CHAPTER IV
HISTORY OF THE SEE
The earlier history of the see of Durham has already been referred to in order to lead up to the founding of the cathedral. We have seen how the bishop and monks of Lindisfarne fled and wandered with the relics of their beloved S. Cuthbert, eventually settling at Chester-le-Street, until, in the year 990, Bishop Aldhun, in terror of the Danes, again fled southward to Ripon. The country at this time was ruled by that weak monarch, Ethelred the Unready, and the Danes, finding no determined opposition, continually made piratical incursions, and eventually, through the treachery of three chieftains, the Castle of Bamburgh fell into their hands. After an interval of three or four months peace was made with the invaders, and Aldhun and his monks ventured to return towards Chester-le-Street. It was during this journey, at a place called Wredelau, that the car carrying the saint stuck fast, and the incidents previously related occurred, which led to the founding of the Bishopric of Durham.
#Aldhun# may therefore be called the first Bishop of Durham. He held the see for twenty-nine years, and died in 1018. Aldhun it was who built the first or White Church, now destroyed. It is extremely probable that some of the stones of this church were used in the foundations of Carileph's choir and apses.
After Aldhun's death the see remained vacant for three years, when he was succeeded by
#Edmund# (1020-1040). It is said that the monks could not agree as to who should succeed Aldhun, when one day Edmund, a presbyter, asked in a joke, "Why not appoint me?" Being a pious and a faithful man, they took him at his word, and, after much persuasion and fasting and prayer, he was consecrated. The choice was a good one. Edmund was an energetic and beloved prelate. He died at Gloucester in 1041. One of the most important events during his episcopate was the invasion of Northumbria by Duncan, King of the Scots. He besieged Durham, but was beaten off, with great slaughter, and the heads of many of his men were exposed in the market-place.
#Egelric# (1042-1056) was the next bishop. He was an alien, and made himself obnoxious to the clergy and people. With the intention of rebuilding, he pulled down the wooden church at Chester-le-Street, which had been the seat of the bishopric for one hundred and thirteen years. A large quantity of treasure was found while digging foundations, and this Egelric appropriated and sent to his monastery at Peterborough, where he soon followed it. Before resigning the see of Durham, however, he secured the appointment of his brother to the bishopric. Some years later William the Conqueror called him to account for his behaviour in the matter of the treasure, and threw him into prison at Westminster, where he died in 1072.
#Egelwin# (1056-1071) succeeded, through the influence of his brother. He took part in the rebellion of Eadwin and Morcar, and, like his predecessor, died in prison. He was the last of the Saxon bishops.
#Walcher# (1071-1080). William I. found the Church in great disorder and made many changes. He filled most of the sees by the appointment of Norman bishops. To Durham he elected Walcher. The latter was a man of gentle disposition, but his chaplain, Leobwin, and Gilbert, a kinsman of his own, to whom he entrusted most of his affairs, were hated by the people, over whom they exercised great tyranny. At length a noble, named Lyulph, ventured to remonstrate with them, and in their rage they had him assassinated. The people were furious, and the bishop vainly denied any knowledge of the deed. He called a meeting at Gateshead. Here a tremendous tumult arose, the mob crying, "Good rede, short rede, slay ye the bishop," and eventually setting fire to the church. The bishop was eventually reduced to a choice of facing the mob or being burnt in the church. He chose the former, and, covering his face with his robe, went out. He was immediately slain on the threshold, and dreadfully mutilated. His body was removed by the monks to Jarrow, and afterwards to Durham, where he was buried.
#William of S. Carileph# (1080-1096) was next appointed bishop. He was a man of great attainments. To him we owe the founding of the present cathedral. Carileph also made an important change, by the removal from Durham of the secular clergy, and their replacement by Benedictine monks drawn from Jarrow and Monkwearmouth. The foundations of the new church were laid on 29th July 1093, the Bishop and Prior Turgot being present. He did not live to see it very far advanced, being taken ill at Windsor. He died about Christmas 1096.
#Ranulph Flambard# (1099-1128).--The see was kept vacant for three years by William Rufus, when he appointed Flambard, a great builder. He built the nave and aisles, the west doorway and lower part of the western towers, and vaulted the aisles. He also built Framwellgate Bridge over the Wear at Durham, erected and endowed S. Giles' Church, Durham, and was the founder of Norham Castle on the Tweed.
#Galfrid Rufus# (1133-1140) was his successor. His episcopate was much disturbed by wars with the Scots. The chapter-house was finished during his time of office.
#William de S. Barbara# (1143-1152) was next appointed. Extraordinary events marked his election. William Cumin, chancellor of the Scottish king, attempted to take the bishopric for himself, and succeeded so far as to capture the castle with the aid of the Scots. The rightful bishop was not able to gain possession for sixteen months after his election. Cumin submitted in 1144.
#Hugh Pudsey# (1153-1195) now succeeded to the bishopric at the age of twenty-five. He bought for life the earldom of Northumberland and the manor of Sadberg. In 1187 the news of the capture of Jerusalem by the Saracens spread consternation in the Church, and Pudsey prepared to accompany King Henry to the East. He fitted out ships and galleys in a most sumptuous manner, his own having a seat for himself of solid silver. Neither he nor King Henry embarked in the crusade, however. The king died, and Richard his son undertook the expedition, leaving Bishop Pudsey and Longchamp, Bishop of Ely, as justiciaries for the northern and southern portions of the kingdom respectively. These two quarrelled, and Pudsey was decoyed to London by Longchamp, and committed to the Tower. He soon obtained his release, but was compelled to resign the earldom of Northumberland. In 1195 he undertook a journey to London to see the king, and endeavour to obtain restitution of his honours and possessions, but was taken ill, and died on the way, at Howden. His work in the cathedral we have seen. He also built the great hall of the castle, most of the beautiful Church of S. Cuthbert at Darlington, and the Elvet Bridge over the Wear at Durham, and founded the hospital at Sherburn, near Durham. Darlington Church, which would well repay a visit, is a fine specimen of Early Pointed architecture, second only to the Galilee of Durham, the two showing in a wonderful manner the rapid development of the change which was taking place in architectural style during Pudsey's time.
#Philip de Pictavia# (1197-1208), elected at the urgent request of the king. He was continually at loggerheads with his clergy. He supported King John against the Pope, and was for this excommunicated; died in 1208, and was buried in unconsecrated ground. This bishop is said to have had the permission of the king to coin money at Durham.
#Richard de Marisco# (1217-1226) was elected after an interval of nearly ten years. The feud with the monks continued during his episcopate, and the bishop swore the Church of Durham should have no peace while he lived; threatened that if a monk should show himself beyond his cloister he should lose his head; and once, when his servants had beaten a monk, and the man complained, he replied that it was a pity they did not kill him. He died at Peterborough in 1226.
#Richard le Poore# (1229-1237), who was the next bishop, elected after the see had been vacant two years and four months, was translated from Salisbury, where he had commenced building the new cathedral. He ended the dispute between the monks and the Bishop of Durham by an agreement known as "Le Convenit."
#Nicholas de Farnham# (1241-1248) became bishop after a three years' dispute with the king. He resigned in 1248.
#Walter de Kirkham# (1249-1260), Dean of York, was next elected.
#Robert de Stitchill# (1261-1274), Prior of Finchale, succeeded him. Dissensions again arose between the bishop and the monks. He died on his return from France, where he had attended a council at Lyons. He was buried in a monastery in France, but his heart was brought to Durham, and buried in the chapter-house.
#Robert de Insula# (1274-1283), a native of Holy Island, as his name suggests, was then elected bishop. His tenure of office was peaceful.
#Anthony Bek# (1283-1310). The next bishop was of noble birth, the son of Walter Bek, Baron of Eresby, in Lincolnshire. He took part with Edward I. in his expedition to Scotland, and, being very wealthy, was of great assistance to the king. His following consisted of twenty-six standard bearers, one hundred and forty knights, and an army of five thousand foot and five hundred horse. He was employed by the king, with success, in many important State matters. In the year 1300 trouble again arose with the monks. Some of them being dissatisfied with the Prior Hotoun, the bishop proposed to hold a visitation. The prior refusing to admit him unless he came unattended, the bishop deposed and excommunicated him. The convent took sides, some with the bishop and some with the prior, and it was only on the interference of the king that a partial peace was restored. The quarrel soon reopened. Some men made a complaint against the bishop. He had compelled them to take arms under him in the Scottish war, and had imprisoned some who had returned without leave. The barons upheld the men, and it led to them taking sides with Prior Hotoun in his dispute. The bishop, calling the monks together, ordered them to elect a new prior, which they promptly refused to do. On this the bishop appointed Henry de Luceby of Holy Island to be prior of Durham, and brought men from Weardale and Tynedale to expel the old prior. They laid siege to the convent, and for three days Prior Hotoun and forty-six monks were shut up with only six loaves and sixteen herrings. They continued the services however. On the third day a Tynedale man was sent to pull the prior out of his stall, but was so awed by his venerable appearance that he dared not touch him. A monk on the bishop's side, however, did the work. Prior Luceby was installed, and Prior Richard seized and imprisoned. He soon escaped, however, and carried his complaint before Parliament, and afterwards to the Pope, Boniface VIII. The Pope decided in his favour, and Hotoun returned to Durham, and Luceby and his friends were obliged to go, though they tried, when doing so, to carry off some silver plate and other valuables. Bek continued in great splendour until his death in 1310. When he died he was king of the Isle of Man, Patriarch of Jerusalem, Bishop of Durham, and Prince Palatine.
#Richard de Kellaw# (1311-1316), formerly a monk of Durham, succeeded Bek. He was a good and learned man, and lived in harmony with the monks.
#Louis de Beaumont# (1318-1333) was next appointed bishop, after great competition and intrigue. He was chosen in opposition to the wishes of the chapter, who had elected Stamford, Prior of Finchale, to succeed Kellaw. On his way to Durham for consecration and enthronement, accompanied by two cardinals and a large retinue, he was waylaid at Rushyford by a band of ruffians under Gilbert Middleton. They plundered the cardinals, but carried the bishop a prisoner to Mitford Castle. His release was only secured on payment by the monastery of a heavy ransom. He was an ignorant man, and so innocent of Latin that he could not read his profession of obedience, being continually prompted. Later, at an ordination, he stumbled over the words "_in oenigmate_" and cried in French, "_Par Seynt Lewis, il ne fuit pas curtays qui cest parole ici escrit._" "By Saint Lewis he was no gentleman who wrote this word."
#Richard de Bury# (1333-1345), who succeeded, was a great scholar, tutor to Edward III., and author of "Philobiblon," a book still extant. He was a good man, and very kind to the poor.
#Thomas de Hatfield# (1345-1381) was, like Bishop Bek, a warrior ecclesiastic. Soon after his election he led eighty archers to the siege of Calais. His episcopate was notable for the wars with the Scots, and the great victory obtained over them, with the capture of King David and many nobles, at Neville's Cross, near Durham. Fifteen thousand Scots were slain. The victory was attributed to the presence of the sacred banner of S. Cuthbert, which Prior John Fossor took to a place near the battlefield, kneeling in prayer the while for success. A hymn of thanksgiving was appointed to be sung on the top of the cathedral tower on each anniversary of the battle. This custom is still carried out, though the day has been changed to the twenty-ninth of May. Hatfield was a liberal supporter of Durham College at Oxford. He erected his own tomb in the choir of the cathedral, in which he was afterwards buried.
#John Fordham# (1381-1388), secretary to Richard II., and Canon of York, was next elected. Suspected of giving bad advice to the king, he was compelled to resign, but was given the inferior bishopric of Ely, where he lived to extreme old age, dying in 1425.
#Walter de Skirlaw# (1388-1405), translated from Bath and Wells, was a munificent prelate. He built bridges at Shincliffe, Bishop Auckland, and Yarm; a refuge tower, a beautiful chapter-house (now in ruins) at Howden; and was a large contributor to the expense of building the central tower of York Cathedral. His work in the building of the cloisters of Durham has already been referred to.
#Thomas Langley# (1406-1437) succeeded. He was Chancellor of England, Dean of York, and in 1411 was made a cardinal. He occupied the see during part of the reign of Henry IV., the whole of that of Henry V., and fifteen years of that of Henry VI. He founded two schools on the Palace Green at Durham, and in his will left collections of books to many colleges.
#Robert Neville# (1437-1457), son of the Earl of Westmoreland and his wife Joan, who was a daughter of John of Gaunt. He was therefore uncle of the Earl of Warwick, the "king-maker" of Richard III. and of Edward IV. He had a peaceful episcopate of nineteen years, and was buried in the cathedral, in the south aisle near his ancestors.
#Laurance Booth# (1457-1476), Canon of York and Lichfield, Archdeacon of Richmond, and Dean of S. Paul's, was the next bishop. He was a supporter of the House of Lancaster. He was translated to the archbishopric of York in 1476, the first of the bishops of Durham who was raised to that dignity.
#William Dudley# (1476-1483), Dean of Windsor, succeeded him.
#John Sherwood# (1483-1494), who was appointed next, was a learned man, and made a large collection of Greek manuscripts. He died in Rome in 1494.
#Richard Fox# (1494-1501) was translated from Bath and Wells after the see had remained vacant for eleven months. Nothing of particular moment occurred during his episcopate. He was an early patron and helper of Wolsey, and lived to regret having assisted him. He made alterations in the castle at Durham. He was translated to the see of Winchester in 1501, and died in 1528.
#William Sinews# or #Sever# (1502-1505), translated from Carlisle. He is said to have been the son of a sieve-maker at Shincliffe, near Durham.
#Christopher Bainbridge# (1507-1508), Dean of York, was next elected, and after an episcopate of one year was translated to York. In 1511 he was sent to Rome as ambassador by Henry VIII., and while there was created cardinal. He died in Rome, poisoned by a servant whom he had struck in anger.
#Thomas Ruthall# (1509-1522), Dean of Salisbury, was the next bishop. He was immensely wealthy, and his love of money brought him into disgrace. King Henry commanded him to draw up an account of the lands and revenues of the Crown. The bishop, in error, sent to the king the wrong book, in which was set forth an account of his own possessions. The king, though tampered with by Wolsey, made no use of the knowledge thus obtained. But the affair rankled in the mind of the bishop, and is said to have hastened his death.
#Thomas Wolsey# (1522-1528) was appointed to succeed him. The famous cardinal held the see for six years, as well as that of York. During the whole of his episcopate he never visited Durham, and in 1528 he resigned it for the see of Winchester.
#Cuthbert Tunstall# (1530-1559) was translated from London by a Papal Bull, the last used for this purpose. Tunstall was a remarkable man, and he occupied the see during an important period of Church history, the Reformation, all the stages of which he saw. During his episcopacy, the great privileges of the bishops of Durham as Princes Palatine were very much curtailed. In 1526, while Tunstall was Bishop of London, the English translation of the New Testament by Tyndall appeared, causing great alarm among the clergy. The part played by Tunstall in relation to this is well known. He opposed the supremacy of King Henry as head of the Church, but eventually gave up the struggle and preached in its favour. The monastery of Durham was suppressed in 1540, and a dean and twelve canons appointed. Soon after the accession of Edward VI., Bishop Tunstall was committed to the Tower and deprived of his see, on a charge of having encouraged rebellion in the north. On the accession of Mary to the throne he was released and restored, but there would seem to be no grounds for supposing that he took any part in the cruelties practised during her reign. When Elizabeth became queen, Tunstall refused to take the oath, and was again deprived of his see, and, being now an old man, was committed to the custody of his friend Archbishop Parker (Canterbury), with whom he lived till his death in 1559. He was a scholarly prelate, of a kindly nature, and was held in universal esteem.
#James Pilkington# (1560-1575) left the buildings of the see in a ruinous condition.
#Richard Barnes# (1575-1587), translated from Carlisle. He is said to have been removed to Durham in order to spy upon the correspondence and messengers of the unfortunate Mary Queen of Scots.
#Matthew Hutton# (1589-1594), Dean of York, was the next bishop. A man of great learning, and considered one of the best preachers of his day. He was translated to York in 1594.
#Tobias Matthew# (1595-1606), Dean of Durham, was his successor. He was also a great preacher, and was celebrated for his wit. He was translated to York.
#William James# (1606-1617), Dean of Durham, was next elected.
#Richard Neile# (1617-1627) was translated from Lincoln. He was remarkable as being the only bishop who held six sees successively--viz. 1608, Rochester; 1610, Lichfield; 1613, Lincoln; 1617, Durham; 1627, Winchester; and 1631, Archbishop of York. He did much to help forward men of learning and ability by giving them preferment in his see, and reserving apartments for their use in Durham House, London, which became known as Durham College. He spent large sums of money on repairs to the buildings at Durham.
#George Monteigne# (1628), Bishop of London, only held the see of Durham for three months, when he was translated to York.
#John Howson# (1628-1631), Bishop of Oxford, held the see for two years, and died in 1631.
#Thomas Morton# (1632-1659), translated from Lichfield. The North of England was much disturbed in 1640 by the invasion of the Scots, and Bishop Morton fled--first to Stockton, afterwards to York--and never returned to his diocese. The successful Scots levied heavy taxes on the district for the maintenance of their troops, as much as L850 a day being demanded. In 1646, Episcopacy was abolished, and the estates of the bishops ordered to be sold. Thus we find at Durham the castle sold to the Mayor of London for L1267 and Durham, Borough, and Framwellgate disposed of to the Corporation for L200. The bishop lived a life of suffering in London, cared for by his friends, till his death in 1659, at the age of ninety-four. During his episcopate, in 1656, Oliver Cromwell arranged for the founding of a college in Durham, but his death prevented him carrying out his scheme. His son, however, did so, and it flourished until the Restoration, which, by giving back property to its rightful owners, put an end to its existence.
#John Cosin# (1660-1671), Canon of Durham, was the first bishop after the Restoration. He was a most munificent prelate, leaving many charitable bequests. He spent large sums in the restoration of the cathedral and castle and the palace at Bishop Auckland. He built a hospital for eight poor people, and erected a library on the palace green.
#Nathaniel Crewe# (1642-1722), translated from Oxford. He was a strong supporter of King James II., but afterwards took the oath of allegiance to William and Mary. He was noted for his charity and munificence, and left large sums to the poor, and in scholarships tenable by natives of Durham.
#William Talbot# (1722-1730), translated from Salisbury.
#Edward Chandler# (1730-1750), Bishop of Lichfield, was next elected. He gave L2000 to be laid out for the benefit of the widows of clergymen of his diocese.
#Joseph Butler# (1750-1752) was translated from Bristol. He is best known as the author of "The Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed."
#Richard Trevor# (1752-1771), Bishop of S. David's, a learned, pious, and unostentatious man. He left L200 in his will to the poor of Durham and Auckland.
#John Egerton# (1771-1787), Bishop of Lichfield, was next elected. He married the daughter of Henry, Duke of Kent, and his eldest son afterwards became Earl of Bridgewater.
#Thomas Thurlow# (1787-1791) was translated to Durham from Lincoln. He was brother of the Lord Chancellor.
#Shute Barrington# (1791-1826) was the next bishop, having previously held the sees of Llandaff and Salisbury. A most beneficent prelate; his charities, especially those for the founding of schools and augmentation of poor livings, were magnificent. During his episcopacy, external repairs to the cathedral having become absolutely necessary, James Wyatt, who had already done such mischief at Salisbury, was given charge of the work. Then it was that the paring process, spoken of previously, was completed, the chapter-house destroyed, and the Galilee Chapel only saved from destruction by the intervention of Dean Cornwallis. Wyatt's other wild schemes, to extend the choir eastwards, to the utter ruin of the Nine Altar Chapel, to remove the beautiful Neville screen, and surmount the central tower of the church by a spire, were happily checked in time, or there is no saying to what extent the building would have been mutilated. Bishop Barrington died in London, in his ninety-third year.
#William Van Mildert# (1826-1836), Bishop of Llandaff, succeeded to the see. During his episcopate, many important changes were made. The Ecclesiastical Commission, appointed in 1833, to consider in what manner the funds of the Church might be made more available for the purposes for which they were intended, decided to give future bishops a fixed yearly payment, and to reduce the number of canons from twelve to six. On the appointment of a new bishop, the Palatinate was to be annexed by the State. Thus Van Mildert was the last Count Palatine. Before these changes came into force, however, the bishop and the dean and chapter founded and endowed the university out of the revenues of the see, for the use of which the bishop gave up the castle. Bishop Van Mildert was a man of great charity, and though his income was immense, he died comparatively poor. He died in February 1836, and was interred in the chapel of the Nine Altars.
#Edward Maltby# (1836-1856), his successor, was translated from Chichester, and held the see for twenty years, when, owing to advanced age and increasing infirmity, he resigned in 1856.
#Charles Thomas Longley# (1856-1860), first Bishop of Ripon, was next elected. He was a popular and much-beloved prelate. In 1860 he was created Archbishop of York, and two years later was translated to Canterbury.
#Hon. Henry Montague Villiers# (1860-1861) was translated from Carlisle. A fine preacher, his episcopate was all too short. He died, after much suffering, in 1861.
#Charles Baring# (1861-1878), Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol, succeeded him. A man of unbounded charity and goodness, he won the affection of all who knew him personally. He was compelled, through illness, to resign the see in 1878, and did not long survive his retirement.
#Joseph Barber Lightfoot# (1879-1889) was then elected to the see. A man of scholarly attainments, he is still too well known and remembered to need any detailed note. He came to Durham pledged to accomplish as soon as possible the division of the diocese, which promise he carried out by restoring the suppressed see of Hexham to Newcastle-on-Tyne. A fine tomb to the memory of Dr Lightfoot has been placed on the north side of the choir of the cathedral, and as a memorial of his episcopate the mutilated chapter-house has been restored.
The present bishop is the #Right Rev. Brooke Foss Westcott, D.D.#
* * * * *
In this place may conveniently be given the rough draft of the settlement of the see by King Henry VIII. at the Reformation. Although departed from in many instances, it throws a curious light on the king's intentions to keep up some semblance of a conventual institution with an active educational purpose.
DURESME.
[Fol. 30.] Duresme \ cum Cellis. /
First a provoste of the College cc li. Item xii prebendaryes and the moste parte of theym preachers vi of them 1 markes and vi of them xxvi li. xiii s. iiii d. by the yere ccclx li. Item a Reader of humanytie in greke by the yere xx li. Item a Reader of dyvynytie in hebrewe by the yere xx li. Item a Reader bothe of devynytie and humanytie by the yere xx li. Item a Reader of physyke xx li. Item lx scollers to be tawghte both gramer and logyke in hebrewe greke and lattyn every of them by the yere iii li. vi s. viii d. cc li. Item xx studyentes in dyvynytie to be founde x att Oxenford, and x att Cambryge every of them by the yere x li. cc li. Item a Scolmaster for the same Scollers xx li. Item an ussher x li. Item viii petycanons to synge and serve in the quere every of them x li. by the yere xxiiii li. Item x laye men to synge and serve also in the quyre every of them by yere vi li. xiii s. iiii d. lxvi li. xiii s. iiii d. Item x Chorysters every of them by the yere fyve marks xxxiii li. vi s. viii d. Item a master of the Chylderne x li. Item a Gospeller vi li. Item a pysteller v li. Item ii sextens vi li. xiii s. iiii d. Item xii poore men beynge olde servynge men decayed by warres or in the Kyng's servyce every of them vi li. xiii s. iiii d. by yere lxvi li. xiii s. iiii d.
[Fol. 30. dors.]
Item yearly to be distrybuted in almes to poore house-holders lxvi li. xiii s. iiii d. Item for yearly reparacions lxvi li. xiii s. iiii d. Item to be employed yerely in makynge and mendynge of hyghewayes lxvi li. xiii s. iiii d. Item to a Steward of the Landes vi li. xiii s. iiii d. Item to an Audytor x li. Item to ii porters to kepe the gates and shave the Company x li. Item to one cheyf Butler for hys wages and dyete iiii li. xiiis. iiiid. Item to an under Butler for hys wages and dyete iii li. vis. viiid. Item one Cheyf Cooke for hys wages and dyete iiii li. xiiis. iiiid. Item oone Under Coke for hys wages and dyete iii li. vi s. viii d. Item for the provostes expences in receyvyng the Rentes and surveyeng the landes by yere x li. Item to a Cato^r to bye there dyetes for his wages and dyete and makynge hys bockes of reconyngs by the yere vi li. xiiis. iiiid.
[Fol. 31.]
xx Duresme M^lDCiiii viii^{li} xi^s viii^d. xx Porciones deductae M^lDiiii xiii^{li} xiii^s iiii^d. Reman' lxxxxiiii^{li} xviii^s iii^d.
[Fol. 32.]
A proporcion for mayntenance of Hospitalite Lernynge Dyvine Service Almes and other necessarie Expences in the Cathedrall Churche of Duresme to be erectyd foundyd and establysshed by the King's Majesties goodnes.
xx Sm^a M^lDCiiii viii^{li} xis. viii d.
HOSPITALITE.
The dean cclxiii li. x s.--Prebend' xxxii li. vi s. viii d. Corpus of the deane and prebendaries.
Fyrste for the Deane for the corpus of his promotion which he shall certaynlye receyve and accordinge wherunto he shall paye the tenthes and fyrst frutes xl li.
Item to twelve prebendaries iche of them for the corpus of his promotion viii^{li} which he shall receyve certaynly by yere and accordinge whereunto he shall paye the tenthes and fyrste xx fruytes iiii xvi li.
Sm^a cxxxvi^{li}
DISTRIBUTIONS.
| DCxxx li. xiii s. i d. | +---------------------^--+ Item to the deane for every daie of his residence to be payd by waie | of Cotidiane distribucion out of the common possession xii s. v d. | to be paid out of the same common possession which amountyth | in the yere ccxxvi li. xii s. i d. | | Item to eche prebendarye for every daie of his residence to be payd | by waie of Cotidiane distribucion out of the common possession | xvi^d ob. over and besydes iiii s. ix d. ob. to be payd to every | of the prebendaries out of the same common possession which | in the hole yere amountith to the twelve said prebendaries to | the Summe ccciiii li.-^
[Fol. 32 dors.]
LEARNINGE.
| ccxxx li. vi s. viii d. | +-------------------------+ | cciii^{li} xiii iiii. | +--------------------^--+ Item a reader in divinite for his yerely stypende to be paid of | the common possession xxvi li. xiii s. iiii d. | Item to twelve scolers to be found at the Universite off Oxforde | every of them ix li. xi s. viii d. by yere cxv li. | Item to xviii scolers to be taught Gramer Greke and Latyn | every of them iiii li. by yere lxxii li. | Item to a scolemaster for the same scolars x li. | Item to an ussher for them vi li. xiii s. iiii d.-^
DYVINE SERVICE.
| ccci^{li} | +--------^--+ Item to twelve petycanons eche of them x li. by yere for ther dyet | and wagys cxx li. | Item to tenne laymen syngars eche of them to have yerely for their | dyet and wagys vi li. xiii s. iiii d. lxvi li. xiii s. iiii d. | Item to tenne Choristers eche of them lxvi s. viii d. | xxiii li. vi. s. viii d. | Item for a master to the Children for his dyet and wagys x. li. | Item to a Gospeller and Epistoler eche of them vi li. xiiis. iiiid. | Item to twoo sextens xii li. | Item to a Cator vi li. xiii s. iiii d. | Item to twoo buttellers xii li. | Item to two Cookes xii li. | Item to thre other commen servaantes as portor and ryngars eche of | them v li. xv li.-^
[Fol. 33.]
ALMES.
Item to eyght poore men eche of them yerely vi li. xiii. s. iiii d. | liii li. vi s. viii d. | Item to be yerely distributed in almes to householders | xvi li. xiii s. iiii d. | Item to be yerely spente in mendynge of hyghways xx li.-^
EXPENCES NECESSARIE.
xx | ciiii iiii li. xv s. x d. | +-------------------------^-+ Item for yerely reparacions by Estymation. cxxxi li. viii s. v d. | Item in exspences yerely in surveynge the landes and receyvinge | the Rentes xx li. | Item in expences for wyne and wax xiii li. vi s. viii d. | Item to a Stewarde of landes for his fee x li. | Item to an Auditor x li.-+
xx xx Sum of the common M^lCCCiiii vi li. xiii s. xd. M^lCCCCiiiixvi^{li} xv d. Sum totall of all thies percels M^lDxxii^{li} xiii^s x^d.
Above which chargys the church indewyd with landes to susteyne the same muste pay yerely tenthes and a certayne summe by composition for the fyrste frutes deducted and abbayted. Cxxxvi li. payd by the deane and prebendaries severall. cxl li. to be allowyd by statute for almes. x li. for the stewarde allowyd by statute. x li. for the Auditors fee allowyd by statute. xx The hole sume of deductions CCiiii xvi li. And so remaynes chargeable with tenthes and fyrst frutes M^lCCxxvi li. xiii s. x d.
[Sidenote: ]
[Fol. 33. dors.] | ccxvi li. ix s. vi d. | +---------------------^-+ Whereof to be payd for the tenthes of the commen possession | cxliiii li. vi s. iiii d. | Item a yerely Rent to be payd by composition for the fyrste frutes | lxxii li. xii s. iid.-^
And so the Cathedrale Churche for mayntenance of the said yerely charges and paymente touchinge hospitalite lernynge divine service almes necessarie exspences tenthes and fyrst frutes after the Rates before mentionyd must yf the said shall lyke the Kings majestic be indewyd with yerely Revenues of the summe of M^lDCCxxxix^{li} xiii s. iiii d. MDCCxii li. x s.