Book iii. 1. 742. He seems to have been always getting into trouble.

[Footnote 793: Cretan Diadem.--Ver. 558. See the Fasti. Book iii. 1. 516.]

[Footnote 794: Evie, Evoë!--Ver. 563. In the combat with the Giants, Jupiter is said, when one of them was slain by Bacchus, to have exclaimed 'Well done, son:' whence the exclamation 'Evie!' was said to have originated. See the Metamorchoses, Book iv. 1. 11 and 15, and the Note.]

[Footnote 795: On the table.'--Ver. 572. See the Epistle of Paris to Helen; and the Amores, Book i. El. iv. 1. 20, and Book ii. El. v. 1. 17, and the Notes.]

[Footnote 796: From the side.--Ver. 576. See the Amores, Book i. EL iv. 1. 32.]

[Footnote 797: Touched with her fingers.--Ver. 577. The ancients are supposed not to have used at meals any implement such as a knife or fork, but merely to have used the fingers only, except in eating soups or other liquids, or jellies, when they employed spoons, which were denoted by the names 'cochlear' and 'ligula.' At meals the Greeks wiped their fingers on pieces of bread; the Romans washed them with water, and dried them on napkins handed round by the slaves.]

[Footnote 798: Are drinking by lot.--Ver. 581. The 'modimperator,' or 'master of the banquet,' was often chosen by lot by the guests, and it was his province to prescribe how much each person should drink. Lots were also thrown, by means of the dice, to show in what order each person was to drink. This passage will show the falsity of his plea in the Second Book of the Tristia, addressed to Augustus, where he says that it was not his intention to address the married women of Rome, but only those who did not wear the 'vittæ' and the 'instita,' the badges of chastity.]

[Footnote 799: Agent attends even too much.--Ver. 587. His meaning seems to be, that in the same way as the agent does more than attend to the injunctions of his principal, and puts himself in a position to profit by his office, so is the inamorato, through the confidence of the husband reposed in him, to make a profit that has never been anticipated.]

[Footnote 801: Eurytion.--Ver. 593. At the nuptials of Pirithous and Hippoda-mia. See the Metamorphoses, Book xii. 1. 220, where he is called Eurytus.]

[Footnote 802: Stealing up.--Ver. 605. This piece of impudence he professes to practise in the Amores, Book i. El iv. l. 56.]

[Footnote 803: Bird of Juno.--Ver. 627. This fact, in natural history, was probably known only to Ovid, or the peacocks of the present day may be less vain than the Roman ones. See the Metamorphoses, Book i. 1. 723.]

[Footnote 804: That there should be Gods.--Ver. 637. This was the avowed opinion of some of the philosophers and atheists of antiquity. We learn from Tertullian that Diogenes, being asked if the Gods exist, answered that he did not know anything about it, but that they ought to exist. The doctrine of the Epicureans was, that the Gods lived a happy and easy life, were not susceptible of anger, and did not trouble themselves about men.]

[Footnote 805: Went to Busiris.--Ver. 649. See the Tristia, Book iii. El. xi. 1. 39, where the story of Phalaris is also referred to. Thrasius was the brother of Pygmalion, and was justly punished by Busiris for his cruel suggestion.]

[Footnote 806: Phoebe suffered--Ver. 679. See the story of the rape of Phoebe, by Castor and Pollux, in the Fasti, Book v. 1. 699.]

[Footnote 807: Work-baskets.--Ver. 693. See the Note to the seventy-third line of the Ninth Epistle.]

[Footnote 808: Heroines of olden times.--Ver. 713. Such as Danaë, Europa Seraele, Alcmena, Io, Calisto, Antiope, Maia, Electra, and others.]

[Footnote 809: Chaplet of Pallas.--Ver. 727. A crown of olive was presented to the victors in the athletic exercises at the Olympic games.]

[Footnote 810: Love for Lyrice.--Ver. 731. If Lyrice here is a female name, it is not known who she was.]

[Footnote 811: Daphnis.--Ver. 732. He was a Sicilian, the son of Mercury; and the inventor of Bucolic poetry.]

[Footnote 812: Pylades.--Ver. 745: Hermione was the wife of Orestes, the friend of Pylades.]

[Footnote 813: With a dart.--Ver. 763. It appears by this, that it was the custom to take fish by striking them with a javelin Salmon ere foretimes caught in a similar manner at the present day.]

FOOTNOTES BOOK TWO

[Footnote 901: Sing, 'Io Pean.'--Ver. 1. This was the usual cry of the hunters, who thus addressed Apollo, the God of the chase, when the prey had been captured iu the toils. See the Metamorphoses, Book iv. 1. 513.]

[Footnote 902: Amyclæ.--Ver. 5. A town of Laconia. See the Metamorphoses, Book x. 1. 219, and the Note.]

[Footnote 903: Erato.--Ver. 16. He addresses himself to this Muse, as her name was derived from the Greek 'love.' It has been suggested that he had another reason for addressing her, as she was thought to take pleasure in warfare, a state which sometimes, by way of variety, exists between lovers.]

[Footnote 904: A bold path.--Ver. 22. This story is again related in the Eighth Book of the Metamorphoses.]

[Footnote 905: Like oars.--Ver. 45. He aptly compares the arrangement of the main feathers of a wing to a row of oars.]

[Footnote 906: Orion.'--Ver. 56. So in the Metamorphoses, Book v. 1. 206, he says to his son Icarus, 'Fly between both: and I bid thee neither to look at Bootes, nor Helice, nor the drawn sword of Orion.']

[Footnote 907: Is angling.--Ver. 77. There is a similar passage in the Metamorphoses, 1. 216.]

[Footnote 908: The Clarian God.--Ver. 80. See the Fasti, Book i. 1. 20, and the Note.]

[Footnote 909: And Calymne.--Ver. 81. These peaces are mentioned in the corresponding passages in the Metamorphoses, Book viii. 1. 222.]

[Footnote 910: Astypalæa..--Ver. 82. This was an isle in the group of the Sporades, between Crete and the Cyclades. It contained but one city, and was long and narrow, and of rugged appearance.]

[Footnote 911: The young horse.--Ver. 100. See the Amoves. Book i. El. viii 1. 8, and the Note.]

[Footnote 912: The Marsian spells.--Ver. 102. The 'naenia' was a mournful dirge or chaunt uttered by the sorcerer in his incantations. On the Marsi, see the Sixth Book of the Fasti, 1. 142, and the Note to the passage.]

[Footnote 913: Causing paleness.--Ver. 105. Philtres were noxious potions, made of venomous or stimulating ingredients, prescribed as a means of gaining the affections of the person to whom they were administered.]

[Footnote 914: Nireus.--Ver. 109. See the Pontic Epistles, Book iv. Ep. xiii. 1. 16, and the Note to the passage.]

[Footnote 915: Charming Hylas.--Ver. 110. See the Tristia, Book ii. 1.]

[Footnote 916: Ocean Goddesses.--Ver. 124. Calypso was really the only sea Goddess that was enamoured of Ulysses. Circe was not a sea Goddess.]

[Footnote 917: Blood of Dolon.'--Ver. 135. See the Metamorphoses, Book xiii. line 244.]

[Footnote 918: Hjemontan horses--Ver. 136. The steeds of Achilles.]

[Footnote 919: The Chaonian bird.--Ver. 150. Chaonia was a district of Epirus, said to have been so called from Chaon, a Trojan. Dodona was in Epirus, and in its forests were said to be doves that had the gift of prophecy. See the Translation of the Metamorphoses pp. 467-8.]

[Footnote 920: Resort to law.--Ver. 151. He means to say 'let man and wife be always thinking about resorting to law to procure a divorce.']

[Footnote 921: 1 gave verses.--Ver. 166. He intends a pun here. 'Verba dare' is 'to deceive,' but literally it means 'to give words.' See the Amores, book i. El. viii. 1. 57.]

[Footnote 922: Atalanta of Nonacris.--Ver. 185. See the Amores, Book iii. El. ii. 29, and the Note.]

[Footnote 923: Bow of Hylceus.--Ver. 191. Hylæus and Rhæcus were Centaurs, who were pierced by Atalanta with her arrows, for making an attempt on her chastity. He alludes to the bow of Cupid in the next line.]

[Footnote 924: The ivory cubes.'--Ver. 203. He alludes to throws of the 'tali' and 'tessera,' which were different kinds of dice. See the Note to 1. Footnote 471: of the Second Book of the Tristia. In this line he seems to mean the 'tessera,' which were similar to our dice, while the 'tali,' which he next mentions, had only four flat surfaces, being made in imitation of the knuckle-bones of animals, and having two sides uneven and rounded. The dice were thrown on a table, made for the purpose, with an elevated rim. Some throws, like our doublets, are supposed to have counted for more than the number turned up. The most fortunate throw was called 'Venus.' or 'Venereus jactus'; it is thought to have consisted of a combination, making fourteen, the dice presenting different numbers. Games with dice were only sanctioned by law as a pastime during meals.]

[Footnote 925: Make bad moves.--Ver. 204. 'Dare jacta' means 'to move the throws,' in allusion to the game of 'duodecim scripta,' or 'twelve points,' which was played with counters moved according to the throws of the dice, probably in a manner not unlike our game of backgammon. The hoard was marked with twelve lines, on which the pieces moved.]

[Footnote 926: Or if you are throwing.--Ver. 205. By the use of the word 'seu, or,' we must suppose that he has, under the word 'numeri,' alluded to the game with the 'tesseræ,' or six-sided dice.]

[Footnote 927: The game that imitates.--Ver. 207. He here alludes to the 'ludus latrunculorum,' literally 'the game of theft,' which is supposed to have been somewhat similar to our chess. He refers to its name in the words, 'latrocinii sub imagine.' The game was supposed to imitate the furtive stratagems of warfare: hence the men, which were usually styled 'calculi,' were also called by the name of 'latrones,' 'latrunculi,' 'milites,' 'bella-tores,' 'thieves,' 'little thieves,' 'soldiers,' 'warriors.' As we see by the next line, they were usually made of glass, though sometimes more costly materials were employed. The skill of this game consisted either in taking the pieces of the adversary, or rendering them unable to move. The first was done when the adversary's piece was brought by the other between two of his own. See the Tristia,