Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Milan, 1475-1497

Intellectual and artistic revival in Lombardy--Lodovico and his secretaries--Building of the new University of Pavia--Reforms and extension of the University--The library of the...

Arrival of the Duke of Orleans at Asti--The Neapolitan fleet sent against Genoa--The forces of Naples repulsed at Rapallo--Charles VIII. at Asti--Beatrice d'Este entertains him...

Lodovico Sforza--Known as Il Moro--His birth and childhood--Murder of Duke Galeazzo Maria--Regency of Duchess Bona--Exile of the Sforza brothers--Lodovico at Pisa--His invasion...

Return of Beatrice to Milan--Visit of Duke Ercole and Alfonso to Pavia --Death of Duchess Leonora--Beatrice's _camora_ and Niccolo da Correggio's _fantasia dei vinci_--Marriage...

City and University of Pavia--Duomo and Castello--The library of the Castello--Wedding of Lodovico Sforza, Duke of Bari, and Beatrice d'Este, in the chapel of the Castello of Pa...

Treaty of Blois--Alliance between France, Venice, and the Borgias--Lodovico appeals to Maximilian--His gift to Leonardo and letter to the Certosini--The French and the Venetians...

The Marquis of Mantua dismissed by the Venetians--He incurs Duke Lodovico's displeasure by his intrigues--Isabella d'Este's correspondence with the Duke of Milan--Leonardo in th...

The Milanese exiles at Innsbrück--Galeazzo di Sanseverino becomes Grand Ecuyer of France--Is slain at Pavia--Maximilian Sforza made Duke of Milan in 1512--Forced to abdicate by...

Grief of the Duke of Milan--His letters to Mantua and Pavia--Interview with Costabili--Funeral of Duchess Beatrice--Mourning of her husband--Letters of the Emperor Maximilian an...

Louis XII. in Milan--Hatred of the French rule--Return of Duke Lodovico --His march to Como and triumphal entry into Milan--Trivulzio and the French retire to Mortara--Surrender...

Beatrice d'Este as a patron of learning and poetry--Vincenzo Calmeta, her secretary--Serafino d'Aquila--Rivalry of Lombard and Tuscan poets --Gaspare Visconti's works--Poetic jo...

Beatrice Duchess of Bari--Her popularity at the court of Milan--Giangaleazzo and Isabella of Aragon--Lodovico's first impressions--His growing affection for his wife--His letter...

Isabella of Aragon and Beatrice d'Este--Ambrogio Borgognone and Giovanni Antonio Amadeo--Cristoforo Romano and his works at Pavia and Cremona--The Certosa of Pavia--Illness of B...

Wars of Venice and Ferrara--Invasion of Ferrara--Lodovico Sforza and Alfonso of Calabria come to the help of Ercole d'Este--Peace of Bagnolo --Prosperity of Ferrara, and cultiva...

Claims of Charles VIII. to Naples--Of the Duke of Orleans to Milan-- Intrigues of the Venetian Senate, of Pope Innocent VIII., and of Ferrante and Alfonso of Naples--Visit of th...

Lodovico joins Charles VIII. at Sarzana--Suspicious rumours as to the late duke's death--Piero de' Medici surrenders the six fortresses of Tuscany to Charles VIII.--Lodovico ret...

Visit of Duke Ercole to Milan, and of Isabella d'Este--Election of Pope Alexander VI.--Bribery of the Cardinals--Influence of Ascanio Sforza over the new Pope, and satisfaction...

Proclamation of the new league against France at Venice--Charles VIII. at Naples--Demoralization of the victors--Charles leaves Naples and returns to Rome--The Duke of Orleans r...

Relations between Lodovico and Beatrice--Cecilia Gallerani--Birth of her son Cesare--Her marriage to Count Bergamini--Beatrice at Villa Nova and Vigevano--The Sforzesca and Peco...

The war of Pisa--Venice defends the liberties of Pisa against Florence --Lodovico invites Maximilian to enter Italy and succour the Pisans--The Duke and Duchess of Milan go to m...

_Fêtes_ at Venice in honour of the Duchess of Ferrara and Duchess of Bari--Beatrice d'Este has an audience with the Doge and Signory--Explains Lodovico's position and his treati...

State of political affairs in Italy--Vacillating policy of Lodovico Sforza--Death of King Ferrante of Naples--Alliance between his successor Alfonso and Pope Alexander VI.--Lodo...

Isabella d'Este--Lodovico Sforza delays his wedding--Plot against his life--Submission of Genoa--Duke Gian Galeazzo--The Sanseverini brothers --Messer Galeazzo made Captain-Gene...

Ferrante II. recovers Naples--Siege of Novara by the army of the league --Review of the army by the Duke and Duchess of Milan--Charles VIII. visits Turin and comes to Vercelli--...

The Castello of Ferrara--The House of Este--Accession of Duke Ercole I.--His marriage to Leonora of Aragon--Birth of Isabella and Beatrice d'Este--Plot of Niccolo d'Este--Visit...

Visit of Beatrice and her mother to Venice--Letters of Lodovico to his wife--Reception of the duchesses by the Doge at S. Clemente--Their triumphal entry--Procession and _fêtes_...

Marriage of Isabella d'Este--Lodovico puts off his wedding--Cecilia Gallerani--Her portrait by Leonardo da Vinci--Mission of Galeazzo Visconti to Ferrara--Preparations for Beatr...

Isabella d'Este joins her husband in Naples--Works of Bramante and Leonardo in the Castello of Milan--The Cenacolo--Lodovico sends for Perugino--His passion for Lucrezia Crivell...

Birth of Beatrice's first-born son--The Duchess of Ferrara at Milan--_Fêtes_ and rejoicings at court and in the Castello--The court moves to Vigevano--Beatrice's wardrobe--Her s...

Lodovico's ambitious designs--Isabella of Aragon appeals to her father--Breach between Naples and Milan--Alliance between the Pope, Venice, and Milan proclaimed--Mission of Eras...

Visit of Isabella d'Este to Milan--Birth of Beatrice's son, Francesco Sforza--_Fêtes_ and comedies at the Milanese court--Works of Leonardo and of Lorenzo di Pavia--Mission of C...

Lodovico Sforza enters Lyons as a captive--His imprisonment at Pierre-Encise and Lys Saint-Georges--Laments over Il Moro in the popular poetry of France and Italy--Efforts of th...

The Milanese exiles at Innsbrück--Galeazzo di Sanseverino becomes Grand Ecuyer of France--Is slain at Pavia--Maximilian Sforza made Duke of Milan in 1512--Forced to abdicate by...

Lodovico joins Charles VIII. at Sarzana--Suspicious rumours as to the late duke's death--Piero de' Medici surrenders the six fortresses of Tuscany to Charles VIII.--Lodovico ret...

Louis XII. in Milan--Hatred of the French rule--Return of Duke Lodovico--His march to Como and triumphal entry into Milan--Trivulzio and the French retire to Mortara--Surrender...

Proclamation of the new league against France at Venice--Charles VIII. at Naples--Demoralization of the victors--Charles leaves Naples and returns to Rome--The Duke of Orleans r...

Claims of Charles VIII. to Naples--Of the Duke of Orleans to Milan --Intrigues of the Venetian Senate, of Pope Innocent VIII., and of Ferrante and Alfonso of Naples--Visit of th...

Treaty of Blois--Alliance between France, Venice, and the Borgias-- Lodovico appeals to Maximilian--His gift to Leonardo and letter to the Certosa--The French and the Venetians...

Lodovico Sforza enters Lyons as a captive--His imprisonment at Pierre-Encise and Lys Saint-Georges--Laments over Il Moro in the popular poetry of France and Italy--Efforts of th...

State of political affairs in Italy--Vacillating policy of Lodovico Sforza--Death of King Ferrante of Naples--Alliance between his successor Alfonso and Pope Alexander VI.--Lodo...

Arrival of the Duke of Orleans at Asti--The Neapolitan fleet sent against Genoa--The forces of Naples repulsed at Rapallo--Charles VIII. at Asti--Beatrice d'Este entertains him...

_Fêtes_ at Venice in honour of the Duchess of Ferrara and Duchess of Bari--Beatrice d'Este has an audience with the doge and Signory-- Explains Lodovico's position and his treat...

Return of Beatrice to Milan--Visit of Duke Ercole and Alfonso to Pavia--Death of Duchess Leonora--Beatrice's _camora_ and Niccolo da Correggio's _fantasia dei vinci_--Marriage o...

Ferrante II. recovers Naples--Siege of Novara by the army of the League--Review of the army by the Duke and Duchess of Milan--Charles VIII. visits Turin and comes to Vercelli--N...

Visit of Duke Ercole to Milan, and of Isabella d'Este--Election of Pope Alexander VI.--Bribery of the Cardinals--Influence of Ascanio Sforza over the new Pope, and satisfaction...

Wars of Venice and Ferrara--Invasion of Ferrara--Lodovico Sforza and Alfonso of Calabria come to the help of Ercole d'Este--Peace of Bagnolo--Prosperity of Ferrara, and cultivat...

Visit of Isabella d'Este to Milan--Birth of Beatrice's son, Francesco Sforza--_Fêtes_ and comedies at the Milanese Court--Works of Leonardo and of Lorenzo di Pavia--Mission of C...

The Marquis of Mantua dismissed by the Venetians--He incurs Duke Lodovico's displeasure by his intrigues--Isabella d'Este's correspondence with the Duke of Milan--Leonardo in th...

City and University of Pavia--Duomo and Castello--The library of the Castello--Wedding of Lodovico Sforza, Duke of Bari, and Beatrice d'Este, in the chapel of the Castello of Pa...

Lodovico's ambitious designs--Isabella of Aragon appeals to her father--Breach between Naples and Milan--Alliance between the Pope, Venice, and Milan proclaimed--Mission of Eras...

The Castello of Ferrara--The House of Este--Accession of Duke Ercole I.--His marriage to Leonora of Aragon--Birth of Isabella and Beatrice d'Este--Plot of Niccolo d'Este--Visit...

Intellectual and artistic revival in Lombardy--Lodovico and his secretaries--Building of the new University of Pavia--Reforms and extension of the University--The library of the...

The war of Pisa--Venice defends the liberties of Pisa against Florence--Lodovico invites Maximilian to enter Italy and succour the Pisans--The Duke and Duchess of Milan go to me...

Isabella d'Este joins her husband in Naples--Works of Bramante and Leonardo in the Castello of Milan--The Cenacolo--Lodovico sends for Perugino--His passion for Lucrezia Crivell...

Visit of Beatrice and her mother to Venice--Letters of Lodovico to his wife--Reception of the duchesses by the doge at S. Clemente-- Their triumphal entry--Procession and _fêtes...

Isabella d'Este--Lodovico Sforza delays his wedding--Plot against his life--Submission of Genoa--Duke Gian Galeazzo--The Sanseverini brothers--Messer Galeazzo made Captain-Gener...

Grief of the Duke of Milan--His letters to Mantua and Pavia-- Interview with Costabili--Funeral of Duchess Beatrice--Mourning of her husband--Letters of the Emperor Maximilian a...

Beatrice d'Este as a patron of learning and poetry--Vincenzo Calmeta, her secretary--Serafino d'Aquila--Rivalry of Lombard and Tuscan poets--Gaspare Visconti's works--Poetic jou...

Isabella of Aragon and Beatrice d'Este--Ambrogio Borgognone and Giovanni Antonio Amadeo--Cristoforo Romano and his works at Pavia and Cremona--The Certosa of Pavia--Illness of B...

Birth of Beatrice's first-born son--The Duchess of Ferrara at Milan --_Fêtes_ and rejoicings at court and in the Castello--The court moves to Vigevano--Beatrice's wardrobe--Her...

Marriage of Isabella d'Este--Lodovico puts off his wedding--Cecilia Gallerani--Her portrait by Leonardo da Vinci--Mission of Galeazzo Visconti to Ferrara--Preparations for Beatr...

Beatrice Duchess of Bari--Her popularity at the court of Milan-- Giangaleazzo and Isabella of Aragon--Lodovico's first impressions-- His growing affection for his wife--His lett...

Lodovico Sforza--Known as Il Moro--His birth and childhood--Murder of Duke Galeazzo Maria--Regency of Duchess Bona--Exile of the Sforza brothers--Lodovico at Pisa--His invasion...

Relations between Lodovico and Beatrice--Cecilia Gallerani--Birth of her son Cesare--Her marriage to Count Bergamini--Beatrice at Villa Nova and Vigevano--The Sforzesca and Peco...