Part 4

Horseback riding is very popular over the 50-mile network of trails. A saddle-horse concession is operated from April into October. Although the majority of riders take horses for the day only, overnight trips into the back country can be arranged.

_Establishment and Administration_

Adolph Bandelier, a Swiss-American historian and ethnologist, gave the first prominence to the Pajarito Plateau ruins as a result of his explorations and descriptions during the 1880’s. Around the turn of the century a bill was introduced in Congress to create here a Cliff Cities National Park, it being apparent that some protection of the area was necessary to reduce the vandalism of the ruins. The bill, however, failed to pass. Presently, attention was again drawn to the area by the archeological work in Frijoles Canyon from 1909 to 1912, directed by the late Dr. Edgar L. Hewett. The renewed interest resulted in a proposal by the Secretary of Agriculture, in 1915, that a national monument be created. The Smithsonian Institution strongly supported this idea and recommended the name Bandelier in honor of the pioneer student of the region. The Secretary of Interior concurred, and as a result, on February 11, 1916, Bandelier National Monument was established by Presidential proclamation.

From 1916 until 1932, the monument was administered by the Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. In 1952, the area was transferred to the National Park Service of the United States Department of the Interior, with a small adjustment of boundaries. The total area is now slightly over 27,000 acres. Since 1932, a National Park Service superintendent has been resident at monument headquarters in Frijoles Canyon. The monument has a small complement of rangers and fire guards for protection of the ruins, the wildlife, and the forests; in the summer, several temporary rangers are employed to aid in archeological interpretation.

Requests for further information should be addressed to the Superintendent, Bandelier National Monument, Santa Fe, N. Mex.

_Related Areas_

A number of other southwestern areas in the National Park System have been established for the protection of prehistoric structures. These include Mesa Verde National Park, in southwestern Colorado, and the following national monuments: Aztec Ruins, Chaco Canyon, and Gila Cliff Dwellings, in New Mexico; Canyon de Chelly, Casa Grande, Montezuma Castle, Navajo, Tonto, Tuzigoot, Walnut Canyon, and Wupatki, in Arizona.

_Glossary of Spanish and Indian Words_

Caldera (cahl-DEHR-ah) Spanish Caldron—a volcano that has collapsed upon itself Canada (cahn-YAH-dah) Spanish Wide shallow canyon Chaco (CHAH-coh) Unknown A canyon in northwestern New Mexico Cochiti (COH-chee-tee) Indian A pueblo south of Bandelier Frijoles (free-HOH-less) Spanish Beans Hopi (HOH-pee) Indian A pueblo Indian tribe Jemez (HAY-mess) Indian A mountain range west of Bandelier and an Indian pueblo Kiva (KEE-vah) Indian Ceremonial chamber or room Mano (MAH-noh) Spanish Hand Mesa (MAY-sah) Spanish Table; hence, a tableland Metate (Meh-TAH-teh) Spanish A large grinding stone from Aztec Otowi (OH-toh-wee) Indian A ruin in Bandelier Pajarito (PAH-hah-REE-toh) Spanish Little bird. The plateau between Jemez Mountains and the Rio Grande Pueblo (Pooh-EB-loh) Spanish Village or people Rio, Rito (REE-oh) Spanish River, creek (REE-toh) San (San Spanish A pueblo near Bandelier Ildefonso ILL-de-FON-soh) San Juan (san WHAHN) Spanish A river and a pueblo Tyuonyi (tchew-OWN-yee) Indian A ruin in Frijoles Canyon Valle (VAH-yeh Spanish Great Valley Grande GRAHN-deh) Viga (VEE-gah) Spanish Roofbeam

_Suggestions for Further Reading_

Bandelier, Adolph F. _The Delight Makers._ Dodd, Mead and Co., New York City. Bolton, Herbert E. _Coronado, Knight of Pueblos and Plains._ Whittlesey House and the University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, N. Mex. Butcher, Devereux. _Exploring Our Prehistoric Indian Ruins._ National Parks Association, Washington, D. C. Dutton, Bertha P. _New Mexico Indians Pocket Handbook._ New Mexico Association on Indian Affairs, Santa Fe, N. Mex. Hewett, Edgar L. _The Pajarito Plateau and its Ancient People._ University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, N. Mex. McGregor, John C. _Southwestern Archaeology._ John Wiley and Son, New York City. Stallings, W. S. _Dating Prehistoric Ruins by Tree Rings._ Tree Ring Society, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz. Tilden, Freeman. _The National Parks: What They Mean To You and Me._ Alfred Knopf, New York City. Underhill, Ruth. _First Penthouse Dwellers of America._ Laboratory of Anthropology, Santa Fe, N. Mex. Wormington, H. M. _Prehistoric Indians of the Southwest._ Denver Museum of Natural History, Denver, Colo.

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE HISTORICAL HANDBOOK SERIES

(Price lists of National Park Service publications may be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D.C.)

Antietam Bandelier Chalmette Chickamauga and Chattanooga Battlefields Custer Battlefield Custis-Lee Mansion, the Robert E. Lee Memorial Fort Laramie Fort McHenry Fort Necessity Fort Pulaski Fort Raleigh Fort Sumter George Washington Birthplace Gettysburg Guilford Courthouse Hopewell Village Independence Jamestown, Virginia Kings Mountain The Lincoln Museum and the House Where Lincoln Died Manassas (Bull Run) Montezuma Castle Morristown, a Military Capital of the Revolution Ocmulgee Petersburg Battlefields Saratoga Scotts Bluff Shiloh Statue of Liberty Vanderbilt Mansion Vicksburg Yorktown

Transcriber’s Notes

—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.

—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.