan baman ha banig ig matag̃ sakit ga magtitilógag̃.

Kadto na, kadto na, kadto na soranga kadto na pag bilig̃ sin ibá g̃a gogma ayaw gad pag hig̃yap sin sogad sa akon asáy tig̃ohán maópay ga láyhon

Kon boot ka mang̃asáwa inín barás pag pisia, di ka g̃ani makapisi pag toraw na la ganoli.

Kon daw ha kasirig̃anon tobig ka g̃a irinómon diri sa dáhon pahonbon, pahónbon sa doghan nakon

Kon bagá kahoy si lawas patay na, laya si dahon nanarig̃sig̃ sin kasákit namóg̃a sin kamatáyon

Kap’atán ka tuig an akon paghig̃yap pag-imasisirig̃ sa imo, binórak.

Han nákadto ka ha pantaw akon ka gintitinan-aw harápit ako matónaw sa dako g̃a pag kahidlaw

Anó iní g̃a nádoróy kamasakit, kamakapoy, an lawas sogád sin káhoy g̃aginhaharoharópoy

Bohi pa an bató g̃a pinamonakan didto la katikag̃ an karokayakan

Pastilán ka kori san pag-ig̃irikan natag̃is si inday g̃a binabayáan, gabáy daw la habsan inín kalalawdan g̃a diri tomólin inín pagsarakyan

Han nakadto ka ha lawdon akon ka gintinan-awon hapit kó ikaw karawton ha barás diri patonbon.

Kon nag-iimót ka san imo kamathom san pag kamabaysay san imo pamayhon, bisan la an todló, an bohók, panapton kon asay somirag̃, maopay na nakon,

Hiará ako magnawá magsakaysakay sa bará og didto ako hidagsa sa kam g̃awan g̃a tuna

Katlóan ka tuig g̃a akon kahidlaw sogád ka sin tobig nakon ikaóhaw

Kon baga ako si taro tonáw na sa pag kaálo; maopay si alimag̃o kay may pag kalonolóno

Mga lagit, mga lagit, ¿háin daw dapít an sakit?.... sa kalibótan waráy man sabáli sa panomdoman

Sin pag kamamig̃aw sinín kakorolpon waráy god nabantad bis osá g̃a dahon bis an mg̃a tamsi sáhid mabidó an ¿say pa ba an tawo, di aipan gihapon?....

Hinógay na intoy, siton pakalipog̃ sin kinarokanhi sinin amon libog̃ opayda kon hiro iton imo bayhon maamog̃ ka daw la sinín bantog namon

SUNDRY

Adto na si adlaw linmoyó sa bokid, oli na, indayon, kay waray pa tóbig.

Hi nonay g̃a kawayánon malobaylobay hag̃anon naglilinakat ha kógon hi hawak royokdoyókon.

Itón imo baba g̃a nagyayabora g̃a nagyiyinákan sitón lonlun bowa;

kon di ko kahadlok pághirót sin gaba pag-oonloton ko itón imo dila

Akó magtotóon diri ko sasabwan mangad na maloto, diri ko sosog̃-an si akó mátimo di ko poporoton mangad na mabosóg, diri ko totolnon.

Anó man in akon kon diin ka kadto, di mo la pag dad-on an tubig, kalayo: di mo mam binohi ini g̃a lawas ko tinmobo si inday kosóg san amáy ko.

An tansman nimo mandig̃ ginsisinólod san kand g̃ an taranman nakikil g̃ kay gin bobowad san baktin.

¿Ano ba, Dyos ko, an nakakasógad, an isda sa dagat g̃a nagkakalópad?... ¿ano ba, Dyos ko, iní ga nadoróy, inin katamsihan g̃a nagkakalag̃oy?...

Kanogon pa daw la san imo katindog maópay si bayhon, maráot an bantog: igpapanag̃lit ko, bayabas g̃a hinóg, maópay an pánit, oloron an onód.

Ambot daw ada maorán si dampog nag̃o odtóhan bisan la inin pag̃ánod doróyog tipailáwod

Busa, bayái, balitaw, ayáw gad tood kay tíaw iní g̃a akon pagbolaw igpapahaoli g̃ahaw.

Hilag̃kag kitá, hilag̃kag sinín palawán g̃a pankag kay bag̃in, idáy, makárag dó loktan sinín alámag.

Makadí kamí maoli, maoli g̃a bagá diri, naghihiawil pa g̃ani san ka maopay sangawi

An di ko iginpinólog̃ an kabasólan in akon: si kahoy di mag torópog̃ may balíko, may matadog̃

Anó man in akon kon diín ka hanoy di mo la pagdad-on an tobig, an kahoy iní g̃a lawas ko g̃a makalolóoy tinmobo kan tatay, kan nanay g̃a iróy

Diri ko kay yóbit, diri ko kay dayaw pamahonpáhon mo bagá may paráyaw; an imo pamálod pagkasadag̃ana, baga nagkokori an akon ginhawa.

Ayáw gad hin tamay, ayáw gad hin yóbit kay magsáma man la inín aton pánit; an aton logárig̃ ginkakalainan, kay diri mag-osá inín aton g̃aran.

Busa, bayái, bayái, bayái ayáw baliki, bisan dahon sin kamoti mabobohi kami dinhi.

Abá Lolay, abá Lolay ligid ligid sinin baybay kon igkita ka sin away dalagan, ayaw papátay

Makadí kami maoli sa baláy g̃a sinorambi bisan la mawaráy bóg̃bog̃ maoli kay logarig̃on

An di ko iginkinanta [109] an kabasolán onína; si kahoy di magsaráma may baliko, may balísa

An akon pagkinantáhon[109] báyad san akon kináon; bisan la akó tog̃boyón g̃a diri oraoráhon.

Nag sisirom na daw inín kakorolpon g̃atanán g̃a tamsi sa káhoy na hapon kitá man an tawo ga may isip domdom. máoli sa balay g̃a kalogarig̃on

NOTES ON FILIPINO DIALECTOLOGY

It is beyond any question that most of the Filipino dialects are derived from a common origin: the Malay tongue.

For this reason many Bisayan words are exactly the same in other Filipino dialects, and many others bear some local dialectal differences, thus always showing a common origin.

The following lists are short collections of such words.

WORDS EXACTLY THE SAME IN BISAYAN AND IN TAGALOG

A

Ako. [110]—I Agaw.—To snatch Ag̃lit.—A little pot Amihan.—North wind Anák.—son, daughter Anino.—Shadow Apo.—Grandson, grand-daughter Apog.—Lime Asawa.—Wife Asín.—Salt aswag̃.—Witch Atáy.—Liver Away.—Fight

B

Baboy.—Pig Baga.—Red-hot Bagá.—as, like Baga.—Lung Bagon.—To raise Bantay.—Watch Bantilis.—A kind of rock Basa.—To read Bata.—Child Bató.—Stone Bawi.—To recover Bayabas.—Guava Bayad.—Pay Bayáw.—Brother-in-law Boká.—Open, untied Bokás.—Open Bokó.—Knot Bohók.—Hair Bog̃a.—Fruit

K

Kabig.—Pull Kahoy.—Tree, timber, wood Kawayan.—Bamboo Kilala.—To know Koha.—Take Kólag̃.—Insufficient Kota.—Wall

D

Dagat.—Sea Dahon.—Leave Dalí.—Quick Dila.—Tongue Dogó.—Blood

I

Ibabaw.—Over Ikaw.—Thou, you Init.—Heat Inóm.—Drink

H

Habagat.—West Hagdan.—Staircase Hayop.— Animal Hiláw.—Unripe Hínay.—Slow Hinog.—Ripe Hógas.—Wash

L

Labis.—Excess Lakbay.—Go over Lag̃aw.—Fly Lag̃it.—Heaven, sky Lalaki.—Male Laway.—Saliva Likod.—Back Limá.—Five Liwanag.—Clearness Lokso.—Jump Lohá.—Tear Lorâ.—Spit Lotò.—Cooked

M

Manók.—Chicken Matá.—Eye Matambók.—Fat May.—There is, etc. Maya.—A kind of bird

N

Nipá.—Nipá Nipis.—Thinness Nosuos.—To rub

O

Ogát.—Vein, nerve Olo.—Head Oo.—Yes Opa.—Payment Otag.—Debt Owák.—Raven Owáy.—Vine

P

Pakpak.—Applause with palms Pait.—Bitterness Palad.—Palm of the hand Patay.—Kill Pati.—Also, with Patog̃.—To place over Payog̃.—Umbrella Paypay.—Fan Pili.—A tree so called Pili.—To select Pingan.—Plate Pitó.—Seven Pokpok.—To beat Pola.—Red Posod.—Navel

S

Sa.—To, at, from, on, etc. Sabaw.—Broth Sakay.—To embark Sakit.—Sickness Sagig̃.—Banana Saló.—Receive Saway.—To correct Sawsaw.—To wash Siko.—Elbow Sig̃ba.—To adore Sili.—Pepper Siyá.—He, she Siyam.—Nine Soka.—To vomit Sog̃ay.—Horn Solog̃.—Forward Sonod.—Follow Sonog.—Fire

T

Táas.—Height Tabas.—To cut Tadtad.—To prick Tag̃is.—To weep Tahí.—To sew Timog.—South Tiyán.—Belly Tobâ.—A wine Tobig.—Water Tobó.—Sugar cane Tobò.—Profit, to grow Tohod.—Knee Tohog.—To string Tonóg.—Sound Twad.—To face dawnwards

W

Waló.—Eight

WORDS WITH SOME DIALECTAL DIFFERENCES

Differences in the vowels i, o.

BISAYAN TAGALOG ENGLISH

Akon Akin my, mine Amon Amin our Aslom Asim acidity Aton Atin our Atóp Atíp roof Bitóon Bitúin star Bokog Bikig fish-bone, bone Bogás Bigas rice Bog-at Bigat weight Bolad Bilad to sun Bog̃ol Big̃í deaf Kan-on Kanin cooked rice Kaon Kain to eat Katol Katí to itch, itching Dámò Dami amount, much Datóg̃ Datig̃ to arrive Dokót Dikit to adhere, adhered Dolóm Dilim dark Gorót Gilit slice Hábol Habi to weave Harok Halik kiss, to kiss Hatod Hatid to accompany Horám Hiram to borrow Iuomon Inumin potable water Itom Itim black Liog Liig neck Pawod Pawid weaved nipa Salóg Sahig floor Sandig Sandal to lean Takóp Takíp cover Tanom Tanim plantation Taróm Talim edge of a sword, etc. Tindok Tundok a kind of banana Tindog Tindig to stand Tonok Tiník thorn

Differences in k, h, l, r, d, t.

BISAYAN TAGALOG ENGLISH

Adlaw Araw Sun, day Aram Alam Wisdom Badò Barò Chemise Balay Bahay House Balo Bao Widow, widower Balon Baon Provision Barahibo Balahibo Feather, dawn Bari Bali To break Bolan Bwan Moon, month Kagód Káyud To scrath Kalot Kámot To scratch Kamó Kayó You Koló Kukú Nail Dalan Daan Path, road Daraga Dalaga Young girl Digò Ligò To bath Dirì Hindì Not Hadì Harì King Halabà Mahaba Long Halarom Malalim Deep Harayò Malayò Far Higdà Higà To lay down Iróg Ilog̃ Nose Lakát Lakad To walk Lawod Láot Ocean Mahínis Malinis Clean Namok Lamok Mosquito Napolo Sampù Ten Parabol Palaboy Favor, grace Pirit Pilit To force Poro Pulò Island Roag̃ Lwag̃ Broad Salod Sahod To receive Sarapati Kalapati Pigeon Sarowal Salawal Pants Sira Sila They Sirag̃ Silag To appear Sirog̃ Silog̃ Beneath Sodlay Suklay Comb Sorat Sulat Letter Sorok Sulok Corner Talig̃a Taig̃a Ear Tarog̃ Talog̃ A plant Torò Tulò Drop Torog Tulog To sleep Toktok Togtog To sound, to play

Differences in the accent, and in the separation of the syllables.

BISAYAN TAGALOG ENGLISH

Bálik Balík to come back Kohà Kuha to take Gaód Gáod oar Hipág Hípag sister-in-law Laón Láon old, ancient Sábay Sabáy simultaneous Tawá Táwa laugh Kab-it Kabít connected Kam-aw Kamao a dish Kan-on Kanin cooked rice Koan Kwán so and so Gab-i Gabí evening, night Sab-a Sabá a kind of banana Sab-it Sabit to hook Tan-aw Tanaw to look Tig-a Tigás hardness Tul-id Twid straight

Transformation from a to o, and viceversa.

Alapoop Alapaap cloud, fog Kamót Kamay hand Doha Dalawá two Habobò Mababà low Sokól Sukat measure Toló Tatlo three Onóm Anim six Opat Apat four Otok Utak brain

NOTES

[1] We write Bisayan, and not Visayan for the reason, among others, that there is no V or sound of V in our dialect, and that there seems to be no necessity for changing in English the B of the original Bisayâ into V.

[2] A commitee has been found lately in Manila for this purpose.

[3] According to the nature of the Bisayan dialect and according to what some Filipino philologists have written, Rizal among them, referring to the dialects in the Philippines, the letters of the Bisayan language must be the following:

a, b, d, e, g, g̃, h, i, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u, y, w.

As it can be noticed, the letters c, f, j, ñ, q, v, x and z are omitted from the preceding list, and g̃ and w are introduced. The reason for this is as follows:

c, in its sound as in city, can be substituted by the letter s; and, in its sound like c in cup, it can be substituted by k. f is never used in Bisayan. j, in its Spanish sound, can be substituted by h, which has an aspirate pronunciation in Bisayan in all cases. In Bisayan, there is no sound like that of the English j; however, in some places on the western and southern coasts of Leyte, the y is pronounced like the English j, as in maayo (pronounced mah-ah-joh) good. The Spanish letter ñ, or a sound like it, can be written in Bisayan more properly with the combination of these two letters ny, as in minyo (pr. mean-yo) married. q is not necessary, since the k can be used in all cases, where q is needed. The phrase quiquilàon co (I shall see it) can be perfectly written kikiláon ko. v is never used in Bisayan. x, in its Spanish sound, can be substituted by ks; and, in its English sounds, it can be substituted by gs or ks, respectively. z, in either its English or its Spanish sound, is never used in Bisayan. The g̃ is for the nasal sound that is very often used in Bisayan, like the ng in song, longing. The g is preferable to the combination ng̃, which would sometimes lead to confusion; because this combination ng in Bisayan, is not pronounced as one letter, in many instances, but each of these letters is pronounced; as, for example, the word bug̃a (fruit), if written bunga, should sound booong-ghah, which means to dart or to be darted. w is needed in all cases of sounds like Spanish dipthongs; but it must be used in Bisayan always as a consonant, never as a vowel.

Notwithstanding the preceding considerations, the orthography used in this book is the old one, but simplified to a certain extent, on account of the fact that this alphabet (if it can be properly called an alphabet, it having no f or sound of f) is not yet used, even known, but by very few persons among the Bisayan speaking people.

It would be very desirable for the people to adopt the new orthography proposed in this note, because it is evidently more simple and proper for the particular nature of the Bisayan dialect.

A study of the method of reducing the number of Bisayan vowels is also to be desired, as it seems that not more than three are needed, to wit: a, e or i, o or u.

The nature of the Bisayan tongue argues for such a simplicity. Dr. T.H. Pardo de Tavera, referring to the ancient Filipino alphabet, says: “The alphabet was composed of seventeen letters, three of which were vowels. A consonant standing alone was always pronounced with an a sound following; by the use of a dot or dash near and above the consonant stem, in much the same fashion as is used in certain systems of shorthand, instead of the sound of the a, the sound of the vowels e or i was produced: when the dot or dash was placed below the consonant stem the vowel sound given was equivalent to o or u.” (See Census of the Philippine Islands: 1903 Volume One, page 327).

[4] In most of the towns of the island of Sámar, such separation as well as that by apostrophe is frequently disregarded, this being one of the most noticeable differences between the Sámar and Leyte dialects.

[5] See the note on the first page of this book. This is one of the facts that urge the adoption of a more logical alphabet (?) for the Bisayan tongue.

[6] Except o and u when used as consonants, their function then being properly that of a w.

[7] The author believes that it is better to adopt these contractions than to invent others of Bisayan origin for the reason that they afford signs universally understood, and because every tongue has a tendency to assimilate such universal signs.

[8] We do not write “Dios”, because it would be pronounced Di-os.—See “Vowels”, supra.

[9] The use of s instead of the h, in these articles, depends upon the place where Bisayan is spoken. In the towns of Burawen, Dúlag and Abúyog, of the island of Leyte, and in some places in Sámar, the h is never used, but the s instead for these articles. Generally, it is considered more solemn to use the s instead of the h, in speeches, letters and poetry. But many times it is considered as a ridiculous affectation, in places where the h is used.

It will be noted that, in some instances, the Bisayan people show a tendency to change the aspirate sound of the h, or soft sound of the Spanish j, into s. So in olden times, the name Juan was pronounced Suan; Jueves was pronounced Suebes; and from the Spanish jugar, they made the Bisayan word sugal, which is still in use.

[10] See “Contractions”, supra. As it is seen, the m is for ma. This contraction shows exactly the way in which the Bisayan original letters were used. It is simply the ancient way of writing preserved after the adoption of the Spanish letters.

[11] This diminutive as well as the preceding does not need to be accented with grave and angular accent, as originally, first, because such accents are onlv used at the ending of the words (see the rule, page 3), and second, because the suspended guttural suund of the last vowel of its primitive is in some way preserved by means of the separation with which the vowels oa are pronounced (see “Vowel”, page 5)

[12] But if the primitive is mapulá, the diminutive will be mapulapula, as will be noted later.

[13] In some places in Leyte and Samar, this particle is hi, not ha, where it is said hibobò, hilipot, hilabà, hitáas. But, in my opinion, it is simply a result of confounding the particle ma which is more proper for adjectives as it bears the idea of abundance, with the personal article hi with which it is thus intended to personify the abstract ideas of bobò, lipat, labà, táas.

[14] It has also the regular form “halabáay”.

[15] This is a metathesis of “dacoalay”, by the transposition of the liquid consonant l; and this l in “dacoalay” has been substituted, for phonetical reason, for the y of “dacoayay”, which is the diminutive of “dacoay” not used.

[16] It seems that this diminutive is the contraction of “gutiay nya durò”; it is not strictly a diminutve, it is a superlative.

[17] Transformed from bobonbòbon.

[18] We do not write can-on, because it is a contraction of caran’on, which is also contracted from caraonón.

[19] See “Comparative” and “Collective”, infra.

[20] The last u is not a vowel properly; it should be the consonant w. See notes on pages 1 and 5 of this book.

[21] It also means anxiety for dancing. So from isóg (to enrage), it is said: “daco it ac isogón” (contracted from irisogón), my rage is great.

[22] The second syllable of the combined prefix is sometimes doubled to make the sentence more emphatic.

[23] Interfix is there used to designate the particle placed within a word.

[24] Such is the name of the present capital of the province of Leyte. According to a tradition, this name originated from the fact that before the town was formed, a point of the eastern coast of its present site was known as a place where fishes were taken from the sea by a bamboo instrument, like a cover called taclob.

[25] It is the name of one of the most important towns in Leyte, located on the eastern coast of said island. Also according to a tradition, in the southwestern part of the present site of that town, before the town was built, there was a large tall tree, from whose prominent branches the people used to watch (tan-ao) the Moros from Sulu, when invading the coasts of Leyte.—The last o of this tan-ao is properly the consonat w.

[26] From lolodhanan from lolohodanan, where the ó is suppressed, and the h and d, transposed, for phonetical reasons.

[27] As when we say: “macaoncaón iní ng̃a bayábas” (this guava is inviting). The idea of fondness sometimes takes the same form, as “macaoncaón ini ng̃a sorogóon” (this servant is fond of eating surreptitiously). This form is also used for impersonal verbs, as will be seen later, as: “macaoncáon na” (I have appetite already).

[28] I say “is”, because this combination ng̃ is properly one letter in Bisayan, which should be called ng̃a, as anciently.

[29] This is also a verbal of sapód (to gather).

[30] The particle hi sometimes with the verbs and especially among the derivative nouns conveys the idea of “payment for”, as when from the verbs budlay (to tire one’s self), salacáy, (to embark), and the nouns apóy (grandfather or grandmother), púsod (navel), it is said: himudlay (any thing given as in payment of any work);—hinálacay (payment for passage);—hingapóy (a present given to a grandfather or grandmother upon the the marriage of his or her grand daughter under the consideration of the former’s being the grandfather or grandmother of the latter);—himósod (present given to the midwife for cutting and attending to the navel of a new-born child).

[31] We use a hyphen in this word on account of the angular accent of the last o of the first verb.

[32] When the brothers or sisters referred to are more than two, then the interfix r is used, as magburugtò.

[33] The second u must be the consonant w.

[34] This is the modern way of pronouncing this word. The old way consisted in making two syllables out of this word, and according to that pronounciation, it is written Diyos (prouounced Di-yos), not Dyos.

[35] See “Hi”, under the heading “Verbal” supra.

[36] See note 2 on page 20.

[37] So we say dolúo-ha-Sulúg, which means a medicinal plant (duláo) from (ha) Sulu (Sulúg).

[38] See “an, on” under the heading of “Verbal”, page 15 supra.

[39] From paladan, the d having been solved into r.

[40] It is believed that the name of one of the towns of Leyte, called by the Spaniards “Burauen” and, by the natives, “Burauón”, has been originated from burabáron (Contracted and made Burauón), on account of the fact that there are many fountains in that place. There is no reason why the native name “Burauón” used by the natives until the present time should not be employed for all uses, the u of said word being replaced by the w, if the letters proposed in the note of the first page of this book are adopted.

[41] This word does not follow the rule. For phonetical reasons, in its formation an h is used and it is made maasinhanon contracted maasinhon instead of maasinánon which is the regular form.

[42] The natives, especially the low people pronounce Mericá instead of America; mericano instead of the Spanish “americano” for American.