CHAPTER XXXVI

AFTERWORD: AUDUBON'S FAMILY IN AMERICA

Bachman completes his text on the _Quadrupeds_—Victor Audubon's success in canvassing—John Woodhouse Audubon's family—New houses at "Minnie's Land"—Second octavo edition of the _Birds_—Victor Audubon's illness and death—Attempt to reissue _The Birds of America_ in America—The residual stock of this imperfect edition—Death of John Woodhouse Audubon—His career and work as an artist and field collector—Mrs. Audubon resumes her old vocation—Fate of "Minnie's Land"—Death of Mrs. Audubon—Her share in her husband's fame—Story written on Audubon's original drawings—Fate of the original copper plates of the _Birds_—A boy comes to the rescue—"Minnie's Land" today—The "Cave"—A real "Audubon Park" 291

APPENDIX I

ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS

1. Copy of the original bill rendered by Doctor Sanson, physician at Les Cayes, Santo Domingo, to Jean Audubon, containing the only existing record of the birth of his son, Jean Jacques Fougère Audubon, on April 26, 1785; Les Cayes, December 29, 1783-October 19, 1785 314

1a. Translation of the Sanson Bill 315

2. Copy of the Act of Adoption of Fougère (John James Audubon) and Muguet (Rosa Audubon), Nantes, March 7, 1794 328

3. Copy of the Act of Baptism of Jean Jacques Fougère Audubon, Nantes, October 23, 1800 329

4. Copy of a bill of sale of Negroes rendered by Monsieur Ollivier to Monsieur Audubon, Les Cayes, Santo Domingo, 1785 330

5. Statement of Accounts of Messrs. Audubon, Lacroix, Formon & Jacques in the purchase of Negroes from M. Th. Johnston, Les Cayes, Santo Domingo, 1785 331

6. Copy of bill of sale of Negroes to Monsieur Audubon, and a Statement of his account with Messrs. Lucas Brothers & Constant, Les Cayes, Santo Domingo, August 7, 1785-June 9, 1788 334

7. Accounts of William Bakewell of "Fatland Ford" as protégé of his future son-in-law, and as attorney or agent for Audubon & Rozier, giving certain exact indications of the naturalist's early movements and personal relations, before and after finally leaving "Mill Grove," January 4, 1805-April 9, 1810 336

8. Concerning a Power of Attorney issued by Lieutenant Audubon and Anne Moynet Audubon to Ferdinand Rozier and John Audubon, the Younger, at Couëron, France, in 1805; parts in French translated by a Philadelphia notary; signatures of original document authenticated by the Mayor of Couëron, October 21, 1805; his attest of the legality of Anne Moynet Audubon's signature at Couëron, October 27, 1805; authentication of the signature of the Mayor of Couëron by the Subprefect of Savenay, November 27, 1805; attest of the Subprefect's signature by the Prefect 340

9. Articles of Association of Jean Audubon and Ferdinand Rozier to govern their partnership in business; drawn up at Nantes, March 23, 1806 344

9a. Translation of the Articles of Association of Jean Audubon and Ferdinand Rozier 346

10. Power of Attorney issued by Lieutenant Jean Audubon, Anne Moynet Audubon and Claude François Rozier, to their respective sons, Jean Audubon and Ferdinand Rozier, at Nantes, France, April 4, 1806, eight days before the latter embarked to America to enter upon their partnership in business 350

10a. Translation of the Power of Attorney issued by Jean Audubon, Anne Moynet Audubon, and Claude François Rozier to Jean Audubon and Ferdinand Rozier, April 4, 1806 351

11. Account current of John Audubon and Ferdinand Rozier with the estate of Benjamin Bakewell, late commission merchant in New York, showing their dealings and standing with this house during the first sixteen months of their business experience in the West. Covers the period August 1, 1807, to December 13, 1808 354

11a. Final Account of Francis Dacosta, rendered July 25, 1807, to Lieutenant Jean Audubon, his partner in the unfortunate mining enterprise at "Mill Grove"; later contested and settled by arbitration 356

12. Quit Claim or Release given by John James Audubon to Ferdinand Rozier on the Dissolution of their Partnership in Business, at Sainte Geneviève, Upper Louisiana (Missouri), April 6, 1811 359

13. Copy of a portion of the first Will of Lieutenant Jean Audubon, Couëron, May 20, 1812 360

14. Copy of the second and last Will of Lieutenant Jean Audubon, March 15, 1816 361

15. Copy of a portion of the first Will of Madame Anne Moynet, wife of Lieutenant Audubon, December 4, 1814 363

16. Copy of a portion of the second Will of Madame Jean Audubon, May 10, 1816 364

17. Copy of the third Will, "No. 169, of Madame Anne Moynet, widow of M. Jean Audubon, living at his house called "La Gerbetière," and situated near the village of Port-Launay, not far from Couëron," December 26, 1819 366

18. Copy of a portion of the fourth and last will of Madame Jean Audubon, living at the house of "The Turtle Doves" ("Les Tourterelles"), at Couëron, July 16, 1821 367

19. Notice of the death of Lieutenant Jean Audubon, from the official registry of Nantes, Nantes, February 19, 1818 369

20. Letter of Lieutenant Jean Audubon to Francis Dacosta, his American agent and attorney, relating to the conduct of his son, and to the lead mine at "Mill Grove" farm, transliterated from photographic copy of duplicate (Letter No. 4) in Jean Audubon's letter-book. Nantes, March 10, 1805 370

21. Letters of John James Audubon to Claude François Rozier, father, and to Ferdinand Rozier, son, immediately preceding and following his active partnership in business with the latter, 1807 and 1812 372

APPENDIX II

AUDUBON'S EARLY DATED DRAWINGS MADE IN FRANCE AND AMERICA

Drawings now in the collections of Mr. Joseph Y. Jeanes of Philadelphia, and formerly belonging to Mr. Edward Harris, of Moorestown, New Jersey; of Mr. John E. Thayer, Lancaster, Massachusetts, and of Harvard University 375

APPENDIX III

"THE BIRDS OF AMERICA"

1. Final Lists of Subscribers to _The Birds of America_, folio edition, as published by Audubon in 1839 380

2. Prospectus of _The Birds of America_, as issued in 1828, when ten Numbers of the original folio were engraved 386

3. Prospectus of the Second (partial) Edition of _The Birds of America_, issued by John Woodhouse Audubon, through Messrs. Trubner & Company, London, 1859 389

APPENDIX IV

Authentic Likenesses of Jean Jacques Fougère Audubon 392

APPENDIX V

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Containing a fully annotated list of Audubon's writings, biographies, criticism, and Auduboniana 401

INDEX 457

ILLUSTRATIONS IN VOLUME II

Audubon. After a portrait by George P. A. Healy, 1838. Photogravure _Frontispiece_

PAGE

"Beechgrove," William Garrett Johnson's plantation house near St. Francisville, West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, where Mrs. Audubon lived and taught from 1827 to 1829 _Facing_ 6

John Bachman's house in Charleston, South Carolina _Facing_ 6

Early drawing in water color of the Carolina Parrot on branch of the hickory, 1811, hitherto unpublished _Facing_ 20

John Bachman at thirty-two. After an engraving by Charles C. Wright of a portrait by A. Fisher _Facing_ 32

Robert Havell at eighty-five. After a photograph taken shortly before his death in 1878 _Facing_ 32

Letter of Dr. George Parkman to Audubon, May 25, 1833 43

Pileated Woodpeckers on the "Raccoon Grape," _The Birds of America_, Plate CXI. After the original engraving by Robert Havell, 1831. Color _Facing_ 46

Letter of Robert Havell to Audubon, June 15, 1833 51

John George Children _Facing_ 64

Edward Harris _Facing_ 64

John Bachman _Facing_ 72

George Ord _Facing_ 72

Samuel Latham Mitchell _Facing_ 72

Charles Waterton _Facing_ 72

Dr. Thomas Cooper, President of South Carolina College. After a contemporary silhouette 78

Vindication of Audubon's representation of the fangs of the southern rattlesnake as recurved at their tips. Detail from _The Birds of America_, Plate XXI, and photograph of the skull of a recent Florida specimen _Facing_ 80

Bluebirds on a stalk of the "great Mullein," _The Birds of America_, Plate CXIII. After the original engraving by Robert Havell, 1831. Color _Facing_ 100

William Swainson _Facing_ 118

Thomas Nuttall _Facing_ 118

Charles Lucien Bonaparte _Facing_ 118

Constantine Samuel Rafinesque _Facing_ 118

Audubon. After an engraving by H. B. Hall of a portrait painted by Henry Inman in 1833 _Facing_ 126

Letter of William MacGillivray to Audubon, October 22, 1834 _Facing_ 131

Part of the original draft of Audubon's manuscript for the Introduction to Volume II of the _Ornithological Biography_, giving list of names of persons to whom Audubon carried credentials on his first visit to London in 1827 _Facing_ 133

Audubon's inscription in a copy of the _Ornithological Biography_, which he presented to William MacGillivray in 1839 _Facing_ 138

Early drawings of American birds, 1807-12, hitherto unpublished: the Whippoorwill and the American Robin, with details _Facing_ 144

Bust of Audubon by William Couper, in front and profile views. After the original in the American Museum of Natural History, New York _Facing_ 160

Life mask of Audubon, hitherto unpublished, in front and profile views. After the original made by Robert Havell in London, now in possession of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy of Harvard University _Facing_ 178

Canvas-backed Ducks, with distant view of the city of Baltimore, Maryland, _The Birds of America_, Plate CCCI. After the original engraving by Robert Havell, 1836. Color _Facing_ 196

Victor Gifford Audubon _Facing_ 210

John Woodhouse Audubon _Facing_ 210

Title page of the paper covers in which parts of the first American (octavo) edition of _The Birds of America_ were originally issued 213

Audubon. After a portrait painted by John Woodhouse and Victor Gifford Audubon about 1841 _Facing_ 226

"Minnie's Land," Audubon's home on the Hudson River, as it appeared in 1865. After a lithograph in Valentine's _Manual_ _Facing_ 236

"Minnie's Land," as it appears to-day from the river front protected by the retaining wall of Riverside Drive _Facing_ 236

Audubon, with gun, horse, and dog. After a painting by John Woodhouse Audubon about 1841 _Facing_ 244

Letter of Edward Harris to Audubon, January 31, 1843 251

Drawings for _The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America_: the American or Canada porcupine and rabbits. After the originals in water color in the American Museum of Natural History, New York _Facing_ 264

Title page of Volume I of the English edition of the text of _The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America_ 275

John W. Audubon's inscription in a copy of Volume I of the text of the _Quadrupeds_ (English edition), presented to John Edward Gray 280

Audubon. After an engraving by Nordheim of a daguerreotype possibly earlier than 1849 _Facing_ 280

Audubon. After his last portrait, a daguerreotype made in New York about 1850 _Facing_ 280

Letter of John Bachman to George Oates, November 7, 1846 282

Audubon's last (?) letter to Edward Harris, February 22, 1847 287

House formerly belonging to Victor Gifford Audubon, east front, as it appears to-day _Facing_ 294

House formerly belonging to John Woodhouse Audubon, south front, as it appears to-day _Facing_ 294

Lucy Bakewell Audubon. After a miniature painted by Frederick Cruikshank in London, about 1831 _Facing_ 304

Lucy Bakewell Audubon. After an unpublished photograph of 1871 _Facing_ 304

AUDUBON THE NATURALIST

SONNET

TO J. J. AUDUBON, ESQ., ON BEHOLDING HIS DRAWINGS.

Is there delight in Nature's solitudes, Her dark green woods, and fragrant wilderness, In scenes, where seldom human step intrudes, And she is in her wildest, loveliest dress? Is there delight in her uncultured flowers, Each ripened bloom or bright unfolding dye, Or in the tribes which animate her bowers, And through her groves in living beauty fly? Then, on thy canvas as they move and live, While taste and genius guide the fair design, And all the charms which Nature's works can give With equal radiance in thy colours shine; Amidst the praise thy country's sons extend, The stranger's voice its warm applause shall blend.

J. E. R. [JANE ELIZABETH ROSCOE].

_The Winter's Wreath, 1832._

AUDUBON THE NATURALIST