Part 10

Animals, carnivorous and herbivorous, varying immunity to loco disease, 23 domestic, barium poisoning, effects, 72 experiments with barium salts in laboratory, 57-62 farm, barium poisoning, effects, 72 locoed, autopsies, 18-19, 24, 26, 30, 34, 36-43, 45 clinical symptoms, 12-16 pathological conditions as described on the range, 18-19 poisoned by barium, autopsies, 57-61, 64, 67, 73, 74 young, susceptibility to loco poisoning, 15

Antelopes, susceptibility to loco disease, 12

Antidote to loco poison, theoretical, 71-72

Aragallus lamberti, ash determination, 54 barium determination, 54, 56 extracts, uses in laboratory experiments, feeding animals, 20, 23-25, 37, 42, 44-49, 66-68, 70 properties, investigations, 20-21, 23-25, 32 spicatus, study and experiments, 33 spp., cause of loco disease, 10, 20-34 uses, medicinal and toxic properties, 35

Arsenic poisoning, references, 49

Ash determinations of loco plants, 54-55 extract from loco plants, experiments, 48-52 loco plants, barium determinations, 55-57 importance of analysis, 76

Astragalus bigelowii, extract, fatal to rabbit, 38 bisulcatus, extract fatal to rabbit, 38 decumbens, extracts, feeding experiments with rabbits, 70

Astragalus exscapus, barium reported by C. Sprengel, 53 hornii, poisonous properties, study, 19 lentiginosus, poisonous properties, study, 19 menziesii, stock poisoning, 20 missouriensis, ash content and barium determination, 56 extracts, feeding experiments with rabbits, 68-69 mollissimus, distillate, composition, 26 extracts, experiments in feeding animals, 22, 23-25, 27-33, 36-49, 70 investigations, experiments, and analyses, 21-34 physiological action, 22, 24-25 mortoni, a deadly sheep poison, 20 nitidus extracts, feeding experiments with rabbits, 38, 69 spp., cause of loco disease, 10, 19-34 total ash determinations, 54-55 uses, medicinal and toxic properties, 35 varieties containing no barium, 57

Australia, disease similar to loco poison, description, 16-18

Autopsies on animals after barium poisoning, 57-61, 67, 73, 74 loco poisoning, 18-19, 24, 26, 30, 34, 36-43, 45

Bachem, C., reference to work, 50

Bailey, F. M., reference to work, 17

Barium acetate, feeding experiments on animals in laboratory, 57-62 action on farm and domestic animals, 72-74 carbonate, feeding experiments on animals in laboratory, 61, 62 rats, 71 hypodermic injection, cats, fatal results, 62 chlorid, effects on human beings, 63-65 feeding experiments with animals in laboratory, 60-62 use in veterinary therapeutics, dangers, 72-73 content of rocks in Rocky Mountains, 54 determination in ash of loco plants, 54, 55-57 discovery in loco plants, feeding experiments, 5 feeding experiments with range cattle, desirability, 71 harmful when in soluble form, 76 in brine, poisoning stock, 73 well water in England, 57 insoluble after drying loco plants, extraction with digestive ferments, 76 nitrate, feeding experiments on animals in laboratory, results, 61, 62 phosphate, analysis by Bureau of Chemistry, 69 poisoning, experimental, pathological lesions, 65 horses, sheep, and pigs, 73, 74 man, symptoms, results, 62-65 presence in certain vegetable substances, 53 salts, feeding experiments on animals in laboratory, 57-62 toxicity of different solutions, 64 relation of altitude, climate, and varying combinations, 65 use in medicine, 62-65, 72-73 sulphate, nontoxic on account of insolubility, 53

Barrows, D. P., reference to work, 35

Bary, A., references to work, 53, 59, 60

Baum, reference to work, 64

Beech, barium present, 53

Beer, Mexico, use of "crazy weed", 20

Bellisari, G., reference to work, 64

Beryllium chlorid, effect on rabbits, 50

Binet, P., reference to work, 59

Birch, barium present, 53

Birdsall, W. R., experiments with Aragallus lamberti, 20

Blankinship, J. W., references to work, 11, 34

Blood, clots on brain, 18, 26, 37, 42, 65

Boehm, R., reference to work, 58

Böhm, C. R., reference to work, 50

Bray, W. C., reference to work, 53

Brewer, W. H., reference to work, 20

Brine, barium content, producing acute poisoning in stock, 73

Brodie, B. C., reference to work, 61

Brunton, T. L., reference to work, 72

Burgassi, G., reference to work, 52

Cæsium chlorid, experiments on rabbits, 51 occurrence in plants, toxicity, 51

Calcium acetate, experiments on rabbits, 52 carbonate, antidotal to barium, 71 experiments on rabbits, 52 occurrence in loco plants, 25, 27

Cambier, J., experiments with loco plants, 26-28

Canada, disease caused by eating ragwort, 17 freedom from loco disease, 9

Cannabis sativa, supposed cause of locoed conditions in Mexico, 10

Caprioides aureum, supposed cause of loco disease, 10

Carpenter, J. S., references to work, 63, 64

Cash, J. T., reference to work, 72

Cats, barium injection experiments, 62 loco-plant experiments, 22, 24, 30 _See also_ Kittens.

Cattle, barium feeding experiments under range conditions, desirability, 71 daily ration of green fodder, toxic effects of loco plants, 74 loco poisoning, notes, 12, 19, 20, 22, 28 locoed, flesh harmless, 65 poisoned with barium chlorid, flesh harmless, 65 range, barium feeding experiments, desirability, 71 susceptibility to loco disease, 12

Cerium chlorid, experiments on rabbits, 50

Chemical experiments with loco plants, 46-57

Chemicals in aqueous solution, effects on rabbits, 50-52

Chemistry, Bureau, ash and barium determinations, loco plants, 54, 56

Chesnut, V. K., references to work, 10, 11, 33

Chevallier, A., reference to work, 64

Christison, R., references to work, 62, 63

Coffee substitute, use of seeds of Astragalus boeticus, 35

Collier, Peter, study of loco plants, 21

Colorado, loco disease experiments, results, 5 loss of stock from loco disease, 1898, 9

Constipation, treatment of animals with barium, danger, 73

Cotyledon ventricosa, cause of nenta, a goat disease, 17

Courtin, reference to work, 64

Cows, abortion caused by loco poisoning, 13 autopsies after loco poisoning, 18 locoed, symptoms, 25 susceptibility to loco disease, 12

Crawford, Albert C., loco investigations, reference to published paper, 75

Crazy weed. _See_ Loco plants.

Crotalaria sagittalis, cause of loco disease, chemical study, 10, 26-27 experiments with horses, 26-27

Curtice, C., reference to work, 31

Cyon, M., reference to work, 59

Cyprus, loco disease of cattle, sheep, and goats, 22

Darling pea, effects on horses and sheep in Australia, 16 feeding sheep, effects similar to loco poisoning, 16-17

Day, M. G., experiments with Astragalus mollissimus and Aragallus lamberti, 15, 23-26

Delphinium spp., supposed cause of loco disease, 10

Demoussy, E., reference to work, 53

Didymium chlorid, experiments on rabbits, 51

Dieckerhoff, W., references to work, 72, 74

Digestion of loco plants, experiments, 66, 67, 68, 70

Diuretic, use of Astragalus glycophyllus, 35

Dogs, barium feeding experiments, results, 62 poisoning, subcutaneous injection, 74 loco-plant feeding experiments, 22, 23, 30, 53

Donkeys, susceptibility to loco disease, 12

Dworzak, H., reference to work, 53

Dyrenforth, reference to work, 54

Eastwood, A., references to work, 10, 12

Eckard, G. E., reference to work, 53

Ehrhardt, J., reference to work, 73

Emory, W. H., reference to work, 19

Eschricht, reference to work, 64

Experiments, laboratory, with barium salts, 57-62 loco plants, 36-56, 66-71 loco poisoning and barium feeding, results, 5

Extracts of loco plants, digestion with pepsin and pancreatin, experiments, 66-68 testing, importance, 76 use in laboratory experiments, varying toxicity, 36-49, 66-71

Falk, reference to work, 74

Faust, E. S., reference to work, 31

Faville, reference to work, 18

Felletar, E., reference to work, 62

Ferguson, J. C., reference to work, 63

Filippi, E., reference to work, 62

Fletcher, J., reference to work, 10

Fleurot, reference to work, 35

Folin, O., reference to work, 56

Food, use of loco plants, 35, 74

Forage, use of Astragalus nuttallianus and A. crassicarpus, 35

Forchhammer, J. G., reference to work, 53

Foster, F. B., reference to work, 26

Frankforter, G. B., reference to work, 35

Fraps, G. S., reference to work, 72

Fresenius, C. G., reference to work, 72

Fritillaria pudica, supposed cause of loco disease, 10

Frogs, loco-plant experiments, 17, 22, 24 poisoning, 17, 24

Fröhlich, A., reference to work, 65

Fröhner, E., reference to work, 73

Fuchs, C. J., references to work, 65, 74

Funaro, A., reference to work, 64

Garbanzillo, Spanish name for Astragalus mollissimus, derivation, 11

Gibbons, H., reference to work, 21

Givens, A. J., references to work, 10, 35

Glands, swelling, in locoed animals, note, 63 result of use of barium on human beings, 63

Glover, R. M., reference to work, 61

Goat disease, South Africa, note, 17

Goats, loco poisoning, 22 susceptibility to loco disease, 12

Gordon, P. R., reference to work, 17

Grass staggers, Texas loco disease, symptoms, description, 11

Greshoff, M., reference to work, 35

Guinea pig, autopsy after loco poisoning, 43 pigs, loco-plant feeding experiments, 32, 43

Guthrie, F. B., reference to work, 17

Hairs on plants cause of loco disease, suggestion, 22, 28

Hallucinations caused by loco poison, 13

Hare, H. A., reference to work, 63

Harkins, W. D., reference to work, 49

Hayes, M. H., description of Texas grass staggers, 11

Hefftner, A., reference to work, 58

Heilborn, F., reference to work, 59

Hill, J. R., reference to work, 22

Hillebrand, method of determination of barium in ash of loco plants, 56 statement as to barium content of rocks in Rocky Mountains, 54

Hoffmann, F., reference to work, 26

Hogs, susceptibility to loco disease, 12

Holmes, E. M., reference to work, 35

Hornberger, R., reference to work, 53

Horses, autopsies after barium poisoning, 73 loco poisoning, 18, 26 barium poisoning, 73 disease caused by feeding on Darling pea (Swainsona galegifolia), 16 loco-plant experiments, 33 loco poisoning, notes, 16, 19, 20, 26 locoed, symptoms, 13 susceptibility to loco disease, 12

Hough, W., reference to work, 35

Howard, C. D., reference to work, 73

Hugo, Colo., soils, analysis for traces of barium, 57

Hunt, Reid, study of and experiments with loco plants, 33-34

Hurd, H. M., reference to work, 35

Husemann, T., reference to work, 62

Hydrocyanic acid, presence in loco plants, suggestion, 29

Indigo disease, similarity to loco disease, 16-17

Ingersoll, study of loco disease, 30

Injections, subcutaneous, experiments with barium salts, 62, 73, 74 loco extracts, 43

Insanity, treatment, use of Astragalus mollissimus, 35

"Insect Life," reference to work, 31

Intoxication caused by loco plants, 13, 16, 21, 22

Jaksch, J. v., references to work, 51, 62

Janvier, reference to work, 11

Kabitz, H., reference to work, 74

Kansas, loss of stock from loco disease in 1883, 9

Kellogg, A., reference to work, 19

Kelsey, F. D., reference to work, 10

Kennedy, H., reference to work, 63

Kennedy, J., experiments with loco-weed extracts, 23, 26

Kingsley, B. F., reference to work, 12

Kissner, G., reference to work, 61

Kittens, loco-plant experiments, and autopsies, 24-28 _See also_ Cats.

Kleuch, J. P., reference to work, 19

Knop, W., reference to work, 53

Knowles, M. E., references to work, 13, 14

Kobert, R., references to work, 33, 54

Laband, L., reference to work, 51

Laboratory experiments with loco plants, 36-57

Lagarde, P., reference to work, 64

Lambs, experiments in feeding loco plants, symptoms and autopsies, 31, 45, 46

Lane, C. B., reference to work, 74

Lanthanum chlorid, experiments on rabbits, 50

Lathyrism, symptoms, resemblance to loco poisoning, 15

Leucocrinum montanum, supposed cause of loco disease, 10

Lewin, L., references to work, 65, 72

Lewis, Doctor, experiments with loco plants on rabbits, 30

Linossier, G., reference to work, 74

Lisfranc, reference to work, 64

Lloyd, J. W., study of loco poison, 31, 32

Loco-acid, body supposed to be in loco plants, 30 disease, attributed to hairs on plants, 22, 28 worms, 31, 34 experiments, Colorado, results, 5 symptoms, descriptions, 11, 12-16, 17, 24, 26, 28, 29, 33, 36-44 eating habit, description, 14, 15 intoxication, 13, 16, 21, 22 investigations from a pharmacological standpoint, historical sketch, 19-34 plants, ash determinations, 54-55 ashed, aqueous extracts, effect, 48-52 barium determinations, 55-57 eaten with large amounts of other food presumably not dangerous, 71 effects on human beings, 15, 20, 22, 35 extracts, digestion with pepsin and pancreatin, experiments, 66-68 extracts, variations in toxicity, 66-71 use in laboratory experiments, varying toxicity, 36-52, 66-71 list, 10 poison, varying in carnivorous and herbivorous animals, 23 with season, variety, and origin, 25, 48 uses as food, forage, medicine, etc., 35 without barium not poisonous, 68-71 _See also_ Loco weeds. poison, attempts to isolate the active principle, 47 poisoning, laboratory study, results, 5-6 symptoms, 11, 12-16, 17, 24, 26, 28, 29, 33, 36-44 reproduction in rabbits, 29, 33, 36-44, 75 theoretical antidote, 71-72

Locoed animals, clinical symptoms, 12-16 pathological conditions as described on the range, 18-19 derivation of term, 9

Locoin, experiments by Ruedi, 30

Loco-weed disease, geographical distribution, 9 family, notes on use of various members, 35 _See also_ Loco plants.

Lopes, A., reference to work, 64

Lotus americanus, supposed cause of loco disease, 10

Lüdeking, C., reference to work, 72

Lutterkorth, H., reference to work, 53

McCullaugh, F. A., references to work, 12, 13, 15, 19