CHAPTER VIII

Methods of Cylinder Construction--Block Castings--Influence on Crank-Shaft Design--Combustion Chamber Design--Bore and Stroke Ratio--Meaning of Piston Speed--Advantage of Off-Set Cylinders-- Valve Location of Vital Import--Valve Installation Practice--Valve Design and Construction--Valve Operation--Methods of Driving Cam-Shaft--Valve Springs--Valve Timing--Blowing Back--Lead Given Exhaust Valve--Exhaust Closing, Inlet Opening--Closing the Inlet Valve--Time of Ignition--How an Engine is Timed--Gnome "Monosoupape" Valve Timing--Springless Valves--Four Valves per Cylinder 233-286