Part 13

Sed primum celsâ lorum cervice ferentem, Glympice, te silvis egit Bœotius Hagnon, Hagnon Astylides, Hagnon, quem plurima semper Gratia per nostros unum testabitur usus. Hic trepidas artes et vix novitate sedentes Vidit, quà propior patuit via: nec sibi turbam Contraxit comitem, nec vasa tenentia longè. Unus præsidium, atque operi spes magna petito, Assumptus Metagon lustrat per nota ferarum Pascua, per fontes, per quas trivêre latebras, Primæ lucis opus: tum signa vapore ferino Intemerata legens, si qua est, qua fallitur, ejus Turba loci, majore secat spatia extera gyro. Atque hic egressu jam tum sine fraude reperto Incubuit spatiis, qualis permissa Lechæis Thessalium quadriga decus, quam gloria patrum Excitat, et primæ spes ambitiosa coronæ. Sed ne qua ex nimio redeat jactura favore, Lex dicta officiis: ne voce lacesseret hostem, Neve levem prædam, aut propioris pignora lucri Amplexus, primos nequicquam effunderet actus. Jam vero impensum melior fortuna laborem Quum sequitur, juxtaque domus quæsita ferarum, Ut sciat, occultos et signis arguat hostes: Aut effecta levi testatur gaudia caudâ, Aut ipsa infodiens uncis vestigia plantis Mandit humum, celsasve apprensat naribus auras. Et tamen, ut ne prima faventem pignora fallant, Circa omnem, aspretis medius qua clauditur orbis, Ferre pedem, accessusque, abitusque, notâsse ferarum Admonet, et, si forte loci spes prima fefellit, (Rarum opus) incubuit spatiis ad prospera versis, Intacto repetens prima ad vestigia gyro.

[Sidenote: Hist. Nat. L. +viii.+ c. +xl.+]

[Sidenote: De Naturâ Animalium L. +viii.+ c. +ii.+]

We here see the limier’s style of _harbouring_ portrayed to the life—falling on the trail—coming to a fault—recovering the scent—and following it up to the lair. The _harbourer_ of more modern days is the _inquisitor_ of Pliny’s short sketch; “Scrutatur vestigia atque persequitur, comitantem ad feram inquisitorem loro trahens: quâ visâ quàm silens et occulta, quàm significans demonstratio est!” But of all descriptions in the range of classical literature the most exquisitively beautiful is Ælian’s—no painter can surpass this graphic hunting-piece:—προηγεῖται τοῦ κυνηγέτου (ὁ κύων ὁ θηρατικὸς) ἱμάντι μακρῷ προσημμένος, καὶ ῥινηλατεῖ, τῆς φωνῆς ἔχων ἐγκρατῶς καἰ σιωπῶν, κ. τ. λ. The hound’s busy manner,—his steady search, even where there is no game,—his burst of silent joy at catching a scent,—his salutation of the harbourer as if sympathizing in his glee at being successful,—his drawing on up to the boar’s couch,—the start—and final pæan of exultation and victory, are all described in masterly style.

The Gelonian breed is very cursorily mentioned by Gratius, as timid and sagacious;

Arma negant contrà, martemque odêre Geloni, Sed natura sagax....

and is recommended to be crossed with the tigrine Hyrcanian; whence spiritless Gelonian bitches have derived that courage and pluck, of which they stood in need:

[Sidenote: Gratii Cyneg. vs. 195.]

traxêre animos de patre Gelonæ Hyrcano.

The Umbrian had much of the Gelonian character—timorous and _soft_—but remarkably keen of nose. Wishing to incorporate every good quality in the same mongrel breed, Gratius ejaculates—

[Sidenote: Gratii Cyneg. vs. 171.]

At fugit adversos idem quos reperit hostes Umber.[387] Quanta fides, utinam et solertia naris, Tanta foret virtus, et tantum vellet in armis!

Silius Italicus notes the sagacity of the Umber, and seems to indicate his _closeness_ of mouth in the contrasted barking of the Spartan,

[Sidenote: Silii Ital. de 2^{do} Bello Punico L. +iii.+]

Ceu pernix cum densa vagis latratibus implet Venator dumeta Lacon, aut exigit Umber Nare sagax è calle feras perterrita latè Agmina præcipitant volucres formidine cervi.

But his habits are most vividly sketched in an elegant simile of Seneca’s Thyestes, where Atreus, exulting in his artful entrapping of his brother, (as a wild beast enveloped in the hunter’s toils—plagis.....clusa dispositis fera,—) exclaims in a strain of ill-dissembled self-gratulation,

[Sidenote: Senecæ Thyestes. Act. +iii.+ 493.]

venit in nostras manus Tandem Thyestes; venit, et totus quidem. Vix tempero animo, vix dolor frenos capit: Sic, cum feras vestigat, et longo sagax Loro tenetur Umber, ac _presso_ vias Scrutatur _ore_; dum procul lento suem Odore sentit, paret, et _tacito_ locum _Rostro_ pererrat: præda cum propior fuit; Cervice totâ pugnat, et gestu vocat Dominum morantem, seque retinenti eripit.

The Virgilian Umbrian, to which Æneas in pursuit of Turnus is likened in the last book of the Æneid, may be taken to signify any Canis venaticus, and not that of Umbria particularly:

[Sidenote: Virgilii Æneid. L. +xii.+ 749.]

Inclusum veluti si quandò flumine nactus Cervum, aut puniceæ septum formidine pennæ, Venator cursu, canis et latratibus instat; Ille autem, insidiis et ripâ territus altâ, Mille fugit refugitque vias: at vividus Umber Hæret hians, jam jamque tenet, similisque tenenti Increpuit malis, morsuque elusus inani est.

The true Umbrian, I conceive, was mute—certainly so, until his game was on foot; as were all the other _finders_ spoken of. But another reason against the dog of Maro being the native dog of Umbria is this—the poet would never have compared the brave and victorious Æneas to a notoriously timid animal, who “fugit adversos idem quos repperit hostes—” while the hero was dealing death and destruction on all sides of him;

[Sidenote: Virgil. Æneid. L. +xii.+ 760.]

Æneas mortem contrà præsensque minatur Exitium, si quisquam adeat; terretque trementes Excisurum urbem minitans; et saucius instat.

If the character of the hounds of Umbria be such as stated, on the authority of the ancient Cynegetica, the epithet “audaces” bestowed on them by the Latin poet of Barga must be unmerited;

[Sidenote: P. Angelii Bargæi Cyneg. L. +v.+]

——Celtis velocibus Umbros, Audaces Umbros, et odoris naribus acres.

Barthius, erroneously in my opinion, identifies the Tuscan dogs of Nemesian with the fierce Molossian-like animals of Oppian’s first Cynegetic (vs. 413.). To the passage already cited under the Canes Bellicosi, the reader is referred, for the purpose of comparison with the following from the Carthaginian poet:

[Sidenote: Nemesian. Cyneg. vs. 231.]

Quin et Tuscorum non est extrema voluptas Sæpè canum: sit forma illis licet obsita villo, Dissimilesque habeant catulis velocibus artus; Haud tamen injucunda dabunt tibi munera prædæ. Namque et odorato noscunt vestigia prato, Atque etiam leporum secreta cubilia monstrant.

Oppian’s boar and lion-killers have very little resemblance to these _indices_ of the form or seat of the timorous hare. The latter poet recommends the Tuscans (whom he is also supposed to designate under the title of Ausonians in his first kennel-roll) to be crossed with the Spartan race;

[Sidenote: Oppian. Cyneg. L. +i.+ vs. 395.]

Τυρσηνὰ γένεθλα Λάκωσι—

The Armenian bear-dog was a sort of lyemmer used by sportsmen of the East for tracking bears;[388]

[Sidenote: Oppian. Cyneg. L. +iv.+ vs. 356.]

πουλὺς ὄχλος βαίνουσι τανύσκια βένθεα δρυμῶν, ἴδριες, αὐτολύτοις σὺν ἐϋρίνεσσι κύνεσσιν, ἴχνια μεστεύσοντ’ ὀλοῶν πουλύπλανα θηρῶν. ἀλλ’ ὁπότ’ ἀθρήσωσι κύνες σημήϊα ταρσῶν, ἕσπονται, στιβέας τε ποδηγετέουσιν ὁμαρτῆ ῥῖνας μὲν ταναὰς σχεδόθεν χέρσοιο τιθέντες, ἐξοπίσω δ’ εἴπερ τι νεώτερον ἀθρήσειαν ἴχνος, ἐπειγόμενοι θόρον αὐτίκα καγχαλόωντες, ληθόμενοι τοῦ πρόσθεν· ἐπὴν δ’ εἰς ἄκρον ἵκωνται εὐπλανέος στιβίης, θηρός τε παναίολον εὐνὴν, αὐτίχ’ ὁ μὲν θρώσκει παλάμης ἀπὸ θηρητῆρος, οἰκτρὰ μάλ’ ὑλακόων, κεχαρημένος ἔξοχα θυμόν.

The poet concludes this part of his description with a singularly beautiful simile of a bare-footed little damsel in joyful search of mountain violets, (discovered by their grateful odour, and plucked for the decoration of her head,) with which she returns singing to the home of her peasant parents:

ὣς κυνὸς ἰάνθη θυμὸς θρασύς. αὐτὰρ ἐπακτὴρ καὶ μάλα μιν θύνοντα βιησάμενος τελαμῶσι, καγχαλόων παλίνορσος ἔβη μεθ’ ὅμιλον ἑταίρων.

The δίκτυα and ἄρκυες, the δεῖμα πολύχροον of the feathered line, and the other instruments of the savage chase, combine to secure the ursine quarry. See Oppian. Cyneg. +iv.+ vs. 354 ad vs. 424.

Having already noticed the wary employment of the mute finder to search out the lair of animals obnoxious to the chase, let us look at the subsequent proceedings.[389] When the nets and snares were set, the game found, and started by the Canes ductores, the attendants, it seems, slipped the latrant pack, which were held in couples at hand. That this was the ordinary routine is proved by Xenophon, Lucan, Seneca, and others. The Greek sportsman of Scillus does not, indeed, say that the dog first slipped should be mute, but merely quick-scented. Lucan, however, particularly states his quality of _closeness_ in the lines of his Pharsalia, where he likens the naval tactics of Octavius, “Illyricæ custos Octavius undæ,” to the wily stratagems of a huntsman preparing for the attack of his game;

[Sidenote: Lucani Pharsal. L. +iv.+ 437.]

—Sic dum pavidos formidine cervos Claudat odoratæ metuentes aëra pennæ: Aut dum dispositis attollat retia varis Venator, tenet ora levis clamosa Molossi; Spartanos Cretasque ligat; nec creditur ulli Sylva cani, nisi qui _presso_ vestigia _rostro_ Colligit, et prædâ _nescit latrare_ repertâ, Contentus tremulo monstrâsse cubilia loro.

—and Seneca implies the same,

[Sidenote: Senecæ Hippolyt. Act. +i.+ 30.]

at vos laxas _Tacitis canibus_ mittite habenas: Teneant acres lora Molossos, Et pugnaces tendant Cressæ Fortia trito vincula collo. At Spartanos (genus est audax Avidumque feræ) nodo cautus Propriore liga. Veniet tempus Cum latratu cava saxa sonent: Nunc demissi nare sagaci Captent auras, lustraque _presso_ Quærant _rostro_.[390]

Hitherto we have said nothing of the race of sagacious hunting-dogs, most commonly known by the name of _hounds_,[391] the Petronius of Gratius,[392] the Ἀγασσεὺς of Oppian, and the Segusian of Arrian.[393] The Petronius belongs to the family of fleet sagacious hounds;

[Sidenote: Gratii Cyneg. vs. 199.]

at te leve si qua Tangit opus, pavidosque juvat compellere dorcas, Aut versuta sequi leporis vestigia parvi: Petronios (sic fama) canes, volucresque Sicambros, Et pictam maculâ Vertraham delige falsâ. Ocyor affectu mentis pinnâque cucurrit, Sed premit inventas, non inventura latentes Illa feras; quæ Petroniis benè gloria constat.

We here see the distinction between the harrier and greyhound, the former running _on scent_, the latter _on sight_.[394] That the Petronii _opened_ as soon as they hit upon the trail of their game, before it was roused, is much regretted by the poet—

[Sidenote: Ejusdem vs. 207.]

Quod si maturo pressantes gaudia lusu Dissimulare feras tacitique accedere possent: Illis omne decus, quod nunc, Metagontes, habetis, Constaret sylvis; sed virtus irrita damno est!

Herein, however, they strikingly resemble their modern representatives; for, with Ducange, I readily grant that the Canes Petronii “ii sunt quos vulgò _chiens courans_ appellamus.” Whoever has heard the din of the fox or hare-chase,

[Sidenote: Titus Andronicus, Act +ii.+ Sc. +iii.+]

—whilst the babbling echo mocks the hounds, Replying shrilly to the well-tuned horns, As if a double hunt were heard at once,

will grant that no Petronian pack could have been more noisy on the trail than their modern representatives.

[Sidenote: Pope’s Essay on Man.]

[Sidenote: Encyclopédie Méthodique: sur les Chasses, p. 138.]

The Britannus sagax, “the hound sagacious on the tainted green,” next claims our attention. Of the Britannus bellicosus we have already spoken under the first class. The earlier cynegetical writers are silent on the subject of British hounds: nor do they appear to have been known in Italy till towards the decline of the Roman empire; when, having been introduced into Celtic Gaul, their merits became gradually known in southern Europe. And here, in spite of the French encyclopedists, (the copyists of Messieurs D’Yauville and Le Verrier de la Conterie,) who gratuitously assume “qu’en général les chiens Anglois n’ont pas autant de noblesse que les beaux chiens François,”—and that where the breed is improved, as they allow it to be in some cases, the amelioration is attributable to Norman crosses,—we must, with our native poet, claim the palm for Britain;

[Sidenote: Somerville. Chace, B. +i.+]

In thee alone, fair land of liberty! Is bred the perfect hound, in scent and speed As yet unrivall’d, while in other climes Their virtue fails, a weak degenerate race!

By name, British hunting-dogs (as distinct from the pugnacious class) are mentioned by the poets of Carthage and Anazarbus alone; by the former, where singing the praises of different canine breeds, the merits of the blood of distant countries;

[Sidenote: Nemesian. Cyneg. vs. 123.]

Sed non Spartanos tantùm, tantùmve Molossos Pascendum catulos: divisa Britannia mittit Veloces,[395] nostrisque orbis venatibus aptos;

—by the latter, in the conclusion of his first cynegetic, vs. 467, hereafter cited. Of Nemesian’s “veloces,” probably not of the sagacious class, I shall, in the sequel, speak. In the absence of any assigned _habitat_ for the Petronius, may we not consider him indigenous of Britain?[396] Our happy isle has ever been famous for excellent breeds of hunting-dogs, for skilful sportsmen, and horses both fleet and patient of the chase. All the Celtic nations indeed, and our ancestors among the rest, were passionately addicted to the diversions of the field, considering the prosecution of such laborious callings a kind of apprenticeship and initiation for war. Thence the superiority of the Celtic breeds of sporting-dogs, and more especially of the Britannus sagax and Britannus bellicosus. With the latter, perhaps, the former may have been sent to Italy by the resident Procurator Cynegii, as worthy of admission into Roman kennels; for at this early period I believe there were only these two _native_ varieties of the canine race in Britain. In the field of battle, in public spectacles, and in the wolf and boar-chases, the bellicosus, the rival of the truculent Epirote, stood pre-eminent: and in the ordinary hunting of timid and fugacious quarry, the hound “naribus utilis,” acquired an early name and character.[397] For hideousness of aspect, and ugliness of shape, both were remarkable;

[Sidenote: Gratii Cyneg. vs. 177.]

Si non ad speciem, mentiturosque decores Protinùs: hæc una est catulis jactura Britannis:

—a notification of Ovid’s contemporary, which may be interpreted of the sagacious with as much truth as of the pugnacious sorts.

[Sidenote: J. Caii de Canibus Britan. Libellus.]

Modern ingenuity has taught British hounds of chase to pursue many varieties of prey. “Alius leporis, alius vulpis, alius cervi, alius platycerotis, alius taxi, alius lutræ, alius mustelæ, alius cuniculi tantùm odore gaudet.” The dog does not himself necessarily differ, for adaptation to different game; and possibly, the old English Talbot was the parent stock, whence all the sub-varieties, at present found in the kennels of Great Britain, originally sprung,[398] modified in shape and character by judicious breeding, and careful management as to quarry:[399]

[Sidenote: Somerville’s Chace, B. +i.+]

strong, heavy, slow, but sure, Whose ears down-hanging from his thick round head, Shall sweep the morning dew; whose clanging voice Awake the mountain echo in her cell, And shake the forest: the bold Talbot kind Of these the prime, &c.

The hounds of Theseus would be correctly placed, from the description of our great dramatic poet, under the old English breed. With it they have more points in common than with their fabled progenitors;

[Sidenote: Midsummer Night’s Dream.]

My hounds are bred out of the Spartan kind, So flew’d, so sanded, and their heads are hung With ears that sweep away the morning dew; Crook-knee’d, and dew-lap’d, like Thessalian bulls; Slow in pursuit; but match’d in mouth like bells, Each under each. A cry more tuneable Was never halloo’d to, nor cheer’d with horn, In Crete, in Sparta, nor in Thessaly.

The vigorous and fleet Leverarius being a supposed representative of some ancient types, I cite the masterly picture of Somerville for the purpose of comparison with the classic poets of the Chase:

[Sidenote: Somerville’s Chace, B. +i.+]

See there with countenance blithe, And with a courtly grin, the fawning hound Salutes thee cowering; his wide opening nose Upwards he curls, and his large sloe-black eyes Melt in soft blandishments, and humble joy; His glossy skin, or yellow-pied, or blue, In lights or shades by nature’s pencil drawn, Reflects the various tints; his ears and legs Fleckt here and there, in gay enamell’d pride, Rival the speckled pard; his rush-grown tail O’er his broad back bends in an ample arch; On shoulders clean, upright and firm he stands; His round cat-foot, straight hams, and wide-spread thighs, And his low-dropping chest, confess his speed, His strength, his wind, or on the steepy hill, Or far-extended plain; in every part So well-proportion’d, that the nicer skill Of Phidias himself can’t blame thy choice.

[Sidenote: P. A. Bargæi Cyneg. +v.+]

[Sidenote: De Canibus et Venatione Libellus.]

The Talbot, whose portrait is also sketched by the Latin poet of Barga, as well as by the authors cited, is at present fallen into disrepute—his slowness of foot being scarce compensated by his keenness of scent. The fleeter Leverarius, whose consimilarity with the Gratian Petronius almost approaches to identity, was apparently unknown to M. A. Biondi; for he holds it quite impossible (like the elder Xenophon in regard to the fair capture of the hare with his ἀλωπεκίδες _at force_) that any hounds should have speed sufficient to run down a fox, without the aid of wily instruments of destruction.[400] But the largest varieties of Somerville’s last picture are found a match for the arch-felon, “vulpem captare dolosam,”—the only approach to the modern mode of pursuing whom, which the classics afford, is in the fourth book of Oppian’s Cynegetics, where the κύνες ἀολλέες are evidently _a pack_ of hounds, though we look in vain for the well-mounted hunters;

[Sidenote: Cyneg. +iv.+ vs. 448.]

κερδὼ δ’ οὔτε λόχοισιν ἁλώσιμος, οὔτε βρόχοισιν, οὔτε λίνοις· δεινὴ γὰρ ἐπιφροσύνῃσι νοῆσαι, δεινὴ δ’ αὖτε κάλωα ταμεῖν, ὑπὸ δ’ ἅμματα λῦσαι, καὶ πυκινοῖσι δόλοισιν ὀλισθῆσαι θανάτοιο· ἀλλὰ κύνες μιν ἄειραν ἀολλέες, οὐδ’ ἄρ’ ἐκεῖνοι καὶ κρατεροί περ ἐόντες ἀναιμωτεὶ δαμάσαντο.

In no case does he fall an easy prey to the disturbers of his cunningly-wrought _latibulum_:

[Sidenote: Cyneg. +iii.+ vs. 450.]

μάλ’ ἀρήϊος ἐν πραπίδεσσι, καὶ πινυτὴ ναίει πυμάτοις ἐνὶ φωλειοῖσιν, ἑπταπύλους οἴξασα δόμους, τρητάς τε καλιὰς τηλόθ’ ἀπ’ ἀλλήλων, μή μιν θηρήτορες ἄνδρες ἀμφὶ θύρῃ λοχόωντες ὑπὸ βροχίδεσσιν ἄγωνται· ἀργαλέη γενύεσσι καὶ ἀντία δηρίσασθαι θηρσί τ’ ἀρειοτέροισι, καὶ ἀγρευτῆρσι κύνεσσιν.[401]

Even when, with the din of huntsmen and hounds, driven into nets, the entangled felon, according to Martial, still fights it out, to the no little discomfiture and injury of his canine antagonists;

[Sidenote: Martial. Epigr. L. +x.+ Ep. 37.]

Hic olidam clamosus ages in retia vulpem, Mordebitque tuos sordida præda canes...[402]

[Sidenote: Brodæus in Oppianum, p. 46.]

[Sidenote: Rittershusius in Oppianum, p. 42.]

Identical with the least of the hound tribe of the British isles, the _Canis venaticus minor_ of Ray’s Synopsis, and Charleton’s Onomasticon, is the Oppianic Agassæus; the derivation of whose name has puzzled Broadæus and other classic commentators not a little.[403] With the hint that Ἀγασσεὺς may be connected with _Agassa_ of Macedonia, _Agasus_ a port of Apulia, the Thracian _Agessus_, and _Agathia_ a city of Phocis, no reason is alleged why a British dog should deduce his name from countries and places so remote. Of the existence of such a tiny hound of chase in this country, Rittershusius seems not to have been aware. British dogs, he remarks, are exceedingly keen-scented, but he cannot divine why called small, βαιὸν γένος, being, in his days at least, of great size. Brodæus, too, ignorant of any other than the Britannus of Claudian, cannot reconcile the “Anglici canes prodigiosæ staturæ” of this poet, and his own experience, with the portrait of the Oppianic Ἀγασσεύς.[404]

[Sidenote: J. Caii de Can. Brit. Libellus.]

It is scarce necessary to observe that the dog in question has no affinity with the Agasæus of Dr. Caius, who very absurdly borrows, for his gazehound, a name previously engaged by a totally different dog; as if to gratify his etymological mania by connecting the terms Agasæus, a gaze, a gazehound—“neque enim odoratu, sed prospectu attento et diligenti feram persequitur iste canis—(Agasæus, a gazehound)—etsi non sum nescius etiam apud Latinos Agasæi vocabulum inter canum nomina reperiri”—“Agasæum nostri abs re quòd intento sit in feram oculo vocant.”

[Sidenote: Synopsis Animalium. Countrey Contentments, B. +i.+ c. +iv.+]

Camden has fallen into the same error with Caius, and confounded the Agasseus of Oppian with the gazehound of Britain; and even Ray has made the gazehound a variety of the _Canis venaticus sagax_, distinguished from his supposed consimilars of the same family by running on sight of his game—“qui aspectu feras insequitur.”

From the following portrait, compared with that drawn by Markham, we may decide the identity of the Agassæus and Beagle:

[Sidenote: Oppian. Cyneg. L. +i.+ vs. 467.]

ἔστι δέ τι σκυλάκων γένος ἄλκιμον ἰχνευτήρων, βαιὸν, ἀτὰρ μεγάλης ἀντάξιον ἔμμεν’ ἀοιδῆς· τοὺς τράφεν ἄγρια φῦλα Βρετανῶν αἰολονώτων, αὐτὰρ ἐπικλήδην σφὰς Ἀγασσαίους ὀνόμῃναν· τῶν ἤτοι μέγεθος μὲν ὀμοίϊον οὐτιδανοῖσι λίχνοις οἰκιδίοισι τραπεζήεσσι κύνεσσι, γυρὸν, ἀσαρκότατον, λασιότριχον, ὄμμασι νωθές· ἀλλ’ ὀνύχεσσι πόδας κεκορυθμένον ἀργαλέοισι, καὶ θαμινοῖς κυνοδοῦσιν ἀκαχμένον ἰοφόροισι. ῥίνεσι δ’ αὖτε μάλιστα πανέξοχός ἐστιν Ἀγασσεὺς, καὶ στιβίῃ πανάριστος, ἐπεὶ κατὰ γαῖαν ἰόντων ἴχνιον εὑρέμεναι μέγα δὴ σοφὸς, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὴν ἴδμων ἠερίην μάλα σημῄνασθαι ἀϋτμήν.

Let the reader compare these little pet-like, weakly, crooked, lank, wire-haired, dull-looking creatures, keen however, and excellent of nose, with his own experience of the beagle’s type and properties, and the representations of authors.[405]

The poet gives some amusing instructions for breaking in the puppy of the Agassæus;

[Sidenote: Ejusd. vs. 489.]

αὐτὰρ ὅγ’ αἶψα ὠρίνθη, φριμάα τε λαγωείης ὑπ’ ἀϋτμῆς, ἴχνια μαστεύει τε κατὰ χθονὸς, κ. τ. λ.

comparing his restlessness to that of a young woman in travail with her first child,

[Sidenote: Ejusd. vs. 493.]

ὡς δ’ ὅτε τις κούρη δέκατον περὶ μῆνα σελήνης πρωτοτόκος λοχίῃσιν ὑπ’ ὠδίνεσσι τυπεῖσα, κ. τ. λ.

[Sidenote: Lib. +ii.+ p. 18.]