Bibliographic Notes on One Hundred Books Famous in English Literature

Volume II: _viii, 343 pp.

Chapter 512,915 wordsPublic domain

CHARLES DICKENS

(1812-1870)

An advertisement in the _Times_ for March 26, 1836, reads:

"THE PICKWICK PAPERS.--On the 31st of March will be published, to be continued monthly, price One Shilling, the first number of the Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, containing a faithful record of the Perambulations, Perils, Travels, Adventures, and Sporting Transactions of the Corresponding Members. Edited by Boz. Each monthly Part embellished with four Illustrations by Seymour. Chapman & Hall, 186 Strand, and of all booksellers."

Robert Seymour, a caricaturist, and the illustrator of such works as _The Odd Volume_, _The Looking Glass_, and _Humorous Sketches_, had been employed by Chapman and Hall to illustrate a comic publication called _The Squib Annual_; and this led him to suggest that he should make a series of Cockney sporting plates which could be furnished with letter-press. Hall applied to Dickens, then an unknown newspaper man, for the text, a "something which should be a vehicle for certain plates to be executed by Mr. Seymour." Dickens says of this proposition: "I objected.... My views being deferred to, I thought of Mr. Pickwick, and wrote the first number; from the proof-sheets of which Mr. Seymour made his drawing of the Club and his happy portrait of its founder. I connected Mr. Pickwick with a club, because of the original suggestion; and I put in Mr. Winkle expressly for the use of Mr. Seymour."

The work came out in twenty parts (parts nineteen and twenty were bound together), beginning in April, 1836, and ending with November, 1837. They were covered in light green paper bordered with a design by Seymour, and engraved by John Jackson, a pupil of Bewick and Hervey. The title reads, _The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club_ [_Five lines_] _Edited by "Boz. With Illustrations...."_

The publication of the second number was delayed by the suicide of Seymour, whose mind gave way from overwork. This sad event was announced to the public in a note, and an apology was offered for the reduction of the number of plates from four to three. "When we state that they comprise Mr. Seymour's last efforts, and that on one of them, in particular (the embellishment of the Stroller's Tale), he was engaged up to a late hour of the night preceding his death, we feel confident that the excuse will be deemed a sufficient one."

The third and succeeding numbers contained two plates each. Those in the third part were originally executed by Robert Buss, who learned to etch in order to produce them. But he gave up the work, and his plates were replaced in later issues by others by Hablot K. Browne, or "Phiz," who did the remaining plates. The last or double part contained three plates and an engraved title-page. With it subscribers received also the printed title-page, dedication, preface, contents, Directions to the Binder and Table of Errata.

In the eighteenth number, dated September 29, 1837, the following important announcement appears:

"The subscribers to this work and the trade are respectfully informed that Nos. XIX. and XX. (with titles, contents, &c.) will be published together on 1^{st} of November; and that the complete volume, neatly bound in cloth, price one guinea, will be ready for delivery by the 14^{th} of that month, and for which country producers are requested to send early orders to their respective agents."

The venture was almost a failure at first, and it was not until the appearance of Sam Weller, with the fifth number, that the bookbinder, who had prepared four hundred copies of the first number, was obliged to increase the supply. From this time on, the demand grew until the enormous output of forty thousand was reached with the fifteenth number.

There are differences in the various accounts of the amount Dickens was to receive for his work. A letter from the publishers to him mentions their terms as nine guineas a sheet for each part consisting of a sheet and a half; fifteen guineas a number was the sum as stated by Mr. Edward Chapman to Mr. Forster; and Dickens himself, in a letter to Miss Hogarth, afterwards his wife, says, fourteen pounds a month. During publication, he received in checks from the publishers £3000. In 1837 Chapman & Hall agreed that after five years he should have a share in the copyright, on consideration that he write a similar book for which he was to receive £3000, besides having the whole copyright after five years. Forster thinks the author received, in all, £25,000, while the publishers' profits during the three years from 1836 to 1839 are said to have amounted to £14,000 on the sale of the work in numbers alone.

Chapman & Hall issued the book in volume form in 1837, at twenty-one shillings.

Mr. Frederic G. Kitton says:

"There are probably not more than a dozen copies of the first edition of "Pickwick" in existence. An examination of a number of impressions presumably of this edition results in the discovery of slight variations both in plates and text. These are especially noticeable in the illustrations, for, owing to the enormous demand, the plates were re-etched directly they showed signs of deterioration in the printing, and "Phiz," in reproducing his designs, sometimes altered them slightly. The earliest impressions of the work may be distinguished by the absence of engraved titles on the plates, and by their containing the _original_ etchings by Seymour and Buss, not "Phiz's" _replicas_ of them."

Octavo.

COLLATION: _xiv pp., 1 l., 609 pp. Forty-five plates, including engraved title-page._

THOMAS CARLYLE

(1795-1881)

Carlyle went up to London with _Teufelsdröckh_ in his satchel, to find a publisher for it. He put much confidence in the help of his friend Francis Jeffrey, the lord advocate, who exerted himself chiefly to establish relations between the author and John Murray.

Mrs. Carlyle, at home in Craigenputtoch, received the following letter from her husband, August 11, 1831:

"... After a time by some movements, I got the company dispersed, and the Advocate by himself, and began to take counsel with him about 'Teufelsdröckh.' He thought Murray, in spite of the Radicalism, would be the better publisher; to him accordingly he gave me a line, saying that I was a genius and would likely become eminent;... I directly set off with this to Albemarle Street; found Murray out; returned afterwards and found him in, gave an outline of the book, at which the Arimaspian smiled, stated also that I had nothing else to do here but the getting of it published, and was above all anxious that his decision should be given soon...."

On the 22d he wrote again:

"On Saturday morning I set out for Albemarle Street. Murray, as usual, was not in; but an answer lay for me--my poor 'Teufelsdröckh,' wrapped in new paper, with a letter stuck under the packthread. I took it with a silent fury, and walked off. The letter said he regretted exceedingly, etc.; all his literary friends were out of town; he himself occupied with a sick family in the country; that he had conceived the finest hope, etc. In short, that 'Teufelsdröckh' had never been looked into; but that if I would let him keep it for a month, he would _then_ be able to say a word, and by God's blessing a favorable one.

"I walked on through Regent Street and looked in upon James Fraser, the bookseller. We got to talk about 'Teufelsdröckh,' when, after much hithering and thithering about the black state of trade, &c., it turned out that honest James would publish the book for me on this principle: if I would give _him_ a sum not exceeding 150 l. sterling! 'I think you had better wait a little,' said an Edinburgh advocate to me since, when he heard of this proposal. 'Yes,' I answered, 'it is my purpose to wait to the end of eternity for it.' 'But the public will not buy books.' 'The public has done the wisest thing it could, and ought never more to buy what they call books.'

"Spurning at destiny, yet in the mildest terms taking leave of Fraser, I strode through the street carrying 'Teufelsdröckh' openly in my hand.... Having rested a little, I set out again to the Longmans, to hear what they had to say."

The Longmans, "honest, rugged, punctual-looking people," said little to the point, however, and then, through Lord Jeffrey's efforts in his behalf, Murray offered as follows: "The short of it is this: Murray will print an edition (750 copies) of Dreck on the half-profit system (that is, I getting _nothing_, but also giving nothing); after which the sole copyright of the book is to be mine...."

Carlyle then tried Colburn & Bentley, but with his mind made up "unless they say about 100 l. I will prefer Murray." These negotiations came to nothing, and back he went to Murray, whose offer "is not so bad: 750 copies for the task of publishing poor Dreck, and the rest of him _our own_." The terms were accepted, the manuscript was sent to the printer, and a page set up, when Murray repented his bargain, which had never pleased him, and, having heard that Carlyle had carried his MS. elsewhere, he seized the opportunity to send the author a note saying that since he had, unbeknown to him, carried his book to "the greatest publishers in London, who had declined to engage in it," he must ask to have it read by some literary friend, before he could in justice to himself engage in the printing of it. The upshot was that the manuscript was returned to its author.

"The printing of 'Teufelsdröckh,'" Carlyle says to his wife, "which I announced as commencing, and even sent you a specimen of, has altogether stopped, and Murray's bargain with me has burst into air. The man behaved like a pig, and was speared, but perhaps without art; Jack and I at least laughed that night _à gorge déployée_ at the answer I wrote his base _glare_ of a letter: he has written again in much politer style, and I shall answer him, as McLeod advised my grandfather's people, 'sharp but mannerly.' The truth of the matter is now clear enough; Dreck cannot be disposed of in London at this time. Whether he lie in my trunk or in a bookseller's coffer seems partly indifferent. Neither, on the whole, do I know whether it is not better that we have stopped for the present. Money I was to have none; author's vanity embarked on that bottom I have almost none; nay, some time or other that the book can be _so_ disposed of it is certain enough."

Nearly two years later, in 1833, the unlucky Dreck was published "piecemeal," in ten parts of ten pages each, in _Fraser's Magazine_, beginning with November and running until August, 1834. With the shrewdness of his tribe, Fraser, fearing failure, paid only twelve guineas a sheet for the work, though he had been paying its author twenty guineas a sheet, five guineas more than he paid to any other contributor. It turned out, however, that he was wise, for the great essay was not a success, even in the magazine.

"'Magazine Fraser' writes that 'Teufelsdröckh' excites the most unqualified disapprobation--_à la bonne heure_," said Carlyle; and again: "--Literature still all a mystery; nothing 'paying;' 'Teufelsdröckh' beyond measure unpopular; an oldest subscriber came into him and said, 'If there is any more of that d----d stuff, I will,' &c., &c.; on the other hand an order from America (Boston or Philadelphia) to send a copy of the magazine '_so long_ as there was anything of Carlyle's in it.' 'One spake up and the other spake down.'"

After the work had run its course in the magazine, about fifty copies were struck off from the types and stitched together for distribution among friends.

It remained to the honor of America, to print the book in 1836, through the energetic efforts of Dr. LeBaron Russell. Emerson furnished the copy and a preface; and before the end of the year he was able to announce to Carlyle the sale of the whole edition. Another edition of over a thousand copies was sold before the first English edition, "a dingy, ill-managed edition" of a thousand copies, was published anonymously by Saunders and Otley in 1838.

Octavo.

COLLATION: _1 l., 107 pp._

RALPH WALDO EMERSON

(1803-1882)

80. Nature. | [Quotation] Boston: | James Munroe And Company. | MDCCCXXXVI.

"My little book is nearly done. Its title is 'Nature.' Its contents will not exceed in bulk Sampson Reed's 'Growth of the Mind.' My design is to follow it by another essay, 'Spirit,' and the two shall make a decent volume." Thus Emerson wrote to his brother William, from Concord, June 28, 1836.

_Nature_ was, however, published alone in September by Metcalf, Torry and Ballou of the Cambridge Press. It received little attention except from "the representatives of orthodox opinion," who violently attacked it. Only a few hundred copies were sold, and it was twelve years before a second edition was called for.

Duodecimo.

COLLATION: _95 pp._

WILLIAM HICKLING PRESCOTT

(1796-1859)

George Ticknor, in his life of Prescott, gives the story of the production of the _History_ in the following words:

"The composition of the 'Conquest of Peru' was, therefore, finished within the time he had set for it a year previously, and the work being put to press without delay, the printing was completed in the latter part of March, 1847; about two years and nine months from the day when he first put pen to paper. It made just a thousand pages, exclusive of the Appendix, and was stereotyped under the careful correction and supervision of his friend Mr. Folsom of Cambridge.

"While it was passing through the press, or just as the stereotyping was fairly begun, he made a contract with the Messrs. Harper to pay for seven thousand five hundred copies on the day of publication at the rate of one dollar per copy, to be sold within two years, and to continue to publish at the same rate afterwards, or to surrender the contract to the author at his pleasure; terms, I suppose, more liberal than had ever been offered for a work of grave history on this side of the Atlantic. In London it was published by Mr. Bentley, who purchased the copyright for eight hundred pounds, under the kind auspices of Colonel Aspinwall; again a large sum, as it was already doubtful whether an exclusive privilege could be legally maintained in Great Britain by a foreigner."

The demand for the book was large: in five months five thousand copies were sold in America, and an edition of half that number sold in England. By January 1, 1860, there had been sold of the American and English editions together, 16,965 copies. It was translated into Spanish, French, German, and Dutch.

Octavo.

COLLATION: _Two volumes._ Volume I: _xl, 527 pp._ Volume II: _xix, 547 pp._

EDGAR ALLAN POE

(1809-1849)

The poem first appeared in print in the columns of the _New York Evening Mirror_ for January 29, 1845, where N. P. Willis, its editor, says in a note: "We are permitted to copy, (in advance of publication,) from the second number of the _American Review_, the following remarkable poem by Edgar Poe." Willis issued the poem again in the weekly edition of the _Mirror_, dated February 8, and Charles F. Briggs, with whom Poe afterward became associated, also published it in the _Broadway Journal_ of the same date, crediting it to "Edgar A. Poe." Both of these weeklies seem to have appeared before the _American Review_ came out. We are not told the reason for Mr. George H. Colton's editorial courtesy in permitting this advance publication when the second, or February number of his paper, _The American Review: A Whig Journal Of Politics, Literature, Art And Science_, was so soon to appear. It is a curious circumstance that Willis and Briggs gave the author's name freely, while Colton's issue, as originally intended, appeared with the pseudonym of "---- Quarles."

The poem was an immense success, and was copied far and wide in all the newspapers of the country. Writing to F. W. Thomas, May 4, Poe says:

"'The Raven' has had a great run, Thomas--but I wrote it for the express purpose of running--just as I did the 'Gold Bug,' you know. The bird beat the bug, though, all hollow."

This popularity was the poet's greatest reward, for we learn that the actual money remuneration was only ten dollars. Poe makes us think of the early writers, like Bacon and Browne, whom we have seen take to printing their books to save them from the errors of the unlicensed publisher. In a preface to this volume he writes:

"These trifles are collected and republished chiefly with a view to their redemption from the many improvements to which they have been subjected while going at random 'the rounds of the press.' If what I have written is to circulate at all, I am naturally anxious that it should circulate as I wrote it...."

From the original straw-colored paper covers in which it appeared, about December, we learn that the book was issued as one of a series, _Wiley And Putnam's Library Of American Books. No. VIII._, and that its price was the unusual sum of thirty-one cents. Among the other volumes, its companions in the set, were _Journal of an African Cruiser_, edited by Nathaniel Hawthorne; _Tales_ of Edgar A. Poe; _Letters from Italy_, by J. T. Headley; _The Wigwam and the Cabin_, by W. Gilmore Simms; and _Big Abel_, by Cornelius Mathews.

Duodecimo.

COLLATION: _4 ll., 91 pp._

CHARLOTTE BRONTË

(1816-1855)

Under date of August 24, 1847, Miss Brontë wrote a letter to Messrs. Smith, Elder & Co., in which she said: "I now send you per rail a MS. entitled 'Jane Eyre,' a novel in three volumes, by Currer Bell." The novel was accepted, was printed and published by October sixteenth, and on the nineteenth the publishers received the following:

"Gentlemen,--The six copies of 'Jane Eyre' reached me this morning. You have given the work every advantage which good paper, clear type, and a seemly outside can supply;--if it fails, the fault will be with the author,--you are exempt. I now await the judgment of the press and the public. I am, Gentlemen, yours respectfully, C. Bell."

Their judgment was decisive, and the book was so great a success that a second edition, dedicated to Thackeray, was issued January 18, 1848.

Octavo.

COLLATION: _Three volumes._

HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW

(1807-1882)

Writing in his journal under date of October 2, 1847, Longfellow says: "Why does not Ticknor publish Evangeline? I am going to town to ask him that very question. And his answer was that he should do so without further delay." An entry, dated October 30, says, "Evangeline published." On November 8, he says: "Evangeline goes on bravely. I have received greater and warmer commendations than on any previous volume. The public takes more kindly to hexameters than I could have imagined." On November 13, a third thousand is recorded, and on April 8 of the following year we learn: "Next week Ticknor prints the sixth thousand of Evangeline, making one thousand a month since its publication."

In 1857 the following entry sums up the successful career of the poem:

"Allibone wants to get from the publishers the number of copies of my book sold up to date, the editions in this country only," and _Evangeline_ is set down as 35,850 copies.

The poem was translated into German, Swedish, Danish, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Polish, and French, and was made a school-book in Italy.

Sextodecimo.

COLLATION: _163 pp._

ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING

(1806-1861)

85. Sonnets. | By | E. B. B. | Reading: | [Not For Publication.] 1847.

This is the first appearance in print of the _Sonnets from the Portuguese_ which were not published until 1850, when they were issued under the title _Sonnets from the Portuguese_, as a part of the _Poems by Elizabeth Barrett Browning_.

Mr. Browning told the story of the Portuguese Sonnets to Mr. Edmund Gosse, who printed the account in _Critical Kit-Kats_, 1896:

"The Sonnets were intended for her husband's eyes alone; in the first instance, not even for his.... Fortunately for all those who love true poetry, Mr. Browning judged rightly of the obligation laid upon him by the possession of these poems. 'I dared not,' he said, 'reserve to myself the finest sonnets written in any language since Shakespeare's.' Accordingly he persuaded his wife to commit the printing of them to her friend Miss Mitford; and in the course of the year they appeared in a slender volume entitled 'Sonnets, by E. B. B.,' with the imprint 'Reading, 1847,' and marked 'Not for publication.'"

Duodecimo.

COLLATION: _47 pp._

JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL

(1819-1891)

Writing to Thomas Hughes on September 13, 1859, Lowell says: "I tried my first "Biglow Papers" in a newspaper, and found that it had a great run. So I wrote the others from time to time during the year which followed, always very rapidly, and sometimes (as "What Mr. Robinson thinks") at one sitting.

"When I came to collect them and publish them in a volume, I conceived my parson-editor with his pedantry and verbosity, his amiable vanity and superiority to the verses he was editing, as a fitting artistic background and foil."

The following extracts from letters show, in detail, the evolution of the work.

"You will find a squib of mine in this week's _Courier_," said he to Sidney H. Gay, on June 16, 1846, "I wish it to continue anonymous, for I wish Slavery to think it has as many enemies as possible. If I may judge from the number of persons who have asked me if I wrote it, I have struck the old hulk of the Public between wind and water...." On the last day of December, 1847, he says to C. F. Briggs:

"I am going to indulge all my fun in a volume of H. Biglow's verses which I am preparing, and which I shall edit under the character of the Rev. Mr. Wilbur.... I am going to include in the volume an essay of the reverend gentleman on the Yankee dialect, and on dialects in general, and on every thing else, and also an attempt at a complete natural history of the Humbug--which I think I shall write in Latin. The book will purport to be published at Jaalam (Mr. B's native place), and will be printed on brownish paper with those little head and tail-pieces which used to adorn our earlier publications--such as hives, scrolls, urns, and the like."

The latter part of 1848 found the poet busily engaged in getting out the book, and he wrote to Gay in September:

"This having to do with printers is dreadful business. There was a Mr. Melville who, I believe, enjoyed it, but, for my part, I am heartily sick of Typee."

In October he says:

"I should have sent you this yesterday, but it was not written, and I was working like a dog all day, preparing a glossary and an _index_. If I ever make another glossary or index--!"....

"... Hosea is done with," he says in November, "and will soon be out. It made fifty pages more than I expected and so took longer." The volume appeared on the 10th, and on the 25th he again writes to Gay: "... The first edition of Hosea is nearly exhausted already."

The following retrospect, sent to the same friend on February 26, 1849, contains the lesson of experience:

"There were a great many alterations of spelling made in the plates of the "Biglow Papers," which added much to the expense. I ought not to have stereotyped at all. But we are never done with cutting eye-teeth."

George Nichols, who published the book, was at one time an owner of the University Book-store, and, later, one of the proprietors of the University Press. He was noted for his skill in proof-reading.

The printing was done by Metcalf and Company, printers to the University; and the little book came out from their hands innocent of hives, scrolls, urns, or any other ornament. Something changed the author's mind, too, regarding _Jaalam_ as the purporting place of publication.

Duodecimo.

COLLATION: _12, xxxii, 163 pp._

WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY

(1811-1863)

The name of the book, as we see it in the delightful and altogether characteristic drawing on the engraved title-page, reminds us of what Miss Kate Perry says in her reminiscences of Thackeray:

"He told me, some time afterward, that, after ransacking his brain for a name for his novel, it came upon him unawares, in the middle of the night, as if a voice had whispered, 'Vanity Fair.' He said, 'I jumped out of bed, and ran three times round my room, uttering as I went, 'Vanity Fair, Vanity Fair, Vanity Fair.'"

It has been repeated, more than once, that _Vanity Fair_ was refused by _Colburn's Magazine_, and various other publishers, before Bradbury and Evans undertook it, but Vizetelly, in his _Glances Back Through Seventy Years_, thinks that this could not have been the case, since Thackeray did not finish the story until long after it had been accepted, and, in fact, was well along in the printer's hands. If refused, therefore, it was refused before it was finished. "I know perfectly well that after the publication commenced much of the remainder of the work was written under pressure for and from the printer, and not infrequently the first instalment of 'copy' needed to fill the customary thirty-two pages was penned while the printer's boy was waiting in the hall at Young Street."

Vizetelly also gives the following account of the final arrangements for the publication of the book:

"One afternoon, when he called in Peterborough Court he had a small brown paper parcel with him, and opened it to show me his two careful drawings for the page plates to the first number of _Vanity Fair_. Tied up with them was the manuscript of the earlier part of the book, of which he had several times spoken to me, referring to the quaint character that Chiswick Mall--within a stone's throw of which I was then living--still retained. His present intention, he told me, was to see Bradbury & Evans, and offer the work to them.... In little more than half an hour Thackeray again made his appearance, and, with a beaming face, gleefully informed me that he had settled the business. 'Bradbury & Evans,' he said, 'accepted so readily that I am deuced sorry I didn't ask them for another tenner. I am certain they would have given it.' He then explained that he had named fifty guineas per part, including the two sheets of letterpress, a couple of etchings, and the initials at the commencement of the chapters. He reckoned the text, I remember, at no more than five-and-twenty shillings a page, the two etchings at six guineas each, while as for the few initials at the beginnings of the chapters, he threw those in."

Following the plan of Chapman and Hall, who issued Dickens's works in monthly parts in green covers, and of Charles James Lever's publishers, who brought him out in pink, Bradbury and Evans published _Vanity Fair_ in yellow-covered numbers dated January, 1847, to July, 1848, and costing one shilling a part. The title on these paper covers ran: _Vanity Fair: Pen And Pencil Sketches Of English Society. By W. M. Thackeray [Two lines] London: Published At The Punch Office, 85, Fleet Street. [One line] 1847._, and there was a woodcut vignette.

There are numerous illustrations in the text, and each part has two plates, etchings, except the last, which has three and the engraved title-page. The last part as published contained the title-page, dedication, "Before the Curtain," a preface, table of contents, and list of plates.

The earliest issues contain, on page 336, a woodcut of the Marquis of Steyne, which was afterward suppressed, the type from pages 336 to 440 being shifted to fill the vacancy. In the first edition, too, the title at the head of Chapter I is in rustic type.

At first the novel did not sell well; it was even questioned whether it might not be best to stop its publication. But later in the year, owing to some cause, perhaps the eulogistic mention in Miss Brontë's preface to _Jane Eyre_, or, perhaps, a favorable review in the _Edinburgh Review_, its success became assured.

Mrs. Carlyle, writing to her husband, says: "Very good indeed, beats Dickens out of the World."

Octavo.

COLLATION: _xvi, 624 pp. Forty plates, including the engraved title-page._

THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY,

FIRST BARON MACAULAY

(1800-1859)

Trevelyan, in his _Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay_, tells us there was no end to the trouble that the author devoted to matters which most writers are glad to leave to their publishers. "He could not rest until the lines were level to a hair's breadth, and the punctuation correct to a comma; until every paragraph concluded with a telling sentence, and every sentence flowed like water."

In a footnote he adds this quotation from one of Macaulay's letters to Mr. Longman, which, while it referred to the edition of 1858, is also indicative of his attitude toward this, the first edition:

"I have no more corrections to make at present. I am inclined to hope that the book will be as nearly faultless, as to typographical execution, as any work of equal extent that is to be found in the world."

He was apprehensive concerning the success of the book. He writes, "I have armed myself with all my philosophy for the event of failure," but his fears were groundless.

"The people of the United States," says Trevelyan, "were even more eager than the people of the United Kingdom to read about their common ancestors; with the advantage that, from the absence of an international copyright, they were able to read about them for next to nothing. On the 4th of April, 1849, Messrs. Harper, of New York, wrote to Macaulay: 'We beg you to accept herewith a copy of our cheap edition of your work. There have been three other editions published by different houses, and another is now in preparation; so there will be six different editions in the market. We have already sold forty thousand copies, and we presume that over sixty thousand copies have been disposed of. Probably, within three months of this time, the sale will amount to two hundred thousand copies. No work, of any kind, has ever so completely taken our whole country by storm.' An indirect compliment to the celebrity of the book was afforded by a desperate, and almost internecine, controversy which raged throughout the American newspapers as to whether the Messrs. Harper were justified in having altered Macaulay's spelling to suit the orthographical canons laid down in Noah Webster's dictionary."

This quotation refers to the first volume. The second volume came out in the same year, but the third and fourth did not appear until 1855. Volume five was edited by Macaulay's sister, Lady Trevelyan, in 1861. It continued the portion of the History which was fairly transcribed and revised by the author before his death.

The posthumous appearance of the last volume reminds us of what Mr. Alexander B. Grosart says in his life of Spenser, apropos of the promise on the title-page of the _Fairy Queen_ that the work should be in twelve books fashioning twelve moral virtues:

"Than this splendid audacity I know nothing comparable, unless Lord Macaulay's opening of his _History of England_, wherein--without any saving clause, as Thomas Fuller would have said, of 'if the Lord will'--he pledges himself to write his great Story down to 'memories' of men 'still living.'"

Octavo.

COLLATION: _Five volumes._

ALFRED TENNYSON,

FIRST BARON TENNYSON

(1809-1892)

89. In Memoriam. | London. | Edward Moxon, Dover Street. | 1850.

In May of the year 1850, _In Memoriam_ was privately printed for the use of friends, and soon afterward was published in the present form, at six shillings. A second and third editions were issued in the same year. They are alike in all particulars except for the correction of two literal misprints. Though the book was anonymous, the authorship was never in doubt.

A circumstance connected with its publication, though not bibliographical in its bearing, demands a passing word. "If 'In Memoriam' were published," Hallam Tennyson says in his life of the laureate, "Moxon had promised a small yearly royalty on this and on the other poems, and so my father had decided that he could now honourably offer my mother a home. Accordingly after ten years of separation their engagement was renewed.... Moxon now advanced £300--so my uncle Charles told a friend,--at all events £300 were in my father's bank in his name." With this and their small incomes combined they decided to marry. The marriage took place June 13, the month that saw the publication of "In Memoriam."

Octavo.

COLLATION: _vii, 210 pp._

NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE

(1804-1864)

James T. Fields, in his little life of Hawthorne, tells of a visit to Salem to see the author. He goes on to say:

"... I caught sight of a bureau or set of drawers near where we were sitting; and immediately it occurred to me that hidden away somewhere in that article of furniture was a story or stories by the author of the 'Twice-Told Tales,' and I became so positive of it that I charged him vehemently with the fact. He seemed surprised, I thought, but shook his head again; and I rose to take my leave.... I was hurrying down the stairs when he called after me from the chamber, asking me to stop a moment. Then quickly stepping into the entry with a roll of manuscript in his hands, he said: 'How in Heaven's name did you know the thing was there? As you have found me out, take what I have written, and tell me, after you get home and have time to read it, if it is good for anything....' On my way up to Boston I read the germ of 'The Scarlet Letter'; before I slept that night I wrote him a note all aglow with admiration of the marvellous story he had put into my hands, and told him that I would come again to Salem the next day and arrange for its publication."

It was Hawthorne's first intention to make the romance one of a volume of several short stories, because, as he remarks to Mr. Fields:

"A hunter loads his gun with a bullet and several buckshot; and, following his sagacious example, it was my purpose to conjoin the one long story with half a dozen shorter ones, so that, failing to kill the public outright with my biggest and heaviest lump of lead, I might have other chances with the smaller bits, individually and in the aggregate." But this plan was finally changed and it was decided to publish the story alone. There was then some talk about a title for it. "In this latter event" (the event of publishing alone), "it appears to me that the only proper title for the book would be 'The Scarlet Letter,' for 'The Custom House' is merely introductory...." And so it was decided.

"If 'The Scarlet Letter' is to be the title," he asked Mr. Fields, "would it not be well to print it on the title-page in red ink? I am not quite sure about the good taste of so doing, but it would certainly be piquant and appropriate, and, I think, attractive to the great gull whom we are endeavoring to circumvent." The reader might ask the bibliophile if the red title line, for it was printed in that way, really did have anything to do with the circumventing which eventually took place.

On February 4, 1850, Hawthorne wrote to Horatio Bridges:

"I finished my book yesterday, one end being in the press in Boston, while the other was in my head here in Salem; so that, as you see, the story is at least fourteen miles long."

The book appeared about March 16. As Mr. George Parsons Lathrop points out, there seems to have been no expectation of a very successful sale, in spite of Mr. Fields's enthusiasm; but to the surprise of all, the whole issue was exhausted in ten days. A second edition, with a preface dated March 30, was soon published, making, with the first, a total number of five thousand copies. All these were printed by Metcalf & Company of Cambridge. The third issue was entirely reset and electrotyped, and numbered 307 pages.

The second issue, beside the preface, shows numerous changes, especially in words. Among these the bookseller's favorite catch-word "reduplicate" (p. 21, l. 20) was changed to "repudiate." In late copies of the stereotyped form, this word was changed to "resuscitate."

Duodecimo.

COLLATION: _vi, 322 pp._

HARRIET BEECHER STOWE

(1811-1896)

The first chapter of _Uncle Tom_ appeared June, 1851, in _The National Era_ of Washington, a magazine edited by Gamaliel Bailey, and one of the ablest mediums of opinion of the anti-slavery party. It was finished in April, 1852. Mrs. Stowe received $300 for her labor.

The interest which the story awakened led John Punchard Jewett, a member of the first anti-slavery society in New England, and himself a frequent contributor to the newspapers on anti-slavery topics, to offer to bring it out immediately in book form, giving the author ten per cent. on the sales. The proposition was accepted, and the book was published March 20, 1852. The very remarkable sale of three thousand copies the first day was only an earnest of what was to happen. Over 300,000 copies were sold within the year, and eight power-presses running day and night could hardly supply the demand.

There is a vignette on the title-pages signed by the engravers, _Baker-Smith_, and each volume contains three unsigned plates, evidently by the same artist, and engraved by the same hands as the vignette. The volumes were bound in black with the vignette of the title-page stamped on the covers, the front impression being in gold.

Octavo.

COLLATION: _Two volumes._ Volume I: _312 pp._ Volume II: _322 pp. Six plates._

JOHN RUSKIN

(1819-1900)

These fine volumes, printed by Spottiswoode and Shaw, have a particularly clean and clear type-page, and are excellent in press-work. It is not the type, however, that demands our especial attention, but the illustrations with which the work is liberally furnished. These distinguish it from anything we have hitherto seen in our list of books. The plates and cuts, made by various processes, mezzo-tinting, lithography, line engraving and wood-cutting, mark most clearly the advance in bookmaking which had taken place within the half century. Hitherto we have had illustrations for their own sakes, or for the ornamentation of the books they are in, and depending for their existence solely upon the liberality and intelligence of the publisher; but here we have illustrations introduced into the book for the sake of the text, of which they are an integral part. Ruskin's own words about them, as found in the Preface, are instructive:

"It was of course inexpedient to reduce drawings of crowded details to the size of an octavo volume,--I do not say impossible, but inexpedient; requiring infinite pains on the part of the engraver, with no result except farther pain to the beholder. And as, on the other hand, folio books are not easy reading, I determined to separate the text and the unreduceable plates. I have given, with the principal text, all the illustrations absolutely necessary to the understanding of it, and, in the detached work, such additional text as had special reference to the larger illustrations.

"A considerable number of these larger plates were at first intended to be executed in tinted lithography; but, finding the result unsatisfactory, I have determined to prepare the principal subjects for mezzotinting,--a change of method requiring two new drawings to be made for every subject; one a carefully penned outline for the etcher, and then a finished drawing upon the etching....

"For the illustrations of the body of the work itself, I have used any kind of engraving which seemed suited to the subjects--line and mezzotint, on steel, with mixed lithographs and woodcuts, at a considerable loss of uniformity in the appearance of the volume, but, I hope, with advantage, in rendering the character of the architecture it describes."

"The illustrations to the new book," Collingwood adds, "were a great advance upon the rough soft-ground etchings of the _Seven Lamps_. He secured the services of some of the finest engravers who ever handled the tools of their art. The English school of engravers was then in its last and most accomplished period. Photography had not yet begun to supersede it; and the demand for delicate work in book illustration had encouraged minuteness and precision of handling to the last degree. In this excessive refinement there were the symptoms of decline; but it was most fortunate for Mr. Ruskin that his drawings could be interpreted by such men as Armytage and Cousen, Cuff and Le Keux, Boys and Lupton.... The mere fact of their skill in translating a sketch from a note-book into a gem-like vignette, encouraged him to ask for more; so that some of the subjects which became the most elaborate were at first comparatively rough drawings, and were gradually worked up from successive retouchings of the proofs by the infinite patience of both parties. In other cases, working drawings were prepared by Mr. Ruskin, as refined as the plates."

"Like much else of his work, these plates for 'Stones of Venice' were in advance of the times. The publishers thought them 'caviare to the general,' so Mr. J. J. Ruskin told his son; but gave it as his own belief that 'some dealers in Ruskins and Turners in 1890 will get great prices for what at present will not sell.'"

An "Advertisement" in the second volume tells us, "It was originally intended that this Work should consist of two volumes only; the subject has extended to three. The second volume, however, will conclude the account of the ancient architecture of Venice. The third will embrace the Early, the Roman, and the Grotesque Renaissance; and an Index...."

The first volume, called _The Foundations_, and having twenty-one plates, and the second, called _The Sea-Stories_, with twenty plates, each cost two guineas. The third volume, called _The Fall_, with twelve plates, cost a guinea and a half. They were bound in cloth, stamped in gold, with the "Lion of St. Mark" on the back. A few copies of both volumes one and two were issued in two parts. The first volume ran into a second edition in 1858, and the second and third were reissued in 1867.

Octavo.

COLLATION: _Three volumes. Illustrations. Fifty-three plates._

ROBERT BROWNING

(1812-1889)

This was the only edition of _Men and Women_ published separately. The poems it contained were afterward incorporated in collected editions; with the exception of _In a Balcony_, they were distributed under the respective headings of _Dramatic Lyrics_, _Dramatic Romances_, and _Men and Women_.

The book was issued in a green cloth binding, at twelve shillings a copy.

Octavo.

COLLATION: _Two volumes._ Volume I: _iv, 260 pp._ Volume II: _iv, 241 pp._

JOHN LOTHROP MOTLEY

(1814-1877)

Motley wrote a letter to his wife, dated at London, May 10, 1854, in which he says that he has had the matter of copyright looked up, and finds that the English law will protect him if he publish his book recently completed, first, by however small an interval, in England. He then carried the manuscript to Murray, who received him civilly, and professed interest in his subject, promising an answer in a fortnight. But the answer, when it came, was unfavorable, and, being of the mind that "if Murray declines ... I shall doubt very much whether anybody will accept, because history is very much in his line," he seems to have tried no farther, but to have arranged with Mr. John Chapman to publish the _Dutch Republic_ himself.

Throughout the transaction Motley was very modest and not at all sanguine for the success of his venture.

"It cannot take in England," he says to his mother in 1855, "and moreover the war, Macaulay's new volumes, and Prescott's, will entirely absorb the public attention." And again to his father, May 13, 1856, he says:

"I have heard nothing from Chapman since the book was published, but I feel sure from the silence that very few copies have been sold. I shall be surprised if a hundred copies are sold at the end of a year."

In reality, the book, as Dr. Holmes said, was "a triumph." Seventeen thousand copies were sold in England alone during the first year, and in America, where it was issued by the Harpers, just long enough after the English edition to fulfill all the demands of the copyright law, it was equally popular. Mr. Murray afterward asked to be allowed to publish _The History of the United Netherlands_, and expressed his regret "at what he candidly called his mistake in the first instance." Prescott, Motley's friend and generous rival, wrote from Boston, April 18, 1856:

"You have good reason to be pleased with the reception the book has had from the English press, considering that you had no one particularly to stand godfather to your bantling, but that it tumbled into the world almost without the aid of a midwife. Under these circumstances success is a great triumph...."

Octavo.

COLLATION: _Three volumes._

GEORGE ELIOT

MARY ANN _or_ MARIAN CROSS

(1819-1880)

_Scenes from Clerical Life_ had appeared in the early part of January, 1858, and had proved an unexpected success, but the name of its author, concealed under a pseudonym, long proved a mystery.

"The first volume [of Adam Bede]," says Mrs. Cross, "was written at Richmond, and given to Blackwood in March. He expressed great admiration of its freshness and vividness, but seemed to hesitate about putting it in the Magazine, which was the form of publication he, as well as myself, had previously contemplated. He still _wished_ to have it for the Magazine, but desired to know the course of the story. At _present_ he saw nothing to prevent its reception in 'Maga,' but he would like to see more. I am uncertain whether his doubts rested solely on Hetty's relation to Arthur, or whether they were also directed towards the treatment of Methodism by the Church. I refused to tell my story beforehand, on the ground that I would not have it judged apart from my _treatment_, which alone determines the moral quality of art; and ultimately I proposed that the notion of publication in 'Maga' should be given up, and that the novel should be published in three volumes at Christmas, if possible. He assented."

"... When, on October 29, I had written to the end of the love-scene at the Farm between Adam and Dinah, I sent the MS. to Blackwood, since the remainder of the third volume could not affect the judgement passed on what had gone before. He wrote back in warm admiration, and offered me, on the part of the firm, £800 for four years' copyright. I accepted the offer.... The book would have been published at Christmas, or rather early in December, but that Bulwer's 'What will he do with it?' was to be published by Blackwood at that time, and it was thought that this novel might interfere with mine."

The book was published the first day of January with the still unpenetrated pseudonym on the title-page. It cost thirty one shillings and six pence. The advance subscriptions amounted to 730 copies, and the following note, written March 16, gives the history of its success:

"Blackwood writes to say I am 'a popular author as well as a great author.' They printed 2,090 of 'Adam Bede,' and have disposed of more than 1800, so that they are thinking of a second edition."

In May, Blackwood proposed to add, at the end of the year, £400 to the £800 originally given for the copyright. A fourth edition of 5000 volumes was issued in 1859, all of which were sold in a fortnight; a seventh was printed the same year, and in October Blackwood felt justified in proposing to pay £800 more at the beginning of the new year. The sale amounted to 16,000 volumes in one year.

Octavo.

COLLATION: _Three volumes._

CHARLES ROBERT DARWIN

(1809-1882)

The simplicity and honesty of Darwin's character are nowhere more clearly seen than in his correspondence over the production of this book, which, from its unorthodoxy, he feared might expose others as well as himself to censure. For example, he says in a letter of March 28, 1859, to Sir Charles Lyell, the famous geologist, who made the arrangements for the publication of the work:

"P.S. Would you advise me to tell Murray that my book is not more _un_-orthodox than the subject makes inevitable.... Or had I better say _nothing_ to Murray, and assume that he cannot object to this much unorthodoxy, which in fact is not more than any Geological Treatise which runs slap counter to Genesis."

Afterward, in a letter to J. D. Hooker, under date of April 2, 1859, he says:

"... I wrote to him [Mr. Murray] and gave him the headings of the chapters, and told him he could not have the MSS. for ten days or so; and this morning I received a letter, offering me handsome terms, and agreeing to publish without seeing the MS.! So he is eager enough; I think I should have been cautious, anyhow, but, owing to your letter, I told him most _explicitly_ that I accepted his offer solely on condition that, after he has seen part or all the MS., he has full power of retracting. You will think me presumptuous, but I think my book will be popular to a certain extent (enough to ensure [against] heavy loss) amongst scientific and semiscientific men.... Anyhow, Murray ought to be the best judge, and if he chooses to publish it, I think I may wash my hands of all responsibility...."

His views on the success of the book are worth recording. To Murray he writes, April 5, 1859: "It may be conceit, but I believe the subject will interest the public, and I am sure that the views are original. If you think otherwise, I must repeat my request that you will freely reject my work; and though I shall be a little disappointed, I shall be in no way injured." And again to J. D. Hooker: "... Please do not say to any one that I thought my book on Species would be fairly popular, and have a fairly remunerative sale (which was the height of my ambition), for if it proves a dead failure, it would make me the more ridiculous."

After the book went to press he found it necessary to make many corrections involving no slight extra expense; without waiting for Murray to complain he took the initiative in setting the matter upon the proper footing in the following manner, in a letter written June 14, 1859:

"P.S. I have been looking at the corrections, and considering them. It seems to me that I shall put you to quite unfair expense. If you please I should like to enter into some such arrangement as the following:

"When work completed, you to allow in the account a fairly moderately heavy charge for corrections, and all excess over that to be deducted from my profits, or paid by me individually."

"... But you are really too generous about the, to me, scandalously heavy corrections. Are you not acting unfairly towards yourself? Would it not be better at least to share the £72 8s.? I shall be fully satisfied, for I had no business to send, though quite unintentionally and unexpectedly, such badly composed MS. to the printers."

The first edition, a child, Darwin calls it, in whose appearance he takes infinite pride and pleasure, was published November 24:

"It is no doubt the chief work of my life. It was from the first highly successful. The first small edition of 1250 copies was sold on the day of publication, and a second edition of 3000 copies soon afterward. Sixteen thousand copies have now (1876) been sold in England; and considering how stiff a book it is, this is a large sale. It has been translated into almost every European tongue, even into such languages as Spanish, Bohemian, Polish, and Russian. It has also, according to Miss Bird, been translated into Japanese [a mistake] and is there much studied. Even an essay in Hebrew has appeared on it, showing that the theory is contained in the Old Testament!"

The second edition of 3000 copies, only a reprint, yet with a few important corrections, was issued January 7, 1860. An edition of 2500 copies was issued in the United States, where it enjoyed great popularity. "I never dreamed," said he, "of my book being so successful with general readers; I believe I should have laughed at the idea of sending the sheets to America."

The sum of £180 was received by the author for the first edition, and £636 13s., for the second.

Duodecimo.

COLLATION: _ix, 502 pp. Folded plate._

EDWARD FITZGERALD

(1809-1883)

Fitzgerald first offered his translation to the editor of _Fraser's Magazine_, who returned it after holding it a long time, apparently afraid to publish it. It was not until years afterward that the poet, having nearly doubled the number of the verses, issued it himself, anonymously, inserting in the imprint, without even asking permission, the name of Bernard Quaritch.

The little pamphlet in brown paper, with its eleven pages of biography, and five pages of notes, against sixteen pages of poem, was not attractive in appearance; and we are told that it was not advertised in any way except by entry among the Oriental numbers of Quaritch's catalogue. So it is really not to be greatly wondered at that its sale was slow, even though the price was set as low as five shillings. Two hundred copies remaining on his hands, Quaritch, who had consented to act as bookseller, finally resorted to the expedient of offering them at half-a-crown, then at a shilling, then at sixpence, until finally they were cleared out at a penny a volume.

Those who read it at this price acted as leaven, and nine years afterward, in 1868, a second edition was called for; a third was published in 1872, and a fourth in 1879. These were all issued by Quaritch at his own expense, and all without the translator's name. Quaritch paid Fitzgerald a small honorarium, which he promptly gave away in charity.

Octavo.

COLLATION: _xiii, 21 pp._

JOHN HENRY NEWMAN,

CARDINAL

(1801-1890)

The pamphlet _"What, Then, Does Dr. Newman Mean?" A Reply to a Pamphlet lately published by Dr. Newman. By the Rev. Charles Kingsley._, was issued in March, 1864. Cardinal Newman's rejoinder took the form of a series of pamphlets. The first appeared on Thursday, April 21, and its brown paper cover bore the title given above, with the additional line, _Pt. I. Mr. Kingsley's Method of Disputation_. Thereafter, on successive Thursdays, until June 16, the following numbers appeared: _Pt. II. True Mode Of Meeting Mr. Kingsley._ _Pt. III-VI. History Of My Religious Opinions._ _Pt. VII. General Answer To Mr. Kingsley._ _Appendix. Answer in Detail To Mr. Kingsley's Accusations._

A title-page and "Contents" were issued with the Appendix. Parts I, II, and III cost a shilling each, Parts IV, V, and VII, two shillings each, Part VI, and the Appendix, each two shillings sixpence.

The parts were issued afterward in a cloth binding. In later editions almost all of Parts I and II, and about half of the Appendix were omitted, while some new matter was added in the form of notes.

Octavo.

COLLATION: _iv, 430, 127 pp._

MATTHEW ARNOLD

(1822-1888)

The first edition contained a satirical and not altogether tasteful preface which, Arnold said in a letter to his mother before the book was out, "will make you laugh." But later, in a letter to Lady de Rothschild written February 11, 1865, he says of it: "I had read the Preface to a brother and sister of mine, and they received it in such solemn silence that I began to tremble...." The silence of his friends and the criticism of others produced their effect upon him, and he writes again, to Lady de Rothschild: "I think if I republish the book I shall leave out some of the preface and notes, as being too much of mere temporary matter...."

The volume contained nine essays, afterward made ten.

Professor Saintsbury says, in reviewing the book:

"I am afraid it must be taken as only too strong a confirmation of Mr. Arnold's belief as to the indifference of the English people to criticism that no second edition of the book was called for till four years were past, no third for ten, and no fourth for nearly twenty."

We get an intimation of the terms on which the book was published from the following note to Miss Quillinan, dated March 8, 1865:

"The book is Macmillan's, not mine, as my Poems were, and I have had so few copies at my own disposal that they have not even sufficed to go the round of my own nearest relations, to whom I have always been accustomed to send what I write."

Octavo.

COLLATION: _xx, 302 pp._

JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER

(1807-1892)

It was at first proposed to publish the poem with illustrations by Felix Octavius Darley, who so successfully illustrated Cooper, Irving, Longfellow, Lossing, and many others; but, for some reason, this idea was abandoned, and illustration of the work was reduced to a vignette showing "a view of the old farm house in a snow storm, copied from a photograph ..." It was drawn by Harry Fenn. We might regret that we are thus the losers of some characteristic work by Darley, but, on the other hand, we must agree with Whittier, who, when referring to the proposed illustrations of _The Pageant_, published later, said: "I know of no one who could do it, however, so well as Harry Fenn." The bit of work reproduced here is in its way quite as worthy of commendation as that drawn by this "Nestor of his guild," for _Ballads of New England_, 1869, and so appreciatively reviewed by Mr. William Dean Howells in _The Atlantic_ for December.

The poet took an unusual interest in the make-up of his book. For example, he says of the vignette:

"In the picture of the old home, the rim of hemlocks, etc., at the foot of the high hill which rises abruptly to the left, is not seen. They would make a far better snow picture than the oaks which are in the view."

His remarks, too, about his portrait are particularly entertaining.

"I don't know about the portrait. At first thought, it strikes me that it would be rather out of place at the head of a new venture in rhyme. I don't want to run the risk of being laughed at. However, do as thee likes about it. Put thyself in the place of Mrs. Grundy, and see if it will be safe for any 'counterfeit presentment' to brave the old lady's criticism."

Mr. Fields evidently dared to add the portrait. It is a steel engraving, and bears, besides the name, the following inscription: "Engraved By H. W. Smith. From a Photograph By Hawes." The book is further embellished by a woodcut head-piece and an initial letter, representing snow scenes.

From other letters we learn that Whittier liked the page and type of the volume, and in this he showed himself a good judge. His opinion is confirmed by those who see in the book an example worthy of its publishers, all of whose productions, issued at this period, are good, while some are beautiful in their simplicity and elegance. When the matter of paper was brought up, the author said, "Don't put the poem on tinted or fancy paper, let it be white as the snow it tells of." Fifty copies were printed on large paper, and were probably given by the poet only to his friends. These embodied all the corrections afterward incorporated in the regular editions.

Whittier's feeling for appropriateness is shown also in the following quotation:

"I wish it could come out in season for winter fireside reading--the very season for it.... I shall dedicate it to my brother, and shall occupy one page with quotations from Cor. Agrippa, and from Emerson's 'Snow Storm.'..."

He changed his mind about the dedication, however, for the book is inscribed "To the memory of the household it describes."

Among the errors which crept into the poem, one, the phrase "Pindus-born Araxes," was afterward corrected to "Pindus-born Arachthus"; and another,

"The wedding _knell_ and dirge of death,"

held its ground from 1866 until 1893.

Whittier's share in the profits of _Snow-Bound_, we are told, amounted to ten thousand dollars.

COLLATION: _52 pp. Portrait._

CORRIGENDA

PAGE LINE READ

4 7 copies are known 9 2 adminiſtracion 15 4 The | Firſte 16 32 Arber 25 3 authors' names 25 10 youngmans 33 20 Imprented 34 4 diſſwaſion. | 34 6 the | blacke 40 6 omnia: | fiue 41 11 duodecimi 41 23 Odysses 41 24 Mihi q^d viuo 41 34 end, in some copies, 45 1 are found 45 8 1585 48 18 Maſques 48 30 The second Volume Containing These 56 7 length 61 19 Grosart 67 4 Decem. 69 7 Beaumont 77 5 Dunstan's 79 9 in 86 27 The month of September, 1694 89 8 Theater 94 18 Charles 121 28 1759 126 4 By | 128 6 A. M'Lean 147 6 Intitled

* * * * *

INDEX TO AUTHORS AND TITLES

* * * * *

INDEX TO AUTHORS AND TITLES

Absalom And Achitophel, 84, 85

Adam Bede, 211, 212

Addison (Joseph). The Spectator, 94-96

Adonais, 169, 170

Analogy (The) Of Religion, 104

Anatomy (The) Of Melancholy, 51, 52

Apologia Pro Vita Sua, 217

Arcadia. The Countesse Of Pembrokes, 29-31

Arnold (Matthew). Essays In Criticism, 218

Austen (Jane). Pride And Prejudice, 161, 162

B. (E. B.) Sonnets, 193

Bacon (Francis), Baron Verulam. Essaies, 34, 35

Baldwin (William), Thomas Sackville, and others. A Myrrour For Magiſtrates, 19-21

Beaumont (Francis) and John Fletcher. Comedies And Tragedies, 69-71

Bell (Currer). Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. Edited by, 191

Bible. The Holy, 44-47

Biglow Papers (The), 194, 195

Blackstone (Sir William). Commentaries, 121, 122

Booke (The) of the common praier, 9-11

Boswell (James). The Life Of Samuel Johnson, 150-152

Braybrooke (Richard, Lord). _See_ Pepys (Samuel). Memoirs, 173, 174

Broken Heart (The), 58

Brontë (Charlotte). Jane Eyre, 191

Browne (Sir Thomas). Religio Medici, 65, 66

Browning (Elizabeth Barrett). Sonnets, 193

Browning (Robert). Men and Women, 208

Bunyan (John). The Pilgrims Progreſs, 82, 83

Burke (Edmund). Reflections On The Revolution In France, 146

Burns (Robert). Poems, 141, 142

Burton (Robert). The Anatomy Of Melancholy, 51, 52

Butler (Joseph), Bishop of Durham. The Analogy Of Religion, 104

Butler (Samuel). Hudibras. 77, 78

Byron (George Gordon), Sixth Baron. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, 157-160

Canterbury Tales (The), 3, 4

Carlyle (Thomas). Sartor Resartus, 183-185.

Chapman (George). The Whole Works Of Homer, 40-43.

Chaucer (Geoffrey). The Canterbury Tales, 3, 4

Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, 157-160

Christabel: Kubla Khan ... The Pains Of Sleep, 163, 164

Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande, 15-18

Clarendon (Edward Hyde, First Earl of). The History Of The Rebellion, 89, 90

Clarissa, 110, 111

Coleridge (Samuel Taylor). Christabel, 163, 164

Coleridge (Samuel Taylor) and William Wordsworth. Lyrical Ballads, 153, 154

Collins (William). Odes, 109

Comedies And Tragedies, 69-71

Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies, 53-55

Commentaries On The Laws Of England, 121, 122

Common praier. The booke of the, 9-11

Compleat Angler (The), 75, 76

Confeſſio amantis, 5, 6

Congreve (William). The Way of the World, 88

Conquest Of Peru. History Of The, 187, 188

Cooper (James Fenimore). The Last Of The Mohicans, 175, 176

Countesse Of Pembrokes Arcadia (The), 29-31

Cowper (William). The Task, 137-140

Cross (Mary Ann or Marian). Adam Bede Edited By George Eliot, 211, 212

D. (J.). Poems by, 62-64

Darwin (Charles Robert). On The Origin Of Species, 213-215

Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire. The History Of The, 133-135

Defoe (Daniel). The Life And Strange Surprizing Adventures Of Robinson Crusoe, 97, 98

Democritus Iunior. _See_ Burton (Robert).

Dickens (Charles). The Posthumous Papers Of The Pickwick Club, 180-182

Dictionary (A) Of The English Language, 117, 118

Donne (John). Poems, 62-64

Dorset (Thomas Sackville, First Earl of). _See_ Thomas Sackville.

Dryden (John). Absalom And Achitophel, 84, 85

Dutch Republic. The Rise Of The, 209, 210

Dutchesse of Malfy. The Tragedy Of The, 56

Elegy (An) Wrote In A Country Church Yard, 114-116

Elia. Essays Which Have Appeared Under That Signature, 171, 172

Emerson (Ralph Waldo). Nature, 186

Essaies. Religious Meditationes, 34, 35

Essay (An) Concerning Humane Understanding, 86, 87

Essay (An) On Man, 102, 103

Essays In Criticism, 218

Euphues, 26-28

Evangeline, 192

Eve Of St. Agnes (The). Lamia, Isabella, 167, 168

Expedition (The) Of Humphry Clinker, 130, 131

Faerie Queene (The), 32, 33

Famous Tragedy (The) Of The Rich Ievv Of Malta, 59

Federalist (The), 128, 129

Ferrex and Porrex. The Tragidie of, 24, 25

Fielding (Henry). The History Of Tom Jones, 112, 113

Fitzgerald (Edward). Rubáiyát Of Omar Khayyám, 216

Fletcher (John) and Francis Beaumont. Comedies And Tragedies, 69-71

Ford (John). The Broken Heart, 58

Franklin (Benjamin). Poor Richard improved, 119, 120

George Eliot. Adam Bede, 211, 212

Gibbon (Edward). The History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire, 133-135

Goldsmith (Oliver). The Vicar Of Wakefield, 123-125

Gower (John). Confeſſio amantis, 5, 6

Gray (Thomas). An Elegy Wrote In A Country Church Yard, 114-116

Gulliver (Lemuel). Travels Into Several Remote Nations ... By, 99-101

Hakluyt (Richard). The Principal Navigations, etc., 36-39

Hawthorne (Nathaniel). The Scarlet Letter, 202, 203

Herbert (George). The Temple, 60, 61

Herrick (Robert). Hesperides, 72, 73

Hesperides, 72, 73

History (The) of England, 199, 200

History (A) Of New York ... By Diedrich Knickerbocker, 155, 156

History Of The Conquest Of Peru, 187, 188

History (The) Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire, 133-135

History (The) Of The Rebellion, 89, 90

History (The) Of Tom Jones, 112, 113

Holinshed (Raphael). Chronicles, 15-18

Holy Bible (The), 44-47

Holy Living. The Rule And Exercises Of, 74

Homer. The Whole Works Of, 40-43

Howard (Henry), Earl of Surrey, and others. Songes And Sonnettes, 22, 23

Hudibras, 77, 78

Humane Understanding. An Essay Concerning, 86, 87

Humphry Clinker. The Expedition Of, 130, 131

Hyde (Edward), First Earl of Clarendon. The History Of The Rebellion, 89, 90

In Memoriam, 201

Inquiry (An) Into The Nature and Cauſes Of The Wealth Of Nations, 132

Irving (Washington). A History Of New York, 155, 156

Isabella, The Eve Of St. Agnes. Lamia, 167, 168

Ivanhoe, 165, 166

Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. Edited By Currer Bell, 191

Johnson (Samuel). A Dictionary Of The English Language, 117, 118

Johnson, The Life Of Samuel, 150-152

Jonson (Benjamin). The Workes, 48-50

Keats (John). Lamia, Isabella, The Eve Of St. Agnes, 167, 168

Knickerbocker (Diedrich). A History Of New York ... By, 155, 156

Kubla Khan, A Vision; The Pains Of Sleep. Christabel, 163, 164

Lamb (Charles). Elia, 171, 172

Lamia, Isabella, The Eve Of St. Agnes, 167, 168

Landor (Walter Savage). Pericles And Aspasia, 177-179

Langland (William). The Vision of Pierce Plowman, 12-14

Last Of The Mohicans (The), 175, 176

Life (The) And Strange Surprizing Adventures Of Robinson Crusoe, 97, 98

Life (The) Of Samuel Johnson, 150-152

Locke (John). An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, 86, 87

Longfellow (Henry Wadsworth). Evangeline, 192

Lowell (James Russell). The Biglow Papers, 194, 195

Lucubrations (The) Of Isaac Bickerſtaff Eſq., 91-93

Lyly (John). Euphues, 26-28

Lyrical Ballads, With A Few Other Poems, 153, 154

Macaulay (Thomas Babington), First Baron Macaulay, The History Of England, 199, 200

Malfy. The Tragedy Of The Dutchesse Of, 56

Malory (Sir Thomas). Le Morte Darthur, 7, 8

Marlowe (Christopher). The Famous Tragedy Of The Rich Ievv Of Malta, 59

Massinger (John). A New Way To Pay Old Debts, 57

Melib[oe]us-Hipponax. The Biglow Papers. Edited ... By Homer Wilbur, 194, 195

Memoirs Of Samuel Pepys, Esq. F.R.S., 173, 174

Men And Women, 208

Milton (John). Paradiſe loſt, 79-81

Morte Darthur. (Le), 7, 8

Motley (John Lothrop). The Rise Of The Dutch Republic, 209, 210

Myrrour For Magiſtrates (A), 19-21

Natural History (The) And Antiquities Of Selborne, 143-145

Nature, 186

New Way (A) To Pay Old Debts, 57

Newman (John Henry), Cardinal. Apologia Pro Vita Sua, 217

Norton (Thomas) and Thomas Sackville. The Tragidie of Ferrex and Porrex, 24, 25

Odes On Several Deſcriptive and Allegoric Subjects, 109

Omar Khayyám. Rubáiyát Of, 216

On The Origin Of Species, 213-215

Paine (Thomas). Rights Of Man, 147-149

Pains Of Sleep. Christabel: Kubla Khan ... 163, 164

Paradiſe loſt, 79-81

Pepys (Samuel). Memoirs, 173, 174

Percy (Thomas), Bishop of Dromore. Reliques Of Ancient English Poetry, 105-108

Pericles And Aspasia, 177-179

Pickwick Club. The Posthumous Papers Of The, 180-182

Pierce Plowman. The Vision of, 12-14

Pilgrims Progreſs (The), 82, 83

Poe (Edgar Allan). The Raven, 189, 190

Poems, By J. D., 62-64

Poems, Chiefly In The Scottish Dialect, 141, 142

Poor Richard improved, 119, 120

Pope (Alexander). An Essay On Man, 102, 103

Posthumous Papers (The) Of The Pickwick Club, 180-182

Prescott (William Hinckling). History Of The Conquest Of Peru, 187, 188

Pride And Prejudice, 161, 162

Principal Navigations, (The) Voiages, Traffiques And Discoueries of the Engliſh Nation, 36-39

Raven (The) And Other Poems, 189, 190

Reflections On The Revolution In France, 146

Religio Medici, 65, 66

Reliques Of Ancient English Poetry, 105-108

Revolution In France. Reflections On The, 146

Richardson (Samuel). Clarissa, 110, 111

Rich Ievv Of Malta. The Famous Tragedy Of The, 59

Rights Of Man, 147-149

Rise Of The Dutch Republic, 209, 210

Robinson Crusoe. The Life And Strange Surprizing Adventures Of, 97, 98

Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám, 216

Rule And Exercises Of Holy Living, 74

Ruskin (John). The Stones of Venice, 205-207

Sackville (Thomas), First Earl of Dorset, and Thomas Norton. The Tragidie of Ferrex and Porrex, 24, 25

Sackville (Thomas), First Earl of Dorset, William Baldwin and others. A Myrrour For Magiſtrates, 19-21

Sartor Resartus, 183-185

Scarlet Letter (The), 202, 203

School (The) For Scandal, 136

Scott (Sir Walter). Ivanhoe, 165, 166

Selborne. The Natural History And Antiquities Of, 143-145

Sentimental Journey (A), 126, 127

Shakespeare (William). Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies, 53-55

Shelley (Percy Bysshe). Adonais, 169, 170

Sheridan (Richard Brinsley). The School For Scandal, 136

Sidney (Sir Philip). The Countesse Of Pembrokes Arcadia, 29-31

Smith (Adam). An Inquiry Into The Nature and Causes Of The Wealth Of Nations, 132

Smollett (Tobias George). The Expedition Of Humphry Clinker, 130, 131

Snow-Bound, 219, 220

Songes And Sonnettes, 22, 23

Sonnets. By E. B. B., 193

Spectator (The), 94-96

Spenser (Edmund). The Faerie Queene, 32, 33

Steele (Sir Richard). The Tatler, 91-93

Sterne (Laurence). A Sentimental Journey, 126, 127

Stones of Venice (The), 205-207

Stowe (Harriet Beecher). Uncle Tom's Cabin, 204

Surrey (Henry Howard), Earl of. Songes And Sonnettes, 22, 23

Swift (Jonathan). Travels Into Several Remote Nations ... By Lemuel Gulliver, 99-101

Task (The), 137-140

Tatler (The), 91-93

Taylor (Jeremy). The Rule And Exercises Of Holy Living, 74

Temple (The), 60, 61

Tennyson (Alfred), First Baron Tennyson. In Memoriam. 201

Thackeray (William Makepeace). Vanity Fair, 196-198

Tom Jones. The History Of, 112, 113

Tragedy (The) Of The Dutchesse Of Malfy, 56

Tragedy of The Rich Ievv Of Malta. The Famous, 59

Tragidie (The) of Ferrex and Porrex, 24, 25

Travels Into Several Remote Nations ... By Lemuel Gulliver, 99-101

Uncle Tom's Cabin, 204

Vanity Fair, 196-198

Vicar Of Wakefield (The), 123-125

Vision (The) of Pierce Plowman, 12-14

Waller (Edmund). The Workes, 67, 68

Walton (Izaak). The Compleat Angler, 75, 76

Way of the World (The), 88

Wealth Of Nations. An Inquiry Into The Nature and Cauſes Of The, 132

Webster (John). The Tragedy Of The Dutchesse Of Malfy, 56

White (Gilbert). The Natural History And Antiquities Of Selborne, 143-145

Whittier (John Greenleaf). Snow-Bound, 219, 220

Wilbur (Homer) ... The Biglow Papers. Edited ... by, 194, 195

Wordsworth (William) and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Lyrical Ballads, 153, 154.

* * * * *

[Greek: kai mên arithmon exochon sophismatôn exeuron autois grammatôn te syntheseis mnêmên th'apantôn mousomêtor' ergatin]

Translation (De Vinne Press - https: //printinghistory.org/de-vinne/): "and further I discovered for them [i.e., mankind] numeration, most striking of inventions, and composition, nurse of the arts, producer of the record of all things."--Prometheus.

* * * * *

Transcriber's Note:

This book contains many instances of ſ (long s), which have been retained, though its use is not necessarily consistent.

Some joining m-dashes (—) (usually in dates) have been changed to hyphens (-).

Lines 921, 927 (page 16): 'trust' has twice appeared on this page as 'trust', instead of the expected 'truſt'. It may have been deliberate, and has been retained.

"thoſe yet whom he left in trust to diſpoſe his things after...."

"and the rather to anſwere that trust which the deceaſſed repoſed in me,..."

Line 1070 (page 20): 'fyrst' has been retained.

"as the fyrst part doth of other mens," ... ... "wurthy wittes to enterpryſe and performe the reſt."

Line 1122 (Page 21): ([backwards P?R] one) and ([backwards P?R] I). This appears to be a monogram, either qR, joined, or backwards-P joined to R.

Line 1718 (Page 36): 'christopher Barker' is as printed.

"... christopher Barker, Printer to the Queenes moſt excellent Maieſtie."

Line 1723 (Page 36): Decorative 'A', or SA monogram?

"... and there are two large pictorial initials at the beginning signed A."

(also Line 1807 on Page 38)

Line 1982 (Page 42): 'χαριsńgιον' corrected to 'χαριϛήριον' [Greek: Charistêrion]

Line 2754: (Page 63): 'fory' corrected to 'ſory'

"I am ſory that I muſt deceive you; but you will not...."

Lines 3799-3800 (Page 90): 'MBurg.' and 'MBurghers', with M and B close together - a monogram?

"... is signed "delin MBurg. ſculp. Univ. Ox.," in the first two volumes, and "delin MBurghers ſculpt, Univ. Ox. 1704," in the third,..."

Line 3805 (Page 90): "A portrait of Clarendon, occurs as a frontispiece in each of the three volumes." ... either extraneous comma after 'Clarenden' or missing comma after 'portrait'. Extraneous comma removed for clarity.

Line 3971 (Page 94): 'ſumum' corrected to 'fumum'

"Non fumum ex fulgore, ſed ex fumo dare lucem"

Line 4913 (Page 118): "... they received 23s. a week, which he agreed to raise to 2l. 2s., not, it is to be hoped, out of the 1,575l."

l = £ (pound/pounds); so,

"... they received 23 shillings a week, which he agreed to raise to £2. 2s. (2 pounds 2 shillings, or 42 shillings), not, it is to be hoped, out of the £1575 (1,575 pounds)."

Line 5505, Page 135: 'historians'' corrected to 'historian's'

(re Gibbon) "... the historian's "profit on the whole is stated...."

Line 9236 (Page 226): 'surprising' corrected to 'surprizing' to match title, and other index entry.

"Robinson Crusoe. The Life And Strange Surprizing Adventures Of, 97, 98"

Lines 9370, 9378 (Page 230): The transliteration of the Greek poem in the De Vinne Press Logo, and the translation supplied by the De Vinne Press website, have been added for readers' benefit.