Part 8

================================================= _To_ | _Miles_. ------------------------------------------------- Nephi, Utah, U. South’n R. R. (N) | 500 Fort Wingate, N. M. (E) | 286 Present Terminus of Denver & | Rio Grande N. G. R. R. (E) | 540 Clifton, Longfellow Copper Mines, | via Mogollon Plateau (E). Estimated | 320 Wickenburg (S) | 82 Phœnix (S by E) | 142 Florence (S by E) | 192 Tucson (S by E) | 267 Tubac (S by E) | 313 Camp Bowie (E by S) | 392 Ebrenberg (SW) | 213 Silver King (E of S) | 190 Chino Valley (N) | 22 Aqua Fria Valley (E) | 15 Camp Verde (E) | 42 Montezuma Wells (N of E) | 55 San Francisco Mt’n (NE) | 85 ” ” Forest (NE) | 65 Black Cañon (SE) | 52 Alexandria, Peck Mill (S) | 7 Mill on the Hassayampa (S) | 10 Walnut Grove, mill, etc. (S) | 17 Colorado Chiquito, Sunset Crossing, | (N of E) | 132 Moqui Pueblos (N of E). Est’d | 180 Stoneman’s Lake (N of E) | 73 -----------------------------------------------

Wickenburg

============================================= _To_ | _Miles._ --------------------------------------------- Vulture Mills (N) | 1 Smith’s (S) | 15 Vulture Mine (SE) | 11 Aqua Fria (S) | 43 Lambley’s (S) | 8 Cave Creek Mines (N by E) | 40 Camp McDowell (SE) | 95 -----------------------------------------

=From Tubac.=

(Principal point in the Santa Cruz Valley, Santa Rita mining region.)

========================================================================= _To_ |_Miles._|_Total_ | |_Miles._ -------------------------------------------------------+--------+-------- Tucson | 46 | Tumacacori Mission (King’s) | 3 | 3 Old Hacienda del Santa Rita | 9 | 12 Toltec Camp, Aztec District | 9 | 12 Sonoita, Aztec and Tubac Mill-sites | 5½ | 17½ ” , via Smith’s Ranch | | 29 San Xavier del Bac | | 36 Reventon Ranch | | 6 Sopori | | 10 Arivaca | | 17 Calabasas | | 15 Cerro--Colorado District | | 22 Patagonia Mountains (Mowry Mines) | | 48 Fresnal | | 65 Ajo Copper Mines | | 135 Aliza Pass (Baboquivera Peak). Estimated | | 30 Canabi (Old Papago Country) ” | | 60 Papago Ranch (Sonora) | | 90 ” ” (A. T.) by way of the Mexican Papago Ranch| | 113 Cayote Springs | | 45 Cuijota | | 72 Cholla | | 90 Saguarza | | 96 Santa Rosa | | 75 Pirigua | | 92 Sonoita (Sonora, by way of Old Papago Ranch) | | 160 St. Domingo (on Sonora line) | | 175 Camp Crittenden | | 42 ” Wallen (Babocomori Ranch) | | 63 Camp Bowie (via Camp Crittenden) | | 139 Florence (via Tucson) | | 108 Yuma (via Tucson) | | 345 San Francisco (via Yuma, Stage & S. P. R. R.) | |1,065 Phœnix (via Florence) | | 157 Wickenburg (via Phœnix) | | 222 Ehrenberg (via Wickenburg) | | 349 El Paso, Texas, (via Tucson) | | 445 Mesilla, New Mexico, (via Tucson) | | 394 St. Louis (via N. M. Stage and Ks. R. Rds.) | |1,778 Austin, Texas, (via El Paso) | |1,095 Mexican towns (via Santa Cruz Valley): | | Magdalena | | 51 Santa Cruz | | 54 Altar | | 95 Hermosillo | | 229 Lobos | | 309 Guaymas[1] | | 229 -------------------------------------------------------+--------+------ [1] Ports in Sonora, on the Gulf of California.

=Ehrenberg to=

_Miles._ Wickenberg (E) 131 Prescott (E) 82

Mineral Park, Mojave County.

=========================================================== _To_ | _Miles._ ------------------------------------------------+---------- Hardyville, Colorado River (S by W) | 35 Cerbat, village (S) | 6 McCracken Mine, Owen Dist. (S.) | 100 Greenwood, mills, village, etc. (E of S) | 100 Hackberry Mine (E) | 35 Haulapai Mt’ns (SE) | 80 ” Camp (E) | 103 Williamson’s Valley (E) | 121 Prescott (S. E) | 141 ------------------------------------------------+----------

Phœnix

=========================================================== _To_ | _Miles._ ------------------------------------------------+---------- Wickenburg (N) | 60 Florence (S) | 50 Maricopa Wells (SW) | 35 Camp McDowell (E) | 35 East Phœnix (E) | 4 Ruins, north of river (E) | 4 Hayden (E by S) | 9 Ruins, near La Tempe (E by S) | 16 House’s Well (S) | 20 Marysville (E) | 18 Mount McDowell (E by N) | 20 Placers, Superstition Mt’ns (E by S) | 40 ------------------------------------------------+----------

Florence

=========================================================== _To_ | _Miles._ ------------------------------------------------+---------- Silver King, mine and mills, Pioneer Dist. (NE) | 35 Globe City (G. D.) Pinal Mt’ns (NE) | 75 Wheatfield, mines and furnaces (NE) | 87 Stonewall Jackson, McMillen’s Camp (NE) | 93 San Carlos (NE) | 115 Sanford (W) | 6 Casa Grande (SW) | 12 Adamsville (W) | 5 Pima Villages (W) | 34 Maricopa Villages (W by N) | 42 Maricopa Wells | 46 Tucson (SW) | 63 Phœnix (NW) | 50 Wickenburg (NW) | 110 Prescott (NW) | 192 Mineral Park (NW) | 333 Yuma (W) | 237 Tucson (S) | 163 Prescott (NW) | 192 Camp Grant (E) | 50 Silver City, N. M. (E) | 288 ------------------------------------------------+----------

Railroad and Stage to Prescott.

The cheaper route to Prescott is from San Francisco via Dos Palmas, (160 miles east of Los Angeles) and stage thence through or via Ehrenburg--Dos Palmas to Prescott being about 200 miles.

Express trains leave San Francisco daily at 4 P. M.--arrive at Dos Palmas 2:10 A. M. second night.

Third class trains leave San Francisco daily at 4:30 P. M.--arrive at Dos Palmas at 2:10 P. M. third night.

Stage leaves Dos Palmas immediately after arrival of the train, every other night.

There are two rates of fare to Prescott via Dos Palmas and Ehrenburg. First class, $78.10; third class, $67.10, coin.

The most comfortable, but more expensive route, is via rail to Yuma River steamer to Ehrenburg, and stage thence to Prescott. But this connection depends upon the running of the steamer up the river from Yuma, of which the departures are irregular. Trains leave San Francisco: first class, at 4 P. M.--arrive at Yuma second morning at 8:30 A. M.; third class, at 4:30 P. M.--arrive at Yuma third morning at 8:30 A. M.

Fare from San Francisco to Yuma: first class, $45; third class, $34.

Yuma to Ehrenburg: cabin, $15; deck, $10. Ehrenburg to Prescott, $33.

Through tickets are not issued by this route.

A daily stage connection is made from Yuma via Phœnix, by which route through tickets are sold from San Francisco to Prescott, at first class rates, $117; third class being $106.

=Miscellaneous Distances.= _Miles._

Colton (S. P. R. R.) Cal., to Fort Mojave, A. T. 135 San Francisco to Yuma (S. P. R. R.) 720 St. Louis to Prescott (estimated) 1,500 St. Louis to Tucson (estimated) 1,500 St. Louis to Florence (estimated) 1,500 Fort Defiance to Prescott (estimated) 240

=Papagoria Distances.=

[ESTIMATED.]

Santa Rosa to Cojéta 12 Cojéta to the Gila (Pima Villages) 50 Pirigua to the Gila (Cotterell’s Station) 55 Pirigua to the Sonora line 40 Pirigua to the Saucita (north) 25 Ajo Copper Mines to the Gila (Burke’s) 45 Ajo Copper Mines to the Gila (Mohawk Station) 50 Sonora line, via the Cabezo Prieta, to the Gila 70 Sonora line, via the Tinajaalta, to Yuma 110

=Local Distances in Yavapai County.=

Prescott to Chino Valley 20 ” ” Agua Fria Valley 18 ” ” Alexandra 40 ” ” San Francisco Mountain 85 ” ” Walnut Grove 25 ” ” Tiger Lode and Mine 40 ” ” Black Cañon 60 Azltan Mill to Black Cañon 75 Peck Mine to ” 100 Walnut Grove to Tiger Lode 20 ” ” Peck Mine 30 Camp Verde to Beaver Creek 12 ” ” Hassayampa 10 Clifton to Longfellow Copper Mine 7 ” ” Silver City, N. M. 80 ” ” Coronado, ” 10

=Local Distances in Mojave County.=

Summit Springs to Aubrey 50 Mineral Mine to The Needles 45 McCracken Mine to Aubrey (via Planet Mine) 30 McCracken Mine to Parker 50 Signal to McCracken Mine 8 Signal to Greenwood 4

=Colorado River Distances.= _Miles._ _Total_ _Miles._ Point Isabel (Gulf of California) to Yuma 175 Yuma to Castle Dome Landing 35 210 ” Ehrenberg 125 335 ” William’s Fork 214 424 ” Mojave Cañon 232 442 ” Aubrey 220 395 ” Chemchuevis Landing 240 405 ” Mojave 300 465 ” Hardyville 312 477 ” Cottonwood Island 342 507 ” Callville 402 567 ” Stone’s Ferry 465 640

=Local Distances in Pinal County.=

Florence to Picket Post 25 Globe City to Pinal Creek 18

=Local Distances in Pima County.=

Tucson to Arivipa Cañon (N. E.) 120 Tucson to Picacho Mine (W.) 75

* * * * *

The famous Turquoise Mine is in New Mexico, near the Arizona line. It comprises two enormous open quarries, perhaps 200 feet in depth at the deepest point, and covering an area of several acres. They must have been produced with great labor, since there are no traces anywhere of the use of tools or gunpowder. Tradition refers these workings to a period of greater antiquity than the Spanish occupation, and declares them to have been executed by the Aztec inhabitants of the regions who preceded the present Indian races. Stone hammers have been found in these quarries, but no tools of any metal. The trachyte is seamed and fissured throughout, at small intervals, and in every direction; and there is no reason to doubt that hammers, wedges, and levers would be quite sufficient to remove the solid masses. The turquoise occurs fully in the fissures, in the form of narrow seams and plates, rarely or never exceeding the fraction of an inch in thickness. The majority of the seams now exposed show the impure green variety, which is worthless. The Pueblo Indians, like civilized people, value the light-blue turquoise only.

Stage arrives at Florence every morning at 7 A. M. from Tucson, and leaves half an hour later for Yuma; stage from Yuma arrives every evening at 6 P. M., and leaves for Tucson half an hour later. Stage to Globe City leaves every Tuesday at 8 A. M., and arrives at 8 P. M. Saturday. Phœnix and Prescott stages leave every other day at 7 A. M., and arrive alternate days at 12 midnight. Stage for Silver King leaves every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 7 A. M., and arrives every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 4 P. M.

The military-geographical surveys, up to the fall of 1876, under Lieut. Wheeler, in central and western Arizona, have covered a total area of 17,954.6 square miles, or 11,490,944 acres. Of this total, it is estimated that 25 per cent., or 4,488 square miles, being 2,875,238 acres, are fit for agricultural purposes, mostly requiring irrigation. The timber is set down at 10 per cent., or 1,149,094 acres. For grazing, the estimate is 30 per cent., and as barren, 35 per cent. The total available land in the area surveyed is thus set down at 65 per cent., being 11,670.6 square miles, or 7,469,114 acres.

Temperatures and Rainfall.

A = Temperature. B = Rainfall.

======================================================================= | Camp || Fort || Camp || Camp || |Apache.|| Bowie. || Grant. || Lowell. || ----------+-------||---------------||---------------||---------------|| | A || A | B || A | B || A | B || ----------+-------||-------|-------||-------|-------||-------|-------|| | Deg. || Deg. | Inch. || Deg. | Inch. || Deg. | Inch. || | || | || | || | || July | 60-104|| 71-103| 0.50 || 58-109| 1.70 || 39-113| 0.08 || August | 66- 88|| 64- 97| 1.34 || 55-102| 5.20 || 46-104| 2.73 || September | 52- 92|| 67- 99| 0.01 || 53- 99| 2.50 || 52-103| 0.62 || October | 28- 92|| 42- 96| 0.03 || 35-100| 0.46 || 21-101| 0.00 || November | 25- 81|| 33- 85| 1.12 || 31- 81| 3.38 || 30- 91| 1.32 || December | 6- 62|| 20- 70| 2.02 || 21 82| 1.75 || 25- 78| 0.97 || January | 6- 68|| 21- 67| 2.33 || 20- 85| 1.58 || 19- 78| 1.76 || February | 10- 65|| 20- 67| 5.40 || 16- 80| 2.87 || 21- 75| 1.66 || March | 18- 72|| 32- 79| 1.50 || 28- 86| 2.45 || 30- 79| 1.19 || April | 31- 88|| 32- 82| 0.35 || 30- 93| 0.58 || 34- 97| 0.43 || May | 38- 94|| 48-100| 0.00 || 30-101| 0.07 || 42-103| 0.07 || June | 57-101|| 67-100| 0.00 || 54-105| 0.00 || 44-108| 0.00 || ----------|-------||-------|-------||-------|-------||-------|-------|| | || | 14.60 || | 22.54 || | 10.83 || ==========|=======||=======|=======||=======|=======||=======|=======||

--continued

============================================================== | Camp || Camp || Camp || | Mcdowell. || Mojave. || Verde. || | || || || ----------+---------------||---------------||---------------|| | A | B || A | B || A | B || ----------+-------|-------||-------|-------||-------|-------|| | Deg. | Inch. || Deg. | Inch. || Deg. | Inch. || | | || | || | || July | 72-113| 0.00 || 47-118| 0.00 || 48-113| 0.14 || August | 65-108| 0.56 || 52-116| 3.80 || 58-102| 2.52 || September | 54-110| 0.00 || 45-108| 0.00 || 41- 97| 0.26 || October | 33-108| 0.00 || 27-105| 0.00 || 21- 95| 0.00 || November | 33- 99| 0.21 || 36- 89| 0.50 || 20- 74| 0.74 || December | 27- 83| 4.70 || 29- 67| 2.80 || 6- 57| 3.26 || January | 24- 83| 3.10 || 27- 70| 0.19 || 5- 59| 2.65 || February | 18- 78| 2.86 || 29- 69| 5.00 || 12- 60| 2.05 || March | 31- 79| 1.06 || 39- 80| 0.20 || 19- 72| 1.05 || April | 43- 97| 1.30 || 54- 96| 0.10 || 27- 87| 1.48 || May | 43-105| 0.30 || 63-107| 0.90 || 34-102| 0.08 || June | 54-114| 0.00 || 75-111| 0.00 || 43-107| 0.00 || ----------|-------|-------||-------|-------||-------|-------|| | | 14.09 || | 13.40 || | 14.19 || ==========|=======|=======||=======|=======||=======|=======||

--continued

============================================ | Fort || Fort | | Whipple. || Yuma. | | (Prescott). || (Yuma City). | ----------+-------|-------||-------|-------| | A | B || A | B | ----------+-------|-------||-------|-------| | Deg. |Inch. || Deg. |Inch. | | | || | | July | 65- 91| 1.56 || 69-112| 0.00 | August | 64- 85| 4.78 || 71-106| 1.60 | September | 50- 82| 0.30 || 59-104| 0.00 | October | 33- 81| 0.00 || 48-100| 0.00 | November | 29- 72| 0.80 || 46- 86| 0.00 | December | 10- 65| 2.55 || 39- 61| 0.64 | January | 17- 67| 5.51 || 37- 72| 0.55 | February | 10- 55| 5.68 || 35- 70| 0.85 | March | 20- 65| 3.56 || 40- 82| 0.20 | April | 34- 75| 1.70 || 45- 95| 0.00 | May | 41- 82| 0.65 || 50-102| 0.00 | June | 55- 88| 0.00 || 66-108| 0.00 | ----------|-------|-------||-------|-------| | |27.09 || | 3.84 | ==========|=======|=======||=======|=======|

At Florence, July, 1877, the thermometer stood at 100 to 115 deg.

In Gila Valley, near the mouth of San Pedro, August and September, 1876, 50 deg. at sunrise; 105 deg. at 2 P. M.; early in October, 30 deg. at sunrise--90 deg. at 2 P. M.; close of October, 15 deg. at sunrise--90 deg. at 2 P. M.

In Gila Valley, on the New Mexico and Arizona line, October 17th, 1876, at sunrise, 28 deg.--at base of mountain range, ten miles distant, 40 deg.; Oct. 18th, at sunrise, 14 deg.--4,500 feet altitude; Oct. 19th, at sunrise, 40 deg.--5,200 feet altitude.

At Mineral Peak, during June and July, 1877, the thermometer repeatedly reached 100 deg.

August 8th to 13th, 1877, 30 miles below Sunset Crossing, on the Colorado Chiquito, the thermometer stood, at sunrise, 62 to 64 deg.; at 2 P. M. 82 to 85 deg.; at sunset, 71 to 75 deg.--3,700 feet above sea level. Table of Altitudes--Principal Points in Arizona.