CHAPTER XXVI
LIÉGE AND THE VALLEY OF THE MEUSE IN MODERN TIMES--BOUILLON
The territory which the Bishops had governed was now merged in four of the nine departments into which the National Convention divided the annexed Austrian Netherlands. The department of 'Forêts,' with Luxembourg for its capital, included the Ardennes. The western portion of the old diocese was sunk in 'Sambre et Meuse,' of which Namur was the chief town. 'Ourthe' was the name given to the district in which Liége was situated. To the east lay the department of 'Meuse Inférieure,' with Maestricht for its capital. Thus the old boundaries of the Principality were entirely obliterated. The Convention conferred the rights of French citizens on the people of these districts, and commissioners were sent from Paris to divide the country into cantons, and establish a new system of local administration on the French model.
The departments of Forêts, Sambre et Meuse, Ourthe, and Meuse Inférieure were in the same condition as the rest of Belgium during the closing years of the eighteenth century and down to the fall of Napoleon. After that they formed part of the 'Kingdom of the Netherlands,' under the House of Orange-Nassau, and were called the provinces of Luxembourg, Namur, Liége, and Limbourg.
When the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the chief constructive work accomplished by the Congress of Vienna, fell to pieces in 1830, the Liégeois went with the rest of Belgium in the revolution against William I. As soon as they heard of the insurrection at Brussels, the townsmen of Liége met, as of old, in the market-place, put on the national colours, and helped themselves to weapons from the armourers' shops. A company of 300 volunteers, with two pieces of cannon, marched across Brabant into Brussels, and took a prominent part in the street fighting, which ended in the retreat of the Dutch troops, and the triumph of the revolution which led to the separation of the Catholic Netherlands from Holland, and the election of Leopold I. as King of Belgium.
Long ago, in the days of Prince Maximilian of Bavaria, a fortress was built on the only bridge which at that time crossed the Meuse at Liége. This fortress, armed with cannon which could sweep both sides of the river, left only one narrow waterway, nicknamed 'The Dardanelles,' by which boats could pass up and down the stream. It has long since disappeared, and the present Pont des Arches now occupies the sight of the old bridge. The irregular outline of the houses on the bank of the Meuse, with their fronts of grey, white, and red, the church towers appearing over the roofs of the town behind, and the ridge of the citadel rising high in the background, are best seen from the Pont des Arches, from which the modern Rue Leopold leads straight into the very heart of Liége, to the place on which the Cathedral of St. Lambert stood. It is just a century since the last stones of the old church were carted away; and now the Place St. Lambert, like the Place Verte, which opens on it from the west, and the market-place, which is a few yards to the east, has a bright look of business and prosperity, with its shops and cafés.
The Episcopal Palace, now the Palais de Justice, the erection of which took thirty years during the commencement of the sixteenth century, has undergone many alterations since the days of Érard de la Marck. Two hundred years after it was finished a fire destroyed the original front, which had to be rebuilt, and the rest of the vast structure was restored in the nineteenth century. The primitive façade has been replaced by one moulded on severely classic lines; but the inner squares, with their picturesque cloisters, are strangely rich in types of every style, a medley of Gothic, Renaissance, Moorish, as if symbolic of the vicissitudes undergone by the Bishop-Princes who inhabited this immense building. Most of the grotesque carvings, the demons in stone, and the fantastic figures which surround these courts, were conceived by the luxuriant imagination of Francis Borset, a sculptor of Liége.
Close to the Episcopal Palace is the market-place, where so many of the scenes described in these pages took place, and where now stands the modern Perron, designed by Delcour at the end of the seventeenth century to replace the old column, at the foot of which the laws of the Principality, peace, or war used to be proclaimed. There is nothing about it to recall the history of the stormy times when Charles the Bold carried it off into Flanders; but the tradition of the ancient Perron still survives.
At Brussels, Ghent, Bruges, Louvain, the Hôtels de Ville retain their aspect of the Middle Ages, when they were the centres of that passionate civic life which throbs through all the history of the Netherlands. But the Hôtel de Ville of Liége is modern, of the eighteenth century. It would make a commodious private mansion, but has nothing in common with the architectural gems which adorn the great cities of Flanders and Brabant.
This lack of architectural distinction is characteristic of modern Liége. The hammers of the French Revolution, in destroying the Cathedral of St. Lambert, completed what the fires of Charles the Bold began, and of the really old Liége almost nothing remains. But the fiery spirit which once led to so many wars and revolutions now finds an outlet in useful work. The industrious character of the Walloons is perhaps most highly developed in other Walloon parts of Belgium--among the carpet factories of Tournai, the iron-works of Charleroi, the flax-works of Courtrai, and in the coal-mines of the Borinage, which blacken the landscape for miles round Mons. But the people of Liége have always been famous for their skill in working steel and iron. In the old days they forged the weapons of war which they used so often; and at the present time there are in the town many flourishing companies who turn out large quantities of guns, engines, and machinery, while up the Meuse there are coal-mines, furnaces, and factories, where the Walloons toil as laboriously as in Hainaut.
In the year after Waterloo William I. and John Cockerill, an Englishman, established iron-works at Seraing, within a few miles of Liége. In 1830, when the Kingdom of the Netherlands was broken up, Cockerill became owner of the business, which has grown since then, until it is now one of the largest iron manufactories in Europe, with some twelve thousand workmen constantly employed in its coal-mines and engine-works. The Palace at Seraing, from which Bishop Hoensbroeck was carried by the revolutionary mob to the Hôtel de Ville at Liége in the summer of 1789, is now the office of the well-known firm of John Cockerill and Company.
Beyond Seraing the Valley of the Meuse winds up through the centre of what was once the Principality of Liége, and at every turn there is something which recalls the olden time. The white Château of Aigremont, where the Wild Boar of Ardennes used to live, stands boldly on its hilltop on the left bank of the river. A little farther, and we come to the Condroz country, with its capital Ciney, notorious for the insane 'War of the Cow,' and Huy, with the grave of Peter the Hermit, and its long history of suffering. The whole valley is so peaceful now, full of quiet villages, gardens, hay-fields, and well-cultivated land, that it is difficult to realize that for centuries it was nothing but a battlefield, and that in these regions the people suffered almost as much from the depredations of their friends as from the enemy, even long after the barbarism of the Burgundian period was a thing of the past. 'We have,' says Field-Marshal de Merode, during the campaigns of Louis XIV., 'eighteen miserable regiments of infantry, and fourteen of cavalry and dragoons, who are just six thousand beggars or thieves, for they have neither money nor clothing, and live by plunder on the highways, stopping public and private coaches, robbing travellers, or, pistol in hand, demanding at least a _pour boire_. Nobody can go from one place to another without meeting them, which ruins business and the whole country.'
The situation of Namur, at the junction of the Sambre and the Meuse, made it a place of great importance in every war, not only in the Middle Ages, but also in later times. When the Grand Alliance was formed against France, it was in Brabant that the main body of the Allies gathered; but before long the tide of war rolled into the Valley of the Meuse. Liége was bombarded for five days by Marshal Boufflers, and the Bishop, from his place of refuge in the citadel, saw the Hôtel de Ville and half the town set on fire by the shells which flew over the river from the French batteries on the Chartreuse. As the struggle went on, Huy was destroyed by Marshal Villeroi, Namur fell into the hands of Louis XIV., and farther afield it seemed as if no city, however strong, could stand a siege against the genius of Vauban, while the victories at Steinkirk and Landen made the arms of France appear invincible. But at last, in 1695, came the siege and capture of Namur by William III. The taking of Namur was the turning-point of that war, and led to the Treaty of Ryswick, by which Spain recovered Luxembourg, and all the conquests which the King of France had made in the Netherlands.
Again, when the War of the Spanish Succession began, the English army, on its way to Germany, marched into the Principality of Liége, took the town and citadel of Liége, drove the French over the Meuse, and carried the war to Blenheim on the Danube. But though the first of Marlborough's chief victories was thus gained in Bavaria, the second of his four great battles was fought to obtain command of the way to Namur. Marshal Villeroi's object in giving battle at Ramillies was to protect that town, which he regarded as the key to the Valley of the Meuse; but fortune had deserted France, and the combat of May 23, 1706, decided the fate not only of the Principality of Liége, but of all Belgium, though the war continued through the carnage of Oudenarde and Malplaquet, till the Peace of Utrecht.
Even now the shadow of a possible war overhangs this part of Europe; and if those who think that, sooner or later, the neutrality of Belgium will be violated are right, it is very likely that the line of the Meuse, with its navigable stream, its railway, and its roads, so well adapted for military purposes, will be used. It is in view of this danger that the fortifications along the valley are maintained. Within a radius of six miles round Liége there are twelve forts. The citadel of Huy, planned by William I. soon after the campaign of Waterloo, was enlarged and made stronger so lately as 1892. Namur is surrounded by nine forts at a distance of about six miles from the town; and the citadel of Dinant forms an outpost to the south-west.
The last occasion on which any part of Belgium, so long the 'Cockpit of Europe,' had a glimpse of war was in the autumn of 1870. The battle of Sedan had been fought within a few miles from the southern slopes of the Ardennes, and during September 3 thousands of wounded men and prisoners from the beaten army were crowded in Bouillon, a little town which lies in the gorge of the Semois, just over the Belgian frontier.
This place was once the capital of a Duchy. On a lofty rock, almost surrounded by the dark, brown waters of the many-winding Semois, stands the ruined castle of the Dukes of Bouillon, a large pile of grey walls and towers, which gives some idea of the immense strength of the fortresses which, even in the remote forest-land of Ardennes, the feudal lords built for themselves. The age of this stronghold is unknown, but there seems reason to believe that a fort was erected on this rock by the Princes of Ardennes so early as the seventh century. In the eleventh century it was ceded to the Principality of Liége by the famous Crusader Godfrey of Bouillon; but this part of the Ardennes, on the borders of France and Luxembourg, was a kind of 'Debatable Land,' and there were frequent struggles for the Duchy between the Bishops of Liége and the family of de la Marck. The Wild Boar of Ardennes obtained possession of it, and his son usurped the title of Duke of Bouillon; but one of his descendants having incurred the wrath of Charles V., the castle was taken, the town sacked, and the Duchy restored to the Bishops of Liége. They retained it till it fell into the hands of Louis XIV., by whom it was given to the family of La Tour d'Auvergne, the representatives of the de la Marcks. It became a small Republic after the French Revolution, but was included in the Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1815 to 1830. Since then it has formed part of Belgian Luxembourg.
Bouillon, with its mountains and woods, and its romantic ruin, being one of the loveliest spots in the Ardennes, soon became a favourite place for holiday-makers, and had for many years a peaceful existence before the storm burst so near it in that eventful year 1870. 'I was there,' M. Camille Lemonnier says, 'in the midst of the _débâcle_, and, sick at heart, and in the horror of those days, wrote these words: "A furious coming and going filled the streets. We found the _Place_ crowded with townspeople, peasants, lancers, prisoners, and wounded men struggling among the horses' hoofs, the wheels of wagons, and the feet of the stretcher-bearers. A horrible noise rose in the darkness of the evening from this tumultuous crowd, who moved aimlessly about, with staring eyes, lost in agony, and scarcely knowing what they did. A stupor seemed to weigh on every brain; and all round, looking down on the seething mass, lights twinkled in the windows of the houses. Behind the white blinds of one house, the Hôtel de la Poste, at the corner to the left of the bridge, a restless shadow moved about all night long. It was the shadow of the last Bonaparte, watching, and a prisoner, while near him the frantic cries wrung by defeat from the wreckage of the French army died away in sobs and spasms."'
Next morning Napoleon III., who had spent the night in the Hôtel de la Poste, left with a guard of Prussian officers, climbed up the road, through the woods which lie between the valleys of the Semois and the Lesse, to Libramont, whence he journeyed by train to Wilhelmshoe.
Since then Bouillon has returned to the quiet times which preceded the Franco-German War; but that student of history must have a very dull imagination who does not find much to think of in this narrow valley, on the frontiers of Belgium and France, where the past and the present meet, the day when Duke Godfrey rode off to plant his standard on the walls of Jerusalem, and the day when his castle looked down on the humiliation of the ruler who began his reign by making war about the Holy Places of Palestine.
INDEX
Abbé de Mouzon, 341, 342, 343, 344
Abbey of the Dunes, 152-156; of Melrose, 153
Abbey of St. Bavon, 170, 171
Adinkerque, 141, 156
'Adoration of the Immaculate Lamb,' 61, 171
Aigremont, Castle of, 315, 368
Aix-la-Chapelle, churches of, enriched, 284; Peace of, 354
Albert, Archduke, 336, 337
Albert, Archduke, portrait at Furnes, 112; at the Battle of the Dunes, 119, 124, 126; marries the Infanta Isabella, 120; character of, 12, 122; wounded, 126
Albert de Cuyck made Bishop of Liége, 289; grants a charter to Liége, 290, 291, 296, 297
Albert de Louvain, 289
Albert, Prince, at Bruges, 72
Alexander, Emperor of Russia, 233
Allée Verte, 203
Alost, 175
Alpaïde, 281
Alva, 249, 250, 329
Amandus, St., 170
Amsterdam, 250
Anoona, Bishop of, 31
Anderlecht, 196
André, St., village of, 21
Androuins, M., 205
Ane Aveugle. Rue de l', 13, 15, 21
Angelo, Michael, 26
Anglaises, Couvent des Dames, 23
Anna Paulowna, Grand Duchess, 233, 234
Anna, wife of William the Silent, 257
Anseremme, 274
Antoine, Duke of Brabant, 187
Antwerp: in the sixteenth century, 244, 245; cathedral sacked, 247, 248; the Spanish Fury, 248, 249; besieged in 1585, 250 _et seq._; reformers at, 253; trade goes to Amsterdam, 250; fall of, 254; Napoleon at, in 1803, 264; Orange party in 1830, 265; bombarded in 1830, 265, 266; state of, in 1803, 243; surrendered by Carnot, 224; proposal to strengthen fortifications of, 268; Cathedral, 245, 266; Church of St. Michael, 266; Grande Place, 246, 249; Hôtel de Ville, 249, 251; Marché du Vendredi, 260, 261; Rue de la Bascule, 258; Rue du Couvent, 258; Place Verte, 260, 266; Place de Meir, 257, 259; Rue Rubens, 258; Rue Sale, 258; Rue de Tournai, 253; Statue of Rubens, 260; Vleechhuis, or Vieille Boucherie, 246; walls of, 245; Wappers, 258; Cathedral of, 25, 60, 96
Aquitaine, Duke of, 280
Archduke Maximilian, 167 Archdukes Albert and Isabella, 256, 258, 259
Ardennes, state of, in the feudal period, 285, 286
Arenberg, Duc d', 192, 221
Arenberg, family of, 314, 325
Arlon, 273
Arschot, Duc d', 123
Artevelde, Jacques van, 53, 111, 166, 169
Artevelde, Philip van, 59, 92
Artois, Comte d', 46, 47, 231
Auber, 238
Augustinian Nuns, 23
Austrian Netherlands restored to the Empress Maria Theresa, 354; annexed to France, 363
Baldwin, Bras-de-Fer, real founder of Bruges, 12; defends Flanders, 13; marries Judith, 12; builds Church of St. Donatian, 13, 165
Baldwin, King of Jerusalem, 29
Baldwin of Constantinople, 131
Baldwin VII., 16
Bannockburn, 46
Bardi, money-changers at Bruges, 58
Bassenge, Nicolas, 355, 357, 359, 360
Bassenge, Thomas, 360
Bassin de Commerce at Bruges, 50
Bastille, fall of, in 1789, 357
Battle of the Dunes, 119 _et seq._
Battle of the Golden Spurs, 39 _et seq._, 46
Beaufort, Jean de, 292
Beeckmann, William, 339, 340
Beggars, The, 190, 191
Béguinage at Bruges, 23; grove of, 7
Béguinage at Ghent, 169
Béhuchet, Nicholas, 55, 56, 64
Belfry of Bruges, 5, 6, 7, 9, 173; of Ghent, 173; of Brussels, 198
Belgian Parliament passes law for harbour near Heyst, 80
Berlaimont, 189, 190
Berlaimont, Comte Florent de, 123
Bernard, St., of Clairvaux, 28
Berri, Duc de, 231
Bertulf, Provost of St. Donatian, 17
Bexley, 155
Bicycles, import duty on, 85
'Bird of Honour,' 72, 73
Black Watch, 229
Blankenberghe, new harbour near, 80; English fleet at, in 1340, 54, 135, 136
Blenheim, 371
Blyde Incompste, 182
Bois-le-Duc, 177
Bombarda, Jean Paul, 202
Boniface VIII., 43
'Bonnes Villes' of Flanders, 174
Borluut, Madame, 227
Borset, Francis, 366
Borthwick, Colonel, 68
Boterbeke, 8, 9
Bouchoute, Hôtel de, 4
Bouillon, 287, 288, 372, 373, 374
Bouisies, Comte de, 227
Bourg, Place du, at Bruges, 13, 14, 15
Bourignon, Antoinette, 196
Brabant, Duke of, supports Simon de Limbourg, 289; joins in the War of the Cow, 292, 293; Joyeuse Entrée of, 291; revolution of, 356, 358
Brabant: present boundary, 175; frontiers in ancient times, 176; four chief towns of, 177; spirit of union, 181; Joyeuse Entrée, 182 _et seq._; States of, 185; Council of, 186; Dukes of, their tomb violated, 200, 201; Revolution of, 209 _et seq._
Brangwyn, William, 32
Brant, Jean, 258; Isabelle, 258
Bréderode, 190, 191, 329 Breidel, John, 39, 42, 44, 46
Breskens, 61
Brialmont, General, 228
Bristol, Earl of, at Bruges, 67
Brodhuis, the, 198, 207, 215
Bruges, 163, 164, 173, 174, 177, 189, 244
Bruges, described by John of Ypres, 8, 9; origin of name, 9; primitive township of, 10; boundaries in early times, 10; Market-Place, 4, 5, 39; Halles, 5; early trade, 10; the Loove at, 18; growth of, 16; capital of West Flanders, 12; Baldwin Bras-de-Fer its real founder, 12; Place du Bourg, 13; murder of Charles the Good, 16; Joanna of Navarre at, 40; death of Marie, wife of Maximilian, 26; Hôtel de Ville, 59; Customs House, 49; Oriental appearance in Middle Ages, 65; produce sent to, in Middle Ages, 57; Hanseatic League at, 58; Consulates at, 58; splendour of, in Middle Ages, 59, 60; under the House of Burgundy, 60; loss of trade, 60, 61; pauperism, 64; Charles II. at, 65 _et seq._; list of Charles II.'s household at, 67; death of Catherine of Braganza at, 23; fate of Church at French Revolution, 76; Napoleon at, 32; state of, since Revolution of 1830, 76; English Jesuits at, 75; Queen Victoria at, 72; relic of Holy Blood at, 28 _et seq._; Procession of the Holy Blood, 32 _et seq._; relic of the Holy Cross, 26; tournament at, 306; Charles the Bold buried at, 312
Bruges Matins, 15, 39
Brussels, contrast to Flemish towns, 175; in the Middle Ages, 177, 181; increase of wealth and luxury, 178; Wencelas at, 186; under the House of Burgundy, 187; during the reign of Charles V., 190; executions of Egmont and Horn, 170, 200; entry of the Infanta Isabella and Archduke Albert, 195; bombardment of 1695, 195 _et seq._; Charles of Lorraine at, 203 _et seq._; scene in the Grande Place in 1789, 215; entered by the Austrians in 1790, 218, by the allies in 1814, 223; Jacobin clubs, 221; Napoleon at, 222, 223; during the winter of 1814-15, 225; in June 1815, 228 _et seq._; Revolution of 1830, 238 _et seq._; Allée Verte, 203; Boulevard du Midi, 180, de Waterloo, 180; Brodhuis, 198, 208, 215; Burgundian Library, 188; Coudenberg, 177; Church of the Carmelites, 187, 198; Communal Museum, 200; Grande Place, 176, 198; Hôtel de France, 226; Hôtel de Ville, 59, 176, 188, 198, 207; La Chaussée, 191; l'Etoile, 199; le Cygne, 199; Manneken, 217, 222; Maison des Brasseurs, 199; Mint House, 202; Montagne de la Cour, 191, 197; Notre Dame de la Chapelle, 180; Notre Dame du Sablon, 180; Place de la Monnaie, 202, 224, 239; Porte de Louvain, 224; Porte de Hal, 180, 196; Porte de Laeken, 204; Porto de Namur, 196, 230; Rue de la Blanchisserie, 228; Rue des Fripiers, 224; Rue de la Montagne du Parc, 226; Rue de Namur, 229; Rue des Petits Cannes, 191; Rue Royale, 226, 240; Ste. Gudule, 180, 200, 201; St. Nicholas, 176, 198; Théatre de la Monnaie, 201, 206, 216, 223; Charles II. at, 71; Church of Ste. Gudule, 26
Burchard, 17, 18, 19 Burgundian Library, 188
Burgundy, Charles, Duke of, 26
Burgundy, House of, 95, 187, 189; in the fifteenth century, 296; hated by the Liégeois, 297
Burnet, Bishop, 70
Butler, Mr. J., 69, 70
Caen, 260
Caine, Mr. Hall, 135
'Cairless,' Mr., 67
Caisse de Religion, 211
Cambrai, 176
Camolet, Jean, 328
Campo Formio, 264
Capucins, Chapel of, at Furnes, 114
Carmelites, Church of, at Liége, sacked, 349
Carnot, 224, 265
Carthusian Monastery at Ghent, 167
Casa Negra, 77
Catalani, 231
Cathedral of Antwerp, 26
Cathedral of St. Martin at Ypres, 122
Cathedral of St. Sauveur at Bruges, 26, 33, 76
Catherine of Braganza, 23
Catholics unpopular at Liége, 336
Celestine III., 155
Chabot, 220
Chapel of the Capucins at Furnes, 114
Chapelle du Saint-Sang (St. Basil's) at Bruges, 28, 31, 33, 76
Charlemagne, 11, 281
Charleroi, 228, 232
Charles II. of England at Bruges, 65 _et seq._
Charles the Bald, 11
Charles the Bold, 26, 187, 188, 189; destroys Dinant, 301; becomes Duke of Burgundy, 301; enters Liége and issues a decree, 302, 303; marries Margaret of York, 306; imprisons Louis XI. at Peronne, 306; marches with Louis XI. to Liége and destroys the town, 307, 308, 309; his death, 311; burial at Nancy, 311; final burial at Bruges, 312
Charles the Good, 16-22
Charles IV. of Luxembourg, 182
Charles V., 121, 170, 172, 190, 245; is chosen Emperor, 326; takes Bouillon, 373
Charles VI., 100
Charles of Lorraine, 199, 203 _et seq._, 221
Charles X., 238
Charles, M., advocate, 221
Charlotte, Princess, 234
Charter of Albert de Cuyck, 296, 297
Chartreuse, at Liége, 316
Chassé, General, 265
Chateaubriand, 230, 231
Château des Comtes at Ghent, 166
Chatillon, Conference of, 264, 265
Châtillon, Jacques de, 42, 43, 44-47
Chaudfontaine, 282
Chemins-de-fer Vicinaux, 84
Chester, Baron de, 357
Chèvremont, 282
Chiroux and Grignoux factions, 340
Church of Jerusalem at Bruges, 26
Church of Notre Dame at Bruges, 76
Church of St. Donatian at Bruges, 76
Church of Ste. Walburge, 78, 110
Ciney, 292, 293, 295, 369
Cistercians, 154, 155
Citadel of Liége built, 351; taken by the English, 370
Clairvaux, 28
Clauwerts, 15, 40, 181
Clement V., 30
Clement VII., 93 Clermont, Count of, 288
Cloth Hall of Ghent, 173
Cockerill and Co., 368
Collège Philosophique, 236
Cologne, 66, 69, 257
Colonna, Jean Baptiste, 311
Comte de Charolais (Charles the Bold), 300
Comte de la Hanse, 58
Condroz, 292, 369
Conference of Chatillon, 264, 265; of London, 242, 268
Congress of Ghent, 170
Congress of Vienna, 101, 225, 242, 364
Coninck, Peter de, 39, 41, 42, 44, 46
Constitution of Belgium, 1831, 242
Consulate of France, 78; of Spain, 8; of Smyrna, 77
Convention (French), 219, 222, 263; of The Hague, 264
Coolkerke, 62
Cossacks in Brussels, 224
Coudenburg, 177, 188
Cour des Princes at Ghent, 167
Court of Peace, 287, _et seq._
Courtrai, 46, 84
Couvent des Dames Anglaises, 7, 23, 72
Coxyde, 152-154
Cranenberg, 4
Crecy, Battle of, 55
Creevy, Mr., at Brussels in 1815, 229
Cromwell, 66, 69, 74
Cumberland Hussars, 230
Customs House at Bruges, 49
Cuyck, Albert de, 289, 290, 291, 296, 297
Dalgetty, Dugald, 67
Dame de Bellem, 213
Damme, 10, 42, 43, 44, 49 _et seq._, 306; population of, 51; Röles de, 58; harbour blocked up, 61
Dampierre, Guy de, 40
Danton, 219
Dardanelles (at Liége), 365
David, Gerard, 60
Denderleeuw, 175
Dendre, the River, 175
Deprysenaere, Jean, of Ypres, 105
Desmoulins, Camille, 220
Diderot, 354
Diet of Frankfort (1519), 326
Diet of Worms (1495), 323
_Digues de mer_, construction of, 139, 140
Dinant, situation of, 274; people of, invade Namur and Luxembourg, 293; declares war against Namur, 300; destroyed by Charles the Bold, 301; citadel rebuilt, 327; now part of fortifications on the Meuse, 372
Donatian, Church of St., built by Baldwin Bras-de-Fer, 13; Bertulf, Provost of, 17; site of, 14; murder of Charles the Good in, 15; destroyed, 76
Don John of Austria, 66, 69
Dordrecht, 26, 27
Duinbergen, 54, 148, 149
Dumouriez, 220; welcomed at Liége, 359
Dunes, Battle of the, 119; scenery of, 157 _et seq._
Durancy, Mademoiselle, 205
Dyle, the River, 183
Dyver, the, at Bruges, 9, 10
Edward III., 53-55, 58; at Ghent, 166
Edward IV., 26
Egmont, Count, 98, 168, 170, 200
Elba, 224
Elias, sixth Abbot of Coxyde, 154
Enghien, 196
English competition with Flemish trade, 178; with German, 267
English Merchant Adventurers, 78
Erard de la Marck, 325 _et seq._ Erembalds, 16 _et seq._; feud with Straetens, 17; destruction of, 21
Ernest, Archduke, 193
Ernest of Bavaria, 331 _et seq._
Ethelbald, 12
Ethelwulf, husband of Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald, 12
Evendyck, 131
Everard de la Mark, 322, 323
Eyck, van, elder and younger, 14, 21, 60, 49, 129, 171
Ferdinand of Bavaria, 337, 339
Ferdinand of Spain, 190
Flanders, Count of, opposes Simon de Limbourg, 289; joins in the War of the Cow, 293
Flanders, state of, in early times, 7, 8; invaded by Normans, 11, 12; origin of title 'Count of,' 14; defended by Baldwin Bras-de-Fer, 13; allied to England, 54; neutrality of, in 1340 and 1830, 53; invaded by French, 59; plain of, 83 _et seq._; ignorance of country people in, 85; smuggling between France and, 87; annexed to France, 40, 100; invaded by English, 92; causes of disunion in, 106, 107; ceded to the Infanta Isabella, 120; contrast between different parts of, 129, 151; coast of, 129 _et seq._
Fléron, Théodore, 349
Fleurus, Battle of, 219, 220
Flotte, Pierre, Chancellor of France, 43, 47
Flushing, 61, 252, 255
Foréts, Department of, 363
Fox, Sir Stephen, 74
France, Flanders annexed to, 40, 100
France, Palais du, 7, 63
Franchimont, 315
Frankfort, Diet of (1519), 326
Frederic de Montigny, 320
Frederick III., 300
Frederick, Prince, attacks Brussels, 239 _et seq._
French Consulate at Bruges, 78
French literature studied at Liége, 354
French Revolution, 357
Freyr, 274
Furnes, 110-118; procession of penitents at, 113; Church of Ste. Walburge, 110; Hôtel de Ville and Palais de Justice, 110; Church of St. Nicholas, 110; Corps de Garde Espagnol and Pavillon des Officiers Espagnols, 112
Gambia, Lord, at Ghent, 167
Gand, Porte de, 15
Gardiner, Dr., quoted, 52
Gauthier de Sapignies, 45
Gembloux, 285
Genoese merchants, house of, at Bruges, 78
George III., 74
Germans at Antwerp, 267, 268
Germany, emigrations from Flanders to, 132
Ghent, 20, 42, 84; trade of, 163, 164; early history, 165; Edward III. and Queen Philippa at, 166; birth of John of Gaunt, 167; of Charles V., 166; fêtes at, 172; disaffection during reign of Charles the Bold, 189; Congress of, and Pacification, 168, 170, 171, 250; marriage of Mary of Burgundy, 167; Catalini, 231; Louis XVIII. in, 1815, 226, 227, 230, 231; Hôtel de Ville, 167, 168, 169; Roland, the bell of Ghent, 173; Rue des Champs, 227; Rue Haut-Port, 169; Abbey of St. Bavon, 170, 171; Béguinage, 169; Cathedral of St. Bavon, 171, 231; Church of St. Jacques, 169, of St. Michael, 169, of St. Nicholas, 169, of St. Pierre, 169; Marché du Vendredi, 169; Carthusian Monastery, 167; Cloth Hall, 173; picture of Mary of Burgundy, 168; Place Ste. Pharailde, 166
Ghiselhuis, 59
Gilliat-Smith, author of _The Story of Bruges_, 6
Gloucester, Henry, Duke of, 65 _et seq._
Godfrey of Bouillon, 372, 374
Godshuisen, 64
Golden Fleece, Order of the, 26
Golden Spurs, Battle of the, 16, 39
Golf in Belgium, 145-148
'Governor of the English Colony beyond the Seas,' 78
Grand Alliance, 370
Grande Dame of Béguinage, 24
Grande Salle des Échevins at Bruges, 39
Great storm of thirteenth century, 132
Grignoux and Chiroux factions, 340
Groisbeck, Gérard de, 329, 331
Gruthuise, 7, 27
Guerre de la Vache de Ciney, 292, 293
Guildhouse of St. Sebastian at Bruges, 7, 72
Gustavus Adolphus, 67
Guy de Dampierre, 40
Haccourt, 322
Haecke, Canon van, 30
Hague, The, Convention of, 1790, 218
Hainaut, Counts of, vassals of Liége, 285; Count of, opposes Simon de Limbourg, 289
Halle de Drapiers at Ypres, 103
Halle de Paris at Bruges, 78
Halles at Bruges, 5
Halloy, Jean de, 292
Hamilton, Sir James, 68
Hane-Steenhuyse, Comte d', 227, 230
Hannetaire, Monsieur d', 206
Hanseatic League, 58
Hapsburg, House of, 190
Hastière, 274, 329
Heinsberg, Jean de, 297
Henry II., Emperor, grants a charter to Liége, 284, 285
Henry IV., 289
Henry VIII., 171
Het Paradijs, 28
Heyst, 54, 80, 135, 136
Hobbema, 156
Hoensbroeck, César de, 355
Hogarth, 37
Holland, Béguinages in, 23
Holy Blood, relic and chapel of, at Bruges, 14, 28; Procession of the, 32
Holy Cross, Relic of, 26
Holy Sepulchre, Church of, at Jerusalem, 29
Hoogenblekker, 130
Horn, Count, 99, 168, 170, 200
Hôtel de Bouchoute at Bruges, 4
Hôtel de Ville at Bruges, 7, 14, 15, 59, 81; at Furnes, 112
Hougoumont, 232
House of the Seven Towers, 65, 66, 73
Hundred Days, 226-232
Huy, tournament at, 292; rebuilt, 327; taken by the Dutch, 336; destroyed by Villeroi, 370; citadel of, enlarged in 1892, 371
Hyde (Lord Clarendon), 67, 68, 71
Idesbaldus, St., 154
Immon of Chévremont, 282 _et seq._
Imperial Chamber, 323, 355, 356, 358
Inquisition in Flanders, 113
Inquisition at Liége, 328
Installation of the Bishops of Liége, 331 Isabella, daughter of Philip II., 195
Isabella, wife of Ferdinand of Spain, 190
Isabella, the Infanta, 99, 112, 122
Isabelle de Bourbon, 313
_Ivanhoe_, 296
Jacobins at Brussels, 219 _et seq._
Jacques de Horne, 320
Jacques de le Roy, 317
Jallet, 292
Jasper, La Ruelle's servant, 343, 344, 345
Jean III., Count of Louvain and Duke of Brabant, 182
Jean d'Arenberg, 317
Jean de Beaufort, 292
Jean de Horne, 318, 325
Jean de Ville, 305, 306, 308
Jean Sans Pitie, 297
Jean, son of Philip the Bold, 187
Jeanne, Duchess of Brabant, 182, 187, 198
Jemappes, 220, 359
Jerusalem, Baldwin, King of, 29
Jerusalem, Church of, at Bruges, 26
Jesse, _Memoirs of the Court of England_, 74
Jesuits at Bruges, 75
Jesuits, Rector of, at Liége, murdered, 349
Joanna of Navarre, 40
Joanna, wife of Philip the Fair, 190
John, King of England, 183
John of Bavaria, 297
John of Gaunt, 167
John of Ypres, 8, 9
Joseph II., 76, 100, 356; succeeds Maria Theresa, 208; his policy in the Austrian Netherlands, 209 _et seq._; demands opening of Scheldt, 262; his death, 218
Joseph of Arimathæa, 29
Jourdan, 219
Joyeuse Entrée of Brabant: origin, 182; variations of, 183; Mary of Burgundy's Joyeuse Entrée, 189; alleged infringement by Joseph II., 213; restored, 218
Judith, wife of Baldwin Bras-de-Fer, 12, 110
Juliers, Duke of, 333
Jupille, 280, 351
Justice, Palais du, at Bruges, 14; at Furnes, 15, 110
Kadzand, 57
Kermesse, 89, 90
King, Thomas Harper, 32
Kingdom of the Netherlands, 225, _et seq._, 364
Knights of the Golden Fleece, 26
Knocke, 54, 57, 138, 146, 147
Kuilemburg, Count, 191, 192
La Baule, Cardinal, 302
La Belle Alliance, 232, 233
La Cintray, 205
Lac d'Amour, 24, 25
Laeken, 223
Lamden, 370
Lamennais, 242
La Nogentelle, 205
La Panne, 135, 138, 141, 142
La Pinaud, 213, 222
La Roche, Count of, 288
La Ruelle, Burgomaster of Liége, 339; is murdered, 345, 346
La Tour d'Auvergne, 373
La Haye Sainte, 232
Le Coq, 135, 144-146
_Legend of Montrose_, 67
Legia, the, 279
Lejeusne, Mathurin, 114
Leliarts, 15, 40, 181
Lemonnier, M. Camille, 373
Leonius, 30
Leopold I., 72, 133, 364
Leopold II., 145
Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, 234, 242
Leroz, 355, 356 Lesse, the, 274
Libramont, 374
Liége, 176; boundaries of the principality, 273; early history, 279; churches of, enriched by plunder of Chèvremone, 284; Court of Peace, 287; charter of Albert de Cuyck, 288 _et seq._; sympathy with France in the fifteenth century; army of, defeated at Montenac, 300; rules imposed by Charles the Bold, 302; his oppressions, 303, 304; destroyed, 308, 309, 310; recovery of, 313; concessions granted by Mary of Burgundy, 313, 314; relations with Germany, 326; episcopal palace built, 327; objections to a Papal inquisition, 328; Spanish garrison at, 329; magistrates claim right to hold the keys, 330; they usurp the powers of the Bishop, 339; Chiroux and Grignoux factions, 340; mob take the episcopal palace, 350; a citadel built, 351; state of, from 1650 to 1688, 353, 354; study of French literature, 354; revolution of 1789, 357; taken by the French in 1792, 359; welcome to Dumouriez, 359; in favour of union with French Republic, 359; Mirabeau's visit, 359; Cathedral of St. Lambert destroyed, 360, 361; revolution of 1830, 364; Place Verte, 365; Place St. Lambert, 365; Rue Leopold, 365; Pont des Arches, 365; episcopal palace (Palais de Justice), 365, 366; Hôtel de Ville, 367; steel and iron works, 367, 368; bombarded by Marshal Boufflers, 370; taken by the English, 370; modern fortifications, 371
Lille, 227
Lilly the astrologer, 68
Limbourg, Simon de, 289
Lincoln, Bishop of, 31
Lombaerdzyde, 120, 124, 156, 177
Londonderry, 252
Longfellow, quoted, 5, 38, 58
Loove, the, at Bruges, 18
Louis de Bourbon becomes Bishop of Liége, 298, 299; lives at Brussels, 304; is surprised at Tongres by the Liégeois, 305; obtains concessions in favour of the town, 313; is murdered, 316
Louis of Maele, Count of Flanders, 59, 93, 95, 186, 188
Louis of Nassau, 342
Louis of Nevers, 53, 59
Louis XI., 189; encourages the Liégeois to revolt, 300; instigates Charles the Bold against Liége, 310; marches with him to Liége, 307; employs William de la Marck, 314
Louis XIII., 341
Louis XIV., 99, 197; takes Bouillon, 373
Louis XVIII., 226, 227, 230, 231
Louvain, 23; Albert de, 289; capital of old Brabant, 177; inauguration of Dukes of Brabant, 186 _et seq._; University, 211; Séminaire Générale, 211; Collège Philosophique, 236
Luxembourg, 99
Luxembourg, Count of, joins in the War of the Cow, 292, 293
Lyger, 152
Lys, the River, 165, 166
Maele, Louis of, 59, 93, 95
Maestricht, Abbey of, laid waste, 282; siege of, 330
Magna Charta, 183
Maison des Orientaux, 77
Malines, 284
Malmedy, 282 Malplaquet, 371
Mannaert, 114
Manneken of Brussels, 217, 222
Marat, 220
Marbriers, Quai des, 13
Marchand, M., 343, 349
Marché du Vendredi at Ghent, 169
Margaret of Parma, 191
Margaret of York, 312
Marguerite of Maele, 186, 187
Mariakerke, 134
Marianne, daughter of Dame de Bellem, 214
Maria Theresa, 100, 203, 208, 209, 218, 354
Marie Antoinette, 216
Marie of Burgundy, 312, 313
Marie Louise, Empress, 222, 223
Marie, wife of Charles of Lorraine, 203
Mark of Baden, 300
Market-Place of Bruges, 3, 4, 5, 9, 39, 41
Marlborough, 371
Martel, Charles, 280, 281
Mary of Burgundy, daughter of Charles the Bold, 167, 168, 189, 190
Mary, 'The Gentle,' 26
Matins of Bruges, 15, 39
Maurice, Elector, 257
Maurice of Nassau, 119, 124, 126
Mauritshuis at The Hague, 157
Maximilian, Archduke, 4, 60
Maximilian, Archduke (afterwards Emperor), 318, 321, 322, 326
Maximilian, Henry, Bishop of Liége, 353 _et seq._
Maximilian, husband of Mary of Burgundy, 167, 190
Mazarin, 66
Méan, Comte de, 359
Melrose Abbey, 153
Memlinc, 7, 60, 78
Merode, Field-Marshal de, 369
Meuninxhove, John van, 73
Meurs, William de, 336
Meuse Inférieure, 363
Michael Angelo, 26
Middelkerke, 134, 135
Minnewater, 24, 25
Mirabeau at Liége, 359, 360
Miracles wrought by the Holy Blood at Bruges, 31
Mons, 196
Monthermé, 274
Mont St. Jean, 232
Morgarten, 47
Mother Superior of Béguinage, 24
Mourentorff, Jean, 261
Muette de Portici, performance of, 238
Münster, Treaty of, 256, 262, 263
Murray, Sir Robert, 67
Musée Plantin-Moretus, 262
Namur, 196; situation of, 274; taken by Louis XIV., 370; by William III., 370; strategic importance of, 369, 370, 371; fortifications round, 371
Nancy, 189; Battle of, 311
Napoleon: at Antwerp, 243, 264; on the importance of Antwerp, 264, 265; at Brussels, 222, 223; departure to Elba, 224; lands in France, 225; at Charleroi, 228; reported victory of, on June 17, 1815, 231; at Bruges, 32; return from Elba, 101; canal to Sluis constructed by, 50
Napoleon III. at Bouillon in 1870, 374
Navarre, Joanna of, 40
Neutrality of Flanders in 1340 and 1830, 53
Nevers, Louis of, 53, 59
Nicholas I., Pope, 12
Nicholas, Sir Edward, 67
Nieuport, 119-128; origin of, 131; besieged by Prince Maurice, 124; fallen state of, 127 Nieuport-Bains, 128, 129, 135, 141
'Nieuwerck,' at Ypres, 103
Nimeguen, Treaty of, 99
Nivelles, 123
Noé, Michael, 72
Normans in Flanders, 11
Norwich, Earl of, 67, 68
Notger, Bishop, 282 _et seq._
Notre Dame, choir of, at Bruges, 312
Notre Dame, Church of, at Bruges, 7, 25, 76
Notre Dame de Lombaerdzyde, 156
Notre Dame de Thuine, 96
Oldenburgh, Grand Duchess of, 234
'Old England,' at Bruges, 78
Oosterlingen Plaats, 67
Oostkerke, 51
Orange, William of, King of the Netherlands, 225, 233, 235 _et seq._
Orange, William of (the Silent), 192
Orange, Prince of, 225, 233, 234, 235
Orientaux, Maison des, 77; Place des, 77
Ormonde, 67, 71
Osburga, 12
Ostend, canal from Ghent to, 164
Ostend, growth of, 126, 133, 135, 136
Othée, Battle of, 297
Otho the Great, 282, 284
Otlet, M. Paul, 136 _note_
Oudenarde, 371
Ouden Burg, 7
Ourthe, 363
Pacification of Ghent, 168, 170, 250, 329
Palais de Justice, at Bruges, 14, 15, 18; at Furnes, 110
Palais de Justice at Liége, 327, 365, 366
Palais du Franc, 63
Paradijs, Het, 28
Parijssche Halle, 78
Paris, 141
Paris, Capitulation of, 1814, 224; Revolution of July, 1830, 238
Parma, Duke of, in Flanders, 97
Parma, Prince of, 250, 252, 253, 256
Pauperism of Bruges, 64
Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 354
Peace of Utrecht, 371
Pepin d'Herstal, 280, 281
Peronne, Louis XI. at, 306, 307
Perron of Liége, 300, 303, 304, 314, 366
Pesche, Baron de, 341
Peter the Hermit, 369
Philip de Croy, Prince of Chimay, 333
Philip of Alsace, 165
Philip II., 190, 195, 253, 261, 329; cedes Spanish Netherlands to his daughter, 120
Philip III., 120
Philip of Valois, 53, 56
Philip the Bold, 187
Philip the Fair, 39, 40, 42, 43, 46, 190
Philip the Good, 187, 188, 297, 298
Philip the Hardy, 293
Philippa, Queen, at Ghent, 166
Pitt, William, policy in the Netherlands, 263
Place des Orientaux, 77
Place du Bourg, 13, 14, 15
Plantin, Christopher, 260 _et seq._
Polyglot Bible, 261
Pont des Arches, 365
Pont des Dunes, 155
Pope Clement V., 30; VII., 93; Boniface VIII., 43; Celestine III., 155; Urban VI., 93
Poperinghe, 104
Porte de Damme, 44, 50
Porte de Gand, 15 Porte Ste. Croix, 44, 45
Principality of Liége, boundaries, 273; state of, under Burgundy, 276; relations with Germany, 326; during the sixteenth century, 327; refuses to join the United Netherlands, 329; neutrality proclaimed, 330; proposal for union with Brabant, 356; Austrian army enters, 358; annexed to the French Republic, 359, 360; boundaries obliterated, 363; included in the kingdom of the Netherlands, 364
Procession of the Holy Blood at Bruges, 32 _et seq._; of Penitents, at Furnes, 114
Prud'homme d'Aillay, Marquis, 215
Pruyssenaere, Peter, 72
Quai Espagnol, 77; Long, 49; des Marbriers, 13, 63, 65; du Miroir, 49; de la Potterie, 49, 50, 155; du Rosaire, 9, 49; Spinola, 49, 78; Vert, 63, 114
'Quarantaines,' 286
Quatre Bras, 229, 232
_Quentin Durward_, 296
Ramillies, 371
Ramsonnet, M., 356
Rastadt, Treaty of, 100
Redouté, Paul, 356
Réglement de Maximilien de Bavière, 353
René, Duke of Lorraine, 311
Rheims, 289
Richard I., 154
Richmond, Duke and Duchess of, 228
Robinson, Mr. Wilfrid, author of _Bruges, an Historical Sketch_, 6
Rochester, Earl of, 67
Rodenbach, 79
Rognon, M., 207
Roland, the bell of Ghent, 173
Röles de Damme, 58
Rome, flight of Baldwin and Judith to, 12
Roosebeke, Battle of, 59, 92
Rosaire, Quai du, 9
Roulers, 92
Route Royale, 141
Roya, 8, 9, 10, 13, 49, 50
Rubens, Joannes, 256, 257, 261
Rubens, Peter Paul, 256 _et seq._
Rue Anglaise, in Bruges, 78; de l'Ane Aveugle, 13, 15, 21; des Carmes, 72; Cour de Gand, 77; Espagnole, 76; Flamande, 78; Haute, 65; Neuve, 10; du Vieux Bourg, 7, 9, 10, 66
Runnymede, 183
Ruysdael, 156
Ryswick, Treaty of, 370
Saizan, Baron de, 343, 344, 348
Sambre et Meuse, 363
Santhoven, 131
Sart, Comte de, 207
Scarphout, 132
Scheldt, the River, 243, 244, 245, 249, 251, 253, 255, 256, 262, 263, 265, 267, 268
'Schielt ende Vriendt,' 45
Schomberg, 99
Schönfeldt, General, 217
Schoutteeten, 26, 27
'Scotland,' at Bruges, 78
Scottish merchants at Bruges, 78
Scott, Sir Walter, 67, 296
Sedan, 372
See-Brugge, 80
Semois, 273, 274, 372
Senlis, 12
Senne, the River, 176, 181
Seraing, 358, 368
Sheppey, Isle of, 154
Sidney, Sir Philip, 255
Simon de Limbourg, 289
Sluis, 44, 51, 57, 59, 61, 306
Smet de Naeyer, Comte, 138
Smith, Gilliat-, 5, 6, 21, 22 Smyrna, Consulate of, at Bruges, 77
Société Deleau, 355
Société d'Emulation, 354, 359
Soignies, forest of, 176, 229
Spa, gaming tables at, 355, 356
Spaniards, at Bruges, 77; at Furnes, 112, 113
Spanish Fury of Antwerp, 248, 250, 257
Spanish Inquisition, 113
Spencer, Henry, Bishop of Norwich, 92
St. André, Village of, 21
Stavelot, 282
St. Bartholomew's Day, 250
St. Basil, Church of, 28, 76
St. Bavon, 60
St. Bernard of Clairvaux, 28, 155
St. Donatian, Church of, 76
Ste. Elizabeth, Church of, 7, 25
Ste. Gudule, Church of, 26
Steinkirk, 370
Ste. Monica, Church of, 23
Ste. Walburge, Church of, at Bruges, 78; at Furnes, 110, 154
St. George, Society of, 71, 72
St. Hubert, 280, 281; town and abbey of, 281, 285, 329
St. Idesbaldus, 154
St. Jean de l'Atre, 311
St. John, Hospital of, 7
St. Lambert, 280; Cathedral of, 279, 360, 361, 365
St. Martin, Church of, at Furnes, 96
St. Monulphe, 279
St. Nicholas, Church of, at Furnes, 110
St. Omer, Jesuits of, 75
St. Peter's, at Ghent, 20
Straetens, 17, 18
St. Sauveur, Church of, 7, 22, 26, 33, 76
St. Sebastian, altar of, at Nancy, 312
St. Sebastian, Society of, at Bruges, 71, 72, 74; at Ypres, 92
St. Trond, 329
Stübben, Herr, 148
Swift, Dean, 37
Sybilla, wife of Thierry d'Alsace, 29
Sydenham, Colonel, 67
Syria, 26
_Tales of a Grandfather_, 296
Tarah, Viscount, 66
Tariff question in Belgium, 1829, 237
Terbanck, Monastery of, 184
Tercelain, family name of Plantin, 260
'Ter Streep,' 130
Tervueren, 205, 208, 234
Théâtre de la Monnaie, 201, 203, 223
Thierry d'Alsace, 28 _et seq._, 131
'Thuindag,' 96
Thurloe State Papers, 67
Titelman the Inquisitor, 112
Tongres, 284
Torquemada, 113
Tournai, 84, 176, 327, 328, 367
Tours, Battle of, 281
'Tower of London,' at Bruges, 78
Tragedy of the Passion, 201
Trauttmansdorff, 215
Treaty of Campo Formio, 264; of Münster of Utrecht, 262, 263
Treaty of Ryswick, 370
Trève de Dieu, 287
Trèves, 358
Tribunal de Paix, 287, 288, 291
Tricaria, Bishop of, 304
Truchses, Gérard, 255, 335
Turner, Sir James, 67, 70
Turnhout, 176
Twelve Years' Truce, 256, 337
Urban VI., 93
Ursol, Duc d', 221
Utrecht, Peace of, 371; Treaty of, 262, 263 Valois, Philip of, 56
Van der Noot, 214 _et seq._, 222
Van Eyck, 14, 21, 49, 60, 129
Vanity Fair, 228
Vauban, 370; fortifies Ypres, 91, 99, 100
Verdun, Henri de, 287
Verhaeren, M., Belgian poet, 144
Victoria, Queen, at Bruges, 72
Vienna, Congress of, 101, 225
Vieux Bourg, Rue du, 7, 9, 10
Villeroi, attacks Brussels, 196 _et seq._
Virgin and Child, Statue of, at Bruges, 26
Voltaire, 354
Vonck, 217, 218
Walburge, Ste., Church of, at Bruges, 78; at Furnes, 110, 154
Walcheren, 61
Walcheren Expedition, 264
Walloons, industrious character of, 275, 367
Warfusée, Count of, 342, 343 _et seq._
War of the Cow, 292, 293, 295, 369
War of the Spanish Succession, 370
Waterloo, 231, 232; Battle of, 32, 101
Waulsort, 274
Weavers, Guild of, 41
Wellington, Duke of, 226, 228, 232, 234
Wencelas, 182, 186
Wenduyne, 131, 135
Westcapelle, 51
Westende, village, 120, 124; Plage, 138, 139, 141, 142-144
Weyden, Roger van der, 188
Wild Boar of Ardennes, 313-321, 373
Wilhelmshöhe, 374
William, Bishop of Ancona, 31
William III., 196, 207
William of Orange, 329
Worms, Diet of (1495), 323
Wounded Eagle Monument at Waterloo, 232
York, Duke of, at Bruges, 66 _et seq._
Ypres, 91-107; field preaching near, 97; churches sacked, 97; taken by Parma, 97; by the Protestants, 97; Place du Musée, 98; besieged by Louis XIV., 99; fortified by Vauban, 91, 99-101; ceded to France, 99; described by Vauban in 1689, 100; taken by the French in 1794, 100; during the Hundred Days, 101; end of military history, 101; Grand Place and Cloth Hall, 102; monopoly of weaving linen, 104; manages with Bruges the Hanseatic League in Flanders, 104; the Nieuwerck, 103; riots at, 105, 106; siege of, by English, 92 _et seq._; John of Ypres describes early Bruges, 8, 9
Ypres, 173, 175, 177, 244
Yser, 119, 120
Zoutman, Lambert, 361
Zutphen, Battle of, 255
Zuyder Zee, 132
Zwijn, 10, 52, 54, 55, 61
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Transcriber's note:
Every effort has been made to produce this eBook as close to the original as possible.
The positions of the illustrations have been adjusted slightly so that they do not appear in the middle of lines of text.
Footnotes have been given numbers and appear at the end of each chapter.